Consulta: subjectFacets:"F14"
Registros recuperados: 222
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 07:35:28

Price Linkage between International Price of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Cooking Oil Price in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rifin,   Amzul.
Cooking oil in Indonesia is considered to be one of the staple food of Indonesian people. In the beginning of 2008, the price of cooking oil in Indonesia has increased significantly. One of the reasons is the increase of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price in the international market. The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of international price of CPO on the domestic price of CPO and cooking oil. Three specific objectives are included (1) To test whether international price of CPO and domestic price of CPO and cooking oil are related through cointegration tests, (2) To test the causal relationships between international price of CPO and domestic price of CPO and cooking oil and (3) To analyze how domestic price of CPO and cooking oil food...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crude palm oil; Vector autoregression (VAR); Granger response; Impulse response; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50828

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan; Nivievskyi,   Oleg; von der Malsburg,   Emanuel Elsner; Movchan,   Veronika.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48512

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Jayatilleke S.; Jayasuriya,   Sisira.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48480

Determinants of Argentina’s External Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catao,   Luis; Falcetti,   Elisabetta.
Following the liberalization reforms of the late 80s and early 90s, several emerging market economies have experienced large and persistent trade deficits. This paper focuses on the Argentine experience, examining the extent to which trade imbalances in the 1990s resulted from income and relative price movements, as well as from shifts in foreign trade elasticities associated with structural changes. New estimates of export and import equations are presented using a broader set of variables than previous studies and distinguishing between intra and extra MERCOSUR trade. We find that considerable export sensitivity to world commodity prices, domestic absorption, and economic activity in Brazil, combined with a high income elasticity of imports, are key...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Foreign trade elasticities; International competitiveness; MERCOSUR; International Relations/Trade; F11; F14; F31.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44427

Relationship between Trade Liberalisation, Growth and Balance of Payments in Developing Countries: An Econometric Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parikh,   Ashok.
The objectives of this paper are to study the impact of liberalisation on trade deficits and current accounts of developing countries. It is expected that trade liberalisation would promote economic growth from the supply side by leading to a more efficient use of resources, by encouraging competition, and by increasing the flow of ideas and knowledge across national boundaries. Trade liberalisation could lead to faster import growth than export growth and hence the supply side benefits may be offset by the unsustainable balance of payments position. This study uses panel data of 42 countries (both time-series and cross-section dimension) to estimate the effect of trade liberalisation and growth on trade balance while controlling for other factors such as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Panel data; Income Terms of Trade; Dynamic Optimisation; Dynamic panel model; International Relations/Trade; C21; C22; C23; F13; F14; F32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26212

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew; Roe,   Terry L.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This paper focuses on estimating the effects of trade partner income and real trade-weighted exchange rates on US agricultural exports. For the period 1970-2003, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 1.6 percent while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0.8 percent. We find these effects also carry over to 12 commodity subcategories, although the effects are conditioned by differences between bulk and high value commodities, and differences in the export demand from high compared to low income countries. We also find that the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation on exports...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; U.S. agricultural trade; U.S. agricultural commodity exports; U.S. agricultural export prices; Foreign income; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6686

Market Access Asymmetry in Food Trade among Quad Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
This paper uses a gravity-like structure derived from a monopolistic competition model to measure market access among Canada, USA, Japan and EU – Quad countries – over the 1996-2001 period. We explore the overall asymmetry and 18 food industrial-level asymmetries of bilateral trade openness. Using actual bilateral estimates of tariffs and nontariff barriers, we investigate their role in explaining the trade reduction effect of national borders. A representative estimate of market access shows that higher asymmetries exist in USA, Canada and EU trade with Japan. Quite surprisingly, the last country is always more open than the reverse. Finally, we found that tariffs and NTBs explain a significant part of the border effects and that the NTB role is often...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market access; Food trade; Asymmetry; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24596

Trade Types in Slovenian Primary and Processed Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Majkovic,   Darja; Turk,   Jernej.
The significance of the processed food products in agricultural and food trade is increasing in Slovenia as well as in the other developed countries. The large share of agricultural and food trade is inter-industry trade. The significance of intra-industry trade (IIT) is increasing with the degree of processing. In particular, IIT is based on products differentiated in quality where low quality vertical IIT prevails. This kind of trade specialization and trade patterns, together with trade geography, imply some similarities in these trade developments with developing countries and countries with less competitive food processing rather than with more advanced European Union countries with the competitive food processing sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade types; Trade quality; Intra-industry trade; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; F15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24477

Trade and Investment Effects of Forced Labour: An Empirical Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Braun,   Sebastian.
This paper explores the international economic effects of forced labour, namely the linkages of forced labour with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses several forms and the prevalence of forced labour and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results show that forced labour may enhance the endowment of unskilled labour. It can thus be expected to improve comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of forced labour is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with forced labour. This result even holds for relatively poor developing countries.  ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In dem vorliegenden Beitrag...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forced Labour; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Cross-Country Regression Framework; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F14; F23; O19.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26231

Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm Level Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domestic market only. This paper surveys the empirical strategies applied, and the results produced, in 45 microeconometric studies with data from 33 countries that were published between 1995 and 2004. Details aside, exporters are found to be more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self select into export markets, while exporting does not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Literature survey; Micro data; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis; F14; D21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26308

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique.
This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage Model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and a poverty elasticities approach. It addresses two questions: To what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52785

Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor – rural and urban – have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also would decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52788

Global Demand for U.S. Environmental Goods and Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Avery,   Brock; Boadu,   Frederick O.
This paper reports import demand elasticities for environmental goods and services (EGS) for the world in aggregate and for six world regions. The paper involves a pooled cross-section and time-series estimation procedure and makes per capita demand for EGS a function of economic, political, and structural factors. The results show that per capita incomes, exchange rates, political and economic freedoms, and debt affect the demand for EGS. The results also show that demand for EGS is tied to the particular environmental problem facing a particular region. Exporters of EGS need to disaggregate world markets to better target products.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Environmental goods; International trade; F18; F14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42895

Imposing WTO disciplines on domestic support: an assessment of the Doha Round Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David.
The elements of the approach to disciplining domestic support for agriculture in the Doha round of WTO negotiations are evaluated using data for a selection of OECD countries. Despite a substantial increase in complexity in comparison to the Uruguay Round Agreement, the new approach is unlikely to require real reductions in trade-distorting support. As a result it is unlikely to stimulate further reforms in domestic agricultural policies in OECD countries.   RESUMEN: En este artículo se evalúan los instrumentos del enfoque utilizado en la Ronda de Doha de la Organización Mundial de Comercio para establecer disciplinas  en relación con la ayuda interna a la agricultura. El análisis se lleva  a cabo para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. A pesar de la mayor...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Agriculture; Domestic support; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28766

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factor content; Heckscher-Ohlin; Factor abundance; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44458

Distortions to Global Agricultural Markets: What Next?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
A decline in governmental distortions to agricultural and other trade since the 1980s has contributed to economic growth and poverty alleviation globally. But new modeling results suggest that has taken the world only three-fifths of the way towards freeing merchandise trade, and that farm policies are responsible for 70 percent of the global welfare cost of remaining distortions to goods markets as of 2004. Meanwhile, new drivers are affecting the mean and variance of world prices of farm products, including biofuel mandates and subsidies, climate change mitigation policies and adaptation, water institution and policy developments, difficulties in concluding a multilateral Doha Round agricultural agreement at the WTO, and policies relating to transgenic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; Asia-Pacific region; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59849

Is There a Link between the Changing Skills of Labor Used in U.S. Processed Food Trade and Rural Employment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schluter,   Gerald E.; Lee,   Chinkook.
Between the 1970s and the 1990s, processed food exports switched from using more skilled labor per unit of output than imports to the opposite.  Processed food trade also expanded during this period.  More meat and poultry products in processed food trade could explain this switch in skill intensity.  Growing meat trade paralleled an urban-to-rural shift in meat processing.  Although this could have been a win-win situation for rural areas, many of the jobs related to expanded meat trade benefited commuter and migrant workers because late-1990s jobs slaughtering livestock and processing meat did not appeal to domestic rural workers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consolidation in the meat industry; Factor content of trade; Input-output analysis; International meat trade; Processed food trade; Rural development; Rural labor demand; Skill intensity; C67; D24; F14; F16; J61; L66; O18; Q17; R15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43465

Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: Introduction and Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50306

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Australia and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Lattimore,   Ralph G.; Lloyd,   Peter J.; MacLaren,   Donald.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48387

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Faki,   Hamid; Taha,   Abdelmoneim.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48520

Innovation, Productivity Growth, and the Survival of the U.S. Copper Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tilton,   John E.; Landsberg,   Hans H.
Mining is widely viewed as an old industry with mature and stable technologies. Companies and countries with the best deposits are the most productive and efficient producers. As these deposits are depleted, mining shifts to countries with the next best deposits. This tendency to exploit poorer quality ores tends to push productivity down and the prices of mineral commodities up over time. Copper mining in the United States, however, calls into question this conventional view. After leading the world in output for decades, the U.S. industry lost its ability to compete and suffered a major decline during the 1970s and early 1980s. In the face of predictions of complete collapse, it staged a remarkable revival, and today mines more copper than in 1970. A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Copper industry; Productivity; Technological change; Comparative advantage; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q30; L72; O31; F14.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10534

India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.
I evaluate India's transition from an inward-oriented development strategy to greater participation in the world economy. While tariff rates have decreased significantly over the past decade, India is still one of the more autarkic countries. Despite improvement over the past in export performance, India continues to lag behind its South- and East Asian neighbors. Second, official debt flows have been largely replaced by foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment in the 1990s. India's ability to attract FDI would be greatly enhanced by further reforms. I argue that India's participation in a future round of multilateral trade negotiations would benefit India. I outline the further reforms most needed: reform of labour and bankruptcy laws,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: India; Antidumping; Developing countries; Economic reform; Export performance; Foreign direct investment; Intellectual property rights; Multilateral trade negotiations; Quantitative restrictions; Real exchange rate; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; F15; F21; F35; H54; K31; O34; O38; O53; P11.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28428

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Dominican Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Jesus de los; Pena,   Pedro Pablo.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48393

THE PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH TO IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL AND THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Washington,   Andrew A.; Kilmer,   Richard L.
Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model.  In comparing the consumer demand price/corss-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Demand; Imports; International; Production; Rotterdam; Trade; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; D24; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15070

HOW COMPETITIVE IS THE WORLD WHEAT MARKET?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; MacLaren,   Donald; Yilmaz,   Alper.
Japan is one of the largest importers of wheat in the world, with imports originating from three countries, Australia, Canada, and the United States.  Australia, Canada, and Japan all use a government single-desk agency to control wheat trade.  Many previous studies on competition in the world grain trade have argued the market is imperfectly competitive, and they often point to the Japanese market. We study the Japanese wheat import market for this reason, but find no compelling evidence of imperfect competition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat trade; Competition; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; L10; Q17.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11973

