Consulta: subjectFacets:"Employment"
Registros recuperados: 99
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 18:05:19

Impacto socioeconómico del programa agua para siempre en comunidades de la cuenca tributaria Las Manzanas, en la región Mixteca.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Santos Hernández, René.
El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar los cambios en la condición social, económica y ambiental que el programa Agua para Siempre ha propiciado en las familias que viven en comunidades de la cuenca tributaria Las Manzanas, para retroalimentar al mismo. El trabajo se realizó en los municipios de Caltepec y Zapotitlán del estado de Puebla; Santiago Chazumba y San Pedro y San Pablo Tequixtepec del estado de Oaxaca; en ocho comunidades que tuvieran más de 20 obras construidas y más de 50 habitantes. Se realizaron 10 entrevistas a profundidad a informantes clave y a técnicos del programa. Mediante un muestreo por cuotas, se aplicaron 35 cuestionarios, se utilizó la técnica de “Bola de nieve”. De los resultados se destaca: en lo económico, se encontró que hay...
Palavras-chave: Capacitación; Empleo; Planeación; Programa; Environment; Employment; Planning; Programme; Training; EDAR; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; Maestría; Ambiente.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/656

National Parks and Protected Areas and the Role for Employment in Tourism and Forest Sectors: a Swedish Case
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fredman, Peter; ETOUR; Mittuniversitetet; Peter.Fredman@etour.se; Sandell, Klas; Karlstad University; Stockholm University; klas.sandell@kau.se.
The development of national parks and other protected areas has been widely promoted because of its potential for regional development in peripheral and sparsely populated areas. The argument is that the economic and social benefits seen in national parks in the USA and UK will also occur in the Swedish context in the form of an increased tourism-related labor market. Our aim was to analyze the possibility of such a development both in light of the policy visions of positive regional and local development and from the adversary point of view that protection of land is making it more difficult for 15 sparsely populated mountain municipalities in Sweden to prosper. We used a database covering the entire population of the area for 1991 to 2001. Our results...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Employment; Forest sector; Forestry; GIS; Restructuring in peripheral areas; Tourism.
Ano: 2010

Revisiting the Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects of Population Growth: a Fundamental but Fading Issue in Modern Scientific, Public, and Political Circles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mora, Camilo; Department of Geography, University of Hawaii; cmora@hawaii.edu.
Reversing ongoing declines in human welfare and biodiversity is at the core of human development. Although numerous institutions and avenues are in place to reverse such trends, there seems to be limited consideration of population growth as an ultimate driver. I review recent studies showing how the issue of population growth has been downplayed and trivialized among scientific fields, which may in part account for the reduced public interest in the issue and in turn the limited will for policy action. Different sources of evidence suggest that population growth could fundamentally affect society, nature, and the climate. Although tackling the issue of overpopulation will suffer from major impediments including scientific motivation, public scientific...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Climate change; Debt; Employment; Population growth; Public outreach.
Ano: 2014

French marine economic data 2009
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kalaydjian, Regis; Daures, Fabienne; Girard, Sophie; Van Iseghem, Sylvie; Levrel, Harold; Mongruel, Remi.
The report presents a survey of marine related activities in France and an assessment of their economic weight in terms of value added and employment estimates. A brief outline of the recent past and present economic situation of these activities, and of their position on international markets is given. The survey presents the commercial sector, including marine resource exploitation, manufacturing activities and services, followed by the public sector, including the Navy, state intervention at sea, coastal environment protection and marine sciences. A summary gives an overall estimation of marine value added and employment.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Economy; Marine; Value added; Employment; Industry; Services.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16145/13628.pdf

Données économiques maritimes françaises 2007
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kalaydjian, Regis.
Launched ten years ago, the biennial publication of the French Maritime Economical Data (DEMF) analyses French maritime activities in their diversity. It assesses their economical importance based on a number of indicators updated on a regular basis. This synthesis of the DEMF 2007 draws the main aspects of the French maritime activities in the form of sectorial index cards providing production, employment and budget data over recent years. The "merchant" sector includes the exploitation of marine resources, the manufacturing and services. The public sector includes Navy, public action, education, coastal environment protection and marine research.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Outlooks; Employment; Value added; Maritime; Economy; Perspectives; Emploi; Valeur ajoutée; Maritime; Economie.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/rapport-6175.pdf

Données économiques maritimes françaises 2016
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kalaydjian, Regis; Girard, Sophie.
The "French Maritime Economic Data" report is periodically published by Ifremer since 1997. It presents an economic assessment of the French maritime activities, their position in the national economy and in the world competition, as well as the significance of non market public services. Maritime activities in the industrial sector are assessed using a standard metrics to facilitate the periodical update of the report: turnover, gross value added, employment, number of enterprises, exports. These indicators are expressed at national level. The public sector is described by annual budgets, number of staff and personnel costs, broken down into the different public policy functions. Regional indicators are provided on activities whenever relevant and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Economie; Concurrence; Croissance; Emploi; Environnement; Europe; France; Industrie; Marin; Maritime; Valeur ajoutée; Secteur public; Services.; Economy; Competition; Employment; Environment; Europe; France; Growth; Industry; Marine; Maritime; Public sector; Value added; Services.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00388/49962/50614.pdf

Données économiques maritimes françaises 2005
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kalaydjian, Regis; Daures, Fabienne; Gaignon, Jean-louis; Girard, Sophie; Guyader, Olivier; Matte, Isabelle; Mongruel, Remi; Perez, Jose; Thebaud, Olivier.
The report presents a survey of marine related activities in France, highlighting recent past trends, present situation and future outlook. The commercial sector includes marine resource exploitation, manufacturing branches and services. The public sector includes the Navy, State services, environmental protection and research. A summary identifies the main factors in the development of marine activities.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Outlook; Employment; Value added; Marine; Economy; Perspectives; Emploi; Valeur ajoutée; Maritime; Économie.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-3919.pdf

Report on existing and potential employment opportunities in the fisheries sector in Seychelles
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Nageon de Lestang, J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fishing; Industrial fish; Fishery industry; Artisanal fisheries; Fishery policies; Employment.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5310

Zöldenergia, klíma, társadalom
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gergely,   Sandor; Magda,   Sandor.
A zöldenergia (energetikai biomassza) előállítható elsődleges, másodlagos és harmadlagos biomasszából. Elsőként a melléktermékeket és hulladékokat célszerű felhasználni, majd pedig a fás és lágy szárú célültetvényeken előállított zöldenergia-hordozókat. A hazai mező- és erdőgazdasági melléktermék és hulladék energetikai célra hasznosítható évi mennyisége 4,9-5,7 millió tonna közötti, amely 40-50%-kal több, mint az évente kitermelt tűzifa. A földgázfűtés kiváltása a helyben keletkezett és/vagy termelt zöldenergia-hordozókkal már ma is gazdaságos, főként abban az esetben, ha települési és/vagy kistérségi logisztikai központ közbeiktatásával történik a zöldenergia-hordozók hasznosítása hőtermelésre. A zöldenergia-hordozók szabályozott körülmények között...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Zöldenergia; Energiahordozók; Fűtés; Faültetvény; Foglalkoztatás; Green energy; Energy resources; Heating; Woody energy plantation; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119935

MULTIPLE JOB-HOLDING AMONG U.S. FARM WOMEN: OFF-FARM WORK AND ON-FARM DECISION-MAKING USING A BARGAINING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Findeis,   Jill L.; Swaminathan,   Hema.
Participation rates for farm women in off-farm labor markets continue to increase, as does their participation in making major farm decisions such as whether to buy or sell land, adopt a new production practice or invest in farm equipment.  Data from the Survey of U.S. Farm Women conducted in 2001 by Penn State in collaboration with researchers at the Economic Research Service and in collaboration with NASS are used to examine the multiple work roles of farm women off the farm and in farming.  Descriptive statistics for the results of the 2001 survey are compared to those from the last major survey of U.S. farm women conducted by Rosenfeld in 1980. Then, using data limited to farm couples, models of job choice considering jointness in participation are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bargaining models; Multiple job-holding; Decision-making; Intergenerational transfer; Farm women; Off-farm employment; Employment; Labor; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19736

Underlying trends in employment-output equation: the case of Jordan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Al-Rabbaie,   Arqam; Alwaked,   Ahmad; Altarawneh,   Yaseen.
The underlying employment trend (UET) is investigated in Jordanian economy over the period 1989- 2004 using structural time series model (STSM). This approach allows to modelling the trend in its stochastic form introduced by Harvey (1989).  The results show that a stochastic trend is preferred to deterministic trend. In addition, the inclusion or exclusion of the conventional deterministic trend leads to overestimated output elasticity. Furthermore, the UET is found to be non-linear, down downward sloping.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Employment; Stochastic trend; Structural time series modelling; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J20.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94571

