Consulta: subjectFacets:"International trade"
Registros recuperados: 161
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 10:33:10

Modelo de equilibrio espacial para determinar costos de transporte en la distribución de durazno en México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Antonio González, Jacob.
En México, el durazno como fruto estacional tiene un rango muy grande en cuanto a precio, además, la poca infraestructura para conservar la fruta en condiciones de refrigeración, su reducida vida útil de anaquel y aunado a las zonas muy localizadas de producción hace que se tengan que recorrer grandes distancias para que el producto llegue a los consumidores. Además, la concentración de la producción en un sólo periodo provoca excesos de oferta, favoreciendo a los consumidores y como consecuencia reduciendo el margen de utilidad de los productores. En este sentido, el presente trabajo desarrollado en el año 2010, plantea la posibilidad de reducir gastos por concepto de transportación, si se planea la producción regional considerando calidad y variedad de...
Palavras-chave: Prunus pérsica L.; Programación lineal; Comercio internacional; Lineal programming; International trade; Economía; Maestría.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/634

BRS FS305: cultivar de feijão para exportação com grãos calima.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: PEREIRA, H. S.; MELO, L. C.; SOUZA, T. L. P. O. de; FARIA, L. C. de; DEL PELOSO, M. J.; AGUIAR, M. S. de; COSTA, J. G. C. da; CABRERA DIAZ, J. L.; MAGALDI, M. C. de S.; ABREU, A. de F. B.; MARTINS, M.; PEREIRA FILHO, I. A.; WENDLAND, A.; KLUTHCOUSKI, J.; ALMEIDA, V. M.; ALBRECHT, J. C.; TRINDADE, N. L. S. R.; SOUZA, N. P. de.
O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), alimento tradicionalmente presente na dieta dos brasileiros, sendo consumido por todas as classes sociais. O País produziu, no ano de 2017, um total de 2,5 milhões de toneladas do grão. Os grupos comerciais carioca e preto têm origem mesoamericana e representam 85% da produção brasileira. Entretanto, existe demanda para a produção de outros tipos de grãos, com maior valor agregado e possibilidade de exportação, visto que o feijão carioca, representando 75% da produção nacional, não é consumido em larga escala internacionalmente. Entre os grupos comerciais de maior interesse internacional estão Cranberry, Sugar Bean, Branco, Dark Red Kidney, Light Red Kidney e Calima. O...
Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: BRS FS305; Feijão; Melhoramento Genético Vegetal; Exportação; Phaseolus Vulgaris.; Plant breeding.; Beans; Grain quality; International trade.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1119682

Les maladies des mollusques bivalves: risques et prévention
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Grizel, Henri.
La conchyliculture basée sur les activités de pêche et d'élevage dans le milieu naturel s'est considérablement développée au cours de ces dernières années, notamment grâce à la production de naissain dans les écloseries et les nurseries, L'accroissement des demandes des échanges de produits, facilité par les moyens modernes de transport, a provoqué une augmentation des risques de propagation de maladies. En s'appuyant sur des exemples, une analyse est faite sur les risques encourus liés aux pratiques conchylicoles et à l'état actuel des connaissances scientifiques. Des recommandations sont formulées sur la prévention, sur le besoin de réglementations et sur les difficultés rencontrées dans ce domaine, Enfin, quelques suggestions sont proposées pour mieux...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Analyse des risques; Commerce international; Conchyliculture; Maladies; Mollusques bivalves; Santé animale.; Animal health; Bivalve molluscs; Diseases; International trade; Risk analysis; Shellfish farming.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1997/publication-6089.PDF

Appearance and spread of diseases among bivalve molluscs in the northern hemisphere in relation to international trade
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Renault, Tristan.
Bivalve mollusc culture is a well-developed marine aquaculture activity in many countries around the world, notably in the northern hemisphere. During the development of this activity, numerous countries have been confronted with infectious diseases of varying severity and duration. Research has been conducted to determine the aetiology, epidemiology and control measures for these epizootics. Major epizootics in bivalve molluscs have been caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites. Moreover, important commercial relations exist in marine mollusc culture between different geographical areas. This must be taken into account in explaining the appearance and the spread of some infectious diseases in several countries around the world. The...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Northern hemisphere; International trade; Infectious diseases; Bivalve molluscs; Mollusques bivalves; Maladies infectieuses; Hémisphère Nord; Commerce internatioanal.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1996/publication-2913.pdf

Les échanges internationaux de crevettes pénéidés vivantes entre les pays du Pacifique, de l'Atlantique et de l'Europe
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Michel, Alain.
The tremendous development of penaeid shrimp culture across the world over the past twenty years has led to international trade in eggs, larvae and spawners of the best shrimp species for aquaculture. Trade has involved, in particular, the following species: - Penaeus japonicus from Japan to Europe, the Pacific Islands and South America - P. monodon from South-East Asia to almost all tropical countries - P. vannamei and P. stylirostris from countries along the Pacific coast of South and Central America to the United States of America, the islands of the South Pacific, countries along the Atlantic coast of the Americas and certain countries in Africa. In the 1980s, research conducted by American and French teams enabled the breeding of stocks of spawners in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aquatic animals; International trade; Pathogens; Penaeid shrimps; Species transfer.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00091/20231/17883.pdf

The seafood markets in the northern mediterranean countries
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Paquotte, Philippe; Guillard, Valerie.
A brief survey of the sea-food markets for the northern Mediterranean countries is presented, i.e. for Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. Then a comparative study between the markets belonging to the European Union is completed. Three of these countries (France, Italy and Spain) are characterised by a huge deficit in their external sea-products trade. Greece is almost balanced, but Portugal has been importing increasingly more over the last few years. About 45% of the imports come from the European Union. After many years of increasing value, we can now see a stabilisation in the fish price. Since 1977, the consumption of fresh products has been receding in favour of frozen and processed products. Cultured salmon and shrimp which...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Economics; Consumption; International trade; Sea products; SEM; Economie; Consommation; Commerce extérieur; Produits de la mer.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1995/acte-4055.pdf

Fish for Thought: Fisheries, International Trade and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Dommen, C.
The Fisheries, International Trade, and Sustainable Development programme aims to inject both the sustainable development and natural resource management perspectives into the debate on trade and fisheries. The ultimate objective of the programme is to make international trade in fisheries supportive of sustainable development. The programme's main activity will be to convene a series of policy dialogues on fisheries, international trade, and sustainable development which will link processes and actors, and bring together all the different stakeholders' perspectives. Initially the programme aims to facilitate a process in which each stakeholder can move beyond the constraints inherent in his or her position, to enable all participants to step back from...
Tipo: Book Section
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Fisheries; International trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/647

Biodiversity, Trade, And The Fishing Sector Case Study: West Africa
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Stone, C.D.; Downes, D.; de Fontaubert, A.C.
In 1997, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, with the financial support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, initiated a project to examine the relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the rules of international trade–those administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in particular. The project was motivated by a widely shared concern that the aims of the CBD, which are essentially to conserve and equitably distribute the benefits of the environment, might be undermined by the WTO, which aims at the liberalisation of trade. Liberalised trade has the potential to integrate economies, regionally and globally, in mutually beneficial ways. But some observers are concerned that it may do so...
Tipo: Conference Material
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; International trade; Fisheries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/657

Food Safety in Agricultural International Trade: The Spanish experience in Mediterranean products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briz,   Julian; de Felipe,   Isabel; Garca,   Marian.
Food international trade between developed and developing countries is increasing as a consequence of the worldwide liberalization movement. Tariffs and technical barriers are decreasing and many exporters in developing countries are ready to supply to developed markets. However there are non-tariff barriers, some of them related to food safety. The goal of this paper is to analyse how some food safety and quality control measures may be overcome by Less Developed Countries following some indications, such as a benchmarking analysis. The identification of “best practice” in operating firms may be useful to others.  We describe the evolution of international trade, the situation at destination and origin markets through the international channel. It is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Food safety; Benchmarking; Spanish export supply chain; Traceability; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7898

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: SUBSTITUTES OR COMPLEMENTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Cornell,   Dyana N.; Koo,   Won W.
International agricultural trade has evolved over time.  Processed foods and developing countries have become major growth markets for U.S. agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) has become even more important than exports as a means of accessing foreign markets.  The critical question is whether FDI is a substitute for or a complement of exports.  This research builds upon an existing theoretical FDI model and contributes to the literature through the development of a simultaneous equation system for FDI and exports, which is estimated using two-stage least squares.  Empirical analyses were used to examine the relationship between U.S. FDI and exports of processed foods into East Asian countries - China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: East Asia; Exports; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Processed foods; International Relations/Trade; F47; Q17; C3; F17.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15471

Price Developments on the World Markets for Milk Products: The Case of Butter
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockmann,   Heinrich; Voneki,   Eva.
A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. It can be expected that similar relationships exists for other milk products as well. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. However, price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy market; International trade; Market integration; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F15; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25491

Who Benefits from Quality Labelling? Segregation Costs, International Trade and Producer Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Lee Ann.
This paper analyses the impact of quality based labelling on product prices, factor allocation and the resulting effects on producers within the context of an international trading system. A general equilibrium model, calibrated to 1998 data, describes United States and European Union labelling regimes for genetically modified agricultural products. The results indicate that the labelling choice of trade partners have large distributive impacts within national economies, as well as across countries and highlight the importance of using general equilibrium framework to understand the system wide impacts of labelling policies that differentiate products based upon quality characteristics. These results are essential for policy makers seeking to understand...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labelling; International trade; Political economy; General equilibrium; Biotechnology.; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57897

The Impact of Imports on Price-Cost Margins: An Empirical Illustration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Rigoberto A.; Lopez,   Elena.
This article decomposes the impact of imports on domestic price-cost margins into separate price and cost effects.  Using data from 24 food-processing industries, the empirical results show that although the direct impact of imports on prices is always negative, a positive net impact on price-cost margins occurs in industries characterized by low own-price elasticity of demand and diseconomies of scale. Further results show that the disciplining effect of imports is more preponderant the lower the degree of domestic competition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market power; Imports; Market structure; International trade; Food industry; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25153

Financial Development and International Trade: Regional and Sectoral Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Costa,   Rafael F.
Financial development has been argued as a potential source of comparative advantage and its relationships with trade has been theoretically developed. This theory posits that countries that are well financially developed should experience greater volumes of international trade. We empirically investigate the effects of financial development on trade of both agricultural and manufactured products. The results show a positive impact of financial development on bilateral trade flows for the manufacturing sector, which enjoys a greater impact than the agricultural sector. The impacts differ across regions. In most cases, developing countries (Asia, Latin America, MENA and SSA) experience greater impacts of financial development on exports in both agriculture...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Comparative advantage; Financial development; International trade; Manufacturing sector; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102647

Thinking on Promoting International Trade Competitive Advantage of Agricultural Products in Guangxi Based on CAFTA Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Guihong.
This paper analyzes the status quo and the existing problems of international  trade development of agricultural products in Guangxi based on CAFTA framework as follows, the international  trade of agricultural products in Guangxi shows a trend of rapid growth, but the structure of export products is simple; the distribution of export market is irrational; the export goods are mainly the resources-intensive goods and labor-intensive goods, with low added value of goods; the brand of agricultural products lacks strong overall international  competitiveness. In the context of CAFTA framework, in order to foster the international trade competitive advantage of agricultural products in Guangxi, corresponding suggestions are put forward as follows: the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAFTA; Guangxi; Agricultural products; International trade; Competitive advantage; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118310

Measuring Competition for Textiles: Does the United States Make the Grade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Welch,   J. Mark; Lyford,   Conrad P.
Increasing competition from foreign manufacturers threatens the viability of textile producers in the United States. This paper evaluates the U.S. competitive position in the cotton yarn segment using established quantifiable measures and provides an overall competitive assessment. The measures employed show the United States to be at a relative competitive disadvantage when compared to major international producers of cotton yarn. However, the margin of this competitive disadvantage is shown to be relatively small and in some cases, decreasing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competition; Cotton; International trade; Textiles; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44901

Is there any future for cash crops in developing countries? The case of vanilla.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokorna,   Irena; Smutka,   Lubos.
A generally used term for easy marketable commodities usually with high prices is cash crops As a result of it these commodities are produced by many developing and especially least developed countries (LDC). These crops have witnessed fluctuation in prices during the last decade. We can suppose that these products would be the domain of developing countries nevertheless the opposite is true.  Vanilla is a very good example of those products especially because just very few producers exist. We can suppose that vanilla trade would be the sphere of very few producers and beside that the agents would deal mostly with the demand site on the international market. However, the international vanilla market shows slight differences. Nevertheless, it can be grown...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cash crops; Vanilla; International trade; RCA.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102491

REGULATORY TARGETS AND REGIMES FOR FOOD SAFETY: A COMPARISON OF NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN APPROACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hooker,   Neal H.; Caswell,   Julie A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality; International trade; Harmonization; Mutual recognition; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25964

