Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ethanol"
Registros recuperados: 227
Data/hora: 06/06/2024 01:32:34

Zonificación del potencial productivo de biomasa para etanol de segunda generación en agroecosistemas con pasto Pennisetum purpureum en el estado de Veracruz.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: López Escudero, Roberto de Jesús.
El etanol lignocelulósico generado a partir de la biomasa seca de especies como Pennisetum purpureum puede ser la solución a problemáticas actuales como la crisis energética, la ineficiencia de los biocombustibles de primera generación, el desplazamiento de tierras destinadas al sustento humano y el cambio en el uso de los suelos. Sin embargo, con la finalidad de aumentar la eficiencia energética de esta especie, es necesario identificar áreas con condiciones agroecológicas óptimas que no compitan con la producción de alimentos. Por lo anterior el objetivo de este trabajo fue cartografiar y generar un índice de productividad de Pennisetum purpureum con base a las condiciones agroecológicas del estado de Veracruz. Se utilizó el modelo Soil and Water...
Palavras-chave: Etanol; Pennisetum purpureum; Modelos de simulación; SWAT; URH; Ethanol; Simulation models; Agroecosistemas Tropicales; Maestría.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2343

Study on the relationship between intracellular metabolites and astaxanthin accumulation during Phaffia rhodozyma fermentation
Provedor de dados: 69
Autores: Xiao,Anfeng; Jiang,Xinglong; Ni,Hui; Yang,Qiuming; Cai,Huinong.
Background To study the relationship between intracellular anabolism and astaxanthin production, the influence of intracellular protein and fatty acids on astaxanthin production by four mutant Phaffia rhodozyma strains and their variations was investigated in this research. Results First, the content of astaxanthin in cells showed a reverse fluctuation in contrast to that of protein during the whole fermentation process. Moreover, compared with the three other strains, the astaxanthin-overproducing mutant strain of the yeast P. rhodozyma, called JMU-MVP14, had the highest specific productivity of astaxanthin as 6.8 mg/g, whereas its intracellular protein and fatty acid contents were the lowest. In addition, as a kind of sugar metabolic product, ethanol was...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Astaxanthin; Ethanol; Fatty acids; Phaffia rhodozyma; Protein.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582015000300002

Ethanol mediated enhancement in bacterial transformation
Provedor de dados: 69
Autores: Sharma,Arun Dev; Singh,Jaspreet; Gill,Prabhjot Kaur.
In molecular biology, transformation using E. coli as a host plays a key role in synthesizing gene libraries. The present study demonstrated a new ethanol-based method for transformation of plasmid DNA to E. coli. Ethanol at 10% concentration (v/v) showed best results. Further, as compared with traditional CaCl2 method, the transformation rate, using protocol outlined in this study, was very high, suggesting amenable for further applications.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Bacteria; Ethanol; Transformation.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582007000100016

Utilization and biodegradation of starch stillage (distillery wastewater)
Provedor de dados: 69
Autores: Krzywonos,Malgorzata; Cibis,Edmund; Miskiewicz,Tadeusz; Ryznar-Luty,Agnieszka.
Stillage (distillery wastewater) is the main by-product originating in distilleries, and its volume is approximately 10 times that of ethanol produced. It is not surprising that the utilization of the stillage raises serious problems, and that many attempts have been made all over the world to solve them. In Poland most of the ethanol (about 90%) is produced from starch-based feedstocks, i.e. grains and potatoes. Starch feedstocks are widely used for spirit production also in other European countries, as well as outside Europe. The manuscript provides an overview of global fuel ethanol production and information on methods used for starch-based stillage biodegradation and utilization. The methods presented in this paper have been classified into two major...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Biodegradation; Distillery; Ethanol; Starch stillage; Utilization.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582009000100006

Production of ethanol from mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.) pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Provedor de dados: 69
Autores: da Silva,Celiane Gomes Maia; Stamford,Tânia Lúcia Montenegro; de Andrade,Samara Alvachian Cardoso; de Souza,Evandro Leite; de Araújo,Janete Magali.
This study aimed to assess the use of mesquite pods hydrated mash as biomass for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFEPEDA-1012 and Zymomonas mobilis UFEPEDA-205 and for ethanol production using a submerged fermentation. A 2³ factorial design was used to analyze the effects of the type of microorganism, time of fermentation and condition of cultivation on the ethanol production in mesquite pods mash (30 g 100 mL-1). From the obtained results the hydrated mesquite pods mash presented as a good substrate for the growth of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis in comparison to the standard media. The effect that most affected the ethanol production was the type of microorganism. The highest ethanol concentration (141.1 gL-1) was found when Z. mobilis was...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Mesquite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Zymomonas mobilis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582010000500012

Identification of grain areas replaced by sugarcane and analysis of the relationship with family farming production in the state of Goiás
Provedor de dados: 70
Autores: Petrini,Maria A.; Rocha,Jansle V.
In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Geoprocessing; Ethanol; National Food Acquisition Program (PAA).
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162014000600023

ENERGY BALANCE OF IRRIGATED AND RAINFED SORGHUM PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 70
Autores: Jordan,Rodrigo A.; Almeida,Alexsandro C. S.; Queiroz,Marcos V. B. M.; Gomes,Eder P.; Rezende,Rodrigo K. S.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and energy balance of four sorghum genotypes in irrigated and rainfed crops. The experiment was conducted in an irrigation and drainage unit at the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul state (Brazil). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with split plots (with and without irrigation), testing four genotypes (BRS 506, CV 007, CV 147, and EJ 7281) with four replicates (32 plots). Irrigation provided yield increase in all four genotypes. The respective yield increases were 85.89%, 71.82%, 64.28%, and 63.36% for genotypes EJ 7281, BRS 506, CV 147, and CV 007. The energy efficiency (produced/ used ratio) was on average 3.5 under...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Productivity; Off-season; Ethanol.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162017000500907

Nota sobre métodos de colheita do sorgo sacarino para produção de álcool.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: COSTA, F. P.; THIAGO, L. R. L. de S.; CORRÊA, E. S.; SILVA, J. M. da.
Sorgo sacarino cv. BR 501 foi colhido com e sem folhas para produção de caldo. Devido ao maior custo envolvido com a mão-de-obra, a retirada das folhas mostrou-se anti-econômica. Pesquisas para reduzir estes custos poderiam ser bastante benéficas.
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Sorgo sacarino; Aspecto econômico; Sorghum; Production; Economic situation.; Colheita; Etanol; Produção.; Ethanol; Harvesting.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/317604

Freezing and chemical preservatives alter the stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Syvaeranta, Jari; Martino, Aurelia; Kopp, Dorothee; Cereghino, Regis; Santoul, Frederic.
We tested the impacts of most common sample preservation methods used for aquatic sample materials on the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in clams, a typical baseline indicator organism for many aquatic food web studies utilising stable isotope analysis (SIA). In addition to common chemical preservatives ethanol and formalin, we also assessed the potential impacts of freezing on delta C-13 and delta N-15 values and compared the preserved samples against freshly dried and analysed samples. All preservation methods, including freezing, had significant impacts on delta C-13 and delta N-15 values and the effects in general were greater on the carbon isotope values (1.3-2.2aEuro degrees difference) than on the nitrogen isotope values (0.9-1.0aEuro...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Formalin; Freezing; Ethanol; Preservation; Stable isotope analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00021/13192/10271.pdf

Histometric Study of the Epithelium of Rats Submitted to Ethanol During Lactation
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Kassis,Elias Nairn; Azoubel,Reinaldo; Lopes,Ruberval Armando; Martins,Alex Tadeu; Matteo,Miguel Ángel Sala di; Gawlinski,Viviane Curi.
The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their offspring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the palatine epithelium of the sucking was performed. Two groups of animals, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20% ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 |J,m sections on the frontal plane at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin and eosin, were obtained. The...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Palatine epithelium; Lactation.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022007000400013

Ethanol Intake and Toxicity: In Search of New Treatments
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Sandoval,Cristian; Vásquez,Bélgica; Mandarim-de-Lacerda,Carlos; del Sol,Mariano.
Prolonged alcohol consumption has consequences on the liver, producing necrotic precipitates and fibrosis, on the pancreas, causing the pancreatic acini to atrophy and destroying insulin-producing cells, and on the central nervous system (CNS), causing the gray and white matter in the frontal lobes of the brain and cerebellum to atrophy. Generally, alcohol is metabolized via oxidative pathways, where the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase participate during its metabolization in the liver and CNS, or via non-oxidative pathways during its metabolization in the pancreas. Ethanol metabolism can produce oxidative stress and tissue damage mediated by free radicals, causing morphological and functional alterations in the liver. In the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Antioxidants; Ethanol; Liver; Pancreas; Central nervous system.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022017000300024

Immunohistochemical Study of Acute Effects of Ethanol on Midbrain of Wistar Rats Associated with the Date of Birth of Neurons in Encephalon
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Lopes,Danielly Bandeira; Nascimento,Guilherme Nobre Lima do; Carvalho,Adryano Augustto Valladão de; Souza Neto,Advaldo Carlos de; Lima,Natácia Evangelista de; Aversi-Ferreira,Tales Alexandre.
The verification of the acute effects of ethanol on the midbrain, which neurons are mainly formed in E14, will ratify if the acute effects of ethanol are associated, in terms of prevalence, to the date of birth of neurons in certain regions of the brain. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute exposure to ethanol on the neuronal density of the midbrain and to associate these results with acute effects of ethanol in other regions of the brain under the same conditions. The rats were treated with intraperitoneal ethanol during one day (E12) and 1h after the last ethanol injection was applied to BrdU. The animals were sacrificed; the brains were removed and sectioned. The sections were treated with DAB for the BrdU revelation, the slides...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Brain; Midbrain; Neuronal migration; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022009000300009

Histometric Study of Alveolar Bone in Rats Submitted to Ethanol During Lactation
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Curi,Viviane; Azoubel,Reinaldo; Lopes,Ruberval Armando; Martins,Alex Tadeu; Sala Di Matteo,Miguel Ángel; Kassis,Elias Naim.
The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their off spring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the alveolar bone at the level of the first upper molar of the sucking was perfomed. Two groups of animáis, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20% ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 &amp;#956;m sections on the frontal plañe at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Alveolar bone; Lactation.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022008000400026

EFFECTS OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ON ETHANOL-INDUCED INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION IN RATS
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Aparecida Marinho,Sandra; Sala,Miguel Angel; Lopes,Ruberval Armando; de Moraes Grisi,Márcio Fernando; Belém Novaes Jr.,Arthur; Scombatti de Souza,Sérgio Luis; Taba Jr.,Mário.
SUMMARY: The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on intrauterine growth restriction induced by maternal ethanol consumption were studied. A single intraperitoneal dose of ethanol (2.96 g/kg body weight), injected on the 10th day of pregnancy (PD10), significantly reduced maternal weight gain, fetal weight, amniotic fluid volume and umbilical cord length. Meanwhile, ethanol did not affect placental weight or litter size. A single intraperitoneal dose of ASA (200 mg/g body weight), injected on the PD10, did not modify maternal body weight gain, litter size, fetal and placental weights and amniotic fluid volume, but significantly diminished umbilical cord length. Intraperitoneal injections of either ASA (200 mg/g body weight) or ethanol (2.96 g/kg body...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Rat; Fetus; ASA; Ethanol; Intrauterine development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022003000200002

Acetaldehyde induced developmental and genetic damage in Drosophila melanogaster
Provedor de dados: 46
Autores: Palermo,A.M; Mudry,M.D.
Acetaldehyde (AAld) is a ubiquitous compound in the environment. Exposure may occur in its manufacture or use, in the consumption of alcoholic beverages and through cigarette smoke. It causes distant target effects, including DNA damage, glutathione depletion, enzyme inactivation and cell death. In the present work, its potential teratogenic, mutagenic and recombinagenic effects in somatic cells of D. melanogaster were analyzed. The white/white+ (w/w+) eye mosaic test (Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test, SMART) was applied by mating w/w females with y/Y males. Larvae of 48 ± 4 h were transferred to media with 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.05 % and 0.10 % AAld for 12 hs and then moved to regular media until pupation. The emerging w/w+ females were evaluated for...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Teratogenesis; Mutagenesis; Loss of heterozygosity; Eye-spot test.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1852-62332015000300007

Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Ethanol Fermentation of By-Products from Potato Processing Plants
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: YAMADA, Sunao; SHINOMIYA, Noriyuki; OHBA, Kiyoshi; SEKIKAWA, Mitsuo; ODA, Yuji; 関川, 三男; 小田, 有二.
By-products from potato processing plants were liquefied and partially saccharified using three commercially available enzymes, followed by ethanol fermentation by yeast and then hydrolysis by glucoamylase. From 12% (w/w) of fresh potato peel, about 20 mg/mL ethanol was formed in the supernatant via amylase, pectinase, or an enzyme complex; this yield was slightly increased with combinations of these enzymes. Supplementation of substandard mash to potato peel (1:1) as a raw material enhanced the amount of ethanol formation, increasing it to approximately 50 mg/mL by the mixture of all three enzymes. After the addition of yeast and glucoamylase to the partially saccharified material, ethanol formation proceeded gradually and slowed in 12 h with the...
Palavras-chave: Potato peel; Substandard mash; Ethanol; Fermentation.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/2962

Preservation of fresh edible cactus stems (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.) by modified atmosphere packaging
Provedor de dados: 85
Autores: Osorio-Córdoba,J; Rodriguez-Verástegui,LL; Díaz de León-Sánchez,F; Bosquez-Molina,E; Verde-Calvo,JR; Escalona-Buendía,HB; Pérez-Flores,LJ; Pelayo-Zaldívar,C.
Cactus stems, the cladodes of Opuntia spp. cacti, are consumed in Mexico and other countries due to their fresh and herbaceous flavor, and because of their widely known nutraceutical benefits. In order to extend the postharvest life of this vegetable, the effect of a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was studied in cactus stems of the cultivar Atlixco stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 20 days under three types of atmospheres: (1) air (passive atmosphere), (2) 5 kPa O2 + 4 kPa CO2, and (3) N2. During storage, the titratable acidity decreased and the color of cladodes became darker and less green; however, the 5 kPa O2 + 4 kPa CO2 atmosphere was able to preserve both quality characteristics. All modified atmospheres reduced weight loss (from 8 to &lt;2%) and the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Acetaldehyde; Cladodes; Nopal; Ethanol; Modified atmosphere; Quality; Refrigeration; Wound.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-56572015000200016

An Analysis of the Link between Ethanol, Energy, and Crop Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/06/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Energy; Ethanol; Renewable fuels; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18453

POTENTIAL CORN ACREAGE EXPANSION FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION: WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.
Several recent developments have stimulated farmers' interest in raising corn for ethanol production in northwestern North Dakota.  The purpose of this study is to estimate the corn supply response of western North Dakota farmers for ethanol production.  Two focus groups of western North Dakota farmers (Williston and Minot) were organized.  The market premium over prevailing local corn prices that was required by western North Dakota farms to entice additional production of an ethanol specific hybrid was determined.  Aggregation of these farm responses yielded a supply function of corn for the region.  Results show that sufficient corn can be produced in the surrounding region to support a 12 million gallon ethanol facility if modest price premiums are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Corn supply; Response; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23593

Removing Distortions in the U.S. Ethanol Market: What Does It Imply for the United States and Brazil?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla.
We analyze the impact of trade liberalization and removal of the federal tax credit in the United States on U.S. and Brazilian ethanol markets using a multi-market international ethanol model calibrated on 2005 market data and policies. The removal of trade distortions induces a 23.9 percent increase in the price of world ethanol on average between 2006 and 2015 relative to the baseline. The U.S. domestic ethanol price decreases by 13.6 percent, which results in a 7.2 percent decline in production and a 3.8 percent increase in consumption. The lower domestic price leads to a 3.7 percent rise in the share of fuel ethanol in gasoline consumption. U.S. net ethanol imports increase by 199 percent. Brazil responds to the higher world ethanol price by increasing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Renewable fuels; Trade liberalization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F13; F17; Q17; Q18; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9808

Energy, Agriculture, and GHG Emissions: The Role of Agriculture in Alternative Energy Production and GHG Emission Reduction in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aravindhakshan,   Sijesh C.; Koo,   Won W.
Energy, agriculture, and GHG emissions are highly interrelated. Several agricultural commodities are currently used as feedstock for biofuel production to replace fossil fuels. As the largest consumer of energy, the U.S. has taken several initiatives to reduce the use of fossil fuels, achieve energy security, and reduce GHG emissions. The industrial community of the U.S. invested heavily in biofuel and wind energy production. North Dakota has highest potential in producing wind energy and biomass from dedicated energy crops. Unfortunately these resources are not fully utilized for producing renewable energy. North Dakota is an energy intensive economy and per capita energy consumption is higher than other states. This technical bulletin provides a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Wind power; Ethanol; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101222

Factors Influencing Consumer Likelihood of Purchasing a Flexible-Fuel or Hybrid Automobile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaogu; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; English,   Burton C.; Yen,   Steven T.
Developing fuels and vehicles that reduce our reliance on fossil fuels has become a priority due to the threat of global climate change and desire for reduced dependence on oil imports. Flexible-fuel vehicles that can run on ethanol/gasoline blends of up to 85% ethanol and hybrid electric vehicles present two such opportunities. While production of both flexible-fuel and hybrid vehicles is increasing, there is still a great deal of uncertainty about how consumers will respond to these products. To address this uncertainty, data was collected through an online survey of automobile owners that asked respondents how likely they were to choose either a flexible-fuel or hybrid vehicle as their next vehicle. A bivariate probit model was used to jointly analyze...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flexible-fuel vehicles; Ethanol; E85; Hybrid electric vehicles; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60981

The Impacts of Ethanol on the US Catfish Farm Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zheng,   Hualu; Muhammad,   Andrew; Herndon,   Cary W., Jr.
In this study, we estimated catfish feed and farm price reduced form equations. Of particular importance was the impact of the recent increase in grain prices induced by ethanol production on feed cost and farm prices. This relationship was examined using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Results show that a 1% increase in corn prices caused a 0.134% and 0.263% increase in feed prices in the short- and long-run, respectively. Catfish farm prices increased by 0.106% (short-run) and 0.211% (long-run) given a 1% increase in feed prices.  Between 2004 and 2008, corn prices increased from $2 to $6 per bushels. Taheripour and Tyner (2008) state that of the total increase, 25% was due to US ethanol subsidies and 75% was due to the increase in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Price; Catfish feed; Ethanol; Autoregressive distributed lag model; ARDL; Demand and Price Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46248

ETHANOL'S IMPACT ON THE U.S. CORN INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Andino,   Jose; Koo,   Won W.
This report evaluates the U.S. corn sector, especially changes in ethanol production.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural polices, weather conditions, and technological change.  Changes in ethanol production will impact the production, feed use, and exports of corn, as well as the general price level.  Federally mandated ethanol usage dictates the growth of ethanol production in the United States.  Other factors have limited impact on corn price.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Government subsidies; Feed use; Corn; Exports; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23512

Impacts of Ethanol on Planted Acreage in Market Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/15/08.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Complements in supply; Ethanol; (in)direct land use changes; Substitutes in supply; Yield increases.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37406

The Socially Optimal Import Tariff and Tax Credit for Ethanol with Farm Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Just,   David R.; Tan,   Qinwen.
We determine how the U.S. ethanol tax credit and import tariff affect the corn-ethanol-gasoline markets and how farm subsidies interact with these policies. We show how the ethanol tax credit and import tariff each uniquely affect the ethanol and gasoline prices. The ethanol import tariff alone increases the terms of trade in ethanol imports and corn exports, but decreases the terms of trade in gasoline imports and the tax costs of farm price supports. With price-contingent farm subsidies in place, the optimal tariff and tax credit will depend on the price level. When farm subsidy expenditures are high, import subsidies for ethanol may increase social welfare due to the substantial size of the fuel market relative to the corn market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Tariffs; Tax credit; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49865

Use of Agricultural Residue Feedstock In North Dakota Biorefineries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Hodur,   Nancy M.; Senechal,   Donald M.; Stowers,   Mark D.; McCalla,   Darold; Saffron,   Chris M.
Rising prices and uncertain supplies of petroleum, together with environmental concerns regarding fossil fuel combustion, have enhanced interest in biobased products and fuels. This study analyzes the feasibility of a multi-product biorefinery that uses wheat straw as feedstock to produce ethanol, electricity, and cellulose nanofibers. Nanofibers (nanowhiskers) would be used as reinforcements in a biobased nanocomposite material that could substitute for fiberglass in many applications. The growth of a biobased industry could have major economic development implications for the Great Plains/Midwest region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Biomaterials; Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs); Economic development; Ethanol; Wheat straw; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90655

Land Allocation Effects of the Global Ethanol Surge: Predictions from the International FAPRI Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculture for the coming decade using the multi-market, multi-commodity international FAPRI (Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute) model. The model incorporates the trade-offs between biofuel, feed, and food production and consumption and international feedback effects of the emergence through world commodity prices and trade. We examine land allocation by type of crop, and pasture use for countries growing feedstock for ethanol (corn, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, and other grains) and major crops competing with feedstock for land resources such as oilseeds. We shock the model with exogenous changes in ethanol demand, first in the United States, then in Brazil, China,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage; Area; Biofuel; Corn; Crops; Ethanol; FAPRI model; Feedstock; Land; Sugar; Sugarcane.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48598

The Long-Run Impact of Corn-Based Ethanol on the Grain, Oilseed, and Livestock Sectors: A Preliminary Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hart,   Chad E.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/17/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Commodity markets; Corn price; Energy markets; Ethanol; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18290

Impact of United States Corn-based Ethanol Production on Land Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobowale,   Folakemi; Dicks,   Michael R.; Campiche,   Jody L.
The purpose of this research was to determine whether indirect land use occurs and if so to what extent.  Indirect land use is a change from non-cropland to cropland (e.g. deforestation) that may occur in response to increasing scarcity of cropland.  As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices in order to maintain the global food supply and demand balance, pristine lands are cleared and converted to new cropland to replace the crops for feed and food that were diverted elsewhere to biofuels production. We examine the impact of corn-based ethanol production in the United States on land use in other countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Energy; Biofuel; Pristine lands.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98854