Methodische  Ansätze  zur  Quantifizierung  der  Arbeitsplatzeffekte  von  Maßnahmen  zur   ländlichen  Entwicklung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margarian,   Anne.
Zusammenfassung: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden mögliche methodische Ansätze zur Beurteilung von Arbeitsplatzeffekten von Fördermaßnahmen für den ländlichen Raum und insbesondere der Integrierten Ländlichen Entwicklung (ILE) vorgestellt und diskutiert. Aufgenommen wurden auch Methoden, deren Eignung für diese spezifischen Bewertungen verneint wird. Aus diesem Grund ist die vorliegende Arbeit nicht nur mit Blick auf die Bewertung der ILE zu lesen, sondern kann auch über mögliche Herangehensweisen an die Bewertung anderer Maßnahmen zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes informieren. Die Diskussion der verschiedenen Methoden zeigt, dass es notwendig ist, die einer Wirkung zugrunde liegenden Zusammenhänge genau zu kennen, um die tatsächliche Wirkung einer...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Wirkungsanalyse; Politik für den ländlichen Raum; Ar­beitsplatzeffekte; Evaluation; Causal analysis; Rural development measures; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C18; C54; R15; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102642

LABOR MARKET LIBERALIZATION, EMPLOYMENT AND GENDER IN RURAL CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Linxiu; de Brauw,   Alan; Rozelle,   Scott.
The major objective of this paper is to discuss the development of rural labor markets in China during the past two decades and understand how it has affected women.  Using household survey data that we collected in 2001, we examine the role of women in labor markets by examining employment and migration trends and changes in wages.  According to the data of our nearly national representative sample, we find that there has been a sharp overall increase in off-farm participation, most of the increase has been driven by young migrants, and women, especially those in the youngest cohorts, have participated at rates equaling or surpassing those of their male counterparts.  We also find that the wages of women have not been adversely affected by the emergence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Labor market liberalization; Employment; Wages; Gender; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25932

Recession in Review: The Alberta Economy and Employment “Weathering the Storm”
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emter,   Nicholas A.
Over the past year and a half, Canada, along with the rest of the world, experienced an economic downturn, the likes of which had not been seen since the Great Depression of the 1930s. After more than a decade of relatively stable economic growth that culminated in the housing market bubble collapse in the U.S., the world financial system, and subsequently the world economy began to fall apart. Massive, previously unseen, fiscal stimulus expenditure in the form of both infrastructure spending and ‘bailouts’ was undertaken in the U.S., and to a lesser degree in Canada, in order to stabilize the banking and financial systems, spur demand, and carry the economy on the path of expansion. Now, in the first months of 2010, many economic indicators indicate that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Recession; Unemployment rate; Participation rate; Employment; EI beneficiaries; Leading indicators; Lagging indicators; Recovery; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60402

Problems in the Labor Export of Western Rural Areas  － A Case Study of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hu,   Bang-Yong.
The thesis gives a brief account of the status of the labor economy in Three Gorges Reservoir area, which indicates that the labor economy in this area has made certain development; characterized by fragile ecology, backward economic development and weak capacity to absorb employment, the Three Gorges Reservoir area is densely populated and has lots of rural surplus labors which needs to be transferred. Then the thesis analyzes the problems in the labor export in this region, which can be manifested in the following aspects: the exported labors are with low quality and single skill; they are narrow-minded and have strong intention for their employment regions; they have low income but high risk to get employed; the government does not provide strong...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Labor export; Employment; Countermeasures; Three Gorges Reservoir area; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97633

Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung integrierter Fördermaßnahmen an der Schnittstelle Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Ländliche Entwicklung im Rahmen der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1257/99
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knickel,   Karlheinz.
EC Regulation 1257/99 of 17 May 1999 underlines the intention of the European Commission of an integrated rural development policy. In this paper the chances are examined that this new policy orientation offers for a more multifunctional agriculture. Possibilities for the implementation of integrated support measures at the interface of agriculture, environment and rural development are presented. First, functional relationships between agriculture and rural development are explored on the basis of three examples. This is followed by a more analytical section on relevant experiences, data and concepts. The significance of 'new', agriculture-related activities in rural areas is underlined. A paradigm shift from volumes and costs of production towards...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Rural development; EC Regulation 1257/99; Rural development programmes; Agricultural policy; Multifunctional agriculture; Value added; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98864

Local Labor Market Conditions and the Jobless Poor: How Much Does Local Job Growth Help in Rural Areas?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Elizabeth E.; Connolly,   Laura S.; Weber,   Bruce A.
The employment outcomes of a group of jobless poor Oregonians are tracked in order to analyze the relative importance of local labor market conditions on their employment outcomes. Local job growth increases the probability that a jobless poor adult will get a job and shortens the length of time until she finds a job. After accounting for both the effects of personal demographic characteristics and local job growth, there is little evidence that the probability of employment or the duration of joblessness differs in rural compared with urban areas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Employment; Local labor markets; Rural labor markets; Rural poverty; Unemployment; Welfare reform; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31060

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND CONVERSION IN THE SOUTHEAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nzaku,   Kilungu; Bukenya,   James O.
Revised version of paper added to AgEcon Search 10/06/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use; Growth equilibrium modeling; Population; Employment; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19456

There's no such thing as free housing for hired agricultural workers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
One-quarter of hired agricultural workers live in housing that is provided without rent. whereas few workers in other industries are provided with rent-free housing as part of their employment compensation. Workers who live in rent-free housing are paid more than comparable agricultural workers. possibly reflecting the low-quality and isolation of such housing.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor; Employment; Rent; Labor and Human Capital; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47043

O impacto do programa de microcrédito rural (Agroamigo) na melhoria das condições de vida das famílias beneficiadas no estado do Ceará: um estudo de caso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maciel,   Harine Matos; Khan,   Ahmad Saeed.
The main objective of the study is to verify the impact of program of small agricultural credit on the quality of life of the benefited families in the state of Ceara. The data was obtained through the application of questionnaires to the benefited families in the county of Quixada. Table, graphic and descriptive analysis were used to describe the collected data. The t-student, Tukey test and Kruskall-Wallis test were used to compare the mean values of selected variables and proportions of benefited and non benefited families were used, respectively. The employment per hectare cultivated is higher on the properties having cattle breeding and hog production activities financed by the credit program. The main of income of benefited and non benefited families...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Small rural credit; Employment; Income; Quality of life; Ceará; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53849

Market Access by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi: Implications for Technology Adoption, Agricultural Productivity, and Crop Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Diagne,   Aliou; Mataya,   Charles.
In Malawi, maize is the major crop and food staple. Given limited off-farm employment opportunities, much-needed increases in household income for improving food security must come from gains in agricultural productivity through better technology and more profitable crops. In the past, agricultural policy promoted hybrid maize and, more recently, tobacco to increase smallholder income. This paper presents an analysis of what determines the adoption of these two crops and what kind of income effects follow from adoption. Apart from factor endowment and exposure to agroecological risks, differences in the household's access to financial and commodity markets significantly influence its cropping shares and farm income.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Non-agricultural; Malawi; Tobacco; Price; Food Security; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97054

Rural America at a Glance, 2010 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.; Hertz,   Thomas.
Rural America At A Glance, 2010 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2010 edition focuses on the U.S. rural economy, including employment trends, poverty, and demographics.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96637

Poverty program participation and employment in timber-dependent counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Costello,   Christopher; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Fortmann,   Louise.
This paper uses cointegrated time-series methods to evaluate the effect of timber employment on participation in a major poverty program-Aid to Families with Dependent Children-Unemployed Parent (AFDC-UP). The study is conducted for major timber-producing counties in California. It is shown that a two-sector structural model can be solved to produce an error-correction model. An error-correction model is estimated with time series on state and county AFDC-UP caseload, state employment, county nontimber employment, and county timber employment. Utilizing tests on the cointegrating space, it is shown that there is no long-run relationship between poverty and timber employment in 10 of the 11 counties studied.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afdc; Economic conditions; Employment; Poverty; Timber; Time-series analysis; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43913

Hiring and managing labor for farms in California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosenberg,   Howard R.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.; Pradhan,   Vijaykumar S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor; Employment; Labor supply; Personnel management; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47278

THE SITUATION OF THE HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL HIGHER EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magda,   Sandor; Herneczky,   Andrea; Marselek,   Sandor; Varga,   Erika.
The knowledge-based, competitive economy places a great emphasis on the education system. The responsibility of higher education is to impart knowledge of high standard which is in harmony with the continuously changing environment. Higher education has a special role in the knowledge-based economy since it does not only have to fulfill educational but also research an innovation tasks. The decrease in the traditional role of agriculture as well as international tendencies facilitate diversification, i.e. the emergence of new roles and the relevant activities. Due to the diversification of agriculture fields like environmental protection, bioenergetics, and rural development have become more emphatic. The growing importance of these new fields is also...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Higher education; Employment; Mobility; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53547

