Consulta: subjectFacets:"L1"
Registros recuperados: 48
Data/hora: 06/06/2024 04:21:06

China Pear Value Chain: Implication for Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Zuhui; Zhang,   Jing; Chen,   Kevin Z.
The objective of this paper is to describe different types of value chain, to capture value added activities of each chain, to discuss the organizational and institutional link in each value chain and its implications for the role of small farmers. We focus on two counties in Hebei and Zhejiang of China. Taking pear for example, analysis of value chain is conducted using data of representative samples of pear value chain. For each chain, value added activities, cost composition, profit distribution, organizational and institutional linkages are illustrated, and corresponding conclusions are indicated. After a systematic analysis of organizational and institutional linkage and value adding activities of every chain as well as cost-benefit analysis of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Value Chain; Smallholder; Pear; Industrial Organization; L1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49946

Effects of the Conservation Reserve Program on Elevator Merchandising Margins in Oklahoma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adam,   Brian D.; Hong,   Seung Jee; Dicks,   Michael R.
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) takes cropland out of production for 10 years, reducing grain supplies available to elevators. Results suggest that the program has negatively impacted elevator merchandising margins, but that elevators adjusted rather quickly to CRP changes, making most of the adjustment within 1 year. The reduction in margins reflects an element of pressure on agribusiness that has not been measured in previous studies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Conservation Reserve Program; Country elevators; Land retirement programs; Merchandising margins; Q1; Q2; D4; L1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42835

How Rising Competition Among Microfinance Lenders Affects Incumbent Village Banks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McIntosh,   Craig; de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
This paper uses data from Uganda's largest incumbent microfinance institution to analyze the impact of entry by competing lenders on client behavior. We first examine the geographic placement decisions of competitors, and find that placement decisions are strongly affected by district-level characteristics. We observe that increased competition induces a decline in repayment performance and in savings deposited with the incumbent Village Bank, suggesting multiple loan-taking by clients. Urban clients take multiple loans primarily from lenders with more individual methodologies, while rural clients borrow from several group lenders. Individuals who operate larger businesses are the ones most likely to leave the incumbent Village Bank when a Solidarity Group...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Competition; Credit markets; Financial Economics; O16; D14; L1.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25073

Do Farmers Benefit from Participating in Specialty Markets and Cooperatives? The Case of Coffee Marketing in Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wollni,   Meike; Zeller,   Manfred.
Historically low prices in the conventional coffee market have caused financial and social hardship among coffee farmers. In the face of this crisis, specialty markets have attracted the attention of the international donor community. These market segments have shown consistent growth over the last decade and exhibit price premiums in international markets. Therefore, if higher prices are passed on to farmers, access to specialty markets could help to alleviate the crisis brought on by low prices in the conventional sector. The present study attempts to identify the factors that determine farmers' participation in specialized markets and whether participation in these markets leads to higher prices for farmers. A two-stage model is used to analyze farmers'...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Central America; Costa Rica; Coffee; Specialty markets; Cooperatives; Agribusiness; Marketing; Q13; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25670

Will There Be a Concentration of Alikes? The Impact of Labor Market Structure on Industry Mix in the Presence of Product Market Shocks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stahl,   Konrad; Walz,   Uwe.
We analyze determinants of regional industry mix and focus especially on the influence of labor market characteristics. By combining a labor market pooling argument with an argument involving the cost of switching a worker from one firm to another, we show that in the presence of product market shocks there exists an interesting trade-off for the concentration of firms of the same industry in one region. Firms belonging to different industries are hedged against industry-specific shocks if they settle in the same region, but face higher switching costs (retraining costs for workers moving from one firm to another). In addition, with a given supply of labor there is an additional rationing effect affecting the location decisions of firms. Against the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Local labor market; Product market shocks; Industry structure; Imperfect competition; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; J4; L1; R3.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26362

