Consulta: subjectFacets:"Experiments"
Registros recuperados: 30
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 08:06:12

Sustainable Land-use Practices in European Mountain Regions under Global Change: an Integrated Research Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL ; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Bugmann, Harald; ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch.
This Special Feature on sustainable land-use practices in European mountain regions presents results from the inter- and transdisciplinary research project MOUNTLAND. The goal was to investigate the sensitivity of the provision of ecosystem services to both climatic and land-use changes and to suggest alternative policies and governance structures for mitigating the impact of such changes and enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. The individual articles provide: (1) new scientific findings regarding the impacts of climate and land-use changes on ecosystem processes in three sensitive mountain regions of Switzerland; (2) an assessment of the feedback effects arising from changing socioeconomic and political conditions, land use,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Experiments; Interdisciplinary research; Land-use change; Management; Modeling; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2013

Sustainable Land Use in Mountain Regions Under Global Change: Synthesis Across Scales and Disciplines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch; Brand, Fridolin Simon; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; fridolin.brand@env.ethz.ch; Briner, Simon; Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; briners@ethz.ch; Hirschi, Christian; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Lischke, Heike; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL;; Scholz, Roland Werner; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roland.scholz@env.ethz.ch; Seidl, Roman; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Walz, Ariane; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK; Institute for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam;; Zimmermann, Willi; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich;; Bugmann, Harald; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch.
Mountain regions provide essential ecosystem goods and services (EGS) for both mountain dwellers and people living outside these areas. Global change endangers the capacity of mountain ecosystems to provide key services. The Mountland project focused on three case study regions in the Swiss Alps and aimed to propose land-use practices and alternative policy solutions to ensure the provision of key EGS under climate and land-use changes. We summarized and synthesized the results of the project and provide insights into the ecological, socioeconomic, and political processes relevant for analyzing global change impacts on a European mountain region. In Mountland, an integrative approach was applied, combining methods from economics and the political and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Experiments; Interdisciplinary research; Land-use change; Modeling; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2013

Rapid responses of pristine marine planktonic communities in experimental approach to diuron and naphthalene (Juan de Nova Island, Western Indian Ocean)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bouvy, Marc; Dupuy, Christine; Got, Patrice; Domaizon, Isabelle; Carré, Claire; Pagano, Marc; Debroas, Didier; Roques, Cécile; Leboulanger, Christophe.
Planktonic communities from Juan de Nova lagoon were submitted to a single exposure of diuron or naphthalene in triplicate outdoor 40-L mesocosms for 5 days. The study followed the temporal changes of the assemblages by determining abundances and taxonomic level of microbial (heterotrophic prokaryotes, picocyanobacteria, heterotrophic protists and phytoplankton) and metazooplankton communities. Exposure to both contaminants did not result in significant changes in phytoplankton abundances. Microscopic identification demonstrated the dominance of Bacillariophyta (mostly Chaetoceros tenuissimus) accounting for more than 95% of the microalgae detected in all mesocosms. Using 18S rRNA metabarcoding, temporal changes in the proportion of eukaryotic operational...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Contaminant; Taxonomy; Metabarcoding; Plankton; Experiments; Lagoon.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00681/79348/81853.pdf

Inverse identification of the bending stiffness of a braided polyethylene twine subject to large deformation: application to the identification of the mesh opening rigidity of fishing nets.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Morvan, Barthelemy; Bles, G; Dumergue, Nicolas; Priour, Daniel.
The evaluation of the mesh opening stiffness of fishing nets is an important issue in assessing the selectivity of trawls. It appeared that a larger bending rigidity of twines decreases the mesh opening and could reduce the escapement of fish. Nevertheless, netting structure is complex. A netting is made up of braided twines made of polyethylene or polyamide. These twines are tied with non-symmetrical knots. Thus, these assemblies develop contact-friction interactions. Moreover, the netting can be subject to large deformation. In this study, we investigate the responses of netting samples to different types of solicitations. Samples are loaded and unloaded with creep and relaxation stages, with different boundary conditions. Then, two models have been...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Numerical model; Experiments; Braided twine; Mesh opening rigidity; Large deformation.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00348/45899/45581.pdf