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN AGRO-FOOD TRADE OF HUNGARY, CROATIA AND SLOVENIA WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
This paper investigates comparative trade advantages in agro-food trade. We analyze comparative advantages of Hungarian, Croatian and Slovenian agro-food trade in the European Union (EU) markets. Both the levels and pattern of the revealed comparative advantage measure are investigated. The empirical research seeks to explain how revealed comparative advantages have developed across countries, main product groups and over time and what are likely their implications for multifunctional rural development in the enlarged EU. We employ a disaggregated trade dataset to identify the revealed comparative advantages to provide broader policy implications. The empirical results confirmed bulk of agro-food and forestry products with revealed comparative advantages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Croatia; Hungary; Slovenia.; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90870

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Salam,   Abdul.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48482

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Hartmann,   Monika.
One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Industrial Organization; F14; F15; P52; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14940

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirsten,   Johann F.; Edwards,   Lawrence; Vink,   Nick.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48514

The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to China's Export Performance: Evidence from Disaggregated Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gu,   Weishi; Awokuse,   Titus O.; Yuan,   Yan.
There has been a long debate in the theoretical and empirical economic circles on how host country's exports respond to inward foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper examines whether FDI stimulates export performance of the recipient countries using the case of China. It contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship of FDI and export performance using disaggregated manufacturing sectors from 1995 to 2005. The empirical results suggest that FDI flows into China have statistically significant and positive effects on its exports and it exhibits differences across sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Export performance; Foreign direct investment; China; Panel data; International Relations/Trade; F21; F14; C33.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6453

EU Trade Preferences for Moroccan Tomato Exports--Who Benefits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemnitz,   Christine; Grethe,   Harald.
The EU applies a complex system of preferences for tomato imports from Morocco. Quantities are fixed and serve as entry price quotas and tariff rate quotas at the same time. This paper provides empirical evidence of i) the existence of an economic rent under the EU preferential scheme for tomato imports from Morocco of about €24-36.5 mill. per year, and ii) the distribution of that rent. Due to the structure of the Moroccan export sector as well as the EU method of allocating import licenses, it is likely that a large part of the quota rent ends up at the Moroccan side and that a dissipation of the rent in physical rent-seeking activities is limited.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Morocco; Tomatoes; Trade preferences; Euro-Mediterranean Agreement; Tariff rate quota; Quota rent; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24686

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Central and Eastern Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48385

The logic of the CAP: Politics or Economics?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Christian H.C.A.; Struve,   Carsten; Brockmeier,   Martina.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48639

Why Governments Tax or Subsidize Trade: Evidence from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gawande,   Kishore; Hoekman,   Bernard.
This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. We use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports. We find that both economic and political variables play important roles in determining the within-variation in the NRA data. Based on our results we offer a number of data-driven exploratory hypotheses that can inform future theoretical and empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy of trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50300

FOREIGN TRADE AND TRANSITION PROCESS IN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR OF UKRAINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levkovych,   Inna; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
In this study we try to assess the progress of the transformation process in Ukrainian agri-food sector. The development of foreign trade may serve as indicator of success of market reforms. Thus we analyse the changes in the trade structure of agri-food sector during 1996-2005. Also we compute indicators of inter- (RTA Index) and intra-industrial (Grubel-Lloyd Index, Brülhart A-Index) trade for this period. These indicators provide information about competitiveness of Ukrainian products, type and development of trade flows. We discuss also which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration of Ukraine into world markets
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-food sector; Foreign trade; Intra-industry trade; Competitiveness; Grubel-Lloyd-Index; Ukraine; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Außenhandel; Intra-industrieller Handel; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Grubel-Lloyd-Index; Ukraine; Агропродовольственный сектор; Международная торговля; Внутри- отраслевая торговля; Конкурентноспособность; Индекс Грубель-Ллойда; Украина; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91956

Implications of EU Enlargement for the New Member States' Agri-food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartosova,   Dasa; Bartova,   Lubica; Fidrmuc,   Jarko.
We estimated dynamic panel models for the agri-food trade of six new Member States (the Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) with selected countries and trade groupings between 1996 and 2005. In general, we found low income elasticities and high price elasticities of import demand for agricultural commodities. The lagged values for trade are highly significant. We also show that accession to the EU increased the new Member States' exports, but had less impact on their imports. The new Member States have gained significantly from liberalised access to the EU agri-food markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-food trade; EU enlargement; Dynamic panel data models; Labor and Human Capital; C23; F15; F14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7320

Trade Complexity and Productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Altomonte,   Carlo; Bekes,   Gabor.
We exploit a panel dataset of Hungarian firms merged with product-level trade data for the period 1992-2003 to investigate the relation between firms' trading activities (importing, exporting or both) and productivity. We find important self-selection effects of the most productive firms induced by the existence of heterogeneous sunk costs of trade, for both importers and exporters. We relate these sunk costs of trade to the relationship-specific nature of the trade activities, entailing a certain degree of technological and organizational complexity. We also show that, to the extent that imports and exports are correlated within firms, failing to control for the importing activity leads to overstated average productivity premia of exporters.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade Openness; Firms' Heterogeneity; Productivity; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; L25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54170

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guterman,   Lia.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48392

Prospective Trends in Wine Export Markets – Expert Views from Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bardaji,   Isabel; Mili,   Samir.
As in other European producing countries, the wine industry in Spain faces growing competition from New World producers. International competitiveness of Spanish and European wines has been affected by increasing supply, declining public support, saturated domestic demand and increasingly quality-driven markets. Resolving the derived wine competitiveness crisis would require production rationalisation and adaptation to changing commercial and demand requirements, through new productive processes and strategies for further opening of foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to explore main current and future trends affecting the global wine market and their consequences from the Spanish perspective. After identifying the world wine market’s main...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wine markets; Export prospects; Spain; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51084

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrissey,   Oliver; Leyaro,   Vincent.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48550

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN EUROPE’S TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48555

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Masters,   William A.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48554

Third-Country Effects on the Market Shares of U.S. Wheat in Asian Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Hyun Joung; Cho,   Guedae; Koo,   Won W.
An import demand model, augmented with third-country effect variables, is developed to examine the effects of strong U.S. dollar, volatility of the U.S. dollar, and competition among the exporting countries on the shares of U.S. wheat in Asian markets.  In the empirical model, the dependent variable is the market shares of U.S. wheat.  Explanatory variables include wheat prices of exporting countries, exchange rates between the importing and exporting countries, and volatilities of the exchange rates.  Panel estimation results show that the U.S. currency values and volatility, Australian wheat price, and the volatilities of Canadian and Australian currency values have significant effects on U.S. market shares.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; International grain trade; Market share; Panel analysis; Panel unit-root test; Third country effect; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43478

Explaining Agricultural Distortion Patterns : The Roles of Ideology, Inequality, Lobbying and Public Finance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutt,   Pushan; Mitra,   Devashish.
In this paper, we examine the political economy drivers of the variation in agricultural protection, both across countries and within countries over time. The paper starts by listing the key insights provided by both the theoretical and empirical literature on the political economy of trade policy formulation. We then set out a basic framework that allows us to put forth various testable hypotheses on the variation and evolution of agricultural protection. We find that both the political ideology of the government and the degree of income inequality are important determinants of agricultural protection. Thus, both the political-support-function approach as well as the median-voter approach can be used in explaining the variation in agricultural protection...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural protection; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50299

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Japan, Korea and Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Honma,   Masayoshi; Hayami,   Yujiro.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48510

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cassing,   James; Nassar,   Saad; Siam,   Gamal; Moussa,   Hoda.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48511

Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Poverty and Inequality in Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cicowiez,   Martin; Diaz-Bonilla,   Carolina; Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio.
Using the most recent estimates of agricultural price distortions, this chapter studies the economic, poverty, and income inequality impacts of both global and domestic trade reform in Argentina, with a special focus on export taxes. Argentina offers an interesting case study as the only large agricultural exporter that has, at many points in its history, applied export taxes to several of its agricultural products. The chapter combines results from a global economy-wide model (World Bank’s Linkage model), a national CGE model, and microsimulations. The results suggest that liberalization of world trade (including subsidies and import taxes, but not export taxes), both for agricultural and non-agricultural goods, reduces poverty and inequality in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52793

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rashid,   Shahidur; Assefa,   Meron; Ayele,   Gezahegn.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48519

Augmented Gravity Model: An Empirical Application to Mercosur-European Union Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez-Zarzoso,   Inmaculada; Nowak-Lehmann,   Felicitas.
This paper applies the gravity trade model to assess Mercosur-European Union trade, and trade potential following the agreements reached recently between both trade blocs. The model is tested for a sample of 20 countries, the four formal members of Mercosur plus Chile and the fifteen members of the European Union. A panel data analysis is used to disentangle the time invariant country-specific effects and to capture the relationships between the relevant variables over time. We find that the fixed effect model is to be preferred to the random effects gravity model. Furthermore, a number of variables, namely, infrastructure, income differences and exchange rates added to the standard gravity equation, are found to be important determinants of bilateral...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gravity equation; Panel data; Infrastructure; Integration; International Relations/Trade; F14; F15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43996

Market Integration with Transaction Costs in Developing  Country Staple Food Markets: the Case of the Malawi Maize market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zant,   Wouter.
We investigate measurement of market integration of staple food markets in developing countries. The analysis takes the Parity Bound Model as starting point and modifies this model by parameterizing and estimating transaction costs. The specification of transaction costs takes account of transport costs, fixed source costs, fixed destination costs, ad valorem taxes &amp; levies and seasonality an is implemented on the basis of a specific sub-sample of price differentials. Price differentials combined with predicted transaction costs enable the measurement of market integration for each location and each period. The proposed method is applied to the Malawi maize market with monthly data from June 1999 to October 2009 for 26 districts. This period covers two...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food markets; Transaction costs; Trade; Market integration; Parity Bound Model; Malawi; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95777

Exchange Rates Impacts on Agricultural Inputs Prices using VAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Shaik,   Saleem; Allen,   Albert J.
The effects of the U.S. dollar exchange rate versus the Mexican peso are evaluated for four traded nonfarm-produced inputs (fertilizer, chemicals, farm machinery, and feed) in the U.S. Unit root tests suggest that the exchange rate and the four input price ratios support the presence of unit roots with a trend model but the presence unit roots can be rejected in the first difference model. This result is consistent with a fixed price/flex price conceptual framework, with industrial prices more likely to be unresponsive to the exchange rate than farm commodity prices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; Pass-through; Law of one price; SUR; VAR; Agribusiness; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; F14; F31; F36; F42; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53096

Effects of Japanese Import Demand on U.S. Livestock Prices: Comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinnucan,   Henry W.
A recent study of Miljkovic, Marsh, and Brester estimates that reductions in the Japanese tariff-rate quota between 1993 and 2001 increased U.S. beef prices by $1.03 per cwt and yen depreciation between 1995 and 1998 reduced U.S. hog prices by $0.99 per cwt.  Relaxing the assumption that U.S. beef and hog supplies are fixed cuts the total elasticities underlying these estimates by 50% or more.  The upshot is that shocks in the Japanese market have little effect on U.S. beef and pork prices.  Hence, producers may be better off focusing on domestic issues such as dietary concerns over red meat consumption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Supply response; Tariffs; Q17; F14; C32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43432

