Consulta: subjectFacets:"Equity"
Registros recuperados: 47
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 07:32:41

Gestión del agua público-urbana en la cabecera municipal de Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Miranda Trejo, Mario.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar los procesos de administración y de distribución del agua público-urbana para los usos doméstico, público e industrial, que controla el Ayuntamiento de Tepexi de Rodríguez, Pue. El enfoque teórico utilizado fue el de la Gestión Integral de Recursos Hídricos (GIRH), bajo el cual se evaluaron los procesos de planeación, seguimiento, participación ciudadana; principios de transparencia y equidad en el acceso al agua; así como el papel de actores sociales clave como los empresarios del mármol. Fueron entrevistados 89 habitantes de la localidad con la técnica de encuesta. La muestra (n) se calculó a través de muestreo aleatorio simple, considerando como población (N) el total de viviendas particulares...
Palavras-chave: Agua; Equidad; Gestión Integral de Recursos Hídricos; Transparencia; Equity; Hydric Resources Integral Arrangements; Water; Transparency; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; EDAR; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2195

Desarrollo rural, género y derechos humanos en Jilotepec, Estado de México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Flores Escobar, Alma Delia.
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo señalar la importancia de los derechos humanos con perspectiva de género aplicado al desarrollo rural del municipio de Jilotepec, Estado de México. El estudio es cualitativo-cuantitativo, y se utilizó para la obtención de la información “el cuestionario”, “la entrevista” y un “taller”. Las y los informantes clave fueron autoridades del municipio de Jilotepec, líderes de tres Organizaciones No Gubernamentales y beneficiari@s de éstas. Entre los datos obtenidos encontramos que en l@s beneficiari@s de las organizaciones rurales existe un desconocimiento de las funciones de las dependencias que protegen los derechos humanos. Se reconoce la ardua labor que las organizaciones rurales UNORCA, RED MUJER han hecho en el...
Palavras-chave: Equidad; Mujeres rurales; Organizaciones rurales; Políticas públicas; Equity; Rural women; Public policy; Rural organization; Desarrollo Rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1853

Equity and REDD+ in the Media: a Comparative Analysis of Policy Discourses
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Cronin, Tim; WWF Australia; timpcronin@hotmail.com; Muharrom, Efrian ; Center for International Forestry Research; e.muharrom@cgiar.org; Santoso, Levania; Center for International Forestry Research; l.santoso@cgiar.org; Mardiah, Sofi; Center for International Forestry Research; s.mardiah@cgiar.org.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is primarily a market-based mechanism for achieving the effective reduction of carbon emissions from forests. Increasingly, however, concerns are being raised about the implications of REDD+ for equity, including the importance of equity for achieving effective carbon emission reductions from forests. Equity is a multifaceted concept that is understood differently by different actors and at different scales, and public discourse helps determine which equity concerns reach the national policy agenda. Results from a comparative media analysis of REDD+ public discourse in four countries show that policy makers focus more on international than national equity concerns, and that they neglect...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Discourse; Equity; Media analysis; Mitigation; REDD+.
Ano: 2013

Who Should Benefit from REDD+? Rationales and Realities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luttrell, Cecilia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); c.luttrell@cgiar.org; Fernanda Gebara, Maria ; Getulio Vargas Foundation; mfgebara@gmail.com; Kweka, Demetrius; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); demetrius.kweka@gmail.com; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Angelsen, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; arild.angelsen@umb.no; Sunderlin, William D.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); w.sunderlin@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benefit sharing; Carbon rights; Equity; REDD+; REDD+ costs.
Ano: 2013

Social capital, conflict, and adaptive collaborative governance: exploring the dialectic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDougall, Cynthia; Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation Group (KTI), Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University; c.mcdougall@cgiar.org; Banjade, Mani Ram; Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; m.banjade@cgiar.org.
Previously lineal and centralized natural resource management and development paradigms have shifted toward the recognition of complexity and dynamism of social-ecological systems, and toward more adaptive, decentralized, and collaborative models. However, certain messy and surprising dynamics remain under-recognized, including the inherent interplay between conflict, social capital, and governance.  In this study we consider the dynamic intersections of these three often (seemingly) disparate phenomena. In particular, we consider the changes in social capital and conflict that accompanied a transition by local groups toward adaptive collaborative governance. The findings are drawn from multiyear research into community forestry in Nepal using comparative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive collaborative governance; Community forestry; Conflict; Equity; Livelihoods; Nepal; Participatory action research; Social capital.
Ano: 2015