CHINA'S FOOD AND AGRICULTURE: ISSUES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Provedor de dados: 31
China's impact on world agricultural markets in coming decades will depend on many factors. Growing income and transition to modern urban lifestyles will increase demand for all foods, but demand will shift toward meat and high-value products. WTO accession may increase openness of China's agricultural trade and allow more imports. An understanding of geographic variations of consumption, production, trade, and policy is critical to understanding the vast China market. Development of transportation infrastructure and market channels will make it easier for food products to reach consumers. China's approach to biotechnology and its reform of institutions for allocating land, labor, and water inputs have important implications for agricultural productive...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: China; Food; Agriculture; Production; Consumption; Regions; International trade; Biotechnology; Livestock; Land; Irrigation; Retail; Transportation; Marketing; Rural development; Labor markets; Statistics; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33723

Tourism Development as a Dimension of Globalisation: Experiences and Policies of China and Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Both China and Australia have participated in the process of growing economic globalisation in recent decades.  This paper compares trends in the openness of China’s and Australia’s economy in terms of international trade and foreign direct investment, and then examines global trends in international tourism.  This dimension of growing globalisation indicates an accelerating trend in the second half of the 20th century.  The article shows how China was able to take advantage of this trend as a consequence of its economic reforms and opening up to the outside world.  A mini-case study of the expansion of China’s tourism industry and its evolving policy framework is provided.  Australia also has obtained significant growth in its tourism industry in recent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; China; Australia; International trade; Foreign direct investment; International tourism; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90535

International traveling and trade: further evidence for the case of Spanish wine based on fractional VAR specifications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gil-Alana,   Luis A.; Fischer,   Christian.
This paper deals with the relationship between international travelling and trade. For this purpose we focus on a particular case study: the connection between the Spanish wine exports to Germany and the German travellers to Spain. Unlike previous studies we use a methodology based on fractional vector autoregressive models, which permits us to compute the impulse responses in a similar way as in the standard VAR case. The results show that the orders of integration of the two series are constrained between 0 and 1, being higher for the arrivals series than for the exports. The impulse response analysis reveals that an increase in travelling produces a positive initial impact on trade though it tends to disappear in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Multivariate models; Fractional VAR; Tourism.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7859

MODELING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT INTRODUCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Koo,   Won W.; DeVuyst,   Cheryl Sinn; Taylor,   Richard D.
Planned introductions of genetically modified crop varieties can be troublesome to model. Estimation of demand and supply equations is not feasible due to lack of data. Further, specifying demand and supply equations requires calibration to a presumed equilibrium. Depending on the point chosen, highly questionable results may be obtained. We propose a model that uses existing supply, demand, and elasticity estimates. The approach relies on composite supply and demand functions. These composite functions are linear combinations of GM and non-GM varieties. We then employ this approach in a model of world wheat trade to analyze the impact of several plausible GM wheat adoption and consumer acceptability scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Genetically modified organisms; Producer surplus; Consumer surplus; Welfare; Transportation cost; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23550

O DESEMPENHO DO BRASIL NO MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE PEDRAS PRECIOSAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dias Ribeiro,   Hilton Manoel; Silva,   Orlando Monteiro da.
Este trabalho analisa a inserção brasileira no mercado internacional de pedras preciosas, um setor de grande importância para o País, embora ainda pouco estudado. A metodologia escolhida consiste no cálculo de alguns indicadores de competitividade internacional, capazes de evidenciar os principais elementos condicionantes do desempenho brasileiro nesse setor. Os resultados encontrados confirmam o potencial do setor, em termos de vantagens comparativas no mercado internacional. Os efeitos observados na decomposição das exportações estão ligados, basicamente, à dinâmica dos principais mercados de destino e também ao crescimento do comércio mundial. Destaca-se, adicionalmente, que apesar da alta informalidade no setor e da falta de informações sistematizadas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio internacional; Pedras preciosas; Competitividade; International trade; Precious stones; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102899

International sorghum trade: United States beyond the Mexican dependency?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duch-Carvallo,   Teresa; Malaga,   Jaime E.
This research proposes the estimation of a partial equilibrium econometric and simulation international trade model for sorghum: United States and Mexico component. Sixteen equations were simultaneously estimated and validated as a system using seemingly unrelated regression. Results on parameter estimates agree with economic theory and a working model for simulation and forecast was obtained. Forecast scenarios suggest that the dependency of sorghum trade between US and Mexico will continue.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply; Demand; NAFTA; International trade; Sorghum; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46862

Trading out of Poverty: WTO Agreements and the West African Agriculture. A Report of the Food Security II Cooperative Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Yade,   Mbaye.
This report is a brief survey of WTO agreements and their implications for the West African economies (including Chad). The study reviews the positions of West African countries on various WTO issues and compares these positions with positions expressed by major trade partners, particularly the Cairns Group, the European Union, Japan, Sub-Sahara Africa, and the United States.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; World trade organization; Poverty; West Africa; International trade; Market access; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 29; F0.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54573

Systematic and Unsystematic Risk Costs for Southeastern Kansas Farm Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amegbeto,   Koffi N.; Featherstone,   Allen M.
Six measures of farm returns are used to estimate the most "appropriate" market index for southeastern Kansas farms. Systematic and nonsystematic risks and risk costs are estimated for farm planning. Results suggest that regional indices are more appropriate for use as the market index than state indices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Vector autoregressions; Wheat markets; Farm Management.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118181

Impact of international organic markets on small U.S. producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grow,   Shelly; Greene,   Catherine R.
Rapid growth of the organic agricultural sector in the U.S. and implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's national organic standards in 2002 have lead to concerns that organic production could become increasingly concentrated on larger U.S. and international farms, disrupting the market access of small domestic organic producers. However, data on the U.S. organic agriculture show that the smallest-scale farms continue to hold a small but stable piece of the organic sector and that U.S. organic farm size has grown slowly. The amount of land under organic production worldwide is growing rapidly, particularly in developing countries producing commodities for export, many of which are not widely grown in the U.S. Small-scale producers using direct...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Organic certification; Small-scale farmers; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7862

What is the structure of the coffee market: Can the real poor benefit from the coffee trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokorna,   Irena; Smutka,   Lubos.
This article deals with the trade with coffee. The primary aim of the paper is to analyse the international coffee trade. Because coffee belongs to the cash crops we have focus on the production. We have analysed the structure of the trade concerning the green (not roasted) coffee, roasted coffee and coffee extracts, essences or concentrates. The analyses of production show enormous differences between developed and developing countries on the supply side. Dissimilarity appeared in the price system. Our results show that developing countries (especially least developed countries) cannot fully benefit from the international trade because they are placed just on the lowest level of the production vertical line. The results prove that there must exist strong...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee market; International trade; Prices; Supply chains; Developing countries; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96865

Forces behind China's Surging Trade: Competitiveness or Policy Driven?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somwaru,   Agapi; Tuan,   Francis C.; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Diao,   Xinshen; Langley,   Suchada V.
This paper delves into China's differential growths in trade flows with high income countries by focusing on bilateral content of trade data over the time period 1962-2005.  Unlike other studies, we account for end use of traded goods ranging from primary, intermediate, and finished goods because China's policies impact all segments China's trade flows.  China's trade growth patterns with major high income countries clearly indicate that the adjacency-neighborhood partners alone is unlikely to explain its unprecedented growth in exports and imports.  China's outstanding performance in trade growth can be traced back to the 1970s with changes in its policies and increased involvement in the international segmentation of production processes and preferential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; International trade; Growth; Policies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9907

United States chicken and grain exports to Mexico: competing for the same market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duch-Carvallo,   Teresa; Malaga,   Jaime E.
The impacts of maintaining increasing rates of Mexican chicken meat imports from the United States on United States grain sorghum price and Mexican GS imports from the United States were modeled using a non-spatial, partial equilibrium, econometric, and simulation international trade model. Twenty five equations were simultaneously estimated and validated as a system using three stages least squares. A 9-year baseline was estimated under existing projections and the impacts of the increasing rates of Mexican chicken meat imports from the United States were simulated and compared with the baseline.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply; Demand; NAFTA; International trade; Grain sorghum; Chicken meat exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98828

Global Demand for U.S. Environmental Goods and Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Avery,   Brock; Boadu,   Frederick O.
This paper reports import demand elasticities for environmental goods and services (EGS) for the world in aggregate and for six world regions. The paper involves a pooled cross-section and time-series estimation procedure and makes per capita demand for EGS a function of economic, political, and structural factors. The results show that per capita incomes, exchange rates, political and economic freedoms, and debt affect the demand for EGS. The results also show that demand for EGS is tied to the particular environmental problem facing a particular region. Exporters of EGS need to disaggregate world markets to better target products.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Environmental goods; International trade; F18; F14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42895

Imposing WTO disciplines on domestic support: an assessment of the Doha Round Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David.
The elements of the approach to disciplining domestic support for agriculture in the Doha round of WTO negotiations are evaluated using data for a selection of OECD countries. Despite a substantial increase in complexity in comparison to the Uruguay Round Agreement, the new approach is unlikely to require real reductions in trade-distorting support. As a result it is unlikely to stimulate further reforms in domestic agricultural policies in OECD countries.   RESUMEN: En este artículo se evalúan los instrumentos del enfoque utilizado en la Ronda de Doha de la Organización Mundial de Comercio para establecer disciplinas  en relación con la ayuda interna a la agricultura. El análisis se lleva  a cabo para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. A pesar de la mayor...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Agriculture; Domestic support; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28766

Strategic Choice of International Emissions Trading Scheme in an Open Economy with Perfect Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boom,   Jan Tjeerd.
Emissions trading can be organized in several ways. In particular, private emissions trading can be organized as permit trading, or as credit trading. The schemes have a different impact on output with credit trading leading to a higher output level than permit trading. This paper analyzes what the optimal choice of emissions trading scheme is in a model with international trade and perfect competition in the product and emission quota market. Furthermore, I discuss whether it is optimal for the country to allow its firms to trade emissions internationally. The paper shows that countries want to use these schemes in different circumstances, depending on whether they import or export the good. Furthermore, it is shown that in several cases, countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Emissions trading; Credit trading; International trade; Perfect competition; Strategic behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; F10; L51; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24196

Effects of Food Safety Standards on Seafood Exports to US, EU and Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen,   Anh Van Thi; Wilson,   Norbert L.W.
Estimating the panel gravity model with bilateral pair and country-by-time fixed-effects separately for each seafood product, we found that food safety regulations have differential effects across seafood products. In all three industrialized markets, shrimp is most sensitive, while fish is the least sensitive to changing food safety policies. The enforcement of the US HACCP, the EU Minimum Required Performance Level and the Japanese Food Safety Basic Law caused a loss of 90.45%, 99.47%, and 99.97% to shrimp trade in these markets, and a reduction associated with fish trade was 66.71%, 82.83%, and 89.32%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Seafood; International trade; Gravity model; HACCP; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; C33; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46758

WESTERN CANADA’S EXPORTS: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING COMPETITIVENESS IN KEY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mirus,   Rolf; Ryan,   Chris.
This report surveys the export performance of Western Canadian goods producers for the period 1995 to 2007. During that period Canada’s GDP growth outpaced export growth, but Western Canada’s exports grew at a faster rate than Canada’s exports overall, resulting in increased weight of Western exports in Canada’s total. As well, Western Canada’s exports have shifted significantly towards the NAFTA markets of US and Mexico. The composition of products exported from the West and the individual provinces is shown in detail. Each province is found to have unique export strengths. During the observation period, B.C.’s exports were the most volatile and Manitoba’s the least, but overall the provincial economies of Alberta and Saskatchewan were the most volatile....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Western Canada; International trade; Trade; Competitiveness; Key markets; NAFTA; FTA; Free trade agreements; Imports; Exports; United States; Alberta; Western provinces; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60430

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
This paper analyzes the main economic issues of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). A retrospective view on the establishment of the TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) Agreement, a still controversial accomplishment of the Uruguay Round of trade liberalization, is provided. The paper reviews the economic rationale for the harmonization of IPRs, drawing both on economic theory considerations as well as emerging empirical evidence. The logic of linking IPR protection and trade in the context of the WTO is also re-examined. Some specific attention is devoted to the implications of TRIPS for agricultural and biotechnology innovations. The impact that IPR protection can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Copyrights; Cross-border externalities; Intellectual property; International trade; Patents; Trademarks; TRIPS; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18369

Italy and China Agri-Food Trade: Integration, Similarity and Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Henke,   Roberto.
The paper looks at the increasing integration of China into the world market, with a specific focus on agricultural and food trade and on the Italian market. Agricultural trade among Italy and China has been limited to secondary products, especially originated in the livestock sector. However, in the last decade exchanges have been constantly increasing and the set of products changing deeply. Specifically, Italian exports to China have been specialising towards the typical "Made in Italy" processed products, showing a potential market for Italian agricultural and food products. In order to test the opportunity and the risks of the integration of China into the world agro-food markets, some similarity indices have been calculated, with refer to two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Similarity index; Agri-food trade; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25283

Canadian Orange Juice Imports and Production Level Import Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yan; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Import demand equations are estimated in order to identify the own-, cross-price, and volume elasticities that can be used to determine the best marketing strategy to increase U.S. orange juice gallons in the Canadian import market. This study uses the firm’s version of production differential, AIDS, CBS, and NBR models. An expansion of total Canadian orange juice import gallons using advertising favors the U.S. much more than it does the other three origins investigated— Brazil, Mexico, and ROW. A 1% increase in imported gallons of orange juice due to advertising will increase U.S. imports by 1.20% and Brazil’s gallons by 0.60%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: AIDS model; CBS model; Import demand; International trade; NBR model; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62281

