Consulta: subjectFacets:"European Union"
Registros recuperados: 155
Data/hora: 05/06/2024 04:23:41

EU Water Governance: Striking the Right Balance between Regulatory Flexibility and Enforcement?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Green, Olivia O; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; green.olivia@epa.gov; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; van Rijswick, Helena F. M. W.; Centre for Environmental Law and Policy, Utrecht University; H.vanRijswick@law.uu.nl; Keessen, Andrea M.; Centre for Environmental Law and Policy, Utrecht University; a.m.keessen@uu.nl.
Considering the challenges and threats currently facing water management and the exacerbation of uncertainty by climate change, the need for flexible yet robust and legitimate environmental regulation is evident. The European Union took a novel approach toward sustainable water resource management with the passage of the EU Water Framework Directive in 2000. The Directive promotes sustainable water use through long-term protection of available water resources, progressively reduces discharges of hazardous substances in ground and surface waters, and mitigates the effects of floods and droughts. The lofty goal of achieving good status of all waters requires strong adaptive capacity, given the large amounts of uncertainty in water management.  Striking the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Environmental law; European Union; Resilience; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2013

Exploiting Soil-Management Strategies for Climate Mitigation in the European Union: Maximizing &amp;#8220;Win&amp;#8211;Win&amp;#8221; Solutions across Policy Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Henriksen, Christian Bugge; Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; cbh@life.ku.dk; Hussey, Karen; The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; karen.hussey@anu.edu.au; Holm, Peter E.; Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; peho@life.ku.dk.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified a number of soil-management strategies that can be implemented to reduce GHG emissions. However, before deciding which of these strategies are most appropriate in any given situation, it is important to investigate how these strategies affect other aspects of sustainable development. For instance, some attempts to sequester carbon in the landscape could alter the soil&amp;#8217;s capacity to filter water. Alternatively, other strategies could unintentionally increase net energy consumption through greater fertilizer use. Focusing specifically on opportunities to implement soil-management strategies in the European Union (EU), we discuss the synergies and trade-offs of those strategies with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate Action and Energy Package; Climate change mitigation; Common Agricultural Policy; Energy security; European Union; Greenhouse gas emissions; Soil management; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2011

Ecological restoration as objective, target, and tool in international biodiversity policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Ecological restoration has been mainstreamed in international biodiversity policies in the last five years. I analyze statements about restoration in three international policies: the Convention for Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Convention for Biodiversity Decision XI/16 on ecosystem restoration, and the European Union&amp;#8217;s Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. I argue that restoration functions at three different levels in these policies: as an objective, as a target, and as a tool. Because restoration appears at all three levels, the policies encourage counting all restoration activity as meeting the objectives of the policy regardless of the activity&amp;#8217;s actual effect on ecosystem services or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Convention on Biological Diversity; Ecological restoration; European Union; Policy.
Ano: 2015

Etude comparative des coefficients de conversion utilisés pour estimer le poids vif des captures des flottilles de pêche de l'Union
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Caillart, Benoït; Borel, Gidas; Merrien, Claude.
Conversion coefficients are the factors used in estimating the live-weight equivalent of fish caught. Live weight is the only measure used in catch statistics, being the basis in particular for monitoring the drawdown of quotas and estimates of the state of stocks. The study looked first at how figures on catches in live-weight equivalent are gathered, validated and calculated in three Member States, namely Denmark, France and the United Kingdom. These three countries employ related methods involving the database storage of sales data together with details of the presentation of the fish. The information in logbooks is mainly used as a cross-check on the sales data. If sales data are not available, logbook details are entered raw in the catch databases....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: European Union; Fleet of fishing; State of stocks; Quota; Statistic; Fish caught; Conversion coeffcient; Union européenne; Flotille de pêche; Etat des stocks; Quota; Statistique; Capture; Coeffcient de conversion.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1996/rapport-1640.pdf

A comparative review of fisheries management experiences in the European Union and in other countries worldwide: Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marchal, Paul; Andersen, Jesper Levring; Aranda, Martin; Fitzpatrick, Mike; Goti, Leyre; Guyader, Olivier; Haraldsson, Gunnar; Hatcher, Aaron; Hegland, Troels Jacob; Le Floc H, Pascal; Macher, Claire; Malvarosa, Loretta; Maravelias, Christos D.; Mardle, Simon; Murillas, Arantza; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Sabatella, Rosaria; Smith, Anthony D. M.; Stokes, Kevin; Thoegersen, Thomas; Ulrich, Clara.
This study compares the details and performance of fisheries management between the EU and a selection of other countries worldwide: Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia, which are considered in many respects to be among the most advanced in the world in fisheries management. Fisheries management in the EU, Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand has developed following different paths, despite being based on similar instruments and principles. Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand have been at the forefront of developing management practices such as stakeholder involvement, legally binding management targets (Australia, New Zealand), individual transferable quotas, and discard bans (Iceland, New Zealand). The EU has since the beginning of the 21st century taken...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Australia; Comparative review; European Union; Fisheries management; Iceland; New Zealand.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00312/42305/41699.pdf

Estimating the economic performance of the EU aquaculture sector
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Guillen, Jordi; Natale, Fabrizio; Fernandez Polanco, Jose M., Jose M.
Despite the growing importance and high priority assigned by the EU policy makers to the development of aquaculture, little attention has been given to analyze the economic performance of the sector at EU level. Recently, the profitability of the EU aquaculture sector has been estimated by the European Commission’s Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF). However, the few studies that have estimated the profitability of the EU aquaculture sector show sometimes divergent results. In this paper, the economic performance of the EU aquaculture sector is analyzed by country, segment and main species for the years 2006, 2009 and 2010 using financial and accounting data extracted from the Amadeus database and results are compared to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Economic performance; European Union; EBIT; Profit margin; ROI; Profitability.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00252/36349/34889.pdf

Geospatial Data and Fishery Management: Innovative Modelling Approaches
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Depalle, Maxime.
This dissertation investigates how recent advances in the availability of geospatial data can be utilized to improve natural resources management. Taking Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data and fisheries from the Gulf of Mexico and the North East Atlantic region as empirical settings, it develops novel approaches to better model commercial fishing behavior and to analyze policy interventions. In Chapter I, I focus on discrete choice models and spatial aggregation issues. Combining simulated geospatial data from Monte Carlo experiments with real VMS data from fishing vessels in the Gulf of Mexico, I show how models’ results depend on the choice of the spatial scale of analysis and on data spatial heterogeneity. I illustrate the implications for policy...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Brexit; Discrete-choice model; Hidden-markov model; Spatial modelling; VMS data; Vessel Monitoring Syste; United Kingdom; European Union.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00692/80426/83561.pdf

Organic in Europe: Prospects and Developments
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Meredith, Stephen; Moeskops, Bram; Busacca, Emanuele.
In 2016/2017 the European organic food and farming sector continued to excel both in terms of organic production and market growth as well as the latest developments in  European Union (EU) food and farming policy. Data for 2016 shows the European organic food market recording significant growth – increasing by 11.4 percent (EU: 12.0 percent). At the same time, the organic sector faces a number of challenges, notably that the growth rates in organic production continue to lag behind the dynamic growth seen within the organic food market. In the public policy arena at the EU level, there are some opportunities for the organic sector to capitalise on the growing awareness and interest in tackling sustainability concerns in the agri-food sector amongst...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34673/1/willer-etal-europe-developments.pdf

Presentations from the workshop "Organic market data collection and publication procesures: the Code of Practice of the OrganicDataNetwork (OrMaCode)"
Provedor de dados: 21
The aim of the workshop is to present the Code of Practice for the initiation and maintenance of good organic market data collection and publication procedures (OrMaCode). The Code of Practice consists of a list of principles/objectives and related indicators covering the different key areas of organic market data collection, processing, storage and publication /dissemination. Associated to the OrMaCode a practical Manual will be produced. The Manual contains specific guidelines for applying OrMaCode. It also contains guidelines for the collection of relevant sets of data and how to ensure that quality criteria specified in the Code of Practice will be met.  The OrMaCode and the Manual, together with the enhanced Database produced throughout the project,...
Tipo: Proceedings
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Markets and trade; European Union; France; United Kingdom; Europe; Germany.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/28172/1/Zanoli_Introduction%20to%20the%20workshop.pdf

The European Market for Organic Food
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Arnaud, Marc; Solfanelli, Francesco.
In 2016 and 2017, the organic market in Europe continued to grow. At the European organic market sesseion session, the latest data, trends and background information for Europe and for selected European markets were presented.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: European Union; France; Italy; Europe; Germany.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/32712/1/arnaud-2018-france.pdf

Atlas of Organics: Four maps of the world of organic agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John; Hennig, Benjamin.
This paper presents four maps of the world of organic agriculture. Density equalising maps (cartograms) have previously been published of the world of organic agriculture based on the reported hectares of certified organically managed agriculture land. The four maps in the present atlas of organic agriculture are visual presentations of current global organics data: (a) certified organic agriculture hectares; (b) certified organic wildculture hectares; (c) total certified organic production hectares (organic agriculture plus wildculture plus forestry plus aquaculture); (d) certified organic producers. Australia dominates in the world map of the organic agriculture hectares, Europe is strongly represented, and Africa is weakly represented. Finland dominates...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Farming Systems; Africa; Asia; Australia; China; European Union; India; Latin America; North America; United Kingdom; United States; World; Knowledge management; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30187/1/PaullHennig2016.OAMaps.pdf

Organic Viticulture in Europe and the European Union
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga.
In this article, some key data on organic grape prodcution are presented. Organic vines were grown in Europe on more than 230,000 hectares at the end of 2011 (217,000 hectares within the European Union) according to a survey by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL). The largest areas are in Spain, France and Italy. One third of Europe’s organic grape area is in Spain. Most of the organic grapes are grown for wine, even though in Turkey a large part of the production is used for raisins.
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Viticulture; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/25258/1/willer-2013-wine.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2012: Global Indices of Leadership in  Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
One hundred and sixty countries now practice organic agriculture. But where are the pockets of excellence? The Organics Olympiad 2012 presents twelve indices of organics leadership with awards medals of gold, silver and bronze in each category. Twenty seven countries score medals in the Organics Olympiad 2012. Germany leads with four medals, India takes second position with one gold and one silver, and Switzerland and USA are equal third on the medal tally, each with one gold and one bronze medal .
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Africa; Asia; Australia; Austria; Brazil; China; Denmark; European Union; Finland; France; India; Italy; Latin America; Switzerland; United States; Knowledge management; Germany; Mexico.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/22527/7/22527.pdf

WP2 presentation workshop - Rostock 2016
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Roman, Krawczyk.
WP 2 presentation workshop - Rostock 2016
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/33452/1/PRODIVA_presentation%20WP2%20Poland%202016.pdf

Organic Agriculture in Europe. Statistics 2006
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga.
The Powerpoint presentation summarizes the main European results of the global survey on organic farming 2008.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: European Union; Surveys and statistics; Europe.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/13184/1/willer%2D2008%2Dbiofach%2Deurope.pdf

European Information System for Organic Markets
Provedor de dados: 21
EISfOM is an European Concerted Action (CA), which aims to build up a framework for reporting valid and reliable data for relevant production and market data about the European organic sector in order to meet the needs of policy makers, farmers, processors, wholesalers and other actors involved in organic markets.In the project existing information collection systems in 32 countries will be analysed. Proposals will be made for developing new or enlarging existing data collection and processing systems. The proposals will be the basis for developing a Quality Management System (QMS) for ensuring data quality.        Aims and achievements    A presentations of the aims and major outputs of the concerted action.        Work plan and workpackages    A...
Tipo: Project description
Palavras-chave: Europe; European Union; Markets and trade; Surveys and statistics.
Ano: 2023

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2015
Provedor de dados: 21
This book documents recent developments in organic agriculture worldwide and presents the latest data on organic areas, producers and domestic markets.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Canada; European Union; North America; United States; World.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://orgprints.org/28168/1/willer-lernoud-2015-master-document-PDF.pdf