Increased water charges improve efficiency and equity in an irrigation system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; Department of Environmental Studies, New York University; ab6176@nyu.edu; Ward, Patrick S.; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, D.C.; p.ward@cgiar.org; Shah, M. Azeem Ali; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan; Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan; a.shah@cgiar.org.
Conventional wisdom in many agricultural systems across the world is that farmers cannot, will not, or should not pay the full costs associated with surface water delivery. Across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, only a handful can claim complete recovery of operation, maintenance, and capital costs; across Central and South Asia, fees are lower still, with farmers in Nepal, India, and Kazakhstan paying fractions of a U.S. penny for a cubic meter of water. In Pakistan, fees amount to roughly USD 1-2 per acre per season. However, farmers in Pakistan spend orders of magnitude more for diesel fuel to pump groundwater each season, suggesting a latent willingness to spend for water that, under the right conditions, could...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Efficiency; Equity; Irrigation; Pakistan; Water.
Ano: 2016

Justice in Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Criteria and Application to Delhi
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hughes, Sara; National Center for Atmospheric Research; shughes@ucar.edu.
Cities around the world are increasingly developing plans to adapt to the consequences of climate change. These plans will have important consequences for urban populations because they are likely to reshape and reconfigure urban infrastructures, services, and decision making processes. It is critical that these adaptation plans are developed in a way that is just. Criteria  was developed that can be used to assess justice in adaptation so that the processes, priorities, and impacts address the needs of the most vulnerable urban populations. Further, mechanisms are outlined that have been proposed as responsible for producing urban injustice. The justice criteria are applied to the case of adaptation planning in Delhi and the extent to which poor and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cities and climate change; Equity; Justice; Planning.
Ano: 2013

Engaging Local Communities in Low Emissions Land-Use Planning: a Case Study from Laos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hett, Cornelia; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE); Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; Cornelia.hett@cde.unibe.ch; Heinimann, Andreas; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE); Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; Andreas.Heinimann@cde.unibe.ch.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon tenure; Equity; Laos; Participatory land-use planning; REDD+.
Ano: 2013

Poverty and Environmental Services: Case Study in Way Besai Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); suyanto@cgiar.org; Khususiyah, Noviana; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); Nkhususiyah@cgiar.org; Leimona, Beria; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); lberia@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee trees; Agroforestry; Environmental services; Equity; Poverty; Payment for environmental services; Watershed; Lampung Province; Indonesia.
Ano: 2007

Distributional effects of flood risk management&amp;#8212;a cross-country comparison of preflood compensation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J.; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School of Law, The Netherlands; w.j.hoekveld@uu.nl; Suykens, Cathy; KU Leuven, Belgium; cathy.suykens@kuleuven.be; Homewood, Stephen; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University London, England; stephenhomewood@yahoo.co.uk; Chmielewski, Piotr J.; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; piotr.chmielewski1990@gmail.com; Matczak, Piotr; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Institute of Sociology, Adam Mickiewicz University; matczak@amu.edu.pl; van Rijswick, Helena F.M.W; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School of Law, The Netherlands; H.vanRijswick@uu.nl.
We seek to examine the manner in which either the EU member states of France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden or parts of them, such as the country of England in the UK or the Flemish Region in Belgium, deal with the distributional effects of the flood risk management strategies prevention, defense, and mitigation. Measures carried out in each of these strategies can cause preflood harm, as in the devaluation of property or loss of income. However, different member states and authorities address this harm in different ways. A descriptive overview of the different compensation regimes in the field of flood risk management is followed by an analysis of these differences and an explanation of what may cause them, such as the geographical differences that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Defense; &amp;#233; Galit&amp;#233; Devant les charges publiques; Equity; Flood risk management; Legitimacy; Loss; No-fault liability; Preflood compensation; Prevention; Protection of property rights; Solidarity; Spatial planning.
Ano: 2016