Is Monsanto Leaving Money on the Table? Monopoly Pricing and Bt Cotton Value with Heterogeneous Adopters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.
We examine the allocation of technology rents between a price-setting, innovating monopolist and heterogeneous technology adopters.  A model of monopoly pricing in the presence of heterogeneous adopters is used to examine conditions under which greater producer (farmer) heterogeneity leads to greater producer benefit from innovation in non-competitive markets.  An application to Bt cotton determines the profit-maximizing price of Bt cotton seed and reveals that Monsanto and Delta and Pine Land are indeed leaving money on the table in the form of unexploited profit opportunities.  However, we estimate that the presence of heterogeneous adopters explains over 80% of the rents that accrue to the farmers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt cotton; Heterogeneous adopters; Innovation; Monopoly pricing; Technology; Valuation distribution; L1; O3; Q1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43469

ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRIVATE FOOD STANDARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giraud-Heraud,   Eric; Grazia,   Cristina; Hammoudi,   Abdelhakim.
This paper provides an original theoretical framework to better understand the raise of private quality standards in agrifood chains. Reasons for the development and conditions for the effectiveness of private quality standards are identified, by investigating firms’ strategic behaviour and, more precisely, both interactions among processing/retailing firms and upstream producers and the role of consumers’ behaviour. Considering different levels of consumers risk perception, we show that the incentive for firms to develop a more stringent private standard may increase with the level of the regulated minimum quality standard. Moreover, setting a private standard may reduce the risk of consumer dissatisfaction while increasing the marketed quantity....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Private quality standards; Vertical relationships; Risk perception; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L1; L15; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116408

Less Discussed Dynamics in the Czech Farm Structure Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Curtiss,   Jarmila; Ratinger,   Tomas; Medonos,   Tomas.
The paper provides an empirical study of the dynamics of ownership changes in Czech agricultural companies, which are assigned by unique heterogeneity in ownership forms. Since employee ownership has retained a relatively important place in these structures, neoclassical, as well as institutional theories of labour managed firms are considered. Building upon efficiency arguments, both approaches suggest the dissolution of labour managed firms. The empirical analysis utilized detailed survey data from 2004 and accountancy data from 1997 to 2003. We used cluster analysis to classify companies into homogeneous groups with respect to their ownership structure and stage of restructuring, and analysed these characteristics in relation to performance indicators....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cluster analysis; Czech agriculture; Ownership; Large-scale farms; Performance; Principal; Component analysis; Farm Management; D2; L1; L2.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25337

Dairy Policy Modelling Under Imperfect Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soregaroli,   Claudio; Moro,   Daniele; Sckokai,   Paolo.
Paper removed at request of author on 11/20/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Simulation Models; Imperfect Competition; CAP; Dairy; Livestock Production/Industries; D4; L1; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25360

THE PROVISION OF RAIL SERVICE: THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Murray E.; Gray,   Richard S.
Grain transportation is one of the most important economic issues for grain producers in the Northern Plains. The reliance on export markets and the long distances to port position means that transportation costs have a significant effect on the price received by farmers.  In the prairie region of Canada, rail transportation is undergoing a major transformation that will affect the competitive positions of agriculture in both the United States and Canada and influence the direction of grain flows between the two countries. Rail rates are no longer legislated although a cap is still in place), restrictions on branch line abandonment have been lifted, and further deregulation of price and car allocation is being considered. Some parties, including the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Barriers to entry; Competition; Grain handling; Grain transportation; Monopoly; Railroads; Regulation; Public Economics; K2; L1; L9; L5.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29164

DEVELOPMENT OF A MARKET BENCHMARK PRICE FOR AGMAS PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Good,   Darrel L.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Jackson,   Thomas E.
The purpose of this research report is to identify the appropriate market benchmark price to use to evaluate the pricing performance of market advisory services that are included in the annual AgMAS pricing performance evaluations. Five desirable properties of market benchmark prices are identified. Three potential specifications of the market benchmark price are considered: the average price received by Illinois farmers, the harvest cash price, and the average cash price over a two-year crop marketing window. The average cash price meets all of the desired properties, except that it would not be easily implementable by producers. It can be shown, though, that the price realized via a more manageable strategy of "spreading" sales during the marketing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Advisory services; Evaluating the pricing performance; Market benchmark price; C8; C0; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14783