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Jonathan; Croppenstedt,   Andre; Aggrey-Fynn,   Emmanuel.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48523

General equilibrium effects of price distortions on global markets, farm incomes and welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48630

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fane,   George; Warr,   Peter G.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48473

The Poverty Impacts of Global Commodity Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Keeney,   Roman.
This paper examines the poverty impacts of global merchandise trade reform by looking at a wide range of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Overall, we find that trade reform tends to reduce poverty primarily through the inclusion of agricultural components. The majority of our developing country sample experiences small poverty increases from non-agricultural reforms. We explore the relative poverty-friendliness of agricultural trade reforms in detail, examining the differential impacts on real after-tax factor returns of agricultural versus non-agricultural reforms. This analysis is extended to the distribution of households by looking at stratum-specific poverty changes. Our findings indicate that the more favorable impacts of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52786

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Russia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Liefert,   Olga.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48386

IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS: THE CASE OF NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
Major components of agricultural competitiveness, including definitions, factors, and indicators of competitiveness, are discussed,  The case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is used to illustrate how factors have influenced the competitive position of the NAFTA countries.  Traditional neoclassical trade theory is used to evaluate the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations and trade preferences on agricultural competitiveness.  Pre- and post-NAFTA market shares are evaluated for five agricultural commodities of importance to the southern United States.  The results of these evaluations are compared with theoretical expectations and discussed with special emphasis on implications for future trade negotiations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural competitiveness; Exchange rates; International trade; NAFTA; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15477

Agriculture's Terms of Trade: Issues and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colman,   David R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F14; N50; N60; N70; O13; P45; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53200

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF LATIN AMERICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Jara,   Esteban; Croser,   Johanna L.; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48525

INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF UKRAINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luka,   Oksana; Levkovych,   Inna.
The process of economic transformation in Ukraine is characterized by, among other things, a change in agricultural and food product trading patterns. Ukraine has remained a net exporter of agro-food products, but the total volume and worth, as well as the geographical structure of trade flows, has altered significantly, and further adjustments can be expected to take place in upcoming years. This paper examines Ukrainian agro-food trade, particularly focusing on different aspects of intra-industry trade (IIT), which is usually associated with low adjustment costs. To examine the development of IIT in agro-food products between Ukraine and its trading partners, two approaches are adopted. The Grubel-Lloyd Index is used to calculate the intensity of IIT and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Marginal intra-industry trade; Agro-food products; Ukraine; Q17; F14; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14923

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Western Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48571

The border effect in agricultural markets between European Union, OECD and LDC countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Border effect; Gravity equation; Agricultural trade; European Union; LDCs; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37817

Patterns and Determinants of Agro-Food Trade of the BRIC Countries: The Role of Institution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre; Fogarasi,   Jozsef.
Agro-food trade between the BRIC countries has increased. Brazil and China contributed to the rapid increase of agro-food trade. The Russian Federation experienced the stagnating and the most volatile agro-food trade over time. The composition of agro-food trade for the BRIC countries varies by the BEC agro-food trade categories and over time. The prevailing in the composition of agro-food trade are BEC122 and BEC111 for Brazil and the Russian Federation, and BEC122 and BEC112 for India and China. Brazil and India have strengthened their market shares in agro-food trade between the BRIC countries, while the Russian Federation has experienced the most severe deterioration. The number and the share of trading partners that have traded every year vary between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro-food trade; BRIC countries; Adapted gravity model; Institutions; Agribusiness; F14; Q17; C23; O57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115529

Methodology for Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Martin,   William J.; Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48326

Welfare Impacts of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Trade Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laborde,   David; Martin,   William J.; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique.
The variability of protection rates within sectors is frequently particularly high in agriculture relative to non-agriculture. Standard aggregation procedures ignore the variability within sectors, and underweight the importance of highly protected sectors. It therefore seems likely that they underestimate the potential benefits of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural reform. This study examines this question using a new procedure for aggregating trade distortions. It finds that the key impact of using better aggregators is to increase the benefits of both agricultural and non-agricultural reform. It finds that using optimal aggregation procedures increases the measured importance of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Nonagricultural trade; Trade distortions; Tariffs; Aggregation; World Trade Organization; WTO; Trade reform; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103958

Poverty Implications of Agricultural and Non-agricultural Price Distortions in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Orden,   David.
Using recent estimates of industry assistance rates, the effects of trade liberalization in the rest of the world and in Pakistan alone are analyzed using a global and a Pakistan CGE model under two tax replacement schemes: a direct income tax and an indirect tax replacement. The results indicate that the distributional and poverty effects in Pakistan of a unilateral liberalization of all traded goods are significantly greater than the effects of trade liberalization in the rest of the world. There is relatively higher increase in real income and larger decline in poverty incidence in poor households both in rural and urban areas. The effects of agricultural trade liberalization alone in both the rest of the world and in Pakistan are considerably smaller...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52789

Political Economy of Agricultural Trade Interventions in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bates,   Robert H.; Block,   Steven A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agriculture; Taxation; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50302

Global Distortions to Key Agricultural Commodity Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48576

Competiveness of Latin American Exports in the U.S. Banana Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Zahniser,   Steven.
U.S. banana demand differentiated by country of origin is estimated using the generalized dynamic Rotterdam model.  Results indicate that dynamic factors play a significant role in determining the allocation of U.S. banana expenditures across exporting sources.  Of particular interest is Guatemala’s increased share and Costa Rica’s decreased share of U.S. banana supply.  A number of factors explained why Guatemala replaced Costa Rica as the leading U.S. supplier in 2007.  (1) Guatemala is the least expensive source on average.  (2) Habit persistence, adjustment costs, and other dynamic factors favor Guatemala’s exports.  (3) Given increases in the relative price of Costa Rica’s bananas, the price competition between Costa Rica and Guatemala is highly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bananas; Imports; Demand; Latin America; United States; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q11; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98365

Liberalization and Structural Change: Evidence from Nepalese Manufacturing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Kishor.
The consequences of liberalization on structural changes are examined using data from manufacturing industry in Nepal which is classified as a least developed country. This is important because doubts that liberalization may not solve the problems of low-income developing countries remain strong due mainly to low supply elasticities and the early stage of industrialization. Results suggest some structural changes in manufacturing output and trade orientation. However, no significant improvements were recorded in the overall productivity growth and spatial distribution of manufacturing which appear to be due mainly to the lack of basic infrastructure and the shortage of skilled manpower. Thus, appropriate investment policies, which channel resources to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Import penetration; Export intensity; Total factor productivity growth; Nepal; International Relations/Trade; E13; F13; F14; F43; 041.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28394

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR EUROPE’S TRANSITION ECONOMIES, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48470

Communication Costs and Agro-Food Trade in OECD Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
The paper analyses the effects of communication costs for agro-food trade in OECD countries between 1995 and 2003 using gravity model. We find that the link between the communication costs and agro-food trade flows in developed countries is significantly stronger for agricultural than for food products. The improved communication services reduce trade transaction costs. The estimations also confirmed importance of the economy size, level of development in importer countries, and trade distance. The other traditional gravity variables like contiguity, language and regional free trade agreements have significant impacts in the majority of specifications
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Communication costs; Agro-food trade; Gravity model; International Relations/Trade; F14; F23; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50937

On the Micro-Structure of the German Export Boom: Evidence from Establishment Panel Data, 1995 - 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
This paper uses an unbalanced panel data set for exporting firms from manufacturing industries in one German federal state, Lower Saxony, to investigate the micro-structure of the recent export boom. Looking at data for 1995/96 to 2001/02 it is demonstrated that a considerable number of plants starts and stops exporting in each year, but that most of the export dynamics is due to positive and negative changes of exports in plants that continue to export. A small fraction made of four to five percent of all exporting plants is responsible for around 70 to 80 percent of the gross increase in exports. Firms with expanding and contracting exports are found simultaneously in all broad sectors, technology classes and firm size classes. Patterns of export...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Business cycle; Establishment panel data; International Relations/Trade; F14; E32.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26134

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott; Martin,   William J.; Liu,   Yu.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48478

Assessment of the Impact of Avian Influenza Related Regulatory Policies on Poultry Meat Trade and Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Schlueter,   Simon W.; Britz,   Wolfgang.
We use two methodological approaches to analyze avian influenza related quarantine measures. First, a Heckman type gravity model is used to estimate the trade impact and second, a spatial partial equilibrium simulation model is developed to simulate welfare changes. The simulation model considers spread and transmission risk according to the disease status of the importing country as well as parameter uncertainty of the calibrated coefficients by using a Monte Carlo approach. The econometric results show that the principle of regionalization is preferred to import trade bans for uncooked meat. The simulation results verify the negative welfare impact of currently implemented regulatory policies and indicate that significant trade diversion effects...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Animal disease; Quarantine measure; Non-tariff measure; Welfare; Gravity model; Simulation model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; F14; F17; Q11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122022

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Nazneen; Bakht,   Zaid; Dorosh,   Paul A.; Shahabuddin,   Quazi.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48481

Preference erosion and the developing countries exports to the EU: a dynamic panel gravity approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raimondi,   Valentina; Scoppola,   Margherita; Olper,   Alessandro.
Since 2004 there has been a sharp decrease in border protection for the EU rice industry. Because the EU grants trade preferences to a considerable number of rice exporting developing countries, the reform implied preference erosion as well. By addressing the impact of preference erosion on developing countries rice exports to the EU, this paper contributes two original insights to the literature: first, by proposing a new empirical approach to compute the preference margin when tariff rate quotas are in force which is based on the assumption of the existence of fixed costs and economies of scale in international trade; second, by estimating the trade elasticities of preferences by means of a dynamic panel gravity equation to deal with the issues of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Preferences; Gravity Equation; Tariff Rate Quotas; EU Rice Policy; GMM; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103391

Agricultural Trade Flows among Developing Countries: Do Regional Preferential Trade Agreements make a Difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tembo,   Gelson; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Regional integration through trade is recognized as one way to foster economic growth and poverty reduction. This paper uses the gravity model and 11-year panel data (1996-2006) on Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries to study Zambia’s regional agricultural trade flows and the impact of the SADC Trade Protocol (SADC-TP). Zambia’s volume of trade is significantly related to most of the standard gravity variables. The results indicate that Zambia has been largely trading below potential, especially with respect to exports. There have been improvements in Zambia’s trade flows during the SADC-TP period but only with a few countries. Further improvements will require re-examining protocol implementation and individual countries’...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Southern Africa; Regional trade; Gravity analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; C51; F12; F14; F15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51733

Food Safety, the Environment, and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zilberman,   David; Hochman,   Gal; Sexton,   Steven E.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48637

Inequality and Poverty Impacts of Trade Distortions in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Thurlow,   James.
Although Mozambique has considerable agricultural potential, rural poverty remains extremely high. This paper examines the extent to which global and domestic price distortions affect agricultural production and national poverty. We develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) and micro-simulation model of Mozambique that is linked to the results of a global model. This framework is used to examine the effects of eliminating global and national price distortions. Model results indicate that agriculture is adversely affected by current trade distortions due to policies in the rest of the world. While a removal of all merchandise trade distortions would reduce import prices, it would also raise agricultural production and reduce poverty. By contrast,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52794