Beyond Carbon: Enabling Justice and Equity in REDD+ Across Levels of Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schroeder, Heike; School of International Development, University of East Anglia; h.schroeder@uea.ac.uk; McDermott, Constance; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography, University of Oxford; constance.mcdermott@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Equity; Justice; Multi-level governance; REDD+.
Ano: 2014

Building resilient pathways to transformation when &amp;#8220;no one is in charge&amp;#8221;: insights from Australia's Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Nick; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ; nick.abel@csiro.au; Wise, Russell M.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; russell.wise@csiro.au; Colloff, Matthew J.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Matt.Colloff@csiro.au; Walker, Brian H.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; brian.walker@csiro.au; Butler, James R. A.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; james.butler@csiro.au; Ryan, Paul; Australian Resilience Centre; paulryan@internode.on.net; Norman, Chris; Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority; chrisn@gbcma.vic.gov.au; Langston, Art; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; art.langston@csiro.au; Anderies, John M.; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Gorddard, Russell; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Russell.Gorddard@csiro.au; Dunlop, Michael; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; michael.dunlop@csiro.au; O'Connell, Deborah; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; deborah.o'connell@csiro.au.
Climate change and its interactions with complex socioeconomic dynamics dictate the need for decision makers to move from incremental adaptation toward transformation as societies try to cope with unprecedented and uncertain change. Developing pathways toward transformation is especially difficult in regions with multiple contested resource uses and rights, with diverse decision makers and rules, and where high uncertainty is generated by differences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values, understanding of climate change, and ways of adapting. Such a region is the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, from which we provide insights for developing a process to address these constraints. We present criteria for sequencing actions along adaptation pathways: feasibility...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation pathways; Climate change; Collective action; Domain shift; Equity; Irrigation; Resilience; Social conflict; Transformation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2016

Small-scale fisheries access to fishing opportunities in the European Union: Is the Common Fisheries Policy the right step to SDG14b?
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Said, Alicia; Pascual-fernández, Jose; Amorim, Vanessa Iglésias; Autzen, Mathilde Højrup; Hegland, Troels Jacob; Pita, Cristina; Ferretti, Johanna; Penca, Jerneja.
The profile of small-scale fisheries has been raised through a dedicated target within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG14b) that calls for the provision of ‘access of small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets’. By focusing on access to fisheries resources in the context of European Union, in this article we demonstrate that the potential for small-scale fishing sectors to benefit from fishing opportunities remains low due to different mechanisms at play including legislative gaps in the Common Fisheries Policy, and long-existing local structures somewhat favouring the status quo of distributive injustice. Consequently, those without access to capital and authority are faced by marginalizing allocation systems,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Fisheries quota; ITQs; Social criteria; Equity; SSF Guidelines; Sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00631/74301/73943.pdf

Food security and sustainable agriculture in India: The water management challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   M. Dinesh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Food security; Water management; Water scarcity; Groundwater depletion; Waterlogging; Salinity; Soil degradation; Water use efficiency; Productivity; Equity; Irrigation water; Pricing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92666

Effective gender mainstreaming in water management for sustainable livelihoods: From guidelines to practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zwarteveen,   Margreet Z.; Valee,   Domitille; Molden,   David J.; Muylwijk,   Joke; Bilgi,   Meena; Udas,   Pranita; Douma,   Annelieke; Hirsch,  Danielle.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Gender; Equity; Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91945

Investigations on the Impacts of China's Rural Water Policies: From Efficiency and Equity Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fang,   Lan.
China’s water resources are scarce. Given its limited water resource, policies in China have been traditionally focused on meeting sectoral demands for water by increasing the supply rather than managing demand. However, effective water resource policies that focus on demand management and encourage efficient water use remain the main weakness of China’s water policy. Main potential for efficiency gain is the agricultural sector, which accounts for 65 percent of the nation’s total water withdrawals. Due to major inefficiencies in irrigation water systems only about 45 percent of water withdrawals for agriculture are actually used by farmers to irrigate their crops. In addition to inefficiencies, the equity of the agricultural water policies is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water efficiency; Equity; China’s rural water management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103486