Numerical modelling of mixed-sediment consolidation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Grasso, Florent; Le Hir, Pierre; Bassoullet, Philippe.
Sediment transport modelling in estuarine environments, characterised by cohesive and non-cohesive sediment mixtures, has to consider a time variation of erodibility due to consolidation. Generally, validated by settling column experiments, mud consolidation is now fairly well simulated; however, numerical models still have difficulty to simulate accurately the sedimentation and consolidation of mixed sediments for a wide range of initial conditions. This is partly due to the difficulty to formulate the contribution of sand in the hindered settling regime when segregation does not clearly occur. Based on extensive settling experiments with mud-sand mixtures, the objective of this study was to improve the numerical modelling of mixed-sediment consolidation...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mud-sand mixtures; Hindered settling; Consolidation; Experiments; Numerical modelling; Segregation.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36539/35168.pdf

Classroom games of renewable fishery resource : Experimental results at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 齋藤, 陽子; 渡邉, 大樹; 河田, 幸視.
学生が被験者として実際に行動する教室実験は，経済学への関心を高めることが期待され実験経済学の分野でもその教育的効果が認識されてきた。小稿では，本学２年生を対象に行った共有資源管理に関する教室実験の結果に基づき，授業で実験を行うことの有効性を議論する。実験は資源管理が不可欠とされる漁業資源を対象に，共同管理の難しさ，現実へ当てはめた場合の問題点を理解することを目的とした。具体的な実験方法としては，いくつかの管理方法（シナリオ）を設定し，学生に魚（あめ玉）の収穫を行ってもらった。ひとつのシナリオを終了する毎に解説・議論することで，参加意欲が高まり，実験の意味や資源管理の難しさを身近に理解することができた。今後は，実験後に被験者への詳細な聞き取りを行うなど，共同管理に失敗する心理的要因を探ることが課題となる。
Palavras-chave: 再生可能資源; 教室実験; 共同管理; 漁業資源; Renewable resource; Classroom games; Experiments; Co-management; Fishery resource.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/2652

How can we evaluate conservation auctions? Three Possible methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven.
By design, tenders are used when costs are unknown. But if costs are unknown, how can we evaluate the tenders, when their evaluation involves measuring their cost-effectiveness? We identify three approaches: theoretical, empirical and experimental. We first use experimental data to compare the efficiency of each approach, then apply the most efficient one to field data from the Scottish fishing vessel decommissioning program. We estimate the potential errors one would make in using a less efficient approach. In this case, we demonstrate a novel use of controlled lab experiments for interpreting field data and evaluating policy effectiveness.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Conservation; Experiments; Evaluation; Measurement; Market-based policy instruments; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124442

Experimental Economics and the Environment: Eliciting Values for Controversial Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shogren,   Jason F.; Parkhurst,   Gregory M.; Hudson,   Darren.
We illustrate the experimental method by examining bidding behavior for controversial goods, i.e., goods in which bidders have positive and negative values. Our results suggest that bidding behavior differs across auction type. Bidders with positive induced values bid sincerely in a WTP auction. Bidders bid conservatively, however, in the WTA auction, foregoing profitable opportunities. Informing bidders of their optimal strategy serves to attenuate bidding discrepancies but does not eliminate them. Treating the WTP and WTA auctions as equivalent given positive and negative values could lead one to overstate the costs relative to the benefits of the controversial good.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experiments; Willingness to pay; Willingness to accept; Positive and negative induced values; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90824

In-Store Evaluation of Consumer Willingness to Pay for “Farm-Raised” Pre-Cooked Roast Beef: A Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Hudson,   Darren; Rogers,   Robert W.; Martin,   James M.; Herring,   Joshua L.
A choice-based conjoint experiment was used to examine consumer willingness to pay for a farm-raised pre-cooked roast beef product. Consumers were contacted in a grocery store and provided a sample of the pre-cooked product. Findings indicate there is a small, but statistically significant willingness-to-pay premium for the farm-raised product, suggesting that some product differentiation may result in higher prices for these products. The study outlines an approach to marketing research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef; Conjoint; Convenience foods; Experiments; In-store tests; Surveys; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59587

The Endogenous Formation of Coalitions to Provide Public Goods: Theory and Experimental Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEvoy,   David M.; Cherry,   Todd L.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper examines the endogenous formation of coalitions that provide public goods in which players implement a minimum participation requirement before deciding whether to join. We demonstrate theoretically that payoff-maximizing players will vote to implement efficient participation requirements and these coalitions will form. However, we also demonstrate that if some players are averse to inequality they can cause inefficient outcomes. Inequality-averse players can limit free riding by implementing larger than efficient coalitions or by blocking efficient coalitions from forming. We test the theory with experimental methods and observe individual behavior and coalition formation consistent with a model of inequality-averse players.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Coalition formation; Inequality aversion; Participation requirement; Experiments; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C92; H41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102265

