Consulta: subjectFacets:"Fitness"
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Data/hora: 06/06/2024 15:41:59

Diferencias en la aptitud entre colectas de "alpistillo" (Phalaris minos Retz.) resistentes y susceptible a inhibidores de la ACCasa.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Torres García, Jesús Rubén.
Las malezas compiten intensamente con los cultivos, por lo cual, los agricultores emplean prácticas de control (manual, mecánico y químico) para eliminarlas. Los herbicidas ejercen una presión de selección extrema (99.99%) sobre las poblaciones. Como consecuencia, en unas pocas generaciones se observan individuos resistentes (R) en las poblaciones de maleza. La resistencia a herbicidas es un proceso evolutivo causado por cambios metabólicos o genéticos. En algunas especies la resistencia va acompañada de una disminución en la aptitud competitiva (fitness). Esto puede ocasionar que las plantas resistentes sean desplazadas cuando el factor de selección se retire de las poblaciones. Phalaris minor (Poaceae) es una maleza que evolucionó hacia la adquisición de...
Palavras-chave: Fitness; Costo de la resistencia; Evolución; Ecología evolutiva; Doctorado; Botánica; Cost of resistance; Evolution; Evolutionary ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1778

Besleria longimucronata (Gesneriaceae) y sus ladrones de néctar: ¿cuáles son las consecuencias sobre el éxito reproductivo en esta supuesta interacción negativa?
Provedor de dados: 67
Autores: de Avila Jr,Rubém Samuel.
Las interacciones antagonistas suelen ser clasificadas como negativas para el éxito reproductivo de los individuos. Entre estas interacciones, el comportamiento de pillaje de néctar floral por distintos grupos animales es una de las más frecuentes en las angiospermas. Los antagonismos constituyen importantes fuerzas selectivas de las características florales, del tipo y cantidad de recurso ofrecido, y del período de floración. Por esta razón es necesario analizar las distintas etapas reproductivas de las plantas considerando el posible efecto negativo de los pilladores de néctar, y así comprender mejor su impacto sobre el éxito reproductivo. Las flores de Besleria longimucronata presentaron una gran tasa de pillaje en observaciones efectuadas en 2005. El...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Fitness; Polinización; Fructificación; Antagonismo; Pillaje de néctar.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2010000200011

EFFECT OF DENSITY AND FLOWER SIZE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF NOTHOSCORDUM GRAMINUM (ALLIACEAE)
Provedor de dados: 73
Autores: Molina-Montenegro,Marco A; Cavieres,Lohengrin A.
The size, form and color are signals used by flowers to attract their pollinators. Large and showy color flowers usually receive higher pollinators visitation rates. According to the optimal forage theory, pollinators would tend to visit flower patches where they obtain the maximum reward regarding the energy expenditure in flower search. In high density patches, flowers are very close each other, hence, flower discrimination by pollinators would tend to be low. In low density patches, however, where the forage effort is greater, larger flowers are usually associated with higher rewards and would receive higher pollinators visitation achieving greater fitness than co-especifics with smaller flowers. In the present study we assessed the effects of flower...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Pollinators visit; Floral traits; Seed output; Fitness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-66432006000100004

Microbiota Composition and Evenness Predict Survival Rate of Oysters Confronted to Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Clerissi, Camille; De Lorgeril, Julien; Petton, Bruno; Lucasson, Aude; Escoubas, Jean Michel; Gueguen, Yannick; Dégremont, Lionel; Mitta, Guillaume; Toulza, Eve.
Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) affects Crassostrea gigas oysters worldwide and causes important economic losses. Disease dynamic was recently deciphered and revealed a multiple and progressive infection caused by the Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar, triggering an immunosuppression followed by microbiota destabilization and bacteraemia by opportunistic bacterial pathogens. However, it remains unknown if microbiota might participate to protect oysters against POMS, and if microbiota characteristics might be predictive of oyster mortalities. To tackle this issue, we transferred full-sib progenies of resistant and susceptible oyster families from hatchery to the field during a period in favor of POMS. After 5 days of transplantation, oysters from...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Holobiont; Microbiome; Metabarcoding; Fitness; Bacteria.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00621/73332/72500.pdf