Understanding Spatial Welfare Impacts of a Grain Ethanol Plant
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Wart,   Justin; Perrin,   Richard K.
A changing world of increasing complexity, fluctuating prices, high energy costs and limited data necessitate creative blending of economic theory and available empirical statistics to understand the welfare impacts in a specific market.  In this paper, a programming approach is used in tandem with spatial economic theory to understand the spatial welfare impacts of an ethanol plant established in an area with a beef feeding industry.  The study concludes that corn transportation costs are less significant in plant pricing strategy than originally identified by other studies.  Local ethanol plant competition is found to explain the lower-than-feed value pricing of ethanol byproducts at the plant.  In the study, average welfare effects are calculated for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial; Ethanol; Byproducts; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50823

Economic Effects of Biofuel Production on States and Rural Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
This study summarizes research on farm-, local-, regional-, and macro-level economic effects of ethanol production.  Given current production levels, the ethanol production industry annually employees approximately 3,500 workers, pays out nearly $132 million in worker salaries, generates over $110 million in local taxes, and takes in some $2 billion in government incentive payments.  Projections for a 60 million gallon per year ethanol plant indicate an annual increase in corn usage of 21 million bushels, a one-time capitalization of $75 million, an increase in local corn prices between $0.06/bushel and $0.12/bushel, a 54 direct and 210 indirect jobs created, and increase in local tax revenues of $1.2 million, a decrease in federal commodity program...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Ethanol; Local economy; Government subsidies; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q40; Q42; R10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43774

The Impact of Ethanol Plants on Land Values in the Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Jason R.; Gloy,   Brent A.
Corn ethanol plants consume large amounts of corn and their location has the potential to alter local crop prices and surrounding agricultural land values.  The relationship between ethanol plant location and agricultural land prices is examined using data obtained from the Agricultural Credit Survey administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.  The findings indicate that the portion of land price changes attributable to location is consistent with previous estimates of basis changes associated with ethanol plant location.  As a result, the land markets appear to be rationally adjusting to the location of ethanol plants.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farmland; Ethanol; Land values; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48148

Dynamic Effects of Grain and Energy Prices on the Catfish Feed and Farm Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Zheng,   Hualu.
This study examines the dynamic effects of grain prices and energy prices on catfish feed prices and the price of food-sized catfish at the farm level. Using the autoregressive distributed lag model and bounds testing procedure, a long-run relationship between feed and farm prices and their determinants was confirmed. Given the effect of corn and soybean meal prices on catfish feed prices, and catfish fish feed prices on farm prices, the long-run responsiveness of feed prices to a percentage increase in U.S. ethanol production is 0.325, and the responsiveness of catfish farm prices is 0.064. Although both feed and farm prices increase with ethanol production, the relatively small responsiveness of farm prices when compared with feed prices suggests that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Prices; Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model; Ethanol; Feed; Corn; Soybeans; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C32; Q11; Q22.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100520

Removal of U.S. Ethanol Domestic and Trade Distortions: Impact on U.S. and Brazilian Ethanol Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla.
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/06/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Renewable fuels; Trade liberalization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18364

Projeções do Agronegócio no Brasil – 2007/08 a 2017/18
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gasques,   Jose Garcia; Bastos,   Eliana Teles; Dossa,   Derli; Silva,   Lucille Freire Da; Paula,   Ricardo De Almeida.
Este trabalho é uma atualização resumida do trabalho de projeções do agronegócio Mundial e Brasil que tem sido feita pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) nestes últimos quatro anos. O período do estudo é 2007/2008 a 2017/2018. O trabalho de projeções tem por objetivo fornecer subsídios aos formuladores de políticas públicas quanto as principais tendências de produtos agropecuários, para a tomada de decisão e para o delineamento de linhas de atuação, embasando e fortalecendo os instrumentos de política agrícola nacionais. Para o setor privado a importância do trabalho se dá no sentido de indicar como o governo visualiza o futuro das principais cadeias do agronegócio, além de oferecer os resultados das projeções a partir dos quais...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agronegócio; Brasil; Grãos; Carnes; Etanol; Agribusiness; Brazil; Crops; Meat; Ethanol; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108153

Biofuel Economics in a Setting of Multiple Objectives &amp; Unintended Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaeger,   William K.; Egelkraut,   Thorsten M.
This paper examines biofuels from an economic perspective and evaluates the merits of promoting biofuel production in the context of the policies’ multiple objectives, life-cycle implications, pecuniary externalities, and other unintended consequences. The policy goals most often cited are to reduce fossil fuel use and to lower greenhouse gas emissions. But the presence of multiple objectives and various indirect effects complicates normative evaluation. To address some of these complicating factors, we look at several combinations of policy alternatives that achieve the same set of incremental gains along the two primary targeted policy dimensions, making it possible to compare the costs and cost-effectiveness of each combination of policies. For example,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Biodiesel; Cost-Effectiveness; Indirect Land Use Change Effects; Net Energy; Multiple Objectives; Ethanol; Ghg; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108203

MODELLING IMPACTS OF SOME EUROPEAN BIOFUEL MEASURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ledebur,   Oliver von; Salamon,   Petra; Zimmermann,   Andrei; van Leeuwen,   Myrna; Tabeau,   Andrzej A.; Chantreuil,   Frederic.
Against the background of increasing concerns regarding the energy supply security as well as environmental concern the interest for renewable energy sources has increased in recent years. The biofuel sector, backed by public policies, experienced a strong increase in and outside Europe. A methodology that allows for the estimation of the impacts of the fulfilment of the proposed biofuel targets in the EU member states is proposed and implemented in the AGMEMOD model for France and Germany. The so called normative approach, based on the use of a logistic function as biofuel demand function allows to perform simulations to assess the impact of the biofuel demand expansion on agricultural markets. The implemented approach and the simulation results indicate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel targets; Biodiesel; Ethanol; Modelling; Crop Production/Industries; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6649

Economic Feasibility of a Woody Biomass- Based Ethanol Plant in Central Appalachia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Jinzhuo; Sperow,   Mark; Wang,   Jingxin.
A mixed-integer programming model is developed to assess the economic feasibility of siting a woody biomass-based ethanol facility in the central Appalachian hardwood region. The model maximizes the net present value (NPV) of a facility over its economic life. Model inputs include biomass availability, biomass handling system type, plant investment and capacity, transportation logistics, feedstock and product pricing, project financing, and taxes. Four alternative woody biomass handling systems, which include all processes from stand to plant, are considered. Eleven possible plant locations were identified based on site selection requirements. Results showed that the optimal plant location was in Buckhannon, West Virginia. The NPV of the plant with a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Economic analysis; Ethanol; Optimization; Woody biomass; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99118

Impacts of Dramatic Increase in Corn Based Ethanol Production on Grain Production and Marketing Patterns in South Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qasmi,   Bashir A.; Hamda,   Yonas; Fausti,   Scott W.
Between 1995 and 2005, a drastic increase in ethanol production in the United States led to increased production of corn and substantially increased shares of corn destined for ethanol plants. The objectives of this paper are to investigate/identify: 1) the changes in the volume of grain handled by the elevators in South Dakota, 2) the changes in the destinations and the type of buyers for South Dakota grains, 3) the impacts of the ethanol plants on corn and other grain handled by the elevators which are located close to ethanol plants.  The results presented in this paper are mostly from a survey of grain elevators in South Dakota, completed in early 2008. The results from the survey are also compared to the results from a similar survey completed in 1996.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Corn; Corn production; Marketing patterns; Corn based ethanol; Production Economics; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113045

ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OFERTA E DEMANDA DE ETANOL NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Michelle Pinto; Alencar,   Junia Rodrigues de; Souza,   Geraldo da Silva e.
A grande necessidade de diminuir a dependência em relação ao petróleo devido aos seus preços em constante elevação, a preocupação com o meio ambiente (protocolo de kyoto) e a crescente demanda por carros flex tem colocado o etanol - uma energia totalmente renovável - em papel de destaque, como fonte alternativa de energia. A demanda e a oferta por este biocombustível são crescentes nos últimos anos e com grande possibilidade de se manter forte e dinâmica por vários anos. Neste contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar quais as variáveis que afetaram a oferta e a demanda de etanol no Brasil, no período de 1995 a 2006. O método de análise utilizado foi o modelo de equilíbrio simultâneo por meio de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios, com correção de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Etanol; Energia renovável; Biocombustível; Oferta e demanda; Equações simultâneas; Ethanol; Renewable energy; Biofuel; Supply; Demand; Simultaneous equations; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108835

An Economic Analysis of Corn-based Ethanol Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
A global multi-commodity simulation model was developed to estimate the impact of changes in ethanol production on the U.S. corn industry. Increased ethanol production under the Energy Acts of 2005 and 2007 resulted in a significant increase in the price of corn. However, for corn-based ethanol production, the break-even price of corn is approximately $4.52 per bushel with a federal subsidy of $0.51 per gallon of pure ethanol and $2.50 gasoline. With a corn price of $4.52, the economically desirable ethanol production is approximately 11 billion gallons. In order to produce 15 billion gallons of corn-based ethanol and to maintain the price of corn at $4.52 per bushel, supply of corn in the U.S. should be increased substantially through increases in corn...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Price impacts; Supply; Demand; Econometric simulation; HFCS; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6201

Impact of Expanded United States Sugar Imports from CAFTA Countries on the Ethanol Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Parker,   S. Janine.
The need to decrease the United States’ dependency on oil has pushed ethanol to the forefront of energy sources. In the U.S., corn is used to make ethanol. Corn-based ethanol production has been profitable over the past few years, but there has been a near doubling of corn prices in late 2006 and early 2007 (Outlaw, et. al., 2007). The trend is a constant rise in prices, which has given way to ethanol production by other sources of raw materials like sugarcane. Sugarcane ethanol is the most cost-efficient biofuel available anywhere in the world, and in the United States, the government supports sugar prices. Through the US sugar policy, sugar prices are controlled, and foreign imports are severely limited. Brazil is leading the way in sugarcane ethanol,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Sugarcane; Sugar; CAFTA-DR; Alternative Fuels; Biofuels; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46027

Price volatility in ethanol markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serra,   Teresa; Zilberman,   David.
Our paper looks at how price volatility in the Brazilian ethanol industry changes over time and across markets. Demand and supply forces in the energy and food markets are likely to ensure that crude oil, ethanol and feedstock prices co-move in the long-run. Hence, when assessing price volatility changes and spillovers in the ethanol industry, one should also pay attention to the notion of cointegration. Until recently, the methods proposed to estimate cointegration relationships, have not explicitly considered time varying volatility in the data. Seo (2007) suggests an estimator of the cointegration vector that explicitly models conditional heteroskedasticity. More specifically, he proposes a maximum likelihood estimator that estimates the error...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Volatility; Ethanol; Cointegration; Demand and Price Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q11; C32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49940

The Food versus Fuel Debate: Implications for Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrison,   R. Wes.
The effects of biofuel production on commodity prices and their transmission to retail food prices are discussed. Factors driving higher commodity prices are tight global supplies and increased demand of corn ethanol in the short term. Evidence suggests that higher corn prices contribute to food price inflation for some food items. These include eggs, poultry, pork, beef and milk. The findings imply that food price inflation for these items is related to increased production of corn ethanol, primarily because of high oil prices. Higher oil prices also increase fuel and energy costs, which increase marketing costs for all food categories.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Food prices; Ethanol; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q420; Q130.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53094

Integrative Investment Appraisal of a Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Ethanol Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tembo,   Gelson; Epplin,   Francis M.; Huhnke,   Raymond L.
While theoretically more efficient than starch-based ethanol production systems, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is not without major challenges. A multi-region, multi-period, mixed integer mathematical programming model encompassing alternative feedstocks, feedstock production, delivery, and processing is developed. The model is used to identify key cost components and potential bottlenecks, and to reveal opportunities for reducing costs and prioritizing research. The research objective was to determine for specific regions in Oklahoma the most economical source of lignocellulosic biomass, timing of harvest and storage, inventory management, biorefinery size, and biorefinery location, as well as the breakeven price of ethanol, for a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Biorefinery location; Ethanol; Integrative investment appraisal; Logistics; Mixed integer programming; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31070

Price volatility in ethanol markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serra,   Teresa; Zilberman,   David.
Our paper looks at how price volatility in the Brazilian ethanol industry changes over time and across markets by using a new methodological approach suggested by Seo (2007). The main advantage of Seo’s proposal over previously existing methods is that it allows to jointly estimate the cointegration relationship between the price series investigated and the multivariate GARCH process. Our results suggest that crude oil prices not only influence ethanol price levels, but also their volatility. Increased volatility in crude oil markets results in increased volatility in ethanol markets. Ethanol prices, on the other hand, influence sugar price levels and an increase in their volatility levels also impacts, though less strongly, on sugar markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Volatility; Ethanol; GARCH; Cointegration; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q11; C32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49188

Measurement of Sugar Cane Chain in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neves,   Marcos Fava; Gustavo Trombin,   Vinicius; Alberto Consoli,   Matheus.
Despite the historical importance of the sugarcane business in Brazil, which is as old in the country as its colonization, it has never been "photographed in widescreen". This research on the mapping and quantification of business generated in the sugarcane chain in 2008 for the first time gives the scale of the entire sugarcane productive chain in Brazil. The sector now shows the numbers that indicate the industry's role in building the country's GDP, as well as in job creation, tax generation, and the distribution (capillary) of economic activities. By applying the method Strategic Management of Agro-Systems (GESIS), developed by the first author, Professor Marcos Fava Neves, coordinator of the Marketing &amp; Strategic Projects and Research Center, USP...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chain mapping; Chain quantification; Agro-industry system; Sugar cane sector; Ethanol; Sugar; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93558

The Spatial Effect of Ethanol Biorefinery Locations on Local Corn Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katchova,   Ani L.
This study examines whether the local competition for corn to produce ethanol has lead to significantly higher prices for farmers located close to ethanol plants.  If any, such price premiums for spatial closeness would be in addition to the general level of corn price changes experienced by farmers throughout the U.S.  The difference-in-differences estimation method is used to account for both time and location differences in order to measure the interaction of time and location effects.  Using the USDA’s ARMS data, the results show that while prices in real terms have risen over time, farmers located close to ethanol plants have not received significantly higher prices than farmers living farther away from plants.  These findings indicate that there is a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn prices; Ethanol; Ethanol plant location; Difference-in-differences.; Agribusiness; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49309

Dynamic Price Relationships in the Grain and Cattle Markets, Pre and Post-Ethanol Mandate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tejeda,   Hernan A.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
This paper determines the dynamic interaction between prices of corn, soybean, grain sorghum (milo), wheat, feeder cattle and live (fed) cattle by taking into account the surge in corn consumption stemming from the boost of mandated ethanol production. Corn is a major carbohydrate-feed component of livestock, with grain sorghum and wheat serving as close substitutes. Moreover, soybean is an important protein-feed component. Being non-stationary data, a vector autoregressive (VAR) model (Sims, 1980) that includes an ‘error correction’ term is applied to the series; likewise known as a vector error correction (VEC) model (Engel and Granger, 1987 and Johansen, 1989). Two separate periods are estimated. The first considers prices prior to recent ethanol...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn Prices; Ethanol; Cattle Feed Price Dynamics; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103825

The Effect of Ethanol Production on the U.S. National Corn Price
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Hwanil; Fortenbery,   T. Randall.
A system of equations representing corn supply, feed demand, export demand, food, alcohol and industrial (FAI) demand, and corn price is estimated by three-stage least squares. A price dependent reduced form equation is then formed to investigate the effect of ethanol production on the national average corn price. The elasticity of corn price with respect to ethanol production is then obtained. Results suggest that ethanol production has a positive impact on the national corn price and that the demand from FAI has a greater impact on the corn price than other demand categories. Thus, significant growth in ethanol production is important in explaining corn price determination.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn price; Ethanol; Simultaneous equations; Three-state least squares; Elasticity.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37565

BIOREFINERIES USING AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK IN THE GREAT PLAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Hodur,   Nancy M.; Senechal,   Donald M.; Stowers,   Mark D.; McCalla,   Darold; Saffron,   Chris M.
Rising prices and uncertain supplies of petroleum, together with environmental concerns regarding fossil fuel combustion, has enhanced interest in biobased products and fuels. The work reported here analyzes the feasibility of a multi-product biorefinery using wheat straw as feedstock that produces ethanol, electricity, and cellulose nanofibers. The nanofibers (nanowhiskers) would be used as reinforcements in a biobased nanocomposite material that could substitute for fiberglass in many applications. The analysis indicates that, at 2005 prices and costs, the biorefinery would be marginally profitable. Anticipated advances in bioprocessing technology would enhance profitability. The facility would also make a substantial contribution to the biorefinery site...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Biomaterials; Ethanol; Wheat straw; Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW); Economic development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7323

Assessing the impact of U.S. ethanol market shocks on global crude oil and U.S. gasoline: A structural VAR approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McPhail,   Lihong Lu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Structural VAR; Ethanol; Crude oil; Gasoline; Shocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61136

Optimal Switchgrass Harvest Strategies Accounting for Yield and Nitrogen Requirement Differences by Month of Harvest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haque,   Mohua; Epplin,   Francis M.
Extending switchgrass harvest over many months would require a smaller investment in harvest machines, but would result in a lower average harvestable yield per acre and would require more nitrogen fertilizer, less land for storage, and more land for growing switchgrass.  A model was constructed and solved to determine the optimal strategy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Cellulosic; Ethanol; Harvest; Mathematical programming; Nitrogen; Switchgrass; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56435

The Economics of Harvesting and Transporting Hardwood Forest Residue for Conversion to Fuel Ethanol:  A Case Study for Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrolia,   Daniel R.
Forest residues are being considered as potential feedstock for a biomass-to-ethanol facility in Minnesota (USA), using residues from major wood-producing counties in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.  Results indicate that marginal residue costs delivered to a conversion facility would be $56-80/Mg for a small (95-189 MM liters) plant, and about $81/Mg for a larger (379 MM liters) plant.  Output beyond these levels would involve substitution of lower-cost market pulpwood as the plant feedstock because of relatively high marginal residue costs.  Sensitivity analysis indicates that either a 20-percent increase or decrease in the quantity of available residue would impact marginal cost estimates by no more than $15/Mg.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Economics; Ethanol; Residue supply; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14020

The Economic Growth Impacts of Sugarcane Expansion In Brazil: An Inter-Regional Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deuss,   Annelies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Sugarcane expansion; Economic growth; Propensity score; Ethanol; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; C21; O13; R13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103564

Bio Energy Entry Timing from a Resource Based View and Organizational Ecology Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ng,   Desmond W.; Goldsmith,   Peter D.
Recent changes in U.S. energy policy have prompted the growth of the bio energy market. The ability to quickly enter and respond to the opportunities of this market is critical to an agribusiness’ success. Understanding entry into this rapidly growing bio energy market, however, is not well understood. In drawing on management theories of the Resource Based View (RBV) and that of Organizational Ecology, this study develops a conceptual and dynamic programming model to explain the entry behaviors of different types of bio energy businesses. A contribution of this study is it demonstrates that bio energy entry decisions emphasize a basic trade-off involving gains from a commitment to specialized, and correspondingly higher cost assets, and gains from...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Management theory; Resource based view; Bio fuels; Ethanol; Organizational ecology entry timing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93350

Economics of grain accumulation for ethanol production: a regional case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderton,   N.; Kingwell,   Ross S.
Ethanol production is increasingly commonplace in many grain producing regions. This paper uses the grain producing region of Western Australia as a case study to illustrate how the location and size of an ethanol plant affects its grain accumulation costs. Specifically, this study examines how price variability of various wheat grades, combined with spatial and temporal variability in production of those grades affects the costs of grain accumulation for ethanol production. These costs are the main component of a plant's operating costs so lessening these costs can offer a comparative advantage for a plant owner. Logistics models' based on mathematical programming were constructed to depict a range of plant sizes and locations for ethanol production. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Mathematical programming; Logistics; Wheat; Grain quality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10349

UNICA: Challenges to Deliver Sustainability in the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaddad,   Fabio Ribas.
Teaching Notes Available: ifamr@ifama.org Author video introduction: http://www.youtube.com/user/ifamr1#p/u/7/4kZDvS7v5NA
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Biofuels; Ethanol; Industry association; Teaching case; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96332

Ethanol and Meat in the U.S.: A Multi-Market Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharya,   Suparna; Azzam,   Azzeddine M.; Mark,   Darrell R.
Since corn is the primary feedstock used for producing ethanol in the U.S., and ethanol production yields byproducts that can be fed to livestock in combination with corn, addressing the effect of ethanol production on meat markets should consider not only demand and supply interdependence between corn, ethanol, and ethanol byproducts; but also demand and supply interdependence between different types of meats. This paper develops a multi-market equilibrium displacement model to account for the interdependence. Six markets are considered: beef, pork, poultry, corn, ethanol, and ethanol byproducts. Results show that poultry is the most sensitive to ethanol production, followed by beef and pork.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and price analysis; Ethanol; U.S. livestock sectors; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49371

Policies to Facilitate Conversion of Millions of Acres to the Production of Biofuel Feedstock
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epplin,   Francis M.; Haque,   Mohua.
First-generation grain ethanol biofuel has affected the historical excess capacity problem in U.S. agriculture. Second-generation cellulosic ethanol biofuel has had difficulty achieving cost-competitiveness. Third-generation drop-in biofuels are under development. If lignocellulosic biomass from perennial grasses becomes the feedstock of choice for second- and third-generation biorefineries, an integrated system could evolve in which a biorefinery directly manages feedstock production, harvest, storage, and delivery. Modeling was conducted to determine the potential economic benefits from an integrated system. Relatively low-cost public policies that could be implemented to facilitate economic efficiency are proposed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Bio-oil; Cellulosic; Drop-in fuels; Ethanol; Land-lease contract; Lignocellulosic; Pyrolysis; Switchgrass; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q15; Q42.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113532

The Emergence of an Agro-Energy Sector: Is Agriculture Importing Instability from the Oil Sector?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Kebede,   Ellene.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Corn; Oil; Ethanol; Biofuels; Prices; Agribusiness; Q11; Q42; Q48.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94695