Market Power in Tradable Emission Markets: A Laboratory Testbed for Emission Trading in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cason,   Timothy N.; Gangadharan,   Lata; Duke,   Charlotte.
In theory, competitive emission permit markets minimise total abatement cost for any emission ceiling. Permit markets are often imperfectly competitive, however, if they are thin and dominated by large firms. The dominant firm(s) could exercise market power and increase other firms’ costs of pollution control, while reducing their own emission control costs. This paper reports a testbed laboratory experiment to examine whether a dominant firm can exercise market power in a permit market organised using the double auction trading institution. Our parameters approximate the abatement costs of sources in a proposed tradable emissions market for the reduction of nitrogen in the Port Phillip Watershed in Victoria, Australia. We vary across treatments the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market Power; Emission Permits; Experiments; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; C91; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57841

NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK AVERSION: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van den Berg,   Marrit; Fort,   Ricardo; Burger,   Kees.
We use experimental and survey data from two natural-hazard prone countries in Latin America to test the hypothesis that natural hazards affect risk aversion. We use two methods to measure risk aversion: simple questions on the willingness to pay for a hypothetical lottery and more complicated experiments involving real pay-offs. We find that whereas the experiments provide reasonable estimates of risk aversion, the hypothetical questions result in unrealistic distributions of preferences. The experimental results strongly support the hypothesis that experiencing natural shocks makes people more risk averse, not only in the short run but also in the medium and long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Nicaragua; Peru; Risk aversion; Natural hazards; Experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51394

DEVELOPING A DEMAND REVEALING MARKET CRITERION FOR CONTINGENT VALUATION VALIDITY TESTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rondeau,   Daniel; Poe,   Gregory L.; Schulze,   William D.
Past research suggests that contingent valuation overstates demand for public goods. These estimates of hypothetical bias are probably invalid since they rely on voluntary contributions mechanisms which fail to reveal demand. An improved mechanism is shown to reveal aggregate demand in controlled experiments. However, individual contributions deviate from induced value.  Key Words: contingent valuation, voluntary contributions, provision point, experiments JEL Codes: H41, C92, Q20
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Voluntary contributions; Provision point; Experiments; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; H41; C92; Q20.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6856

Exogenous Targeting Instruments under Differing Information Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spraggon,   John M.
This paper tests the ability of an exogenous targeting instrument to induce compliance when the principal cannot observe the actions of individual agents. A number of papers show that although these instruments are able to induce groups to the target outcome, they are not able to induce individuals to make socially optimal decisions in a number of different controlled laboratory experiments. This study investigates whether the information individuals have about others’ payoffs affects how they make their decisions in this environment. Ledyard (1995) suggests that when subjects have less information in public goods experiments they are more likely to choose the Nash equilibrium decision. However, as he points out, this effect differs between groups with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Moral Hazard in Groups; Exogenous Targeting Instruments; Experiments; Information; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C72; C92; D70.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7383

Hey Look at Me: The Effect of Giving Circles on Giving
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.; McConnell,   Margaret.
Theories abound for why individuals give to charity. We conduct a field experiment with donors to a Yale University service club to test the impact of a promise of public recognition on giving. Some may claim that they respond to an offer of public recognition not to improve their social standing, but rather to motivate others to give. To tease apart these two theories, we conduct a laboratory experiment with undergraduates, and found no evidence to support the alternative, altruistic motivation. We conclude that charitable gifts increase in response to the promise of public recognition primarily because of individuals' desire to improve their social image.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Prosocial behavior; Experiments; Voluntary contributions; Financial Economics; Public Economics; D64; C90; L30.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121670

Unlocking water markets: an experimental approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Joseph H.; Rabotyagov,   Sergey S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water market; Experiments; Resource economies; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103940