Recursos Humanos no Setor Sucroalcooleiro do Estado de São Paulo, 2006-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fredo,   Carlos Eduardo; Lago Baptistella,   Celma Da Sila; Veiga,   Jose Eduardo Rodrigues; Meloni Vocente,   Maria Carlota; Da Silva,   Valquiria.
Este trabalho analisou o mercado de trabalho do setor sucroalcooleiro, com destaque o perfil sócio-econômico das ocupações envolvidas neste setor, os impactos decorrentes do processo de mecanização por conta das questões ambientais. Apresentou também uma discussão sobre a requalificação e realocação da mão-de-obra. A análise utilizou dados sobre emprego formal do Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (CAGED) e de levantamentos sobre mecanização do Instituto de Economia Agrícola/Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral. Os resultados mostraram que o índice atual de mecanização da área colhida da cana-de-açúcar (41%) no Estado de São Paulo e o baixo nível de instrução dos cortadores de cana revelaram-se pontos relevantes para formulação de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Setor sucroalcooleiro; Emprego; Índice de mecanização; Sucroalcooleiro sector; Employment; Index of mechanization; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102233

FORECASTING FUTURE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD, AGRICULTURE, AND NATURAL RESOURCES HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES USING ADJUSTED BUREAU OF LABOR FORECASTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   K. Wayne; Litzenberg,   Kerry K.
Forecasts of the number of future professionals required for an ongoing safe, efficient US food system are highly important. The demand for adequately prepared higher education graduates must be met by the US Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources Education System. Without accurate forecasts of the human resource needs of the food sector of the economy, adequate professionals may not be available when needed. This research effort makes use of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasted employment opportunities. The estimation of professionals required in the food and agriculture sectors of the economy is developed by selecting and manipulating data from the BLS model that is relevant to food and agriculture careers. These forecasts of needed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Employment opportunities; Food; Agriculture; Natural resources; Directed graphs; Education; Bureau of labor; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23999

EMPLOYMENT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY IN GERMANY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus.
Paper prepared for presentation at the 8th ICABR International Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology: International Trade and Domestic Production Ravello (Italy), July 8 to 11th, 2004
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Employment; Germany; Application industries; Simulation; Labor and Human Capital; E24; J21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91012

Enhancing contributions of the informal sector to National development: The case of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muwonge,   Abdu; Obwona,   Marios; Nambwaayo,   Victoria.
Regardless of the definition of the informal sector, there is wide spread consensus that the sector is important to the developing world. The International Lab-our Organization estimated that in 1990, 21 percent of the Sub-Saharan Africa's 227 million labour force was working in the informal economy. As the informal sector continued to grow both in urban and rural areas, there was a decline or stagnation in the growth of formal employment. The informal sector's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) is increasing, although not much is known in most countries because the sector hardly enters the official statistical records. This study analyzes Uganda's informal sector size, contribution, formal-informal sector linkages, causes, constraints and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Employment; Informal markets; EPRC; Muwonge; Nambwaayo; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93813

EMPLOYMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS AND PURCHASES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: THE EFFECTS OF MONETIZATION IN YUGOSLAVIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan; Garcia,   Roberto J.
Efforts to stabilized employment and output in the agricultural sector of Yugoslavia through monetization contributed to inflationary pressures. Granger causality tests suggested that increases in the rate of growth in the supply of money to subsidize state-owned agribusiness were insufficient to maintain purchases of wheat and corn, but did cause purchases of cattle and swine. This result may be explained by producers having more flexibility in grain marketing (i.e., storage options and private buyers) and the perishability issues related to livestock marketing. The policy to maintain employment through monetization is shown to have been ineffective.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Employment; Granger causality; Inflation; Money supply; State purchases; Yugoslavia; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15123

NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE STATE ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The lignite energy industry of North Dakota has become a significant force in the state's economy since the energy crisis of the 1970s. Key economic measures of the industry's contribution to the state's economy have been estimated annually since 1982. Industry expenditures peaked in 1995 at $543.8 million, excluding the early 1980s when significant plant expansion was occurring. Annual expenditures have been over $400 million since the early 1990s and were $464.9 million in 1998, the most recent year of the analysis. Lignite energy related expenditures were applied to the input- output multipliers to estimate levels of business activity. Personal income resulting from the industry was estimated at $490.5 million in 1998, with retail sales at $320.6...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lignite energy; Economic contribution; Personal income; Retail sales; Tax revenue; Employment; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23102

The Food and Fiber System: Contributing to the U.S. and World Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lipton,   Kathryn L.
Even though farming accounts for only about 1 percent of the total national workforce, it is at the core of the food and fiber system. The system is one of the largest sectors in the U.S. economy, and is comprised of industries related to farming, including feed, seed, fertilizer, machinery, food processing, manufacturing, and exporting. The interrelationships among the sectors of the food and fiber system and the U.S. and world economies are many and complex. As a result, U.S. and world policies and economic factors--such as interest and inflation rates--play a critical role in everything from the cost and availability of farm credit to the demand for farm products at home and abroad. The farm crisis of the 1980's illustrates how specific economic events...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farming; Food and fiber system; Industries; Gross domestic product; Income; Employment; Input/output analysis; Agricultural trade; Rural economy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33761

Trade and employment linkages in Indonesian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Oktaviani,   Rina.
Trade negotiators are concerned about the possible negative effects of trade liberalisation on employment in specific sectors. The agricultural sector has characteristics that make it different from industrial or service sectors. These are an informal labour force, low productivity, relative absence of regulations and a tie to land. These characteristics help the sector adjust to trade shocks. In this application, a global computable general equilibrium model is used to determine trade shocks that are passed to a single country general equilibrium model to analyse employment and wage effects for four skills levels in Indonesian agriculture. Employment tends to move with output in the primary agricultural sector where capital-labour substitution is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Agriculture; Trade; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F16; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100724

Bioenergy production in Finland and its effects on regional growth and employment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simola,   Antti; Kinnunen,   Jouko; Torma,   Hannu; Kola,   Jukka.
Finnish national climate and energy strategy sets the share of renewables in energy use to 38%, and a significant amount of this should be covered by biomass based energy. In 2020 forestry is set to contribute 24 TWh and agriculture 4-5 TWh to energy production. In particular, bioenergy resources are considerable in the rural areas. However, the regional aspects have gone without investigation before this study.   This study is a general equilibrium analysis. We considered only the by-products and waste material from agriculture and forestry as the resources for bioenergy, and only heat and power production were considered as the potential end uses. A regional CGE-model (RegFinDynBio) was used to analyse the impact of increased use of bioenergy potential....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy; Agriculture and forestry; Regional economy; Growth; Employment; CGE-modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90820

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2009 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2009 report begins with a special feature which describes indicators to benchmark competitiveness of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector at the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Competitiveness; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59885

The Impact of Agricultural Growth on Rural Non-Farm Incomes and Employment in Alabama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brazil,   LaTravis; Bukenya,   James O.
The rural nonfarm economy is the backbone of the economy of numerous small towns scattered throughout the Black Belt region, as well as the primary source of income and employment. Seen in this light, the rural nonfarm economy will play a key role in determining future prospects for employment growth and poverty alleviation in the Alabama Black Belt region. The objective in this paper therefore is to examine the importance of rural-urban growth linkages with a focus on the Black Belt region and estimate agricultural growth multipliers. The analysis uses cross-section data to estimate econometrically the indirect rural employment and income generated by agricultural growth. Two major sections address the study objective. The first examines the importance,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural-Urban Linkages; Counties; Multipliers; Employment; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56482

Effects of CAP reform on regional employment in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helming,   John F.M.; Verhoog,   A. David; van Meijl,   Hans; Nowicki,   Peter.
CAP reform affects employment in the agricultural sector as well as in other sectors of the regional economy through changes in regional and sectoral competitiveness and resulting re-allocation of fixed resources. However, analysis of the relationship between CAP reform and total regional employment for the EU as a whole are scarce. In this paper a rather ad-hoc method is proposed to fill this gap. Both the CAPRI model and the LEITAP model is used. Both models are linked through an econometrically estimated and scenario specific relationship between agricultural income and employment in LEITAP. LEITAP is also used to analyse the employment changes at regional level in the rest of the economy. LEITAP results are regionalized using sectoral employment shares...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Employment; Model linking; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44373

Enhancing contributions of the informal sector to national development: The case of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muwonge,   Abdu; Obwona,   Marios; Nambwaayo,   Victoria.
This study analyzes Uganda's informal sector size, contribution, formal-informal sector linkages, causes, constraints, and policies aimed at formalizing or enhancing its contribution. The methodology used involved a review of relevant policy documents, including UBOS's survey reports on the informal sector. Of particular relevance are the 2002/03 household survey (UNHS) which incorporated an informal sector module and the 2000/2001 Uganda Business Inquiry (UBI) and the 2001/2002 Uganda Business Register. the household surveys documenting the informal sector in Uganda define the informal sector as an enterprise employing less than 5 persons...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Muwonge; EPRC; Employment; Job seekers; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54711