A Welfare Analysis of the U.S. Ethanol Subsidy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Du,   Xiaodong; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Baker,   Mindy L.
Based on a transparent analytical model of multiple markets including corn, ethanol, gasoline, and transportation fuel, this study estimates the welfare changes for consumers and producers resulting from ethanol production and related support polices in 2007. The welfare estimation takes into account the second-best gain from eliminating loan deficiency payments. The results suggest the total social cost is about $0.78 billion for given market parameters. We validate the model’s underlying assumption and test for the results’ sensitivity to assumed parameters.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer surplus; Deadweight loss; Ethanol; Subsidy; Substitution.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44538

Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts of Ethanol Production on Fertilizer Use in Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Vialou,   Alexandre; Erickson,   Kenneth W.; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
The share of corn used in ethanol production has been growing rapidly. USDA predicts that more than 30 percent of the corn crop will be used for ethanol production in 2009/2010. Expanded corn acreage contributes to the application of more fertilizer and is likely to introduce a larger volume of nutrients into the environment. This study found that an increase in ethanol production is consistent with a significant increase in quality-adjusted fertilizer use in selected corn states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted fertilizer; Corn production; Ethanol; Excess nutrients; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6736

Impact of United States Corn-Based Ethanol Production on Land Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobowale,   Flakkeh; Dicks,   Michael R.; Adam,   Brian D.; Campiche,   Jody L.
This study measures the impact of corn-based ethanol production in the United States on land use in other countries, or indirect land use. Indirect land use is a change from non-cropland to cropland (e.g. deforestation) that may occur in response to increasing scarcity of cropland. As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices in order to maintain the global food supply and demand balance, pristine lands are cleared and converted to new cropland to replace the crops for feed and food that were diverted elsewhere to biofuel production.   The results show that increasing ethanol production in the US has a positive and significant relation to U.S corn price. However, U.S. corn price does not have a significant impact on changes in corn acreage in Brazil...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Indirect land use; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Marketing.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119800

Biofuels: review of policies and impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janda,   Karel; Kristoufek,   Ladislav; Zilberman,   David.
This paper provides an overview of the environmental, economical, and policy  considerations related to biofuels. While the biofuel production and consumption  exhibited significant increase over the first decade of the new millennium,  this and further increases in biofuel production are driven primarily by  government policies. Currently available first generation biofuels are with a  few exceptions not economically viable in the absence of fiscal incentives or  high oil prices. Also the environmental impacts of biofuels as an alternative  to fossil fuels are quite ambiguous. The review of the most recent economic  models dealing with biofuels and their economic impacts provides a distinction  between structural and reduced form models. The review of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120415

Breaking into the Cellulosic Ethanol Market: Capacity and Storage Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darby,   Paul M.; Mark,   Tyler B.; Salassi,   Michael E.
This paper examines the possibilities of breaking into the cellulosic ethanol market in south Louisiana via strategic feedstock choices and the leveraging of the area’s competitive advantages. A small plant strategy is devised whereby the first-mover problem might be solved, and several scenarios are tested using Net Present Value analysis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cellulosic ethanol; Sugarcane; Energy cane; Sweet sorghum; Bagasse; Ethanol; Biofuel; Bioethanol; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56542

Economic Efficiency of Ethanol Plants in the US North Central Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sesmero,   Juan P.; Perrin,   Richard K.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
In this study we use data envelopment analysis to decompose the overall economic efficiency of a sample of ethanol plants into three subcomponents: technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and a new component we call marketing efficiency. The relative importance of these sources of efficiency is of particular interest given the recent history of bankruptcies, plant closings and ownership change in the industry. Results reveal that observed production units are very efficient from a technical point of view as suggested by a standard deviation of 1% in technical efficiency. However, our results also show that bigger plants tend to be more economically efficient than others. The conventional methodology would have identified this difference as coming from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Data envelopment analysis; Efficiency decomposition; Marketing efficiency; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61639

Ethanol Plant Investment using Net Present Value and Real Options Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Luo,   Jianchuan; Tauer,   Loren W.
A real option analysis of dry-grind corn ethanol plants compared to a standard net present value analysis (NPV) shows that the option values increase entry prices and lower exit prices of investment and disinvestment considerably. For a large plant, the gross margin of ethanol price over the corn price for a gallon of ethanol using NPV shows that entry will occur with a $0.45 margin and shutdown will occur at a $0.38. Under a real options framework, the margins for entry and exit become $1.33 and $0.13, respectively. Under baseline conditions, a large operating plant would become mothballed at $0.18 and reactivate if margins rebounded to $0.66. Growth in the variability of ethanol margins will delay new plant investments, as well as exits of currently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Net Present Value; Real Options Analyses; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D21; D81; Q4.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51145

The Economics of Harvesting and Transporting Corn Stover for Conversion to Fuel Ethanol: A Case Study for Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrolia,   Daniel R.
Corn stover harvest and transport cost functions were estimated for two harvest operations for a proposed biomass-to-ethanol conversion facility located in southern Minnesota, USA.  This work presents an alternative methodology to estimating corn stover quantities and harvest costs at the county level, taking into account county-specific yields, transportation distances, erosion constraints, machinery specifications, and other key variables.  Monte Carlo simulation was also used to estimate the probability distribution of costs under alternative assumption on key parameters whose values vary widely in the literature.  Marginal stover cost for 50MM gal/year of ethanol output was estimated at $54/dt ($0.77/gal ethanol) for the more intensive harvest method...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Corn stover; Economics; Ethanol; Lignocellulose; Monte Carlo; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14213

Biofuels: Potential Production Capacity, Effects on Grain and Livestock Sectors, and Implications for Food Prices and Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Dong,   Fengxia; Hart,   Chad E.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Pan,   Suwen; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Dumortier,   Jerome.
We examined four evolution paths of the biofuel sector using a partial equilibrium world agricultural sector model in CARD that includes the new RFS in the 2007 EISA, a two-way relationship between fossil energy and biofuel markets, and a new trend toward corn oil extraction in ethanol plants. At one extreme, one scenario eliminates all support to the biofuel sector when the energy price is low, while the other extreme assumes no distribution bottleneck in ethanol demand growth when the energy price is high. The third scenario considers a pure market force driving ethanol demand growth because of the high energy price, while the last is a policy-induced shock with removal of the biofuel tax credit when the energy price is high. Standard results hold where...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; EISA; Ethanol; Tax credit; World agricultural sector model; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q13; Q18; Q38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53093

2010 Outlook for the U.S. and World Corn and Soybean Industries, 2009-2019
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
This report evaluates the United States and world corn and soybean markets for the 2009-2019 time period using the Global Corn and Soybean Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. The major influence in the corn market will be U.S. corn based ethanol production. If the production of corn based ethanol remains strong, corn prices will likely remain strong. However, if the U.S. Federal government subsidies or mandates change, the world corn market could be negatively impacted. Under the current assumptions in the model, corn price is expected to remain in a range between $3.70 and $4.10 per bushel. The level of Chinese...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Corn; Soybeans; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ethanol; Ending stocks; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92003

Are Local Corn Prices Affected by the Location of Ethanol Biorefineries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katchova,   Ani L.
This study examines whether the local competition for corn to produce ethanol has lead to significantly higher prices for farmers located close to ethanol biorefineries. If any, such price premiums for spatial closeness would be in addition to the general level of corn price changes experienced by farmers throughout the U.S. The difference-in-differences estimation method is used to account for both time and spatial differences in order to measure the interaction of time and spatial effects. Using the USDA’s ARMS data, the results show that while prices in real terms have changed over time, farmers located close to ethanol biorefineries have not received significantly higher prices than farmers living farther away from biorefineries. These findings...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn prices; Ethanol; Ethanol plant location; Difference-in-differences.; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114769

A Spatial Equilibrium Model of the Impact of Bio-Fuels Energy Policy on Grain Transportation Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmedov,   Zafarbek; Power,   Gabriel J.; Vedenov,   Dmitry V.; Fuller,   Stephen W.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Vadali,   Sharada.
Traffic flows in the U.S. have been affected by the substantial increase and, as of January 2009, decrease in biofuel production and use. This paper considers a framework to study the effect on grain transportation flows of the 2005 Energy Act and subsequent legislation, which mandated higher production levels of biofuels, e.g. ethanol and biodiesels. Future research will incorporate changes due to the recent economic slowdown.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Biodiesel; Spatial equilibrium; Quadratic programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49837

Impact and competitiveness of EU biofuel market – First view of the prices of biofuel market in relation to the global players
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xing.
The goal of this study is to investigate the price relationship of EU biofuel market with other main markets in both horizontal level and vertical level. We first carry out Granger causality between ethanol price of EU, USA and Brazil. Secondly, we use vecto error cointegration Mechnism (VECM) to test the relationship between three selected vegetable oil prices in EU to see the competive potential of EU rapeseed oil compared with imported crude palm oil and soybean oil as the feedstock of biodiesel. Evidence shows that there is a unidirectional Granger causation from both USA and Brazil to EU market. USA price of ethanol is the most influential among the three price series, and EU has the least influence on the contrary. It indicates that it is very...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Vegetable oils; Feedstock; Directives; VECM; Granger causality; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6501

Economic Analysis of Cellulase Production by Clostridium thermocellum in Solid State and Submerged Fermentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuang,   Jun; Marchant,   Mary A.; Nokes,   Sue; Strobel,   Herbert.
Dependence on foreign oil remains a serious issue for the U.S. economy. Additionally, automobile emissions related to petroleum-based, fossil fuel has been cited as one source of environmental problems, such as global warming and reduced air quality. Using agricultural and forest biomass as a source for the biofuel ethanol industry, provides a partial solution by displacing some fossil fuels. However, the use of high cost enzymes as an input is a significant limitation for ethanol production. Economic analyses of cellulase enzyme production costs using solid state cultivation (SSC) are performed and compared to the traditional submerged fermentation (SmF) method. Results from this study indicate that the unit costs for the cellulase enzyme production are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Enzyme production; Ethanol; Solid state fermentation; Submerged fermentation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31982

Impact of Ethanol Production on U.S. and Regional Gasoline Prices and On the Profitability of U.S. Oil Refinery Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Du,   Xiaodong; Hayes,   Dermot J.
Using pooled regional time-series data and panel data estimation, we quantify the impact of monthly ethanol production on monthly retail regular gasoline prices. This analysis suggests that the growth in ethanol production has caused retail gasoline prices to be $0.29 to $0.40 per gallon lower than would otherwise have been the case. The analysis shows that the negative impact of ethanol on gasoline prices varies considerably across regions. The Midwest region has the biggest impact, at $0.39/gallon, while the Rocky Mountain region had the smallest impact, at $0.17/gallon. The results also indicate that ethanol production has significantly reduced the profit margin of the oil refinery industry. The results are robust with respect to alternative model...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crack spread; Crude oil prices; Ethanol; Gasoline prices; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6353

Spatial Marketing Patterns for Corn Under the Condition of Increasing Ethanol Production in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conley,   Dennis M.; George,   Adam.
Events external to agriculture have set in motion the conditions for structural change in the marketing of corn in the U.S. These included a rapid increase in the price of crude oil from $40 per barrel to over $100 caused by hurricanes, geopolitical events, an increased global demand for energy from countries like China and India, and in December 2007, the U.S. raising the renewable fuel standards. The results of this research show that there could be significant changes in the historical utilization and marketing of corn in the U.S. The change in movement patterns provides one source of visible evidence that a structural change is underway.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Corn; Spatial marketing; Structural change; Crude oil; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q13; Q27.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53726

2011 Outlook of the U.S. and World Corn and Soybean Industries, 2010-2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
This report evaluates the United States and world corn and soybean markets for the 2010-2020 period using the Global Corn and Soybean Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. Corn-based ethanol production has influenced United States corn industry. As long as the production of corn-based ethanol remains strong, corn prices will likely remain at a level higher than the long term average. However, changes in the U.S. Federal government subsidies or mandates could significantly impact the world corn market. Under the current assumptions in the model, corn price is expected to remain in a range between $4.68 and $5.35 per...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Corn; Soybeans; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ethanol; Ending stocks.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115564

Challenges to Producer Ownership of Ethanol and Biodiesel Production Facilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kenkel,   Philip L.; Holcomb,   Rodney B.
This study examines the rapidly expanding biofuels industry and identifies challenges for producer-owned biofuel projects.  The U.S. ethanol industry has been growing rapidly, and biodiesel production is poised for similar growth.  Producer involvement is driven by the desire to add value to farm commodities and the impact of biofuel projects on local grain prices.  Local state and federal incentives have also stimulated producer interest.  The long-run profitability of biofuel projects is driven by feedstock availability, access to market centers for biofuels, access to markets for coproducts, and utility costs and availability.  The rapidly increasing size and scale of ethanol and biodiesel plants make it difficult for producers to fund these projects....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternative energy biodiesel; Ethanol; Producer-owned business; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q42; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43772

Bio-energy production in the sugar industry: an integrated modeling approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haque,   Imdadul; Rozakis,   Stelios; Ganko,   Ewa; Kallivroussis,   Leonidas.
Recent reforms in the Common Agricultural Policy and the sugar regime caused serious concerns for the future of the European sugar industry. At the same time, the European Commission considers transportation bio-fuels as a key factor for reducing reliance on imported fuels, emission levels of greenhouse gases and to meet rural development goals. Matching the sugar sector with bio-ethanol production may create opportunities for sustainable management of the existing sugar industry infrastructure and also serve bio-fuel policy targets. A partial equilibrium economic model is used in order to evaluate the shift from sugar to bio-ethanol production in Thessaly, Greece. In the agricultural feedstock supply and industrial processing sub-models are articulated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sugar beet; Grain; Ethanol; Mathematical programming; Greece; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58026

An Ethanol Blend Wall Shift is Prone to Increase Petroleum Gasoline Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Cheng; Colson,   Gregory; Zhang,   Zibin; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
The US Environmental Protection Agency announced a waiver allowing an increase in the Fuel-Ethanol blend limit (the “blend wall” ) from 10% (E10) to 15% (E15) on October,2010.Justifications for the waiver are reduced vehicle fuel prices and less consumption of petroleum gasoline, leading to energy security. In this paper, employing Monte Carlo simulations and Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter, an empirical study examines this waiver revealing an anomaly where a relaxation of this blend wall elicits a demand response. Under a wide range of elasticities, this demand response can actually increase the consumption of petroleum gasoline and thus lead to greater energy insecurity. The economics supporting this result and associated policy implications are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Blend wall; Energy security; Ethanol; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98795

POTENTIAL CORN ACREAGE EXPANSION FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION: WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA--MINOT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.
Several recent developments have stimulated farmers' interest in raising corn for ethanol production in northwestern North Dakota.  The purpose of this study is to estimate the corn supply response of western North Dakota farmers for ethanol production.  Two focus groups of western North Dakota farmers (Williston and Minot) were organized.  The market premium over prevailing local corn prices that was required by western North Dakota farms to entice additional production of an ethanol specific hybrid was determined.  Aggregation of these farm responses yielded a supply function of corn for the region.  Results show that sufficient corn can be produced in the surrounding region to support a 12 million gallon ethanol facility if modest price premiums are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Corn supply; Response; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23582

Examining the Evolving Correspondence Between Petroleum Prices and Agricultural Commodity Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campiche,   Jody L.; Bryant,   Henry L.; Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
Over the last few years, the production of renewable fuels has increased dramatically.  Rising oil prices, limited supplies of fossil fuel, and increased concerns about global warming have created a growing demand for renewable energy sources.  Both the ethanol and biodiesel industries have experienced tremendous growth in the past few years.  The production of these fuels is highly dependent on the availability of agricultural feedstocks.  This research examined the covariability between crude oil prices and corn, sorghum, sugar, soybeans, soybean oil, and palm oil prices during the 2003-2007 time period.  Johansen cointegration tests revealed no cointegrating relationships during the 2003-2005 time frame.  However, corn prices and soybean prices were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Renewable fuels; Crude oil prices; Cointegration; Demand and Price Analysis; Q11; Q13; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9881

Environmental Efficiency Among Corn Ethanol Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sesmero,   Juan P.; Perrin,   Richard K.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
Economic viability of the US corn ethanol industry depends on prices, technical and economic efficiency of plants and on continuation of policy support. Public policy support is tied to the environmental efficiency of plants measured as their impact on emissions of greenhouse gases. This study evaluates the environmental efficiency of seven recently constructed ethanol plants in the North Central region of the U.S., using nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA). The minimum level of GHG emissions feasible with the available technology is calculated for each plant and this level is used to decompose environmental efficiency into its technical and allocative sources. Results show that, on average, plants in our sample may be able to reduce GHG...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Data envelopment analysis; Life-cycle emissions; Environmental efficiency; Shadow prices; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61650

Land Allocation Effects of the Global Ethanol Surge: Predictions from the International FAPRI Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculture for the coming decade using the multi-market multi-commodity international FAPRI model. The model incorporates the tradeoffs between biofuel, feed, and food production and consumption and international feedback effects of the emergence through world commodity prices and trade. We examine land allocation by type of crop, and pasture use for countries growing feedstock for ethanol (corn, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, and other grains) and major crops competing with feedstock for land resources such as oilseeds. We shock the model with exogenous changes in ethanol demand, first in the United States, then in Brazil, China, EU, and India, and compute shock multipliers for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage; Area; Biofuel; Corn; Crops; Ethanol; FAPRI model; Feedstock; Land; Sugar; Sugarcane; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q17; Q15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6183

Food or Fuel? Choices and Conflicts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elam,   Thomas E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Corn Prices; Biofuels Policy; Tax Credits; RFS; Food versus Fuel; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q28; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94664

How Market Efficiency and the Theory of Storage Link Corn and Ethanol Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mallory,   Mindy L.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Irwin,   Scott H.
In this article we use the theories of market efficiency and supply of storage to develop a conceptual link between the corn and ethanol markets and explore statistical evidence for the link. We propose that a long-run no-profit condition is established in distant futures markets for ethanol, corn, and natural gas and then use the theory of storage to define an inter-temporal equilibrium among these prices. The relationship shows that under certain conditions, future price expectations will influence current spot prices and that a short-term relationship between input and output prices will exist. This short-term relationship will contain fixed costs. We demonstrate validity of the theory using a structural price model and then by means of time-series...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Arbitrage; Cointegration; Corn; Energy; Ethanol; Futures; Price-analysis; Storage.; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97611

Understanding the Underlying Fundamentals of Ethanol Markets: Linkages between Energy and Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.
This study analyzes the impact of price shocks in three input and output markets critical to ethanol: gasoline, corn, and sugar. We investigate the impact of these shocks on ethanol and related agricultural markets in the United States and Brazil. We find that the composition of a country's vehicle fleet determines the direction of the response of ethanol consumption to changes in the gasoline price. We also find that a change in feedstock costs affects the profitability of ethanol producers and the domestic ethanol price. In Brazil, where two commodities compete for sugarcane, changes in the sugar market affect the competing ethanol market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Energy; Ethanol; Renewable fuels; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q11; Q18; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9795

Testing for Speculative Behavior in US Corn Ethanol Investments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumarappan,   Subbu; Gustafson,   Cole R.
Crude oil price speculation during 2000s could have increased installed capacity in corn ethanol plants  beyond what was warranted by the market factors. We use   Muth’s commodity pricing model and Flood and Garber’s tests to test for speculative investment in US corn ethanol industry. The ethanol price expectations are derived using a system of supply-demand-inventory describing US ethanol markets under rational expectations (perfect foresight). These price expectations can help differentiate the installed capacity into two: capacity supported by the market fundamentals and the probable capacity that is installed based on speculation. Econometric estimation procedures and functional form approximations are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Speculation; Commodity prices; Investment; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Q14; Q41; D8; L71.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61418

Economic Competitiveness of Bioenergy Production and Effects on Agriculture of the Southern Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: English,   Burton C.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; Walsh,   Marie E.; Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Menard,   R. Jamey.
The economic competitiveness of biobased industries is discussed by comparing the South relative to other regions of the United States and biomass as a feedstock source relative to fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum.  An estimate of the biomass resource base is provided.  Estimated changes in the agricultural sector over time resulting from the development of a large-scale biobased industry are reported, and a study on the potential to produce electricity from biomass compared with coal in the southern United States is reviewed.  A biobased industry can increase net farm income and enhance economics development and job creation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biobased industries; Biomass; Cofire; Energy; Ethanol; Lignocellulosic; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q41; R15; Q11.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43775

PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR AN INTEGRATED BIOMATERIALS AND ETHANOL BIOREFINERY USING WHEAT STRAW FEEDSTOCK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Senechal,   Donald M.; Stowers,   Mark D.; McDonald,   William F.; Saffron,   Chris M.; Hodur,   Nancy M.
Biobased products and fuels appear to have a very bright future.  A consortium led by NDSU is currently engaged in a project that would use cellulose nanofibers derived from wheat straw to make a product that could substitute for fiberglass and plastics in many applications, including automotive parts.  The work described here analyzes the economic value of producing cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) as a co-product in an ethanol biorefinery.  An ASPEN Plus-based process model was developed to evaluate ethanol production from wheat straw.  The base case model generated 54.418 million gallons per year (MGPY) of denatured ethanol, using approximately 900,000 tons per year of wheat straw feedstock.  The capital cost was estimated at $185 million.  Total operating...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Biomaterials; Ethanol; Wheat straw; Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW); Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23500

SPATIAL COMPETITION AND ETHANOL PLANT LOCATION DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarmiento,   Camilo; Wilson,   William W.
This article estimates factors that impact location decisions by new ethanol plants using logistic regression analysis and spatial correlation techniques. The results indicate that location decisions are impacted by the agricultural characteristics of a county, competition, and state-level subsidies. Spatial competition is particularly important. Existence of a competing ethanol plant reduces the likelihood of making a positive location decision and this impact decreases with distance. State-level subsidies are significant and a very important factor impacting ethanol location decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Location decisions; Spatial correlation; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6175

Economic Feasibility of Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Juice in Texas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Brittany D.; Richardson,   James W.; Frosch,   Brian J.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Rooney,   William L.
The economic feasibility of producing ethanol from sweet sorghum juice is projected using Monte Carlo simulation models to estimate the price ethanol plants will likely have to pay for sweet sorghum and the uncertain returns for ethanol plants. Ethanol plants in high yielding regions will likely generate returns on assets of 11%-12% and in low yield areas the returns on assets will be less than 10%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sweet Sorghum; Ethanol; Monte Carlo Simulation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; D20  G10  D81  C15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46852