Trader Behaviour and Performance in Live Animal Marketing in Rural Ethiopian Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jabbar,   Mohammad A.; Benin,   Samuel; Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.; Paulos,   Zelekawork.
In this paper, performance of a sample of 131 livestock traders in 38 rural Ethiopian highland markets was analysed in terms of their costs and margins, how these were influenced by their assets and trading practices, and the implications of the findings for policy were outlined. The paper is divided into three main sections: description of the profiles of traders, their assets, trading behaviour and practices; estimates of costs and margins for a set of recent transactions; and econometric analysis of the factors explaining differences in performance with a particular focus on transaction costs. Most traders used own capital as access to credit, especially formal credit, was limited. The livestock market was characterised by non-standardised products and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D4; L1; O1; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25680

Competition and Car Longevity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamilton,   Bruce W.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
We examine determinants of the nearly 30 percent increase in the average age of domestically produced, registered automobiles since the mid-1960s. We find that very little of the increase in car longevity is attributable to improvements in the inherent durability of cars. Rather, we find that the temporal pattern of longevity improvement is highly correlated with the level of market concentration in the auto industry. In particular, we argue that the arrival of competition in the industry led to an increase in longevity largely by forcing a reduction in the price of auto maintenance and repair, which in turn induced consumers to maintain their cars into older age.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market concentration; Automobile industry; Scrappage models; Public Economics; L1; L9.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10581

Market Performance of Potato Auctions in Bhutan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Tilburg,   Aad; Kuiper,   W. Erno; Swinkels,   Rob.
Market performance with respect to a main horticultural export commodity in Bhutan is the subject of this paper. Imperfections in (market) infrastructure and market structure and conduct may prevent an optimal price for farmers. Market performance is assessed by testing the law of one price for this commodity. This is done by testing three series of auction price data on both long-run and short-run price integration. It is concluded that auction prices were interrelated both in the long and short run with one of the three auctions as the price-leading market. Policy implications are suggested.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Bhutan; Law of one price; Market performance; Potato marketing; Marketing; C22; L1; M31; O1; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25520

Which Broiler Part is the Best Part?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.; McKenzie,   Andrew M.; Djunaidi,   Harjanto.
Predominance of production and marketing contracts in the broiler industry suggests a traditional analysis of price relationships might no longer be appropriate.  In this study, markets for broiler cuts are defined as spatial.  Results of a vector autoregressive regression analysis of monthly USDA data from 1987 to 2000 verify the price relationship between white meat and whole broiler prices.  Price shocks in the boneless skinless breast market have a greater effect than dark meat shocks, suggesting this market is most important in price transmission.  These results will assist industry participants to form more effective marketing and pricing strategies, thus adding efficiency to the market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broiler markets; Market structure; Marketing contracts; Price transmission; C4; D4; L1; Q0.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43151

Traceability as Part of Competitive Strategy in the Fruit Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canavari,   Maurizio; Centonze,   Roberta; Spadoni,   Roberta.
This paper discusses traceability as part of information management in fruit supply chains of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. A review of the rules in use for traceability distinguishes between a proper traceability and a traceability plus (T+), embedded of many value attributes.  Elements of competitive strategy, considered in the analysis of fruit supply chins of Emilia-Romagna, try to demonstrate that not only strategic but also operative choices determine the way a single firm or filiere manages traceability and information issues.  Applications of such elements to buyers and sellers selection as well as to competing retailers of fruit supply chain, verify the hypothesis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Information management; Fruit supply chain; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; L1; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25639