Beyond the ‘Double Dividend’:  Modelling the impacts of deep cuts in Australian greenhouse gas emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatfield-Dodds,   Steve; Adams,   Philip D.
Australian economic modelling of policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has to date given little attention to (i) crafting policy scenarios that use emissions revenues to target significant existing tax distortions, (ii) quantifying the effects of policy on the price and affordability of energy products, and (iii) communicating policy impacts on living standards relative to current levels, as well as relative to future levels in the reference case. Building on modelling undertaken for the Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change -– which found that real consumption and income continue to grow strongly with emission reductions -– we find that smart tax reform could significantly reduce the economic impact of emissions reductions,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse policy; Double dividend; Equity; Adaptive governance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10381

ACHIEVING EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY IN IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT: AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF THE EL ANGEL WATERSHED, CARCHI, ECUADOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Elizabeth M.; Lee,   David R.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
The objective of this paper is to address the problems of inefficiency and inequity in water allocation in the El Angel watershed, located in Ecuador's Sierra region.  Water is captured in a high-altitude region of the watershed and distributed downstream to producers in four elevation-defined zones via a system of canals.  Upstream and downstream producers face radically different conditions with respect to climate and terrain.  A mathematical programming model was created to study the consequences of addressing chronic water scarcity problems in the watershed by shifting water resources between the four zones.  The model captures the nature of water use by humans, crops and dual purpose cattle.  Its objective function maximizes producer welfare as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Water allocation; Efficiency; Equity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19742

Integrated management of water, forest and land resources in Nepal: Opportunities for improved livelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pant,   Dhruba; Thapa,   Sabita; Singh,   Ashok; Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Forest management; Public policy; Land use; Land tenure; Farm size; Environmental effects; Gender; Women; Equity; Institutions; Conflict; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92405

Equity Basis Selection in Allocation Environments: An Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aadland,   David; Koplin,   Van.
Successful formation and long-term stability of cooperative ventures is often linked to the perceived fairness of the cost and resource allocations that these ventures employ. Indeed, the lack of a consensus over what basis should be used for gauging equitable allocation can undermine the prospects for collaboration. We use irrigation cost sharing as a context for examining the equity basis selections of cooperative ventures that successfully form and endure. Our analysis reveals that these selections are explained by features of the cooperative environment and inequities in the derived benefits from the irrigation water.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Cost allocation; Equity; Probit model; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117146

Credibility of Collective Brand as a Source of Equity: An Empirical Application for Spanish Wine Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dopico,   Domingo Calvo; Blazquez,   F.; Tudoran,   Alina.
The appearance of consumers groups increasingly concerned about the quality of food products, together with an increasingly competitive environment and domestic saturated markets, has led companies to achieving differentiated quality. The wine sector is immersed in this situation. Valuation of this differentiation by consumers will not happen by complying with certain standards or technical specifications, but rather it has to be perceived by consumers. Unlike experts, consumers cannot easily know which properties are intrinsic to products, which are those that give them their quality. There is, thus, a problem of uncertainty regarding the quality of products. This problem becomes more complex when consumers are faced with many alternatives of a similar...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective brand; Quality; Perceived risk; Equity; Consumer Behaviour; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58009

Groundwater markets and water use efficiency: The case of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deepak,   S.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
This study, based on primary data collected from 120 groundwater users in eastern dry zone of Karnataka compares the water use efficiency among different categories of water users, viz. well owners who do not sell water, well owners who sell water either for agricultural or non-agricultural use and water buyers (both agricultural and nonagricultural). Some of the important findings are- • The cropping pattern varies between categories, with both the sellers and buyers preferring low water intensive mulberry crop, while the self user's category grew more water intensive crops. • Farmers who sold water for non-agricultural purposes earned the highest return (because of higher end-use price) and also made the most efficient use of water. Thus, making a point...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Groundwater markets; Efficiency; Equity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43633