Dynamic Relationship between Agricultural Trade and FDI in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fei,   Ping; Xu,   Liqing.
On the basis of time series data from 1984 to 2006, co-integration analysis and VAR model are used to carry out empirical analysis on the dynamic relationship between the foreign direct investment in agriculture and the variable volume of international trade of agricultural products. Result shows that there is long-term co-integration relationship between the two. But it is probable that foreign direct investment (FDI) has substituted for improving in the short term and shows deviation from the long-run equilibrium relationship. Therefore, we put forward two policy proposals which are improving market system and strengthening the import management of foreign-funded enterprises.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Agricultural products; International trade; China; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53528

WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE ADM GLOBAL PRICE CONSPIRACIES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
ADM was at the center of two large global price-fixing conspiracies.  Buyers were overcharged $116 to $378 million in the United States.  Market structure and corporate management style facilitated these cartels.  The criminal prosecutions and defendants' legal strategies were both laudatory, but civil plaintiffs were short-changed.  ADM has undergone severe management restructuring, but the effectiveness of apprehending global cartels with national legal enforcement is questionable.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price fixing; Global cartel; Antitrust; Citric acid; Market structure; Structural change; Lysine; International trade; Archer Daniels Midland; Welfare analysis; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28621

CONCLUDING THE DOHA ROUND: AN IMPERATIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosario,   Joe A.
Much water has flowed under the bridge since ministers failed to conclude world trade negotiations in July 2009. The world underwent an historical recession brought about by the U.S. financial toxic asset scandal. Global trade has declined sharply and is forecasted to decline by 9% in real terms in 2009. World economic growth rates have declined dramatically. There have been several cases of covert (and some overt) protectionism by both developed and advanced economies. Despite declarations from world leaders on several occasions for the need to refrain from protectionist measures and the need for the resumption and conclusion of the Doha Round of trade negotiations over the past nine months, no such action has materialized. The two major contestants in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; International trade; Doha Round; Trade negotiations; India; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60427

VALUE-ADDED WHEAT PRODUCT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onnen,   Jennifer M.; Wilson,   William W.
This study evaluated international trade of value-added wheat products.  Analyzed were market size and growth rate by country for each product group.  Shift share analysis was used to examine changes in market shares for each value-added wheat product group. Major international exporters were identified for each product group, and market shares held by the major exporters for specific importing markets were analyzed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bakery; International trade; Market size; Market growth; Shift-share analysis; Market share; Exports; Value-added.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23259

The Unforeseen Developments Clause in Safeguards under the WTO: Confusions in Compliance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raychaudhuri,   Tilottama.
In this article the author explores in detail the “unforeseen developments” requirement in the Agreement on Safeguards under the WTO. The author seeks to answer questions such as whether the requirement (i.e., unforeseen developments must be demonstrated in order for safeguard measures to be justified) is an integral part of the Agreement on Safeguards, and how the subjectivity associated with this requirement contributes to the difficulty of constructing a reasoned and adequate account of the causal chain. The article also includes within its scope a brief analysis of larger issues such as the political and economic rationale behind safeguard measures, and how ambiguities in the Agreement on Safeguards can destabilize the discipline of safeguards and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: India; International trade; Safeguards; Unforeseen developments; WTO; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90792

Market-Creating Effect of the Internet on Food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
This paper analyses the impact of the number of the Internet users on food industry trade between developed OECD countries using both panel and cross-sectional data. We find the positive, significant and over time increasing effect of the Internet on food industry exports confirming that the Internet reduces market-specific entry costs for food industry exports. The significant positive effect pertained to the Internet is found in the importing countries. The significant positive effects on food industry exports are found for the country’s economic size and bilateral common features and proximities. The Internet mitigates the countries proximities, but increased the distance between the countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internet; Distance; International trade; OECD countries; International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91958

The Effects of Biotechnology Policy on Trade and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
Despite the clear influence of European Union biotechnology restrictions on trade patterns, very little work has been done to model these influences or their long-run effects. This paper presents an economic trade theory model of biotechnology, biotechnology research and development (R&amp;D), and biotechnology regulation. The model analyzes the impact of European Union consumer preferences on production and consumption of biotechnology products, the level and national origin of biotechnology R&amp;D, trade patterns, and growth. The results indicate that developing countries may become the major producers of biotechnology agricultural products if they can establish the necessary legal infrastructure; and that European biotechnology regulations effectively...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Economic growth; International trade; Regulation; Research and development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23872

Impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on international trade in fruit and vegetables: A gravity model approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiemann,   Franziska; Fleming,   Euan M.; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.
Globalization results when markets become more integrated because of reduced transaction and transport costs. These costs have fallen because of sustained advances in transport technology and, more dramatically, in digital information and communication technology (ICT). Although communication costs tend to be a minor component of total trading costs, reductions in these costs may strongly stimulate international trade. The empirical evidence in support of this effect is, however, scant and its strength may depend on the composition of ICT and the nature of the product being traded. We test the hypothesis of an ICT effect on trade in bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and vegetables and fruit in general. We employ a gravity model of international trade between...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Information and communication technology (ICT); International trade; Fruit and vegetables; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123839

Chinese Tariff Rate Quota v.s. U.S. Subsidies: What Affects the World Cotton Market More?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Ethridge,   Don E.
Paper replaced with new version 8/17/05
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; International trade; Subsidies; TRQ; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19111

IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS: THE CASE OF NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
Major components of agricultural competitiveness, including definitions, factors, and indicators of competitiveness, are discussed,  The case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is used to illustrate how factors have influenced the competitive position of the NAFTA countries.  Traditional neoclassical trade theory is used to evaluate the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations and trade preferences on agricultural competitiveness.  Pre- and post-NAFTA market shares are evaluated for five agricultural commodities of importance to the southern United States.  The results of these evaluations are compared with theoretical expectations and discussed with special emphasis on implications for future trade negotiations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural competitiveness; Exchange rates; International trade; NAFTA; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15477

On Trade Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Institutional Quality: The Case of Central European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Fogarasi,   Jozsef.
This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility and of the institutional quality on international trade flows of transition economies in Central European Countries by applying a gravity model of balance panel between 1999 and 2008. The results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant negative effect on trade by applying Psuedo-Maximum-Likelihood (PML) estimator method over this period. The institutional quality need to be improved in case of size of government and the quality of regulation. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that joining Central European Countries to the euro zone can reduce the negative effects of exchange rate volatility on trade.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity model; Exchange rate volatility; Institutions.; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; G10; F11; O17; Q17; P29.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122510

Comercio internacional de servicios: una reflexión sobre la balanza de servicios no financieros del Perú: período 1970-1988
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caceres Valderrama,   Armando.
Este documento contiene algunas reflexiones sobre la problemática del comercio internacional de servicios. Revisa la noción de servicios desde tres perspectivas: la económica, la estadística y la comercial, así como la evolución del comercio internacional de servicios durante los últimos veinte años.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comercio internacional; Balanza comercial; Sector servicios; International trade; Balance of trade; Peru; International Relations/Trade; F40; F13.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42285

EMERGENCE OF U.S. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: CAN WE COMPETE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klonsky,   Karen; Tourte,   Laura; Thompson,   Gary D.; Lohr,   Luanne; Krissoff,   Barry.
This compilation of papers for principal papers session PP-03 at the AAEA 1998 Annual Meeting assesses the current status of the organic agriculture industry in the United States.  Paper topics address production, market and certification issues faced by the industry, research challenges and emerging conditions shaping domestic and international markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; Industry structure; International trade; Certification; Organic agriculture; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16704

European Trade Integration in the Baltic Sea Region - A Gravity Model Based Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paas,   Tiiu; Tafenau,   Egle.
The paper explores regional trade integration of the countries involved in the EU eastward enlargement (EU-25) processes distinguishing the possible regional trade clusters within EU-25 that may support integration of the EU-15 and the new member states. We examine whether the gravity equation based on the new trade theory describes trade integration of the EU-25 countries, and whether the results of a gravity model based analysis may be different in the case of the Baltic Sea region (BSR). The gravity models are estimated based on panel data for the years 1993 to 2002. The results of our analysis indicate that the BSR is forming an exception within EU-25. The BSR trade cannot be explained as much with New Trade Theories as in the case of the whole EU. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gravity models; International trade; Regional integration; Baltic Sea region; International Relations/Trade; F15; R1; C5.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26263

ANÁLISE DO COMÉRCIO DE PESCADO ENTRE BRASIL E OS ESTADOS UNIDOS.NÁLISE DO COMÉRCIO DE PESCADO ENTRE BRASIL E OS ESTADOS UNIDOS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvalho,   Rosemeiry Melo; Kolb,   Pedro Carneiro.
Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estimar as equações de oferta e demanda de pescado comercializado entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos no período entre 1996 e 2006.  As variáveis incluídas no modelo foram: quantidade comercializada, preço, renda per capita do americano e a taxa de câmbio do período. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a demanda e a oferta de pescado são elásticas, de modo que um aumento no preço do produto provoca variações mais que proporcionais na quantidade comercializada. Em relação à renda, verifica-se que, no mercado norte-americano, o pescado brasileiro é considerado um bem inferior. Desde o ano de 2003 o valor das exportações brasileiras de pescado para os Estados Unidos tem diminuído, podendo ser atribuído, a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pescado; Comércio internacional; Brasil; Estados Unidos; Fish; International trade; Brazil; United States; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108156

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Asia; Proceeding of a Workshop Held in Bogor, Indonesia, October 5-8, 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents: Foreword Acknowledgements Opening address, by Haruo Inagaki Opening remarks, by Yukio Kawauchi Message of Mr. Adrianus Mooy, read by Nibhon Debavalya Opening address, by Joko Budianto Trade Liberalization and World Food Prospects in the 21st Century, by Keji Ohga Project Report: Effects of Trade Liberalization in Selected Asian Countries with Special Focus on CGPRT Crops (TradeLib), by Michio Kanai Agricultural Trade Liberalization in China, by Jikun Huang and Chunlai Chen Comments on Chinese Country Report: Trade Protection or Free Trade in the Agricultural Economy of China?, by Chen Dongsheng Effects of Trade Liberalization on Indian Agriculture, by Ramesh Chand Effects of Trade Liberalization on Selected Food Crops in Indonesia, by Erwidodo...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; International trade; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32735

Vantagens comparativas reveladas e orientação regional da soja brasileira frente à União Européia e ao foro de cooperação econômica na Ásia e no Pacífico, 1992-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ilha,   Adayr da Silva; Coronel,   Daniel Arruda.
This work aims at verifying the competitiveness of the Brazilian soybean in relation to European Union and the of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum. To do so, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCAI), and the Regional Orientation Index (ROI) were used. The findings show that Brazil has been presenting a positive Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes on the considered period and these were increasing except during the years of 1995, 1996, 1999 and 2003. The reason of these drops off may be related to the high exchange rates between 1995 and 1998 and, due to variations in the Brazilian and World soybean exportations. The ROI result concerning the European Union indicates that the exports are concentrated to the block. Although, this rate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Soybean; International trade; Economic blocks; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55307

NONCOMPETITIVE PRICING AND EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH IN SELECTED U.S. AND THAI RICE MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yumkella,   Kandeh K.; Unnevehr,   Laurian J.; Garcia,   Philip.
A "pricing to market" international trade model is applied to U.S. and Thai rice exports to high and middle income countries that are continuous rice importers.  These markets are characterized by strong quality preferences and highly inelastic demand, and thus exporters may exercise market power.  Evidence of noncompetitive pricing either through price discrimination across destinations or through imperfect exchange rate pass-through is found in this small but growing segment of the international rice trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; Imperfect competition; International trade; Rice; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15183

AN ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' POLICY ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCES FOR FREE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kastens,   Terry L.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
This study evaluates the attitudes of U.S. (Kansas) farmers regarding "free-trade" and "free-market" policy environments.  In contrast to earlier studies, non-specific policy attitudes are evaluated.  A direct measure of farm program benefits is also included.  Attitudes vary significantly with farm and operator characteristics.  Support for free trade was shown to decrease with education and experience, to increase for farms with relatively more rented land, and to increase as total farm wealth increased.  Support for free-trade was also higher for crop farms.  Farms receiving more government payments are less likely to favor a free-trade policy environment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Producer attitudes; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15186

Trade-Related Policy and Canadian-U.S. Fed Cattle Transactions Basis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schulz,   Lee L.; Schroeder,   Ted C.; Ward,   Clement E.
Price differences among fed cattle prices in Canada and the United States (referred to here as fed cattle basis) are important for Canadian cattle feeders, but changing government regulations in Canada and the United States have made basis more variable. This article uses transaction data from Canadian feedlots to quantify fed cattle price differentials in light of new policy initiatives. Using transaction prices, we find that differing slaughter regulations, labeling laws, and policies affecting access to U.S. markets for Canadian cattle affect fed cattle basis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Basis; Canada; Cattle prices; Government policy; International trade; Market access; Transaction prices; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117174

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in the Philippines: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangabat,   Minda C.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Philippines. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, and corn, at the national level and the farm level. The analysis includes ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; International trade; Rice; Zea Mays; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32689