Virtual Investment Concepts and the Ethanol Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siebert,   John W.; Hagerman,   Amy D.; Park,   John L.
The fast-growing US ethanol industry has historically been characterized by large downstream investments made by farmers. The authors assess the value which the stock market may hold for downstream investment by farmers as well as by ethanol manufacturers themselves. The model framework used herein expands on the original VEST framework developed by Siebert, Jones and Sporleder. A word of caution, the model herein is not intended to provide an on-going, risk-reducing business strategy. However, it can and does provide a quick method to calculate the reasonableness of a downstream investment request that a farmer (or any business person) might be challenged to consider. Although virtual stock market investments may certainly assist in value added...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Corn; Equities; Ethanol; Value added; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q32.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53737

ECONOMICS OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION/COMBUSTION AT FUEL ETHANOL PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiffany,   Douglas G.; Morey,   R. Vance; De Kam,   Matthew J.
Published in Applied Engineering in Agriculture,  Vol. 25(3): 391‐400
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Biomass; Economics; CHP; Emissions; Process heat; Electricity production; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93632

TEREMOS QUE TROCAR ENERGIA POR COMIDA? ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO DA EXPANSÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOBRE O PREÇO DA TERRA E DOS ALIMENTOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chagas,   Andre Luiz Squarize; Toneto Junior,   Rudinei.
O trabalho discute os principais argumentos contrários a expansão da produção de cana-de-açúcar no país, sobretudo para produção de etanol. Mais especificamente, um dos obstáculos à expansão da produção desta commodity diz respeito ao seu potencial impacto sobre o preço da terra e, conseqüentemente, sobre os preços dos alimentos. Os defensores deste ponto de vista argumentam que a pressão sobre os preços da terra seria inevitavelmente repassada para o preço dos alimentos, prejudicando, sobretudo, os mais pobres. No trabalho analisa-se 26 anos de produção de cana-de-açúcar, preço da terra e preços dos alimentos, em dados semestrais, por meio de abordagem VAR. Nossos resultados sugerem que não existe relação de causalidade no sentido de Granger entre...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Etanol; Preço da terra; Cointegração; Ethanol; Land price; Cointegration; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108570

The Impact of Ethanol Plants on Cropland Values in the Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Jason R.; Gloy,   Brent A.
Corn ethanol plants consume large amounts of corn and their location has the potential to alter local crop prices and surrounding agricultural land values. The relationship between ethanol plant location and agricultural land prices is examined using data obtained from the Agricultural Credit Survey administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. The findings indicate that the portion of land price changes attributable to location is consistent with previous estimates of basis changes associated with ethanol plant location. As a result, the land markets appear to be rationally adjusting to the location of ethanol plants.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmland; Ethanol; Land values; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Financial Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51080

Crop-Based Biofuel Production under Acreage Constraints and Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Mindy L.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
A myriad of policy issues and questions revolve around understanding the bioeconomy. To gain insight, we develop a stochastic and dynamic general equilibrium model and capture the uncertain nature of key variables such as crude oil prices and commodity yields. We also incorporate acreage limitations on key feedstocks such as corn, soybeans, and switchgrass. We make standard assumptions that investors are rational and engage in biofuel production only if returns exceed what they can expect to earn from alternative investments. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandates the use of 36 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022, with significant requirements for cellulosic biofuel and biodiesel production. We calculate the level of tax credits required...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biofuels; Cellulosic; Dynamic; Ethanol; General equilibrium; Monte Carlo; Market; Crop Production/Industries; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6314

APLICAÇÃO DA ANÁLISE ENVOLTÓRIA DE DADOS (DEA) PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE EFICIÊNCIA DE USINAS DE AÇÚCAR E ÁLCOOL DA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salgado Junior,   Alexandre Pereira; Bonacim,   Carlos Alberto Grespan; Pacagnella Junior,   Antonio Carlos.
This aim of this article is to analyze the relation of size and operational efficiency of sugar and ethanol plants in the northeastern region of São Paulo state. In order to achieve this goal, a survey was conducted to identify the consumption of the main resources (inputs) and product creation (outputs) in a random sample of twenty six units, which allowed for their classification according to size. This enabled the creation of an efficiency ranking, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), whose variables were chosen by the stepwise method. The results suggest that, for the plants studied, there is no direct relation between size and operational efficiency, which can be explained by technical aspects associated to the inputs. The results provide subsides...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sugar and Ethanol Plants; Ethanol; Agribusiness; Efficiency and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90697

Welfare Changes from the U.S. Ethanol Tax Credit: The Role of Uncertainty and Interlinked Commodity Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Mindy L.
A model of the corn, soybean, and wheat markets calculates welfare effects of the U.S. ethanol tax credit. Crop yields are uncertain, and demand consists of feed, food, energy, and exports. Modeling uncertainty in crop yields allows the valuation of deficiency payments as options. Disaggregating demand records who benefits from the tax credit and by how much; incorporating linked crop markets captures indirect effects important for determining the transfer from consumers to producers. There is $600 million in net welfare loss, increased taxpayer liability, and a large transfer from consumers to farmers. A brief comparison of recent literature is included.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Commodity; Ethanol; Tax credit; Uncertainty; Welfare.; Risk and Uncertainty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45627

China-U.S. Potential Non-food Ethanol Exportation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor; Li,   Tongzhe.
To reduce national oil dependency, ethanol has been given a center stage of U.S. energy sources. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program was launched to increase the volume of renewable gasoline from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2012, among which 15 billion are corn-based ethanol, while U.S. corn-based ethanol can hardly achieve this level. There is a trend that indicates U.S. importing ethanol from other countries, so a bilateral trade system has been established between U.S. and Brazil since 2003. The annual import is 211 million gallons in 2008 (USDC, 2009). Nevertheless, this amount is far away from the target, and the worldwide food shortage called us to divert our attention from fuel to food.  China, as the third largest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Efficiency; Non-food; Productivity; Feedstocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56469

Entry of Alternative Fuels in a Volatile U.S. Gasoline Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vedenov,   Dmitry V.; Duffield,   James A.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Dramatic increases in levels and volatility of gasoline prices observed in recent years may create market incentives for adoption of alternative fuels characterized by lower price volatility. This hypothesis is investigated by applying the real-options pricing approach to develop optimal thresholds for switching from conventional gasoline to alternative fuels such as ethanol blends. The main result of the paper is that given the historical price patterns of conventional gasoline and ethanol, switching to ethanol blends is an economically sound decision provided this does not decrease efficiency of the vehicle. Analysis of data subsamples during the periods of higher volatility of gasoline prices (Gulf War and War on Terrorism) provides even stronger...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternative fuels; Decision making under uncertainty; Ethanol; Price volatility; Real options; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10144

Examination of Ethanol Marketing and Input Procurement Practices of the U.S. Ethanol Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spaulding,   Aslihan D.; Schmidgall,   Timothy J.
Growing concerns about the dependence on foreign oil and high prices of gasoline have led to rapid growth in ethanol production in the past decade. Unlike earlier development of the ethanol industry which was highly concentrated in a few large corporations, recent ownership of the ethanol plants has been by farmer-owned cooperatives. Not much is known about the marketing and purchasing practices and plants’ flexibility with respect to adapting new technologies. The purpose of this research is to fill the gap in knowledge on these practices and to test whether the practices differ with the size and type of ownership.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Marketing; Input procurement; Technology; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6457

Bio-ethanol Production from Wheat in the Winter Rainfall Region of South Africa: A Quantitative Risk Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Lemmer,   Wessel J.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
Contrary to developments in other parts of the world, South Africa has not developed a bio-ethanol industry. The objective was to quantify the risks and economic viability of a wheat based bio-ethanol plant in the winter rainfall region of South Africa. Monte Carlo simulation of a bio-ethanol plant was used to quantify the risk that investors will likely face. Under the Base scenario a 103 million liter bio-ethanol plant would not offer a reasonable chance of being economically viable. Alternative price enhancing policies were analyzed to determine policy changes needed to make a bio-ethanol plant economically viable in the region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Risk analysis; Simulation; Economic viability; Simetar; SERF; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8192

Inside the Black Box: Price Linkage and Transmission Between Energy and Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Du,   Xiaodong; McPhail,   Lihong Lu.
This study addresses the complex relationship between energy and agricultural markets—represented by corn, ethanol, and gasoline prices—particularly in light of the growth in biofuel production. Contemporaneous price response and transmission of market shocks are investigated in a simultaneous-equation system to disclose fundamental driving forces before and after the development of large-scale ethanol production. We use a dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH model to demonstrate a strengthening relationship among corn, ethanol, and gasoline prices. We identify a structural change point at March 25, 2008 using the test by Bai and Perron (2003).  The strengthened market relationship is further illustrated by variance decomposition based on a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn; Ethanol; Gasoline; Structural break; Structural VAR; GARCH; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C32; Q11; Q4.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103268

The Impact of Ethanol Production on U.S. and Regional Gasoline Prices and on the Profitability of the U.S. Oil Refinery Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Du,   Xiaodong; Hayes,   Dermot J.
Using pooled regional time-series data and panel data estimation, we quantify the impact of monthly ethanol production on monthly retail regular gasoline prices. This analysis suggests that the growth in ethanol production has caused retail gasoline prices to be $0.29 to $0.40 per gallon lower than would otherwise have been the case. The analysis shows that the negative impact of ethanol on gasoline prices varies considerably across regions. The Midwest region has the biggest impact, at $0.39/gallon, while the Rocky Mountain region had the smallest impact, at $0.17/gallon. The results also indicate that ethanol production has significantly reduced the profit margin of the oil refinery industry. The results are robust with respect to alternative model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crack spread; Crude oil prices; Ethanol; Gasoline prices; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6235

Effects of Increased Biofuels on the U.S. Economy in 2022
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Achieving greater energy security by reducing dependence on foreign petroleum is a goal of U.S. energy policy. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) calls for a Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS-2), which mandates that the United States increase the volume of biofuel that is blended into transportation fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Long-term technological advances are needed to meet this mandate. This report examines how meeting the RFS-2 would affect various key components of the U.S. economy. If biofuel production advances with cost-reducing technology and petroleum prices continue to rise as projected, the RFS-2 could provide economywide benefits. However, the actual level of benefits (or costs) to the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy; Economywide; Ethanol; Petroleum; Trade; Macroeconomic factors; RFS-2; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96758

Chicago Board of Trade Ethanol Contract Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Funk,   Samuel M.; Zook,   James E.; Featherstone,   Allen M.
Firms producing ethanol may find management of the price risk associated with production of this leading alternative fuel a key factor to continued success. As with other agricultural commodities, the influence and ability of futures contracts to serve as a risk management tool deserves attention.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract efficiency; Ethanol; Futures contracts; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q13; Q43; M31.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6811

Agricultural Impacts of Biofuels Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walsh,   Marie E.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; English,   Burton C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Menard,   R. Jamey; Nelson,   Richard G.
Analysis of the potential to supply 25% of projected 2025 U.S. transportation fuels indicates sufficient biomass resources are available to meet increased demand while simultaneously meeting food, feed, and export needs. Corn and soybeans continue to be important feedstocks for ethanol and biodiesel production, but cellulose feedstocks (agricultural crop residues, energy crops such as switchgrass, and forestry residues) will play a major role. Farm income increases, mostly because of higher crop prices. Increased crop prices increase the cost of producing biofuels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biofuels; Biomass; Cellulose feedstocks; Crop residues; Ethanol; Forest residues; Switchgrass; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O11; Q11; Q41.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6514

The Impact of Ethanol Production on Spatial Grain Market Relationships
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Karen E.; Tonsor,   Glynn T.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Ethanol; Grain markets; Spatial relationships; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117607

Cash Ethanol Cross-Hedging Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franken,   Jason R.V.; Parcell,   Joseph L.
Increased use of alternative fuels and low commodity prices have contributed to the recent expansion of the U.S. ethanol industry.  As with any competitive industry, some level of output price risk exists in the form of volatility; yet, no actively traded ethanol futures market exists to mitigate output price risk.  This study reports estimated minimum variance cross-hedge ratios between Detroit spot cash ethanol and the New York Mercantile Exchange unleaded gasoline futures for 1-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, 24-, and 28-week hedge horizons.  The research suggests that a one-to-one cross-hedge ratio is not appropriate for some horizons.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cross-hedging; Ethanol; Gas; G13; Q13; Q42.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43152

Efficiency of New Ethanol Plants in the U.S. North-Central Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sesmero,   Juan P.; Perrin,   Richard K.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/29/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Efficiency; DEA; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49438

Estimating the Net Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shapouri,   Hosein; Duffield,   James A.; Graboski,   Michael S.
Studies conducted since the late 1970's have estimated the net energy value of corn ethanol. However, variations in data and assumptions used among the studies have resulted in a wide range of estimates. This study identifies the factors causing this wide variation and develops a more consistent estimate. We conclude that the net energy value of corn ethanol has become positive in recent years due to technological advances in ethanol conversion and increased efficiency in farm production. We show that corn ethanol is energy efficient as indicated by an energy ratio of 1.24.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Net energy balance; Corn production; Energy security; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34005

Determinants of Iowa Cropland Cash Rental Rates: Testing Ricardian Rent Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Du,   Xiaodong; Hennessy,   David A.; Edwards,   William M.
Based on the Ricardian rent theory, this study employs the variable profit function to analyze the determinants of Iowa cropland cash rental rates using county-level panel data from 1987 to 2005. Accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelations, responses of local cash rental rates to changes in output prices and other exogenous variables are estimated. We find that Iowa cash rental rates are largely determined by output/input prices, soil quality, relative location, and other county-specific factors. Cash rents go up by $79 for a $1 increase in corn price in the short run. The marginal value of cropland quality, as represented by row-crop corn suitability rating index, is about $1.05. Ethanol plants are not found to have a significant local effect on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Basis; Ethanol; Land quality shadow price; Rate of adjustment; Spatial autocorrelation; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7700

INSURING UNCERTAINTY IN VALUE-ADDED AGRICULTURE: ETHANOL PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paulson,   Nicholas D.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hart,   Chad E.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
A wide variety of insurance products is available to agricultural producers to insure against yield or price risks in the markets for the raw commodities they produce. Value-added enterprises, such as ethanol production, have been expanding over the last decade. This paper outlines the development of an insurance product aimed at corn producers who are members of an ethanol production cooperative. The product has the potential to provide these producers with a new and useful risk management tool to insure against price risks in the markets for corn, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), ethanol, and natural gas. Monte Carlo analysis is used to develop fair premiums at various coverage levels. A historical correlation structure is imposed on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Correlations; Ethanol; Insurance; Risk management; Value-added agriculture; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18375

The Effect of Ethanol Production on Agricultural Production in the State of Alabama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kebede,   Ellene; Duffy,   Patricia A.; Zabawa,   Robert.
This research assessed the economic effect of corn-based fuel ethanol production on agriculture and the state economy in Alabama. The results showed that in the short run a 15 million gallon per year plant will be profitable. This will have farm income and a multiplier affect in the rest of the state economy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Corn producers; Farm income; Price elasticity; Economic impact; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35415

Cross-Hedging Distillers Dried Grains Using Corn and Soybean Meal Futures Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brinker,   Adam J.; Parcell,   Joseph L.; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.; Franken,   Jason R.V.
Ethanol mandates have led to an increase in the production of distillers dried grains (DDGs), a co-product of ethanol production that is incorporated into livestock rations. As with most competitive industries, there is some level of price risk in handling DDGs, and there is no DDG futures contract available for managing price risk. Commonly, DDGs are hedged using only corn futures. Our results suggest that cross-hedge risk may be reduced by including soybean meal futures in an encompassing cross-hedge strategy. Further, we also conclude soybean meal futures currently may be slightly more effective at reducing risk than in the past.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cross-hedge; Distillers dried grains; Ethanol; Price risk; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90654

The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shapouri,   Hosein; Duffield,   James A.; Wang,   Michael Q.
Studies conducted since the late 1970s have estimated the net energy value (NEV) of corn ethanol. However, variations in data and assumptions used among the studies have resulted in a wide range of estimates. This study identifies the factors causing this wide variation and develops a more consistent estimate. We conclude that the NEV of corn ethanol has been rising over time due to technological advances in ethanol conversion and increased efficiency in farm production. We show that corn ethanol is energy efficient as indicated by an energy output:input ratio of 1.34.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Net energy balance; Corn production; Energy; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34075

Ethanol Marketing and Input Procurement Practices of U.S. Ethanol Producers: 2008 Survey Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmidgall,   Timothy J.; Tudor,   Kerry W.; Spaulding,   Aslihan D.; Winter,   J. Randy.
A mail survey was used to collect information about input procurement and ethanol and co-product marketing practices from 60 U.S. ethanol production facilities. Data were used to answer questions about the conduct or behavior of ethanol producers. It was anticipated that firm conduct or behavior would be fairly homogeneous because the ethanol industry was in Stage II of the industry life-cycle, and societal support for ethanol production resulted in large volumes of publicly available information about technology and markets. Age of facility, size of facility, and type of ownership jointly explained a limited number of differences in responses across ethanol facilities, thus supporting the concept of fairly homogeneous conduct or behavior.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Entry timing; Ethanol; Farmer-owned cooperatives; Industry life-cycle; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q11; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96330

The Impact of Energy Markets on the EU Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of crude oil prices on the EU-27 agricultural sector in an era when the biofuels sector is expanding because of the policy initiatives taken by the EU Commission and member states. To this end, first a baseline is set up for the EU-27 ethanol, grain, and dried distillers grains markets. In the next step, two different scenarios are run. The first scenario incorporates a $10- per-barrel increase in the EU-27 crude oil price with the ethanol import tariffs in place. The second scenario incorporates the same shock with the ethanol import tariffs removed. In the first scenario, higher crude oil prices increase ethanol consumption, production, and therefore grain prices. In the second scenario, the impact of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Energy prices; Trade liberalisation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44241

The Economic Feasibility of Energy Sugar Beet Biofuel Production in Central North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maung,   Thein A.; Gustafson,   Cole R.
This study examines the financial feasibility of producing ethanol biofuel from sugar beets in central North Dakota. Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, biofuel from sugar beets uniquely qualifies as an “advanced biofuel”.  EISA mandates production of 15 billion gallons of advanced biofuels annually by 2022. A stochastic simulation financial model was calibrated with irrigated sugar beet data from central North Dakota to determine economic feasibility and risks of production for a 10MGY (million gallon per year) and 20MGY ethanol plant. Study results indicate that feedstock costs, which include sugar beets and beet molasses, account for more than 70% of total production expenses. The estimated breakeven ethanol price for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Sugar beets; Molasses; Net Present Value; Risk; Agricultural Finance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61235

GHG Trading Framework for the U.S. Biofuels Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumarappan,   Subbu; Joshi,   Satish V.
Substitution of petroleum fuels with biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel has been shown to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These GHG reductions can be traded in the emerging carbon markets, and methodologies for quantifying and trading are still being developed. The main challenges in developing such GHG trading framework are analyzed. An outline of such a framework is presented that depends on the life cycle assessment of GHG reductions, along with a combination of project specific and regional standard performance measures. The advantages of assigning GHG property and trading rights to biofuel producers are discussed. At carbon prices of $10 per metric ton, estimated additional revenues to biofuel producers range from $ 17 to 64 million dollars...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Carbon trading; GHG emissions trading; Methodology; CCX; CDM; Maize; Lignocellulosics; Well to wheel; Life cycle analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; D23; D4.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54530

PERSPECTIVAS PARA O SETOR SUCROALCOOLEIRO BRASILEIRO NOS PROGRAMAS DE ÁLCOOL COMBUSTÍVEL DA UNIÃO EUROPÉIA, JAPÃO E BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueira,   Sergio Rangel; Burnquist,   Heloisa Lee.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo delinear cenários para o consumo de álcool utilizado como combustível no Japão, nas maiores economias da União Européia (Alemanha, França, Itália, Reino Unido), mercados com potencial para serem grandes importadores de álcool combustível brasileiro, considerando-se um horizonte até o ano de 2012. Efetua-se também uma comparação entre o potencial de importação destes mercados com o mercado doméstico brasileiro. O Japão é o país desenvolvido  com maior potencial para se tornar um grande importador de álcool brasileiro. No cenário mais otimista apresentou-se a possibilidade de consumo de aproximadamente 6,5 bilhões de litros. Na União Européia, o cenário mais otimista de consumo seria da ordem de 1,36 bilhões de litros....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Álcool; Brasil; Japão e União Européia; Ethanol; Japan; European Union and Brazil; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109069

The Implications of Alternative U.S. Domestic and Trade Policies for Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David; Surry,   Yves R.
The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard program (RFS), which involves mandates for various biofuels, is complex and has been often misinterpreted or oversimplified in previous studies. In this paper we analyze the implications of the RFS for the U.S. domestic and international ethanol markets. We demonstrate the vital role of the advanced biofuel mandate within the RFS. Impacts of changes in tariffs on imported fuel ethanol and subsidies for U.S. domestic ethanol production are examined. One of our important findings is that the RFS could result in serious misallocation of resources in both a national and international context. There is a possibility that the United States could be required to import sugarcane-based ethanol to meet the advanced biofuel mandate,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Trade liberalization; Renewable Fuel Standard; Mandate; Subsidies; Industrial Organization; F13; Q18; Q42; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91832

Economic Parameters for Corn Ethanol and Biodiesel Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eidman,   Vernon R.
This article presents current investment and operating costs of ethanol and biodiesel plants for alternative prices of feedstock. The price of these two fuels is estimated for alternative prices of crude oil with the existing renewable fuels policy. The excise tax credit, currently $0.51 per gallon of ethanol and $1.00 per gallon of biodiesel, is a major contributor to the fuel price and profitability of these industries. The analysis demonstrates how the crude oil price, feedstock price, and excise tax credits interact to impact profitability of these industries
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biofuels; Ethanol; Renewable energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q13; Q18; Q28; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6519

Economics of Sugar-Based Ethanol Production and Related Policy Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Outlaw,   Joe L.; Ribera,   Luis A.; Richardson,   James W.; da Silva,   Jorge; Bryant,   Henry L.; Klose,   Steven L.
The feasibility of integrating ethanol production into an existing sugar mill was analyzed by a stochastic spreadsheet model. As the price of corn continues to rise, ethanol producers will eventually need to look at other feedstock alternatives. Sugarcane has been proven to work well in the production of ethanol in Brazil. The results indicated existing U.S. sugar mills could economically switch to ethanol production. As imports into the United States threaten to undermine the U.S. sugar program, sugarcane producers have a viable alternative. At the very least, the alternative exists to diversify their income streams with ethanol production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Feasibility analysis; Simulation analysis; Sugarcane; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R51; R58; O22.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6515