Exchange Rate Uncertainty and Labour Market Adjustment under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Yu-Fu; Funke,   Michael.
The standard literature on working time has modelled the decisions of firms in a deterministic framework in which firms can choose between employment and overtime (given mandated standard hours). Contrary to this approach, we follow the real options approach, which allows us to investigate the value to a firm of waiting to adjust labour when the firm´s revenues in domestic currency are stochastic and adjustment costs are sunk. The simulations reject the null hypothesis that all exchange rate regimes obey common employment adjustment thresholds.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real Option Theory; Uncertainty; Working Time; Employment; Labour Demand; Exchange Rates; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; D81; E24; J23; F31.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26287

El beneficio de los caminos rurales: ampliando oportunidades de ingreso para los pobres
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Ponce,   Carmen.
Muchos estudios han evaluado los beneficios de los caminos rurales concentrándose en la reducción de costos monetarios y de tiempo en que los pobladores incurren para acceder a mercados de bienes e insumos o a servicios públicos clave. Esta investigación complementa dicho enfoque con una evaluación del impacto de este tipo de infraestructura sobre indicadores clave de bienestar como el ingreso y el gasto de los hogares atendidos. Con una muestra de hogares rurales de algunos de los distritos más pobres del Perú, este estudio compara hogares conectados a caminos rurales rehabilitados con hogares control cuidadosamente escogidos, mediante técnicas de propensity score matching. Los resultados muestran que las mejoras en la infraestructura rural de transporte...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carreteras; Ingresos de hogares; Empleo; Zonas rurales; Peru; Roads; Household income; Employment; Rural areas; Peru; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H54; P25; J17; R2; J2.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37750

¿Cómo se ajusta el mercado de trabajo ante cambios en el salario mínimo en el Perú?: una evaluación de la experiencia de la última década
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaramillo,   Miguel; Lopez,   Kristian.
Luego de alcanzar un pico histórico en 1986, el salario mínimo sufrió una caída estrepitosa, junto con el nivel medio de las remuneraciones, hasta inicios de los noventas. Sin embargo, desde mediados de los noventas se ha incrementado considerablemente, acercándose al nivel promedio de las remuneraciones tanto de trabajadores no calificados como de informales. Este estudio describe el marco institucional del salario mínimo en el mercado laboral peruano y analiza su relación con la distribución de los ingresos laborales para diferentes grupos del mercado laboral (trabajadores no calificados, informales, mujeres y jóvenes). Así mismo, aprovecha las variaciones recientes para identificar los efectos de un alza sobre las remuneraciones y el empleo a lo largo...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Empleo; Salarios; Salario mínimo; Mercado de trabajo; Perú; Employment; Wages; Minumum wage; Labour market; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; J3; J4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37728

¿Crisis real o crisis de expectativas?: el empleo en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saavedra Chanduvi,   Jaime.
En esta investigación se analizan los mecanismos de ajuste del mercado de trabajo entre 1986 y 1997. Luego de un estancamiento del empleo entre 1988 y 1992, periodo recesivo en el cual el mercado de trabajo se ajustó a través de una reducción en los ingresos reales y una menor tasa de participación laboral, a partir de 1993, el empleo empezó a crecer junto con el nivel de actividad económica. El mercado de trabajo fue capaz de absorber el aumento de la oferta de empleo en ese periodo. El aumento del empleo fue generado íntegramente por el sector privado, ya que el empleo público se redujo. Sin embargo, hay grupos demográficos específicos, como los hombres de mayor edad, para quienes el crecimiento del empleo ha sido muy pequeño, y las probabilidades de...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Empleo; Desempleo; Ingreso; Mercado de trabajo; Sector informal; Ajuste estructural; Employment; Unemployment; Income; Labour market; Informal sector; Structural adjustment; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; E24; D31; J2; J4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37981

Agriculture’s contribution to rural viability: An approach to estimate regional economic impacts of agricultural policy in Swiss case study regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kopainsky,   Birgit; Flury,   Christian; Giuliani,   Gianluca.
This paper develops a thorough yet easily implementable approach to measuring agriculture’s contribution to rural viability. The approach is based on input-output modelling. It adopts a number of concepts from input-output modelling such as determining the explicit geographical origin of input requirements and the geographical destination of farm household expenditures without formerly developing an input-output table. The approach is applied to four case studies in the Swiss mountain regions and tested for three scenarios. Our results clarify the role that agriculture still plays in the context of rural viability. They demonstrate that agriculture’s contribution to rural viability differs considerably between the case study regions and that future...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural viability; Employment; Added value; Agricultural production; Input requirements; Farm household expenditures; Agricultural and rural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6483

A megújuló energiaforrások szerepe és hatásai a hazai agrárgazdaságban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magda,   Robert.
Összességében megállapítható, hogy Magyarországon az elmúlt fél évszázadban rendkívül megnőtt az energiafelhasználás, ami többnyire a fosszilis tüzelőanyagokból nyert energiára alapult. Ez arra készteti a jelen és a jövő kor társadalmát, hogy törekedjen a rendelkezésre álló megújuló energiaforrások felhasználásának előtérbe helyezésére, melyek használata a fenntarthatóság és a versenyképesség szempontjából sem elhanyagolható, hiszen ismert, hogy napjaink egyik kritikus költségtényezőjét adják az energiaköltségek. A megoldásban jelentős szerep hárul a vidéki társadalmakra, mert hiába történik az energiafelhasználás zöme az urbanizált területeken, az energia-előállítás, kitermelés a vidékre koncentrálódik. A fosszilis tüzelőanyagok korlátaiból adódóan új...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Energiafüggőség; Megújuló energiahordozók; Biomassza; Foglalkoztatás; Energy dependence; Renewable energy; Biomass; Employment; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119936

Regional Economic Impacts of Florida's Agricultural and Natural Resource Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodges,   Alan W.; Mulkey,   W. David.
The state of Florida has large industries producing fruits and vegetables, sugar, livestock, dairy and meat products, seafood, ornamental plants, forest products, phosphate rock, and an array of associated industries that provide supporting inputs and services, and conduct processing and manufacturing. There are distinct differences in the regional distribution of Florida's agricultural and natural resource industries. Economic characteristics and impacts were evaluated for the state of Florida and for eight separate regions of Florida. Each region is comprised of a core metropolitan area and a number of surrounding counties, as defined by the US Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis, based on employee commuting patterns and other factors. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Florida; Agriculture and natural resource industries; Economic impact; Functional economic region; Output; Value added; Employment; Input-output models; Multiplier; Implan; Agribusiness; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15702

The U.S. Farm Labor Market Post-IRCA: An Assessment of Employment Patterns, Farm Worker Earnings and Legal Status
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walters,   Lurleen M.; Napasintuwong,   Orachos; Iwai,   Nobuyuki; Emerson,   Robert D.
Immigration reform may significantly impact the specialty crops sector since more than half of the workforce is foreign-born and undocumented.  Based on data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey, the trends pertaining to workers' legal status, employment and wage rates in the U.S. and Florida farm labor markets are examined.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Immigration reform; Legal status; Specialty crops; Employment; Wage rates.; Labor and Human Capital; J430.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35449

National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paggi,   Mechel S.; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Adcock,   Flynn J.; Hanselka,   Daniel D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Trade; Output; Employment; Exports; International Relations/Trade; Q10; Q11; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104208

Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2008 edition focuses on employment, poverty, population change, and demographic characteristics of nonmetro areas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Employment; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59019

The Impact of Trade Costs on Firm Entry, Exporting, and Survival in Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Sooil; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This study uses a unique firm-level dataset to examine how falling trade costs from 1993-2001 affected entry, exit, productivity, and exporting in the Korean manufacturing sector.  We verify many of the predictions of recent heterogeneous-firm models of international trade.  For example, falling trade costs reduced entry by new Korean firms, increased their probability of exit, and reduced the market share of surviving firms.  We also find that small firms had a particularly high level of dynamism over the sample period.  Small firms were more likely to enter and exit, and marginally more likely to gain market share, enter export markets for the first time, and improve their productivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Employment; Exit; Exports; Firm deaths; Survival; Trade costs; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49185