International Trade Liberalization Impact on the U.S. Peanut Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carley,   Dale H.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The acceptance of the NAFTA and GATT trade agreements will impact the U.S. peanut industry. This paper examines trade distorting policies and evaluates the effects of trade liberalization on peanut producers, shellers, manufactures, and U.S. consumers of peanut products. Decreasing marketing quotas and support prices are expected to reduce gross income peanut farmers, revenues to local governments, and tax bases in rural communities. Reduced peanut production would impact buyers/shellers through greater price variability and risk, changes in marketing methods and contractual relationships, and increased emphasis on buying high quality peanuts. Manufactures will have additional sources for peanut supplies. Consumers’ savings from decreases in raw peanuts...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Peanut industry; Peanut production; Peanut consumption; International trade; NAFTA; GATT; Trade liberalization; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62330

LIMITAÇÕES LOGÍSTICAS PARA EXPORTAÇÃO: O CASO DOS PRODUTOS LÁCTEOS BRASILEIROS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rezende,   Adriano Abreu; Santos,   Antonio Carlos dos.
O propósito desta pesquisa é avaliar a estrutura do agribusiness do leite no Brasil, identificando as principais limitações logísticas para exportação. Especificamente pretende identificar as principais empresas exportadoras de produtos lácteos, os produtos mais exportados e os países de destino; relatar as maneiras mais freqüentes de inserção dos produtos no mercado externo; e mencionar as estruturas físicas utilizadas pelas empresas para realizarem suas exportações, avaliando suas vantagens e limitações. A presente pesquisa é qualitativa e de natureza exploratória. Como resultado constatou-se que o leite em pó é o produto mais exportado (em volume) seguido do leite condensado; entre os continentes principais importadores de lácteos brasileiros, a África...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio Internacional; Logística; Derivados Lácteos; International trade; Logistics; Dairy products; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109650

Impactos da crise financeira internacional e da influenza A sobre as exportações brasileiras de carne suína
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Marcelo Dias Paes; Sousa,   Lucas Oliveira de; Mattos,   Leonardo Bornacki de; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
The Brazilian pork exports have been affected by several shocks on the 2000s. This paper aimed to analyze these shocks. The focus of this papers are the main international shocks on the last years: the international economics crisis and de influenza A (H1N1). Analyses were made over the main Brazilian pork exports destinations: Russia and Hong Kong. The theory of international trade was used as a theoretical framework and analysis of intervention provided methodological support. The results show that the quantum exported to Russia has not been affected by the recent shocks. However the prices was negatively affected by crisis in the short term. The quantum exported and the exports prices to Hong Kong have been negatively affected by crisis in the short...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International shocks; International trade; Intervention analyses; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114184

Path Interdependence Among Early and Late Bloomers in a Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaitan,   Beatriz; Roe,   Terry L.
The closed economy neoclassical growth model predicts convergence to a capital stock level that is independent of its initial level, suggesting that discrepancies in per capita income among the world’s economies should largely disappear in the long-run. This paper shows that international trade among countries differing only in their level of initial capital is sufficient to generate long-run income differences across countries. The long-run level of capital of the country most initially endowed with capital is shown to exceed the level of capital otherwise obtained in autarchy while the country least endowed converges to a capital stock lower than would otherwise be obtained in autarchy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International trade; Development; Multiple Equilibria; International Relations/Trade; O41; F43; F11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7183

Evaluation of the potential interest of Italian retail distribution chains for Kamut-based products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canavari,   Maurizio; Lombardi,   Pamela; Spadoni,   Roberta.
Kamut® is a registered trademark cereal (an organic crop) whose origins are much older; it has Egyptian origins and at the present time it is grown in different areas of the world (mainly in Montana and Canada), but considering the agronomic requirements of this crop, the tests in Thailand are the most reliable. Evaluation of the interest of retail distribution chains for Kamut-based products belongs to the researches regarding the evaluation of the quality food products trade. In this case, countries involved are Thailand, one of the most important producers, and Italy, one of the most important market of the EU. Qualitative analysis technique was the most appropriate tool. This survey consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews directed at Italian...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic products; Quality food products; International trade; Italian large scale retail; Qualitative analysis technique; Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7854

National Treatment and American Foreign Policy - The Evolution of National Treatment Approaches in International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kucherepa,   Peter.
The National Treatment Clause, Article 1102 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, protects foreign investors from discrimination, including expropriation of their investments. This national treatment approach - equal treatment of foreign investors and local investors by states - was developed to encourage investment in Europe after the Second World War. Over the course of fifty years, the approach has evolved to provide foreign investors with protections over and above those provided to domestic investors. This article discusses the evolution of national treatment approaches, from affording foreign investors equal treatment to ensuring new investment conditions in international trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Investment; NAFTA; National treatment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23821

EXPORTAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE MELÃO: UM ESTUDO DE SÉRIES TEMPORAIS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araujo,   Aracy Alves; Sousa,   Alexandre Gervasio; Santos,   Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos.
Este estudo apresenta uma análise da exportação brasileira de melões através da verificação das séries volume exportado, preço doméstico e taxa de câmbio utilizando a metodologia VAR, no período de janeiro de 1996 a março de 2007. As séries estudadas eram nãoestacionárias e, por isso optou-se pela utilização do conceito de co-integração. No entanto, o número de vetores de co-integração foi igual ao número de variáveis do modelo e por isso, utilizou-se o modelo Vetorial Auto Regressivo – VAR em nível. A decomposição da variância dos erros de previsão indicou que após choque não antecipado sobre as variáveis, a maior parte do seu comportamento ao longo do tempo continua sendo explicado pela própria variável.---------------------This study presents an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio internacional; Exportação de melão; VAR; International trade; Melons exportation; VAR; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107886

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF GROWTH IN REGIONAL TRADE: TRADE LIBERALIZATION OR RTA'S? THE CASE OF AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Roe,   Terry L.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This paper delves into the debate on the proliferation of regional trade arrangements by focusing on bilateral agricultural trade data over the 1962-1995 period for countries that currently are members of NAFTA, Mercosur, the EU and APEC.  Agricultural is chosen because it has historically been protected by developed and dis-protected by developing nations, while in the case of the EU, its Common Agricultural Policy was the major policy jointly managed and funded by member countries. We suggest that the literature has tended to focus on factors explaining the level of trade, and neglected factors affecting growth in trade. While neighborhood characteristics affect neighborhood trade, they also appear to affect the policy regimes of neighboring countries....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Regional trade arrangements; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14605

Welfare Impacts of BSE-Driven Trade Bans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutondo,   Joao E.; Brorsen,   B. Wade; Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari.
There is often a need to respond quickly to assess the likely implications of policy changes. Here, an equilibrium displacement model is adapted to study international bans on U.S. beef. An equilibrium displacement model offers a convenient way of quickly predicting the effects of supply and demand shocks. The equilibrium displacement model used here has an international sector, which allows the study of issues that past models with only a domestic sector could not. The estimated welfare loss of U.S. beef producers, due to both Japanese and South Korean bans after the discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States, is $565.31 million.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement; International trade; Meat; Trade ban; Welfare; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59236

Market Structure Impacts on Market Distortions from Domestic Subsidies: The U. S. Cotton Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.
This analysis uses a residual demand elasticity model to measure market power in the international cotton market. The results indicate that China exerts significant market power and affects cotton prices. Those results, combined with a partial equilibrium model of the international cotton market, are used to evaluate the welfare consequences of U.S. cotton subsidy policies for major cotton exporters under alternative assumptions about global market structure. The results indicate that the effects of U.S. subsidies on the world cotton price are much smaller under an imperfectly competitive international market than under a perfectly competitive market scenario; the former appears to be a realistic case.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Global market structure; International trade; U.S. cotton commodity programs; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98240

The trade-wage debate in a model with nontraded goods : making room for labor economists in labor theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
Cover title. "Revised March 1996"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-41).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Labor economics; Equilibrium (Economics) -- Models; Production economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97767

The Economics of Endangered Species Poaching
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Poaching; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K42; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37707

Impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on international trade in fruit and vegetables: A gravity model approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiemann,   Franziska; Fleming,   Euan M.; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.
Globalization results when markets become more integrated because of reduced transaction and transport costs. These costs have fallen because of sustained advances in transport technology and, more dramatically, in digital information and communication technology (ICT). Although communication costs tend to be a minor component of total trading costs, reductions in these costs may strongly stimulate international trade. The empirical evidence in support of this effect is, however, scant and its strength may depend on the composition of ICT and the nature of the product being traded. We test the hypothesis of an ICT effect on trade in bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and vegetables and fruit in general. We employ a gravity model of international trade between...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Information and communication technology (ICT); International trade; Fruit and vegetables; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123840

Creole Coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Roule,   Elizabeth D.
Creolé Coffee had just started to achieve regional and national success. However,recent volatility in the world coffee market resulted not only in price instabilities, but also created difficulty in procuring the high-quality product customers had grown to expect from Creolé. In examining this situation, Jim Brewer determined that the company must adapt their relationships with producers to ensure the availability of the quality and quantity of coffee needed to produce the premium blends consumers now associate with Creolé. In turn this would allow the company to provide consumers with a high quality product at a stable price.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Vertical coordination; Strategic alliances; Risk management; International trade; Commodity procurement.; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8119

A Preliminary Study of the International Marketing of Shrimp
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castellini,   Alessandra; Ragazzoni,   Alessandro; Valentini,   T.
This paper aims to supply a comprehensive account of a particular sector of the fisheries industry.  TH increase of demand for fish products has involved an uncontrolled exploitation of marine reserves and fishing has reached its threshold of biological sustainability.  For these reasons, aquaculture has grown in a corresponding manner in the recent past.  The present survey starts from these considerations and aims to describe the general situation of world-wide, European and Italian aquaculture and then to examine the farming and marketing of a particular kind of product, Penaeus spp., which significantly affects global production in terms of value but not of quantity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture and Fishery; Shrimp farming; International trade; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q13; Q17; Q22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56077

The Impact of Historical and Regional Networks on Trade Volumes within the Western Hemisphere:  A Gravity Analysis across Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandberg,   H. Mikael; Seale,   James L., Jr.
This paper identifies and analyzes the effects of existing trade networks on bilateral trade volumes in the Western Hemisphere by applying the gravity model of international trade to two data-sets, one encompassing bilateral trade volumes of agricultural products and one encompassing bilateral trade volumes of manufactured goods.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity models; History; Regional trade agreements.; International Relations/Trade; F1 (International trade); F15 (Economic integration); F54 (Post-colonialism); F55 (International institutional arrangements).
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120071

Food quality and product export performance. An empirical investigation of the EU situation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian.
The relationship between product quality (as indicated by unit value) and export performance, both measured in absolute (per capita) and relative terms, is investigated.  Five EU countries (DE, UK, FR, ES, IT), three product categories (cheese, meat preparations and wine), three export destinations (intra EU, extra EU and world) and two time periods (1995-1999 and 2000-201) are analysed.  The estimation results show that the connection between quality and export performance is positive for Italy, Spain and France but depends on the product category (but not on the period), and differs (but not in all cases) according to the export destination.  While the signs of the estimated slope coefficients are stable, the obtained statistical significance levels for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality; International trade; EU.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7877

Regionalism vs. Multilateralism: assessing the impact of free trade agreements between EU and Asian Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Mitaritonna,   Cristina; Salvatici,   Luca; Santuccio,   Federica.
In 2006 the EU decided to abandon its moratorium on negotiating new free trade agreements. Since then, numerous negotiations have been started. In particular, the EU joined in the scramble for preferential market access in Asia, starting bilateral negotiations both with individual countries, as in the case of India and South Korea, and with regional subgroupings, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).   In this paper, we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the effects of the possible agreements between the EU and the Asian countries. We want to evaluate the impact of the free trade agreements by themselves, their mutual compatibility as well as their relations with the larger agenda of multilateral trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Protection; Commercial policy; GTAP model; International trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; Q17; F17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115420

Australia's Economic Policies in an Era of Globalisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines changes in Australian economic policies that have occurred in recent decades in response to growing economic globalisation.  It considers microeconomic reforms in Australia and changes to its industry policy (including important changes in national competition policy) its financial reforms (exchange rate and banking reforms), its liberalisation of international trade and of foreign investment, both inward and outward.  Furthermore, particular consideration is given to Australia’s policies and its lobbying in relation to The World Trade Organisation (WTO), economic regionalism, and bilateralism.  These policies provide further insights into the way that Australia has responded to growing economic globalisation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Industry policy; Financial reforms; International trade; Foreign investment; Financial Economics; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90534

Technical Barrier Effects of a Food Safety Measure – a Case of Finnish Salmonella Control Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jyrki S.; Peltola,   Jukka; Simola,   Antti.
In this paper, indirect costs of Finnish Salmonella Control Program (FSCP) due to its trade effects are evaluated. FSCP is a part of Finnish biosecurity policies intended to shield Finnish food supply and consumption chain from salmonella outbreaks. The program directly increases costs of importing by e.g. requiring costly certificates for imports. Additionally, it may cause anxiety to suppliers of imports as there are added uncertainties in the import process. As similar requirements apply to domestic suppliers, the program should not be thought of as a technical trade barrier (TBT), however, it may affect trade flows indirectly and effects may be assessed in a similar manner as those of TBT’s. The evaluation of the trade effects is performed using a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Biosecurity; Welfare analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43953