Economic Impacts of Establishing Short Rotation Woody Crops to Support Energy Production in Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazarus,   William F.; Tiffany,   Douglas G.
The utilization of short rotation woody crops (SRWC) to produce wood on marginal crop and pasture land could greatly enhance the production of wood for various uses in Minnesota with utilization for energy being of current interest. SRWC involves the more intensive application of inputs on more valuable land than naturally regenerated forests that currently supply the bulk of the forest products industry in Minnesota. Breeding efforts to improve productivity and disease resistance in hybrid poplar species are making the technology of SRWC competitive with agricultural uses of marginal land. This study models the economic impact of a potential shift in use of the land resource by replacing production of hay and pasture that provides feed for cow-calf beef...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hybrid Poplar; SRWC; IMPLAN; Economics; Energy; Ethanol; OSB; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46869

The Impact of Ethanol Production on the U.S. Gasoline Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marzoughi,   Hassan; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This paper uses a simultaneous equation system to determine the impact of ethanol fuel production on the U.S. motor gasoline market, especially gasoline prices. Based on estimation results, every billion gallon increase in ethanol production decreases gasoline prices by as much as 6 cents.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Gasoline Market; Corn; Biofuel; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119752

Measuring Market Power Exertion in the U.S. Ethanol Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monge,   Juan J.
The objective of this study is to investigate potential market power exertion in the output market of the ethanol-producing sector using the Solow Residual-Based (SRB) test and its different modalities (primal and primal-dual). The markup estimates (Lerner’s index) obtained using ethanol imports and processed crudel oil as instrumental variables to estimate the primal SRB are compared to the primal-dual SRB estimates. For both approaches, a statistically significant positive markup was estimated implying the presense of market power exertion. Both markup estimates are relatively close to each other.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Market Power; Lerner's index; Solow Residual; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61364

Biofuels: Potential Production Capacity, Effects on Grain and Livestock Sectors, and Implications for Food Prices and Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Dong,   Fengxia; Hart,   Chad E.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Pan,   Suwen; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Dumortier,   Jerome.
We examine four scenarios for the evolution of the biofuel sector using a partial equilibrium model of the world agricultural sector. The model includes the new Renewable Fuels Standard in the 2007 energy act, the two-way relationship between fossil energy and biofuel markets, and a new trend toward corn oil extraction in ethanol plants. At one extreme, one scenario eliminates all support to the biofuel sector when the energy price is low, while the other extreme assumes no distribution bottleneck in ethanol demand growth when the energy price is high. Of the remaining two scenarios, one considers a pure market force driving ethanol demand growth because of the high energy price while the other is a policy-induced shock with removal of the biofuel tax...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; EISA; Ethanol; Tax credit; World agricultural sector model.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48597

Uma análise das capacidades tecnológicas da agroindústria canavieira em Minas Gerais
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis; Azevedo,   Paulo Furquim de; Vian,   Carlos Eduardo de Freitas.
This paper aims to appraise the technological capabilities of sugarcane agro-industry in Minas Gerais State, that has the second largest area planted with sugarcane in Brazil, that is 679.000 ha. A field research survey with sugar and ethanol mills provides the primary data for assessing technological capabilities. The theoretical approach used was the technological capabilities matrix, which is based in Lall (1992), being this matrix divided into three specifications: basic (simple routine), intermediate (adaptive duplicative) and advanced (innovative risky). As a main finding, this sugarcane agro-industry, technically qualified and with low cost, presents a reasonable domain of basic and intermediate technological capabilities. However, the advanced...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dynamics; Technology; Sugar; Ethanol; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95074

PREVISÃO DE PRODUÇÃO DO ETANOL BRASILEIRO PARA EXPORTAÇÃO: UMA APLICAÇÃO DE VETORES AUTO-REGRESSIVOS (VAR)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fonseca,   Marcia Batista; Paixao,   Marcia Cristina; Maia,   Sinezio Fernandes.
No início do século XXI, notadamente os EUA e UE discutem e promovem o uso de políticas específicas de estímulo à substituição de combustíveis fósseis por fontes renováveis de origem de biomassa. No Brasil desde os anos 70 a produção do etanol representa uma alternativa ecológica geradora de emprego e renda. A produção de etanol brasileira, de baixo custo e alta produtividade, dadas as vantagens existentes junto aos recursos naturais e mão de obra, é destinada principalmente para o mercado norte americano e o mercado europeu. O objetivo geral deste estudo é obter a previsão de produção do etanol brasileiro para exportação entre 2007-2010 através de uma aplicação de Vetores Auto-Regressivos (VAR), a partir das variáveis captadas pelo modelo Mundell-Fleming,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Etanol; Previsão de Produção; VAR; Ethanol; Production Forecast; Vector Auto Regression Analysis (VAR); Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112622

Impact of the Ethanol Boom on Livestock and Dairy Industries: What Are They Going to Eat?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   David P.; Anderson,   John D.; Sawyer,   Jason.
Increased demand for corn for ethanol production has helped push grain prices to record levels. This has increased livestock production costs, and producers have responded with changes to production systems. This paper explores the degree to which costs can be mitigated with alternative feeds, the effect this might have on physical performance, and the impact of alternative feeds on the competitive position of different species.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding; Corn; Cost of production; Ethanol; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47199

The Welfare Impact of Removing Biofuel Blenders’ Tax Credit Subsidy in United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wamisho,   Kassu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Blender tax credit; Ethanol; Consumer and producer surplus; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61677

Ethanol, Mandates, and Drought: Insights from a Stochastic Equilibrium Model of the U.S. Corn Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McPhail,   Lihong Lu; Babcock,   Bruce A.
The outlook for U.S. corn markets is inextricably linked to what happens to the U.S. ethanol industry, which depends, in turn, on the level of government subsidies and mandates. We develop a stochastic partial equilibrium model to simulate outcomes for the corn market for the 2008/09 marketing year to gain insight into these linkages. The model includes five stochastic variables that are major contributors to corn price volatility: planted acreage, corn yield, export demand, gasoline prices, and capacity of the ethanol industry. Our results indicate that integration of gasoline and corn markets has increased corn price volatility and that the passage of the expanded ethanol mandates in the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) has had modest effects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EISA mandate; Ethanol; Price volatility of corn; Stochastic equilibrium; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6305

Long-term Effects of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard on World Hunger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryant,   Henry L.; Lu,   Jiamin; Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
We employ a multi-region computable general equilibrium model of the world economy to estimate changes in worldwide food insecurity that result from the imposition of the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standard.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; CGE; Renewable Fuel Standard; Hunger; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q180; Q420.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61262

On the Evolving Relationship between Corn and Oil Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elmarzougui,   Eskandar; Larue,   Bruno.
The relationship between corn and oil prices is not a stable one. We identified three breaks in the relationship between corn and oil prices. The first break coincides with the second oil crisis. The second break marks the end of the agricultural export subsidy war between the EU and the US in the mid 1980s while the third one occurred at the beginning of the ethanol boom at the very end of the 1990s. The relationship between corn and oil prices tends to be stronger when oil prices are highly volatile and when agricultural policies create less distortion. The ethanol boom strengthened the relation between corn and oil prices which are (were not) cointegrated in the fourth regime (first three) regime(s). Impulse response functions confirm that corn prices...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil; Corn; Structural changes; Cointegration; Ethanol; Protectionism; Agricultural and Food Policy; C32; Q11; Q17; Q40.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118580

Spatial Dimensions of US Crop Selection: Recent Responses to Markets and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Motamed,   Mesbah J.; McPhail,   Lihong Lu.
We explicitly measure corn acreage response to the biofuels boom from 2006 to 2010. Specifically, we use newly available micro-scale planting data over time to test whether corn cultivation intensifies in proportion to the proximity of ethanol processors. We control for the endogeneity of plant location to corn acreage by using transportation network data for instruments. Our results show that reducing the distance between a farm and an ethanol plant by one percent increases acreage in corn by 0.64% and reveal a price elasticity of supply of 0.47%. To our knowledge, this is the first study that measures changes in location and intensity of corn planting in response to incentives posed by the recent biofuels boom. The results can serve as a springboard for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn acreage; Ethanol; Panel data analysis; Instrumental variables; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Q1; Q28; C33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103270

MARKET INTEGRATION: CASE STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franken,   Jason R.V.; Parcell,   Joseph L.
The grain/oilseed industry is undergoing considerable structural change in the form of mergers and the addition of new processing facilities to add value beyond commodity grade.  The rapid structural changes in this industry call into question the relevance of previous research conducted in these areas.  Focusing on two structural change events in northeast Missouri as case studies provides an incisive glimpse at the larger impact of structural change on the grain/oilseed industry.  This study addresses the merger of Archer Daniels Midland and Quincy Grain, and the opening of a producer-owned ethanol plant in northeast Missouri to determine if these structural change events altered pricing patterns and linkages in Missouri grain/oilseed markets, and assess...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Consolidation; Structural Change; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18977

CERTIFICATION SCHEMES FOR BIOFUEL SUSTAINABILITY WILL NOT WORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Clayton W.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Certification; Sustainability; Deforestation; Food Prices; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120004

The Ethanol Decade:  An Expansion of U.S. Corn Production, 2000-09
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wallander,   Steven; Claassen,   Roger; Nickerson,   Cynthia J.
The recent 9-billion-gallon increase in corn-based ethanol production, which resulted from a combination of rising gasoline prices and a suite of Federal bioenergy policies, provides evidence of how farmers altered their land-use decisions in response to increased demand for corn. As some forecasts had suggested, corn acreage increased mostly on farms that previously specialized in soybeans. Other farms, however, offset this shift by expanding soybean production. Farm-level data reveal that the simultaneous net expansion of corn and soybean acreage resulted from a reduction in cotton acreage, a shift from uncultivated hay to cropland, and the expansion of double cropping (consecutively producing two crops of either like or unlike commodities on the same...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); Bioenergy; Ethanol; Indirect effects; Land use; Corn production; Environmental impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117982

Effect of nutrient sources on bench scale vinegar production using response surface methodology
Provedor de dados: 91
Autores: Ferreira,Joelma M.; Swarnakar,Ramdayal; Silva,Flávio L. H. da.
The present work aims to evaluate on a bench scale, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient source concentrations in vinegar production, a process that is used by small scale industries in the State of Paraiba. The response surface methodology has been utilized for modeling and optimization of the fermentation process. Initially a 2³ complete factorial design was used, where the effects of initial concentrations of ethyl alcohol, phosphorous and nitrogen sources were observed. After this analysis the concentration range of the nutrient variables were extended and a two level plus a star configuration factorial experimental design was performed. The experimental values are well represented by the linear and quadratic model equations obtained. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Factorial design; Acetic fermentation; Ethanol; Fermentation process.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662005000100011

An ethanol-based process to simultaneously extract and fractionate carotenoids from Mauritia flexuosa L. Pulp
Provedor de dados: 94
Autores: Ribeiro,Bernardo Dias; Nascimento,Rafaella Ferreira; Barreto,Daniel Weingart; Coelho,Maria Alice Zarur; Freitas,Suely Pereira.
Mauritia vinifera (buriti) is a palm tree that grows wild in different areas of Brazil, particularly in the Amazonian region. The buriti oil is rich in carotenoids, especially in β-carotene. The growing interest in other natural sources of β-carotene has stimulated the industrial use of buriti as a raw material for pulp oil extraction. Most processes are based on the conventional technologies, involving drying and pressing the pulp for oil recovery and further separation of carotenoids in a liquid phase using organics solvents. In the present work, the ethanol-based process was evaluated for simultaneous carotenoids recovering and fractionating from buriti pulp. The raw material and ethanol, 1:4 ratio, were placed in an erlenmeyer flask and maintained at...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Beta-carotene; Vegetable oil; Ethanol; Buriti.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452010000300003

Fermentation parameters, quality and losses in sugarcane silages treated with chemical additives and a bacterial inoculant
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Pedroso,André de Faria; Rodrigues,Armando de Andrade; Barioni Júnior,Waldomiro; Souza,Gilberto Batista de.
The objective of this trial was to evaluate chemical additives and a bacterial inoculant on the inhibition of alcoholic fermentation and reduction of losses in sugarcane silages. Treatments were (doses on a fresh forage basis): without additive (control); urea (10 g/kg); urea (5 g/kg) + sodium benzoate (0.5 g/kg); sodium benzoate (1 g/kg); urea + ammonium sulfate in a 9:1 relation (10 g/kg); Lactobacillus buchneri (5 × 10(4) cfu/g). Silages were produced in 10.16- × 30-cm PVC tubes, provided with tight lids adapted with Bunsen valves for gas losses quantification. Minisilos were opened 139 days after ensiling. Ethanol content (227 g/kg dry matter - DM) and total DM loss (30%) were high in the control silage. All additives, except benzoate, decreased...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ammonium sulfate; Ethanol; L. buchneri; Sodium benzoate; Urea; Volatile fatty acids.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011001100006

Effects of microbial inoculants and amino acid production by-product on fermentation and chemical composition of sugarcane silages
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Rodrigues,Paulo Henrique Mazza; Gomes,Rodrigo da Costa; Meyer,Paula Marques; Borgatti,Laura Maria Oliveira; Franco,Fernando Masello Junqueira; Godoy,Gilson Luiz Alves de.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation patterns and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages with addition of amino acid production (monosodium glutamate) by-product (APB) and microbial inoculants. Mature sugarcane was chopped and ensiled in laboratory silos (n = 4/treatment) without additives (control) and with APB (10 g/kg), Pioneer 1174® (PIO, 1.0 mg/kg, Lactobacillus plantarum + Streptoccoccus faecium, Pioneer), Lalsil Cana (2.0 mg/kg, Lactobacillus buchineri, Lallemand) or Mercosil Maís 11C33® (1.0 mg/kg, Lactobacillus buchineri + Lactobacillus plantarum + Streptoccoccus faecium, Timac Agro). Fresh silage and silage liquor samples were obtained to assess pH, chemical composition and organic acid...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aerobic stability; Ammonia; Ethanol; Lactic acid bacteria; Saccharum officinarum L.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000600011

Methods of lab silos sealing and fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage treated with microbial additive
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Novinski,Charles Ortiz; Junges,Daniel; Schmidt,Patrick; Rossi Junior,Paulo; Carvalho,João Paulo Gomes de; Teixeira,Rodrigo de Almeida.
The present experimental assay evaluated the effect of lab silo sealing methods on the ensilage of the sugarcane, with or without microbial additives (Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici). Twenty-liter plastic buckets were used as experimental silos, which were sealed with either a polyethylene sheet (silo cover with a mesh size of 200 µm) or an appropriate plastic lid equipped with Bunsen valve. Silos were stored for 30, 60, or 90 days. Fermentative losses, chemical composition, organic acids, ethanol and aerobic stability were evaluated. The sealing method employed did not influence most of evaluated variables, showing a small decrease of effluent production in silos covered with polyethylene sheet. The microbial additive did...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ensilage; Ethanol; Lactobacillus plantarum; Plastic sheet; Propionibacterium acidipropionici.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000200005

Chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silages treated with microbial inoculants
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Ávila,Carla Luiza da Silva; Valeriano,Alexandre Rocha; Pinto,José Cardoso; Figueiredo,Henrique César Pereira; Rezende,Adauton Vilela de; Schwan,Rosane Freitas.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of microbial additives containing heterofermentative or homofermentative bacteria on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane (Saccharum spp) silages. Sugar cane was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paracasei, L. brevis or L. buchneri previously isolated from sugar cane silages or commercial inoculants containing L. buchneri or L. plantarum. Silages were produced in laboratory silos (10 × 60 cm PVC tubes) and evaluated 90 days after ensiling. A randomized complete design was used with eight treatments (seven inoculants and control - without inoculant) and three replications. The inoculation with bacteria affected lactic acid bacteria, yeast populations, volatile fatty...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Acetic acid; Ethanol; Heterofermentative bacteria; Lactic acid; Lactobacillus; Yeasts.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010000100004

Intake and performance of feedlot cattle fed diets based on high and low Brix sugar cane with or without calcium oxide and corn silage
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Magalhães,Felipe Antunes; Valadares Filho,Sebastião de Campos; Menezes,Gustavo Chamon de Castro; Gionbelli,Mateus Pies; Zanetti,Diego; Machado,Marcelo Grossi; Pina,Douglas dos Santos; Komura,Koiti.
The objective of this study was to evaluate low and high Brix diets, treated or not with 5 g of calcium oxide per kg of natural matter, and corn silage on intake, digestibility and performance of beef cattle. Forty cattle with initial body weight (BW) of 350 kg were used: five composed the control group, 30 were distributed into random blocks (control) and the other five were distributed in a 5 × 5 incomplete Latin square, with the objective of determining digestibility. The 30 animals evaluated for performance were slaughtered and empty body weight (EPW), carcass dressing and meat cuts were determined. The diet with corn silage (CS) presented the best intake of the other ingredients and the best weight gain, except for neutral detergent fiber intake in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Digestibility; Ethanol; Fermentation; Treatment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000600026

Chemical composition and fermentative losses of sugar cane ensilage with different Brix degrees, with or without calcium oxide
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Magalhães,Felipe Antunes; Valadares Filho,Sebastião de Campos; Menezes,Gustavo Chamon de Castro; Machado,Marcelo Grossi; Zanetti,Diego; Pina,Douglas dos Santos; Pereira,Odilon Gomes; Paulino,Mário Fonseca.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sugar cane ensilage with different Brix degrees, with or without the addition of 0.5% of calcium oxide (lime) on the chemical composition and fermentation losses of silages. A complete random design in a 9 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. Experimental silos were used, ensilage was done every 15 days with Brix measuring, and they were opened after 30 days of fermentation. As the Brix degree of the ensiled material increased, the contents of dry matter (DM) increased and contents of ash, crude protein (CP) and fibers (neutral and acid detergent fiber corrected for proteins - NDFap and ADFap) reduced. After fermentation, DM content of the silage presented a linear increase with the Brix degree...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Brix; Calcium oxide; Ethanol; Sugar cane silage.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000200004

Accuracy, precision and robustness of different methods to obtain samples from silages in fermentation studies
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Gomes,Rodrigo da Costa; Meyer,Paula Marques; Castro,Ari Luiz de; Saran Netto,Arlindo; Rodrigues,Paulo Henrique Mazza.
The objective of this study was to evaluate accuracy, precision and robustness of two methods to obtain silage samples, in comparison with extraction of liquor by manual screw-press. Wet brewery residue alone or combined with soybean hulls and citrus pulp were ensiled in laboratory silos. Liquor was extracted by a manual screw-press and a 2-mL aliquot was fixed with 0.4 mL formic acid. Two 10-g silage samples from each silo were diluted in 20 mL deionized water or 17% formic acid solution (alternative methods). Aliquots obtained by the three methods were used to determine the silage contents of fermentation end-products. The accuracy of the alternative methods was evaluated by comparing mean bias of estimates obtained by manual screw-press and by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Bias; Ethanol; Formic acid; Organic acids; Wet brewery residue.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000600008

Mixed sugarcane and elephant grass silages with or without bacterial inoculant
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Cavali,Jucilene; Pereira,Odilon Gomes; Valadares Filho,Sebastião de Campos; Porto,Marlos Oliveira; Fernandes,Francisco Eden Paiva; Garcia,Rasmo.
The effects of different ratios of sugarcane and elephant grass (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0% of the natural basis) were assessed on the chemical composition and losses in silages treated with a bacterial inoculant, using laboratory silos. A 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (with and without inoculant and five elephant grass ratios) in a randomized blocks design with three replications was used. Interaction was observed in the sugarcane and elephant grass ratio × bacterial inoculant for crude protein (CP) and pH. The other variables were influenced only by the increasing proportions of elephant grass. The contents of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, insoluble protein in acid detergent fiber,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Effluent; Ethanol; Nutritional value; Organic acids; Soluble sugars.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010000300003

Evaluation of sugarcane laboratory ensiling and analysis techniques
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Pedroso,André de Faria; Pedroso,Alexandre Mendonça; Barioni Júnior,Waldomiro; Souza,Gilberto Batista de.
The objective was to evaluate the effects of laboratory-silo type and method of silage extract production, respectively, on sugarcane silage fermentation and recovery of fermentation products. Sugarcane was mechanically harvested and ensiled in three different types of laboratory silos (five replicates): 9.7 × 30 cm PVC tubes with tight lids, equipped or unequipped with Bunsen valves, and 20 L plastic buckets with tight lids and Bunsen valves. Three methods were used to produce silage extracts for pH, ethanol, acetic and lactic acids determination: extraction of silage juice by a hydraulic press and production of water extracts using a stomacher or a blender. Total dry matter loss (231 g/kg DM) was not affected by silo type. No interactions between silo...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Acetic acid; Ethanol; Laboratory silo; Lactic acid; Silage extract; Sugarcane silage.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982014000400169

Fermentation and epiphytic microflora dynamics in sugar cane silage
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Pedroso,André de Faria; Nussio,Luiz Gustavo; Paziani,Solidete de Fátima; Loures,Daniele Rebouças Santana; Igarasi,Mauricio Scoton; Coelho,Rodrigo Michelini; Packer,Irineu Humberto; Horii,Jorge; Gomes,Luiz Humberto.
Sugar cane silages are characterized by extensive yeast activity, alcohol production and great dry matter - DM - losses. Better knowledge of the fermentation process is fundamental to the development of efficient ensilage techniques for this forage. This study evaluates temporal changes in chemical composition, DM losses and epiphytic microflora in sugar cane silage. Mature sugar cane, variety RB835486 (12 months of vegetative growth), was hand harvested, processed in a stationary chopper and ensiled in 20-L plastic buckets provided with valves for gas release and a device for effluent collection. Laboratory silos were kept at ambient temperature and sampled after ½, 1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 45, 90, 120 and 180 days. Ethanol concentration reached 6.4% in DM after...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Water soluble carbohydrates; Losses; Yeasts; Bacteria.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162005000500003