Az egykulcsos személyi jövedelemadó várható hatásai az agrárfoglalkoztatásra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horvath,   Gabor; Paragi,   Marton.
A személyi jövedelemadó rendszert érintő 2011. évi változásokkal kapcsolatban elhangzott vélemények és értékelések rendkívül egysíkúak. A változások és az eredmények bemutatásakor az adózó magánszemélyt állították a középpontba, a magánszemélyeket érő pozitív és negatív hatásokat összevetve, s így mérleget vonva. Az intézkedések gazdaságpolitikai dimenzióit ugyanakkor figyelmen kívül hagyták: az ágazati szinten megnyilvánuló hatások számszerűsítése, illetve a makrogazdasági következmények összegzése és bemutatása nem történt meg. Az szja-változásokból fakadó nettóbér-csökkenést a munkáltatóknak kompenzálniuk kell. Az intézkedéssel jól járó munkavállalók ugyanakkor kizárólagosan élvezik nettó bérük növekményének hasznát. Ez ágazati szinten azt jelenti, hogy...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Egykulcsos személyi jövedelemadó; Munkavállalók; Munkáltatók; Foglalkoztatás; Single rate income tax; Employee; Employer; Employment; Financial Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119893

Effects of Economic Globalisation on Employment Trend and Wages in Developing Countries: Lessons from Nigeria Experiences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elijah,   Obayelu Abiodun.
Since 1986, Nigeria has gradually been integrating with the global economy. This paper examines the effect of globalization on employment and wages in Nigeria. The effects of globalization have been difficult to isolate and evaluate theoretically and empirically due to it multi-faceted nature, but this study attempt to analyse the effects on employment and employeesâ€™ wages by looking at what happened before, during and after globalization in Nigeria. Information and data were mainly gathered through secondary sources, The results of  the analysis shows that globalisation of the Nigeria economy through various economic reforms, deregulation and privatisation has led to downsizing of employment in civil service thereby compounding the widespread job...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Labour market; Employment; Wages; Developing countries and Nigeria; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7433

MULTIPLICADORES DE EMPREGO E RENDA DA INDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA DE AÇÚCAR EM 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kureski,   Ricardo; Maia,   Katy; Rodrigues,   Rossana Lott; Hardt,   Letica Peret Antunes.
Este artigo apresenta os multiplicadores de empregos e renda diretos, indiretos e induzidos da economia brasileira, dando ênfase para a indústria de açúcar. O primeiro passo para a realização do trabalho foi estimar a matriz de  insumo-produto do Brasil para 2004. Estimou-se que para cada 1  milhão de reais de aumento na demanda agregada a indústria de açúcar cria 27 empregos e 264,1 mil reais em renda. Aplicando-se esses multiplicadores ao valor da demanda final da indústria de açúcar, o resultado foram 118,2 mil empregos e 3.839 milhões de reais de renda, considerando os efeitos diretos, indiretos e induzidos. ----------------------------------------------This article presents the inducement of direct and indirect employment and income multiplier, of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indústria; Açúcar; Multiplicadores; Emprego; Renda; Industry; Sugar; Multipliers; Employment; Income; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109721

A közvetlen agrártámogatások feltételezett csökkentésének becsült hatásai Magyarországon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorgai,   Laszlo; Udovecz,   Gabor.
A 2013 utáni időszakra szóló KAP-reform keretében egyes tagállamok máris felvetették a közvetlen termelői támogatások jelentős csökkentését. Acikk 2006. évi támogatási és jövedelmi adatok alapján azt vizsgálja, hogy egy drasztikus, 50 százalékos támogatáscsökkenésnek milyen hatásai valószínűsíthetők, ha a termelés egyéb feltételei nem változnának. Az elemzés szerint egy ilyen lépésnek Magyarországon sokrétű és rendkívül hátrányos következményei lennének, nemcsak a mezőgazdaságra, hanem az egész nemzetgazdaságra, különösképpen pedig a vidéki foglalkoztatási viszonyokra és a természeti környezetre nézve. Minden szempontból hátrányosan érintené általában a vidéket, különösen a lemaradó és stagnáló kistérségeket, továbbá a kedvezőtlen adottságú területeket,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Mezőgazdaság; Közvetlen támogatások; Számszerűsített hatások; Üzemi eredmény; Foglalkoztatottság; Agriculture; Direct aid; Quantified effects; Operating profit; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92474

EVOLUÇÃO RECENTE DO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO BRASIL (1995-2006)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toneto Junior,   Rudinei; Liboni,   Lara Bartocci.
The recent expansion of the sugar and ethanol industries has raised some concerns regarding a number of issues. One major concern is with the quality of employment, the level of remuneration, the presence of child labor, the low qualification of the workers, informality and the high presence of temporary workers, among others. The objective of this study is to analyze the main employment characteristics in this sector to establish whether, in fact, its expansion will cause a deterioration of employment quality in the country. The work is based on information obtained from government databases (RAIS and PNAD). In the case of agricultural activities, the sugar cane labor market is compared to that of other cultures: soybean, maize, rice, meat, etc. And in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Employment; Sugar and ethanol industry; Perspectives.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61746

The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990’s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D’Amuri,   Francesco; Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Peri,   Giovanni.
We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990’s had no adverse effects on native wages and employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact that, after controlling for education and experience levels, native and migrant workers appear to be imperfect substitutes whereas new and old immigrants exhibit perfect substitutability. Our analysis suggests that if the German labor market were as ‘flexible’ as the UK labor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Skill Complementarities; Employment; Wages; Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J61; J31.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6384

Classification of the EU countries labour markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaba,   Bohumil.
The objective of the paper is to classify the labour markets of the EU member states on the basis of selected employment and unemployment indicators. In order to achieve the study target, the adequate multivariate exploration procedures have been chosen. In the first part of processing original data, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed. PCA is a multivariate statistical procedure used to reduce the number of observed variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables with a minimum loss of information. Moreover, the PCA results can be used for effective ranking of the EU countries according to observed indicators of labour markets. This paper describes the crucial steps in PCA and procedure for ranking mentioned and it reviews how...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Classification; Employment; Unemployment; Principal component analysis; Cluster; International Development; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99227

Rural America At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Update of an annual series, the 2009 edition of Rural America At A Glance deals with effects of the major recession on rural America. Initially, effects of the recession were mitigated in nonmetro areas by high commodity prices throughout much of 2008, but as the recession deepened, prices fell. Both nonmetro and metro areas experienced rising unemployment as manufacturing and other major employment sectors contracted, and they were similarly affected by the mortgage foreclosure crisis. However, even before the current recession, nonmetro poverty rates had risen in the growth years after the 2001 recession, against the usual trend during a time of economic expansion; the nonmetro poverty rate has exceeded the national poverty rate since 2001. The nonmetro...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Housing markets; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59017

THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA: ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry.
This paper summarizes the general condition of the North Dakota economy and the outlook for the next few years, addressing recent and projected changes in employment, personal income, and population. Forces affecting the growth and decline of various economic sectors are discussed, and specific examples of new or expanding firms in various economic sectors are presented. Differences in economic performance among regions of the state and between urban and rural areas are examined, and major factors affecting the state's economy over the next two to five years are explored.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic outlook; North Dakota; Employment; Income; Population; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23078

THE IMPACT OF THE 1990s ECONOMIC BOOM ON LESS-EDUCATED WORKERS IN RURAL AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Elizabeth E.; Bosley,   Stacie A.
This article uses National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) data to investigate the impact of local labor market conditions on the employment and earnings of rural non-college-educated workers. The results suggest that local economic conditions in the late 1990s did have a positive impact on wages, and the effect is larger for workers with no more than a high school degree compared to their college-educated counterparts. Further, there is evidence of a difference between rural and urban labor markets, suggesting that the 1990s boom helped urban less-educated workers but not those in rural areas. The rural/urban difference is most apparent for male workers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Local labor markets; NLSY79; Rural; Unemployment; Wages; Wage curve; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18918

Local Effects of Hog Production on Farm and Non-Farm Economic Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.; Hertz,   Thomas.
In the past 20 years the average scale of hog operations has expanded more than fourfold, and some of the new large-scale hog feeding operations have been opposed by residents in some communities. While the environmental effects of such production have been relatively well studied, less examined are its potential positive effects on local labor markets and economies.  Existing estimates based on production-function and input-output analysis imply that each additional 1000 hogs in inventory in a county generates between 3 and 7 local jobs.  In this paper we adopt an econometric approach instead, to estimate the effects of changes in hog production on changes in both farm and non-farm outcomes. We find that total county employment increases by less than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Employment; Income; Hogs; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61463

The effects of work histories on agricultural wages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hashida,   Emiko; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural wages; Employment; Off-farm employment; Unemployment; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47282

Una medición del impacto del Programa de Capacitación Laboral Juvenil PROJoven
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nopo,   Hugo; Robles,   Miguel; Saavedra,   Jaime.
El presente documento presenta una medición de impacto del programa de capacitación laboral juvenil PROJoven. Se utilizó información socio-laboral de una muestra de beneficiarios y un conjunto de individuos que conformaron el grupo de control. Esta información fue recogida antes de iniciados los cursos de capacitación de la sexta convocatoria (línea de base) y después de seis meses de concluido el programa por parte de los jóvenes beneficiarios (primera medición de salida). La muestra total de beneficiarios disponible para la evaluación fue de 1,018, representando poco menos del 30% del total de jóvenes atendidos en la sexta convocatoria de PROJoven. Asimismo, se contó con información para 1,561 potenciales controles, es decir, individuos que poseen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Empleo; Juventud; Programas de capacitación; Análisis costo-beneficio; Perú; Employment; Youth; Training programmes; Cost-benefit analysis; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; J21.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37757