How Do Economists Really Think About the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fullerton,   Don; Stavins,   Robert N.
On a topic like the environment, communication among scholars from different disciplines in the natural and social sciences is both important and difficult, but such communication has been far from perfect. Economists themselves may have contributed to some rather fundamental misunderstandings about how economists think about the environment, perhaps through our enthusiasm for market solutions, perhaps by neglecting to make explicit all of the necessary qualifications, and perhaps simply by the use of jargon that has specific meaning only to other economists. In this brief essay, we seek to clarify some of these misunderstandings and thus to improve future interdisciplinary communication. We hope that natural scientists and other non-economists will take...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market failure; Economic analysis; Efficiency; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H4; L51.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10910

Land Rental Markets in India: Efficiency and Equity Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Shaheen; Farrington,   John; Deshingkar,   Priya; Sharma,   Pramod; Rao,   Laxman.
Despite the fact that land rental is restricted to varying degrees in India, the participation in this market is widespread and it is observed to operate relatively efficiently in 12 villages studied in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The estimated probit models predicted that the rental market transferred land to those with relatively smaller holdings, but greater ability to make productive use of land, more assets to invest, more adults available for labour and fewer off-farm opportunities. Also land is rented out predominantly to younger farmers and to farmers not involved in off-farm jobs. Renting in is predicted to be relatively higher in the villages which are remote and weakly integrated into mainstream infrastructure and institutions. Land...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land rental markets; Economic efficiency; Equity; India; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25265

Water flows up; Excerpts from the Proceedings of a Ministerial Roundtable Dialogue on Water-Sector Challenges, Policies and Institutional Development in Asia (Bangkok, Thailand, 22-23 May 2002)
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; River basins; Governance; Planning; Water policy; Private investment; Political aspects; Equity; Sustainability; Social aspects; Economic aspects; Irrigated farming; Water use; Irrigation water; Institutional development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118401

Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anthoff,   David; Hepburn,   Cameron; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas emissions reflect these differences. Equity-weighted estimates of the marginal damage cost of carbon dioxide emissions are substantially higher than estimates without equity-weights; equity-weights may also change the sign of the social cost estimates. Equity weights need to be normalised. Our estimates differ by two orders of magnitude depending on the region of normalisation. A discounting error of equity weighted social cost of carbon estimates in earlier work (Tol, Energy Journal, 1999), led to an error of a factor two. Equity-weighted estimates are sensitive to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marginal Damage Costs; Climate Change; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9325

Equal Emissions per Capita over Time - A Proposal to Combine Responsibility and Equity of Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven.
After Future climate policy regimes may be based on the Kyoto-Protocol or on other policy instruments such as carbon-taxes. Any effective regime based on the Protocol requires the determination of the concrete contributions by each Party. This involves namely the time of contribution and the quantification of the contribution itself. By now many proposals exist for the two issues, as for example thresholds like GDP per capita for the question of timing or emissions per capita for an allocation of emission rights. Based on the two justice principle responsibility and equity of rights that form the basis for the so-called Brazilian Proposal and Contraction &amp; Convergence respectively, a new approach is developed: Future emission rights are allocated on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Allocation of GHG emission entitlements; Brazilian Proposal; CDM; Contraction &amp; Convergence; Equity; Post 2012 climate regime; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26240

Water distribution equity in Sindh Province, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murray-Rust,   Hammond; Lashari,   Bhakshal; Memon,   Yameen.
The concept of equity of water distribution is widely used in assessment of irrigation water management performance; but in reality there is considerable confusion between the concepts of equity and equality. This research forms part of a larger study of Farmer Managed Irrigation in Sind Province.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canals; Watercourses; Water distribution; Equity; Water policy; Water allocation; Water rights; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Irrigation scheduling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108671

Effects of U.S. Farm Programs on Equity and Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pope,   Micah; Keeney,   Roman.
This paper analyzes the tradeoffs present between equity and efficiency in farm policy.  In terms of equity, we are concerned with the implications of policies on the distribution of income.  For efficiency we consider how the profitability of farms is impacted by the same government policies.  Specifically of interest will be the relative contributions of direct payments, commodity payments, and conservation payments to each of these measures. Results show that relative to direct payments commodity payments are more efficient (in terms of increasing average farm profitability) but less equitable (large farmers dominate the income gains).  Conservation payments are found to be both less equitable and efficient relative to direct payments.  We identify...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: U.S. Farm Policy; Equity; Efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6064