Front Materials
Provedor de dados: 31
Front Cover, Title Page, Foreword, Contents Page
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; International trade; Macroeconomic linkages; Models; Policy modeling; Trade modeling; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50646

A expansão da União Européia em 2004 e seus impactos no agronegócio brasileiro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Samuel Jose de Magalhaes; Ferreira Filho,   Joaquim Bento de Souza.
International trade has acquired increasing importance for the Brazilian economy, especially for agribusiness. In this way, understanding other countries policies that affects international trade and its impacts in this country is equally important. The European Union (EU) is one of the most important Brazilian trade partners and it is known by strong interference on its agricultural sector. The recent European enlargement and the last Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reform have been studied at different regions of the World but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of this on Brazilian rural sectors. This paper aims to assess the impacts of the 2004 EU enlargement on Brazilian agribusiness using the general equilibrium model Global Trade...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International economics; International trade; General equilibrium; Economic integration.; Political Economy; F11; F15; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61192

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE FTAA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Paper presented at the 24th West Indies Agricultural Economics Conference, Granada, July 19-12, 2002.  Environmental issues have become important in trade agreement negotiations.  NAFTA explicitly includes environmental provisions and they are affecting ongoing WTO and FTAA negotiations.  The final role of the environment in the FTAA is uncertain, given opposition by most of the members.  The draft FTAA agreement does not contain a separate section on the environment, but a U.S. position paper indicates that environmental provisions are important and that U.S. negotiators will seek to incorporate environmental concerns into specific chapters such those on investment and agriculture.   The large number and varied economic and environmental conditions of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Trade agreements; Agricultural trade; Environment; Trade and environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F15; F18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19107

Uso de defensivos agrícolas, limites máximos de resíduos e impacto no comércio internacional: estudo de caso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fermam,   Ricardo Kropf Santos; Antunes,   Adelaide Maria de Souza.
Pesticides play an important role in agriculture, prevent loses by pests which destroy cultures and causes several damages to producers and to exporting countries of agriculture products. However, pesticides leave residues where they are used. A parameter used for residue quantification is known Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). This parameter is the most important, not only in terms of public health, but mainly international trade, causing many impacts that can represent, in some cases, barriers to trade between countries, especially when established values for a country differ from those established by international organizations. The present Article show how this parameter impacts agriculture products´ trade of developing countries, based on case study.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pesticides; Residue; MRL; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56853

SUPPLY-SIDE RISKS AND MALTING BARLEY PROCUREMENT AND STORAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Nganje,   William E.
U.S. production of six-rowed malting barley has declined sharply over the last several years.  Further, the quality of U.S. malting barley has suffered repeatedly due to disease. This has left the U.S. malting industry dependent on a single-desk seller of malting barley, the Canadian Wheat Board. In this paper, we develop a discrete stochastic programming model to analyze the procurement and storage decisions of the U.S. malting industry. We employ the model to investigate the impact that various sources of risk have on the industry's reliance on imported barley. The results indicate strategies that mitigate dependence on imports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Barley; Discrete stochastic programming; Risk; International trade; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36367

Factors Constraining Efficiency of Russian Corporate Farms: The Case of the Moscow Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockmann,   Heinrich; Svetlov,   Nikolai M.
A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. Price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The estimates provide that the EU absorbs price fluctuations form the word market. Interestingly, changes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy market; International trade; Market integration; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis; F15; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25439

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH IN CHANGING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM: THE ROLE OF ITALY;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bagnara,   Gian Luca; Bagnara,   Domenico.
This paper is concerned with the evolution of the agricultural system and its consequences for the international research.  In particular, the gradual liberalization of international markets, the changing in consumer’s preferences in western countries, the increasing in concentration in food distribution and industry, and the economic and demographic problems of developing countries are affecting the demand and supply of agricultural and food products.  Consequently, also the agricultural research has to follow or, even better, to anticipate the changings in order to answer to the different and new demand of technology and information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Demand of technology; Developing countries; Developed countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14455

Gravity Approach for Exploring Baltic Sea Regional Integration in the Field of International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paas,   Tiiu.
The paper is inviting a reader to think to what extent we can use the knowledge resulting from laws of nature for exploring economic processes. In order to look for the answers on this question, the paper is going to explore international trade flows between the Baltic Sea region countries using a gravity approach. Attention is paid to analyzing forces that attract foreign trade flows and to exploring the influence of distance as an indicator that expresses both transportation costs and cultural proximity of the countries. The results of modeling support the statement that the size of economy has statistically significant and positive influence on the bilateral trade relations of the region. The influence of economic development level that is expressed by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity models; Baltic Sea region; International Relations/Trade; F10; C10.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26379

A Study of the Spanish‐Chinese Export‐Import Pork Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ji,   Chen; Pena,   Sara; Briz,   Julian; de Felipe,   Isabel.
China opened its pork import market to Spain in 2007. With this background, we introduce the concept of the Spanish‐Chinese Export‐Import pork chain. An explorative study based on the interview of 22 Spanish meat companies and two experts from meat exporting promotion institutions is conducted. The study gives an example and evidence to international chain management studies. It identifies the main problems of the chain and generates conclusions accordingly, as a first step for the Spanish pork industries to develop market strategies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spanish‐Chinese pork chain; International chain management; International trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100512

Regional Integration and International Trade in the Context of EU Eastward Enlargement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paas,   Tiiu.
The paper aims to explore international trade flows of the countries involved in the EU eastward enlargement processes - the current EU members (EU15) and the candidate countries (CC12). The empirical results of the study allow us to conclude that the behaviour of bilateral trade flows within the countries involved in EU eastward enlargement accords to the normal rules of gravitation, having statistically significant spatial biases caused by the trade relations, between the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) countries (the BSR bias), the border countries (the border bias) and the EU member and candidate countries (the East-West bias). The East-West trade relations are still rather weakly developed and there is a statistically significant difference in international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; The Baltic Sea Region; Integration; International trade; Gravity models; International Relations/Trade; F15; C5; R15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26223

Vantagens comparativas reveladas e orientação regional das exportações agrícolas brasileiras para a União Européia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waquil,   Paulo Dabdab; Alvim,   Augusto Mussi; Silva,   Leonardo Xavier da; Trapp,   Glaucilene P.
The paper analyses the Brazilian agricultural trade with the European Union (EU), in the context of the negotiations for a commercial agreement between Mercosur and the EU. We calculate indexes of revealed comparative advantages (RCA) and regional orientation (RO), for the period from 1991 to 2001. We selected the following products: soybeans, orange juice, tobacco, chicken meat, bovine meat, sugar and coffee. Altogether, these products corresponded to more than 20% of total Brazilian exports in that period. The products that show the highest Brazilian participation in world trade are soybeans, orange juice and coffee. Except for sugar, all the analyzed products had the EU as an important destiny for the exports. The results indicate comparative advantages...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regional integration; International trade; Comparative advantages; Agriculture; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56793

Índice de desenvolvimento do setor externo sucroalcooleiro brasileiro: uma análise de 1999 a 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardoso,   Rubiane Daniele; Rodrigues,   Katia Fabiane; Dahmer,   Vanessa de Souza; Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis.
This research aimed to evaluate the performance of the external sector in the Brazilian sugar and ethanol industry from 1999 to 2007. Were used two indicators of international trade, the Openness Index (Oi) and External Sector Development Index (SXi). As a corollary, it was found that the degree of openness of trade, in the period, had intermediate levels. The sugar and ethanol industry had several years in high vulnerability, instead, the analysis showed that the industry is looking for a greater presence in international trade, considering that showed an increasing trend in trade volume.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Brazilian sugar and ethanol; Performance indices; International trade; Brazil; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94838

Genetically Modified Food and International Trade: The Case of India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Bouet,   Antoine; Mevel,   Simon.
Genetically modified (GM) food crops have the potential to raise agricultural productivity in Asian countries, but they are also associated with the risk of market access losses in sensitive importing countries. We study the potential effects of introducing GM food crops in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the presence of trade-related regulations of GM food in major importers. We focus on GM field crops (rice, wheat, maize, soybeans, and cotton) resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought-resistant rice, and use a multi-country, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model. We build on previous international simulation models by improving the representation of the productivity shocks associated with GM crops, and by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; International trade; Segregation; Asia; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42359

International Quota Transfer and Intermediate Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldanondo,   Ana Maria; Puertolas,   Javier.
In this paper we use a general equilibrium model to examine the effects of international quota transfer when a quota restricts world commodity production whilst the trade in an intermediate good is not regulated. The analysis shows that, when the quota regime is not internationally transferable, intermediate input trade substitutes for final good trade. In these circumstances, the distortions are lower than expected. International quota transfer increases world welfare proportionally to quota rent gap. Welfare distribution is also conditioned by commodity terms of trade and, particularly, by the outcome of the intermediate good price.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production quota; International trade; Intermediate goods; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24851

Modelling Risks in the Salmon Industry and Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asheim,   Leif Jarle; Lien,   Gudbrand D.; Richardson,   James W.; Tveteras,   Ragnar; Veggeland,   Frode.
The paper proposes developing a trade model for salmon to assist in discussions and negotiations of current international salmon trade issues and major risk problems facing the salmon industry.  Two modeling approaches are discussed: 1) developing a traditional equilibrium trade programming model designed to maximize total welfare across all model regions by solving for a medium-term price that balances the amount of salmon supplied by the world region to the among processed and consumed by this region; and 2) developing an econometric stochastic simulation model based on linear or non-linear equations.  Some disadvantages and weaknesses of the programming model are discussed, whereas the econometric model needs further exploration and consideration.  The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risks; Salmon; Programming model; Econometric model; International trade; Livestock Production/Industries; C60; C50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56000

HOPES AND FEARS: THE NEW WORLD TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.
Understanding the impacts of the Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on southern commodities serves as a starting point to assess the potential impacts of the next global trade negotiations in terms of hope (expanding export markets) and fear (new competition).  Key issues examined include whether or not the UR Agreement resulted in new markets or new competition for key southern commodities-cotton, poultry, tobacco, and rice.  For new markets, export data were analyzed to determine if exports increased since the passage of the UR Agreement in 1994.  Also, countries that are leading world importers of these southern commodities were identified and data analyzed to determine whether the U.S. is exporting to these top markets.  Alternatively, to assess whether the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Cotton; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); International trade; Poultry; Rice; The South; Tobacco; Uruguay Round Agreements; World Trade Organization (WTO); International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15367

Information Asymmetry and the Problem of Transfers in Trade Negotiations and International Agencies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamada,   Koichi; Sunder,   Shyam.
This paper studies the role of transfers among groups within a country as well as among countries in a two level game of international trade negotiations. We show that in order to realize the intended transfer in the presence of asymmetric information on the states of recipients (and donors), a transfer process uses up additional resources. The difficulty of making transfers renders it less likely that a nation would find it individually rational to participate as a member of an international institution. Costly transfers render the internal and international adjustment difficult, and serve as a barrier to trade liberalization. Costly international transfers harden the resistance against trade liberalization in the (potentially) recipient country and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tariff negotiation; Asymmetric information; Transfer; WTO; Common agency; Two-level game; International Relations/Trade; O82; F13; H21; H71; H77.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28490

Drivers of Demand for Imported Horticultural Commodities: A Cross-Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rickard,   Bradley J.; St. Pierre,   Christine M.; Becker,   Gabriel M.
International trade of horticultural commodities is increasingly important in many regions of the world, yet relatively little research has studied import patterns of key horticultural crops. Using data between 1991 and 2005, we find that import demand for horticultural commodities in developed countries has been driven primarily by prices and the level of trade openness while income and diet considerations were more important in emerging countries. Furthermore, our results show that the determinants of import demand differed across the selected crops, and therefore information can be lost if data for horticultural commodities are aggregated.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Emerging markets; Horticultural commodities; Import demand; International trade; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q10; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53749

Indirect Effects of Eco-labelling of agricultural products on Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prosperi,   Maurizio; Viscecchia,   Rosaria.
The implementation of eco-labelling schemes for agricultural and food products may represent an opportunity to enhance production technologies compatible with the sustainable economic approach. The paper presents an attempt to design a comprehensive methodological framework in which the consumer behaviour change is the driving force for redirecting the market, the production, and the international trade. This approach focuses on the specification of the most relevant variables necessary to implement a simplified, but comprehensive analysis, from which it is possible to proceeding to a broad estimate of the changes in terms of consumption patterns, revenue distribution, import and export, and natural resources consumption. On a theoretical basis, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental labelling; Natural resources conservation; International trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7868

OPTIMAL AGRICULTURAL LAND PRICING POLICIES UNDER MULTIPLE EXTERNALITIES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Agriculture has recently been noted as a provider of non-market environmental benefits in addition to its traditional recognition as a source of negative externalities from polluting inputs.  In this paper, a general equilibrium framework is used to determine optimal land subsidies and input taxes in agriculture.  When agriculture generates both amenities and pollution, the optimal subsidy does not equal the net extra-market value of agricultural land.  If opened to international trade, a small economy will fully correct externalities, while large economies have an incentive to set policies at non-internalizing levels to exploit terms-of-trade effects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Externalities; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21613

