Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ecosystem functioning"
Registros recuperados: 11
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 01:05:06

The Multifaceted Aspects of Ecosystem Integrity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it; Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; slevin@eno.princeton.edu.
The need to reduce human impacts on ecosystems creates pressure for adequate response, but the rush to solutions fosters the oversimplification of such notions as sustainable development and ecosystem health. Hence, it favors the tendency to ignore the complexity of natural systems. In this paper, after a brief analysis of the use and abuse of the notion of ecosystem health, we address the problem of a sound definition of ecosystem integrity, critically review the different methodological and conceptual approaches to the management of natural resources, and sketch the practical implications stemming from their implementation. We show thatthere are merits and  limitations in different definitions of ecosystem integrity, for each acknowledges different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Complexity and stability; Conservation strategies; Disturbance  anthropogenic; Disturbance  natural; Ecosystem integrity; Ecosystem functioning; Ecosytem structure; Natural resource management; Resilience; Sustainable development.
Ano: 1997

An Overview of the Implications of Global Change for Natural and Managed Terrestrial Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Steffen, Will; ; Will.Steffen@dwe.csiro.au.
Global change is the net effect of individual and interactive effects of changes in land use, atmospheric composition, biological diversity, and climate.  A synthesis of the past six years' activities of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems project of the IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) deals with global change effects as ecosystem responses and living with global change. Ecosystem responses are considered in terms of changes in function and vegetation composition/structure. Field experiments of elevated CO2 effects on aboveground biomass show, on average, a positive effect on biomass, ranging from -20% to +80%. Some early predictions of CO2 effects (C3 vs. C4 plants, N-fixers, C:N in litter) are not generally supported, and it...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biomes; Carbon dioxide; Climate; Dynamics; Ecosystem functioning; Global change; Impacts; Land use; Terrestrial biosphere; Vegetation changes.
Ano: 1997

Editorial: Extreme Benthic Communities in the Age of Global Change
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sandulli, Roberto; Ingels, Jeroen; Zeppilli, Daniela; Sweetman, Andrew Kvassnes; Hardy Mincks, Sarah; Mienis, Furu; Chin-lin, Wei.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Benthos; Global change; Extreme environment; Biodiversity; Ecosystem functioning.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77990/80200.pdf

Nutrients and carbon budgets for the Gulf of Lion during the Moogli cruises
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Durrieu De Madron, X; Denis, L; Diaz, F; Garcia, N; Guieu, C; Grenz, C; Loye-pilot, Md; Ludwig, W; Moutin, T; Raimbault, P; Ridame, C.
Shelf-slope exchanges and budgets of organic and inorganic nutrients are calculated for the Gulf of Lion continental margin in the northwestern Mediterranean. Computations are based on data from three seasonal marine surveys performed in March 1998, June 1998 and January 1999 in the framework of the French Programme National d'Environnement Cotier. A Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone type box model is used to calculate the advective exchanges between the shelf and the adjacent open sea and to estimate the budgets of non-conservative elements (DIP, DIN, DOP, DON, DOC, POC, PON, POP). These budgets consider river discharges, urban sewage supply, atmospheric deposition, and fluxes at the water-sediment and shelf-slope interfaces. Uncertainties on...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mer Méditerranée; Echanges côte-large; Fonctionnement de l’écosystème; Cycle du carbone; Bilan de sels nutritifs; Mediterranean Sea; Shelf-slope exchanges; Ecosystem functioning; Carbon cycle; Nutrients budget.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00301/41236/40426.pdf

Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) approach to further understanding aquaculture–environment interactions with application to bivalve culture and benthic ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lacoste, Elise; Mckindsey, Christopher W.; Archambault, Philippe.
Coastal benthic ecosystems may be impacted by numerous human activities, including aquaculture, which continues to expand rapidly. Indeed, today aquaculture worldwide provides more biomass for human consumption than do wild fisheries. This rapid development raises questions about the interactions the practice has with the surrounding environment. In order to design strategies of sustainable ecosystem exploitation and marine spatial planning, a better understanding of coastal ecosystem functioning is needed so that tools to quantify impacts of human activities, including aquaculture, may be developed. To achieve this goal, some possible directions proposed are integrated studies leading to new concepts, model development based on these concepts and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture-environment interactions; Benthic system; Biodiversity; Ecosystem functioning; Shellfish.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00611/72279/71161.pdf

A review of potential impacts of submarine power cables on the marine environment: Knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Taormina, Bastien; Bald, Juan; Want, Andrew; Thouzeau, Gerard; Lejart, Morgane; Desroy, Nicolas; Carlier, Antoine.
Submarine power cables (SPC) have been in use since the mid-19th century, but environmental concerns about them are much more recent. With the development of marine renewable energy technologies, it is vital to understand their potential impacts. The commissioning of SPC may temporarily or permanently impact the marine environment through habitat damage or loss, noise, chemical pollution, heat and electromagnetic field emissions, risk of entanglement, introduction of artificial substrates, and the creation of reserve effects. While growing numbers of scientific publications focus on impacts of the marine energy harnessing devices, data on impacts of associated power connections such as SPC are scarce and knowledge gaps persist. The present study (1)...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Submarine power cables; Marine renewable energy; Environmental impacts; Ecosystem functioning; Benthic habitats.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56542/58330.pdf

