Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ecosystem modeling"
Registros recuperados: 12
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 06:19:44

Surprise and Opportunity for Learning in Grand Canyon: the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melis, Theodore S; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center; tmelis@usgs.gov; Walters, Carl J; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Korman, Josh; Ecometric Research Inc.; jkorman@ecometric.com.
With a focus on resources of the Colorado River ecosystem below Glen Canyon Dam, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has included a variety of experimental policy tests, ranging from manipulation of water releases from the dam to removal of non-native fish within Grand Canyon National Park. None of these field-scale experiments has yet produced unambiguous results in terms of management prescriptions. But there has been adaptive learning, mostly from unanticipated or surprising resource responses relative to predictions from ecosystem modeling. Surprise learning opportunities may often be viewed with dismay by some stakeholders who might not be clear about the purpose of science and modeling in adaptive management. However, the experimental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Colorado River; Ecosystem modeling; Glen Canyon Dam; Grand Canyon; High-flow experiments; Humpback chub; Rainbow trout; Surprise learning.
Ano: 2015

Fisheries restoration potential for a large lake ecosystem: using ecosystem models to examine dynamic relationships between walleye, cormorant, and perch
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGregor, Andrea M; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources; Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development; amm15@ualberta.ca; Davis, Christopher L; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources;; Walters, Carl J; UBC Fisheries Centre;; Foote, Lee; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources;.
Increased population sizes of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and small-bodied (&amp;#60;15 cm total length) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) have occurred at Lac la Biche, Alberta, Canada, since fisheries collapsed the walleye (Sander vitreus) population. A walleye restoration program was introduced in 2005, but uncertainty around the ecosystem&amp;#8217;s response to management made it difficult to evaluate program success. This study used 40 variations of Ecopath with Ecosim models representing ecosystem conditions over 200 years to test the potential for multiple attractors, i.e., possible ecosytem states, in a large lake ecosystem. Results suggest that alternate stable states, defined by walleye-dominated and cormorant-dominated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternate stable states; Cormorant; Ecosystem modeling; Lac la Biche; Restoration; Walleye; Yellow perch.
Ano: 2015

Visualizing the Food-Web Effects of Fishing for Tunas in the Pacific Ocean
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinke, Jefferson T; Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory and Joint Institute for Marine and At; jhinke@pfeg.noaa.gov; Kaplan, Isaac C; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; ickaplan@wisc.edu; Aydin, Kerim; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Kerim.Aydin@noaa.gov; Watters, George M; Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory; gwatters@pfeg.noaa.gov; Olson, Robert J; Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission; rolson@iattc.org; Kitchell, James F. K.; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; kitchell@mhub.limnology.wisc.edu.
We use food-web models to develop visualizations to compare and evaluate the interactions of tuna fisheries with their supporting food webs in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) and the central north Pacific (CNP) Oceans. In the ETP and CNP models, individual fisheries use slightly different food webs that are defined by the assemblage of targeted tuna species. Distinct energy pathways are required to support different tuna species and, consequently, the specific fisheries that target different tuna assemblages. These simulations suggest that catches of tunas, sharks, and billfishes have lowered the biomass of the upper trophic levels in both systems, whereas increases in intermediate and lower trophic level animals have accompanied the decline of top...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem modeling; Food webs; Longline fishing; Purse-seine fishing; Tunas; Trophic levels; Pacific Ocean.
Ano: 2004

Combining ecosystem indicators and life cycle assessment for environmental assessment of demersal trawling in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Abdou, Khaled; Le Loc'H, Francois; Gascuel, Didier; Romdhane, Mohamed Salah; Aubin, Joel; Ben Rais Lasram, Frida.
Purpose The present study assesses environmental performance of seafood production by demersal trawling in Tunisia (Gulf of Gabes) in order to analyze the contribution of each production stage to environmental impacts and to understand drivers of the impacts using life cycle assessment (LCA). Then a set of ecosystem quality indicators were determined using an ecosystem modeling tool, Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), and were combined with LCA to increase the relevance of both tools' assessments when applied to fisheries. Methods The approach consisted of conducting LCA and calculating ecosystem indicators to provide a complete assessment of trawling's environmental impacts and the ecosystem characteristics associated with seafood production. The functional unit...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Life cycle assessment; Fisheries; Ecosystem modeling; Ecopath with Ecosim; Ecospace; Demersal trawling; Environmental impacts; Gulf of Gabes.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00609/72148/70895.pdf