Adequacy of the overall control system
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Stolze, Matthias; Huber, Beate; Neuendorff, Jochen.
Adequacy of the overall control system.
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy; European Union; Regulation.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/28810/1/stolze-etal-2013-marekt-and-income-report-chap8_en.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2007 - Perspectives on the Global State of Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
Organic food has been described as the world’s fastest growing food sector, and many countries have now set targets for conversion to Organic Agriculture. The stated goal of the organic movement is the adoption worldwide of Organic Agriculture. That task has a long path to travel, with Organic Agriculture currently accounting for 1.8% of worldwide agricultural land. One strategy for success in any endeavour, is: find out who "the winners” are, identify what they are doing, and do that; and there is a corollary to this maxim. Which countries are leaders in the adoption of Organic Agriculture? In the absence of a single comprehensive index of organic-ness, this paper identifies 12 indices of organic-ness, and presents the leadership by country, for each of...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: United States; Australia; History of organics; World; Europe; Africa; China; "Organics" in general; Markets and trade; European Union; Asia.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/12892/1/12892.pdf

Public support for organic food and Production, Promotion and Action Plans in Spain
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Gonzálvez, Mr V.; Moreno, Mr J. L.
Organic farming has received very limited public support in Spain in the past. This was used for promotion and supporting partly a semi-public control.   The Andalusian Organic Action Plan (OAP) formulated in 2001 was the first broader policy supporting Organic farming in Spain. After this initiative the Spanish Central Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAPA) has also presented a National Organic Action Plan in 2003, before the approval of the EU Organic Food and Farming Action Plan by the European Council in 2004. In the last years several regions in Spain have announced or approved OAP´s, currently in progress in different regions.   This paper is presenting and analysing all this Regional and national Organic Action Plans and other organic...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/12406/1/Gonzalvez_12406.doc

Europeʼs new logo for organic food
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
The European Commission introduced a compulsory new logo for organic food on 1 July 2010. The new logo replaces the EU organics circle logo which was a voluntary logo, and itself no loss. The new logo is mandated on all organic products packaged in the EU. The logo design is described as stars in a leaf pattern. It is a green rectangle with the stars reversed out. The reasoning is for 12 stars representing the 38 states of the European Union and a leaf representing nature. In the mind’s eye of a few Eurocrats, the formula is ‘Stars + Leaf = Europe + Nature = Organics’. The logo is accompanied by two lines of code; the first for the certification and the second for the origin of the ingredients. National organics and certifier logos can still be used - the...
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Knowledge management; Regulation.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://orgprints.org/19514/1/Paull2011EUlogoAcres.pdf

Plans d’action pour l’agriculture biologique. Développement, mise en œuvre et évaluation. Un manuel de ressources pour le secteur de l’alimentation et de l’agriculture biologiques
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Schmid, Otto; Dabbert, Stephan; Eichert, Christian; Gonzálvez, Victor; Lampkin, Nic; Michelsen, Johannes; Slabe, Annamarija; Stokkers, R.; Stolze, Matthias; Stopes, Christopher; Wollmuthová, P.; Vairo, Daniela; Zanoli, Rafaele.
Avant-propos    La Commission européenne a publié en juin 2004 le Plan d’action européen pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture biologiques. Avec ce plan, la Commission visait à évaluer la situation de l’agriculture biologique et à fonder les bases de développement de sa politique future. Au niveau national, de nombreux gouvernements ont également développé des plans d’action pour promouvoir l’agriculture biologique. Il est donc apparu nécessaire de considérer comment de tels plans d’action pouvaient être évalués avec succès.     Le plan d’action européen a été la motivation principale pour la DG Recherche de la Commission européenne de financer un projet de soutien spécifique, l’ORGAP, Projet No. CT-2005-006591 au sein du 6ème programme-cadre de recherche....
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy; European Union.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/13808/1/schmid%2Detal%2D2008%2Dorgap%2Dfr.pdf

Organic Action Plans. Development, implementation and evaluation. A resource manual for the organic food and farming sector
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Schmid, Otto; Dabbert, Stephan; Eichert, Christian; Gonzálvez, Victor; Lampkin, Nic; Michelsen, Johannes; Slabe, Annamarija; Stokkers, R.; Stolze, Matthias; Stopes, Christopher; Wollmuthová, P.; Vairo, Daniela; Zanoli, Rafaele.
In 2004, the European Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming was launched. Many European countries have also developed national Organic Action Plans to promote and support organic agriculture.    As part of the EU funded ORGAP project (“European Action Plan of Organic Food and Farming - Development of criteria and procedures for the evaluation of the EU Action Plan for Organic Agriculture”) a toolbox to evaluate and monitor the implementation of national and European Action Plans has been developed.    In order to communicate the results of this project as widely as possible, a practical manual for initiating and evaluating Organic Action Plans has been produced.    This manual has been created to inspire the people, organisations and institutions...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy; European Union.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/13481/1/manual.pdf

WP3 presentation of workshop - Latvia - held 2017 in Poland
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sylwia, Kaczmarek.
Workshop presentation
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/33421/1/WP3-%20presentation-workshop-Latvia-2017.pdf

Development of the EU organic sector and the world market  in organic products
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sanders, Jürn; Willer, Helga.
Development of the EU organic sector and the world market in organic products.
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; European Union.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/28807/1/sander-willer-2013-market-and-income-report-chap2_en.pdf

WP3 presentation of workshop - Sweden 2018
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sylwia, Kaczmarek.
Workshop presentation
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/33422/1/WP3-presentation-workshop-Sweden-2018.pdf

Growth Trends in European Organic Food and Farming
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Lernoud, Julia; Meredith, Stephen.
Content  Organic market and production trends 2014  Organic market  Organic operators  Organic agricultural land  Organic land use, crops and livestock
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/34111/1/willer-etal-2016-chapter2-ifoameu_organic_in_europe_2016.pdf

Ökolandwirtschaft in der EU. Organisch und Dynamisch
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Frick, Rebekka; Stolze, Matthias; Willer, Helga.
Das anhaltende Wachstum der biologischen Landwirtschaft geht auf die Nachfrage der Kundinnen und Kunden zurück. Staatliche Fördermaßnahmen helfen dabei. Aber die EU honoriert die Umweltleistungen dieser Wirtschaftsmethode noch zu wenig.
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy; European Union.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/36310/1/frick-etal-2019-agraratlas2019-S38-39.pdf

Organic Farming in Europe
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga.
In this article latest developments in Europe are presented:   › Current statistics  › Review of the European political and legal framework for organic agriculture  › EU regulation on organic farming    › Policy support       › Action plans        › Research        › Progress of the OrganicDataNetwork project  › Successful policy work of IFOAM EU  › Further reading  › Websites
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25256/1/willer-2014-2014-03-05-online.pdf

Organic in Europe - Prospects and Developments
Provedor de dados: 21
This publication provides an overview of developments and future prospects from the perspective of public policy support and market growth. EU agricultural and food policies continue to have a significant impact on the development of organic farming not only in the EU-28, but also across Europe influencing market trends in EU Candidate and Potential candidate countries as well as countries within the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).  Divided into three sections the publication firstly assesses the latest developments in EU organic food and farming policy, secondly it considers case studies of organic farming policy in action both in the EU and other European countries and finally it provides a detailed overview of organic farming and market...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Baltic states; Bulgaria; Denmark; European Union; Finland; Hungary; Italy; Lithuania; Netherlands; Sweden; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25649/1/willer-meredith-2014-organic-in-europe.pdf

Presentations from the session "How to improve market data quality? Case studies on improved organic market data collection methods in selected countries" at the BioFach Congress 2014
Provedor de dados: 21
The OrganicDataNetwork project (www.organicdatanetwork.net ) carried out case studies at the levels of retail sales, price, trade-flows, and production. The first results of these case studies have been presented at the session "Case studies on improved data collection methods in selected countries", which took place at BIOFACH 2014, NürnbergMesse, Nürnberg, on February 13, 2014.    Speakers    - Hans-Jörg Lutzeyer, European Commission, DG Research &amp; Innovation: Introduction  - Raffaele Zanoli, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy: About the OrganicDataNetwork project  - Francesco Solfanelli, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy: Case study Italy  - Anja Viehweger, The Organic Research Centre, UK: Case study UK,  - Diana...
Tipo: Proceedings
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Markets and trade; European Union; France; United Kingdom; Europe; Germany.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/28151/1/OrganicDataNetqwork%20BIOFACH%202014_ZANOLI.pdf

Presentations from the session "The European Market for Organic Food" at the BioFach Congress 2013
Provedor de dados: 21
At this session, partners of the OrganicDataNetwork project presented latest figures on the organic market in selected countries and first results of the project.   With contributions from:  &gt; Dr. Raffaele Zanoli, Polytechnic University of Ancona  &gt; Camille Moreau, L'Agence BIO, France  &gt; Dr. Susanne Padel, The Organic Research Centre, United Kingdom  &gt; Diana Schaack, Agrarmarkt Informations-Gesellschaft mbH (AMI), Germany  &gt; Corinna Feldmann, Universität Kassel, Germany  &gt; Dr. Burkhard Schaer, Ecozept GbR, Germany  &gt; Marco Schlüter, IFOAM EU Group, Belgium  &gt; Dr. Helga Willer, FiBL - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, Switzerland
Tipo: Proceedings
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; European Union; France; United Kingdom; Europe; Germany.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/22345/13/moreau-2013_BiofachODN_french_market_AgenceBio.pdf

Organic Action Plans: Development, implementation and evaluation
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Meredith, S.; Lampkin, N.; Schmid, O.
This manual aims to support stakeholder involvement in future action plan development and implementation and evaluation processes at European Union (EU), national and regional level. The manual outlines the development of the organic food and farming sector in Europe; organic action plans as a component of European, national and regional policies for organic farming; planning and implementation of organic action plans; involvement of stakeholders in organic action plan development; and methods and tools for evaluation of organic action plans. The manual draws on key lessons learnt from more than two decades’ experience of development, implementation and evaluation of organic action plans throughout Europe.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy; European Union.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/32771/1/IFOAMEU_Organic_Action_Plans_Manual_Second_Edition_2018.pdf

WP2 presentation workshop - Riga 2017
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Roman, Krawczyk.
WP2 presentation workshop - Riga 2017
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/33453/1/PRODIVA_presentation%20WP2%20Poland%202017.pdf

The Organic Market in Europe 2012
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Schaack, Diana; Lernoud, Julia; Schlatter, Bernhard; Willer, Helga.
In 2012, the organic market continued to grow in the European Union, even though some countries were still affected by the economic crisis, leading to stagnation or even decline. According to data provided by the EU-funded project OrganicDataNetwork(www.organicdatanetwork.net), the organic market in Europe increased by approximately 6 percent in 2012. It now amounts to approximately 22.8 billion euros (European Union: 20.9 billion euros). In this article, key developments of the organic market as well as tables and graphs are presented.
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25254/1/schaack-et-al-2014-2014-03-05-online.pdf

A Comparative Analysis of Organic and Conventional Farming Profitability
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Brozova, Ivana.
The objective of this article is to determine the economic performance of organic farms compared with conventional farms. The analysis included a set of farms the concentration of which is in natural and climatic conditions typical for this type of farming high. The outputs may be therefore considered representative and generalised.  In order to determine the performance of these farms, their production basis was first assessed by using the indicators of available assets and assets coverage resources. Consequently, their efficiency was assessed based on the profit. For the purposes of comparison, the profit was (in various forms) converted to a hectare of agricultural land. The economic results were also compared with the average level achieved in the EU....
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farm economics; Farming Systems; European Union.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31421/3/agris_on-line_2017_1_brozova_beranova.pdf

Growth Trends in European Organic Food and Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Bteich, Marie Reine.
In Europe today, organic agricultural land, operators4 and markets5, in almost all countries, continue to develop and grow. Furthermore in a global context Europe continues to be a forerunner in organic agriculture. This positive development in Europe and in particular in the European Union (EU) is due to a number of reasons, including strong consumer demand, legal protection and requirements for organic production and labelling as set out in EU and national legislation, and the development of private organic standards. In addition, policy support measures, such as conversion and maintenance payments for organic production and other relevant measures, provided for in most countries under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), Rural Development Programmes...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25651/1/willer-meredith-2014-organic-in-europe.pdf