Multifunctional Agriculture: The Effect of Non-Public Goods on Socially Optimal Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ollikainen,   Markku; Lankoski,   Jussi E.
We develop a general framework for multifunctional agriculture, which includes not only public goods but also rural viability as a non-public good item. We contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we demonstrate how the broader definition of multifunctional agriculture differs from the agri-environmental multifunctionality, and how agri-environmental policy should be reformed to include these aspects. We show that rural viability entails adjusting fertilizer tax and buffer strip subsidy below their first-best Pigouvian levels to reflect the direct and indirect employment effects of agricultural production. Moreover, we show that when non-agricultural land use is present, an additional, non-agricultural instrument is needed to adjust the amount of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Employment; Nutrient runoffs; Rural viability; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24611

Az Észak-alföldi Régió agrárfoglalkoztatási helyzete az országos adatok tükrében
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beresne,   Martha Bernadett.
A globális pénzügyi és a kibontakozó gazdasági válság időszakában a munkanélküliség jelenti a legsúlyosabb társadalmi és szociális problémát az Európai Unióban és hazánkban is. A tanulmány az országos adatok és folyamatok tükrében az Észak-alföldi Régió munkanélküliséggel kapcsolatos problémáit tárja fel, különös tekintettel az agrárfoglalkoztatás helyzetére. A kutatás egyik legfontosabb következtetése, hogy minél nagyobb a munkanélküliség az adott térségben, annál nagyobb a munkanélküliek között a mezőgazdasági tevékenységgel foglalkozók aránya, azaz a mezőgazdaság szociális ellátó funkciója ezen körzetekben különösen fontos szerepet játszik. A másik fontos megállapítás, hogy a mezőgazdasági munkanélküliség mérséklése érdekében az eddiginél jóval nagyobb...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Mezőgazdaság; Foglalkoztatás; Egyéni gazdaságok; Észak-Alföld; Agriculture; Employment; Private farms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92415

A globális gazdasági válság és a magyarországi agrárgazdaság kilátásai
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magda,   Sandor; Magda,   Robert.
A tanulmány a globális pénzügyi és gazdasági válság klímaváltozás – fenntart¬hatóság – globalizáció rendszerébe illesztve olyan változásokat javasol – előnyt kovácsolva a kényszerből –, melyek számolnak a tényleges helyzettel és viszonylag kisebb áldozatokkal, valamint kockázattal megvalósíthatók. Ennek lényege tömören a termőföld-hasznosítás tudatos arányváltásai, a foglalkoztatás bővítése, integrációk szervezése és az oktatás korszerűsítése. Ajavasoltak nem veszélyeztetik hazánk élelmiszer-ellátásának biztonságát, de csökkentik az agrárágazatok, a vidék energiaköltségeit, energiafüggőségét, új munkahelyeket teremtenek, javítják a mezőgazdaságból és a vidéken élők anyagi körülményeit, hozzájárulnak az ország energiafüggőségének csökkenéséhez, így a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Válság; Földhasználat; Foglalkoztatás; Zöldenergia; Oktatás; Crisis; Land use; Employment; Green energy; Education; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92424

Measuring the Economic Impact of Tourism and Special Events: Lessons from Mississippi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Myles,   Albert E.; Carter,   Rachael.
With the use of this dynamic spreadsheet model, tourism managers can gain valuable insight into tourism and special events.  This insight can help them plan future events or evaluate whether the costs of producing these events are justified by the benefits.  Visitor spending from outside the county creates direct sales in the local economy.  Each dollar of direct sales adds indirect and induced spending in the county.  Besides these impacts, visitor spending produces labor income and jobs for residents in the county.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic impact; Activity; Event; Employment; Income; Sales; And tax revenues direct; Indirect; And total impact; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46857

Some characteristics of multiple job holding by New Zealand farm men and women
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Nick; McClintock,   Wayne.
Previous research indicates a high level of multiple job holding amongst New Zealand farm men and women. Interviews of sixty farm men and women holding multiple jobs in the Ashburton District in 2003 were part of a larger research programme. Respondents identified a wide range of work undertaken in addition to farm work. They are tending to hold these jobs longer term, showing multiple job holding amongst is established as a feature of farm households. Reasons for holding multiple jobs are complex, with a range of social and economic benefits identified. Although there are effects on work-life balance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farming; Employment; Pluriactivity; Social change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97775

All it takes is confidence: job search confidence and farm workers' wages, benefits, and working conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabbard,   Susan M.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor; Agricultural wages; Employment; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47280

Immigration, Offshoring and American Jobs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Peri,   Giovanni; Wright,   Greg C.
How many "American jobs" have U.S.-born workers lost due to immigration and offshoring? Or, alternatively, is it possible that immigration and offshoring, by promoting cost-savings and enhanced efficiency in firms, have spurred the creation of jobs for U.S. natives? We consider a multi-sector version of the Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) model with a continuum of tasks in each sector and we augment it to include immigrants with heterogeneous productivity in tasks. We use this model to jointly analyze the impact of a reduction in the costs of offshoring and of the costs of immigrating to the U.S. The model predicts that while cheaper offshoring reduces the share of natives among less skilled workers, cheaper immigration does not, but rather reduces the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Production tasks; Immigrants; Offshoring; Labor and Human Capital; F22; F23; J24; J61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98462

The Guatemala Community Day Care Program: An Example of Effective Urban Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruel,   Marie T.; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Hallman,   Kelly K.; de la Briere,   Benedicte; Coj de Salazar,   Nora.
The community daycare programs currently under way in several Latin American countries seek to promote human capital formation while relieving one of the most pressing constraints faced by working parents, especially mothers—access to reliable and affordable childcare. This research report presents the results of an evaluation of Guatemala’s Community Day Care program, which offers poor families a package of services to promote child nutrition, socialization, and development, under the condition that parents engage in income-generating activities outside the home. The program was created in the early 1990s as a response to the changing needs of the growing urban population. Given Guatemala’s rising rates of urbanization, the growing importance of formal...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Day care centers; Guatemala; Evaluation; Child care services; Nutrition; Urban women; Employment; Work and family; Hogares Communitarios Program; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37886

Employment, Income and Labour Supply Decision of Rural Households : An Economic Analysis of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devi,   T. Sivasakthi; Balasubramanian,   R.; Kumar,   B. Ganesh.
In India, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGMGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes. It provides guaranteed employment to the rural households for 100 days in a year. This paper has attempted to find out the employment status, income and labour supply decision of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu. It has also studied the household nutritional security of these households. The study has revealed that the number of migrants in the family, number of livestock units owned, and number of person-days employed in agriculture, nonagriculture and MGNREGS are significantly influenced by the household income of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. The analysis of household...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: MGNREGS; Employment; Income; Labour supply; Agricultural and Food Policy; J21; J22; H23; I31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119400

Features of Urban Food and Nutrition Security and Considerations for Successful Urban Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruel,   Marie T.; Garrett,   James L.
In this paper we discuss the wide disparities that exist in childhood malnutrition, food insecurity and livelihoods within urban areas which, when combined with the mobility of urban residents, add to the complexity of designing, targeting and implementing urban programmes. Livelihood security in urban areas is dependent on cash income, especially for food expenditures, and hence employment.  For women, employment brings about the need for support with childcare; we analyse a programme that provides the double benefit of delivering affordable and reliable childcare for extended hours, and allowing women to secure a more formal employment and obtaining employment benefits. Other factors that need to be considered in shaping urban programmes include land and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Urban food security; Food expenditures; Employment; Childcare; Urban programming; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12002

Rural Employment At A Glance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.; Parker,   Timothy S.
Rural Employment At A Glance is a six-page brochure that highlights the most recent indicators of employment and unemployment in rural areas. It documents changes and differences in metro and nonmetro employment growth, unemployment, earnings per job, and occupational mix, as well as differences across nonmetro areas by location and county type.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Employment; Unemployment; Metro; Nonmetro; Rural; Urban; Earnings; Occupation; Employment growth; Unemployment rate; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59021

Poverty and Employment in Timber-Dependent Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Costello,   Christopher; Fortmann,   Louise; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.
One of the most controversial aspects of federal and state policies aimed at protecting old-growth ecosystems has been the potential impact of job losses on local economies. A fundamental question for historically timber-dependent communities is whether these policies will result in local economic stagnation and enduring pockets of poverty. In this paper, we examine the long-run impact of changes in timber-related employment on other types of employment and participation in major federal poverty programs. We use monthly, multi-county time series data to estimate a vector autoregressive model of the experience of northern California counties during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that employment base multiplier effects of timber employment on other types of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest policy; Poverty; Employment; Time series; Food Security and Poverty; Q23; O15; R11; R15.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10831

THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA:  ECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC, PUBLIC SERVICE, AND FISCAL CONDITIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
This report is a compilation of North Dakota data.  It is a general reference about socioeconomic conditions and trends in selected economic, demographic, public service, and fiscal variables.  Data describing the state's economic base, population, income, employment, retail sales, human and financial resources, local government finance, health and safety, and housing are presented.     Data are presented and compared at the county level, the state planning region level, and by metropolitan status.  In addition, population, trade area population, taxable sales and purchases, and pull factors are presented at the municipal level.  Graphic displays follow the tabular presentations of the data at the county and state planning region level.  All of the data...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: North Dakota; Socioeconomic trends; Economic base; Employment; Population; Migration; Public service availability; Community resources; Fiscal conditions; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23075

The growing of vegetables, one of the strategic possibility of the Hungarian agricultural improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bene,   Csaba; Marselek,   Sandor.
The development of market-gardening can be one of the hopeful possibilities of the agriculture; the function is still competitive but its competitiveness is decreasing. It is national, consumer and economic interest to improve the sector as the unemployment in the countryside can also be reduced. During the producing we must attach the importance to the quality as in the EU only that farmer can suit the requirements who can usually deliver reliable quality product. The sector is deficient in funds, so the technical, innovative and logistic improvement hung behind the requests. This fact has to be changed. Our advantageous conditions open the door to increase production output and to use the logistic possibilities thanked to our geographical location. An...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Production; Competitiveness; Organization; Income; Employment; Termelés; Versenyképesség; Szervezettség; Jövedelem; Foglalkoztatás; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92537

Economic Contribution of the Petroleum Industry to North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic contribution of crude oil and natural gas exploration, extraction, transportation, and processing in North Dakota in 2005.  Primary data for the study came from three separate surveys of firms involved with various aspects of the petroleum industry.     Exploration, the process of finding mineral resources, was estimated to have direct impacts (in-state expenditures) of $445.1 million.  Extraction, the process of developing and recovering mineral resources, had direct impacts of $909.6 million.  The processing sector of the industry, which included pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas, had $132 million in direct impacts.  The North Dakota Input-Output Model was used to estimate the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Petroleum; North Dakota; Economic impact; Employment; Tax revenues; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7635

Empirical research findings on telework: Management experiences and attitudes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forgacs,   Tamas.
Based on the technological progress and the complex work processes of our increasingly globalised world, novel ways of organising work can be seen everywhere. The EU has defined atypical forms of employment as breakthrough points in improving employment indices. Telework is probably the most innovative atypical working form, offering huge amount of benefits for the employer, employee and the society. Gaining a deeper understanding of employment trends and employers’ decision-making mechanisms, we can understand the specifics of this spreading working form, and we can use this knowledge to stimulate the employment trends. This study summarises the finding of an empirical research among medium and large enterprises in Hungary using telework.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Telework; Employment; Regional development.; Marketing; E24; J21.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95916

The use of computable general equilibrium models to assess water policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Robinson,   Sherman; Goldman,   George E.
This paper discusses basic issues in project analysis and shows how these issues can be resolved in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework. The role of border prices and intersectoral linkages is explored. The CGE framework is compared to less comprehensive frameworks, including benefit-cost analysis, input-output models, multi-market models, and models based on social accounting matrices (SAMs). An illustrative CGE model of the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley is constructed and is used to find the effects of reducing water inputs on aggregate Valley gross domestic product (GDP) and on sectoral output, employment, and land use. The model is also used to determine demand curves for water by the southern portion of the Valley, given...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Cge models; Employment; Input-output analysis; Land utilization; Sam; Water supply.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43668

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2008 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  The 2008 report begins with a special feature describing recent developments in global commodity markets when prices rose dramatically over the past year. It continues by reviewing each segment of the system, going upstream from consumers to food distribution, food, beverage and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; Gross Domestic Product; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Farm income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46805

Economic Contribution of the Petroleum Industry to North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic contribution of crude oil and natural gas exploration, extraction, transportation, and processing in North Dakota in 2005.  Primary data for the study came from three separate surveys of firms involved with various aspects of the petroleum industry.     Exploration, the process of finding mineral resources, was estimated to have direct impacts (in-state expenditures) of $445.1 million.  Extraction, the process of developing and recovering mineral resources, had direct impacts of $909.6 million.  The processing sector of the industry, which included pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas, had $132 million in direct impacts.  The North Dakota Input-Output Model was used to estimate the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Petroleum; North Dakota; Economic impact; Employment; Tax revenues; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7642

Duration of agricultural employment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hashida,   Emiko; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor; Employment; Mathematical models; Probabilities; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47281

Rural America At A Glance, 2007 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Rural America At A Glance, 2007 highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The brochure provides information on key rural conditions and trends for use by public and private decisionmakers and others involved in efforts to enhance the economic opportunities and quality of life for rural people and their communities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population growth; Employment; Rural unemployment; Rural economy; Nonmetro; Metro; Creative occupations; Rural America; Natural amenities; Census data; Educational attainment; College education; Poverty; Domestic migration; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59020

Exploring Farm Business and Household Expenditure Patterns and Community Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Sullivan,   Patrick; Wojan,   Timothy R.
Farm operators are an integral part of some rural economies. The businesses they operate often hire seasonal and full-time employees and purchase goods and services from local farm implement dealers, input suppliers, and financial institutions. Farm household spending on food, furniture and appliances, trucks and automobiles, and a range of consumer goods also support local jobs and retail businesses in some communities. Based on the 2002 agricultural census and the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey, this paper explores the linkages between farm household/ business expenditures and local communities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm business expenditures; Farm household spending; Employment; Community linkage; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6367

MUNKANÉLKÜLISÉG GYÖNGYÖSÖN ÉS A KISTÉRSÉGBEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolcz,   Andrea.
A vizsgálatokból megállapítható, hogy a Gyöngyösi Kistérségben a legtöbb munkanélküli a 20-29 év közötti korosztályból, illetve az általános iskolai, vagy szakmunkás bizonyítvánnyal rendelkezők köréből kerül ki. A nyilvántartott munkanélküliek között a fizikai munkásoknál a férfiak, a szellemi foglalkozású-aknál pedig a nők túlsúlya állapítható meg. A legtöbb munkanélküli a feldolgo-zóiparból kerül ki, de az időszakos igény is itt jelentkezik. A munkanélküliségi ráta emelkedő jellegű és az országost meghaladó 2002-2004 között. Ezért különö-sen fontos a különféle képzési formák és az álláskeresés támogatása, valamint az agrár területen a régóta halogatott szaktanácsadás bevezetése. A megoldásban az eLearning, a Humánerőforrás-fejlesztési Operatív Program,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Munkanélküliség; Foglalkoztatás; Munkahelyteremtés; Szaktanácsadás - unemployment; Employment; Creation of employment; Counselling; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54332

A KÜLFÖLDI TŐKE SZEREPE ÉS A GAZDÁLKODÁS EREDMÉNYESSÉ-GÉRE GYAKOROLT HATÁSA AZ ÉLELMISZERIPARBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodina,   Peter; Lamfalusi,   Ibolya.
A kilencvenes évtized első éveiben a külföldi tőkebefektetés egyik kiemelt cél-pontja az élelmiszeripar volt. A rendkívül gyors vállalat-felvásárlás és a megva-lósított tőkeemelés hatására 1993-ban a (vizsgált) élelmiszeripar összes jegyzett tőkéjének már 43 százaléka volt külföldi tulajdonban. Ez a részesedés 2000-re meghaladta a 60 százalékot. A dinamikusan növekvő tőkebefektetési tendencia 2000 után megtört, s azóta minden évben, kisebb-nagyobb mértékben mind a jegyzett tőke, mind pedig a külföldi tőke csökken az élelmiszeriparban.  A 2000. évet megelőző időszakban az élelmiszeriparban jelentkező többletki-bocsátás teljes egészében a külföldi tőkét is működtető vállalkozásokhoz kapcso-lódott. A 2000. évben, illetve utána alapvető változás következett...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Külföldi tőke; Élelmiszeripar; Nyereség¬termelő-képesség; Foglalkoztatás; Termelékenység - foreign capital; Food industry; Profitability; Employment; Productivity; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54331