THE INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF BILATERAL AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
The paper investigates the effects of the institutional determinants on trade in agricultural and food products among the OECD countries using a gravity model approach. We focus on the impact of the quality of governance and the similarity of institutions in explaining variation in bilateral agricultural and food trade patterns. Results confirmed the separate effects for the institutional similarity and the institutional quality on trade patterns. The institutional similarity has positive and significant impact on trade in a similar institutional framework for agricultural, but less for food products. The institutional quality has significant positive impact on trade in both agricultural and food products for importing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Institutions; International trade; Gravity model; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53543

Effects of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Policies: The Role of International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; Lee,   Heng-Chi; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Chen,   Chi-Chung.
The Kyoto Protocol represents the first international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Proposed mitigation efforts may involve the agricultural sector through such options as planting trees, crop and livestock management changes, and biofuels production. The combined use of these strategies could substantially reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. However, countries where the Protocol imposes emissions caps have expressed concern about their competitiveness with countries that are not part of the Kyoto Protocol. In a free-trade arena, food production and exports in unregulated countries could increase and reduce market share for the producers in complying countries. We examine the effects of differential Protocol...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Sector Model; Crop exports; Food production; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; International trade; Kyoto Protocol; Leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18366

Effects of the Free Trade Area of the Americas on Forest Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turner,   James A.; Buongiorno,   Joseph; Zhu,   Shushuai.
The effects of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on the forest sectors and resources of member countries are investigated. A model of wood supply within the spatial partial-equilibrium Global Forest Products Model is developed to link international trade and deforestation. The direct effects of tariff changes and the indirect effects of income changes induced by trade liberalization are considered. The FTAA has a small positive impact on the region's forest resources. Higher harvests of industrial roundwood in most countries are offset by increased afforestation due to the income effect of trade liberalization (captured by the environmental Kuznets curve).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; International trade; Forest resources; Forest sector trade model; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10197

GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROP INNOVATIONS AND PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: TRADE AND WELFARE EFFECTS IN THE SOYBEAN COMPLEX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobolevsky,   Andrei; Moschini,   GianCarlo; Lapan,   Harvey E.
We develop a new partial equilibrium, four-region world trade model for the soybean complex comprising soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal. In the model, some consumers view genetically modified Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and products as weakly inferior to conventional ones; the RR seed is patented and sold worldwide by a U.S. firm; and producers employ a costly segregation technology to separate conventional and biotech products in the supply chain. The calibrated model is solved for equilibrium prices, quantities, production patterns, trade flows, and welfare changes under different assumptions regarding regional government's production and trade policies, differentiated consumer tastes, and several other demand and supply parameters. Incomplete...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Differentiated demand; Food labeling; Genetically modified products; Identity preservation; Innovations; Intellectual property rights; International trade; Loan deficiency payments; Market failure; Monopoly; Roundup Ready soybeans; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18348

A Club No More - The WTO after Doha
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Since its inception the GATT, and subsequently the WTO, has been able to operate in a fashion that is more consistent with a club than an inclusive organization that encouraged the active participation of all its members. The WTO Ministerial Meeting in Doha in November 2001 appears to have been a watershed in how the organization functions, and the club model may no longer be appropriate. While it is not yet clear what will replace the previous model, it is apparent that decision making will be much more diffused and the interests of a much broader spectrum of member countries taken into account. The central question is whether or not the transformed organization can still serve the interests of those who were previously able to dominate the club–the major...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Club; Developing countries; Doha; International trade; Multilateral organization; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23909

Standards-as-Barriers versus Standards-as-Catalysts: Assessing the Impact of HACCP Implementation on U.S. Seafood Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anders,   Sven M.; Caswell,   Julie A.
The United States mandated a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety standard for seafood in 1997. Panel model results for the period 1990 to 2004 suggest that HACCP introduction had a negative and significant impact on overall seafood imports from the top 33 suppliers. While the effect for developed countries was positive, the negative HACCP effect for developing countries supports the view of “standards-as-barriers” versus ”standards-as-catalysts.” When the effect is analyzed at an individual country level a different perspective emerges. Regardless of development status, leading seafood exporters generally gained sales volume with the U.S., while most other smaller trading partners faced losses or stagnant sales.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food standards; International trade; Developed and developing countries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Q18; F14; L51.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7386

Tariff Liberalization, Wood Trade Flows, and Global Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Simpson,   R. David.
This paper examines the question of the likely effects on global forests of a further reduction in wood products tariffs including both solid wood products and pulp and paper, as has been proposed to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). The tariff reductions would be an extension of the tariff reductions associated with the Uruguay Round (Federal Register 1999). The questions include both how international trade is likely to change in response to further tariff reduction and also the implications for timber harvests and forests generally of such trade liberalization in the various forest regions. The paper finds that the evidence suggests further reductions in tariffs on forest products are likely to generate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tariffs; Forest; Forest products; World Trade Organization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; F21; F13; Q23.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10557

Price Dynamics in International Wheat Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schroeder,   Ted C.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
Vector autoregressions are used to evaluate dynamic relationships among prices in six important international wheat markets. The effects of freight rates and exchange rates are also considered. The results indicate that Canada is the dominant market, supporting views that Canada is an oligopolistic price leader.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Vector autoregressions; Wheat markets; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118178

Market opportunities for African agriculture: a general equilibrium examination of demand-side constraints on agricultural growth in East and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Dorosh,   Paul A.; Rahman,   Shaikh Mahfuzur.
In today’s more integrated world economy, agricultural growth in Africa depends not only on raising productivity and increasing production, but on increasing the competitiveness of African agriculture in the global market and expanding its market opportunities within Africa. Unless demand increases, African agriculture cannot grow at a rate sufficient to reduce poverty and hunger to any substantial degree. The accelerated economic growth in Africa in recent years might offer increased opportunities for agriculture from domestic demand. This research report focuses on demand-side constraints on African agricultural growth and their implications for three broad agricultural development strategies: promoting traditional exports, developing nontraditional...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; International trade; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37877

Comércio e integração dos estados brasileiros
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Fernanda Maria de; Silva,   Orlando Monteiro da.
Given that in Brazil there is a significant asymmetry in production and trade among states, this study had as objective to measure the border effect to the intranational and international trade, using it as an indicator of the degree of integration. Such effect measures the bias to the internal trade of a country or state, in comparison to the external trade. A gravity model, including different dummy variables was used as methodology for this study. Results showed that intra-state trade in Brazil was 32 and 96 times larger than interstate and international trade, respectively. Interstate trade, was shown to be around 34 times larger than international trade. The border effect calculated to each state trading to other states, and to the rest of the world,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Border effect; Gravity model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54139

O COMPLEXO AGROINDUSTRIAL DA SOJA NO BRASIL E NO PARANÁ: EXPORTAÇÕES E COMPETITIVIDADE NO PERÍODO 1990 A 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caldarelli,   Carlos Eduardo; Camara,   Marcia Regina Gabardo da; Sereia,   Vanderlei Jose.
This article analyzes the exportation of soy, and other derived products, in Brazil and in Paraná state, from 1990 to 2007. The methodological procedures consist of identification of the most representative products of the chain - the soy in grain, the soy bran and soy oil, and analysis of the results using the Constant Market-Share (CMS) model. The sources of the growth in exportations were divided into four components: the growth of world-wide commerce, definition of the exportation guideline, destination of the exported products and the competitiveness effects. In the period studied, the soy complex as a whole diversified its commercial partners due to a decrease in the concentration of the Brazilian and paranaense exportations. However, a concentration...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agro-industrial complex soy; International trade; Constant Market-share model (CMS); Competitiveness; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62150

Tariff Escalation and Invasive Species Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tu,   Anh Thuy; Beghin,   John C.; Gozlan,   Estelle.
We investigate the interface between trade and invasive species (IS) risk, focusing on the existing tariff escalation in agro-forestry product markets and its implication for IS risk. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows toward increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. We show that reducing tariff escalation by lowering the tariff on processed goods increases allocative efficiency and reduces the IS externality, a win-win situation. We also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods, leading to win-win situations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agro-forestry products; Exotic pest; International trade; Invasive species; Tariff escalation; Trade flows; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18377

Noncompetitive Pricing and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Mauritanian Octopus Export Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.; Zapata,   Hector O.; Diop,   Hamady.
Octopus exports are an important source of foreign exchange for Mauritania. The export market has historically been dominated by coordinated Japanese buyers, a situation that led Mauritania to create the Societe Mauritanienne de Commercialisation de Poisson (SMCP) to negotiate with buyers and manage all octopus exports. Issues concerning competitiveness, price discrimination, and exchange rate pass-through in the Mauritanian octopus export market corrected for contemporaneous and serial correlation. Results indicate some degree of price discrimination across destination markets, market share enhancement through local currency price stabilization, and increases in marginal costs of production following nationalization of the Mauritanian trawler fleet. Thus,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Exchange rates; Imperfect competition; Octopus fisheries; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90407

POLITICAL ECONOMY DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
Political economy determinants of questionable technical barriers applied to U.S. agricultural exports are evaluated using PROBIT and Poisson regression techniques.  Results indicate the incidence of such barriers can increase when domestic agriculture is large relative to consumption, when producers are less competitive in international markets, and when the anticipated future level of protection through other forms of government intervention decreases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Technical barriers; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21499

Welfare Impacts of the Mexico Potato Quarantine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Molina,   Ignacio; Hussein,   Osman.
Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) tariffs on U.S. potato imports to Mexico were phased out by 1993. Citing phytosanitary issues, in 1996, the Mexican government placed quantitative restrictions on U.S. potato imports and restricted their import only to designated border areas. This article estimates the welfare cost of restricting U.S. potato imports into Mexico. We find that removing trade restrictions may lead to over 1.8 million tons of new imports into Mexico, a gain of consumer surplus of 4.0 billion pesos per year, and a loss of 2.9 billion pesos of producer surplus.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Non-tariff barriers; Potatoes; Quarantine; Sanitary and phytosanitary barriers; Welfare loss; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; L13; Q13; Q17; C35.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56661

EU Trade Policies: Benchmarking Protection in a General Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Salvatici,   Luca.
This paper deals with the EU's trade policy with two objectives: on the one hand, we study the performance of EU's preferential agreements in granting their partners improved market access; on the other hand, we assess the extent to which domestic sectors are effectively protected.  As far as the first objective is concerned, we construct bilateral indicators of protection based on the applied tariffs faced by each exporter.  In order to do this, an index of trade policy restrictiveness is computed, using the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index as the tariff aggregator.  We also analyze the protection granted to each sector by the existing tariff structure.  In this report, we compute effective rates of protection that overcome the well-known...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Protection; Commercial policy; GTAP model; International trade; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; F17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18856

The Role of Science in Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Member nations of the World Trade Organization are permitted to develop regulations that might restrict trade if they do so for the purpose of protecting human, animal or plant life or health. The regulations, under both the Sanitary/Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade agreements, must be based on science, be non-discriminatory and be the least-trade-restrictive alternative. Uncertainty, a lack of adequate scientific evidence and differing interpretations have led to disputes about regulations applied by particular countries. If consultations cannot resolve the issues, dispute settlement panels and an appellate body adjudicate them; in these forums, scientific knowledge, studies and testimony by scientists play key roles.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dispute settlement; International trade; Precautionary principle; Sanitary/phytosanitary provisions; Technical barriers to trade; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23820

The Benefits and Costs of Proliferation of Geographical Labeling for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anders,   Sven M.; Caswell,   Julie A.
Food product attributes related to geographical origins are a topical issue in global food trade. The provision of geographical labeling may occur through geographical indications under the mandated trade rules of the TRIPS Agreement, through trademarks, or through country-of-origin labeling. The overall effect of the expansion of geographical labeling on developing countries depends on a complex mix of market opportunities that may yield substantial benefits as well as implementation costs. Increasingly, the analysis of this overall effect will need to evaluate the joint impacts of different forms of geographical labeling on the market position of developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Geographical labeling; International trade; TRIPS; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48794

O Sentido da Reprimarização da Pauta Exportadora: uma interpretação à luz de Celso Furtado, Caio Prado Jr. e Francisco de Oliveira
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nascimento,   Carlos Alves; Cardozo,   Soraia Aparecida; Nascimento,   Katiucy Lemes.
O artigo objetiva contribuir com o debate sobre a hipótese de reprimarização da pauta exportadora brasileira, integrando na discussão todo o Balanço de Transações Correntes.  Isso é preciso para nos ajudar a entender que pensadores como Celso Furtado, Caio Prado Jr. e Francisco de Oliveira já apontavam, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, para o sentido estrutural da atual reprimarização.----------------------The paper aims to contribute towards the debate about the hypothesis of reprimarization of the Brazilian exports goods, integrating in the argument all the Current Account.  That is necessary for help us to understand that thinkers as Celso Furtado, Caio Prado Jr. and Francisco de Oliveira already aimed, in the decades of 1960 and 1970, for the structural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Reprimarização; Comércio internacional; Transações correntes; Reprimarization; International trade; Current Account; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108520

The Benefits and Costs of Proliferation of Geographical Labelling for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anders,   Sven M.; Caswell,   Julie A.
Food product attributes related to geographical origins are a topical issue in global food trade. The provision of geographical labelling may occur through geographical indications under the mandated trade rules of the TRIPS Agreement, trademarks, or country-of-origin labelling. The overall effect of the expansion of geographical labelling on developing countries depends on a complex mix of market opportunities that may yield substantial benefits as well as implementation costs. Increasingly, the analysis of this overall effect will need to evaluate the joint impacts of different forms of geographical labelling on the market position of developing countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Geographical labelling; International trade; TRIPS; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F13; Q13; O19.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42130