Erhebung zu Bio-Marktdaten in Europa – Datenlücken, Klassifizierungen, Definitionen und Qualitätschecks
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Schaack, Diana; Willer, Helga.
One of the aims of the EU-funded OrganicDataNetwork project  is to collect, store in a common format and provide access to currently available data on organic markets in Europe. Two surveys on production, retail sales, international trade data were carried out. The surveys have shown that a wide range of data is available but a number of challenges need to be tackled in the future. These challenges include lack of data, non-timeliness and incompleteness of data, as well as classification issues as – other than with the area and production data – almost every country uses a different classification/nomenclature for retail sales, export and import data. Other issues include non-harmonised definitions and data quality. For the first time, organic market data...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; European Union.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://orgprints.org/27166/1/27166_schaack.pdf

Welfare state of dairy cows in three European low-input and organic systems
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Kirchner, Marlene Katharina.
Low-input and organic dairy systems are known to be managed differently than intensive and conventional production units. Especially pasture-based systems are perceived as more animal friendly, but only limited information is available on the welfare of dairy cows in low-input systems. In recent years, comprehensive, mostly animal-based on-farm welfare assessment systems have been developed. For example, the Welfare Quality® (WQ) assessment protocol combines a range of animal-based measures and information on management and resources. Ten low-input and/or organic dairy farms each in Northern Ireland (NI), Romania (RO) and Spain (SP) were assessed in the late winter and early spring of 2013 using the WQ assessment system. Scores for twelve WQ criteria and...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Feeding and growth; Health and welfare; European Union.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/23784/1/23784_CW_MM.pdf

WP3 presentation of workshop held in Rostock 2016 in Poland
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sylwia, Kaczmarek.
Workshop presentation
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/33420/1/WP3-pesentation-workshop-Rostock-2016.pdf

Organic in Europe - Prospects and Developments 2016
Provedor de dados: 21
This publication provides an overview of developments and future prospects from the perspective of public policy support and market growth. EU agricultural and food policies continue to have a significant impact on the development of organic farming not only in the EU-28, but also across Europe influencing market trends in EU Candidate and Potential candidate countries as well as countries within the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).  Divided into three sections the publication firstly assesses the latest developments in EU organic food and farming policy, secondly it considers case studies of organic farming policy in action both in the EU and other European countries and finally it provides a detailed overview of organic farming and market...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Baltic states; Bulgaria; Denmark; European Union; Finland; Hungary; Italy; Lithuania; Netherlands; Sweden; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/34109/1/ifoameu_organic_in_europe_2016.pdf

Europe and the EU: IRS contribution for the 2003 Organic Food and Farming Report
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Padel, Susanne; Olmos, Santiago.
Organic and in-conversion land area in the EU-15 has grown in 2002 to approximately 5.1m hectares and 3.6 per cent of utilisable agricultural area on 165,500 holdings. In this period land area grew by an estimated 10 per cent with increases in the number of farms at 6 per cent. The EU Commission has recognised the importance of organic farming in encouraging more environmentally farming methods has taken further steps to improve policy support. A consultation for the development of an EU Action Plan for organic farming took place during 2002 and the publication of further steps is expected at the end of 2003. These developments were in some way driven by a high profile policy conference organised by the Danish Government in May 2001. Other EU policy...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; European Union.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://orgprints.org/11014/1/sa_2003_organic_farming_in_europe.pdf

Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe and the European Union
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Lernoud, Julia.
This chapter is an update for some of the data presented in the article “Growth trends in European organic food and farming” (Willer et al. 2016) written by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), the Agriculture Market Information Company (AMI), and IFOAM EU, and published by IFOAM EU and FiBL in the volume “Organic in  Europe, 2016”. Therefore, the structure of this chapter is different from the other regional statistics chapters in this book.  The article focuses on Europe and on the 28 member states of the European Union (EU), and it shows some trends of the EU-13 and the EU-15 countries. The EU-13 countries are those that became members of the European Union in or after May 2004. The EU-15 countries are member countries of the European...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31187/1/willer-etal-2017-europe.pdf

The European Market for Organic Food at BIOFACH 2019
Provedor de dados: 21
The European Market for Organic Food, 2018 Data: At the 2019 Biofach Fair, the latest (2018) data and trends for four selected European markets were presented as well as the overall trend in Europe.
Tipo: Proceedings
Palavras-chave: European Union; France; Italy; United Kingdom; Europe; Germany.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/23178/1/Willer-2019-EUROPE.pdf

Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana.
This article gives an overview of results of the market data collected in the OrganicDataNetwork project, which was funded by the European Union (EU) under ist 7th framework programme for research, demonstration and technological development and ended in 2014. Under this project, for the first time, detailed organic market data for all European countries was collected and stored in one single database, which is available online.
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://orgprints.org/28706/1/willer-schaack-2015-europe.pdf

Key results from the FiBL survey on organic agriculture  worldwide 2017: Key data, crops, regions
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Lernoud, Julia; Willer, Helga.
The 3 presentations summarize the key results of the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2017 (data 2015).  Apart from the global data, key results on crop and on regional data are presented.  More information is available at www.organic-world.net   The following three presentations are available at http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook2017/slide-presentations.html :  Part 1: Global data 2015 and survey background   Part 2: Land use and key crops in organic agriculture 2015  Part 3: Organic agriculture in the regions 2015
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; European Union; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31424/7/fibl-2017-global-data-2015.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2016: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
Organic production (including agriculture, wild culture, forestry and aquaculture) is a worldwide phenomenon that is practiced in at least 172 countries. The Organics Olympiad presents 14 indices of global organics leadership, each at three levels (Gold, Silver and Bronze). The Organics Olympiad of 2016 yields 29 countries as global organics leaders, and confirms that organics leadership is diversely distributed across countries, large and small, rich and poor, developed and less so, and cuts across linguistic, ethnic and cultural boundaries. Australia continues to lead the world in organic agriculture hectares. Australia also leads in the increase of organic hectares over the past four years (since the Organics Olympiad 2012) and in the number of WWOOF...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Africa; Asia; Australia; China; Denmark; European Union; Finland; France; India; Italy; Latin America; Lithuania; Switzerland; Tunisia; United States; World; Knowledge management; Europe; Germany; Mexico.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30369/1/Paull2016.OlympiadJSDS.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture – Density-equalizing  Map
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John; Hennig, Benjamin.
The World Map of Organic Agriculture presents countries as proportional in size to their share of the total of world organic hectares. Such a map can be referred to as an equal-area cartogram or a density-equalising map. Equal-density cartograms are a tool for presenting a fresh view of tabulated geographic data sets.    The World Map of Organic Agriculture accounts for all of the hectares of organically managed agricultural land (certified organic and in-conversion organic) reported by FiBL and IFOAM in 'The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics &amp; Emerging Trends 2013'. The map visually reveals relationships between the territories of the world and highlights the regional strengths and weaknesses of the global diffusion of organic agriculture. The...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Australia; European Union; Latin America; United Kingdom; United States; World; Knowledge management; Country reports; Europe.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/22490/7/22490.pdf

Assessing stakeholder's experience and sensitivity on key issues for the economic growth of organic aquaculture production
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Lembo, Giuseppe; Jokumsen, Alfred; Spedicato, Maria Teresa; Facchini, Maria Teresa; Bitetto, Isabella.
Participatory management is widely recognised as a working method of paramount importance, based on the principles of knowledge sharing, accountability and legitimacy. Hence, it is broadly considered suitable for addressing issues related to the sustainable development of the seafood industry, and specifically, of the aquaculture system. A survey focused on the current EU regulatory framework was carried out to elicit stakeholders’ preferences, knowledge and experience on key issues for the development of organic aquaculture, supported by science-based regulations. The survey was completed by 65 stakeholders belonging to several categories, and it was supported by the implementation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. Stakeholders’ preferences were...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer issues; Aquaculture; European Union; Regulation.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/35348/1/JMPO_2018_Organic_aquaculture.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2013
Provedor de dados: 21
The 14th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, numbers of farms and other operator types  as well as selected market data.    The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, the latest developments in organic certification, information on standards and regulations as well as insights into current and emerging trends for organic agriculture in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania.  In...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; European Union; North America; World.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/25188/1/1606-organic-world-2013.pdf

Towards an improved legislative framework for organic farming – Overall conclusions and recommendations
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sanders, Jürn; Padel, Susanne; Nocentini, Laura; Stolze, Matthias; Huber, Beate; Zander, Katrin; Poláková, Jana; Keenleyside, Clunie.
Towards an improved legislative framework for organic farming – Overall conclusions and recommendations.
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; Policy environments and social economy; European Union; Regulation.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/28812/1/sanders-etal-2013-market-and-income-report-chap14_en.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2012
Provedor de dados: 21
The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2012 documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. “The World of Organic Agriculture 2012“ includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by geographical region. In addition, the volume contains a number of country reports:...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; European Union; Latin America.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/25208/1/1581-organic-world-2012.pdf

Europe: Current Statistics
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Schlatter, Bernhard; Lernoud, Julia.
In this article, key area and operator data about organic farming in Europe and the European Union are presented.   &gt; In Europe, 11.2 million hectares were under organic agricultural management, constituting 2.2 percent of the agricultural area. Compared with 2003 (6.3 million hectares), the organic land has almost doubled. In 2012, the area increased by 0.63 million hectares or six percent.  &gt; In the countries of the European Union, there were almost 10 million hectares in 2012, constituting 5.6 percent of the agricultural land. Compared with 2003 (5.7 million  hectares), the organic land increased by 75 percent. In 2012, the area increased by 0.54 million hectares or six percent.  &gt; The country with the largest organic agricultural area is Spain...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25255/1/Willer-et-al-2014-2014-03-05-online.pdf

Koberwitz (Kobierzyce): In the footsteps of Rudolf Steiner
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
“Now once again we have made a great step forward!” exclaimed Rudolf Steiner on the drive back from Koberwitz. Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce, Poland) can fairly be regarded as the birthplace of biodynamic agriculture. Rudolf Steiner delivered eight lectures at the Koberwitz Chateau (Schloss Koberwitz) in German in the summer of 1924 (7-16 June). There were 111 attendees, 30 women and 81 men, who came from six countries: Germany, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, France, and Sweden. The audience included farmers, estate managers, doctors, priests, teachers, artists, and engineers who all came to hear Steiner’s vision for agriculture. A witness observed “Seldom have I seen him so joyfully moved after the completion of a task as in this moment after the agricultural...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Austria; European Union; France; Sweden; Switzerland; History of organics; Europe; Germany.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/22491/17/22491.pdf

Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe and the European Union
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Lernoud, Julia.
In this chapter, the 2016 data on the organic sector in Europe and the European Union are summarized.    The development of the European and the European Union’s organic sector in 2016 was characterized by two trends. On the one hand, the market showed a double-digit growth rate again (11.4 percent in Europe; 12 percent in the European Union). On the other hand, organic farmland growth continued to be slower than that of the market, but it was considerably faster than in the previous years, increasing by 6.7 percent in Europe and 8.2 percent in the European Union. The trend of the market growing at a faster rate than the area (Figure 68) has been occurring for several years, showing that production is still not keeping pace with consumer demand.
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34670/1/willer-etal-2018-european-statistics.pdf

Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe and the European Union
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Schaack, Diana; Lernoud, Julia.
In this chapter, the 2017 data on the organic sector in Europe and the European Union are summarized.    In 2017, the development of the organic sector in Europe was characterized by two trends. On the one hand, the market showed a double-digit growth rate again (10.5 percent in Europe; 10.9 percent in the European Union). On the other hand, organic farmland growth continued to be slower than that of the market, but it was considerably faster than in the first years of the previous decade, increasing by  7.9 percent in Europe and 6.4 percent in the European Union. The trend of the market growing at a faster rate than the area has been occurring for several years, showing that production is still not keeping pace with consumer demand. However, the total...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; European Union; Europe.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/34676/1/willer-etal-2019-european-statistics.pdf

Adequacy of the import regime
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Huber, Beate; Neuendorff, Jochen; Stolze, Matthias.
Adequacy of the import regime.
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; Policy environments and social economy; European Union.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/28811/1/huber-etal-2013-marekt-and-income-report-chap9_en.pdf

Funktionelle Agro-Biodiversität im Obstbau
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Matray, Silvia; Herz, Annette; Warlop, Francois; Pfiffner, Lukas; Sigsgaard, Lene.
Möglichkeiten zur Förderung und zum Monitoring von funktioneller Biodiversität im Obstbau.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services; Fruit and berries; European Union; Germany.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31987/1/%C3%96kofeldtage17.SM_final.pdf