Aflatoxin removal of peanut meals with aqueous ethanol
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Fonseca,H.; Regitano-d'Arce,M.A.B.
A preliminary approach to achieve compatible simultaneous extraction of aflatoxin and residual oil from pressed oil meals was conducted to determine the minimum amount of water to be added to ethanol versus necessary time to achieve complete removal of aflatoxin. Commercial anhydrous, 96, 93 and 90°GL ethanol were utilized in trials with Soxhlet extractors. Commercial anhydrous ethanol did not remove aflatoxin completely and the extraction efficiency in minutes was directly proportional to the amount of water present in the ethanol, as expected. Although 96°GL ethanol was efficient, alcoholic strengths between 96 and 99°GL need be evaluated to improve oil extraction, provided they do not decrease aflatoxin removal efficiency.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin; Peanut meal; Oil meals; Removal; Extraction; Aqueous ethanol; Ethanol.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90161993000100021

Intermittent warming of 'Tahiti' lime to prevent chilling injury during cold storage
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Kluge,Ricardo Alfredo; Jomori,Maria Luiza Lye; Jacomino,Angelo Pedro; Vitti,Maria Carolina Dario; Vitti,Daniela Cristina Clemente.
Storage of 'Tahiti' limes (Citrus latifolia) at low temperature allows the marketing period to be extended. However, the loss of the green skin color and the occurrence of chilling injury (CI) prevent this extension. The purpose of this work was to verify the efficiency of intermittent warming (IW) in 'Tahiti' lime quality maintenance during cold storage. Fruit were submitted to IW (20ºC for 48 hours every 7 or 14 days or 38ºC for 24 hours every 14 days) during cold storage at 5ºC. Fruit were also stored at 5 and 10ºC continuously. The evaluations were carried out after 30 and 60 days of storage (+ 3 days of simulated marketing at 20ºC). CI occurrence on fruit was not verified after 30 days of storage. However, after 60 days of storage 60% of the fruit...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Citrus latifolia; Chilling injury; Ethanol; Acetaldehyde; Degreening.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162003000400018

Respiratory quotient: innovative method for monitoring ‘Royal Gala’ apple storage in a dynamic controlled atmosphere
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Weber,Anderson; Brackmann,Auri; Both,Vanderlei; Pavanello,Elizandra Pivotto; Anese,Rogério de Oliveira; Thewes,Fabio Rodrigo.
Apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.) which are not stored at low temperature or in a properly controlled atmosphere (CA) may have a high metabolic rate during the postharvest stage resulting in losses in quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruit stored in accordance with a new method of dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA).The respiratory quotient (RQ) was monitored at two temperatures which were then compared using a commercially available technology based on chlorophyll fluorescence DCA (DCA-CF) and static CA. Ethylene production and respiration rates were lower in apples stored in DCA than in CA, as a result of lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase activity, especially in apples stored in DCA-RQ2. Flesh...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Ethylene; Physiological disorders; Chlorophyll fluorescence.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162015000100028

Cold storage of 'Tahiti' lime treated with 1-methylcyclopropene
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Jomori,Maria Luiza Lye; Kluge,Ricardo Alfredo; Jacomino,Angelo Pedro.
The storage of 'Tahiti' limes under low temperatures enables the extension of the commercialization period. However the loss of the skin green color and the occurrence of chilling injuries prevent such advantage. The purpose of this work was to verify the efficiency of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibition of ethylene action, during the cold storage of 'Tahiti' lime. Fruits were treated for 12 hours with 1-methylcyclopropene at concentrations of 0 or 1.0 mL L-1 and then were stored at 5 or 10ºC for 30, 60 and 90 days of storage (+ 3 days of simulated marketing at 20ºC). Application of 1-MCP conserved the color of stored fruits at 10ºC during 30 days. Fruits treated with 1-MCP and stored at 5ºC presented less respiration than non-treated fruits. High...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Citrus latifolia; Chilling injury; Ethanol; Acetaldehyde.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162003000400027

Fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Pedroso,André de Faria; Nussio,Luiz Gustavo; Loures,Daniele Rebouças Santana; Paziani,Solidete de Fátima; Ribeiro,José Leonardo; Mari,Lucas José; Zopollatto,Maity; Schmidt,Patrick; Mattos,Wilson Roberto Soares; Horii,Jorge.
Utilization of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. silage is increasing in Brazil but intensive ethanol production during fermentation reduces forage quality. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of additives on fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages produced in minisilos. Treatments were (fresh basis): untreated silage (control), urea (5.0 g kg-1), sodium benzoate (1.0 g kg-1), potassium sorbate (0.3 g kg-1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6) cfu g-1), and Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64 x 10(5) cfu g-1). At the 94th day after ensilage, ethanol concentration was lower in urea, benzoate, sorbate and L. buchneri supplemented silages and higher in L. plantarum inoculated silage, as compared to control. Urea and benzoate treated silages...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Lactobacillus buchneri; Lactobacillus plantarum; Ethanol; Benzoate; Sorbate.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162008000600004

Quantifying soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in the sugarcane agrosystem: point of view
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Cerri,Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino; Galdos,Marcelo Valadares; Carvalho,João Luís Nunes; Feigl,Brigitte Josefine; Cerri,Carlos Clemente.
Strategies to mitigate climate change through the use of biofuels (such as ethanol) are associated not only to the increase in the amount of C stored in soils but also to the reduction of GHG emissions to the atmosphere.This report mainly aimed to propose appropriate methodologies for the determinations of soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural phase of the sugarcane production. Therefore, the text is a piece of contribution that may help to obtain data not only on soil carbon stocks but also on greenhouse gas emissions in order to provide an accurate life cycle assessment for the ethanol. Given that the greenhouse gas value is the primary measure of biofuel product quality, biorefiners that can show a higher offset of their...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Soil organic matter; Global warming; Nitrous oxide; Ethanol.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162013000500011

ผลของความถี่การให้น้ำที่มีต่อน้ำหนักสดข้าวฟ่างหวาน 4 พันธุ์เพื่อผลิตเอทานอล
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Supattra Saenthet; Ed Sarobol; Noppasool Samutthong; Sutkhet Nakasathien; Suthep Thongpae; Surapol Chowchong.
Test was done at the Khao Hin Son Research Station, Chachoengsao province during the dry season November 2008-March 2009, the main plots were 4 sweet sorghum varieties (SW1001, SW1002, SW1005 and SW1008) and the sub plots were 4 irrigation frequencies (every 7, 10, 14 and 21 days, four different water amounts 35, 50, 70 and 105 mm, repectively).  The results illustrated that sweet sorghum varieties and irrigation frequencies did affect days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, amount of juice and amount of juice/ton cane.  SW1005 gave the greatest amount of juice per 1 ton fresh weight (498 kgs) while SW1008 yielded the lowest (432 kgs).  Sweet sorghum grown under the most frequent irrigation (every 7 days) gave the highest juice/ton cane (806 kgs)...
Palavras-chave: Sweet sorghum; Irrigation frequencies; Ethanol; ข้าวฟ่างหวาน; ความถี่ของการให้น้ำ; พันธุ์; ผลผลิต; น้ำหนักสด; ปริมาณน้ำคั้น; องค์ประกอบทางเคมี; เอทานอล; การผลิต.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4675

การวิเคราะห์ความพอเพียงของกากน้ำตาลและมันสำปะหลัง เพื่อการผลิตเอทานอล และข้อเสนอแนะจากผลพยากรณ์ปริมาณการผลิต การใช้ และการส่งออกเอทานอลของประเทศไทย
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Sasiwimon Sriyotha; Weerapat Sessomboon.
Tipo: PhysicalObject
Palavras-chave: Tapioca; Molasses; Ethanol; Renewable energy; Plant energy production; Prediction; Consumption; Export; Demand; Supply; มันสำปะหลัง; กากน้ำตาล; พืชพลังงาน; การผลิตพลังงานทดแทน; เอทานอล; การพยากรณ์; ปริมาณการผลิต; การใช้พลังงาน; การส่งออก; อุปสงค์; อุปทาน.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5820

Ethanol Production from Cassava Chips in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Piyachowman, K.; Walapatit, S.; Kaewsompong, S.; Sriroth, K.; Rodjanaridpiched, C.
Palavras-chave: Cassav; Ethanol.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4796

Preliminary study of ethanol production from sorghum
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Siwawej, S.; Suraphanpisit, Y.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Ethanol; Production; Fermentation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Mold; Enzyme activity; ข้าวฟ่าง; เอทานอล; แป้งข้าวฟ่าง; ยีสต์; พันธุ์วาย-90; การผลิต.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4081

การศึกษาต้นทุนการขนส่งและกระจายเอทานอลของผู้ประกอบการ ขนส่งน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิง ในประเทศไทยด้วยระบบต้นทุนฐานกิจกรรม
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Siwaporn Suksee; Weeraapat Sessomboon.
Thailand has been used gasohol as an alternative energy for transportation. Gasohol is combination of ethanol and gasoline in various ratio. Trucks are used to transport ethanol for blending at refineries. So, the logistics costs are transportation and distribution. This study aims to find transportation and distribution cost of ethanol using Activity Based Costing method. Two ethanol transporting and distributing operators are interviewed. It has been founded that both operators are transporting the ethanol 1,680,000 and 4,200,000 liters/month respectively. The activity cost of the first operator is 1,574,412 bath/month and the cost of ethanol transportation is 0.94 bath/liter. On the otherhand, the activity cost of the second operator is 5,949,266...
Tipo: Collection
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Transportation; Activity Based-Costing method; Distribution; เอทานอล; การขนส่งสินค้า; การกระจายสินค้า; ระบบต้นทุนฐานกิจกรรม; น้ำมันเชื้อเพลิง; การคำนวณต้นทุน; ต้นทุน.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5567

Modified Starch from Cassava: A New Potential for the Cassava Starch Industry
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Sriroth, K.; Piyachowman, K.; Sangseethong, K.; Oates, C.G.
Palavras-chave: Cassav; Ethanol.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4795

Utilization of sweet sorghum for ethanol production
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Lavanaya Kraidej; Kruik Naritoom; Vongsuwanalert, V.; Kumnuanta, J.; Prima Patarakulpong; Poopat, S.; Julee Tippayaruk; Thaiwesana, S.; Panichkul, W.; Kajornmalee, V.
1 table
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Sweet sorghum; Ethanol; Production; Cultivars; Varieties; Sugar content; ข้าวฟ่าง; ข้าวฟ่างหวาน; การผลิตเอทานอล.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4119

Effect of natural and synthetic fruit coatings on the postharvest quality of kinnow mandarins
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Ali, Muhammad Azhar; Zulfiqar, Adnan; Arif, Atta Muhammad; Khan, Abdul-Rahim; Iqbal, Zafar; Khan, Muhammad Azam.
Natural products are more preferred by consumers now-a-days over the synthetic ones. Therefore a natural fruit coating was developed from natural ingredients (shellac, rosin, gum arabic, water and ethanol from sugar industry) without ammonia or morpholine as an alternative to the synthetic coatings. So this research was devised to compare the effects of this newly developed natural fruit coating (with 9% total solids) with those of synthetic one (polyethylene based ammonia containing wax with 21% total solids) on the postharvest quality of kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) mandarins. The kinnow mandarins were either coated with natural or synthetic fruit coatings or were left uncoated and stored at 5±2°C with 85-90% relative humidity for 63 days with five...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Natural fruit coating; Kinnow mandarins; Synthetic fruit coating; Morpholine; Ammonia; Ethanol.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2894

Energy performance of sugarcane potential ethanol production under different management systems
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Wei, Marcelo Chan Fu; Romanelli, Thiago Libório; Molin, José Paulo.
Crop rotation with leguminous species in sugarcane cultivation is increasing in the southeastern regions of Brazil. Studies on sugarcane ethanol production rely basically at the economic and sustainable points of view overlooking the energy analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the sugarcane ethanol yield under no-tillage and conventional systems with different green manure treatments using a published dataset at the energy point of view. Analysis of energy efficiency was carried out using the indicators: energy balance (EB), energy return over investment (EROI) and Energy Intensity (EI). Energy balance ranged from 129.78 GJ ha-1 to 216.92 GJ ha-1, with no-tillage system presenting the highest values of EB. EROI presented the highest values (334.19,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conventional system; Energy balance; Energy return over investment; Ethanol; No-tillage system.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5973

Ethanol production potential of Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 using cheese whey powder solution
Provedor de dados: 115
Autores: Colognesi,Geyci de Oliveira; dos Santos,Leandro Freire; Gomez,Raul J. H. Castro; Roig,Salvador Masseguer; Suguimoto,Hélio Hiroshi.
The use of residues from dairy industry is interesting because of the ease of acquisition and a relatively low cost. The objective of this study was to analyze ethanol production by the Saccharomyces fragilis varying the concentration of cheese whey powder (CWP) solution, initial pH and inoculum concentration using a factorial design technique; besides, semi-batch operations to add lactose was investigated. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA (p≤0.05). The concentrations of CWP solution and initial pH were significant in the fermentation medium for ethanol production. The optimum conditions were CWP solution 15 %, pH 5.0, inoculum concentration 5 % and a fermentation time of 18 h, and ethanol production reached 7.6 % (v/v). Additionaly, semi-batch...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Saccharomyces fragilis; Cheese whey powder solution.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952015000300005

Production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis Coimmobilized: proposal for the use of organic waste
Provedor de dados: 115
Autores: Ruiz-Marín,Alejandro; Canedo-López,Yunuén; Narváez-García,Asteria; Robles-Heredia,J. Carlos.
Abstract: Fermentation technologies were developed to improve the production of ethanol and an alternative is the immobilization technology, which offers advantages in comparison with free cells culture, such as the possibility of efficiently incorporating symbiotic bacteria in the same matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in equivalent medium, the use of mango (Mangifera indica) waste to produce ethanol. The study compared the production of ethanol by using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in free cells culture, immobilized and coimmobilized in calcium alginate in a culture medium equivalent to mango juice. It also included an evaluation of the effect of glucose concentration on productivity in a coimmobilized system. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Mangifera indica; Immobilization; Coimmobilization; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952016000500551

Reduction of the DNA damages, Hepatoprotective Effect and Antioxidant Potential of the Coconut Water, ascorbic and Caffeic Acids in Oxidative Stress Mediated by Ethanol
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: BISPO,VANDERSON S.; DANTAS,LUCAS S.; CHAVES FILHO,ADRIANO B.; PINTO,ISABELLA F.D.; SILVA,RAILMARA P. DA; OTSUKA,FELIPE A.M.; SANTOS,RODRIGO B.; SANTOS,ALINE C.; TRINDADE,DANIELLE J.; MATOS,HUMBERTO R.
ABSTRACT Hepatic disorders such as steatosis and alcoholic steatohepatitis are common diseases that affect thousands of people around the globe. This study aims to identify the main phenol compounds using a new HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS method, to evaluate some oxidative stress parameters and the hepatoprotective action of green dwarf coconut water, caffeic and ascorbic acids on the liver and serum of rats treated with ethanol. The results showed five polyphenols in the lyophilized coconut water spiked with standards: chlorogenic acid (0.18 µM), caffeic acid (1.1 µM), methyl caffeate (0.03 µM), quercetin (0.08 µM) and ferulic acid (0.02 µM) isomers. In the animals, the activity of the serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) was reduced to 1.8 I.U/L in the coconut...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Coconut water; Ethanol; Oxidative stress; Phenolic compounds.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000301095

Chemical compositions and termiticidal activities of the heartwood from Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Kadir,Roszaini; Awang,Khairul; Khamaruddin,Zaitihaiza; Soit,Zaini.
Wood extractives from heartwood of Callophylum inophyllum (bintangor) were obtained by shaker method and analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ten compounds were identified by ethanol (EtOH) solvents, fourteen by methanol (MeOH) and only nine by petroleum ether (PETETHR). Major compounds were contributed by monoterpenes (75.11%, 53.75%) when extracted with EtOH and PETETHR solvents. The anti-termitic assay of the wood extracts was also investigated against Coptotermes curvignathus. The level of concentration for anti-termite activity may be an indication of the dose application of the wood extracts for new development of termiticide.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Calophyllum inophyllum; Chemical compositions; Ethanol; Methanol; Petroleum ether; Termiticide.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652015000200743

Expression of manganese peroxidase by Lentinula edodes and Lentinula boryana in solid state and submerged system fermentation
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: HERMANN,KATIA L.; COSTA,ALESSANDRA; HELM,CRISTIANE V.; LIMA,EDSON A. DE; TAVARES,LORENA B.B.
The production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is referred as a second generation biofuel, whose processing is one of the most promising technologies under development. There are few available studies on the use of enzymes produced by fungi as active for the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme presents high potential to degrade lignin and the basidiomycetes are the major producers of this oxidase. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the ability of fungi Lentinula edodes and Lentinula boryana to produce this enzyme when cultivated in submerged fermentation system (SS) and also in solid-state fermentation system (SSF) containing Eucalyptus benthamii sawdust with or without corn cob meal. In the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Basidiomycetes; Eucalyptus benthamii; Enzyme; Ethanol.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652013000300965

Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of sugar cane silage enriched with detoxified castor bean meal
Provedor de dados: 45
Autores: Oliveira,A.C.; Garcia,R.; Pires,A.J.V.; Oliveira,H.C.; Almeida,V.V.S.; Silva,R.R.; Nascimento Filho,C. Souza; Abreu Filho,G.
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal (CM) content on the chemical-bromatological composition, as well as the fermentation characteristics and dry matter losses of sugarcane silage. The treatments consisted of four levels (0, 7, 14 and 21% natural matter) of addition of castor bean meal. The design was completely randomized, with five replicates. The material was ensiled in PVC silos of 50-cm in height and 10-cm in diameter, which were opened after 60 days. The density of fodder maintained in the silos was equal to 750kg of natural matter/m3. In order to quantify the gas and effluent losses, the silos were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The addition of castor bean...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: By-product; Ethanol; Gases; Saccharum officinarum L; Silage.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352015000100181

Ethanol in low chronic dose level attenuates major organic effects in malnourished rats
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: AGUIAR,ALINE S DE; BOAVENTURA,GILSON T; ABRAHÃO,RAFAEL F; FREITAS,THATIANA L; TAKIYA,CHRISTINA M; FILHO,PORPHIRIO J S; SILVA,VILMA A DA.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chronic toxicity of ethanol low blood levels in malnourished rats. Female Wistar rats (220 g) were subjected to either an ad libitum diet (W, well-nourished, n=10) or food restriction (M, malnourished, n=10). Water (WW and MW) or ethanol solution (W5% and M5%) was offered to half of each nutritional group (n=5) as the only fluid source. The treatment was continued for two months. After sacrifice, blood biochemical parameters and macroscopic, histologic and morphometric evaluation of the liver were performed. Results indicated that: Ethanol consumption was higher in malnourished rats and minimized body weight loss in malnourished rats, while it decreased the body weight gain in well-nourished ones. Behavioral...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Low dose; Malnutrition; Toxicity.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602009000100004

Gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Parkia platycephala Benth. leaves against acute gastric lesion models in rodents
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: Fernandes,Hélio B; Silva,Francilene V; Passos,Flávia Franceli B; Bezerra,Roosevelt D S; Chaves,Mariana H; Oliveira,Francisco A; Meneses Oliveira,Rita C.
Parkia platycephala Benth. (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae), popularly known as "visgueira", fava bean tree or "fava-de-bolota", is widely found in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil. Its pods are used as cattle food supplement in the drought period. Compounds with a gastroprotective activity were obtained from the genus Parkia. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Parkia platycephala Benth. leaves (Pp-EtOH), as well as evaluating its possible mechanisms of action in experimental ulcer induction models. Lesions were induced by absolute ethanol, ethanol-HCl, ischemia-reperfusion and indomethacin in rodents. Pp-EtOH showed a protective effect in the lesion models (66, 48 and 52 %,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Antioxidant; Ethanol; Gastroprotection; Nitric oxide; Parkia platycephala; Ulcer.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602010000400010

Ethanol Intake during Lactation Alters Milk Nutrient Composition and Growth and Mineral Status of Rat Pups
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: AZARA,CÍNTIA R.P; MAIA,INGRID C; RANGEL,CAROLINA N; SILVA-NETO,MÁRIO A.C; SERPA,RENATA F.B; DE JESUS,EDGAR F.O; TAVARES  DO CARMO,MARIA G; FIALHO,ELIANE.
Lactating Wistar rats were fed a liquid diet containing either ethanol [ethanol-fed group (EFG)] or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate [pair-fed group (PFG)] from day 1 postpartum up to day 14 of lactation, to investigate micro/macronutrient milk composition and the mineral status of pups. EFG presented a reduction of daily milk production and milk composition was significantly higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate, while the lipid content was similar to that of PFG. When compared to PFG, the milk of EFG had a decreased proportion of C22:6 n-3 fatty acid and an increase in medium-chain fatty acids and of several minerals. Pups of EFG showed reduced growth and a lower concentration of Cu and Sr in plasma and lower concentrations of Ca, P and Cl, and...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Breast milk; Ethanol; Rats; Lactation; Minerals status and milk composition.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602008000300008

Chronic ethanol consumption in mice does not induce DNA damage in somatic or germ cells, evaluated by the bone marrow micronucleous assay and the dominant lethal mutation assay
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: Ellahueñe,Manuel F; Pérez-Alzola,L Patricia; Olmedo,M Isabel.
Although alcohol is known to be a carcinogen for humans, ethanol-genotoxicity studies are incomplete. Ethanol seems not to be a bacterial mutagen, but the results are conflicting in rodent assays. We investigate the genotoxicity in the bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test and in the dominant lethal mutation (DLM) assay using two long-term ethanol exposure protocols. In the MN test, mice consumed three doses (5, 10 and 15% v/v) for 32 weeks. MN induction was compared to two control groups of 5- and 38-week-old mice (the ages of the treated mice when the treatment was initiated and when they were killed, respectively). For the three groups treated with ethanol there was no significant increase in MN induction as compared to the first control group, but...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Dominant lethal mutation; Ethanol; Genotoxicity; Micronucleus test.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602012000100004