Threats to the ocean: on the role of ecosystem approaches to fisheries
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Christensen, V; Aiken, K; Villanueva, Ching-maria.
It is becoming increasingly clear that humans impact marine ecosystems and their biodiversity to a very considerate degree, and evidence of the scale of impact is growing. An enabling factor for this has been a change in focus from local-level studies to increased emphasis on meta-analysis of global or regional-level analysis of fisheries' impact, Results include the facts that the world's total fish catches have been decreasing over the last decade or more; that larger, predatory fishes (table fish) are becoming increasingly scarcer; and that we are appropriating the ocean shelves' primary productivity to the same level as we are for terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystems are being eroded in countries throughout the world, and though one might get the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem modeling; Ecosystem based management of fisheries; Modélisation écosystémique; Gestion écosystémique des pêcheries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-6123.pdf

Implementation of an end-to-end model of the Gulf of Lions ecosystem (NW Mediterranean Sea). I. Parameterization, calibration and evaluation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bănaru, Daniela; Diaz, Fréderic; Verley, Philippe; Campbell, Rose; Navarro, Jonathan; Yohia, Christophe; Oliveros-ramos, Ricardo; Mellon, Capucine; Shin, Yunne-jai.
An end-to-end model named OSMOSE-GoL has been built for the Gulf of Lions, the main French Mediterranean fishing area. This spatialized dynamic model links the coupled hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model Eco3M-S/SYMPHONIE (LTL – low trophic level model) to OSMOSE (HTL – high trophic level model). It includes 15 compartments of living organisms, five from the LTL model (i.e. nanophytoplankton, microphytoplankton, nanozooplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and ten from the HTL model (northern krill, southern shortfin squid, European pilchard, European anchovy, European sprat, Atlantic horse mackerel, Atlantic mackerel, blue whiting, European hake and Atlantic bluefin tuna). With the exception of northern krill and European sprat, all HTL...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem modeling; Food web; Fisheries; OSMOSE; Eco3M.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00487/59860/65525.pdf

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) sea surface distributions simulated from a global three-dimensional ocean carbon cycle model
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Aumont, Olivier; Belviso, Sauveur; Monfray, Patrick.
[1] A global model for surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) and particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) (pDMS) distributions is presented. The main goals of this work were to be able to predict the regional distribution of the air-sea fluxes of DMS and to predict eventually their future evolution with climate change. Diagnostic relationships have been established from data sets obtained during the ALBATROSS and EUMELI cruises carried out in the Atlantic Ocean. These equations nonlinearly relate DMS and pDMSP concentrations to chlorophyll concentrations and to the trophic status of surface waters. This model has been embedded in the global ocean carbon cycle model Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace-Ocean Carbon Cycle Model version 2 (ISPL-OCCM2), a simple...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Biogeochemistry; Ecosystem modeling; DMS; Global.
Ano: 2002
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00223/33448/31824.pdf

The Celtic Sea Through Time and Space: Ecosystem Modeling to Unravel Fishing and Climate Change Impacts on Food-Web Structure and Dynamics
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Hernvann, Pierre-yves; Gascuel, Didier; Grüss, Arnaud; Druon, Jean-noël; Kopp, Dorothee; Perez, Ilan; Piroddi, Chiara; Robert, Marianne.
Both trophic structure and biomass flow within marine food webs are influenced by the abiotic environment and anthropogenic stressors such as fishing. The abiotic environment has a large effect on species spatial distribution patterns and productivity and, consequently, spatial co-occurrence between predators and prey, while fishing alters species abundances and food-web structure. In order to disentangle the impacts of the abiotic environment and fishing in the Celtic Sea ecosystem, we developed a spatio-temporal trophic model, specifically an Ecopath with Ecosim with Ecospace model, for the period 1985–2016. In this model, particular attention was paid to the parameterization of the responses of all trophic levels to abiotic environmental changes....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Celtic Sea; Ecosystem modeling; Habitat model; Environment; Ecopath with Ecosim and Ecospace; Primary production; Fishing impact.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00662/77419/79084.pdf