Organic area and sales in Europe 2008
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Schaack, Diana.
According to the AMI and FiBL survey on organic agriculture, 7.54 million ha were managed organically in 2008. It constitutes 4.4% of UAA. In 2008, the market value of organic products Europe reached 17.9 billion EUR, the largest share of organic products being marketed in Germany, France, UK, and Italy.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Markets and trade; European Union.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://orgprints.org/18211/1/schaack%2Dwiller%2D2010%2Deurope%2Dkey%2Dproduction%2Dmarket%2Ddata.pdf

EU organic farming legislation and its development
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sanders, Jürn; Schmid, Otto.
EU organic farming legislation and its development.
Tipo: Report chapter
Palavras-chave: European Union; Regulation.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/28808/1/sanders-schmid-2013-market-and-income-report-chap3_en.pdf

WP2-presentation-workshop-Sweden-2018
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Roman, Krawczyk.
WP2-presentation-workshop-Sweden-2018
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: European Union; Countries and regions.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/33454/1/PRODIVA_presentation%20WP2%20Poland%202018.pdf

Organic action plans: Mainstreaming organic farming in public policy
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sanders, Jürn; Schmid, Otto.
Organic farming is supported in Europe3 in different ways. Most countries have implemented specific area payments for organic farming through agri-environmental schemes to finance their contribution to environmental protection and the provision of other public goods. In the European Union these measures are typically financed through national or regional rural development programmes (RDPs) that are co-funded by the EU and Member State administrations.  These payments are an important foundation for the financial performance of organic farms, since they compensate them for additional costs or income foregone due to their organic commitments. Besides payments, a wide range of other public policy instruments exist, such as financial support for processing and...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: European Union; Europe; Regulation.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25650/1/willer-meredith-2014-organic-in-europe.pdf

Bio-Landbau in Mittelosteuropa: Die jüngste Entwicklung in Zahlen
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Drexler, Dora.
Seit dem EU-Beitritt der elf mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder hat sich die biologisch bewirtschaftete Fläche rasant entwickelt. Der Markt hingegen hielt bislang nicht mit, aber in vielen Ländern ist eine starke heimische Nachfrage im Entstehen.
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article
Palavras-chave: European Union.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/22689/1/willer-drexler-2018-moe-laender.pdf

Ökologischer Landbau in Europa - Perspektiven und Entwicklungen
Provedor de dados: 21
Diese Veröffentlichung gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen, aber auch über die Zukunftsaussichten aus der Perspektive der Politik und des Marktes. In drei Abschnitten werden zunächst die neuesten Entwicklungen der EU-Politik zur ökologischen Land- und Lebensmittelwirtschaft, anschließend Fallstudien zu aktuell umgesetzten Maßnahmen in der EU und in anderen europäischen Ländern und zuletzt eine detaillierte Übersicht über den Öko-Landbau und die Marktentwicklung in Europa – von den aktuellen Markttrends bis hin zu ausführlichen Berichten zum Sektor – dargestellt. Wir hoffen, dass diese Veröffentlichung für die Akteure des ökologischen Landbaus, für die politischen Entscheidungsträger, für Journalisten und für andere Interessierte eine wertvolle...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Baltic states; Bulgaria; Denmark; European Union; Finland; Hungary; Italy; Lithuania; Netherlands; Sweden; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25672/1/281_IFOAM_book_full-DE-draft4.pdf

Education, Employment and Social Inclusion within the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laselle,   Laurence; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Employment and social inclusion have been regular themes in the agenda of the European Union for the past fifteen years. From a soft coordinated approach mainly focused on the fight against unemployment, the European Union has moved towards a more coordinated but still voluntary strategy for its Member States and this agenda now has multiple economic, social and environmental objectives. A constant feature of these strategies has been the use of education and training policies, in particular for young people who are at risk of social exclusion. This paper reviews the relevant agenda of the European Union and presents the concept of second chance schools initiated by the European Commission in 1995. It seeks to understand how the elements associated with...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; European Commission; Education; Social Inclusion; Second chance schools; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123542

Optimal Coverage of Installations in a Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanderson,   Todd; Ancev,   Tihomir; Betz,   Regina.
Trading schemes for emission allowances have become a panacea for nations aspiring to reduce their aggregate emissions of greenhouse gases from industry in a cost-effective manner. The contention of this paper is that an emissions trading scheme (ETS) should not be based on blanket coverage of installations on a downstream level, but should rather be designed to include some installations, and from some industrial sectors. In the case of an ETS there are high costs of administration, monitoring and transacting imposed on the installations covered. These costs are supposed to be more than offset by the cost savings realised through trading in the market for emission allowances. However, the paper shows that not all installations can fully offset...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Emissions Trading Scheme; European Union; Marginal Abatement Costs; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6047

Agriculture and European Union Enlargement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.; Kelch,   David R.; Liapis,   Peter S.; Tangermann,   Stefan.
Potential accession of a number of eastern and central European countries into the European Union (EU) seems destined to lead to further reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The financial costs of absorbing these countries may be extreme. This report documents the modeling framework (European Simulation Model, ESIM) used to analyze the 1992 CAP reform and discusses possible effects of EU enlargement.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; European Union; EU; European Union enlargement; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33571

THE IMPACT OF REGULATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus; Blind,   Knut.
Paper prepared for presentation at the 8th ICABR International Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology: International Trade and Domestic Production Ravello (Italy), July 8 to 11th, 2004
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food industry; Regulation; Innovation; Biotechnology; Organic food; Functional Food; European Union; United States; Industrial Organization; L5; L66; O32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91013

Enlargement of Trade Blocs: National Welfare Effects If Trade Is Liberalized
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Salhofer,   Klaus.
Small countries may benefit from the formation of a trade bloc, since their combined market power will enable them to manipulate the terms of trade. The question of interest is whether countries will benefit from the enlargement of a trading bloc, if trade liberalization induces countries to substitute domestic support measures for conventional border protection. The paper deals with this question by analyzing the conditions for positive welfare effects resulting from the enlargement of a trade bloc. Based on a partial equilibrium trade model, we consider a game in production taxes/subsidies between two trade blocs. The tax/subsidy instrument may capture the production effect which can be induced by a combination of environmental, health or safety rules....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalization; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D6; F11; Q17; C7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25529

EVALUATION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES FAILURES WITHIN THE 2007-13 REGIONAL POLICY FRAME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanchez Arenas,   F.; Real,   Ramos E.
New 2007-13 planning framework of the EU keeps using economic criteria (GDP) to identify those regions requiring priority attention (convergence objective). Although these criteria are useful for the overall Regional Policy, nevertheless it might result some planning failures of the strategies of rural development. This work focuses in evaluating possible failures of the Rural Development Programmes. For this purpose, a wide range of member Estates and Regions has been selected and two analysis have been applied: first, the coherence analysis (in relation to the economic, social and environmental situation of territories); and second, the conflict (among the rural territories development objectives) analysis. As result of this evaluation, a typology of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural Development Programmes; Regional Policy; European Union; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44433

Actuarial evaluation of the EU proposed farm income stabilisation tool
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pigeon,   Mathieu; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Denuit,   Michel.
Recently, the European Commission proposed to introduce several risk management tools in the rural development pillar 2 of the CAP. One of them consists in providing co-financing support to mutual funds compensating farmers who experience a severe drop in their farm income. This paper analyses this new farm income stabilization tool for the Walloon region in Belgium, considering separately three groups of farms (crop, dairy and cattle farms). Relying on FADN data from 1997 to 2007, this analysis focuses on estimating the probability that such regional mutual funds would need to intervene to compensate farm net incomes and, in that case, the expected amount of each farm income compensation and the total expected amount of compensation. The budgetary...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk management; Income stabilisation; Belgium; European Union; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122485

From SO2 to Greenhouse Gases: Trends and Events Shaping Future Emissions Trading Programs in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph.
Cap-and-trade programs have become widely accepted for the control of conventional air pollution in the United States. However, there is still no political consensus to use these programs to address greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, in the wake of the success of the U.S. SO2 and NOx trading programs, private companies, state governments, and the European Union are developing new trading programs or other initiatives that may set precedents for a future national U.S. greenhouse gas trading scheme. This paper summarizes the literature on the "lessons learned" from the SO2 trading program for greenhouse gas trading, including lessons about the potential differences in design that may be necessary because of the different sources, science, mitigation options, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; European Union; U.S. states; Corporate environmentalism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10819

The Tariff-Only Import Regime for Bananas in the European Union: Is Setting the Tariff at Right Level an Impossible Mission?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal; Levert,   Fabrice; Lombana,   Jahir.
The European Union is bound by World Trade Organisation agreements to move to a tariff-only import system for bananas by no later than 1 January 2006.  From that date, imports from non-ACP countries will be subject to a single tariff while ACP country bananas will continue to enter the EU market duty free.  This regime will replace the highly contested tariff-rate quota policy in place since 1993.  This paper shows that setting the tariff at a level that maintain the status quo is an impossible mission given uncertainties on quota rent estimates and quota rent distribution.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bananas; European Union; Tariff-rate quota; Tariff; ACP countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24461

Subsidizing Education in the Economic Periphery: Another Pitfall of Regional Policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sudekum,   Jens.
One of the most prominent instruments of regional policy is to foster education and human capital formation in economically lagging regions. However, regional policy of this type can actually hurt instead of help the poor areas. The reason is that individual geographical mobility increases with the personal skill level. Through education subsidies, particularly if targeted on relatively high skilled workers, individuals can cross some threshold level of qualification beyond which emigration accrues. Regional policies then result in a human capital flight harmful to individuals remaining in the economic periphery. This fatal result does not hold for such policies that foster basic education and focus on the relatively low skilled.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional Policy; Education Subsidies; Human Capital; Labour Mobility; European Union; Labor and Human Capital; H3; F4; R1.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26130

On the EU–U.S. Biodiesel ‘Splash &amp; Dash' Controversy: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
Replaced with revised version of paper on 10/26/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Splash &amp; dash; Biodiesel; Blender’s tax credit; Tax exemption; Trade; European Union; Unites States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q27; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61425

South African Farmers’ Perceptions of the Benefits and Costs of Complying with EUREPGAP to Export Fresh Citrus to the European Union (EU)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darroch,   Mark A.G.
A representative stratified random sample of 100 South African farmers from across all production regions that export fresh citrus to the EU were surveyed during 2007-2008 to document their perceptions of the benefits and costs of complying with EUREPGAP standards on citrus exports. Principal Component Analysis identified six broad dimensions of internal benefits as improved operating/technical performance; regulations compliance and intra-business benefits; gains in competitiveness; regulations compliance and new market access; benefits from existing markets; and to overcome non-tariff barriers to entry. Two further dimensions of supply chain benefits identified by PCA were improved business working relationship and product quality benefits, and improved...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: South African fresh citrus exports; European Union; Perceived benefits and costs; EUREPGAP compliance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96437

Single Farm Payment in the European Union and its Implications on New Zealand Dairy and Beef Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kogler,   Klaus; Saunders,   Caroline M.
The 2003 reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) replaced the coupled direct support schemes by a Single Farm Payment (SFP), which will be mainly delivered to farmers irrespective of what they produce (hence 'decoupled' from production). The level of decoupling differs among the Member States. This paper assesses the implementation of the SFP across Member States and how far it has been decoupled. The expected changes in the European Union's and New Zealand's trade in dairy products and beef resulting from the 2003 reform of the CAP are simulated, using a partial equilibrium trade model (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model; LTEM).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Single Farm Payment; European Union; New Zealand; Common Agricultural Policy; Direct payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31953

Tariff-Rate Quotas and Agricultural Trade: An Application to the Agricultural Free-Trade Negotiation between the MERCOSUR and the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drogue,   Sophie; Ramos,   Maria Priscila.
In October 2004 the European Union and the MERCOSUR tried to reach an agreement for creating what would be the world's largest free-trade area accounting for 650 millions people. But despite five years of bilateral work to strike a deal, the two parties stayed on ropes at their meeting in Portugal the 18th of October 2004. The stumbling blocks are the MERCOSUR's demand for a greater access to EU's agricultural markets and the EU's demand for expanded access for industrial goods, services and investments. Though, both partners made great efforts to comply with each other requests, it wasn't enough. In this paper we are interested in the possible last EU's offer to enlarge access to its market through  the allocation of bilateral tariff-rate quotas for some...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: MERCOSUR; European Union; Agricultural trade; TRQ; GTAP; International Relations/Trade; D58; F17; F15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24637