THE RUSSIAN AIRLINE INDUSTRY:CONTESTABLE MARKET OR…?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lukyanov,   Sergey; Tissen,   Elena; Kislyak,   Nadezda.
The authors, based on the complete survey of Russian airlines that was conducted in winter of 2006-2007, analyze essential entry-barriers in the industry, and econometrically estimate efficiency of methods for overcoming entry-barriers in the Russian PAI. They find that there are significant technological and behavioral entry-barriers in the industry. The paper doubts that this industry is contestable in contemporary Russia, although it is typically contestable in Europe and the USA. Econometric estimation of entry-barriers points that administrative barriers are the most significant restrictions of competition.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Entry-barriers; Airline industry; Contestable market; Market structure; International Development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L93.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94534

PUBLIC POLICY RESPONSES TO INCREASED VERTICAL LINKAGES IN AGRI-FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.; Hobbs,   Jill E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vertical coordination; Vertical linkage; Public policy; Agri-food supply chains; Supply chain management; Agribusiness; Q1; L1.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29237

Commodity Exchange and Institutional Changes:   Case of Iranian Agricultural Commodity Exchange
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soltanpour,   Yazdan.
In this study, an attempt is to figure out the institutional changes that initiate the agricultural commodity exchange (ACE). To assess the affecting factors, new institutional economics approach has been chosen. The framework consisting of four levels of social analysis introduced by Oliver E. Williamson is used to analyze the social environment, institutional rules, institutional arrangements and finally the agency level economics (Neo-classical economics). Regarding this framework, the institutional changes that have initiated the Iranian ACE is analyzed and its constraints to further improvement are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Commodity Exchange; Institutional economics; Iran; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; G1; O3; L1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90825

Modeling Differentiated Quality Standards in the Agri-Food Sector: The Case of Meat Trade in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rau,   Marie-Luise; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This paper looks at trade impacts of quality related standards from the supply side of the exporting country. We argue that food quality standards imposed by an importing country have profound effects on the market structure of the exporting industry, and hence a significant impact on the supply response. For our analysis, we develop a stylized oligopoly model that allows for the co-existence of complying and non-complying suppliers. The model is applied to two alternative policy options to explore different mechanisms an importing county may use to enhance the quality of its imports. We take the Polish meat sector as an empirical example, since after Poland's accession to the EU the tight EU food quality standards indeed apply but the process of adjusting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality standards; Trade; Market structure; Poland; Meat sector; Oligopoly; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17; Q18; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25739

1997 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1997 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1997. The average net advisory price across all 23 corn programs is $2.32 per bushel. The net advisory prices for corn range from a minimum of $2.00 per bushel to a maximum of $2.74 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 21 soybean programs is $6.40 per bushel. The net advisory prices for soybeans range from a minimum of $6.08 per bushel to a maximum of $6.99 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evaluation of advisory services; Pricing performance; Soybeans; C8; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14780

Policy, Federalism, and Regulating Broadband Internet Access
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Following recent telecommunications mergers, local (mostly municipal and county) governments and the federal government are fighting over who should determine whether cable television systems must make their facilities available to unaffiliated providers of high-speed ("broadband") Internet service. This intergovernmental dispute is only the latest in a series of such clashes regarding competition and communications policy. A brief review of the policy suggests that substantively, local open-access requirements are not yet warranted. However, the economics of federalism, primarily that the relevant markets are local, indicates that local governments should have the right to choose these policies, perhaps erroneously. Federal preemption could prevent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Federalism; Internet; Regulation; Vertical integration; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; H1; L5; L1.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10823

Location Choices of Multinational Firms: The Case of Mergers and Acquisitions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertrand,   Olivier; Mucchielli,   Jean-Louis; Zitouna,   Habib.
This article examines the location choices of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&amp;A) between OECD members´ firms in the 1990`s. In addition to traditional determinants of FDI, we estimate the impact of specific factors affecting the M&amp;A location pattern. Two distinct econometric methods are implemented: the conditional logit and the count model (Poisson or negative binomial model). In spite of the use of alternative econometric methods, we find that the supply of target firms (captured by market capitalization and privatization activity) constrains the location of M&amp;A. However, is it not the only determinant of location: market size, labor costs, market access and financial openness play a positive and significant role on the M&amp;A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Merger and Acquisition; Location; Conditional logit; Count model; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F23; L1; R3.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26170