Programme coordonné Ecotron sur le site d'Arcachon (Aquitaine, France) : contrôle de la production biologique marine dans un écosystème lagunaire aménagé (réservoirs à poissons) - Bilan, synthèse et perspectives
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lasserre, Pierre.
Coordinated ECOTRON Program on the Arcachon Basin (Aquitaine, France) : Control of marine biological production in a man-modified lagoon ecosystem (fish ponds). Results, synthesis and prospects. The "fish reservoirs" of the Arcachon Basin consist of eutrophic lagoon ecosys­tems, empirically exploited for extensive amphihaline fish culture (grey mullets, sea bass, eels, sea breams). The 1000 hectares of exploited farms, well integrated in a traditional socio-economic context, are presently not adapted for various reasons.The coordinate researches, which have been developed at Arcachon since 1974, within the ECOTRON (CNEXO) Program, show that these highly productive man modified ecosystems are well adapted for the development of semi-intensive aqua­culture....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Lagunes côtières exploitées; Réservoirs à poissons; Bassin d'Arcachon; Fonctionnement écosystème; Contrôle productivité; Modélisation; Développement potentiel; Exploited coastal lagoons; Fish ponds; Arcachon Bay; Ecosystem functioning; Productivity control; Modelling; Potential development.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00306/41676/40885.pdf

Trait structure and redundancy determine sensitivity to disturbance in marine fish communities
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mclean, Matthew; Auber, Arnaud; Graham, Nicholas A J; Houk, Peter; Villéger, Sébastien; Violle, Cyrille; Thuiller, Wilfried; Wilson, Shaun K.; Mouillot, David.
‘Functional’ diversity is believed to influence ecosystem dynamics through links between organismal traits and ecosystem processes. Theory predicts that key traits and high trait redundancy – large species richness and abundance supporting the same traits – can buffer communities against environmental disturbances. While experiments and data from simple ecological systems lend support, large‐scale evidence from diverse, natural systems under major disturbance is lacking. Here, using long‐term data from both temperate (English Channel) and tropical (Seychelles Islands) fishes, we show that sensitivity to disturbance depends on communities’ initial trait structure and initial trait redundancy. In both ecosystems, we found that increasing dominance by...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coral reefs; Diversity stability; Ecological traits; Ecosystem functioning; English Channel; Functional diversity.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00490/60184/63525.pdf

Rebound in functional distinctiveness following warming and reduced fishing in the North Sea
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Murgier, Juliette; Mclean, Matthew; Maire, Anthony; Mouillot, David; Loiseau, Nicolas; Munoz, François; Violle, Cyrille; Auber, Arnaud.
Functionally distinct species (i.e. species with unique trait combinations in the community) can support important ecological roles and contribute disproportionately to ecosystem functioning. Yet, how functionally distinct species have responded to recent climate change and human exploitation has been widely overlooked. Here, using ecological traits and long-term fish data in the North Sea, we identified functionally distinct and functionally common species, and evaluated their spatial andtemporaldynamics in relation to environmental variables and fishing pressure. Functionally distinct specieswere characterized by late sexualmaturity, few, large offspring, and high parental care,many being sharks and skates that play critical roles in structuring food...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Functional diversity; Ecological trait; Fisheries; Global change; Ecosystem functioning; Conservation.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/78019/80270.pdf

Community-wide scan identifies fish species associated with coral reef services across the Indo-Pacific
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Maire, Eva; Villeger, Sebastien; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Hoey, Andrew S.; Cinner, Joshua; Ferse, Sebastian C. A.; Aliaume, Catherine; Booth, David J.; Feary, David A.; Kulbicki, Michel; Sandin, Stuart A.; Vigliola, Laurent; Mouillot, David.
Determining whether many functionally complementary species or only a subset of key species are necessary to maintain ecosystem functioning and services is a critical question in community ecology and biodiversity conservation. Identifying such key species remains challenging, especially in the tropics where many species co-occur and can potentially support the same or different processes. Here, we developed a new community-wide scan CWS) approach, analogous to the genome-wide scan, to identify fish species that significantly contribute, beyond the socio-environmental and species richness effects, to the biomass and coral cover on Indo-Pacific reefs. We found that only a limited set of species (51 out of approx. 400, = approx. 13%), belonging to various...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem functioning; Biodiversity; Fish community; Key species; Ecosystem services; Coral reefs.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00452/56388/68019.pdf

Disruption of ecosystem processes in western North America by invasive species
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: Dukes,Jeffrey S.; Mooney,Harold A.
Many ecosystems of western North America have been dramatically changed by non-native species. Here, we review ecological impacts of 56 plant, animal, fungus, and protist species that were brought to this region by humans. We discuss characteristics of invasive species that can lead to major ecosystem impacts, and explore how invasive species alter many different attributes of ecosystems. Specifically, we include examples of invasive species that affect geomorphology, fire regimes, hydrology, microclimate, atmospheric composition, nutrient cycling, and productivity. Finally, we review the direct consequences of biological invasions for some native species. We summarize examples from this paper in Appendix 1. Our examples illustrate how, as invasive species...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Ecosystem functioning; Community structure; Exotic species; Impact.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2004000300003