Agricultural Employment Trends in an Enlarged European Union: Does the CAP Reform/Introduction Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baum,   Sabine; Cook,   Peter; Stange,   Henriette; Weingarten,   Peter.
In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment, although structural change in agriculture is often delayed. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by -2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and -3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor market; Agricultural policy; European Union; Transition countries; Case studies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; J43; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25395

Differentiated Demand and Supply of Wheat under Alternative European Trade Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Tritten,   Christian.
This paper proposes a partial equilibrium displacement model that differentiates wheat according to its end-use and country of origin to investigate the impact of alternative European trade policies on wheat supply and demand in France. Transmission, demand and supply elasticities are estimated for each class and origin of wheat. Simulation results show that rebalancing trade protection across wheat classes encourages domestic supply of high quality wheat and displaces imports from North America.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Differentiated wheat; Almost ideal demand system; Partial equilibrium displacement model; Common agricultural policy; European Union; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24831

The competitiveness situation of the EU meat processing and beverage manufacturing sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Schornberg,   Sebastian.
The status of competitiveness for the two most important food and beverage manufacturing sector s (meat processing and beverage manufacturing) in 13 EU countries is analysed empirically, using 1995 - 2002 Eurostat data. After a review of earlier agribusiness competitiveness studies an industial competitiveness index is proposed as a composite measure for multidimensional economic performance, covering profitability, productivity and output growth. The index approach enables relative competitiveness comparisons across industries, countries and over time. The results show that during 1999 - 2002 as compared to 1995 - 1998 for both sectors overall competitiveness in real terms slightly increased. At the same time, overall competitiveness seems to also have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: European Union; Competitiveness; Meat processing; Beverage manufacturing; Index; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F23; L66; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10028

Liberalizing and Re-Regulating Telecommunications in Europe: A Common Framework and Persistent Differences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holmes,   Peter; Young,   Alasdair R.
This paper analyses the role of the European Union in promoting liberalisation among its member states and in crafting the multilateral regime for telecommunications services. It begins by analysing the origins of the EU regime, describing its contours and assessing its implementation. It then examines the interaction between the EU and the multilateral regime, examining the Uruguay Round and post-Uruguay Round negotiations on telecommunications services and outlining the issues under consideration in the GATS 2000 negotiations. It then proceeds to assess how the regulatory developments at the national, European and multilateral levels coexist and interact. Dieses Papier analysiert die Rolle der Europäischen Union bei der Liberalisierung der...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; European Union; Trade Negotiations; Telecommunications; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; L96.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26244

Cohesion Policy for rural areas after 2013: A rationale derived from the EDORA project (European Development Opportunities in Rural Areas) - ESPON 2013 Project 2013/1/2
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Copus,   Andrew K.; Shucksmith,   Mark; Dax,   Thomas; Meredith,   David.
The starting point of the EDORA project was the recognition that, rather than becoming more uniform in character, rural Europe is, in many ways, becoming increasingly diverse, implying new challenges and opportunities. The project’s overarching aim was to examine the process of differentiation, in order to better understand how EU policy can enable rural areas to build upon their specific potentials to achieve ‘smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’. The first phase of the project consisted of a literature review in order to establish a conceptual framework for subsequent empirical analysis. This identified a very wide range of aspects of contemporary rural change. In order to manage this complexity, and so that it could be communicated simply and...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Rural areas; European Union; Cohesion policy; Neo-endogenous place-based approaches; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119647

Export market integration in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gil Pareja,   Salvador; Sosvilla Rivero,   Simon.
This paper examines the degree and recent evolution (1988-2001) of export-price dispersion among European Union countries. It also explores the effect of exchange rates on export-price dispersion by reviewing the experience of some European countries that participated in the exchange rate stability zone. The results indicate that export-price dispersion across European Union countries was usually lower than across OECD countries. Moreover, although there is little evidence of convergence, this is stronger across European Union countries. Finally, even though price dispersion was often lower across European Union countries where exchange rates have been relatively stable than across countries with relatively volatile exchange rates, exchange-rate stability...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export market integration; European Union; Exchange rates; F15; F30.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43509

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE PROCESSED FOOD SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Tharakan,   Joe.
For the first time in the food trade literature, the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) in horizontally differentiated products and vertically differentiated products are separately tested using the most recent theoretical models of  IIT.  For both 1980 and 1990, the econometric results confirm country- and industry- specific determinants proposed by these models for explaining horizontal and vertical IIT in the European processed food sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Horizontal differentiation; Vertical differentiation; Processed food sector; European Union; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20903

Preferential Trade Agreements: The Case of EU-Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Huth,   Matthias; Koopmann,   Georg.
The paper evaluates the political and economic incentives to conclude the EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It discusses EU and Mexican trade policy as well as the multilateral context for FTAs. In addition, using a disaggregated approach at the three-digit Standard International Trade Classification, it identifies the commodities that will be particularly affected by the FTA. The results show that considerable trade effects can be expected in a narrow range of products and that the EU is likely to gain much more than Mexico. In diesem Papier werden die politischen und ökonomischen Anreize zur Vereinbarung des Freihandelsabkommens zwischen der EU und Mexiko bewertet. Dafür werden die europäische und mexikanische Handelspolitik analysiert und der...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Agreement; European Union; Mexico; International Relations/Trade; F15; F17.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26269

The border effect in agricultural markets between European Union, OECD and LDC countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Border effect; Gravity equation; Agricultural trade; European Union; LDCs; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37817

Forest Carbon Sinks: European Union, Japanese, and Canadian Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amano,   Masahiro; Sedjo,   Roger A.
This report compares the approaches of the governments of Japan, Canada, and the European Union member countries toward using carbon sinks to meet their respective Kyoto Protocol carbon reduction targets. Various policies have been proposed by which governments can sequester carbon by promoting afforestation and reforestation, slowing deforestation, and undertaking forest management activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4. At this time, carbon emissions reduction programs are still under development, both within individual countries and within the context of the protocol. Although some of the details have been worked out, concrete definitions are often still lacking, especially as regards impermanence of forests, additionality, leakage, and socioeconomic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate; Sinks; Kyoto Protocol; Forestry; Canada; Japan; European Union; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; Q23; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10913

Measuring the impacts of distortions in the European Union cotton sector: a partial equilibrium analysis using the ATPSM model framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gadanakis,   Yiorgos; Baourakis,   George; Clapan,   Carmen.
The “cotton issue” has been a topic of several academic discussions for trade policy analysts. However the design of trade and agricultural policy in the EU and the USA has become a politically sensitive matter throughout the last five years. This study utilizing the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM) aims to gain insights into the global cotton market, to explain why domestic support for cotton has become an issue, to quantify the impact of the new EU agricultural policy on the cotton sector, and to measure the effect of eliminating support policies on production and trade. Results indicate that full trade liberalization would lead the four West African countries to better terms of trade with the EU. If tariff reduction follows the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton; European Union; West African Countries; Partial Equilibrium; Trade Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7285

Welfare Measurement and Quality Product Differentiation in Agriculture: An Example From the EU15 Beef Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramos,   Maria Priscila; Drogue,   Sophie; Marette,   Stephan.
This paper examines the impact of two different model specifications on welfare estimations. A model specification that takes into account product differentiation is compared to a specification where the product differentiation is overlooked. The welfare comparison under both specifications show some biases of aggregation as well as ambiguous results: the welfare under one specification may be larger or lower than the welfare under the alternative assumption. In order to illustrate our theoretical conclusions, we present an application to the EU15 beef market. We show that the welfare when the product differentiation is taken into account is smaller than the welfare when the product differentiation is omitted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Product differentiation; Beef demand; European Union; Welfare; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24720

Challenges for Less Developed Countries: Agricultural Policies in the EU and the US
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schure,   Paul; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wang,   Yichuan.
Agricultural policies adopted by developed countries are considered distortional and detrimental to less developed countries (LDCs). This paper discusses the adverse impacts on less developed countries of the agricultural support regimes of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Despite the fact that the budget for agriculture in these constituencies has the same order of magnitude, we find that the EU relies much more heavily on agricultural support than does the US. Specifically, the EU provides agricultural producers with an amount of support that is about two-and-a-half times that of the US, and for most commodities a larger share of farmers’ income stems from support measures as well. While the composition of producer support differs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural support; European Union; US; Developing countries; Least-developed countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37047

CONVERGENCE IN U.S. AND E.U. FOOD SYSTEMS? THE CASE OF FOOD CONSUMPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traill,   W. Bruce.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food consumption; European Union; Market convergence; North America; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25949

European Union Agricultural Policy Institutions and Decision Making Processes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vaughan,   Odette; Tanguay,   Luc; Gilmour,   Brad.
This note examines European Union (EU) institutions and policy making processes in relation to its agriculture and food sector. With a market comprised of 495 million people across 27 countries and a comprehensive agricultural policy accounting for the largest share of the EU budget, how the EU policy environment functions is important to Canada. Decisions are made at the supranational EU level for agriculture, fisheries, trade, and regional development, while decision-making related to other policies occurs at the individual country level or through a system of inter-governmental cooperation. Decision-making occurs in three institutions: the Commission, the Council and the Parliament. Agriculture negotiations typically begin with a text drafted by the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: European Union; Agriculture; Policy; Institution; Legislation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55322

The Reform of the EU Sugar Trade Preferences toward Developing Countries in Light of the Economic Partnership Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gotor,   Elisabetta.
This article provides a general overview of the evolution of the European Union  trade preferences with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, giving due attention to the reform of the Sugar Protocol (SP) in light of the anticipated Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). The EU sugar trade relationship with the ACP, as captured in both a reformed SP for ACP non–least developed countries and in the Everything-but-Arms initiative for the world’s least developed countries, is analysed and contextualized within the ongoing negotiations toward achieving EPAs, which will substitute the Lomé Convention and give a new order to EU-ACP relationships.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: African Caribbean Pacific countries; Development; Economic Partnership Agreements; European Union; Sugar reform.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52695

Shipping the good beef out: EU trade liberalization to Mercosur exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramos,   Maria Priscila; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Salvatici,   Luca.
The European Union tariff schedule includes a large number of specific and composite tariffs as well as many tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which affect the composition of imports. By altering price ratios between products with different unit values, both can generate the typical Alchian-Allen ’shipping the good apples out’ effect in foreign countries’ exports to the EU. Different patterns of trade liberalization, either through tariff reduction or an expansion in preferential-access quotas, might have different consequences for producers and consumers because of changes in the composition of trade. We illustrate the issues at stake in the beef sector, focusing on Mercosur exports to the EU. We model import demand for different qualities in the presence of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mercosur; European Union; Quality; Trade; Tariff; Tariff-rate quota; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F13; F15; F17; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7215

Enlargement of the European Union: A movement towards the optimal trade bloc size?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.
This paper analyses how the enlargement of a trade bloc will affect national welfare.  We establish a partial equilibrium model of a trade bloc either operating as a monopoly  with a competitive fringe or facing a duopolistic game in production taxes/subsidies.  Given this framework, we demonstrate how member countries’ welfare effects depend  on their trade flow and the market power of the trade bloc. A numerical estimation of  the effects of EU enlargement on the major grain crop markets suggests that welfare  effects are negligible. Economic reasons are therefore unlikely to be a motivating force  for further enlargement.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalisation; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D42; F11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58061

Impacts of the European Union Tariff  On the Florida Price for Grapefruit Juice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.
GJ exports account for a major part of Florida as well as U.S. GJ sales, accounting for 41.5% and 36.9% of total Florida GJ sales in 2008-09 and 2009-10.  The largest export market in many of the recent years has been the EU.  The EU imposes a 12% ad valorem tariff on GJ imports, resulting in a higher price for GJ there and a lower volume demanded than would be expected otherwise.  Based on the analysis of this study, it is estimated that removal of the EU tariff would result in increased sales of GJ in the EU, benefitting consumers in Europe, and a higher price for Florida growers.  The Florida grower price and annual revenue were estimated to increase by $.06 per SSE gallon and $3.6 million, respectively, if the EU tariff were removed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: European Union; Tariff; Grapefruit juice price; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104336