Fitness of teratological morphotypes and heritability of deformities in the diatom Gomphonema gracile
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Coquillé, Nathalie; Morin, Soizic.
Diatom teratologies have intrigued scientists since the XIXth century, with respect to their causes and origins. These deformities, mainly observed in long-term cultures or under high levels of pollution, were poorly considered, until they were recently found to be potential indicators of toxic impairment of freshwaters. However, very little is known about their ecology. In this study, the growth and fitness of morphologically distinct descendants of the same cell line of Gomphonema gracile (teratological vs. non teratological forms) were compared over a typical growth cycle. Contrary to expectations, teratological populations grew slightly faster, at a rate of 0.47 ± 0.03 divisions.day−1, versus 0.41 ± 0.04 for the normal morphotype. They had similar...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Gomphonema gracile; Morphology-based assessment; Teratology; Transmissibility of morphological characters; Phenotypic variability; Fitness.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00502/61326/64913.pdf

Fitness of early life stages in F1 interspecific hybrids between Dicentrarchus labrax and D. punctatus
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Ky, Chin-long; Vergnet, Alain; Molinari, Nicolas; Fauvel, Christian; Bonhomme, Francois.
Inter- and intraspecific crossbreeding experiments were conducted to evaluate the aquaculture potential of hybrids in the genus Dicentrarchus, focusing on fertilisation and hatching success. The experimental design consisted of 24 controlled crosses in which individual and pooled fertilisations were made between wild D. labrax individuals (8 dams and 5 sires originating from West Mediterranean and Atlantic populations) and wild D. punctatus (6 sires). Three experiments were successively performed: (1) dams from the Mediterranean population, individually considered to have good egg quality, (2) dams from Mediterranean population, individually considered to have poor egg quality and (3) crossbreeding using pooled eggs from the Atlantic population. In each...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Sea bass; Hybrid progeny; Offspring quality; Fitness; Dicentrarchus labrax; Dicentrarchus punctatus.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00078/18881/16451.pdf

Aerobic scope explains individual variation in feeding capacity
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Auer, Sonya K.; Salin, Karine; Anderson, Graeme J.; Metcalfe, Neil B.
Links between metabolism and components of fitness such as growth, reproduction and survival can depend on food availability. A high standard metabolic rate (SMR; baseline energy expenditure) or aerobic scope (AS; the difference between an individual's maximum and SMR) is often beneficial when food is abundant or easily accessible but can be less important or even disadvantageous when food levels decline. While the mechanisms underlying these context-dependent associations are not well understood, they suggest that individuals with a higher SMR or AS are better able to take advantage of high food abundance. Here we show that juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) with a higher AS were able to consume more food per day relative to individuals with a lower AS....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Energy metabolism; Fitness; Food intake; Maximum metabolic rate; Salmo trutta; Standard metabolic rate.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00414/52505/53324.pdf

Simultaneous age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kervinen, Matti; Lebigre, Christophe; Soulsbury, Carl D.
Individuals' reproductive success is often strongly associated with their age, with typical patterns of early-life reproductive improvement and late-life senescence. These age-related patterns are due to the inherent trade-offs between life-history traits competing for a limited amount of resources available to the organisms. In males, such trade-offs are exacerbated by the resource requirements associated with the expression of costly sexual traits, leading to dynamic changes in trait expression throughout their life span. Due to the age dependency of male phenotypes, the relationship between the expression of male traits and mating success can also vary with male age. Hence, using longitudinal data in a lekking species with strong sexual selection - the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Annual reproductive success; Fitness; Lek; Long-term data; Mating success; Selection differential; Selection gradient; Senescence; Tetrao tetrix.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00370/48145/48270.pdf

Epigenomic modifications induced by hatchery rearing persist in germ line cells of adult salmon after their oceanic migration
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Leitwein, Maeva; Laporte, Martin; Le Luyer, Jeremy; Mohns, Kayla; Normandeau, Eric; Withler, Ruth; Bernatchez, Louis.
Human activities induce direct or indirect selection pressure on natural population and may ultimately affect population’s integrity. While numerous conservation programs aimed to minimize human‐induced genomic variation, human‐induced environmental variation may generate epigenomic variation potentially affecting fitness through phenotypic modifications. Major questions remain pertaining to how much epigenomic variation arises from environmental heterogeneity, whether this variation can persist throughout life, and whether it can be transmitted across generations. We performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on the sperm of genetically indistinguishable hatchery and wild born migrating adults of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from two...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Developmental plasticity; Epigenomic; Fisheries; Fitness; Hatchery; Salmonid.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00688/79977/82923.pdf

Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Characterization of Male Elite Karate Athletes
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Sánchez-Puccini,María B; Argothy-Bucheli,Rodrigo E; Meneses-Echávez,José F; López-Albán,Carlos Alejandro; Ramírez-Vélez,Robinson.
This study aimed to assess anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of male elite karate athletes. Our study was carried out on a sample of 19 male Karate Athletes from Colombia (mean age 31.6±8.8 years). Different anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height, diameters, circumferences, body composition) from which several anthropometric indices were calculated (body mass index, ponderal index, body index adiposity), and the somatotype was then determined. The performance tests carried out were: Astrand-Ryming protocol, vertical jump, anaerobic power and Wingate anaerobic test. The results (mean±SD) showed a body mass (65.4±12.0 kg), height (167.4±9.3 cm), percent body fat (13.6±3.0 %), ponderal index (41.0±1.8) and body adiposity...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Karate; Body Composition; Somatotype; Fitness; Anthropometry.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000300045

Phenotypic plasticity and fitness in egg parasitoids
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Boivin,Guy.
Several proxies can be used to estimate the fitness of egg parasitoids: size, longevity, fecundity, mating ability and vagility. All these proxies are positively correlated with the lifetime fitness gain of an individual. However, the phenotypic plasticity, which is the ability of a genotype to produce distinct phenotypes depending on environmental conditions, may alter the value of these proxies. Host related factors (host species and quality), competition and duration of development will influence the proxies expressed by a given phenotype. When the phenotype is modified by the temperature at which an individual develops, the resulting phenotype will vary based on the life history strategy of the parasitoid. While in koinobiont species an increase in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fitness; Proxy; Reproduction; Longevity; Phenotype.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2010000400001

Short-term changes in energy allocation by Hemiodontidae fish after the construction of a large reservoir (Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River)
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Medeiros,Estevão Rodrigues; Pelicice,Fernando Mayer; Agostinho,Carlos Sergio; Marques,Elineide Eugênio.
The present study investigated energy allocation patterns in three fish species from the family Hemiodontidae (Argonectes robertsi, Hemiodus microlepis, and Hemiodus unimaculatus), before and after the construction of Lajeado Dam, Tocantins River, Amazon basin. Changes in the use of energy (between somatic and reproductive processes) were indirectly evaluated by means of temporal variations in fish body condition, feeding activity, visceral fat storage, and reproductive effort. Fish were collected from October 1999 to September 2004, in periods that preceded and followed the construction of the dam. We recorded significant changes in all ecological traits for the three analyzed species (for males and females). In general, there was an intense reduction in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Body condition; Colonization; Fitness; Reproduction; River regulation.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252014000300649

Initial growth and competitive ability of yellow nutsedge and irrigated rice
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: Westendorff,N.R.; Agostinetto,D.; Ulguim,A.R.; Langaro,A.C.; Thürmer,L.
Weeds cause significant reduction in the irrigated rice crop yield. Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) is adapted to irrigate environment. Information on the competitive ability of the weed to the culture, and their environmental adaptation, are scarce. In this study, we sought to determine the initial growth and competitive ability of yellow nutsedge and irrigated rice, as a function of cultivar growth cycle. Initial growth and competition studies were conducted in a randomized complete design in a greenhouse in the agricultural year 2010/11. For the initial growth study, the treatments consisted of a factorial combination of a biotype of yellow nutsedge and two rice cultivars in the function of the vegetative cycle (BRS Querência: early cycle - IRGA...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cyperus esculentus; Oryza sativa; Competition; Fitness.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582013000400007

Competitiveness of ALS inhibitors resistant and susceptible biotypes of Greater Beggarticks (Bidens subalternans)
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: Lamego,F.P.; Vidal,R.A.; Burgos,N.R.
The continuous use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides has led to the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide. Greater beggarticks is one of the most troublesome weeds found in the soybean production system in Brazil. Recently, a greater beggarticks biotype that is resistant (R) to ALS inhibitors due to Trp574Leu mutation in the ALS gene was identified. Also, the adaptive traits between susceptible (S) and R to ALS inhibitors biotypes of greater beggarticks were compared. Specifically, we aimed to: (1) evaluate and compare the relative growth rates (RGR) between the biotypes; (2) analyze the seed germination characteristics of R and S biotypes under different temperature conditions; and (3) evaluate their competitive ability in a replacement series...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Bidens; Fitness; Herbicide resistance; Replacement series.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582011000200024