DID THE 1995 FARM BILL ADDRESS THE CRITICAL ISSUES? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salathe,   Larry E.
In 1995, for the first time since the 1930s, the United States failed to pass new farm program legislation. The inability to pass farm legislation occurred despite bipartisan agreement that farm programs should continue the trend over the past decade of less government intervention. This paper discusses the sequence of events, the role of agricultural economists, the major issues, and the lessons learned from the 1995 Farm Bill debate. The trend toward declining government intervention in agriculture will require that the profession look increasingly to the private sector for solutions to the problems facing agriculture in the twenty-first century.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Congressional debate; Equity; Farm programs; Policy analysis; Price and income support; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15232

Private Wage Returns to Schooling in Nigeria: 1996-1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aromolaran,   Adebayo B.
In the last two decades, primary and secondary school enrollment rates have declined in Nigeria while enrollment rates in post-secondary school have increased. This paper estimates from the General Household Survey for Nigeria the private returns to schooling associated with levels of educational attainment for wage and self-employed workers. The estimates for both men and women are small at primary and secondary levels, 2 to 4 percent, but are substantial at post-secondary education level, 10-15 percent. These schooling return estimates may account for the recent trends in enrollments. Thus, increasing public investment to encourage increased attendance in basic education is not justifiable on grounds of private efficiency, unless investments to increase...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Schooling investment; Private wage returns; Efficiency; Equity; Nigeria; Labor and Human Capital; O15; I12; J24.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28489

Irrigation management in Pakistan and India: Comparing notes on institutions and policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Hussain,   Intizar; Rehman,   Saeed ur.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Productivity; Privatization; Groundwater irrigation; Irrigated farming; Equity; Water distribution; Groundwater management; Economic aspects; Tube wells; Price policy; Electricity supplies; Pumps; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92782

Tubewell transfer in Gujarat:  A study of the GWRDC approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukherji,   Aditi; Kishore,   Avinash.
In India public (government) tubewells were built with the intention of providing irrigation to all categories of farmers in a fair, equitable and affordable manner. However, most public tubewell programs across India have failed on all these counts. Efforts to transfer their management to water users too have met with little success. Nonetheless, the Gujarat Water Resources Development Corporation (GWRDC)-a state-owned public company-has achieved rare success in tubewell transfer by handing over management of around 60 percent of public tubewells in the Gujarat state to user groups. This study tries to identify the factors that helped in accelerating the transfer process and evaluate the performance of transferred tubewells against those owned by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tube wells; Privatization; Groundwater management; Economic aspects; Operations; Maintenance; Equity; Farmers' attitudes; Policy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44559

AGRICULTURAL POLICY ANALYSIS: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schertz,   Lyle P.
Agricultural economists are appropriately concerned about their profession's contributions to policy decisions. An examination of alternative approaches to transforming policy analyses is in order. There are opportunities to (a) focus on income and wealth distribution, (b) give attention to the public as a primary client, (c) avoid advocacy, and (d) adjust institutions in ways that encourage participation in policy analyses including the development of data systems.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Equity; Income and wealth distribution; Policy analysis; Public as a primary client; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15250

Sustainable Cooperation in Global Climate Policy: Specific Formulas and Emission Targets to Build on Copenhagen and Cancun
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Frankel,   Jeffrey.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/05/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cancun; Climate; Concentrations; Cooperation; Copenhagen; Costs; Developing Countries; Development; Emissions; Equity; Global Climate; Global Warming; Greenhouse Gas; Human Development; International; Kyoto; Sustainable; Treaty; United Nations; WITCH; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115849

Inter-sectoral Water Use in South Africa: Efficiency Versus Equity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Juana,   James S.; Kirsten,   Johann F.; Strzepek,   Kenneth M.
While water supply sources are dwindling in South Africa, the demand for the scarce water resource is increasing. This situation requires a switch from supply to demand management of water in the country. The study updates the 1999 social accounting matrix for South Africa, using the Trade and Industrial Policy Strategies (TIPS) time series data, STATSA's 2001 census report and 2000 water accounts, the 2002 national income accounts, published by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the Water Resource Management Strategy (WRMS) registration data. Using the updated SAM, the contribution of water to economic development in South Africa is estimated through the traditional SAM multiplier analysis. The paper then investigates the impact of reallocating...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: SAM multipliers; Output growth; Factor remuneration; Income generation; Efficiency; Equity; R20; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C67; D57; L60; Q25.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25486