Firm Size Distribution and Performance of Maize and Fertilizer Traders After Market Liberalisation: Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mose,   Lawrence Obae; Burger,   Kees.
Improvement in the performance of agricultural markets was the ultimate goal of market liberalisation. In this paper, firm (trader) size distribution as a factor influencing market performance is analyzed using maize and fertilizer traders from Kenya. Firm size distribution was assessed by analyzing the normality of the distribution on volume traded. Performance was assessed by the level of competition (using Hirschman-Herfindahl index), marketing margins and marketing costs. Results show that firm size distribution for both commodities is log-normally distributed but positively skewed indicating a tendency towards smaller than larger firms. A plausible explanation is that faced with inadequate financial resources and inadequate business experience, new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Liberalisation; Firm size distribution; Costs; Margins; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; D4; L1; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25533

Price Transmission and Marketing Margins in the Slovenian Beef and Pork Markets During Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
As in many other transition countries processing and marketing margins are also larger in the Slovenian meat market than respective margins in market economies. In addition, margin of the Slovenian pork chain is greater than in the beef chain. Its decline in the pork market indicates an adjustment to more competitive markets. Co-integration models are applied to estimate vertical price transmission and to examine margins and degree of competition in the meat marketing chains. Results indicate the existence of a long run equilibrium regarding vertical price transmission in the beef and pork sectors. Both the farm-gate beef and pork prices are identified as weakly exogenous in the long run. The structural tests imposing a homogeneity restriction suggest a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Marketing margin; Co-integration; Competition; Marketing; D4; L1; C3; Q1.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24789

Grocery Retailer Pricing Behavior for California Avocados with Implications for Industry Promotion Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Lan; Carman,   Hoy F.; Sexton,   Richard J.
Rising concentration and consolidation of sales among large supermarket chains in the U.S. and other countries, due in part to a recent wave of mergers in food retailing, have made retailers' role in the food industry a topical issue. Using a unique micro dataset, this paper investigates retailer pricing issues for avocados, a key California specialty commodity, and analyzes the implications of retailer pricing behavior for the effectiveness of avocado industry advertising programs. The methodologies developed and the results achieved in this study should have broad applications across the produce sector, the food industry, and the grocery retail market. We find that retail prices for avocados are highly dispersed both spatially and temporarily. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: F13; L1; L81; Q1; Q13; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25494

Quality Provision and Farmer Inclusion of  Agricultural Cooperatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Jianyu.
The paper aims to analyze the quality provision and inclusion of farmers by a farmer-owned cooperative (co-op) when it competes with an investor-owned firm (IOF). A model of mixed oligopsonistic competition is developed to capture the endogenous participation of farmers who are heterogeneous in their efficiency to provide quality. The results highlight an advantage of the co-op: by imposing a similar quality standard to the one imposed by the IOF, the co-op may drive the IOF out of the market. Due to this advantage, it is more likely that the co-op will set a high quality standard when the minimum quality standard is costly to farmers. This advantage, however, may induce an inefficient outcome if providing a high quality product involves a high fixed cost.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural cooperative; Mixed oligopsonistic competition; Farmer inclusion; Quality standard; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Q12; Q13; L1; L2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51553

PUBLIC POLICY IN VERTICALLY RELATED MARKETS: A COURNOT OLIGOPOLY-OLIGOPSONY MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desquilbet,   Marion; Guyomard,   Herve.
We use a partial equilibrium two-country model, with two vertically related markets, with perfect competition in the primary good sector and with a fixed number of processing firms in each country, characterized by a Cournot behavior upstream and downstream. In the first stage of the game, the government of the exporting country chooses the level of price instruments on both goods. The targeting principle is used to characterize optimal intervention in presence of a minimum revenue constraint towards primary producers. Keywords: vertically related markets, imperfect
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertically related markets; Imperfect competition; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F1; H2; L1; Q1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21561