System-Based Assessments—Improving the Confidence in the EIA Process
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Wilson, Jeff; Hinz, Shawn; Coston-guarini, Jennifer; Maze, Camille; Guarini, Jean-marc; Chauvaud, Laurent.
his viewpoint article examines Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practices in developed and transitioning nations, identifies weaknesses, and proposes a new quantitative approach. The literature indicates that there exists little to no standardization in EIA practice, transitioning nations rely on weak scientific impact analyses, and the establishment of baseline conditions is generally missing. The more fundamental issue is that the “receptor”-based approach leads to a qualitative and subjective EIA, as it does not adequately integrate the full measure of the complexity of ecosystems, ongoing project risks, and cumulative impacts. We propose the application of a new framework that aims to ensure full life cycle assessment of impacts applicable to any...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Environmental impact assessment; Ecosystem modeling; Hydrodynamic modeling; Baseline survey; Ecosystem-based environmental assessment; Environmental sensing technology.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00416/52781/53661.pdf

Predicting the consequences of nutrient reduction on the eutrophication status of the North Sea
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lenhart, Hermann-j.; Mills, David K.; Baretta-bekker, Hanneke; Van Leeuwen, Sonja M.; Van Der Molen, Johan; Baretta, Job W.; Blaas, Meinte; Desmit, Xavier; Kuehn, Wilfried; Lacroix, Genevieve; Los, Hans J.; Menesguen, Alain; Neves, Ramiro; Proctor, Roger; Ruardij, Piet; Skogen, Morten D.; Vanhoutte Brunier, Alice; Villars, Monique T.; Wakelin, Sarah L.
In this paper the results from a workshop of the OSPAR Intersessional Correspondence Group on Eutrophication Modelling (ICG-EMO) held in Lowestoft in 2007 are presented. The aim of the workshop was to compare the results of a number of North Sea ecosystem models under different reduction scenarios. In order to achieve comparability of model results the participants were requested to use a minimum spin-up time, common boundary conditions which were derived from a wider-domain model, and a set of common forcing data, with special emphasis on a complete coverage of river nutrient loads. Based on the OSPAR requirements river loads were derived, taking into account the reductions already achieved between 1985 and 2002 for each country. First, for the year 2002,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Eutrophication; Ecosystem modeling; OSPAR Comprehensive Procedure; Eutrophication assessment; North Sea; River nutrient loads; Reduction scenarios.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00003/11391/8054.pdf

The Cumulative Effects of Fishing, Plankton Productivity, and Marine Mammal Consumption in a Marine Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Fu, Caihong; Xu, Yi; Guo, Chuanbo; Olsen, Norm; Grüss, Arnaud; Liu, Huizhu; Barrier, Nicolas; Verley, Philippe; Shin, Yunne-jai.
The marine ecosystem off British Columbia (BC), Canada, has experienced various changes in the last two decades, including reduced lipid-rich zooplankton biomass, increased marine mammals, and deteriorated commercial fisheries, particularly those targeting pelagic species such as Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii). Understanding how stressors interactively and cumulatively affect commercially important fish species is key to moving toward ecosystem-based fisheries management. Because it is challenging to assess the cumulative effects of multiple stressors by using empirical data alone, a dynamic, individual-based spatially explicit ecosystem modeling platform such as Object-oriented Simulator of Marine Ecosystems (OSMOSE) represents a valuable tool to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Cumulative effect; Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Ecological indicator; Ecosystem modeling; Synergism.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00654/76615/77768.pdf

The Ocean Decade: A True Ecosystem Modeling Challenge
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Heymans, Johanna J.; Bundy, Alida; Christensen, Villy; Coll, Marta; De Mutsert, Kim; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Piroddi, Chiara; Shin, Yunne-jai; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Travers-trolet, Morgane.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean Decade; Ecosystem modeling; Climate change; Ecosystem based management (EBM); Sustainable development goals (SDG).
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76379/77386.pdf