European Food Quality Policy: The Importance of Geographical Indications, Organic Certification and Food Quality Assurance Schemes in European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Tilman C.
In the early 1990s reform of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy led to a change in emphasis away from price into policies to promote rural development, in part through improvements to food quality. Geographic indicators are only one of a range of EU policies designed to foster these goals. Geographic indicators are put within the context of the wider quality enhancement policies that include quality assurance schemes and organic production. There appears to be considerable regional differences within the EU when it comes to the use of the various quality-enhancing policies available. The member states of the EU can be grouped into four different clusters, each characterized by a different quality policy strategy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Food quality; Geographic indicators; Regional differences; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48796

Diseno de un indice sintetico de desarrollo sostenible y aplicacion a la Union Europea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxe,   Fernando I. Gonzalez; Palmero,   Federico G. Martin.
En el presente artículo se establecen las bases metodológicas y se diseña un índice sintético global de desarrollo sostenible que cumple tres condiciones: se adapta a los principios de Presión – Estado – Respuesta, adopta los mandatos de la Agenda 21 Local y se adecua a los cuatro componentes o dimensiones básicas de la sostenibilidad: institucional, medioambiental, económica y social. A partir de dicha metodología se construye el índice sintético sobre el cómputo de 78 variables, 37 subindicadores y 13 indicadores, agrupados éstos en las cuatro dimensiones citadas para, a continuación, proceder a su aplicación a  los países de la UE.  Palabras clave: Recursos Naturales, Medio Ambiente, Desarrollo Sostenible, Unión Europea.  SUMMARY  This article...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Natural Resources; Environment; Sustainable Development; European Union; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q5; R1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28728

CAP UNDER FIRE: THE BUDGETARY REVIEW AND THE CAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elekes,   Andrea; Halmai,   Peter.
During the process of the budgetary review the CAP faces its greatest challenge of its history: not only the (common) financing of the CAP, but the future of the CAP itself is at stake. It is obvious that the reform steps implemented so far – even though they have several forward-looking elements – do not result in a CAP sustainable on the long run. Further changes are inevitable. Basing our analysis on the theories of fiscal federalism and other political economy approaches, we try to answer the following questions. Is common financing of a reformed CAP justified? Can national co-financing be extended? Is it justified to keep the system of commonly financed direct payments?
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: European Union; Common Agricultural Policy; Fiscal federalism; Budget review; Agricultural and Food Policy; F15; F36; H41; H50; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114345

Mapping climatic risks in the EU agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallego,   Javier; Conte,   Costanza G.; Dittmann,   Christoph; Stroblmair,   Josef; Bielza,   Maria.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/18/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrometeorological models; Climatic risk; European Union; Vegetation indices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9260

Domestic Support Reform? A Closer Look at EU Policies Applied to Processed Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rickard,   Bradley J.; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Recent trade negotiations have attracted much attention to the consequences of domestic support applied to agricultural markets. In various markets, researchers have examined the economic effects of regimes and scenarios with less, or different forms of, domestic support including decoupled payments. Here we examine the domestic support regimes for processed fruits and vegetables in the European Union (EU) where major policy changes were applied in 2001 and again in 2008. The changes were billed as policy “reform” but no analysis has yet evaluated quantitatively the nature of what was reformed and what was not. A simulation model is used here to assess the price, production, and welfare effects of policies that have been applied to the EU processing tomato...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy reform; Domestic support; Horticultural markets; European Union; Common Agricultural Policy; Processing tomatoes; Simulation analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51174

EVOLUÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES, COMÉRCIO INTRASETORIAL E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DOS NEGÓCIOS INTERNACIONAIS DE MADEIREIRA BRASILEIRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Rachel Silva; Carvalho,   Rosemeiry Melo; Mera,   Ruben Dario Mayorga.
O Brasil é importante exportador de madeira do mundo, tendo como principais mercados de destino os Estados Unidos e a União Européia. Desse modo, nesse estudo pretende-se estimar as equações de oferta e demanda por exportação madeireira do Brasil para os Estados Unidos e a União Européia; identificar as fontes de comércio madeireiro do Brasil nos seus principais mercados de destino; e, verificar o efeito do comércio internacional madeireiro sobre a taxa de desmatamento das florestas do Brasil. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a demanda e a oferta de madeira brasileira da União Européia são inelásticas em relação ao preço. Por outro lado, no mercado norte americano a demanda é elástica, enquanto a oferta é inelástica. Adicionalmente, um...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio; Madeira; Brasil; União Européia; Estados Unidos; Trade; Wood; Brazil; European Union; United States; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108847

Expansion of Mercosur's Agricultural Exports to the EU: An Empirical Assessment of the Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jyrki S.; Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Ledebur,   Oliver von; Salamon,   Petra.
This paper provides new evidence on income and price elasticities of demand for agricultural exports from Mercosur countries to the EU. Econometric models are constructed for eight agricultural commodities - beef, cocoa, coffee, orange juice, poultry, sugar, soya and wheat - exported from Mercosur to the EU. A modelling approach based on the error correction mechanism is used in order to emphasise the importance of the dynamics of trade functions. The results indicate that there is a relatively weak demand response to income and price changes in the EU. However, the results also suggest that relative-price variations affect significantly the demand for Mercosur commodity exports, implying that the exporter's market share is influenced by price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; European Union; Mercosur; Econometric models; Cointegration; International Relations/Trade; C22; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24606

Structural change in European calf markets: Policy decoupling and movement restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ihle,   Rico; Brümmer,   Bernhard; Thompson,   Stanley R.
We analyse weekly calf prices from 2003 to 2009 to assess the impact of two important events which changed the structure of European cattle markets. We find the four European calf markets studied to be integrated. The decoupling of farm payments in the framework of the 2003 reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy is found to reduce prices. We ascertain that the outbreak of the Blue Tongue disease induced a structural change in some of the markets. Using counterfactual scenarios, we provide an indication of the effects resulting from granting member states a high degree of discretion in implementation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: 2003 CAP reform; Cattle market; Decoupling; European Union; Market integration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61085

A SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Atici,   Cemal.
Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector.  A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade.  The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; European Union; Trade liberalization; United States; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15559

COMMENTS ON THE STRUCTURAL CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market convergence; Food systems; North America; European Union; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25952

Public Expenditure and International Specialisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brulhart,   Marius; Trionfetti,   Federico.
It is widely recognised that public-sector purchasers tend to discriminate in favour of domestic suppliers. We study the consequences of home-biased public procurement on international specialisation. In the theoretical analysis we find two effects. First, a country will specialise in the sector for which it has relatively large home-biased procurement (the "pull" effect). Second, home-biased procurement can counter agglomeration forces and thereby attenuate the overall degree of international specialisation (the "spread" effect). Our empirical analysis, conducted on input-output data for the European Union, yields supporting evidence for the pull effect and some support for the spread effect. Es ist hinlänglich bekannt, dass Käufer aus dem öffentlichen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public expenditure; International specialisation; Economic geography; European Union; Input-output analysis; Public Economics; H5; F1; R3; R15.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26299

The Tariff-only Import Regime for Bananas in the European Union: Setting the Tariff at Right Level is Impossible Mission
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal; Levert,   Fabrice.
On 29 November 2005, the European Union (EU) unilaterally introduced a tariff of €176 per tonne to apply from 1 January 2006 to bananas imported from countries enjoying the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status. The new EU trade policy includes a duty-free annual import quota of 775,000 tonnes for bananas originating from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. This regime replaces the very complex and highly contested tariff-rate quota policy in place in the EU between 1993 and 2005. However, the banana international trade war very likely has not come to an end. Several Latin American countries have announced their intention to challenge the new EU trade policy by initiating a new WTO complaint. In this paper, we first propose an analysis of the two WTO...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quota; Tariff; Bananas; European Union; World Trade Organisation; Most Favoured Nation; African; Caribbean and Pacific countries; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25773

Institutions and EU Decisions-Making: the 'Power' of the European Commission
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokrivcak,   Jan.
I develop a two-stage political economy model that explicitly models the complexity of decision-making in the European Union on the Common Agricultural Policy, and I derive how the institutional design affects the outcome and the influence of the various agents involved, and the likelihood of political stalemate.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Political economy; European Union; Common Agricultural Policy; Voting; International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24862

Agricultural and Rural Capital Markets in the EU Candidate Countries: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capital market; Agriculture and rural areas; European Union; Candidate countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117489

Rural Europe 2+2+: A conceptual framework for a rural employment policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fieldsend,   Andrew F.
The four main ways in which rural employment creation can be grounded on the exploitation of natural capital can be structured by two complementary analytical directions.  These are firstly, ‘production’ based on (a) renewable resources (agriculture, energy) and (b) depletive resources (energy, construction materials) and, secondly, ‘consumption’ by (a) non-residents (tourism and leisure) and (b) residents (incomers including the wealthy retired).  This analysis forms the basis of a conceptual framework (Rural Europe 2+2+) which recognises that there is no simple definition of rural employment but that a sustainable approach to exploiting natural capital, together with the development of the other capitals of the territory via a place-based (i.e....
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Rural employment; European Union; Natural capital; Place-based development; Strategic orientations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119650

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION: DOES THE CAP REFORM / INTRODUCTION MATTER?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baum,   Sabine; Cook,   Peter; Stange,   Henriette; Weingarten,   Peter.
In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by  2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and  3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and agricultural support policies. Currently, farmers in the enlarged EU...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor market; Agricultural policy; European Union; Transition countries; Case studies.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14962

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

CHANGES OF THE EU POLICIES IN HORTICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvisi,   Franco; Bagnara,   Gian Luca.
The EU policy in horticulture has switched its aim from price support to integration of farmers' income. Regulation 2200/96 established the new European Market Regulation (CMO) in horticulture. On this base the producers' organizations (PO) are no longer a political institution but a real economic organization with the objectives of planning and concentrating the production. At the same time, the UE has promulgated another plan (Decision n.2796 of 10/10/96 applying the objectives of the Reg. 2081/93), which is specific for Italian regions in "Objective 1" namely with low average income. This issue establishes the commercial macro organizations with the target of concentrating the supply of the producers' organizations in order to achieve countervailing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Horticulture; European Union; Market; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q13.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14495

CHANGE AND RESEARCH IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poole,   Nigel D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food industry; European Union; Market convergence; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25937

The EU Sugar Policy Regime and Implications of Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Umstaetter,   Johannes; Kelch,   David R.
The European Union’s sugar policy, in place since 1968, underwent its first major reform in 2005 in response to mounting and unsustainable imbalances in supply and demand. The reform, however, targeted only a few policy instruments (intervention price cut, voluntary production quota buyout, and restrictions on nonquota sugar exports), while leaving other key policies unchanged (interstate quota trading, sugar-substitute competition, and import barriers). Consequently, the extent of the reform’s impact is limited, compared with more far-reaching alternatives, particularly when the oligopolistic nature of the industry and its noncompetitive pricing behavior are taken into account. A model-based analysis suggests that the reforms by themselves are unlikely to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: European Union; EU; Sugar CMO; Common Market Organization; Policy reform; Trade; Economic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56457

Time for Change in U.S. Farm Policy: Fundamental Reform Emphasizing Institutions Based on Agriculture's 'Multifunctionality'?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobbs,   Thomas L.
In this article, the author first traces the evolution of political economy perspectives since U.S. farm policy as we know it today was first established in the 1930s. He then discusses the preconditions for a change in the settled beliefs of citizens and policy makers about what U.S. farm policy should look like in the future. The article contains the author’s suggestions for farm policy reform based on a “sustainable agriculture vision” that is also compatible with a multifunctionality view of agriculture. Multifunctionality has been the basis of recent reforms of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm policy; Multifunctionality; Conservation Security Program; European Union; Common Agricultural Policy; World Trade Organization; Agri-environmental programs; U.S. farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7317