Alternative Model Selection Using Forecast Error Variance Decompositions in Wholesale Chicken Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McKenzie,   Andrew M.; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.; Carreira,   Rita I.
Although Vector Autoregressive models are commonly used to forecast prices, specification of these models remains an issue. Questions that arise include choice of variables and lag length. This article examines the use of Forecast Error Variance Decompositions to guide the econometrician’s model specification. Forecasting performance of Variance Autoregressive models, generated from Forecast Error Variance Decompositions, is analyzed within wholesale chicken markets. Results show that the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition approach has the potential to provide superior model selections to traditional Granger Causality tests.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broiler markets; DAGs; Forecasting; Market structure; VAR; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; C53; D4; L1; Q00.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48750

Competition Issues in the Seed Industry and the Role of Intellectual Property
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L4; O3; Q1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94757

The Biotechnology Sector: "Bounds" to Market Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper examines whether it makes sense to consider Sutton's "bounds" approach as a candidate theory for explaining the recent evolution of market structure in the biotechnology sector, and to speculate whether market structure will change if the industry begins to introduce second-generation GM products that are of more direct benefit to consumers.  A key result is that the market structure is bounded in the presence of endogenous sunk costs, implying care should be taken when inferring any correlation between R&amp;D expenditure and seller concentration in the biotechnology sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Market structure; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6078

Expected Utility Analysis of Stocker Cattle Ownership Versus Contract Grazing in the Southeast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   John D.; Lacy,   Curt; Forrest,   Charlie S.; Little,   Randall D.
Stocker cattle ownership is compared to contract grazing using stochastic simulation.  Returns are evaluated for both cattle owners and caretakers in contract grazing agreements.  For caretakers, contract grazing is significantly less risky than cattle ownership.  Slightly to moderately risk-averse caretakers could be expected to prefer some type of contract grazing to direct ownership of cattle.  For cattle owners, contracting reduces risk only slightly while significantly reducing expected returns.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Expected utility; Grazing; Stocker calves; Q0; L1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43471

TRANSPORTING THE EXPORT-BOUND GRAIN BY RAIL: A STUDY OF MARKET INTEGRATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan.
This study addresses the issues of market integration in railroad industry analyzing the export-bound grain transportation. A spatial analysis involving four origin states (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Nebraska) and two destinations (Mexican Gulf and Pacific Northwest) is conducted in order to determine if pricing practices by the same or different railroads in different regions are consistent. A system of structural equations is estimated and dynamic regression tests are conducted because of the dynamic nature of interregional trade and arbitrage activities. The results indicate that grain transportation market by rail is not perfectly integrated. This is primarily due to numerous mergers and combining of railroads that took place during the last twenty...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain transportation; Market integration; Railroad industry; International Relations/Trade; D4; L1; L9.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29236

Tomato Wars: A Discussion of How International Trade, Structural Changes, and Competitiveness Affect the North American Produce Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Estes,   Edmund A.
The demand for a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, including fresh market tomatoes, has increased significantly over the past decade because of greater convenience in use, improved selection, and rising health and diet concerns.  As U.S. demand for tomatoes and other horticultural crops strengthens, inexperienced domestic and international suppliers believe they can compete effectively within U.S. markets.  Free trade agreements have reduced monetary barriers to trade, but remaining impediments, such as institutional and competitive market constraints, represent significant challenges for southern U.S. growers.  This paper discusses points addressed by VanSickle, Eastwood, and Woods concerning trade and horticultural market development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fruits; Marketing; NAFTA; Trade; Vegetables; F1; L1; L2; Q17; R3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43207