Quality of ‘Oso Grande’ strawberries is affected by O2, CO2 and N2O concentrations during controlled atmosphere storage
Provedor de dados: 53
Autores: Cunha Junior,Luis Carlos; Morgado,Cristiane Maria Ascari; Jacomino,Angelo Pedro; Trevisan,Marcos José; Parisi,Marise Cagnin Martins; Corrêa,Gilmarcos de Carvalho; Teixeira,Gustavo Henrique de Almeida.
ABSTRACT Consumers around the world appreciate strawberries for their taste. They have low calories and high concentrations of soluble fibers, vitamin C and flavonoids. This paper verified the combined effect of O2, CO2, and N2O levels on ‘Oso Grande’ strawberries stored at 10° C, under controlled atmosphere (CA). Five different gas mixtures were used: 0.03 kPa CO2 + 20 kPa O2, 80 kPa N2O + 20 kPa O2, 90 kPa O2 + 10 kPa N2, 60 kPa O2 +40 kPa CO2, and 20 kPa O2 + 20 kPa CO2 + 60 kPa N2O. The lowest incidence of postharvest decay was observed with treatment20 kPa O2 + 20 kPa CO2 + 60 kPa N2O, followed by 80 kPa N2O +20 kPa O2 and 90 kPa O2 + 10 kPa N2. The treatment 60 kPa O2 + 40 kPa CO2 induced an increase in the production of acetaldehyde and ethanol, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fragaria x ananassa Duch; Acetaldehyde; Ethanol; Multivariate analysis.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052019000200274

Physico-chemical and sensorial evaluation of sugarcane spirits produced using distillation residue
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Menezes,Evandro Galvão Tavares; Alves,José Guilherme Lembi Ferreira; Valeriano,Carolina; Guimarães,Isabela Costa.
The objective of the present study was to analyze the use of vinasse from cachaça as an ingredient of the fermentation medium for the spirit production. The fermentations were conducted out in three successive batches using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate. In the first batch, the sugarcane broth was only diluted with distilled water. In the second and third batches, the fermentations were carried out using the cane broth diluted with vinasse from the distillation of the sugarcane wines of the first and second batches, respectively at a concentration of 10% (v/v). The spirits were submitted to the physicochemical and sensorial analyses. The results showed that vinasse addition did not affect the fermentation, distillation and chemical-sensorial quality...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Vinasse; Ethanol; Sugarcane spirits; Physico-chemical composition; Sensory analysis; Saccharomy cescerevisiae.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132013000100016

Enhanced solubilization of iron and calcium phosphates by Aspergillus niger by the addition of alcohols
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Barroso,Cinthya Babá; Nahas,Ely.
The present study deals with the effect of increased concentrations of alcohols (methanol and ethanol) on the solubilization of FePO4 and CaHPO4 by Aspergillus niger. The efficiency of solubilization (ES) of inorganic phosphates, fungal growth, acid production and pH variation were determined. The concentrations of alcohols that most favored the solubilization of phosphates were 4% methanol and 3% ethanol. The ES of phosphates by the fungus in media containing methanol ranged from 11-96% and 0.4-87% for ethanol. The stimulation or inhibition of solubilization was dependent on greater or lesser fungus growth, acid production and decreased pH. These responses were supported by the correlation between the amount of phosphate dissolved and fungal growth...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Methanol; Growth; Acid production; Phosphate solubilization.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132013000200003

Production of alcohol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of low-grade wheat flour
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Neves,Marcos Antonio das; Kimura,Toshinori; Shimizu,Naoto; Shiiba,Kiwamu.
Two samples of low-grade wheat flour, namely low-grade 1 (LG1) and low-grade 2 (LG2), with different carbohydrate and fibrous content, were used as substrates. The samples were liquefied using various concentrations of alpha- or beta-amylase, in order to optimize the production of fermentable sugars; the enzyme alpha-amylase revealed higher performance. After liquefaction, the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was conducted in a jar fermentor. Amyloglucosidase was used for saccharification, and dry baker's yeast, S. cerevisiae, for fermentation simultaneously. Glucose was consumed promptly in both cases, LG1 and LG2; ethanol production was considerably higher in LG1 (38.6 g/L), compared to LG2 (24.9 g/L). The maximum ATP production was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Low grade; Wheat flour; Yeast; Fermentation; Ethanol.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132006000400017

Ethanol fermentation of a diluted molasses medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on chrysotile
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Monte Alegre,Ranulfo; Rigo,Maurício; Joekes,Inés.
In this work, the catalytic role of chrysotile support on the acceleration of alcoholic fermentation under non-aseptic conditions by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The fermentation medium employed consisted only of diluted sugar-cane molasses. In the batch fermentations process with immobilized yeasts, the initial rate of CO2 production increased roughly 27 % during the first 30 minutes, compared to systems containing no chrysotile. A study of continuous alcoholic fermentation with chrysotile in the reactor bed showed a higher ethanol production rate at the different dilution rates investigated compared to similar fermentations without chrysotile.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Alcoholic continuous fermentations; Alcoholic batch fermentations; Immobilized yeast; Chrysotile; Ethanol.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132003000400031

Ethanol affects the absorption and tissue distribution of orally administered antigens in mice
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Oliveira,Flávia Márcia; Gusmão,Leandro José; Cardoso,Valbert do Nascimento; Ramaldes,Gilson Andrade; Ruiz-de-Souza,Valéria; Gontijo,Cristiano Machado.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the adsorption and tissue distribution of orally administered antigens in mice. Results showed that ethanol reduced the level of anti-ovalbumin IgA antibodies in intestinal fluid for the mice treated orally with a palmitoyl-ovalbumin conjugate. Ethanol was administered intragastrically to mice at 5 g/kg body weight for 14 days (chronic treatment), or 10 g/kg body weight every 7th day up to 14 days (acute treatment). Thereafter, 99m technetium-labeled antigens were administered and lymphoid tissues were collected. Ethanol interfered with the transport of ovalbumin to the liver. Moreover, the transport of palmitoyl-ovalbumin to mesenteric lymph nodes was reduced 6 h after the antigen...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Absorption; Biodistribution; Technetium; Immune response.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132013000400008

Selection of Xilose-Fermenting Yeast Strains
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Silva,Rosimeire Oenning da; Cereda,Marney Pascoli; Gomes,Eleni; Martins,Gisele Marta; Pagnocca,Fernando Carlos; Silva,Roberto da.
ABSTRACT In Brazil, ethanol is obtained by fermentat of sugar cane juice using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cane juice extraction generates the bagasse that has been used for obtaining generation biofuel. However, the sugarcane bagasse has 30% pentose that cannot be fermented to ethanol by S. cerevisiae. Thus the aim of this study was to isolate a yeast able to ferment xylose to ethanol. Samples of cane juice and flowers were used for the isolation of 165 strains that were then screened for ethanol production using plate testing. Among them, the ethanol positive strains Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Starmerella meliponinorum were selected for a xylose fermentation assay, using a semi-synthetic and bagasse hydrolysate as must. S....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Xylose; Ethanol; Yeast; Sugarcane bagasse.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132016000100419

Evaluation of apple pomace based reconstituted feed in rats after solid state fermentation and ethanol recovery
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Devrajan,A.; Joshi,Vinod K.; Gupta,Kuldeep; Sheikher,Chander; Lal,Brij B.
To utilize apple pomace in an economical and effective way, a feed was developed by solid state fermentation (SSF) using sequential interactive co-culture of Candida utilis and Kloeckera. Removal of ethanol and drying of the left - over residue. Feeding trial was conducted in white albino rats before and after reconstitution of apple pomace feed in the choice and no choice study. Feeding of apple pomace feed in the rats before reconstitution indicated that neither in fermented nor in unfermented form it was acceptable. In the no choice study both in 100% fermented and unfermented apple pomace group feed intake decreased continuously resulting in death of rats apparently due to decreased digestibility owing to high fibre content. Further, fermented or...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Apple pomace; Rat feed; Solid state fermentation; Ethanol.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132004000100013

Extraction time for soybean isoflavone determination
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Carrão-Panizzi,Mercedes C.; Favoni,Silvana Pedroso de Goés; Kikuchi,Akio.
Studies were carried out on the optimization of the extraction procedures for isoflavones determination in soybean by HPLC. Isoflavones were extracted from 100 mg samples of full fat soybean flour "Kinako" (milled toasted grains). Recovery of average total isoflavones was higher when extraction was performed with agitation(217.2 mg/100g), than without agitation(191.0 mg/100g). Isoflavone extraction without agitation for 1,4, 20 and 24 hours, were equally efficient for total and individual compounds. These results suggested that an efficient isoflavone recovery could be achieved with extraction for one hour with agitation.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Soybeans; Isoflavones; Glucosides; Aglucones; Extraction; Ethanol; HPLC.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132002000600015

Evaluation of oat hull hemicellulosic hydrolysate fermentability employing Pichia stipitis
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Chaud,Luciana Cristina Silveira; Silva,Débora Danielle Virgínio da; Mattos,Rafael Taino de; Felipe,Maria das Graças de Almeida.
Oat hull hemicellulosic hydrolysate obtained by diluted acid hydrolysis was employed as fermentation medium for Pichia stipitis cultivation. A comparison between the use of treated hydrolysate with 1% activated charcoal to reduce the toxic compounds generated during the hydrolysis process and untreated hydrolysate as a control was conducted. In the cultures using treated hydrolysate the total consumption of glucose, low xylose consumption and ethanol and glycerol formation were observed. The medium formulated with untreated hydrolysate showed morphological cell modifications with consequently cell death, no ethanol formation and formation of glycerol as byproduct of fermentative process, probably as a response to stressful conditions to yeast due to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pichia stipitis; Hemicellulosic hydrolysate; Oat hull; Ethanol; Activated charcoal.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132012000500017

Sugar cane juice fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis CP4 subjected to inhibition by ethanol and high initial concentration of substrate
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Tano,Marcia S.; Buzato,João B.; Celligoi,Maria Antonia P. C.
Sugar cane juice fermentation by Z. mobilis CP4 subject to stress by ethanol and high concentration of sucrose was investigated. Supplementation with saponifiable portion of soybean oil deodourising destillate (SOD) at 5; 10 and 15 mL/L.The ethanol production resulted values of 15.91; 16.99 and 15.63 g/L respectively. Values of Yp/s 0.35; 0.36 and 0.37 were achieved, which represented 20.69; 24.14 and 27.59% respectively higher when unsupplemented medium fermentation was carried out.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Zymomonas mobilis; Fermentation; Lipids; Ethanol.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132000000400012

Determination of yeast killer activity in fermenting sugarcane juice using selected ethanol-making strains
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Ceccato-Antonini,Sandra Regina; Tosta,Christiann Davis; Silva,Ana Cláudia da.
Twenty-four yeasts out of 342 isolated from the fermentative process showed killer activity and three of them were selected for the fermentative efficiency evaluation in batch system with cell recycle, flask and fermentor experiments. The selected three killer strains did not present similar results to those of pressed (baking) yeast concerning ethanol (0.07-0.18; 0.12-0.20; 0.10-0.13; 0.22-0.25 g/g, respectively) and biomass (0.19-0.26; 0.33-0.39; 0.13-0.27; 0.47-0.61 g/g, respectively) yields and fermentative efficiency (12.3-36.3; 21.0-40.0; 19.3-26.3; 47.6-54.0 %, respectively) in sugarcane juice, in flasks. In fermentor, similar behaviour was observed. However, the selected strains showed high cellular viability and killer activity (using cell-free...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Killer yeasts; Alcoholic fermentation; Ethanol; Killer toxin.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132004000100003

Development of a certified reference material: ethanol in water - a practical case
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Souza,Vanderléa de; Caixeiro,Janaína Marques R.; Silva,Rafael A. L. da; Pedro,Leandro R.; Borges,Renata M. H.; Couto,Paulo R. G.
The present work describes the development of a certified reference material (CRM) composed of solutions of ethanol in water in five different concentrations, and all stages necessary for the development of an CRM, according to the guidelines of ISO GUIDES 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35. The development of this CRM has been determined by Inmetro Rule n. 006 of 2002, which requires that all breath alcohol analyzers being used in Brazil shall have their respective models approved and that the subsequent verifications shall be performed based on tests with solutions of ethanol in water. As a result, the development of this CRM significantly contributes to the reliability of measurements performed with breath alcohol analyzers, with stated measurement uncertainty....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Certified reference material; Reliability of measurements; Ethanol.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132006000200017

Bioethanol from Microalgal Biomass: A Promising Approach in Biorefinery
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Silva,Carlos Eduardo de Farias; Bertucco,Alberto.
Abstract The development of new technologies which increase the production of biofuel without directly compete with food production is required. Microalgal biomass has recently been in the highlight. The role of this biomass is here discussed within the concept of biorefinery and industrial sustainability of bioethanol production. The process of cultivation in order to accumulate around 50% of carbohydrates in the biomass (dry weight) and the importance of water and nutrient recycling are reviewed. Saccharification of biomass using enzymes or acids and alternative processes such as hydrothermal liquefaction and flash hydrolysis are addressed. Since the main monosaccharide in microalgal biomass is glucose, high rates of hydrolysis and fermentation were,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Microalgae; Biofuel; Hydrolysis; Nutrient recycle.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000100602

Chemical inhibition of the contaminant Lactobacillus fermentum from distilleries producing fuel bioethanol
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Oliva Neto,Pedro de; Lima,Fabíola Aliaga de; Silva,Ketrin Cristina da; Silva,Douglas Fernandes da; Carvalho,Ana Flavia Azevedo; Santos,Catarina dos.
The purpose of this study was to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of pure or mixed chemicals for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus fermentum in the samples isolated from distilleries with serious bacterial contamination problems. The biocides, which showed the best results were: 3,4,4' trichlorocarbanilide (TCC), tested at pH 4.0 (MIC = 3.12 mg/l), TCC with benzethonium chloride (CBe) at pH 6.0 (MIC = 3.12 mg/l) and TCC mixed with benzalkonium chloride (CBa) at pH 6.0 (MIC = 1.53 mg /l). If CBa was used in sugar cane milling in 1:1 ratio with TCC, a 8 times reduction of CBa was possible. This formulation also should be tested in fermentation steps since it was more difficult for the bacterium to develop resistance to biocide....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Lactic acid bacteria; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Lactobacillus fermentum.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132014000300019

Characterization of an alcoholic hepatic steatosis model induced by ethanol and high-fat diet in rats
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Souza,Carlos Eduardo Alves de; Stolf,Aline Maria; Dreifuss,Arturo Alejandro; Lívero,Francislaine dos Reis; Gomes,Liana de Oliveira; Petiz,Lyvia; Beltrame,Olair; Dittrich,Rosangela Locatelli; Telles,José Ederaldo Queiroz; Cadena,Sílvia Maria; Acco,Alexandra.
Alcoholic liver disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver damage, which increases when ethanol is associated with high-fat diets (HFD). This work aimed to establish a model of alcoholic hepatic steatosis (AHS) by using a combination of 10% ethanol and sunflower seeds as the source of HFD. Male rats received water or 10% ethanol and regular chow diet and/or HFD, which consisted of sunflower seeds. The food consumption, liquid intake and body weight of the rats were monitored for 30 days. After this period, blood was collected for biochemical evaluation, and liver samples were collected for histological, mitochondrial enzyme activity and oxidative stress analyses. Our results indicated that the combination of 10% ethanol and HFD induced micro- and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Alcoholic hepatic steatosis; High-fat diet; Sunflower seeds; Mitochondria.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132015000300367

Efeito do etanol e do peróxido de hidrogênio intragástrico sobre a mucosa gástrica de rã (Rana catesbeiana, SHAW)
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Estivallet,Hidê Virgínia; Rodrigues,Maria Inês; Marroni,Norma Possa.
This work investigated the frog gastric mucosa response to hydrogen peroxide and ethanol induced injury. Acid and mucus secretion were estimated "in vitro" in control animals with intragastric absolute ethanol (1ml/30min. or 2ml/60min.) and hydrogen peroxide. The gastric mucosa morphological conditions were assessed "in vivo", concerning lesion area, pH and mucus. Ethanol (1ml/30min.) was observed to cause hyperemia, cell damage, rupture, edema, erosions, necrosis in gastric mucosa and significant increase in acid secretion. Absolute ethanol (2ml/60min.) caused a decrease in acid secretion due to alcalinization and an increase of mucus and pH. Intragastric hydrogem peroxide provoked gastric unwrinkling and hyperemia, acid secretions were not increased,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Gastric acid secretion; Mucus; Ethanol; Hydrogen peroxide; Frog.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89131998000100007

Effects of ethanol intake on retinol concentration in the milk of lactating rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Albuquerque,K.T.; Ramalho,R.A.; Soares,A.G.; Tavares-do-Carmo,M.G.
The effect of the consumption of ethanol (5%) on retinol concentration in milk was studied in the rat on day 12 after delivery, together with the evolution of dam body weight and pup growth rate. Female Wistar rats receiving alcohol (5%) in drinking water during lactation (N = 7) were compared to normal controls fed ad libitum (N = 6). The mean maternal alcohol intake was 3.96 ± 0.23 g/kg body weight per day. To determine retinol levels in milk we used the Bessey and Lowry method, modified by Araújo and Flores ((1978) Clinical Chemistry, 24: 386-392). The pups were separated from dams for a 2-4-h period, after which the dams were injected intraperitoneally with anesthetic and oxytocin. The concentration of retinol in milk was 162.88 ± 10.60 µg/dl in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Lactation; Ethanol; Retinol; Milk; Rat.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998000700007

Participation of the cholinergic system in the ethanol-induced suppression of paradoxical sleep in rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Papale,L.A.; Andersen,M.L.; Perry,J.C.; Tufik,S.
Sleep disturbance is among the many consequences of ethanol abuse in both humans and rodents. Ethanol consumption can reduce REM or paradoxical sleep (PS) in humans and rats, respectively. The first aim of this study was to develop an animal model of ethanol-induced PS suppression. This model administered intragastrically (by gavage) to male Wistar rats (3 months old, 200-250 g) 0.5 to 3.5 g/kg ethanol. The 3.5 g/kg dose of ethanol suppressed the PS stage compared with the vehicle group (distilled water) during the first 2-h interval (0-2 h; 1.3 vs 10.2; P &lt; 0.001). The second aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which ethanol suppresses PS. We examined the effects of cholinergic drug pretreatment. The cholinergic system was chosen...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cholinergic; Atropine; Pilocarpine; Ethanol; Paradoxical sleep; Electroencephalography.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000900007

Alcohol dependence induced in rats by semivoluntary intermittent intake
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Macieira,M.S.; Almeida,W.G.; Silva,E.A.; Schenberg,L.C.; Nakamura-Palacios,E.M.
The objective of the present experiment was to assess ethyl alcohol (ETOH) dependence brought about by a semivoluntary intermittent intake regimen in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 150-250 g at the onset of the experiment were assigned to the following groups: 0% ETOH (N = 11), 5% ETOH (N = 20), 20% ETOH (N = 20) and 40% ETOH (N = 18). ETOH solutions were offered at the end of the day and overnight from Monday to Friday, and throughout weekends, for 90 days. The concentration of the ETOH solutions was increased in a stepwise fashion allowing the rats to get used to the taste of alcohol. Reposition of pure water was permitted during 1-h water drinking periods in the morning. Daily volume intake (± SEM) averaged 25.4 ± 0.4 ml (0% ETOH), 23.8 ± 0.6 ml (5%...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Alcohol; Drug dependence; Rat.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000900009

Combined effects of diethylpropion and alcohol on locomotor activity of mice: participation of the dopaminergic and opioid systems
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Gevaerd,M.S.; Sultowski,E.T.; Takahashi,R.N.
The widespread consumption of anorectics and combined anorectic + alcohol misuse are problems in Brazil. In order to better understand the interactive effects of ethanol (EtOH) and diethylpropion (DEP) we examined the locomotion-activating effects of these drugs given alone or in combination in mice. We also determined whether this response was affected by dopamine (DA) or opioid receptor antagonists. A total of 160 male Swiss mice weighing approximately 30 g were divided into groups of 8 animals per group. The animals were treated daily for 7 consecutive days with combined EtOH + DEP (1.2 g/kg and 5.0 mg/kg, ip), EtOH (1.2 g/kg, ip), DEP (5.0 mg/kg, ip) or the control solution coadministered with the DA antagonist haloperidol (HAL, 0.075 mg/kg, ip), the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diethylpropion; Ethanol; Locomotor activity; Dopamine; Opioid; Mice.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001200015

Effects of chronic ethanol treatment on monoamine levels in rat hippocampus and striatum
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Vasconcelos,S.M.M.; Cavalcante,R.A.; Aguiar,L.M.V.; Sousa,F.C.F.; Fonteles,M.M.F.; Viana,G.S.B.
We studied the effects of ethanol on concentrations of noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in rat hippocampus and striatum. Ethanol (2 or 4 g/kg, po, from a 20% aqueous solution) was administered daily to male Wistar rats (4-13 per group) for 30 days and animals were sacrificed 30 min or 48 h after the last administration. Monoamines were measured by HPLC and considered significant at P &lt; 0.05. A 47% increase in 5-HT levels was observed in the hippocampus with 4 g/kg ethanol in the 30-min protocol. Ethanol (2 and 4 g/kg) decreased DA (2114.5 ± 126.4 and 1785.1 ± 234.2 ng/g wet tissue, respectively) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC, 1477.6 ± 132.1 and 1218.8 ± 271.7 ng/g wet tissue, respectively) levels,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Hippocampus; Striatum; Ethanol; Noradrenaline; Dopamine; Serotonin.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004001200009

Ethanol-induced colitis prevents oral tolerance induction in mice
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Andrade,M.C.; Vaz,N.M.; Faria,A.M.C.
The gut mucosa is a major site of contact with antigens from food and microbiota. Usually, these daily contacts with natural antigens do not result in inflammatory reactions; instead they result in a state of systemic hyporesponsiveness named oral tolerance. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with the breakdown of the immunoregulatory mechanisms that maintain oral tolerance. Several animal models of IBD/colitis are available. In mice, these include targeted disruptions of the genes encoding cytokines, T cell subsets or signaling proteins. Colitis can also be induced by intrarectal administration of chemical substances such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in 50% ethanol. We report here a novel model of colitis induced by intrarectal...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Colitis; Oral tolerance; Cytokines.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000900013