Equity judgments and context dependence: Knowledge, efficiency and incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven.
Distributional equity concerns are often at least as important as economic efficiency and ecological sustainability in environmental and natural resource management policies. Until recently, however, economists have shied away from tackling equity issues, primarily because equity appeared as a slippery concept, varying across people and circumstances. This study takes this context-dependence of equity judgments as a starting point and shows that such dependence, far from being random, is systematic. A series of controlled laboratory treatments with University students were designed to investigate the role on distributional equity judgments of such context factors as knowledge of one’s position in society, how the existence of equity-efficiency tradeoffs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equity; Fairness; Resource allocation; Environmental policy; Experimental economics; Welfare economics; Public choice; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C92; D03; D63; H23; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100887

Incentives for Residential Water Conservation: Water Price, Revenue, and Consumer Equity in Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rawls,   Colin; Borisova,   Tatiana; Berg,   Sanford; Burkhardt,   Jeffrey.
Economic theory suggests that price incentives can be used to encourage water conservation in residential consumers.  Conservation water rates are designed to send price signals that encourage households to reduce discretionary water use in the long term. However, it is not always clear that conservation rates effectively provide meaningful incentives. Utilities themselves may also not have strong incentives to implement conservation rates. If conservation rates have a negative impact on revenue, or if they lead to increased revenue variability, utilities may have a disincentive to use them.  In addition, block pricing structures (where unit water rate increases with water usage) may be inequitable, in the sense that the “revenue burden” is borne...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Water; Price; Revenue; Equity; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56510

The Stability of Exchange Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dooan,   Gonul; van Assen,   M.A.L.M.; van de Rijt,   Arnout; Buskens,   Vincent.
This paper develops a formal model of exchange network stability that combines expected value theory (Friedkin 1995) with the economic literature on network dynamics. We identify stable networks up to size 8 for varying costs and investigate whether they are Pareto efficient and egalitarian. Only a very small number of networks are stable. Odd cycles and networks consisting of dyads and at most one isolate are the only egalitarian, efficient, and stable networks for a large cost range. We show that some of these results are generalizable to networks of any size and are independent of using expected value theory.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exchange Networks; Stability; Efficiency; Equity; Social Dilemma; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; D85.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9098

13 + 1: A Comparison of Global Climate Change Policy Architectures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldy,   Joseph E.; Barrett,   Scott; Stavins,   Robert N.
We critically review the Kyoto Protocol and thirteen alternative policy architectures for addressing the threat of global climate change. We employ six criteria to evaluate the policy proposals: environmental outcome, dynamic efficiency, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance. The Kyoto Protocol does not fare well on a number of criteria, but none of the alternative proposals fare well along all six dimensions. We identify several major themes among the alternative proposals: Kyoto is "too little, too fast"; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Policy architecture; Kyoto Protocol; Efficiency; Cost effectiveness; Equity; Participation; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10541

Fundamentals of smallholder irrigation: the structured system concept
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albinson,   B.; Perry,   Christopher J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farmer managed irrigation systems; Irrigation canals; Watercourses; Small scale systems; Irrigation design; Irrigation operation; Irrigation scheduling; Water delivery; Water distribution; Productivity; Equity; Water scarcity; Farm size; Rice; Water conveyance; Hydraulics; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52964

REGIONAL ADJUSTMENT COSTS: A FAILURE OF NATIONAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dicks,   Michael R.
The use of national aggregate measures for the purpose of analyzing the impacts of agricultural policies hides the impact of national policies on the distribution of benefits and costs between and within regions, size, and types of businesses. While economists can use national aggregate measures to indicate changes in overall efficiency due to policies, the tradeoff between efficiency and equity should be measured and the results provided to policymakers. These tradeoffs were not presented during the 1995-96 Farm Bill debate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Equity; Farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15229