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthews,   Alan; Claquin,   Pierre; Opolot,   Jacob.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48549

Trade trends from 2000 to 2008 for agriculture, forestry and fisheries of the Western Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia.
This paper aims to identify trade trends for primary products from the Western Cape agricultural, forestry and fisheries sector for the period 2000 until 2008. Annual trade data was received from the South African Revenue Service (SARS). The postal code information were used to identify from which province exports were sent or for which province the imports were destined. The postal code provided is that of the exporter or importer, and thus does not reflect the final destination in South Africa of imports or the origin (province) of our exports. Traded goods are classified using the Harmonised System (HS) that is used internationally. Results indicate that in South Africa and the Western Cape, the value of total imports are more than total exports, but in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Trade; Country and Industry Studies of Trade; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58064

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR HIGH-INCOME AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48472

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Cristina C.; Intal,   Ponciano; Balisacan,   Arsenio M.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48477

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winter-Nelson,   Alex; Argwings-Kodhek,   Gem.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48521

The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dagdemir,   Ozcan; Acaroglu,   Hakan.
This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Child labor; Globalization; Trade; FDI; Developing countries.; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F14; F15; F16; J49.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95959

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF AFRICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48553

The Effects of Market Reform on Maize Marketing Margins in South Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traub,   Lulama Ndibongo; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The Effects of Market Reform on Maize Marketing Margins in South Africa Abstract:  This article determines the effect of market reform on the size of maize milling/retail margins in South Africa. Simulations indicate that the deregulation of maize meal prices has caused a 16 to 20% increase in the mean retail price of maize meal since 1997.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Maize; Marketing; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 15; F14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54570

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Croser,   Johanna L.; Jara,   Esteban; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48632

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sturzenegger,   Adolfo C.; Salazni,   Mariana.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48389

Updated Arkansas Global Rice Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
The Arkansas Global Rice Model is based on a multi-country statistical simulation and econometric framework. The model consists of six sub regions. These regions are the U.S., South Asia, North Asia and the Middle East, the Americas, Africa and Europe. Each region comprises of several countries and each country model has a supply sector, a demand sector, a trade, stocks and price linkage equations. All equations used in this model were estimated using econometric procedures or identities. Estimates are based upon a set of explanatory variables including exogenous macroeconomic factors such as income, population, inflation rate, technology development, and especially, government determined policy variables which reflect the various mechanisms by which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade model; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; C02; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94347

Seasonal Asymmetric Price Transmission in Ghanaian Tomato Markets: Adapting Johansen’s Estimation Method
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amikuzuno,   Joseph; Ihle,   Rico.
We assess market integration and price transmission of perishable agricultural produce in Sub-Saharan Africa by studying Ghanaian tomato markets which are characterized by pronounced seasonality in production and trade flows. We analyse the tomato markets of Ghana by simultaneously regarding its five most important markets, Navrongo, Techiman, Kumasi, Tamale and Accra, in a multivariate asymmetric price transmission framework. The estimation of the model is based on a unique dataset and on a modified version of the Johansen estimation procedure which is suitable for estimating such multivariate models. We estimate the price transmission parameters for four regimes which are a combination of the seasonal patterns in trade flows and asymmetries in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric price transmission; Cointegration; Ghana; Regime-dependent model; Seasonality; Tomato; Vector error-correction model; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; C32; Q11; Q13; F14; F15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96814

Border Price and Export Demand Shocks for Developing Countries from Rest-of-World Trade Liberalization Using the Linkage Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52797

Russia's Transition to Major Player in World Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Liefert,   Olga; Serova,   Eugenia.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Russia; Agriculture; Trade; Grain; Meat; WTO Accession; International Development; F14; P33; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94724

Distribución óptima del transporte intermodal: aplicación a la exportación de perecederos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perez-Mesa,   Juan Carlos; Salinas-Andujar,   Jose Antonio.
This paper discusses the benefits using intermodal transport for fruit and vegetables. Multi-Criteria Decision Making techniques are applied for optimal allocation between land or intermodal transport. Also a sensitivity analysis is made for knowing changing priorities in decision-makers (exporters) to encourage a modal shift. The results show savings in intermodal transport costs in relation to land transport cost. However the exporter must assume increased time of delivery of goods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99097

Simulating the Effects of Supply and Demand Elasticities on Political-Economic Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48636

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Hartmann,   Monika.
One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Intra-industrieller Handel; Integration; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; F14; F15; P52; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92027

International food prices and poverty in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.; Yusuf,   Arief Anshory.
This paper argues that recent increases in international food prices worsened poverty incidence in Indonesia, even though many poor farmers benefited. This conclusion is based on the application of a multi-sectoral, multi-household general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy. The positive effect on the welfare of poor farmers was exceeded by the negative effect on poor consumers. Indonesia’s ban on rice imports since 2004 complicates this account. The import ban shielded Indonesia’s internal rice market from the temporary world price increases from 2007 to 2008, but did so at the expense of permanently increasing both rice prices and poverty incidence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Food Prices; Poverty Incidence; General Equilibrium Modeling; International Development; D58; I32; F14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59259

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF ASIAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48524

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR LATIN AMERICA, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48434

Export Growth In India: Has FDI Played a Role?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Kishor.
Export growth in India has been much faster than GDP growth over the past few decades. Several factors appear to have contributed to this phenomenon including foreign direct investment (FDI). However, despite increasing inflows of FDI especially in recent years there has not been any attempt to assess its contribution to India's export performanceone of the channels through which FDI influences growth. Using annual data for 1970-98 we investigate the determinants of export performance in India in a simultaneous equation framework. Results suggest that demand for Indian exports increases when its export prices fall in relation to world prices. Furthermore, the real appreciation of the rupee adversely effects India's exports. Export supply is positively...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Commercial policy; Export subsidies; Foreign direct investment; Exchange rates and India; F21; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F14.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28372

Agricultural Distortions, Poverty and Inequality in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herault,   Nicolas; Thurlow,   James.
South Africa has rapidly reduced trade barriers since the end of Apartheid, yet agricultural production and exports have remained sluggish. Also, poverty and unemployment have risen and become increasingly concentrated in rural areas. This paper examines the extent to which remaining price distortions, both domestic and foreign, are contributing to the underperformance of the agricultural sector vis-à-vis the rest of the economy. We draw on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) and micro-simulation model of South Africa that are linked to the results of a global trade model. This framework is used to examine the effects of eliminating global and domestic price distortions. Model results indicate that South Africa’s agricultural sector currently benefits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52792

Impact of Free Trade Agreements on the Colombian Beef Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Miguel I.; Frank,   Julieta; Parra,   Tatiana.
Colombia negotiated bilateral Trade Agreements (TAs) with the United States and with the MERCOSUR region (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Colombian cattle and beef interest groups argue that TAs hurt the local beef supply chain. We employ a partial equilibrium framework to assess the impact of these TAs on the welfare of cattle producers, beef marketers and meat consumers in Colombia. Our results suggest that with free imports of chicken parts from the U.S, beef consumption and retail prices of beef both decrease and the derived demand and prices of fed cattle decrease. With beef imports from the MERCOSUR region, domestic beef prices and beef production fall, but total beef consumption increases. Overall, consumers are better off and there are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef; Colombia; Partial equilibrium; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; F14; D60; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61670

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48517

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia (China and Vietnam), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, etc), the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; Transition economies; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; O21; P22; P26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50298

Agricultural Price Distortion and Stabilization: Stylized facts and Hypothesis Tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.; Garcia,   Andres F.
This paper describes agricultural policy choices and tests some predictions of political economy theories. It begins with three broad stylized facts: governments tend to tax agriculture in poorer countries, and subsidize it in richer ones, tax both imports and exports more than nontradables, and tax more and subsidize less where there is more land per capita. We test a variety of political-economy explanations, finding results consistent with hypothesized effects of rural and urban constituents’ rational ignorance about small per-person effects, governance institutions’ control of rent-seeking by political leaders, governments’ revenue motive for taxation, and the role of time consistency in policy-making. We also find that larger groups obtain more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50301

Government responses to the world food crisis 2007-08: A political economy perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maas,   Sarah; Matthews,   Alan.
This paper examines the performance of African agri-food exports to the EU market over the first decade of the new millennium. The EU is Africa’s single largest export market absorbing just half of all African agri-food exports. Countries are grouped according to the preferential trade regime they enjoy to enter the EU market: North African countries under EuroMed agreements; least developed African countries under the Everything but Arms arrangement; other African countries under the Cotonou Agreement; and South Africa under its Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement. Despite these preferences, Africa appears to be losing market share. A shift-share analysis confirms that, with the exception of the African Mediterranean countries, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; EU; Agricultural exports; Market access; Preference agreements; Food Security and Poverty; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114664

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Peter; Govereh,   Jones; Ndlela,   Daniel.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48516

Certification of Origin and Brands Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambolle,   Claire; Giraud-Heraud,   Eric.
We analyse the competition in quality and quantity between a foreign firm and a domestic firm. The domestic firm can belong to a certification of origin, whereas its rival uses a pure brand strategy. We will show how the certification can allow the domestic firm to position itself as a high quality producer and improve the average quality of the products offered on the market. If, however, the certified firm offers the low quality good, the certification can permit it to guarantee a higher profit than that of its competitor and to improve the consumers' surplus by favouring product standardisation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Certification of origin; Quality; International competition; Demand and Price Analysis; L13; F12; F14.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24976

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walkenhorst,   Peter.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48513

An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48635

Distribution of Agricultural NRAs across Countries and Products, 1955-84 and 1985-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.
The global database developed as an integral part of the World Bank's research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, which is publicly available at www.worldbank.org/agdistortions, provides around 30,000 estimates of nominal rates of assistance to agricultural industries (NRAs) and associated consumer tax equivalents for 75 countries that together account for between 90 and 95 percent of the world’s population, farmers, agricultural output and total GDP. They also account for more than 85 percent of farm production and employment in each of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia as well as all OECD countries. More than 70 products are included (an average of 11 per country), which represents around...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price and trade policies; Nominal rates of assistance; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50307

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48624

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sub-Saharan and North Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Masters,   William A.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48572

Compendium of Economic and Trade Indicators by Region, 1960 to 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48325

Analysis of Import Demand for Wooden Beds in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wan,   Yang; Sun,   Changyou; Grebner,   Donald L.
The market of wooden beds in the U.S. has been flooded with imports from China and Vietnam in recent years. Static and dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System models are used to assess the import demand for wooden beds from the top seven supplying countries. The analyses reveal that the antidumping investigation on China has some temporary trade depression effect on China, but trade diversion occur  to Vietnam, Indonesia, Canada, and Brazil. The formal implementation of antidumping duties since 2005 has not shown any significant effect on the trade pattern. U.S. consumers spend more on beds from newly industrialized countries and there are moderate degrees of substitution among wooden beds from most countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Cointegration; Demand elasticity; Furniture; Trade diversion; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Marketing; C32; D12; F14; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100522