Can calories from ethanol contribute to body weight preservation by malnourished rats?
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Aguiar,A.S.; Da-Silva,V.A.; Boaventura,G.T.
Our objective was to compare the use of calories from ethanol by well-nourished and malnourished rats in terms of body weight. Female Wistar rats weighing 170-180 g at the beginning of the study were used. The animals were divided into two groups (N = 12 each): group W received water ad libitum and group E an ethanol solution ad libitum as the only source of liquid throughout the experiment. The concentration of ethanol was increased weekly from 0 to 5, 10, 20 and 40% (v/v). In the well-nourished phase (A), all rats received food ad libitum (AW and AE). Ethanol treatment (AE) was then interrupted and water was offered to both groups. After 2 weeks both AW and AE rats were submitted to food restriction (50% of group AW food consumption), thus initiating the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Weight gain; Malnutrition; Rats; Toxicity.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000600009

The decrease in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity induced by ethanol predisposes rats to the development of porphyria and accelerates xenobiotic-triggered porphyria, regardless of hepatic damage
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Ríos de Molina,M.C.; Mazzetti,M.B.; Galigniana,M.; Aldonatti,C.; Tomio,J.M.; San Martín de Viale,L.C.
We evaluated the porphyrinogenic ability of ethanol (20% in drinking water) per se, its effect on the development of sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda induced by hexachlorobenzene in female Wistar rats (170-190 g, N = 8/group), and the relationship with hepatic damage. Twenty-five percent of the animals receiving ethanol increased up to 14-, 25-, and 4.5-fold the urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinate, porphobilinogen, and porphyrins, respectively. Ethanol exacerbated the precursor excretions elicited by hexachlorobenzene. Hepatic porphyrin levels increased by hexachlorobenzene treatment, while this parameter only increased (up to 90-fold) in some of the animals that received ethanol alone. Ethanol reduced the activities of uroporphyrinogen...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Alcoholism; Ethanol; Heme metabolic pathway; Hepatic damage; Hexachlorobenzene; Porphyria cutanea tarda.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002001100004

Hyperalgesic effect induced by barbiturates, midazolam and ethanol: pharmacological evidence for GABA-A receptor involvement
Provedor de dados: 56
The involvement of GABA-A receptors in the control of nociception was studied using the tail-flick test in rats. Non-hypnotic doses of the barbiturates phenobarbital (5-50 mg/kg), pentobarbital (17-33 mg/kg), and thiopental (7.5-30 mg/kg), of the benzodiazepine midazolam (10 mg/kg) or of ethanol (0.4-1.6 g/kg) administered by the systemic route reduced the latency for the tail-flick response, thus inducing a 'hyperalgesic' state in the animals. In contrast, non-convulsant doses of the GABA-A antagonist picrotoxin (0.12-1.0 mg/kg) administered systemically induced an increase in the latency for the tail-flick response, therefore characterizing an 'antinociceptive' state. Previous picrotoxin (0.12 mg/kg) treatment abolished the hyperalgesic state induced by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Barbiturates; Midazolam; Ethanol; Picrotoxin; Hyperalgesia; GABA-A receptor.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000200015

Low ethanol consumption increases insulin sensitivity in Wistar rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Furuya,D.T.; Binsack,R.; Machado,U.F.
Several human studies suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity, but these studies are not free of conflicting results. To determine if ethanol-enhanced insulin sensitivity could be demonstrated in an animal model, male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet and received drinking water without (control) or with different ethanol concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 7%, v/v) for 4 weeks ad libitum. Then, an intravenous insulin tolerance test (IVITT) was performed to determine insulin sensitivity. Among the ethanol groups, only the 3% ethanol group showed an increase in insulin sensitivity based on the increase of the plasma glucose disappearance rate in the IVITT (30%, P&lt;0.05). In addition, an...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Insulin sensitivity; Ethanol; Liver glycogen; Low ethanol consumption.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000100017

Ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol enhances physical exercise-induced changes in blood lactate concentration
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Teixeira-Coelho,F.; Santos,D.F.C.; Santos,G.A.; Sousa,T.F.; Moreira,S.R.; Souza,M.V.C.; Wanner,S.P.
The consumption of alcoholic beverages influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, although it is not yet clear whether metabolism during physical exercise at different intensities is also affected. This was the objective of the present study. Eight young and healthy volunteers performed a treadmill test to identify the running speed corresponding to a lactate concentration of 4 mM (S4mM). At least 48 h later, they were subjected to two experimental trials (non-alcohol or alcohol) in which they performed two 1-km running sessions at the following intensities: 1) S4mM; 2) 15% above S4mM. In both trials, blood lactate, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations were measured before and after exercise. The acute alcohol intake increased triglycerides, but...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Endurance; Ethanol; Glucose; Lactate; Metabolism; Treadmill running.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2020000400601

Experimental anxiety and the reinforcing effects of ethanol in rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Blatt,S.L.; Takahashi,R.N.
In order to examine the relationship between anxiety and reinforcing effects of alcohol, drug-naive male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were classified as "anxious" and "non-anxious" in the elevated plus-maze test. A conditioned place preference test was then used to investigate the reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH) on these animals. On 2 alternate days, groups of "anxious", "non-anxious" and "normal" rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of EtOH (0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 g/kg) immediately before a 15-min confinement to the white compartment. On the 2 intervening days the same rats received ip injections of saline before confinement to the opposite compartment. On day 5, a 15-min free-choice test was carried out with no injections. Rats classified as...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Anxiety; Plus-maze; Place preference; Ethanol; Wistar rats.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000400013

Ethanol-induced hypothermia in rats is antagonized by dexamethasone
Provedor de dados: 56
The effect of dexamethasone on ethanol-induced hypothermia was investigated in 3.5-month old male Wistar rats (N = 10 animals per group). The animals were pretreated with dexamethasone (2.0 mg/kg, ip; volume of injection = 1 ml/kg) 15 min before ethanol administration (2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 g/kg, ip; 20% w/v) and the colon temperature was monitored with a digital thermometer 30, 60 and 90 min after ethanol administration. Ethanol treatment produced dose-dependent hypothermia throughout the experiment (-1.84 ± 0.10, -2.79 ± 0.09 and -3.79 ± 0.15oC for 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 g/kg ethanol, respectively, 30 min after ethanol) but only the effects of 2.0 and 3.0 g/kg ethanol were significantly antagonized (-0.57 ± 0.09 and -1.25 ± 0.10, respectively, 30 min after ethanol)...
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Dexamethasone; Hypothermia; Glucocorticoids; Rats.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000100011

Concomitant stress potentiates the preference for, and consumption of, ethanol induced by chronic pre-exposure to ethanol
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Morais-Silva,G.; Fernandes-Santos,J.; Moreira-Silva,D.; Marin,M.T.
Ethanol abuse is linked to several acute and chronic injuries that can lead to health problems. Ethanol addiction is one of the most severe diseases linked to the abuse of this drug. Symptoms of ethanol addiction include compulsive substance intake and withdrawal syndrome. Stress exposure has an important role in addictive behavior for many drugs of abuse (including ethanol), but the consequences of stress and ethanol in the organism when these factors are concomitant results in a complex interaction. We investigated the effects of concomitant, chronic administration of ethanol and stress exposure on the withdrawal and consumption of, as well as the preference for, ethanol in mice. Male Swiss mice (30–35 g, 8-10 per group) were exposed to an ethanol liquid...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Addiction; Stress; Free-bottle choice; Withdrawal.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2016000100606

Long-term ethanol intoxication reduces inflammatory responses in rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Carvalho,E.M.; Brito,G.A.C.; Pessoa,B.B.G.P.; Ribeiro,R.A.; Capaz,F.R.
The anti-inflammatory effects of long-term ethanol intoxication were determined during ethanol treatment and withdrawal on the basis of neutrophil and eosinophil migration, hind paw edema and mast cell degranulation. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g, around 2 months of age) were exposed to increasing concentrations of ethanol vapor over a 10-day period. One group was evaluated immediately after exposure (treated group - intoxicated), and another was studied 7 h later (withdrawal group). Ethanol inhalation treatment significantly inhibited carrageenan- (62% for the intoxicated group, N = 5, and 35% for the withdrawal group, N = 6) and dextran-induced paw edema (32% for intoxicated rats and 26% for withdrawal rats, N = 5 per group). Ethanol inhalation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Inflammation; Carrageenan; Dextran; Air-pouch; Mast cells.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005000100013

An ultrasound and histomorphological analysis of experimental liver cirrhosis in rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Dias,J.V.; Paredes,B.D.; Mesquita,L.F.Q.; Carvalho,A.B.; Kozlowski,E.O.; Lessa,A.S.; Takiya,C.M.; Resende,C.M.C.; Coelho,H.S.M.; Campos-de-Carvalho,A.C.; Rezende,G.F.M.; Goldenberg,R.C.S.
We investigated whether liver injury by dual exposure to ethanol and carbon tetrachloride (EtOH + CCl4) for 15 weeks would persist after hepatotoxic agents were removed (EtOH + CCl4/8wR). After 15 weeks of hepatic injury with ethanol (5.5%, m/v) and carbon tetrachloride (0.05, mL/kg, ip), 5 of 11 female Wistar rats were sacrificed. The other 6 rats were maintained for an additional 8 weeks without hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasonography showed increased liver echogenicity and dilation of portal vein caliber in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 0.22 ± 0.01 cm, P &lt; 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 0.21 ± 0.02 cm, P &lt; 0.01) vs control (0.16 ± 0.02 cm). Histopathology showed regenerative nodules in both experimental groups. Histomorphometry revealed increased fibrosis...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Rat; Cirrhosis; Collagen; Ultrasound; CCl4; Ethanol.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008001100008

Ethanol production in Brazil: a bridge between science and industry
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Lopes,Mario Lucio; Paulillo,Silene Cristina de Lima; Godoy,Alexandre; Cherubin,Rudimar Antonio; Lorenzi,Marcel Salmeron; Giometti,Fernando Henrique Carvalho; Bernardino,Claudemir Domingos; Amorim Neto,Henrique Berbert de; Amorim,Henrique Vianna de.
ABSTRACT In the last 40 years, several scientific and technological advances in microbiology of the fermentation have greatly contributed to evolution of the ethanol industry in Brazil. These contributions have increased our view and comprehension about fermentations in the first and, more recently, second-generation ethanol. Nowadays, new technologies are available to produce ethanol from sugarcane, corn and other feedstocks, reducing the off-season period. Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. There are great research opportunities in production processes of the first-generation ethanol regarding high-value added products, cost reduction and selection of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Yeast; Fermentation; Distillery.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000500064

Characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts exhibiting rough colonies and pseudohyphal morphology with respect to alcoholic fermentation
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Reis,Vanda Renata; Bassi,Ana Paula Guarnieri; Silva,Jessica Carolina Gomes da; Ceccato-Antonini,Sandra Regina.
Among the native yeasts found in alcoholic fermentation, rough colonies associated with pseudohyphal morphology belonging to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae are very common and undesirable during the process. The aim of this work was to perform morphological and physiological characterisations of S. cerevisiae strains that exhibited rough and smooth colonies in an attempt to identify alternatives that could contribute to the management of rough colony yeasts in alcoholic fermentation. Characterisation tests for invasiveness in Agar medium, killer activity, flocculation and fermentative capacity were performed on 22 strains (11 rough and 11 smooth colonies). The effects of acid treatment at different pH values on the growth of two strains ("52" -rough...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: S. cerevisiae; Ethanol; Fermentation; Indigenous yeasts.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822013000400014

Effect of the presence of initial ethanol on ethanol production in sugar cane juice fermented by Zymomonas mobilis
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Tano,Marcia Sadae; Buzato,João Batista.
Ethanol production in sugar cane juice in high initial sugar concentration, fermented by Z. mobilis in the presence and absence of ethanol, was evaluated. Ethanol production was low in both media. The presence of initial ethanol in the sugar cane juice reduced ethanol production by 48.8%, biomass production by 25.0% and the total sugar consumption by 28.3%. The presence of initial ethanol in the medium did not affect significantly levan production and biomass yield coefficient (g biomass/g sugar consumed).
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Sugar cane; Z. mobilis; Fermentation.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822003000300012

Hyphal-like extension and pseudohyphal formation in industrial strains of yeasts induced by isoamyl alcohol
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Ceccato-Antonini,Sandra Regina; Silva,Paula Cristina da.
Yeasts can produce pseudohyphae and hyphal-like extensions under certain growth conditions like isoamyl alcohol (IAA) induction, a chief constituent of fusel oil, which is a subproduct from the ethanolic fermentation. The morphology switch from yeast to a filamentous form can be troublesome to the process. In this work it was studied the influence of fusel alcohols, nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate and leucine) and glifosate (a chemical maturator for sugar cane) added to a complex medium on some industrial strains of yeasts isolated from the fermentative process. Two industrial strains showed transition to hyphal-like extensions or pseudohyphae (clusters of cells) upon addition of IAA from 0.3 to 0.9% /v. The alterations were reversible when the yeasts...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Isoamyl alcohol; Ethanol; Yeast; Pseudohyphae; Hyphal-like extension.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822002000300004

Fermentation of sweet whey by recombinant Escherichia coli K011
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Leite,Amarildo Ricardo; Guimarães,Walter Vieira; Araújo,Elza Fernandes de; Silva,Daison Olzany.
The production of ethanol from sweet whey using the recombinant Escherichia coli KO11, in batch fermentation, was tested. The maximum ethanol yield was reached after 96h, representing only 38% of the theoretical yield. The supplementation of whey with components of LB broth increased the maximum yield to 96% in 72h. The addition of 0.5% yeast extract to whey resulted in maximum yield of 74% at 36h and it increased to over 100% when yeast extract and trace metals solution (Fe++, Mn++ and Zn++) were added.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Escherichia coli; Sweet whey; Ethanol.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822000000300011

Heterologous expression of a rice metallothionein isoform (OsMTI-1b) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances cadmium, hydrogen peroxide and ethanol tolerance
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Ansarypour,Zahra; Shahpiri,Azar.
Abstract Metallothioneins are a superfamily of low-molecular-weight, cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins that are believed to play important roles in protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heterologous expression of a rice metallothionein isoform (OsMTI-1b) on the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Cd2+, H2O2 and ethanol stress. The gene encoding OsMTI-1b was cloned into p426GPD as a yeast expression vector. The new construct was transformed to competent cells of S. cerevisiae. After verification of heterologous expression of OsMTI-1b, the new strain and control were grown under stress conditions. In comparison to control strain, the transformed S. cerevisiae cells expressing...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cadmium; Ethanol; Hydrogen peroxide; Rice metallothionein; S. cerevisiae.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822017000300537

Enhanced ethanol production at commercial scale from molasses using high gravity technology by mutant S. cerevisiae
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Arshad,Muhammad; Hussain,Tariq; Iqbal,Munawar; Abbas,Mazhar.
Abstract Very high gravity (VHG) technology was employed on industrial scale to produce ethanol from molasses (fermented) as well as by-products formation estimation. The effect of different Brix° (32, 36 and 40) air-flow rates (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60 vvm) was studied on ethanol production. The maximum ethanol production was recorded to be 12.2% (v/v) at 40 Brix° with 0.2 vvm air-flow rate. At optimum level aeration and 40 Brix° VHG, the residual sugar level was recorded in the range of 12.5-18.5 g/L, whereas the viable cell count remained constant up to 50 h of fermentation and dry matter production increased with fermentation time. Both water and steam consumption reduced significantly under optimum conditions of Brix° and aeration rate with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Very high gravity technology; Ethanol; Molasses; Aeration; Brix.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822017000300403

The isolation of pentose-assimilating yeasts and their xylose fermentation potential
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Martins,Gisele Marta; Bocchini-Martins,Daniela Alonso; Bezzerra-Bussoli,Carolina; Pagnocca,Fernando Carlos; Boscolo,Maurício; Monteiro,Diego Alves; Silva,Roberto da; Gomes,Eleni.
ABSTRACT For the implementation of cellulosic ethanol technology, the maximum use of lignocellulosic materials is important to increase efficiency and to reduce costs. In this context, appropriate use of the pentose released by hemicellulose hydrolysis could improve de economic viability of this process. Since the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to ferment the pentose, the search for pentose-fermenting microorganisms could be an alternative. In this work, the isolation of yeast strains from decaying vegetal materials, flowers, fruits and insects and their application for assimilation and alcoholic fermentation of xylose were carried out. From a total of 30 isolated strains, 12 were able to assimilate 30 g L-1 of xylose in 120 h. The strain Candida...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Xylose; Yeasts; Ethanol.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822018000100162

Continuous ethanol production using immobilized yeast cells entrapped in loofa-reinforced alginate carriers
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Bangrak,Phoowit; Limtong,Savitree; Phisalaphong,Muenduen.
A culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae M30 entrapped in loofa-reinforced alginate was used for continuous ethanol fermentation in a packed-bed reactor with initial sugar concentrations of 200-248 g/L. Maximum ethanol productivity of 11.5 g/(L·h) was obtained at an ethanol concentration of 57.4 g/L, an initial sugar concentration of 220 g/L and a dilution rate (D) of 0.2 h-1. However, a maximum ethanol concentration of 82.1 g/L (productivity of 9.0 g/(L·h)) was obtained at a D of 0.11 h-1. Ethanol productivity in the continuous culture was 6-8-fold higher than that in the batch culture. Due to the developed carrier's high biocompatibility, high porosity, and good mechanical strength, advantages such as cell regeneration, reusability, altered mechanical...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Loofa; Alginate; Immobilization; Continuous.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822011000200032

Statistical investigation of Kluyveromyces lactis cells permeabilization with ethanol by response surface methodology
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Faria,Janaína T. de; Rocha,Pollyana F.; Converti,Attilio; Passos,Flávia M.L.; Minim,Luis A.; Sampaio,Fábio C.
The aim of our study was to select the optimal operating conditions to permeabilize Kluyveromyces lactis cells using ethanol as a solvent as an alternative to cell disruption and extraction. Cell permeabilization was carried out by a non-mechanical method consisting of chemical treatment with ethanol, and the results were expressed as β-galactosidase activity. Experiments were conducted under different conditions of ethanol concentration, treatment time and temperature according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the collected results were then worked out by response surface methodology (RSM). Cell permeabilization was improved by an increase in ethanol concentration and simultaneous decreases in the incubation temperature and treatment...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Yeast; Cheese whey; Permeabilization; Ethanol; Β-galactosidase.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822013000400007

Potential interactions of central nervous system drugs used in the elderly population
Provedor de dados: 60
Autores: Morrone,Fernanda Bueno; Schroeter,Guilherme; Petitembert,Alessandra P.; Faggiani,Fabiana T.; De Carli,Geraldo Atillio.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of CNS drugs and to identify the most frequently observed potential drug interactions in the elderly living in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A population-based, transversal and observational study was carried out during 2006-2007. Four hundred and eighty elderly individuals of both genders were randomly recruited and interviewed. A validated pharmacotherapeutic questionnaire and the Micromedex® Healthcare Series were utilized to analyze potential drug interactions. A severity rating scale employing the categories of "mild", "moderate" and "severe" was used to describe the interactions. RESULTS: A population of elderly living in Southern Brazil was interviewed and 98 reported using CNS drugs, 74.5% female and 25.5% male. Out of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Elderly; Drug-Drug interactions; Central nervous system; Tobacco; Ethanol.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502009000200006

Evaluation of cytochrome P-450 concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Provedor de dados: 60
Autores: Matuo,Míriam Cristina Sakuragui; Kikuchi,Irene Satiko; Pinto,Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used in mutagenicity tests due to the presence of a cytochrome P-450 system, capable of metabolizing promutagens to active mutagens. There are a large number of S. cerevisiae strains with varying abilities to produce cytochrome P-450. However, strain selection and ideal cultivation conditions are not well defined. We compared cytochrome P-450 levels in four different S. cerevisiae strains and evaluated the cultivation conditions necessary to obtain the highest levels. The amount of cytochrome P-450 produced by each strain varied, as did the incubation time needed to reach the maximum level. The highest cytochrome P-450 concentrations were found in media containing fermentable sugars. The NCYC 240 strain produced the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Cytochrome P-450/obtention; Cytochrome P-450/cultivation conditions; Ethanol; Carbon sources.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502010000300011

Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass
Provedor de dados: 118
Autores: Abril,Diana; Abril,Alejandro.
Ethanol is the liquid combustible that has become the most promising alternative substitute for gasoline because of the experience gained in its production, the possibility of mixing it with gasoline in different proportions, the possibility of using the existing gasoline distribution infrastructure, and the fact that major changes in engines are not required for its use. Lignocelluloses offer great potential as a biomass source for ethanol production, although their use still requires in-depth analysis with an objective and holistic focus that includes present and future technologic implications. The present article reviews current knowledge about the characteristics and sources of vegetable biomass, as well as the development and possibilities for...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Alcoholic fermentation; Energy; Ethanol; Lignocellulosic ethanol; Vegetable biomass.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202009000200003

PRODUCTION OF ginger vinegar
Provedor de dados: 64
Autores: Leonel,Magali; Suman,Priscila Aparecida; Garcia,Emerson Loli.
Vinegar is a food of condiments group that have great use in the food industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of parameters of the acetic fermentation process in the production of ginger vinegar. A suspension of ginger rhizomes with 12% of starch was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis process to obtain hydrolyzed with 85.6% of glucose. After the alcoholic fermentation the wine was obtained with 40.3% ethanol. The acetic fermentation process of ginger alcoholic solution followed a completely randomized design in a factorial for three factors at two levels. The independent variables were: temperature, nutrients and proportion of "strong vinegar" and alcoholic solution (initial acidity). Results showed variation from 2.74 to 3.70% for dry extract...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Zingiberofficinale; Fermentation; Ethanol; Acetic acid.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542015000200183

Maturation curves of sweet sorghum genotypes
Provedor de dados: 64
Autores: Souza,Renan Silva e; Parrella,Rafael Augusto da Costa; Souza,Vander Fillipe de; Parrella,Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães.
ABSTRACT Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stands out as a complementary crop to sugarcane Saccharum spp. for the production of ethanol, since it has juicy stems with directly fermentable sugars. Due to this fact, there is a need for the analysis of sweet sorghum properties in order to meet the agro-industry demand. This work aimed to develop and study the maturation curves of seven sweet sorghum cultivars in ten harvest dates. The results showed a significant difference between cultivars and harvest dates for all parameters analysed (p≤0.01). Regarding the sugar content, the cultivars BRS508, XBWS80147 and CMSX629 showed the highest means for the total reducing sugars (TRS) and recoverable sugar (RS). In the production of ethanol per tonne of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Reducing sugars; Period of industrial use.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542016000100046