(Anti-) Coordination in Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kovarik,   Jaromir; Mengel,   Friederike; Romero,   Jose Gabriel.
We study (anti-) coordination problems in networks in a laboratory experiment. Partici- pants interact with their neighbours in a fixed network to play a bilateral (anti-) coordination game. Our main treatment variable is the extent to which players are heterogeneous in the number of connections (neighbors) they have. Other network characteristics are held constant across treatments. We find the following results. Heterogeneity in the number of connections dramatically improves the rate of successful coordination. In addition, even though there is a multiplicity of Nash equilibria theoretically, a very sharp selection is observed empirically: the most connected player can impose her preferred Nash equilibrium almost always and observed Nash equilibria are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Game Theory; Networks; Coordination Problems; Experiments; Risk and Uncertainty; C72; C90; C91; D85.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61370

IS CHEAP TALK EFFECTIVE AT ELIMINATING HYPOTHETICAL BIAS IN A PROVISION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stevens,   Thomas H.; Weatherhead,   Darryl.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/06/04.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Experiments; Hypothetical bias; Voluntary; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C9; Q26; H41.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14510

OBESITY AND HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Pofahl,   Geoffrey M.
Behavioral economists maintain that addictions such as alcoholism, smoking and over-eating represent examples of present-bias in decision making that is fundamentally irrational. In this article, we develop a model of present bias and apparently hyperbolic discounting that is fully consistent with rational behavior. We construct an experiment to test our hypothesis and to determine whether discount rates differ for individuals who engage in behaviors that could endanger their health. Our results show that discount functions are quasi-hyperbolic in shape, and that obesity and drinking are positively related to the discount rate. Anti-obesity policy, therefore, would be best directed to informing individuals as to the long-term implications of short-term...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Addiction; Discounting; Experiments; Hyperbolic; Obesity; Time-inconsistency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C91; D12; D91; I18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116410

Implementing the Efficient Auction: Initial Results from the Lab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margolis,   Michael; Shogren,   Jason F.
The efficient auction is designed to induce truthful bidding for bidders with affiliated values. Herein we implement the auction in the lab, and observe that inexperienced people can bid systematically in this more complex environment, albeit yielding a flatter bid function than the truthful one.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auction; Affiliation; Experiments; Valuation; Financial Economics; C9; D44.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10733

VOLUNTARY REVELATION OF THE DEMAND FOR PUBLIC GOODS USING A PROVISION POINT MECHANISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rondeau,   Daniel; Schulze,   William D.; Poe,   Gregory L.
Revised July 1998
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Voluntary contributions; Provision point; Experiments; Information; Group size; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; C92.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7265

Bargaining Power in Relational Contracts: An Experimental Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cordero Salas,   Paula.
This paper provides experimental evidence of the economic impact from shifting bargaining power in relational contracts. I implement an experimental design that adjusts the bargaining power of sellers (agents) and the enforceability of the contract. I find that the vast majority of contracts take the form of efficiency wage contracts instead of contingent performance contracts when enforcement is partially incomplete and sellers have more bargaining power than buyers. The total contracted and actual compensation increase with the bargaining power of the sellers. However, sellers' profits are found to increase only if a part of the total payment is third-party enforceable. In this case, observed surplus and efficiency are lower than predictions. When no...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Incomplete enforcement; Bargaining; Experiments; Distribution; Institutions; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; D86; K12; L14; O12; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103579

Growing more rice with less water:  Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems – Progress of research, 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Research projects; Experiments; Rice; Fertilizers; Farmer participation; Irrigation programs; Water balance; Flow measurement; Remote sensing; Cropping systems; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92660

Ambient-Based Policy Instruments: The Role of Recommendations and Presentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spraggon,   John M.; Oxoby,   Robert J.
We explore the effects of recommended play and the presentation of payoff information on behavior in an ambient-based policy instrument experiment. Specifically, we test the effects of recommended play (via a description of marginal decision making) and a payoff table on the behavior of individuals facing an ambient-based policy instrument. We find that recommended play and the presentation of a payoff table increases the use of the socially optimal strategy, thereby increasing efficiency. These results suggest that providing decision makers with a richer description of the decision making environment significantly reduces decision error, significantly improving the efficiency of ambient-based policy instruments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ambient pollution instruments; Recommended play; Experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90832