Is agricultural zoning exclusionary?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gottlieb,   Paul D.; Rudel,   Thomas; O'Neill,   Karen; McDermott,   Melanie.
In rapidly suburbanizing areas, minimum lot sizes of ten acres or greater are often used to discourage residential development and to maintain agricultural critical mass.  Because of significant development pressure in these places, there is a good chance these lot size regulations will bind.  Such “down-zoning” often appears alongside the purchase of agricultural and conservation easements that reduce housing development even more.    Whatever the benefits of such policies for agriculture and the environment, they raise obvious concerns about housing supply and affordability.   The issue of affordability should be analyzed at the regional scale, since we would normally expect some high-income, low density enclaves to exist within any metropolitan area....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use; Zoning; Housing; Equity; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103562

Macroeconomic Policy and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Jonathan M.
The trend in mainstream economic thought about macroeconomic policy has been towards minimalism. In the optimistic Keynesian phase of the 1960's, it was assumed that both fiscal and monetary policy were effective tools for macroeconomic management. But the influence of monetarist and New Classical critiques has led to a gradual erosion of theoretical support for activist government policy. First fiscal policy fell by the wayside, perceived as too slow and possibly counterproductive in its impacts. Then New Classical and rational expectations critiques suggested that even monetary policy was ineffective. Thus the role of government policy has been reduced to a cautious effort not to make things worse - in effect a return to an economics of laissez-faire. In...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Macroeconomics; Growth; Equity; Sustainable development; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15573

O Desafio da Transversalidade e Equidade de Gênero e Raça nas Políticas Públicas: Estudo do Orçamento do Município de Cuiabá no ano de 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendes,   Carlos Magno; Carvalho,   Rubiane Prado de; Ventura,   Moises de Sena.
Este estudo buscou avaliar a contribuição dos programas desenvolvidos com a intenção de reduzir as desigualdades no município de Cuiabá, em 2005, e seu impacto sobre a pobreza. E teve por objetivo conhecer o orçamento municipal, a partir de uma análise transversal de gênero e raça, tendo como marco legal os programas contidos no Plano Plurianual (PPA 2002-2005), dado seu caráter estratégico no processo de planejamento-orçamento, e na concepção e formulação das políticas públicas, que incorporam em seu corpo conceitual e metodológico a busca pela eqüidade de gênero e raça com vistas a corrigir as desigualdades que se manifestam na sociedade entre homens e mulheres de diferentes grupos raciais/étnicos. Apresenta um diagnóstico, em que mapeia e caracteriza a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Políticas públicas; Pobreza; Gênero; Programas.                           Disparities; Public policies; Equity; Poverty; Programs.; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107857

Organisation and profit-sharing in mechanised sugarcane harvesting: Is Australia's experience relevant to China?
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Wegener, Malcolm.
China now grows about 1.5 million hectares of sugarcane and is the third largest sugar producer in the world after Brazil and India.  Almost all Chinese sugarcane is still harvested by hand but labour in countryside areas has become more expensive and difficult to recruit.  The sugar mills prefer to crush the cleaner cane that manual harvesting delivers and some mills, in areas where mechanical harvesting capacity has increased in recent years, have imposed restrictions on the quantity of machine cut cane that can be delivered each day.  In the longer term, it is inevitable that the mills will accept a greater proportion of machine harvested cane.   It is therefore important that an institutional structure and appropriate management strategies to control...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sugarcane harvesting; Business organisation; Cane payment system; Revenue sharing; Equity.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3165

Equity, quality and relevance in higher education in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Schwartzman,Simon.
Brazilian higher education has doubled its size in the 1990s, going from 1.5 million to more than 3 million students in the period. This expansion was mostly due to the growth of private education, which, in 2002, accounted for about two thirds of the enrollment. Is expansion making higher education more accessible to persons coming from the poorer segments of society? Is the quality of higher education suffering by the speed of this expansion? Is Brazil educating enough qualified persons to attend to the country's needs to participate in the new, knowledge-intensive and global economy? What public policies should be implemented, in order to foster the values of social equity and relevance? What are the policy implications of these developments? This...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Higher education; Human capital; Equity; Labor market; Education policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652004000100015