Global Welfare Impacts of U.S. Meat Promotion Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari; Mutondo,   Joao E.; Brorsen,   B. Wade.
An equilibrium displacement model of the U.S. meat markets is used to measure the potential impacts of promotion investment, differentiating meats by types and by supply source, taking into account the U.S. participation in global meat markets, and considering imperfect competition in the meat industry. The increase in U.S. producer welfare resulting from a 10 percent increase in promotion ranges from -$1.29 million to $2.60 million for U.S. beef producers and from -$0.96 million to $1.67 million for U.S. pork producers, depending primarily on the advertising elasticity used.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement model; International trade; Beef and pork promotion activities; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59256

Consumer Demand for Quality: Major Determinant for Agricultural and Food Trade in the Future?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.; Joseph,   Siny.
The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand has a strong effect on agricultural and food trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food quality; Food safety; Consumer demand; Willingness to pay; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; L15; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7390

ALBERTA AND THE EU-27: PAST TRADE RELATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emter,   Nicholas A.; Mirus,   Rolf.
Canada and the EU-27 are negotiating a comprehensive economic partnership agreement against the backdrop of the stalled multilateral negotiations under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The new agreement is expected to stimulate trade, investment, and technology transfer between the two partners. This report provides a review of the last 15 years of Alberta’s experience in exporting goods to the EU-27, with the goal of gaining insights into how freer trade could affect future exports to the region. First, we summarize the state of bilateral economic relations between the prospective partners, relying in part on a study jointly sponsored by the EU and the Government of Canada. The second part focuses on the exports to the EU from Alberta...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canada; EU; International trade; Trade; Imports; Exports; Commercial services exports; Merchandise exports; Commercial services imports; Merchandise imports; Manufactured goods; Commodities; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60403

Developing Country Trade: Implications of China’s Changing Trade and Competitiveness in Intensive and Extensive Margin Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somwaru,   Agapi; Tuan,   Francis C.; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Diao,   Xinshen; Hansen,   James M.
This paper delves into China’s differential growths in trade flows with high income and developing countries by focusing on bilateral content of trade data over the time period 1978-2005.  Unlike other studies, we account for end use of traded goods ranging from primary, intermediate, and finished goods because China’s policies impact all segments China’s trade flows. In the last 28 years, China has specialized in deficits in the upstream production segments (parts and components) and rapid diversification in consumption goods (extensive margin). While in the late 1970s China’s export and import growth on all goods with major high income countries is outstanding in the most recent years China’s trade growth with developing countries has taken the lead...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; International trade; Growth; Intensive; Extensive margins; Developing countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6239

The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Gil-Alana,   Luis A.
This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine.; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10049

THE DYNAMICS OF AGRI-FOOD TRADE PATTERNS - THE HUNGARIAN CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Hubbard,   Lionel J.
We analyse the evolving pattern of Hungary's agri-food trade using recently developed empirical procedures based on the classic Balassa index and its symmetric transformation. The extent of trade specialisation exhibits a declining trend; Hungary lost comparative advantage for a number of product groups over the 1990s. The indices of specialisation have also tended to converge. For particular product groups, the picture is mixed: indices are reasonably stable for product groups with comparative disadvantage, but those with weak to strong comparative advantage show significant variation. The results reinforce the finding of a general decrease in specialisation, but do not support the idea of self-reinforcing mechanisms, emphasised strongly in much of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Revealed comparative advantage; Hungary; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25851

A COMPARISON OF ANNUAL, QUARTERLY AND MONTHLY TURKEY EXPORT MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Structural time series models of turkey exports were estimated using monthly, quarterly and annual data.  The trend is statistically significant in all three models, seasonals are significant in the quarterly and monthly models.  Exchange rates, lagged prices, and lagged production were explanatory factors in the monthly model; exchange rates and prices in the quarterly model; but only the exchange rates in the annual model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Turkey exports; International trade; Structural time series; International Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19106

Development of a Partial Equilibrium Model of the EU Agriculture using Positivistic Mathematical Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yates,   C.M.; Rehman,   Tahir.
In order to respond to the current pressures on agriculture in the EU, the industry will have to go through fundamental structural change. Economic modelling provides the framework for understanding such changes. Mathematical programming is probably the most robust of all the modelling approaches notwithstanding several criticisms of the technique. Economists have long understood that profit maximisation is not the only objective of farmers. Although there are techniques to incorporate other objectives there does not exist a statistically rigorous method for estimating an appropriate objective functions. This problem also occurs at national and international levels of aggregation. This paper presents a new approach to modelling national and international...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Positivistic mathematical programming; Partial equilibrium; International trade; Policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24878

Outward-Orientation and Development: Are Revisionists Right?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.; Bhagwati,   Jagdish.
The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the auspices of OECD, NBER and World Bank. These studies played a critical role in shifting policies in several developing countries away from the IS strategy. Recently there has been a proliferation of cross country regressions as a methodology of analysis of issues relating to growth, trade and other issues. Both proponents (e.g. Sachs and Warner (1995)) and opponents (Rodriguez and Rodrik (1999)) of the view that openness to trade is linked to higher growth have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Economic development; Economic growth; International trade; Openness; Import substitution; Export promotion; Cross-country regressions; International Development; E13; F11; F14; F43; 041; 057.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28476

Unprotected Resources and Voracious World Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margolis,   Michael; Shogren,   Jason F.
The Theory of the Second Best implies that any country with less-than-ideal resources can lose from international trade. Recently it has been suggested this means the South (poor countries) are better off suppressing trade with the North, especially trade in natural resource products, since the North has better developed rights to protect its natural resources. Here we show that the suppression of such trade may also impede the development of property rights in the South, but that even taking this into account, trade liberalization need not improve Southern welfare. We find that within a cone of world prices on the boundary of which lies the South's autarky price vector, welfare losses still occur even when local governments in the South make optimal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Property rights; Natural resources; Environment; Second best; Institutional change; Development; International Relations/Trade; F02; F10; F18; K11; O10; O19.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10635

An analysis of trade related international regulations of genetically modified food and their effects on developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.
This paper reviews current trade-related regulations of genetically modified (GM) food and discusses their effects on developing countries. There is a large heterogeneity in current import approval and marketing policies of GM food worldwide. At the international level, the harmonization efforts are led by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the World Trade Organization. While internationally harmonized guidelines for safety approval have been finalized, we show that there is no clear consensus on labeling regulations for GM food, and there is an increasing risk of conflicts among international agreements. We analyze the GM food regulations of two large rich importers, Japan and the European Union (EU) and discuss...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; Developing countries; Biotechnology; Biosafety; Trade regulation; Labeling; International trade; Tariff; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55422

TECHNOLOGICAL SPILLOVERS -- THE ARGUMENT FOR TRADE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Czap,   Hans J.
This paper examines the validity of anti-trade arguments that are based on the absence of technological spillovers. Results of a pooled cross-section time-series analysis for developing countries fail to support the existence of technological spillovers. Findings of learning-by-doing effects indicate that protectionism might be beneficial under certain circumstances.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Development; International trade; Technological spillovers; Protectionism; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20017

The Nature of the Relationship between International Tourism and International Trade: The Case of German Imports of Spanish Wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Gil-Alana,   Luis A.
This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25341

Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Protection Induce More Bilateral Trade? Evidence from China's Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awokuse,   Titus O.; Yin,   Hong.
Most of the previous studies on the effect of IPR protection on international trade have been from the perspective of major industrialized nations. However, much of the current debate on the effects of IPR protection involves large developing countries with high threat of imitation. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the impact of the strengthening of patent laws in China on its bilateral trade flows. We estimate the effects of patent rights protection on China’s imports at the aggregate and detailed product categories for both OECD (developed) and non-OECD (developing) countries. The empirical results suggest that increased patent rights protection stimulate China’s imports, particularly in the knowledge-intensive product categories....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Patent laws; International trade; International Relations/Trade; F13; 034.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6143

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; D'Souza,   Anna; Amponsah,   William A.
Abstract:  We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

The Economics of Terrestrial Invasive Species: A Review of the Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Lars J.
This paper reviews the literature on the economics of invasive species management as it applies to invasive species in general and terrestrial invasive species in particular. The paper summarizes a number of recent studies that assign values to the economic impact of terrestrial invasive species on a national scale. This is followed by a review of the economic literature on control and prevention of a biological invasion and the literature on international trade and trade policy with invasive species. The paper then reviews selected studies on terrestrial invasive plants, animals, and microbes, respectively.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Terrestrial invasive species; Prevention; Control; International trade; Bioeconomic; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10181

Efeitos de acordos comerciais sobre o setor de carne bovina no Mercosul
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grundling,   Roberta Dalla Porta; Waquil,   Paulo Dabdab.
This paper discusses the perspectives to production, exports, imports, prices and welfare levels (producer surplus and consumer surplus) to the beef sector in the MERCOSUR facing some scenarios of tariffs reductions at the multilateral and regional levels. We use a Spatial Allocation Model formulated as a Mixed Complementarity Problem. We got a base scenario for the world markets, and then we simulated scenarios with reductions of tariffs. In the base scenario, MERCOSUR and Oceania are exporters and the other regions produce for domestic consumption, and some of them are importers. When we analyze the aggregate welfare level in MERCOSUR, the multilateral free trade is the scenario that brings the highest benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef; Mercosur; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54148

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN EQUILIBRIUM AND INTEGRATION IN MARKETS ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Jau-Rong; Barrett,   Christopher B.
This paper introduces a new market analysis methodology based on maximum likelihood estimation of a mixture distribution model incorporating price, transfer cost, and trade flow data.  Not only does this method obviate statistical problems associated with conventional price analysis methods, it also permits differentiation between market integration and competitive market equilibrium.  The model generates estimates of the frequency of alternative regimes, combinations of which provide useful, intuitive measures of intermarket tradability, competitive market equilibrium, perfect integration, segmented equilibrium, and segmented disequilibrium.  An application to trade in soybean meal among Pacific Rim economies demonstrates the usefulness of the method.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Law of one price; Market integration; Spatial equilibrium; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14607

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FOOD SAFETY:   ECONOMIC THEORY AND CASE STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Food safety regulations and the perception of risk are different among countries. This can lead to persistent trade frictions and even reduce food trade. These differences may also lead to increased dialogue between countries, with improved food safety systems the result. Although little disruption to trade has occurred for food safety reasons (considering the total volume of food trade), trade issues or crises related to food safety are wide ranging.  These issues and crises challenge policymakers and industries to both protect domestic food supplies and nurture international markets. Meanwhile, consumers in developed countries are demanding safer food. Risk reduction measures and quality certification programs can not only pre-empt food safety crises,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food safety; International trade; Regulation; Salmonella; BSE; Produce; Seafood; Trade liberalization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33941

The Changing Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantages of Asian and Latin American Manufacture Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bender,   Siegfried; Li,   Kui-Wai.
Changes in comparative advantage should reflect changes in factor endowment, but increasingly, changes in trade policies also affect a region’s trade performance. Based on the arguments in Balassa’s stages of comparative advantage thesis, this paper looks at the performance of manufacture exports in a number of Asian and Latin American economies over the period 1981-1997 and examines the revealed comparative advantage indices between economies in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Although the RCA measurement may not distinguish between the factor endowment effects from the trade policy effect, we argue that RCA measures provide indication on the movement in a region’s comparative advantage. The evidence strongly suggests that despite the strong...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Revealed comparative advantage; Manufacture exports; International Relations/Trade; F14.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28478

The Impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination Policy in Importing Countries on U.S. Swine Meat Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Shang-Ho; Saghaian,   Sayed H.; Reed,   Michael R.
Our previous research found that FMD Outbreaks in foreign countries have a significant positive influence on U.S. swine meat exports. However, not all of these FMD-affected countries adopted the same treatment policy to ease domestic FMD issues. This study proposes a gravity model with fixed-effect regressions to analyze the effects of FMD in countries that import U.S. swine meat. Annual trade data for seventeen countries are used in this study. This study confirms that different policies change the results from FMD. FMD-affected countries which adopted a vaccination policy have negative impacts on U.S. swine meat exports, and the estimated results did confirm that these seven countries are still very important swine meat markets for the U.S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Vaccination policy; Livestock; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56369

The Role of International Trade in Achieving Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Deteriorating food security status is primarily a local phenomenon resulting from failures in food systems and inadequate incomes. Technological advances in agriculture have led to declining long-term trends in food prices, which have assisted in improving diets. It is projected that in the first half of the twenty-first century, food production increases will have a difficult time keeping pace with the increase in population, leading to increased incidents where local price spikes for food lead to deteriorations in the food security status of many locally resident individuals. International trade in food products will be key to mitigating the effects of local food systems failures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Food security; International trade; Price spikes; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117818

Imperfeição comercial e diferenciação, por origem, no mercado internacional de cafés
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viana,   Jose Jair Soares; Silva,   Orlando Monteiro da.
In this study, a world model for the international market of coffee is developed and analyzed, considering its major exporters (Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Africa, Central America and Asia) and its major importers (United States, Germany, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, Canada, United Kingdom, Holland). That model is, then, simulated for several shocks such as the reduction of barriers that would reduce prices of coffee in all import markets, an increase in income that would increase the world demand, and variations in production of Brazil and Asia. The results evaluated in the short and long run, indicated that the main effects on the coffee prices occurs when there are changes in production, especially in Brazil. The reductions of barriers have small effects...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee; International trade; Differentiation by origin; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56811