THE HARMONIZATION OF THE EU CONTRACT LAW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gyuris,   Arpad.
Why would a common contract law be optimal for the member states of the European Union? The main reason is that it would be much cheaper to set up contractual relations. If somebody conducts economic activities in the European Union, and if the same regulations apply everywhere, this unity can help this corporate or private person (entrepreneur) to work under the same conditions. If somebody wants to sell a product in the EU he/she has to be well-prepared about the different legal systems in various countries. To know these regulations is very expensive. Apart from the costs, there is also the risk of accepting another country’s legal norms, which are different than home rules. The essence of the EU is the common market. The steps that the EU has taken to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Contract; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58913

The European Emission Trading Scheme and Renewable Energy Policies: Credible Targets for Incredible Results?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borghesi,   Simone.
This paper discusses the merits and limits of the recent European energy policy aimed at reducing carbon emissions, devoting particular attention to the European Trading System of carbon permits and to the measures that the European Union has adopted to promote renewable energy sources. From the comparison of past goals and present results, it is argued that more credible targets for carbon emission reductions and renewable shares would probably help the transition towards an alternative energy system and the necessary reduction of greenhouse gases.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Sustainable Development; Climate Change; Fossil Fuels; Energy Policy; European Union; European Trading System (ETS); Cap-And-Trade; Renewable Energy Sources; Credibility; Environmental Economics and Policy; L11; Q28; Q38; Q42; Q43; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98099

European Union Grain Export Practices: Do They Constitute a State Trading Enterprise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Annand,   Mel.
One of the disciplines for State Trading Enterprises (STEs), with respect to the WTO, is the requirement to notify the WTO of all endeavors that fit the definition of an STE. This study argues that the European Union’'s system of grain interventions and export refunds fits the WTO'’s definition of an STE. First, a system of agencies that work together for a common purpose can be considered to be an enterprise. Second, the constituents of Europe’'s grain intervention enterprise receive exclusive and special rights to export grain. Third, the grain intervention system has decisive voice over the timing, quantity and destination of exports. For these reasons the system should be notified to the WTO as an STE.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: State Trading Enterprises; European Union; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23920

CONTRACTING STRATEGIES FOR EU TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A principal-agent problem was specified to define the equilibrium solution of a contracting strategy for a U.S. supplier exporting wheat to meet EU traceability requirements.  The buyer (principal) offers a contract, the supplier (agent) accepts the contract, and then the supplier decides whether to offer a contract to the farmer.  Nature at each level of the supply chain represents uncertainty due to adventitious commingling and imperfect information.  Results indicate farmers would require 9 c/bu and suppliers 8 c/bu to induce their participation in the contracting strategy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Principal-Agent; Contracting; Genetically Modified; Wheat; European Union; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23535

EU Policy-Making: Reform of the CAP and EU Trade in Beef &amp; Dairy with Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halderman,   Michael; Nelson,   Michael Byron.
The present study is part of the PPLPI effort to identify significant political and institutional factors and processes that currently hinder or prevent the poor in developing countries from taking greater advantage of opportunities to benefit from livestock. The study examines the political economy of policy-making concerning trade in livestock and livestock products (LLPs) between the European Union (EU) and developing countries (DCs).   The main objective is to determine and assess how relevant EU policy is made, including the role of key actors and forces both domestic and international. The political economy of relevant LLP trade-related issues are examined at four levels: (a) the EU member state, (b) the European Union itself, (c) the international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); Policy Making; Trade; Developing Countries; Livestock; Beef; Dairy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23758

Rural areas development as a field of intervention of the European Union Cohesion Policy after 2013
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michalewska-Pawlak,   Małgorzata.
Sustainable rural development is one of the social, economic and territorial cohesion aspects of the European Union. In the current financial perspective 2007-2013 rural areas development is supported by the Common Agricultural Policy, which does not always contribute to improvement of their vitality and cohesion with urban areas. The main theses organising the analyses presented in this paper are as follows: The problem lies in the division of the funds into particular priorities of rural development and the rural development is still dominated by the agriculture approach. The European Commission and the Member States’ approaches to rural development focus on agricultural production and improving its conditions or environment protection. Cohesion Policy...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Rural areas; Common Agricultural Policy; Cohesion Policy; Structural Funds; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119652

Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the EU: A spatial assessment of sources and abatement costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Houze,   Martin; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
Agriculture contributes significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gases in the EU. By using a farm-type, linear-programming based model of the European agricultural supply, we first assess the initial levels of methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the regional level in the EU. For a range of CO2 prices, we assess the potential abatement that can be achieved through an IPCC-based emission tax in EU agriculture, as well as the resulting optimal mix of emission sources in the total abatement. Further, we show that the spatial variability of the abatement actually achieved at a given carbon price is large, indicating that abatement cost heterogeneity is a fundamental feature in the design of a mitigation policy. We assess the efficiency loss associated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Methane; Nitrous oxide; European Union; Marginal abatement costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58401

On the Green Side of Trade Competitiveness? Environmental Policies and Innovation in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valeria,   Costantini; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
This paper aims to explore how the competitiveness of the EU economy, here captured by export dynamics over the medium run (1996-2007), has been affected by environmental regulation both on the public and private sector side. The strong and weak versions of the Porter hypothesis are tested by specifying the export dynamics of five aggregated manufacturing sectors classified by their technological or environmental content using a dynamic panel data estimator applied to a theoretically-based gravity model. When testing the strong version on export performances of manufacturing sectors, the overall effect of environmental policies does not conflict with export competitiveness. When testing the weak version using export flows of environmental goods,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Policies; Porter Hypothesis; Technological Innovation; Export Performances; Gravity Model; European Union; Environmental Economics and Policy; F14; O14; Q43; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92910

DO NUTRITIONAL CLAIMS MATTER TO CONSUMERS? AN  EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS CONSIDERING EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banterle,   Alessandro; Baldi,   Lucia; Stranieri,   Stefanella.
Paper accepted after the review process for presentation at the 8th International Conference on Management in AgriFood Chains and Networks Ede-Wageningen, The Netherlands, May 28–30, 2008
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutritional claims; Consumer; Logit model; European Union; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Q11; Q18; I18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37839

Climate Change Adaptation, Development, and International Financial Support: Lessons from EU Pre-Accession and Solidarity Funds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Przyluski,   Valentin; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
Funding adaptation requires adequate governance and there are different ways to organise and channel the funds to where it is most efficient and most necessary. This paper investigates this issue and studies the practical implementation of a development under conditionality, namely adaptation-development, and its requirement in terms of financing architecture. To contribute to this research, it looks at similar problems that have been met in the past, namely the European funding programs for Eastern Europe countries that were candidates to adhesion, and European internal structural and cohesion funds. These funding examples provide a pertinent analogy for the adaptation problem, and most issues in adaptation finance have also been met in these funds...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Climate Change Adaptation; Foreign Aid; European Union; Pre-acccession and Solidarity Funds; Environmental Economics and Policy; E61; F35; O19; O2; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98095

PRIVATE R&amp;D INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURE: THE ROLE OF INCENTIVES AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfranca,   Oscar; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper presents econometric evidence of the effects of  economic incentives and institutions on national aggregate private agricultural R&amp;D investments.  A model is proposed and fitted to annual data for seven European Union countries, 1984-1995.  We find strong impacts of both incentives and institutions on private agricultural R&amp;D investment, and including institutional factors strengthens the story and in some cases changes greatly the results. In particular, we reject the hypothesis that quality of property rights does not matter.  We find that stronger contract enforcement, more efficient public bureaucracies, and stronger patent rights lead to larger aggregate private agricultural R&amp;D investment, other things equal.  Furthermore, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Private R&amp;D; Incentives; Institutions; Property rights; European Union; Agriculture; Spillovers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18246

Decoupled Payments to EU Farmers, Production, and Trade: An Economic Analysis for Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Noleppa,   Steffen; Schwarz,   Gerald.
After an extended process of reform the European Union has introduced direct payments to farmers which are decoupled from production decisions as a central element of its Common Agricultural Policy. They are also referred to as Single Farm Payments. In this paper we analyze the production and trade effects of this policy and its compatibility with WTO international trade rules. A survey of the literature suggests that the system of direct payments in its present form has effects which are analogous to a subsidization of agricultural land. Thus, they act to increase production and trade. Furthermore we quantify the total economic cost of production of selected commodities in the European Union and compare them to the price at which EU production is sold in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Common Agricultural Policy; WTO rules; Decoupled payments; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59853

Agglomeration, Spatial Interaction and Convergence in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brauninger,   Michael; Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
We investigate the convergence process among EU regions between 1980-2002 taking into account the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects. The spatial regimes model allows for different steady-state growth paths. In contrast to previous analyses, the regimes in this paper refer to spatial categories, i.e. we assume that agglomerations, urbanised and rural regions are characterised by group-specific steadystates. Moreover, the regression analysis considers the effects of interaction among neighbouring regions, possibly leading to a spatial dependence of regional growth rates. We check whether spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillovers or based on country effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agglomeration; European Union; Spatial econometrics; Quantile regression; International Development; C21; O52; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26150

A RÉGIÓK EURÓPÁBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horvath,   Gyula.
Az Európai Unió kohéziós politikájának megvalósítását elősegítő intézmény – az 1–3 milliós népességű régió – Európa-szerte az érdeklődés középpontjában áll. A különböző államberendezkedésű országokban az ún. NUTS 2 régiók közjogi státusza eltérő. A régiók egy része fejlesztési és statisztikai célokat szolgál csupán, más részük ezek mellett kiterjedt közigazgatási jogosítványokkal is rendelkezik. Ez utóbbiak képesek komplex fejlesztési feladataik hatékony megoldására. A régiók intézményesülésének számtalan előfeltétele van. Az állami funkciók modernizálása, a regionális fejlődést befolyásoló tényezőkben bekövetkezett vál-tozások, a területi érdekérvényesítés, az etnikai-kulturális szempontok figyelembe vétele, illetve az európai integráció egységesítő...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regionális politika; Európai Unió; Kohéziós politika; Területi közigazgatás; Regional policy; European Union; Cohesion policy; Regional administration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57671

Designing Regional Systems of Biotechnology Regulation A Transaction Cost Approach to Regulatory Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Linacre,   Nicholas A.
Many developing countries are currently in the process of designing regulatory systems that should make it possible to use the potential of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for agricultural development, while at the same time managing the risks for food safety and the environment that are potentially associated with these technologies. In view of the considerable costs associated with biotechnology regulation and the scarcity of biosafety specialists, there are processes in various regions of the developing world to establish regional systems of biotechnology regulation. So far, there are major knowledge gaps as to how regional systems of biotechnology regulation can be designed to be effective and efficient and to fulfill principles of good...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional biotechnology regulation; Regulatory federalism; Transaction cost economics; European Union; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52218

An Analysis Of The EU Positions In WTO: Impact On EU And New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Santiago,   J.D.
The Doha round negotiations in World Trade Organisation (WTO) have been suspended in the last July due to lack of agreement in agriculture issues. Nevertheless, several leaders of WTO countries have stated publicly their will in reviving WTO talks. Therefore, further negotiations should be expected. Despite the last July failure in obtaining a final text on the negotiating modalities for agriculture, it should be noted that since the launch of Doha round in 2000 significant progress was made in the negotiations. WTO members tabled more generous offers than the initial ones in the round. In fact, during July talks the EU had a active role offering more concessions, such as, 48% reductions of their import tariff (instead of the 39% cuts proposed in its last...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO; European Union; New Zealand; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7960

Agrarpolitische Interessen Frankreichs und Deutschlands – Gemeinsamkeiten und Divergenzen unter sich ändernden Rahmenbedingungen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahrens,   Heinz; Lippert,   Christian.
The aim of this contribution is to examine how the French and the German positions on agricultural policy have developed since the foundation of the EEC and what the driving forces were behind. The “general consensus” underlying the EEC treaty, and according to which the common market would be “conquered” by France in the case of the classical agricultural products, could not be translated into practice; for what emerged for these products was not a customs union but a “price support union”. As a consequence French intra-community agricultural exports had to be redirected to the world market. Thus initial positive French income transfers via intracommunity trade were transformed into transfers from the EC budget, an evolution that can be interpreted as a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAP; Agricultural policy; European Union; France; Germany; EEC Treaty; Price cuts; Quantitative restrictions; Agenda 2000; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98761