SMEs in Argentina: Who are the Exporters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Volpe Martincus,   Christian.
There exists a growing body of literature which looks at export decisions made by firms. Most studies focus on developed countries and do not explore whether different behavioral patterns prevail over the firm size distribution. This paper aims at filling this gap in the literature by analyzing the export behavior of a statistically representative sample of 192 Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country, Argentina, over the period 1996-1998. We find that the level of employment, sourcing from abroad, investment in product improvement and average productivity are associated with a higher probability of exporting. Training activities for employees are important to export outside of MERCOSUR.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: SME; Exports; Argentina; International Development; F10; F14; D21; L60.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55287

JAPANESE IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. BEEF AND PORK: EFFECTS ON U.S. RED MEAT EXPORTS AND LIVESTOCK PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan; Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.
Japanese import demand for U.S. beef and pork products and the effects on domestic livestock prices are econometrically estimated.  Japan is the most important export market for U.S. beef and pork products.  Results indicate foreign income, exchange rates, and protectionist measures are statistically significant.  The comparative statistics quantify the effects of recent economic volatility.  For example, the 1995-1998 depreciation in the Japanese yen (39%) reduced U.S. slaughter steer and hog prices by $1.29 per cwt and $0.99 per cwt, respectively, while the 1994-1998 reduction in tariffs (14%) increased slaughter steer and hog prices by $0.49 per cwt and $0.33 per cwt, respectively.  Livestock producers will continue to have a vested interest in Asian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Tariffs; Demand and Price Analysis; Q17; F14; C32.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15072

International Rice Baseline with Deterministic and Stochastic Projections, 2012-2021
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
This publication contains recent baseline projections from the Arkansas Global Rice Economics Program (AGREP) for U.S. and international rice economies. These projections serve as a baseline for evaluating and comparing alternative macroeconomic, policy, weather, and technological scenarios. They are intended for use by government agencies and officials, farmers, consumers, agribusinesses and others who conduct medium-range and long-term planning. The AGREP baseline projections are grounded in a series of assumptions about the general economy, agricultural policies, weather, and technological change. It is generally assumed that current agricultural policies will be continued in the United States and other countries reported in this study. The AGREP World...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International rice; Baseline; Policy; Deterministic; Stochastic; Arkansas Global Rice Model; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; C02; F01; F14; F17; Q17; Q18; R11.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123203

Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization under FTA Reduce Pollution from Agriculture? : The Case of the Japan-Korea FTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamamoto,   Yasutaka; Sawauchi,   Daisuke; Masuda,   Kiyotaka.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture?  In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database.  The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well.  The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

The Integration of Tomato Markets in Ghana with and without Direct Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ihle,   Rico; Amikuzuno,   Joseph.
Spatial market equilibrium theory views trade flow as the driving force behind market integration. We assess spatial price transmission between domestic tomato markets in Ghana to ascertain whether spatial price transmission veritably depends on direct trade between markets, or whether other forces drive market integration. We analyze a unique data set on tomato trade consisting of semi-weekly price and trade flow data for the five most important Ghanaian markets for fresh tomato, which represents one of the most important commercially produced and consumed vegetables in the country. A regime-dependent vector error correction model is proposed to investigate this question, and the results are compared with those of a linear vector error correction model....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Keywords— spatial market integration; Regime-dependent vector error correction model; Information flow; Ghana; Tomato.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; JEL: C32; Q11; Q13; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51402

Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David; Blandford,   David; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper focuses on the political economy of U.S. farm policy since the Uruguay Round trade negotiations concluded in 1994 and established the WTO. The continued ability of the powerful farm lobby in the United States to elicit support in the political arena is evident from this analysis. Yet there have been some substantial changes in policy that have reduced their distortionary effects, as well as some setbacks to liberalizing reform. New Doha Round commitments could put further constraints on subsidies provided by some U.S. policy instruments. And despite the ability of the farm lobby to retain its support programs through 2012, there are several political uncertainties about the alignments that have allowed U.S. farm support to endure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; United States farm policies; Political economy of agricultural distortions; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13; P22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50297

Arm's-Length Transactions as a Source of Incomplete Cross-Border Transmission: the Case of Autos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellerstein,   Rebecca; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
A growing share of international trade occurs through intra-firm transactions, transactions between domestic and foreign subsidiaries of a multinational firm. The difficulties associated with writing and enforcing a vertical contract compound when a product must cross a national border, and may explain the high rate of multinational trade across such borders. We show that this common crossborder organization of the firm may have implications for the well-documented incomplete transmission of shocks across such borders. We present new evidence of a positive relationship between an industry's share of multinational trade and its rate of exchange-rate pass-through to prices. We then develop a structural econometric model with both manufacturers and retailers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cross-border transmission: Multinationals; Arm's-length transactions; Real exchange rates; Exchange-rate pass-through; Vertical contracts; Autos; International Relations/Trade; F14; F3; F4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7196

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Australia and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Lattimore,   Ralph G.; Lloyd,   Peter J.; MacLaren,   Donald.
In 1990, Australia and New Zealand were ranked around 25th and 35th in terms of GNP per capita, having been the highest-income countries in the world one hundred years earlier. The poor performance over that long period contrasts markedly with that of the past 15 years, when these two economies out-performed most other high-income countries. This difference in growth performance is due to major economic policy reforms during the past two to three decades. We provide new evidence on the extent of governmental distortions to agricultural incentives in particular in the two economies since the late 1940s, both directly and indirectly (and negatively) via manufacturing protection.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10407

New Zealand's Pastoral Exports: Can Small Countries Practise Pricing-to-Market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tantirigama,   Mangalika; Lee,   Minsoo; Sanyal,   Amal.
Literature presumes that exporters from small countries and particularly of primary products do not practice pricing-to-market (PTM) because of lack of market power.  Out paper examines New Zealand’s pastoral exports over 1988-2002 and finds strong evidence of PTM.  Evidence rejects the hypothesis that New Zealand is a price taker in these markets.  We find incomplete pass-through in sheep meat markets and more than complete pass-through in wool.  The degree of PTM is more pronounced in meat and less, but significant, in will.  Interesting co-movement in export pricing of New Zealand and Australia and a high degree of PTM are noted when the two counties together dominate a market.  Generally we report a smaller PTM when there is a larger promotional...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Meat and wool exports; Pricing-to-market; Exchange rate pass through; New Zealand economy; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D43.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50010

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India and Other South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Ashok; Pursell,   Garry.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48634

Similarity and Income Content at the International Trade: The Case of BRICs during the Period 2000/09
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Orlando Monteiro da; Drumond,   Rafael Rodrigues; Almeida,   Fernanda Maria de.
This study aimed to calculate the patterns of similarity and income content of Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports by means of indexes, and compare those patterns with those of OECD countries, covering a period between 2000 and 2009. The results indicate that Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports became more similar between 2000 and 2006, but that similarity has declined ever since. Exports from China and India, in turn, are increasingly similar to each other and less different from the exports of OECD countries. Export sophistication has increased over the years, with higher growth rates in China and India. India and Russia's sophistication indexes surpassed that of Brazil in 2007, which signal that those countries currently export...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exports; Brazil; Russia; China; India; Similarity; Income content; Agribusiness; F14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115527

The sensitivity of trade flows to trade barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raimondi,   Valentina; Olper,   Alessandro.
This study analyzes the sensitivity of trade flows to trade barriers from gravity equations, using different econometric techniques recently highlighted in the literature. Specifically, we compare a benchmark OLS fixed effects specification a la Feenstra (2002) with three emerging estimation methods: the standard Heckman correction for selection bias, to account for zero trade flows; the Eaton and Tamura (1994) Tobit estimator, to solve limited-dependent variable issues; and, finally, the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) technique, to correct for the presence of heteroskedasticity. Our gravity model includes trade among 193 exporter and 99 importer countries, in 18 food industry sectors. The paper achieves two goals: First it provides estimates of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Food Trade; Substitution elasticity; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50658

An Economic Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle Impact in a Global Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The economic effects of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia are simulated using a multi-region spatial price equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic dynamic updating procedure. The simulation captures expected changes in the B.C. timber supply, growth of plantation forests in the southern hemisphere and an escalating Russian log export tax. The results indicate lumber and log prices will rise in B.C., offsetting some of the economic loss to timber producers. However, on net producers in the B.C. forest industry will experience a decrease in economic surplus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mountain pine beetle; Spatial price equilibrium; Trade modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C67; F14; F17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37051

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Wong,   Sara; Sandri,   Damiano.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48394

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athukorala,   Prema-chandra; Wai-Heng,   Loke.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48476

On the Green Side of Trade Competitiveness? Environmental Policies and Innovation in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valeria,   Costantini; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
This paper aims to explore how the competitiveness of the EU economy, here captured by export dynamics over the medium run (1996-2007), has been affected by environmental regulation both on the public and private sector side. The strong and weak versions of the Porter hypothesis are tested by specifying the export dynamics of five aggregated manufacturing sectors classified by their technological or environmental content using a dynamic panel data estimator applied to a theoretically-based gravity model. When testing the strong version on export performances of manufacturing sectors, the overall effect of environmental policies does not conflict with export competitiveness. When testing the weak version using export flows of environmental goods,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Policies; Porter Hypothesis; Technological Innovation; Export Performances; Gravity Model; European Union; Environmental Economics and Policy; F14; O14; Q43; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92910

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the United States and Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gardner,   Bruce L.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48573

User's Manual for the SADCC Cereals Trade Database Compiled by the University of Zimbabwe and Michigan State University
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingsbury,   David S.
Two databases were constructed on trade of three staple grains (maize, wheat, and rice)  for 1970-1985. The first database includes information on trade quantities by destination and  source country. The second database covers estimates of total annual imports by country from six  different data sources. The paper also identifies data sources, discusses problems constructing  trade databases as well as problems specific to Southern Africa trade data.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Trade; Maize; Wheat; Rice; International Relations/Trade; Downloads December 2008-June 2009: 5; F14.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54736

Constitutional Rules and Agricultural Policy Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
This paper deals with the effect of constitutional rules on agricultural policy outcomes in a panel of observations for more than 70 developing and developed countries in the 1955-2005 period. Testable hypotheses are drawn from recent developments in the comparative politics literature that see political institutions as key elements in shaping public policies. Using differences-in-differences regressions we find a positive effect of a transition into democracy on agricultural protection. However, this average effect masks substantial heterogeneities across different forms of democracy. Indeed, what matters are transitions to proportional (as opposed to majoritarian) democracies, as well as to permanent (as opposed to temporary) democracies. Moreover, while...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Comparative Political Economics; Agricultural Distortions; Constitutional Rules; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; H23; O13; P16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50304

Concentration and Specialisation Trends in Germany since Reunification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suedekum,   Jens.
In this paper we describe the development of regional specialisation and geographical concentration in Germany between 1993 and 2001. Somewhat contrary to theoretical expectations derived from the recent literature in location theory, we neither find compelling evidence for a specialisation process of German regions, nor for a concentration process of industries. By and large and with some exceptions, this conclusion holds both for West Germany and Germany as a whole, as well as for all levels of territorial aggregation (NUTS1-NUTS3). Urban areas are stronger specialised than rural districts, but also subject to faster de-specialisation. Those regions, which have increased regional specialisation against the trend, have performed significantly better in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional Specialisation; Geographical Concentration; Economic Integration; Location Theory; Employment Growth; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; F14; F15; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26294