Synchrony is more than overlap: measuring phenological synchronization considering time length and intensity
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: Freitas,Leandro; Bolmgren,Kjell.
The degree of flowering and fruiting synchronization is believed to have ecological and evolutionary relevance at several scales. Here we discuss some measures that have been used to estimate synchrony and propose an index that incorporates both the entire length of an individual phenophase and variation in the number of flowers or fruits over that time period. This new index describes more accurately the phenological synchrony among individuals and populations.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Fitness; Phenology; Pollination; Population ecology; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042008000400017

Synecological comparisons sustained by ecophysiological fingerprinting of intrinsic photosynthetic capacity of plants as assessed by measurements of light response curves
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: Lüttge,Ulrich; Scarano,Fabio Rubio.
In some literature variations in photosynthetic rates are considered to be of little relevance for individual fitness. This depends among other things on how one defines fitness, i.e. if one takes strictly Darwinian fitness as seed production or if one needs to evaluate particular traits and consider plant establishment. It also matters if one takes the Darwinian "organism individual" as the central entity in evolution ("individual fitness") or the "species individual" in a modified "Structure of Evolutionary Theory" sensu Stephen Jay Gould. A phenotypically expressed trait like photosynthetic rate, even if intra- and interspecific differences may be small, can matter in habitat performance and niche acquisition. Light dependence curves (LCs) of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecophysiology; Fitness; Light dependence curves; Physiological syn-ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042007000300002

The role of quantitative genetic studies in animal physiological ecology
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: Artacho,Paulina; Castañeda,Luis E.; Nespolo,Roberto F.
Evolutionary physiology is a new discipline with roots in comparative physiology. One major change in the emergence of this discipline was an explicit new focus on viewing organisms as the evolutionary products of natural selection. The shift in research emphasis from comparative physiology to evolutionary physiology has resulted in physiological traits becoming important elements in broad research programs of evolution and ecology. Evolutionary quantitative genetics is a theory-based biological discipline that has developed the quantitative tools to test explicit evolutionary hypotheses. The role of quantitative genetics has been paramount, in studying the microevolution of morphology, behavior and life history, but not comparative physiology. As a...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary physiology; Heritability; Directional selection differential; Response to selection; Fitness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2005000100012

Differences in competitive ability among races of Colletotrichum graminicola in mixtures
Provedor de dados: 102
Autores: CASELA,CARLOS R.; FERREIRA,ALEXANDRE S.; SANTOS,FREDOLINO G.
Mixtures of races of Colletotrichum graminicola, causing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) anthracnose and differing in their virulence range, were inoculated for five and six generations on the susceptible sorghum cultivar BR009 (Tx623), in two experiments in a greenhouse. In each generation a sample of 50 single spore isolates was obtained and inoculated on a standard differential set to determine the proportion of each race in the mixture. Isolates of the race 30A, with the narrowest virulence range, predominated over isolates of the more complex races 31B, 31C and 31E indicating the existence of differences in the survival ability among races of this pathogen.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Colletotrichum graminicola; Virulence; Fitness; Sorghum bicolor; Anthracnose.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-41582001000200019

Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, or total distance: a comparison of methods to equalize exercise volume in Wistar rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Paes,L.S.; Borges,J.P.; Cunha,F.A.; Souza,M.G.C.; Cyrino,F.Z.G.A.; Bottino,D.A.; Bouskela,E.; Farinatti,P.
This study compared strategies to equalize the volume of aerobic exercise performed with different intensities by Wistar rats, based on the distance covered during exercise bouts and energy expenditure (EE, isocaloric sessions) obtained from oxygen uptake (V̇O2) or respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Thirty-three male rats (270.5±12.8 g) underwent maximal exercise tests to determine V̇O2 reserve (V̇O2R), being randomly assigned to three groups: moderate-intensity continuous exercise at speed corresponding to 50% V̇O2R (MIC; n=11); high-intensity continuous exercise at 80% V̇O2R (HIC; n=11); and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HII; n=11) at 60% V̇O2R (3 min) and 80% V̇O2R (4 min). Exercise duration was calculated individually to elicit EE of 5 kcal in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Energy expenditure; Aerobic exercise; Exercise testing; Metabolism; Fitness.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2016000800607

Growth kinetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis measured by quantitative resazurin reduction assay: a tool for fitness studies
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: von Groll,Andrea; Martin,Anandi; Portaels,Françoise; Silva,Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Palomino,Juan Carlos.
We standardized a method to evaluate the growth kinetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by measuring quantitatively the reduction of resazurin by spectrophotometry. Growth curves and the rate of growth of twenty-one M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were determined. The method showed technical simplicity and is inexpensive to assess the fitness of each isolate.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Growth kinetics; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Resazurin; Fitness.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822010000200006