Chinese and U.S. Apple Trade in ASEAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luckstead,   Jeff; Devadoss,   Stephen; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.
We investigate oligopolistic competition between U.S. and Chinese apple exporters in the ASEAN market using strategic trade theory and the NEIO literature.  We also analyze competition in the U.S. and Chinese domestic markets.  U.S. supplies higher quality apples to ASEAN than China, resulting in product differentiation.  The results show that U.S. exporters had a higher markup than Chinese exporters through the 1990s; however, as the share of Chinese apples expanded, the U.S. markup declined and the Chinese markup increased dramatically.  Competitive pricing prevails both in the U.S. and Chinese domestic markets.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Apple Trade; Market Power; ASEAN; Conjectural Elasticity; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F13; L1.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124372

Grain Distribution in Ghana under Imperfectly Competitive Market Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.
Interspatial and intertemporal grain distribution in Ghana is a private sector activity carried out mainly by traders. These traders sometimes collude to maximize their joint profits. By so doing they influence the conduct of the grains market. To examine the effect of their actions on the informal maize market in Ghana, a spatial equilibrium model was estimated under three scenarios: (1) Perfect competition, (2) Cournot-Narsh conjectures, and (3) Collusion. The results indicate that imperfect competition distorts grain flows, reduces consumer welfare and depresses traders’ sales revenue. Collusive behavior of traders, on the other hand, causes the greatest distortion of grain flows as well as trader and consumer welfare. These results draw attention to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Spatial equilibrium; Monopoly; Imperfect competition; Interspatial; Cournot- Narsh conjectures; Crop Production/Industries; D4; L1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96166

Pay-At-The-Pump (PATP) Auto Insurance: Criticisms and Proposed Modifications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khazzoom,   J. Daniel.
In 1998 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored an effort to examine the criticisms and concerns expressed about Pay-at-the-Pump (PATP) auto insurance and explore the reformulation of PATP, taking into account these concerns. This paper provides a brief exposition of PATP and its main advantages followed by a review of its criticisms and concerns. We outline a reconstituted PATP proposal emerging from the review of these criticisms: a hybrid system that merges the best features from PATP and the existing insurance system. It retains what is consistent with the free market operation and market incentive in the existing system. At the same time it restores the price signal, the sine qua non for economic efficiency, where it has been extinguished...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pay at the pump; Distance-based insurance; Efficient pricing of auto insurance; Conversion of fixed to variable cost; Loss on insuring the uninsured motorist; Pay at the pump and the poor; Environmental benefit of pay at the pump; Vehicle fuel-efficiency and safety; Vehicle miles traveled; Traffic density; Accident risk; Public Economics; L1; L5; L8; L9; M2; Q2; Q4; R4.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10811

Too Connected to Fail: The Effect of Alliance Network Structure on Farm Survival
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirwan,   Barrett E.; Martens,   Andrea.
Exogenous, unobserved factors often confound the effects of alliance networks.  More capable farmers might be less likely to exit and more likely to have a large number of alliances.  In this case the negative correlation between alliance network size and exit likelihood is due to the unobserved confounder--farmer ability--not the effect of network size on exit likelihood. Recognizing the endogeneity of alliance network size when determining a farm’s survival likelihood, we employ an empirical model that accounts for the bias caused by unobserved effects. We account for time-invariant unobserved effects with individual fixed effects.  We control for county-level confounding factors with a time-varying county effect. Finally, we address unobserved,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Networks; Alliances; Agriculture; Policy; Organizational structure; Industrial organization; Finance; Entrepreneurship; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; L1; L14; L26; Q1; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103573

Dynamic Strategic Behaviour in the Deregulated England and Wales Liquid Milk Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiffin,   J. Richard.
A model of dynamic oligopsony is estimated for the liquid milk market in the UK. The paper extends existing methods of estimating such models by allowing for the joint estimation of the market conduct equation and the input supply equation. This entails the estimation of a two equation model in which the parameters of one equation change between two regimes whilst those of the other do not. Our results provide little evidence of dynamic strategic behaviour and suggest that the farm-gate price of milk is determined competitively.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D4; L1; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25282