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in China and Southeast Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Martin,   William J.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48574

TRADE AND SKILLED-UNSKILLED WAGE GAP IN A MODEL WITH DIFFERENTIATED GOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thierfelder,   Karen; Robinson,   Sherman.
There is a continuing debate about whether international trade is responsible for the observed skilled-unskilled wage gap. In this paper we present a general equilibrium trade model with differentiated goods. We begin with an analytical model and show how changes in relative factor returns can be decomposed into changes in commodity prices, changes in the trade balance, and changes in the factor endowment Then we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) trade model calibrated to the U.S. economy in 1982 to analyze the effects of these shocks, as well as technology changes, observed in the U.S. in the 1980's.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; F11; F14; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16280

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe’s Transition Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48556

Effects of Japanese Import Demand on U.S. Livestock Prices: Reply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan; Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.
In responding to a comment article, we concur that quantifying U.S. livestock price response to changing Japanese met import demand requires nonzero supply elasticities beyond one quarter. However, rigidities in market trade and empirical tests justify the inclusion of exchange rates in the short-run analysis. Producer welfare asymptotically approaches zero for increasing supply elasticities in the long run, but short-run transitions in producer surplus are meaningful to producers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; Import demand; Supply response; Q17; F14; C32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42940

Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira Filho,   Joaquim Bento de Souza; Horridge,   Mark.
This paper addresses the potential effects of world agricultural trade liberalization on poverty and regional income distribution in Brazil, using an inter-regional applied general equilibrium (AGE) and a micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis by using a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has around 112,000 Brazilian households and 264,000 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52795

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: The Role of Firm Heterogeneity and Transaction Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel.
In this paper we study the determinants of the factor content of the CEE agricultural trade. Examining empirically three hypothesis, which relate cross-country differences in technology, relative factor abundance and transaction costs and market imperfections to the factor content of trade, we find that the first two hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the developed EU countries, but rejected by roughly one half of the CEE transition country pairs. Second, we find that when accounting for transaction costs of farm (re)organisation, both hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the CEE country pairs. These findings provide empirical evidence of market imperfections, and particularly, of transaction costs of farm (re)organisation in the CEE.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factor content; Bilateral trade; Relative factor abundance; Technological differences; Agriculture; Transaction costs; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51429

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Kyrgyz Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christensen,   Garry; Pomfret,   Richard.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48361

World Rice Outlook  International Rice Baseline Projections, 2011-2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International rice; Baseline projections; Policy; Arkansas Global Rice Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; C02; F01; F14; F17; Q17; Q18; R11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112998

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pursell,   Garry; Gulati,   Ashok; Gupta,   Kanupriya.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48483

Trade and Intellectual Property Rights in the Agricultural Seed Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eaton,   Derek J.F.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) has continued to be fiercely debated between North and South, particularly with respect to its provisions for the agricultural sector. Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement requires WTO member countries to offer some form of intellectual property protection for new plant varieties, either in the form of patents (common in the U.S.) or plant breeder’s rights (PBR). This paper analyses the effects of the introduction of PBRs in almost 70 importing countries on the value of exports of agricultural seeds and planting material from 10 exporting EU countries, including all principal traditional exporters of seeds, as well as the US. A fixed effects quantile regression model, based on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Trade; Agriculture; Plant breeding; Quantile regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Q16; Q17; F13; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51782

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions: The Literature to Date
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The 1980s and first half of the 1990s were a very active period in the field of political economy of agricultural protection. While the past decade has witnessed a slowdown in this area, there have been very important developments on political economy in other parts of the economics profession. This paper reviews key new insights and developments in the general political economy literature and draws implications for the study of the political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; P16; P26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50308

Exports, Foreign Direct Investment, and Productivity: Evidence from German Firm Level Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
This paper presents the first empirical test with German establishment level data of a hypothesis derived by Helpman, Melitz and Yeaple in a model that explains the decision of heterogeneous firms to serve foreign markets either trough exports or foreign direct investment: only the more productive firms choose to serve the foreign markets, and the most productive among this group will further choose to serve these markets via foreign direct investments. Using a non-parametric test for first order stochastic dominance it is shown that, in line with this hypothesis, the productivity distribution of foreign direct investors dominates that of exporters, which in turn dominates that of national market suppliers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Foreign direct investment; Productivity; Heterogeneous firms; Stochastic dominance; International Relations/Trade; F14; F23; D21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26205

Explaining Inefficient Policy Instruments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48638

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soloaga,   Isidro; Lara,   Gabriel.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48432

Agricultural Price Distortions, Poverty and Inequality in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Corong,   Erwin L.; Cockburn,   John.
This paper analyzes the poverty and inequality implications of removing agricultural and non-agricultural price distortions in the domestic market of the Philippines and abroad. Liberalization in the rest of the world is poverty and inequality reducing, whereas full domestic liberalization increases national poverty and inequality. Poverty declines while inequality increases marginally in the combined scenario of both global and domestic agriculture reform. Although the reduction in the national poverty headcount is small in the latter scenario, the poorest of the poor – particularly those living in the rural areas – emerge as “winners”, given their strong reliance on agricultural production and unskilled labor wages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52790

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athukorala,   Prema-chandra; Huong,   Pham Lan; Thanh,   Vo Tri.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48475

Regulatory SPS instruments in meat trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlueter,   Simon W.; Wieck,   Christine; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Policy makers have to choose between different potentially risk-reducing instruments regulating agri-food trade. Analysing the meat sector, the paper aims at identifying least trade distorting regulations for different policy goals relevant to the SPS agreement. For this purpose, a non-linear gravity model is estimated by Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood and applied to a panel data set at HS 4-digit level. Regulations are distinguished by a frequency approach allowing to identify the least trade distorting regulation for each policy objective. The results suggest significant differences of trade impacts between types of sanitary regulations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-food trade; Gravity model; Poisson regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; C23; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56972

Trade Factors Affecting Apple Exports from China to Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cui,   Lina.
Export supply and import demand factors are used to examine the apple exports from China to Thailand. Error Correction Model (ECM) and Cochrane-Orcutt regression are applied to examine the apple trade from 1976 to 2007. China apples export supply to Thailand is only influenced by domestic production cost. An increase in China apples production cost leads to a decrease of export quantity to Thailand. The result is consistent with the Thailand import demand function, where import quantity is negatively related to the China apple export price. The real exchange rate also plays an important role in the apples trade between China and Thailand. Thai baht appreciation would cause Thai import less apples from China.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Apples; Export supply; Import demand; Error correction model; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56388

Do Trade Agreements Reduce the Volatility of Agricultural Distortions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cadot,   Olivier; Olarreaga,   Marcelo; Tschopp,   Jeanne.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extend to which trade agreements affect agricultural trade policy volatility. Using a new panel database compiled as part of the World Bank's Agricultural Distortions research project, we estimate the effect of regionalism (proxied in various ways) on the volatility of price distortions measured by the absolute value of their first differences, averaged, for each country and year, over all agricultural goods. Using an instrumental-variable approach to correct for the endogeneity of regional trade agreements, (RTAs), we find that participation in RTAs has a significantly negative effect on agricultural trade-policy volatility. We find that the WTO's agricultural agreement also contributed to reducing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural protection; Volatility; Credibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50303

A small nation’s comparative advantage: The case of Latvia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fedotovs,   Aleksandrs.
Problem of comparative advantage in international trade is important in theoretical and practical aspect. Theoretical models in this area are periodically re-examined in search for empirical evidence. The aim of the paper is to verify the two fundamental theories in the case of a small European country - Latvia - and disclose problems in the country’s trade specialization. In Latvia’s trade with “old” EU countries, the Ricardian model and the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem can be corroborated. After 2000, however, share of EU-15 countries in Latvia’s exports steadily declines. Instead, share of regional (Baltic) market increases, while the potential of CIS markets remains underexploited. Problem of identifying new areas of comparative advantage has become...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Сomparative advantage; Competitive advantage; Wood exports; EU; Economy of Latvia.; International Development; F11; F14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95940

Measurement and Political Economy of Disputed Technical Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornsbury,   Suzanne; Roberts,   Donna; Orden,   David.
Technical regulations are increasingly visible in agricultural trade, yet their idiosyncratic nature has limited prior aggregate analysis.  This article draws on a unique data source for systematic enumeration of the technical regulations questioned by one exporter among all of its trading partners in mid-1996.  Political economy analysis indicates that barriers decrease when the relative contribution of agriculture to an economy increases, when the anticipated future level of protection through other forms of government intervention increases, and when economies are more open.  Despite increased scrutiny and discipline by the World Trade Organization, technical barriers remain a significant impediment in world agricultural markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Limited dependent variable; Sanitary; And phytosanitary; WTO; F13; F14; C21; C24.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43448

Impact of Foreign Intellectual Property Rights Protection on U.S. Exports and FDI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gu,   Weishi.
This version of the paper is subject to changes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Export; FDI; Technology transfer; Intellectual property rights; GMM; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C33; F21; F23; F14; O34; K33.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49414

Standards-as-Barriers versus Standards-as-Catalysts: Assessing the Impact of HACCP Implementation on U.S. Seafood Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anders,   Sven M.; Caswell,   Julie A.
The United States mandated a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety standard for seafood in 1997. Panel model results for the period 1990 to 2004 suggest that HACCP introduction had a negative and significant impact on overall seafood imports from the top 33 suppliers. While the effect for developed countries was positive, the negative HACCP effect for developing countries supports the view of “standards-as-barriers” versus ”standards-as-catalysts.” When the effect is analyzed at an individual country level a different perspective emerges. Regardless of development status, leading seafood exporters generally gained sales volume with the U.S., while most other smaller trading partners faced losses or stagnant sales.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food standards; International trade; Developed and developing countries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Q18; F14; L51.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7386

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR ASIA, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48435

Explaining National Border Effects in the Quad Food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
Starting from a theoretically consistent gravity model, this paper first provides estimates of bilateral 'border effects' in food trade among Quad countries (Canada, USA, Japan and EU) at the ISIC 4-digit level. Then, it investigates the underlying reasons of border effect, assessing the role played by policy barriers (tariffs and non-tariff barriers) with respect to barriers unrelated to trade policy, such as information related costs and cultural proximity. In contrast with several previous findings, we show that policy barriers are part of the story in explaining the strong trade reduction effect induced by national borders, and this is especially true when we control for the endogeneity of trade policy to imports, as suggested by political economy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Border effect; Food trade; Market access; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25467

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment of OECD Countries 1991-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gast,   Michael W.
Using a fixed-effects panel data approach, FDI flows of 22 OECD countries are explained by gravity equations over the period 1991-2001. It is distinguished between all available observations, Intra-EU25 observations only, and observations not belonging to the EU25 area in order to control for EU-specific effects. Regressions are repeated with exports as dependent variable in order to capture diverging influences for trade flows. Changes in total market size and relative market size are important factors that lead both FDI and exports in the same direction. However, relative market size is only significant in the FDI equation when variation between the EU25 area and other investment is taken into account, thus indicating a concentration of FDI within...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment and international trade; Multinational firms; Model with panel data; Agricultural Finance; F21; F23; F14; C23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24595