The New Banana Import Regime in the European Union: A Quantitative Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal.
The new banana import regime in the EU is a two-step process towards a tariff-only system that should enter into force no later than 1 January 2006. During the transitional period, 2001-2005, bananas will continue to be imported into the EU under a tariff-rate quota system. This paper provides an empirical evaluation of the new EU banana import policy. It focuses on the structure of EU imports from preferred and non-preferred suppliers in the transitional period, and it evaluates the tariff equivalent that should be applied in 2006 on EU imports from non-preferred suppliers. The most vulnerable African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, mainly the Caribbean states, would suffer from the new regulation unless they were to receive direct aid to make...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Banana; European Union; Tariff; Tariff-rate quota; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23880

THE REGULATORY REGIME AND ITS IMPACT ON INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN AGRO-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EU AND USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus.
Paper prepared for presentation at the Conference: “Seeds of Change: Intellectual Property Protection for Agricultural Biotechnology” University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), April 8 to 10th, 2004
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro-food Biotechnology; Innovation; European Union; United States; Regulations; Industrial Organization; L5; L66; O32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91014

Factors of population decline in rural areas and answers given in EU member states’ strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karcagi-Kovats,   Andrea; Katona-Kovacs,   Judit.
One of the most pressing phenomena in recent decades in Europe’s rural areas is population decline. This article summarises how the national sustainable development strategies (NSDS) and the national rural development programmes (NRDP) of the European Union (EU) Member States conceptualise processes of depopulation of rural areas. It gives a systematic overview of the main factors of population decline identified in the strategies and programmes and lists the objectives set and measures proposed by these documents. Although the majority of documents identify the depopulation process and all consider it to be a negative phenomenon, there are no commonly accepted objectives or principles regarding the desired extent of demographic changes in rural areas: the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Rural population decline; Strategies; Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122451

COMMENTS ON THE CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Venturini,   Luciano.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food industry; Technology; European Union; Market convergence; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25951

What is really in the economic partnership agreements for the Southern African region? A perspective from Botswana’s beef export markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mbatha,    C. Nhlanhla; Charalambides,   Nick.
The signing of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the European Union (EU) and the African Caribbean Pacific (ACP) nations dominated the multilateral trade agenda in late 2007 and early 2008. While the Caribbean nations signed the full EPAs, some of the African countries only singed interim agreements with the EU and a number of West African countries chose not to sign any EPA. Using the case of Botswana’s export markets, especially in agriculture, it is argued that the interim Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA, which was signed by Botswana and her neighbours, with the exception of South Africa, may have been economically sensible in protecting Botswana’s rural poor, at least in the short run. By tracing trade flows from the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Economic partnership agreements; European Union; Exports; Beef.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47654

Evaluating EU Agricultural Policy Reform Using the EU WTO Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stout,   Jim; Leetmaa,   Susan E.; Normile,   Mary Anne.
This paper provides an overview of the European Union component of the recently developed ERS/Penn State WTO Model. The model is a multi-region, multi-commodity partial equilibrium trade model which allows the user to simulate the effects of reducing or eliminating tariffs and TRQs, export subsidies, and domestic support policies. The paper describes how the model captures the important agricultural policies of the EU, and presents results from model simulations of domestic support liberalization, export subsidy elimination, and tariff removal.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO; Agricultural trade; Domestic support; Export subsidy; European Union; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24941

The Law and Economics of Geographical Indications: Introduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herrmann,   Roland; Marauhn,   Thilo.
The granting and promotion of Geographic Indicators has become an important component of European Union agricultural policy. The granting of exclusive rights enforced by law, however, is a controversial policy. It is controversial both within the EU and with the EU’s trading partners. The protection of geographical indications has thus become a major issue in international law and trade policy, and the widespread use of geographical indications is subject to ongoing discussion. The paper provides an introduction to the Special Section of the Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, which deals with the legal and economic controversies surrounding the EU’s policies on Geographic Indicators. A brief summary of each of the papers in the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economics; European Union; Geographic Indicators; Law; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48789

FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOMES AND REFORMING THE CAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Nkunzimana,   Tharcisse; De Blander,   Rembert; Gaspart,   Frederic; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Low and variable farm income has been a main rationale for heavy government intervention in agricultural markets and income transfers to farmers whether in Europe in response to disruptive agricultural imports and low world prices at the end of the 19th century or in the US in response to the Great Depression. While the future of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is again discussed and new directions are examined, it is fundamental to know to what extent low and variable farm income is still a problem in contemporary European agriculture and a valid rationale for designing the new CAP. In this context, this paper first examines the income level and distribution of farm households compared to those of non-farm households for a selection of OECD...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm household income; Poverty; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; OECD.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44814

The EU Emissions Trading Directive: Opportunities and Potential Pitfalls
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph; Pizer,   William A.
The European Union is on the verge of establishing an emissions trading program ten times the size of the Acid Rain trading program in the United States. Its design takes advantage of many lessons from existing experience with trading programs, as well as economic theory, and innovates in important ways. While we view this as an impressive development, concerns about equity, enforcement, and efficiency remain. Specifically, a lack of data and weaker environmental institutions in some EU Member States raises questions about both allowance allocations and compliance and enforcement. Although much attention has focused on whether prices will be "too low" in the first phase of the program, a greater risk is that uncertainty about program elements, technology...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Climate change; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10679

COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – DEVELOPMENT AND PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Laka,   Oksana; Gagalyuk,   Taras; Mykolayovych,   Kwasha Sergiy.
The following Discussion Paper depicts main principles and mechanisms of agricultural policy of European Union. The study is aimed to show the wide Russian speaking research community only a short historical background and few elements of current Agricultural Policy rules and should be seen as a starting point for further analysis and discussions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Agrarian policy; Reform; Europäische Union; Agrarpolitik; Reform; Европейский Союз; Аграрная политика; Реформа.; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; O13; O 17; P26; P32; P48; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92019

Regional Biotechnology Regulations: Design Options and Implications for Good Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Linacre,   Nicholas A.
Many developing countries are currently in the process of designing regulatory systems that should allow them to use genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for agricultural development, while also managing the food safety and environmental risks potentially associated with these technologies. Various regions of the developing world are seeking to establish regional systems of biotechnology regulation. However, considerable costs are associated with biotechnology regulation, and biosafety specialists are scarce. In addition, there is no consistent understanding of how regional systems of biotechnology regulation can be designed to be effective and efficient, while also fulfilling the principles of good governance, such as transparency, voice and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional biotechnology regulation; Regulatory federalism; Transaction cost economics; West Africa; European Union; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42346

The Impact of The European Enlargement and CAP Reforms on Agricultural Markets. Much Ado about Nothing?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Fuller,   Frank H.; Matthey,   Holger; Tokgoz,   Simla; Wailes,   Eric J.
We analyze the effects of the 2004 CAP reform and EU enlargement on European and world agricultural markets. We compare the results from a CAP reform only and a CAP reform plus enlargement scenarios to a no-enlargement baseline implementing Agenda 2000 CAP policies. We utilize the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute's policy analysis model to simulate the effects of CAP reform and EU enlargement on production, consumption, and trade for the EU, its New Member States (NMS), and major players in world agricultural markets. The model is a partial-equilibrium model of world agricultural markets including important producer and consumer countries in world livestock and products, dairy, grains, oilseeds and products, cotton and sugar markets. Each...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Trade reform; Policy reform; Enlargement; New member states; European Union; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; F1; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25618

Small Farms in the EU: How Small is Small?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hubbard,   Carmen.
This paper discusses and explores different approaches to the definition of small in relation to farms in the EU. It focuses on distributions of farms using different size criteria, making comparisons of the extent to which one criterion maps onto another. Differences in farm structure that exist between and within both the established and new Member States make it particularly difficult to determine a unique definition of smallness, suggesting perhaps the use of a relative rather than absolute measure of size.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small farms; European Union; Farm size; Subsistence; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52852

TURKEY’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karaca,   Orhan; Philippidis,   George.
n October 2005, the European Council, having determined that Turkey fulfilled the Copenhagen political criteria, opened accession negotiations with Turkey. Following this decision, the arguments on Turkish membership has become a priority for Turkey since Turkey’s accession to the EU would have considerable impacts on Turkey and the EU. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential economic impacts of Turkish membership to the European Union. Since much of the support and tariff protection in EU markets is associated with agriculture and food production, the study focuses principally on these sectors. In this context, to derive estimates of Turkey’s accession a multiregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model framework is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Turkey; European Union; Economic Integration; Agriculture and Food; Computable General Equilibrium Models; GTAP; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6398

Competitiveness and Agri-food Trade: An Empirical Analysis in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banterle,   Alessandro.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the competitive performance of the EU countries for food trade in the European market during the period 1990-2003. To assess such performance the analysis considers comparative advantage and evaluates three indices: export market share (EMS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and net export index (NEI). These three indices are found to be high in the Netherlands, France, Belgium and Spain, but only Spain has shown significant competitive performance during the last decade. Also the competitive performance of Germany and Italy is good, although their RCA and NEI values are low. Among the other countries the trend in the indices for Austria, Portugal and Sweden is on the increase.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitive performance measures; Competitiveness; Agri-food trade; European Union; International Relations/Trade; Q17; L66; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24692

Food Import Refusals: Effects and Implications for Seafood Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Nogueira,   Lia; Pace,   Kathryn.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/20/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-tariff barriers; Tariffs; European Union; Seafood; Import notifications; Import rejections; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103250

Land Markets in the Three Candidate Countries of the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land markets; Land structures; Land productivity; Candidate countries; European Union; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117482

Geographical Indication Protection in South Africa with Particular Reference to Wines and to the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Merwe,   Andries.
Based on the international legal framework as established by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), the author discusses the approach to GI protection under South African law. While South Africa has not introduced a registration system with regard to GIs, it relies, amongst other approaches, on common law approaches to defending GIs. The author further explains that certain GIs that are now protected under the EU registration regime have long been used in the South African trade environment, to the effect of having become generic. It is against this background that the author argues that in light of the strong negotiating position of the EU, the Europeans, when negotiating the free trade agreement with South Africa,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coercion; Common Law; European Union; Geographic Indicators; South Africa; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48801

“ข้าวหอมมะลิทุ่งกุลาร้องไห้” สิ่งบ่งชี้ทางภูมิศาสตร์ไทย (GI) เพื่อตลาดสหภาพยุโรป: กรณีศึกษาจังหวัดสุรินทร์
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Somnuek Chongsermtrakul; Ladda Viriyangkura; Thantawan Vattanawalan.
This Study was carried out to develop geographic indicator rice production prototype of Thung Kula Rong-Hai.  The study began in September 2013 in Chumpolburi district, Surin province. There were 43 participated farmers which were Chumpolburi agricultural cooperative limited member.  The operation composted of 5 main steps; 1) development of knowledge via 4 trainings by follow up and recommend 3 times during production period. 2) connection to J.P rice international milled company (1998) limited, Mueang district, Surin province and Chumpolburi agricultural cooperative rice mill limited. 3) evaluation and development of database system.  Certification of GAP standard production system of Rice Department 4) certification of Thung Kula Rong-Hai geographic...
Tipo: Collection
Palavras-chave: Khao Hom Mali; Geographical Indicator (GI); Thung Kula Rong-Hai; Surin; European Union; ข้าวหอมมะลิ; สิ่งบ่งชี้ทางภูมิศาสตร์; ทุ่งกุลาร้องไห้; สุรินทร์; สหภาพยุโรป.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5931

Foreign market selection process as tool for international expansion: Case study for ecuadorian chia seeds exports to the european union
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: TERÁN-YÉPEZ,EDUARDO; SANTOS-ROLDÁN,LUNA; PALACIOS-FLORENCIO,BEATRIZ; BERBEL-PINEDA,JUAN MANUEL.
Abstract  To assist Ecuadorian chia seed producers in their quest for internationalisation. This article uses a case study to present a methodology which assists in the selection of the most suitable export market for a product. It is based on a diverse range of indicators grouped into 7 dimensions that were used to analyse the 27 member countries of the European Union in order to determine the most suitable export market for chia seeds from Ecuador. Germany is the biggest European importer of chia seeds with a 55% share, followed by the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain. It presents a methodology for market selection that can be employed as a tool for international expansion which can easily be used by companies in search of the most suitable...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chia seeds; Ecuador; International market selection; Internationalisation; European Union.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652020000101205