Import Demand for Horticultural Commodities in Developed and Emerging Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rickard,   Bradley J.; St. Pierre,   Christine M.; Becker,   Gabriel M.
International trade of horticultural commodities is increasingly important in many regions of the world, yet import patterns of key horticultural crops are understudied in the agricultural economics literature. Using data between 1991 and 2005, we estimate the drivers of per capita import demand for six of the most highly traded horticultural commodities. The own price elasticity estimates were negative in all import demand models and, in most cases, the effects were statistically stronger for importers in emerging countries. Import demand for horticultural commodities in developed countries has been driven primarily by prices and the level of trade openness while income and diet considerations were more important in emerging countries. Furthermore, our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emerging markets; Horticultural commodities; Import demand; International trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51175

IS THE WTO STILL RELEVANT TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bochniarz,   Henryka.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: World Trade Organization; International trade; Trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14593

Funções de Exportação de Alimentos para o Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Cesar Roberto Leite da; Carvalho,   Maria Auxiliadora de.
A segurança alimentar é uma preocupação permanente para todas as nações, mas nesse início de século o tema ganhou destaque internacional porque o crescimento vigoroso da economia global e a demanda de produtos agrícolas para produção de biocombustível pressionaram os preços para cima. O Brasil é um importante exportador de alimentos, com participação crescente no mercado internacional. Esse trabalho estima as funções de  exportação dos alimentos a partir de dados da FAO para o período 1961 a 2005. Os resultados mostram que a influência do crescimento mundial é bem maior que a das variações cambiais o que contribui para justificar os crescentes superávits da agricultura, a despeito da apreciação cambial.---------------------Food safety is a permanent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Segurança alimentar; Funções de exportação; Agricultura; Comércio exterior; Food safety; Export functions; Agriculture; International trade; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108151

United States, Latin America, and the Global Economy: The Vision of Greater America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheman,   L. Ronald.
Latin America is the most important partner of the United States in consolidating the base of democracy and open markets in the global context as well as providing resources, markets and energy security for a growing economic base. The backbone of the global economy, the productive capacity deriving from the great combination of the treasures of the Rockies and Andes, together with U.S. technology, will be the bedrock foundation for unassailable economic growth. Together a combined open market of more than 600 million people will enable the coming generation to see Greater America emerge as a major force defining the values of the coming century.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Greater America; International trade; Latin America; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90428

Assessment of Biotechnology Policies and International Trade in Key Markets for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Song,   Baohui.
The United States leads the world in agricultural biotechnology research, adoption, commercialization, and exports.  Our biotech commodities are highly dependent on international markets.  Thus, any biotech policy changes by key importing countries may affect U.S. agricultural biotech product exports.  This article identifies key markets for U.S. agricultural exports including biotech commodities and discusses current and proposed biotech policies in key markets for U.S. agricultural exports focusing on Canada, Mexico, Japan, the European Union (EU), and China.  Among these markets, labeling of biotech products is voluntary in Canada and Mexico but is mandatory in Japan, the EU, and, most recently, in China.  For the EU, U.S. corn exports were almost...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Biotech policy; Corn; Cotton; International trade; Soybeans; U.S. agricultural exports; Q13; Q17; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43513

The nature of the relationship between international tourism and international trade: the case of German imports of Spanish wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Gil-Alana,   Luis A.
This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. In particular, we focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different stochastic properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, we use a methodology based on long memory regression models, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The results show that at the aggregate level, tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism produces an effect on future import...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tourism; Long memory; Spanish wine; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F14; C22; Q13; L83.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57033

The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility upon Foreign Trade of Hungarian Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fogarasi,   Jozsef.
This paper takes a new empirical look at the long-standing question of the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows of transition economies in Central Europe by studying the case of Hungarian agricultural exports to their export destination countries between 1999 and 2008. Based on a gravity model that controls for other factors likely to determine bilateral trade, the results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant positive effect on agricultural trade over this period. This positive effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that agri-food entrepreneurs are not interested in speeding up the process of joining Hungary to the euro zone.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity model; Exchange rate volatility; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102403

TO 'B' OR NOT TO 'B': AN ANALYSIS OF ALBERTA UNDER THE SOFTWOOD LUMBER AGREEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   Chris; Mach,   Helmut.
On October 16th 2006 the Canada-United States Softwood Lumber Agreement (SLA) came into effect. The SLA followed years of trade disputes and litigation initiated by U.S. lumber producers. The SLA ended litigation and dispute procedures by implementing an agreed Canadian export restriction and export tax regime. However, even with a formal agreement in place, points of contention remain on either side. The intent of this study is to evaluate Alberta’s performance under the SLA since its inception in 2006 and the implications for the future. To that end, there are several important characteristics of the SLA that are important to define. The SLA uses a system of export taxes and volume targets to attempt to restrict the total volume of softwood lumber...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alberta; FTA; NAFTA; Forestry; Commodities trade; International trade; Lumber; Softwood lumber; Trade disputes; United States; Softwood lumber agreement; SLA; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60428

On Trade Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Institutional Quality: The Case of Central European Countries.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Fogarasi,   Jozsef.
This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility and of the institutional quality on international trade flows of transition economies in Central European Countries by applying a gravity model of balance panel between 1999 and 2008. The results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant negative effect on trade by applying Psuedo- Maximum-Likelihood (PML) estimator method over this period. The institutional quality need to be improved in case of size of government and the quality of regulation. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that joining Central European Countries to the euro zone can reduce the negative effects of exchange rate volatility on trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity model; Exchange rate volatility; Institutions; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114351

COMPETITIVIDADE DA FRUTICULTURA POTIGUAR: O CASO DO MELÃO NO PERIODO DE 1996 A 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jurdam Alves,   Francisco; Silva,   Etevaldo Almeida; De Medeiros Vidal Junior,   Adonias.
Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a competitividade das exportações do melão do Rio Grande do Norte no cenário nacional, bem como sua participação e importância para o comércio exterior brasileiro, no período de 1996 a 2005. Utilizou-se os indicadores de desempenho da competitividade das exportações: Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas (VCR) e a Taxa de Cobertura (TC). O Melão, principal fruta exportada pelo Estado do Rio Grande do Norte no período em análise, apresentou substancial incremento na pauta de exportações, chegando a ser o segundo produto mais exportado pelo Estado perdendo apenas para os produtos derivados de Petróleo. Este fato é explicado, basicamente pelos ganhos em competitividade, que foram influenciados por condições internas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio internacional; Fruticultura; Indicadores de desempenho; International trade; Orchards; Indicators of performance; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102901

Property rights and crop choice in rural Peru, 1994-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Field,   Alfred J.; Field,   Erica Marie; Torero,   Maximo.
The period of 1994 to 2004 was one in which rural households in Peru experienced dramatic changes in ownership rights through a large nation-wide land titling program and a significant opening of the economy to international trade. This paper takes this prime opportunity to examine whether lack of ownership rights presents a significant barrier to the adoption of commercial crops and/or modern farming practices as a result to changes which reduced domestic market distortions, opened up the economy and thereby presumably altered relative prices between traditional agricultural crops and those produced primarily for export. To the extent that participation was quasi-exogenous to other household features influencing production choices, the titling program...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural households; International trade; Property rights; Land rights; Titling; Adoption; Commercial crops; Exports; Indigenous crops; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58569

Strategic Choice of Domestic Environmental Policy Instrument and International Emissions Trading Scheme in an Open Economy with Imperfect Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boom,   Jan Tjeerd.
This paper presents a model of imperfect international competition. Within this framework, the optimal choice of national environmental policy instrument and international emissions trading scheme is discussed. The choice of national instrument is restricted to absolute and relative standards, which form the basis for permit and credit trading respectively. It is shown that relatives standards and credit trading lead to higher output than emission ceilings and permit trading. I find that governments want to increase production beyond the level reached with emission ceilings and therefore prefer relative standards. Furthermore, international emissions trading is only optimal when the country imports emission quotas, and in several cases, governments will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Emissions trading; Credit trading; International trade; Imperfect competition; Strategic behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; L51; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24177

Global Welfare and Trade-Related Regulations of GM Food: Biosafety, Markets, and Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; International trade; Regulations; Political economics.; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q17; Q18; F50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60897

DEMANDA DE IMPORTAÇÃO DE VINHO NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO 1995-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campos,   Antonio Carvalho; Brigatte,   Henrique.
O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar a função de demanda de importação de vinho no Brasil. Os dados utilizados são de janeiro de 1995 a novembro de 2007, com periodicidade mensal. O modelo econométrico dinâmico de ajustamento parcial, também conhecido como modelo de Nerlove, foi o escolhido para se proceder à estimação. Este se caracteriza como um tipo de modelo autoregressivo de curto prazo, bastante apto para explicar os movimentos no quantum importado no momento atual com base nas importações passadas e no valor de outras variáveis. Concluiu-se que renda interna, preço de importação e taxa de câmbio são estatisticamente significantes para a explicação de variações na importação de vinho pelo Brasil, assim como a própria defasagem da variável dependente....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio internacional; Setor de vitivinicultura; Brasil; International trade; Wine sector; Brazil; Agribusiness; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108087

Poultry welfare scenario in South America: norms and regulations
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Silva,RBTR; Nääs,IA; Broom,DM; O'Driscoll,K.
Animal welfare related issues have been intensely discussed in recent years as a consequence of changes in public attitudes and regulatory reforms that are taking place in many countries. A combination of public opinion pressure and trade policy has driven requirements for regulation and the World Trade Organization (WTO) assigned the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) to develop guidelines that could be used as international standards. However, trade disputes related to animal welfare are not likely to be resolved under the auspices of OIE, and access to international markets may be questioned in a way that does not necessarily reflect attitudes to animal production in emerging economies, such as those in South America. This paper presents an...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Developing countries; International trade; Welfare policies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2011000200001

Analysis of Barriers to Brazilian Chicken Meat Imports
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Aranda,MA; Sgavioli,S; Domingues,CHF; Santos,ET; Nääs,IA; Moura,JB; Garcia,RG.
ABSTRACT Trade liberalization during the last decades has increased among nations as a result of decreased tariffs. However, during the same period, market agents have created new protection measures to replace such mechanisms in an attempt to promote the domestic economic stability of countries, while expanding and ensuring the trade between nations. Considering that Brazil is the second largest broiler producer and chicken-meat exporter worldwide, the present study proposed to analyze the main barriers imposed on Brazilian chicken meat imports by the ten major importing countries. This is a documentary research with primary and secondary data, of a descriptive-exploratory nature, under a qualitative approach. Semi-structured questionnaires including...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Poultry production; International trade; Exports; Protectionism.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2019000200312

Impacts of the U.S. subsidy to soybeans on World prices, production and exports
Provedor de dados: 123
Autores: Brandão,Antônio Salazar P.; Lima,Elcyon Caiado Rocha.
This paper specifies and estimates an econometric model of the soybean market (grain, oil and meal) to assess the effects of U.S. domestic support to soybeans on world soybean prices, production and exports. The model divides the world into five regions (modules): Argentina, Brazil, the European Union, the United States (US) and the Rest of the World (ROW). There are interactions between the modules through the international prices and the net exports of each soybean product. The international prices of grain, oil and meal are endogenous and are determined equating net exports of the first four modules (Argentina, Brazil, European Union and the U.S.) to net imports of the ROW. The analysis is conducted eliminating the U.S. domestic support to soybeans and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Soubeans subsidy; Soybean market; International trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032006000400002

Implications of the Structural Change in Dairy Products Trade on Milk Price Paid to Producers in Chile
Provedor de dados: 117
Autores: Engler,Alejandra; Nahuelhual,Laura.
Since 1990 row milk production has exhibited a rapid increase from 890 million liters in 1990 to 1,818 million in 2006. The excess production has allowed for the expansion of the export sector, converting Chile in a net exporter in 2001. A relevant question in this new market scenario is how this structural change can affect milk prices paid to producers in Chile. The consequences of this structural change were explored in this study using a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model and cointegration analysis. The results indicated that the domestic, CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) and FOB (Free On Board) prices were cointegrated, implying that changes in the import and export prices are transmitted to the domestic market affecting the milk price paid to...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Milk market; International trade; Vector error correction; Persistence profiles.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392008000200006

Exploratory analysis of foreign markets for Spanish organic wines
Provedor de dados: 118
Autores: Fuentes-García,Fernando J; Cosano-Carrillo,Ana B; Sánchez-Cañizares,Sandra M.
Because of the significant growth that the Spanish organic vineyard sector is experiencing, this paper's objective is to analyze and describe potential international markets for the exportation of organic wine. The methodology followed classifies the potential international markets for exportation in accordance with secondary data concerning the countries participating in this research, specific variables relating to the product under study and the use of statistical quality filters. The different types of quantitative variables that influence consumption are studied using k-median clustering analysis. According to the systematic analysis approach developed, the most favorable markets for Spanish organic wine exportation are the United States, China,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Eco-agriculture; Organic wine; International trade; Priority market.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202015000200002