Assessing the Competitiveness of EU Mediterranean Fisheries and Aquaculture Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polymeros,   Konstantinos; Tsakiridou,   Efthimia; Mattas,   Konstadinos.
An attempt is made to evaluate the competitiveness of the fisheries and aquaculture industries of some Mediterranean countries.  Revealed Comparative Advantage indices of Italian, French, Greek, Portuguese and Spanish fish products are estimated, in order to gain new insights regarding the position of these products in the market of the European Union, in terms of competitiveness.  In addition, this study sheds light on the evolution of competitiveness over the last decade.  The estimated Comparative Advantage indices reveal that there is a wide range of competitiveness among fish products in Mediterranean countries.  In addition, almost all countries alter their competitive ranking throughout the study period.  Consequently, Mediterranean fisheries and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Exports; Fish products; Mediterranean countries; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17; Q22; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56004

Liberalizing Trade, and its Impact on Poverty and Inequality in Nicaragua
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanchez,   Marco V.; Vos,   Rob.
The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations stalled in 2008 owing in no small degree to a lack of agreement on the terms of substantially reducing trade-distorting support for agricultural products and to what extent this would be beneficial to developing countries. Nicaragua presents an interesting case in point, being one of the poorest economies in Latin America with still a relatively large agricultural sector and high degrees of rural poverty. In 2005, the country signed a free trade agreement with the United States. A previous study showed that most welfare gains of this agreement for Nicaragua would potentially come from the increased market access for textiles and clothing exported to the United States. Under the agreement, the country stands...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52796

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Martin,   William J.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48557

Trade, Standards and Poverty. Evidence from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using company and household survey data from the vegetable export chain in Senegal. We find that exports have grown sharply despite increasing standards, resulting in important income gains and poverty reduction. Our estimates indicate that poverty is 14 % points lower due to vegetable exports. Tightening food standards induced a shift from smallholder contract-based farming to large-scale integrated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Poverty; Standards; Vertical coordination; Contract farming; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I3; Q12; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7924

Dynamic Interrelationships between the U.S. Agricultural Trade Balance and the Macroeconomy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Koo,   Won W.
The effects of the exchange rate and the income and money supply of the United States and its major trading partners on the U.S. agricultural trade balance are examined using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Results suggest that the exchange rate is the key determinant of the short-and long-run behavior of the trade balance. It is also found that the income and money supply in both the United States and the trading partners have significant impacts on U.S. agricultural trade in both the short and long run.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade balance; Autoregressive distributed lag model; Exchange rate; Income; Macroeconomy; Money supply; International Relations/Trade; C32; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6301

Who are the Real Gainers of Trade Liberalization in Kenya's Maize Sector?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nzuma,   Jonathan M.; Sarker,   Rakhal.
In Kenya, trade policy reforms in the cereals sector were initiated as a key component of the economy-wide structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) during the mid 1980s. The SAPs were later strengthened and made irreversible by Kenya’s commitments at the multilateral trade negotiations. However, the welfare effects of these trade policy reforms remain controversial. This paper to quantifies the market and welfare impacts of trade liberalization in Kenya’s maize sector using a partial equilibrium model with market interrelationships at the farm, wholesale and retail levels. The model is calibrated to simulate a 24 percent reduction in maize import tariffs and a complete abolition of tariffs. The simulations results suggest that tariff reductions yield price...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Maize; Partial equilibrium analysis; Welfare effects; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I32; C68; O24; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95972

Agricultural Distortion Patterns Since the 1950s: What Needs Explaining?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.; Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
This paper summarizes a new database that sheds light on the impact of trade-related policy developments over the past half century on distortions to agricultural incentives and thus also to consumer prices for food in 75 countries spanning the per capita income spectrum. Price-support policies of advanced economies hurt not only domestic consumers and exporters of other products but also foreign producers and traders of farm products, and they reduce national and global economic welfare. On the other hand, the governments of many developing countries have directly taxed their farmers over the past half-century, both directly (e.g., export taxes) and also indirectly via overvaluing their currency and restricting imports of manufactures. Thus the price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50305

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR AFRICA, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48467

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bamou,   Ernest; Masters,   William A.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48518

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Korea and Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Honma,   Masayoshi; Hayami,   Yujiro.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48479

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Nicaragua
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berthelon,   Matias; Kruger,   Diana; Saavedra,   Diana.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48433

The Global Competitiveness of the North American Livestock Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adcock,   Flynn J.; Hudson,   Darren; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Harris,   Harold M., Jr.; Herndon,   Cary W., Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94385

2011 Updated Arkansas Global Rice Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
The Arkansas Global Rice Model is based on a multi-country statistical simulation and econometric framework.  The model is disaggregated by five world regions: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.  Each region includes country models which have a supply sector, a demand sector, a trade, stocks and price linkage equations.  All equations used in this model are estimated using econometric procedures or identities.  Estimates are based upon a set of explanatory variables including exogenous macroeconomic factors such as income, population, inflation rate, technology development, and especially, government determined policy variables which reflect the various mechanisms by which countries intervene in their rice sector economy.  Individual country...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade model; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; CO2; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102650

Analisi dei flussi commerciali dei prodotti ittici tra l'UE e i suoi partner mediterranei
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spagnolo,   Massimo.
The purpose of this paper is the analysis of fishery products exchange between the EU and its Mediterranean partners.  In order to delineate more clearly the framework of trade in fish products among the Mediterranean countries, EU and non-EU members, countries under analysis (only those with a Mediterranean shore) will be divided into 4 groups:  PMM, EU Mediterranean members (France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Malta and Slovenia);  PCM, candidate Mediterranean countries (Croatia and Turkey);  PPCM, potential candidate Mediterranean countries (Albania and Montenegro);  PTM, third Mediterranean countries (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Palestinian Authority and Tunisia). In addition to the more recent political agreements...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional Trade Agreements; Tariff Scheme; Fish Products Exchange; EU Mediterranean Partners; F13; F14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48197

Price Discrimination and Market Power in Export Markets: The Case of the Ceramic Tile Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Requena Silvente,   Francisco.
This paper combines the pricing-to-market equation and the residual demand elasticity equation to measure the extent of competition in the export markets of ceramic tiles, which has been dominated by Italian and Spanish producers since the late eighties. The findings show that the tile exporters enjoyed substantial market power over the period 1988-1998, and limited evidence that the export market has become more competitive over time.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Price discrimination; Market power; Export markets; Ceramic tile industry; F14; L13; L61.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37143

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from CEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel; Pokrivcak,   Jan.
The present study examines factor content of the CEE transition country agricultural trade. We examine the relative country abundance for labour, capital and land, and test the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) hypothesis. Our empirical findings suggest that the factor content of agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE and most of the agricultural trade flows do not satisfy the HOV prediction. In order to explain the general lack of agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox in the CEE's agricultural trade, we examine the role of transaction costs and market imperfections. We find that transaction costs and market imperfections distort farm specialisation and hence factor content of agricultural trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor Content; Agricultural Trade; Comparative Advantages; Transaction Cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115421

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maret,   Fenohasina.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48551

The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Gil-Alana,   Luis A.
This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine.; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10049

Outward-Orientation and Development: Are Revisionists Right?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.; Bhagwati,   Jagdish.
The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the auspices of OECD, NBER and World Bank. These studies played a critical role in shifting policies in several developing countries away from the IS strategy. Recently there has been a proliferation of cross country regressions as a methodology of analysis of issues relating to growth, trade and other issues. Both proponents (e.g. Sachs and Warner (1995)) and opponents (Rodriguez and Rodrik (1999)) of the view that openness to trade is linked to higher growth have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Economic development; Economic growth; International trade; Openness; Import substitution; Export promotion; Cross-country regressions; International Development; E13; F11; F14; F43; 041; 057.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28476

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income and U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Shane,   Mathew; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; U.S. agricultural trade; U.S. agricultural commodity exports; U.S. agricultural export prices; Foreign income; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12975

Distortions To Agricultural Incentives in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pomfret,   Richard.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48379

South African trade in 2008, focusing on agriculture, forestry and fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia.
This paper aims to identify trade trends for primary products from the South African agricultural, forestry and fisheries sector for 2008. Annual trade data was received from the South African Revenue Service (SARS). The postal code information were used to identify from which province exports were sent or for which province the imports were destined. The postal code provided is that of the exporter or importer, and thus does not necessarily reflect the final destination in South Africa of imports or the origin (province) of our exports. Traded goods are classified using the Harmonised System (HS) that is used internationally. Results indicate that in South Africa, the value of total imports are more than total exports, but in the agricultural sector of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Trade; Country and Industry Studies of Trade; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58065

The Nature of the Relationship between International Tourism and International Trade: The Case of German Imports of Spanish Wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Gil-Alana,   Luis A.
This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25341

Changing contributions of different agricultural policy instruments to global reductions in trade and welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Croser,   Johanna L.; Anderson,   Kym.
Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to international trade and economic welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete indicators, especially when (especially in developing countries) some commodities are taxed and others are subsidized in which case positive contributions can offset negative contributions. This paper develops and estimates a new set of more-satisfactory indicators to examine the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to reductions in agricultural trade and welfare, drawing on recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes and a recently compiled database on distortions to agricultural prices for 75...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural price and trade policies; Trade restrictiveness index; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; F15; N57; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58881

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Chile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Alberto; Jara,   Esteban.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48391

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfieri,   Andrea; Arndt,   Channing; Cirera,   Xavier.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48552

Access to OECD Agricultural Market: A Gravity Border Effect Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
This paper uses the border effect estimate from a gravity model to assess the level of trade integration in agricultural markets between 22 OECD countries, over the 1995-2002 period. The empirical analysis shows that using a gravity equation derived from theory, in the estimation of the border effect, matters. A representative estimate of the border effect shows that crossing a national border into the OECD countries induces a trade-reduction effect by a factor of 8. This average value masks substantial differences in market access across the country groups considered, with higher value in trade between EU countries and lower in trade between CEEC countries. However, the trade integration between CEECs and others OECDs increases substantially in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Border effect; Gravity equation; OECDs; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24543

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; D'Souza,   Anna; Amponsah,   William A.
Abstract:  We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Valdes,   Alberto.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48558

PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE COSTS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/16/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade costs; Gravity; Processed Foods; Geography; Infrastructure; Trade Policy; Inequality; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9799

Riceflow: a Multi-region, Multi-product, Spatial Partial Equilibrium Model of the World Rice Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice; Spatial trade model; Bilateral trade; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C02; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92010

Finding the Balance Between Agricultural and Trade Policy: Rwanda Coffee Policy in Flux
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tardif-Douglin,   David; Ngirumwami,   Jean Leonard; Shaffer,   James D.; Murekezi,   Anastase; Kampayana,   Theobald.
Coffee is the principal source of foreign exchange for Rwanda. Over the years the predominating coffee policy has been to remunerate coffee producing highly to ensure sufficient production and foreign exchange receipts. The current policy debate focuses on whether the government can remove or modify coffee laws in existence since 1978 in such a way as to reduce the burden of the State and return crop choice to farmers without bringing about a catastrophic collapse in foreign exchange inflows.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F14.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54691