A exclusão social de mulheres jovens, com idade entre 15 a 24 anos, no mercado de trabalho no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Rosangela Aparecida Soares; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de; Santos,   Cristiane Marcia.
Vários fatores como escolaridade, renda per capita, experiência, maternidade, raça, dentre outros, têm contribuído para a exclusão de mulheres jovens no mercado de trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a situação das mulheres jovens, com idade entre 15 e 24 anos, no mercado de trabalho brasileiro em 2005. Estimou-se um modelo logit multinomial para as probabilidades das jovens encontrarem, em determinado período de tempo, em uma das seguintes ocupações: inativo, ativo e empregado, ou ativo e desempregado. Verificou-se que, o aumento da escolaridade e experiência diminui as probabilidades de emprego e desemprego e aumenta a probabilidade inatividade. A renda per capita relaciona-se positivamente com as probabilidades de inatividade e empregado e...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ercado de trabalho; Mulheres jovens; Emprego; Exclusão social; Desemprego; Labour market; Young women; Employment; Social exclusion; Unemployment; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108575

Do women and minorities earn less due to occupational segregation, lower wages, or fewer hours?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Using consistently estimated occupational, wage, and hours equations, we calculate earnings differentials by gender, race, and ethnicity. For example, if the market treated women like men, the average women would have earned $133 more per week so that American women would have earned $338 billion more per year. We decompose the earnings differential into wage, hours, and occupational effects. Occupational segregation explains little of the earnings differential for women, but roughly a fifth of the differential for black and Hispanic men. For all groups, within-occupation wage discrimination is responsible for most of the earnings differential.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47277

EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES FOR LOW-INCOME ADULTS IN RURAL AND URBAN LABOR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Elizabeth E.; Connolly,   Laura S.; Weber,   Bruce A.
This study analyzes the impact of local labor market conditions on the probability of employment and duration of employment for low-income adults in Oregon. We find that economic conditions (lower employment growth and higher unemployment rates) help to explain the less successful employment outcomes for low-income adults in non-metro areas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural labor markets; Employment; Low-income workers; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21624

Impacts and Implications of MGNREGA on Labour Supply and Income Generation for Agriculture in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harish,   B.G.; Napraj,   N.; Chendrakant,   M.G.; Murthy,   P.S. Srikantha; Chengappa,   P.G.; Basavaraj,   G.
This study has evaluated the impact of MGNREGA on income generation and labour supply in agriculture in one of the districts in central dry zone of Karnataka. Results have shown that the number of days worked in a year with the implementation of MGNREGA programme has significantly increased to 201 days, reflecting 16 per cent increase. Regression analysis has revealed that gender, education and family size of the workers are the significant factors influencing the worker’s employment under the Program. The increase in income is to the tune of 9.04 per cent due to additional employment generated from MGNERGA. In the total income, the contribution of agriculture is the highest (63%), followed by non-agricultural income (29%) and MGNREGA income (8%)....
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: MGNREGA; Labour supply; Labour scarcity; Income generation; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; J21; J22; J31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119402

Profile of Hired Farmworkers, A 2008 Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kandel,   William.
Hired farmworkers make up a third of the total agricultural labor force and are critical to U.S. agricultural production, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as fruits and vegetables. The hired farmworker labor market is unique because it includes a large population of relatively disadvantaged and often unauthorized workers, a portion of whom migrate to, and within, the United States. Recent economic and demographic trends, such as changing agricultural production methods that permit year-round employment, expanding immigrant populations in nonmetropolitan counties, and growing concerns over U.S. immigration policies, have elicited increased interest in hired farmworkers. This 2008 profile serves as an update to the 2000 Economic Research Service...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Hired farmworkers; Farm labor; Agriculture; Migrant; Immigrant; Farm structure; Demography; Legal status; Employment; Poverty; Housing; Social services; Health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56461

TRENDS IN THE NORTH DAKOTA ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
As North Dakota has shifted from its traditional dependence on natural resource-based activities to a more diversified economy, changes in employment, population, income, and retail sales have occurred.  This report summarizes changes in these and other economic indicators at the county and community level from 1980 to 2004.  Employment increased 12 percent from 1990 to 2004, with 19 of the state's 53 counties registering job growth.  The largest percentage (and absolute) gains were in Cass (Fargo) and Burleigh (Bismarck) counties.  Population statewide decreased by less than 1 percent from 1990 to 2004, as substantial growth in the Fargo and Bismarck-Mandan metropolitan areas was offset by population decreases in most of the state's rural counties.  Per...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Population; Per capita income; Retail sales; Pull factors; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23094

BREAKING THE BOOM AND BUST: EXPLORING THIRTY YEARS OF DIVERSIFICATION IN WESTERN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambers,   Edward J.; Ryan,   Chris.
The topic of diversification has been studied extensively by academics and policy makers. The theory of diversification, dating back to the 1930s and the Great Depression, suggests that increasing the variety of industries in a region spreads the risk and reduces the likelihood that all industries will suffer a downturn at the same time. This serves to mitigate the boom and bust pattern often experienced by a heavy reliance on a limited number of industries, which in three of the four western provinces, means natural resource-based industries. This study examines diversification progress in the four western provinces over the last 30 years. The time span covers the greatest progress in trade liberalization policy in the nation’s history, and the evidence...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Western Canada; Diversification; "boom and bust"; Shift-share; Portfolio choice; Employment; Sector shift; Development; Policy; Policies; Economic history; History; Retrospective; Location quotients; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60429

Employment and Transfer Status of Female Labor Force in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Dongping; Peng,   Jianqiang; Yan,   Zhen.
Official statistics are used to expatiate the general state of female labor force employment and transfer in rural China. According to the “structure” problem of female labor force transfer, it is pointed out that the overall cultural quality of rural women is relatively low, a large number of rural middle-aged women stay at home, social security system is lacked and the social service system is not perfect, which are the major factors restricting the transfer of rural female labor force. Therefore, according to the problems in employment and transfer of female labor force in rural China, countermeasures are put forward, which are ① improving cultural quality, skill and competitiveness of rural female labor force, ② perfecting labor market and social...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Rural female labor force; Employment; Transfer; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53756

Multifunctionality: Environment versus Rural Viability in Social Optima
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ollikainen,   Markku; Lankoski,   Jussi E.
We examine policy implications of including rural viability to the notion of multifunctional agriculture. We assume that rural viability refers predominantly to the number of people living in rural areas to keep the infrastructure and living conditions at good state for a good life. The economic core of viability is employment in agriculture and agriculture serving sectors. Viability benefits are modelled with the help of a viability valuation function. We demonstrate that rural viability entails adjusting fertilizer tax and buffer strip subsidy below their environmental first-best Pigouvian levels to reflect the direct and indirect employment effects of agricultural production. Moreover, when non-agricultural land use is present, an additional,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Employment; Nutrient runoff; Rural viability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90683

The social, economic and environmental impact from a hypothetical reduction in direct payments in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorgai,   Laszlo; Udovecz,   Gabor.
Within the context of CAP reform slated to begin in 2013, several Member States have already proposed a significant cutback in direct payments. This paper contends that such measures would have broad and harsh consequences not only for Hungarian agriculture, but also for the nation’s rural employment and natural environment, ultimately leading to an increase in regional tensions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hungarian agriculture; Direct payments; Impacts in figures; Farm result; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49191

Estabilidad laboral e indemnizaciómn: efectos de los costos de despido sobre el funcionamiento del mercado laboral peruano
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saavedra Chanduvi,   Jaime; Maruyama Sasaki,   Eduardo.
A inicios de la década de los noventa los costos de despido impuestos por la legislación laboral peruana eran aún bastante elevados. La estabilidad laboral absoluta y los altos pagos de indemnización por despido funcionaban en la práctica como impuestos a la contratación que convertían al empleo formal en un factor de producción cuasi-fijo. En 1991 se inició un proceso de cambios en la legislación laboral que ha llevado a que el Perú sea uno de los países que más ha flexibilizado su mercado de trabajo durante la década pasada. Las reformas permitieron una reducción importante en los costos de despido, principalmente debido a la abolición de la estabilidad laboral y la paulatina reducción del pago de indemnización por despido. En esta investigación se...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Empleo; Estabilidad laboral; Despido; Indemnización por censantía; Mercado de trabajo; Economía del trabajo; Perú; Employment; Employment stability; Severance pay; Dismissal; Labour market; Labour economics; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; J21; J4; J65.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37813

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2011
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2011 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2011 report begins with a special feature that provides a description of young farmers in Canada including their numbers by farm size, province and farm...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; R&amp;D; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Young farmers; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Trade; Productivity; Food processing; Food manufacturing; Environment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103047

Employment as a factor increasing the population well-being in a social market economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuldurova,   Batima.
The paper infers competiveness of a national economy in connection with the country’s capacity to provide sufficient and sustainable employment. The author  argues the importance of reverse link that goes from sustainable employment and well-being in a country to competiveness of national economy. It is concluded that active social policy is important tool in providing impulses to competitiveness of  economy,
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Employment; Life quality; Social policy; Profits; Welfare.; Labor and Human Capital; H30; I38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94726