Dynamic Field Experiments in Development Economics: Risk Valuation in Morocco, Kenya, and Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Galarza,   Francisco B.; McPeak,   John G.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Boucher,   Stephen R.; Carter,   Michael R.; Chantarat,   Sommarat; Fadlaoui,   Aziz; Mude,   Andrew G.
The effective design and implementation of interventions that reduce vulnerability and poverty require a solid understanding of underlying poverty dynamics and associated behavioral responses. Stochastic and dynamic benefit streams can make it difficult for the poor to learn the value of such interventions to them. We explore how dynamic field experiments can help (i) intended beneficiaries to learn and understand these complicated benefit streams, and (ii) researchers to better understand how the poor respond to risk when faced with nonlinear welfare dynamics. We discuss and analyze dynamic risk valuation experiments in Morocco, Peru, and Kenya.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Risk and uncertainty; Dynamics; Experiments; Kenya; Morocco; Peru; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90791

Problem Solving and Hypothesis Testing Using Economic Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren.
The roots and uses of economic experiments in problem solving and hypothesis testing are explored in the present article.  The literature suggests that the primary advantage of economics experiments is the ability to use controlled stimuli to test economic hypotheses.  Other literature also suggests that experiments are useful in problem solving settings.  The advantages and disadvantages of experiments are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experiments; Problem solving; Hypothesis testing; C81; C91; C92; C93.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43209

HOW LARGE ARE NON-BUDGET-CONSTRAINT EFFECTS OF PRICES ON DEMAND?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heffetz,   Ori; Shayo,   Moses.
Elementary consumer theory assumes that prices affect demand only because they affect the budget constraint (BC). By contrast, several models suggest that prices can affect demand through other channels (e.g. because they signal quality). This alternative conjecture is consistent with evidence from marketing studies. However, neither theory nor evidence is informative regarding the magnitude of non-BC effects. The key econometric challenge arises from the fact that a change in prices typically also changes the BC. This paper uses a lab and a field experiment to disentangle BC from non-BC effects of prices on demand. In our lab experiment we find that, consistent with marketing evidence, prices positively affect stated willingness to pay. However, when...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer behavior; Demand; Price; Quality signals; Experiments; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; D01; D12; D8; M31.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53882

Obesity and Hyperbolic Discounting: An Experimental Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Pofahl,   Geoffrey M.
Behavioral economists maintain that addictions such as alcoholism, smoking and over-eating represent examples of present-bias in decision making that is fundamentally irrational.  In this article, we develop a model of present bias and apparently hyperbolic discounting that is fully consistent with rational behavior.  We construct an experiment to test our hypothesis and to determine whether discount rates differ for individuals who engage in behaviors that could endanger their health.  Our results show that discount functions are quasi-hyperbolic in shape, and that obesity and drinking are positively related to the discount rate.  Anti-obesity policy, therefore, would be best directed to informing individuals as to the long-term implications of short-term...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Addiction; Discounting; Experiments; Hyperbolic; Obesity; Time-inconsistency.; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C91; D12; D91; I18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61186

Morpho-physiological responses of a subtropical strain of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) to different light intensities
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Wojciechowski,Juliana; Fernandes,Luciano Felício; Fonseca,Fernanda Vitória Buck.
ABSTRACT The toxigenic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii previously restricted to tropical latitudes, has been increasingly reported in temperate lakes in recent decades. The causes of its biogeographical expansion are under investigation, but efficient physiological adaptation to changes in temperature and light regimes are likely to be involved. The present study evaluated the morpho-physiological responses of a strain of C. raciborskii from southern Brazil to nine light intensities, from 9 to 250 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Blooms of this cyanobacterium are regularly recorded in the region. Morpho-physiological responses were measured based on growth rate and trichome length. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii showed slow growth at low light...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cylindrospermopsis; Cyanobacteria blooms; Experiments; Light intensities; Morpho-physiological responses; Southern Brazil; Subtropical.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062016000200232

Design and test of a pneumatic precision metering device for wheat
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Satti Hassan Yasir; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China; QingXi Liao; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China; Jiajia Yu; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China; Dali He; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China.
The objective of this study was to apply the precision metering on wheat seeding to overcome seed damage, seed loss and non-uniform distribution.  Accordingly, a prototype of the pneumatic precision metering device for wheat was developed.  The performance of the device, including quality of feed index (QFI), multiple index (MULI), miss index (MISI) and seed rate expressed in number of kernels per meter length (KPM), was investigated under laboratory conditions in Wuhan using a test stand with camera system.  The results revealed that the rotating speed (RS) and negative pressure (NP) and their interactions had a significant effect on these variables.  The maximum QFI (92.98%) was obtained at rotating speed of 19.0 rpm and negative pressures of 2.5 kPa...
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Experiments; Performance indices; Pneumatic precision metering device.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2073