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives In Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopes,   Mauro de Rezende; Lopes,   Ignez Vidigal; Oliveira,   Marilene Silva de; Barcelos,   Fabio Campos; Jara,   Esteban; Bogado,   Pedro Rangel.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48390

The Changing Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantages of Asian and Latin American Manufacture Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bender,   Siegfried; Li,   Kui-Wai.
Changes in comparative advantage should reflect changes in factor endowment, but increasingly, changes in trade policies also affect a region’s trade performance. Based on the arguments in Balassa’s stages of comparative advantage thesis, this paper looks at the performance of manufacture exports in a number of Asian and Latin American economies over the period 1981-1997 and examines the revealed comparative advantage indices between economies in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Although the RCA measurement may not distinguish between the factor endowment effects from the trade policy effect, we argue that RCA measures provide indication on the movement in a region’s comparative advantage. The evidence strongly suggests that despite the strong...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Revealed comparative advantage; Manufacture exports; International Relations/Trade; F14.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28478

The Economic Impacts of Avian Influenza on World Poultry Trade and the U.S. Poultry Industry: A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Djunaidi,   Harjanto; Djunaidi,   Andrew C.M.
Simulation results showed that simultaneous outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Asia, the United States, Brazil, and selected European countries will have significant impacts on world poultry trade. Assuming demand for chicken meat is constant, the global export price is simulated to increase by 9.63%. HPAI outbreaks in the United States, Economic Union, and Brazil will have a greater impact on export price than in any other possible three-region case. Outbreaks in the United States and Brazil would still lead to major impacts on world poultry trade, confirming large country effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bird flu; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Economic impacts; H5N1; HPAI disease; Spatial equilibrium; U.S. poultry industry; World chicken trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17; Q11; Q18; F14; F17; F47.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6539

Five Decades of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48742

Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899:Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes and War
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nye,   John V.C.
Britain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural trade policies and war; Economic history of Europe; Alcohol taxes; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; H20; N40; N43; N53; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50295

The Growing U.S. Trade Deficit in Consumer-Oriented Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuang,   Renan; Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
We investigate the factors behind the growing U.S. trade deficit in consumer-oriented agricultural products by using reliable panel data and an empirical trade model derived from international trade theory. The results indicate that per capita income in the United States appears to be the most important determinant for the growing U.S. trade deficit. An increase in per capita income and trade liberalization in foreign countries would improve U.S. trade balance. U.S. foreign direct investment abroad in food manufactures, a strong U.S. dollar and NAFTA are found to have negative effects on U.S. trade balance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer-oriented agricultural products; Trade balance; Trade deficit; Exchange rate; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9839

Economic and Poverty Impacts of Agricultural, Trade and Factor Market Reforms in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhai,   Fan; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Capitalizing on the most recent estimates of agricultural price distortions in China and in other countries, this paper assesses the economic and poverty impact of global and domestic trade reform in China. It also examines the interplay between the trade reforms and factor market reforms aimed at improving the allocation of labor within the Chinese economy. The results suggest that trade reforms in the rest of the world, land reform and hukou reform all serve to reduce poverty, while unilateral trade reforms result in a small poverty increase. Agricultural distortions are important factors in determining the distributional and poverty effects of trade reform packages, although their impacts on aggregate trade and welfare appear to be small. A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52787

Agricultural Trade Reform and Poverty in Thailand: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Thailand of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that across the board trade liberalization is poverty-reducing within Thailand, whether other countries participate in the liberalization or not. This poverty reduction occurs among both farm and non-farm households and this qualitative outcome is not dependent on the particular poverty line used in the analysis. Liberalization in agricultural products alone raises poverty incidence among farm households, while reducing it slightly among non-farm households.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52791

The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Gil-Alana,   Luis A.
This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. In particular, we focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different stochastic properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, we use a methodology based on long memory regression models, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The results show that at the aggregate level, tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism produces an effect on future import...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57033

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pomfret,   Richard.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48360

Welfare Implications of Washington Wheat Breeding Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nogueira,   Lia; Marsh,   Thomas L.
We calculate the welfare effects of the WSU wheat breeding programs for producers and consumers in Washington State, Oregon, Idaho, the United States and the rest of the world.  We develop a partial equilibrium multi-region, multi-product, multi-variety trade model for wheat that provides consumer, producer and total surplus for each wheat class and region.  Our results provide evidence suggesting that WSU wheat breeding programs have increased welfare in Washington State, in the United States and the rest of the world.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Welfare; Wheat breeding programs; Economic surplus; Partial equilibrium; Agribusiness; F14; F17; Q11; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93419

Production Response to Increased Imports: The Case of U.S. Sugar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Schmitz,   Andrew.
This paper considers how the welfare of U.S. sugar producers can be affected by the use of production controls in the presence of rising sugar imports and falling sugar prices, taking into account the negative externalities associated with U.S. sugar production. Even if production controls are used, producer welfare can be affected negatively under rising imports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Import quota; Production quota; Supply management; U.S. sugar; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56662

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Cote d’Ivoire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48522

Distortions to Cotton Sector Incentives in West and Central Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baffes,   John.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48526

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Valdes,   Alberto.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48575

Competitiveness and Agri-food Trade: An Empirical Analysis in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banterle,   Alessandro.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the competitive performance of the EU countries for food trade in the European market during the period 1990-2003. To assess such performance the analysis considers comparative advantage and evaluates three indices: export market share (EMS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and net export index (NEI). These three indices are found to be high in the Netherlands, France, Belgium and Spain, but only Spain has shown significant competitive performance during the last decade. Also the competitive performance of Germany and Italy is good, although their RCA and NEI values are low. Among the other countries the trend in the indices for Austria, Portugal and Sweden is on the increase.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitive performance measures; Competitiveness; Agri-food trade; European Union; International Relations/Trade; Q17; L66; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24692

Outsourcing and pass-through
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellerstein,   Rebecca; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
Revised October 2008 Revised on December, 2009 Revised on February 26, 2010
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Exchange-rate pass-through; Intra-firm trade; Vertical contracts; Outsourcing; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; F14; F3; F4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120490

Growing U.S. Trade Deficit in Consumer-Oriented Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuang,   Renan; Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
We investigate the factors behind the growing U.S. trade deficit in consumer-oriented agricultural products by using reliable panel data and an empirical trade model derived from international trade theory. The results indicate that per capita income in the United States appears to be the most important determinant for the growing U.S. trade deficit of consumer-oriented agricultural products. An increase in per capita income and trade liberalization in foreign countries would improve the U.S. trade balance. U.S. foreign direct investment abroad in food manufactures and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are found to have negative effects on the U.S. trade balance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer-oriented products; Exchange rate; Trade balance; Trade deficit; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47270

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ndlela,   Daniel; Robinson,   Peter.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48515

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burrell,   Alison M.; Kurzweil,   Marianne.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48388

Information Cost As A Prior Hurdle to Exporting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wei,   Xuan; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
In this paper, we empirically assess how information cost, as one component of trade costs, impacts the decision of an individual firm to export. Firm-level data measuring the difficulty of obtaining information about technical regulations in the European Union (EU) and the United States is used as a proxy for information cost to evaluate reduction in firm incentives to export. Results suggest that information cost significantly reduces the likelihood of exporting to these two destinations. Negative impacts are relatively larger for a firm exporting to the United States than to the EU.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information cost; Trade costs; Non-tariff; Technical barriers to trade; Probit; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; L25.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103622

ASSESSING KOSOVO'S HORTICULTURAL POTENTIAL - THE MARKET FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ON THE BALKANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian.
SUMMARY Kosovo had been a net exporter – at least of some – fruit and vegetables in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia before the civil war. Current reconstruction efforts therefore focus on restoring the past horticultural potential of the now independent province. This paper analyses the competitiveness of the Kosovar fruit and vegetable sector. By calculating average net trade flows during 1996-2000 for more than 20 individual fruit and vegetables and seven ag-gregates, demand potentials for the Balkan regional market are identified for potatoes, lettuce, garlic, dried beans and pears. In addition, average export unit values are calculated as price proxies in order to assess export price competitiveness in the region. While demand potentials for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kosovo; Balkans; Horticulture; Market analysis; Export potential; Agriculture in international trade; Agricultural and natural resource economies; Aggregate supply and demand analysis; Prices; Kosovo; Balkan; Marktanalyse; Nachfragepotential; Internationaler Agrar-handel; Agrar- und Ressourcenökonomie; Analysen des aggregierten Ange-bots und der aggegrierten Nachfrage; Preise; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; D40; F14; O52; Q00; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14931

Relationship Between Trade Liberalisation, Economic Growth and Trade Balance: An Econometric Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parikh,   Ashok; Stirbu,   Corneliu.
This is a study of 42 developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America in which we first examine the impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth, investment share of GDP, openness, trade balance and current accounts (as percentages of GDP). Both panel data and country by country data are used to measure the impact of liberalisation on domestic economic growth measured in PPP terms from the data available in Heston, Summers and Aten (2001) study. Domestic economic growth is often positively related to liberalisation for many countries of our sample. Next we analyse the impact of growth on trade balance and current account to examine whether higher economic growth due to liberalisation leads to adverse effect on balance of trade. Trade balance is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Liberalisation; Trade balance; Developing countries; Panel data estimation; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F32; F14; O24; C21; C23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26267

Intra-Industry Trade in Agricultural and Food Products: The Case of Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levkovych,   Inna; Luka,   Oksana.
We present an analysis of agricultural and food trade in Ukraine over the period 1996-2002 focusing on different aspects of intra-industry trade. We estimated Grubel-Lloyd and marginal IIT indexes to examine the relevance of intra-industry trade between Ukraine and its trading partners and the changes in nature of trade flows over time. The results indicate that the major part of agro-food trade is of the inter-industry type, and thus a product of underlying comparative advantages. The low level of index seems to be typical for primary sectors in comparison to industries with higher product differentiation. Also marginal IIT appears to be low, the structure of the changes in agro-food trade flows between Ukraine and its trading partners during the analyzed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Marginal intra-industry trade; Agro-food products; Ukraine; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24632

Welfare- and trade-based indicators of national distortions to agricultural incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lloyd,   Peter J.; Croser,   Johanna L.; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48627

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.; Kohpaiboon,   Archanun.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48474

Opportunities to Improve Household Food Security Through Promoting Informal Maize Marketing Channels: Experience from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traub,   Lulama Ndibongo; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Maize meal is a staple food in South Africa, particularly among the poor. The South  African government by the mid-1980s enacted a series of legislations aimed at reducing the role  of  government within the market and placing increasing reliance on market forces and the private  sector. Ex post studies of the impact of maize market reform in neighboring countries found that,  in general, the reforms led to lower maize milling/retailing margins in real terms. However, in  the case of South Africa, recent analysis indicates that maize market reform has not reduced  processing and retailing margins in the maize meal supply chain. The study objectives are to  determine actual and potential consumer demand for the types of maize meal capable of being  produced...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Marketing; South Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; F14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54568