Evaluating the Competitive Effects of the Commodity Groups Originated by Class I Railroads in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen,   Albert J.; Myles,   Albert E.; Shaik,   Saleem; Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman.
Dynamic shift-share analysis reveals that national growth effects were positive while industrial mix, competitive, and allocation effects were negative. Results also show the time(technology) variable were significantly and positively related to the competitive effects for coal, chemical products, food products, nonmetallic products, petroleum products, metallic ores, and other products.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic shift-share; Competitive effects; Commodity Groups; Class I railroads; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; L1; L9; L92.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56409

The Integration of Rural Households into Ruminant Livestock Industries in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldron,   Scott A.; Brown,   Colin G.; Longworth,   John W.
A major determinant of rural development in China is the way by which rural households integrate with rural industries. Three forms of integration – market integration, vertical integration and integration through local groups – are investigated. Policy measures that may facilitate household integration, household specialisation and market segmentation are identified. Findings for the ruminant livestock sector are widely applicable to other agricultural industries in China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Rural development; Livestock; Markets; Vertical integration; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25318

World Markets of Vertically Differentiated Agricultural Commodities: A Case of Soybean Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamaura,   Koichi; Xia,   Tian.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/21/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertical product differentiation; Market power; GM; Non-GM; Soybean; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; L1.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103757

Strategic Planning - Niche Marketing in the Agriculture Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cuthbert,   Ronald.
The purpose of the research is to improve our understanding of the adaptation process in agriculture at the farm level and the influence through the value chain. The research identified critical managerial decision areas in the strategic planning process of blackcurrant growers in Alberta and the South Island of New Zealand. The work was a comparative study of growers that attempted to determine the correspondence between the results of case study observations and a set of theoretical propositions that were developed from a review of the relevant literature. Results indicate that growers understand their own firm’s core competencies, plan strategically and contingently to maintain flexibility and retain niche advantages.  Data gathered on the blackcurrant...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Niche marketing; Strategic planning; Adaptation flexibility; Farm Management; Marketing; D81; L1; M31; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6840

How Does Advertising Affect Market Performance? The Case of Generic Advertising
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Richards,   Timothy J.; Stiegert,   Kyle W.
The effect of advertising on market performance has been a long-standing debate. Advertising that increases the dispersion of consumers’ valuations for advertised goods raises the market power of firms, while advertising that decreases the dispersion of consumers’ valuations leads to narrower price-cost margins and superior performance in markets for advertised goods. Numerous challenges confound the empirical identification of advertising effects on market performance. This paper proposes a simple method that relies on the revealed preferences of firms participating in generic advertising programs. Generic advertising programs provide a unique window through which to observe advertising effects on market performance, because changes in the dispersion of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Advertising; Oligopoly; Marketing; L1; M37.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49187

THE CHANGING FACE OF FOOD RETAILING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Senauer,   Benjamin; Seltzer,   Jonathan M.
Honorable Mention, Outstanding Choices Article Award, 2011
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Retailing; Food Trends; Food Consumers; Grocery Purchasing; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; L1; M1; L2; L8.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100790

MONOPSONY POWER IN MULTIPLE INPUT MARKETS: A Nonparametric Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raper,   Kellie Curry; Love,   H. Alan.
Cigarette manufacturers' monopsony power exertion in procuring domestic and imported tobacco is investigated using nonparametric methods.  While it is often assumed that tobacco program rents are captured by growers, results indicate the opposite actually occurs.  Cigarette manufacturers appear to exert significant monopsony power in the domestic leaf tobacco market and capture a large portion of program rents.  Cigarette manufacturers appear to exert monopsony power of much smaller magnitude in the international leaf tobacco market, but with increasing magnitude in more recent years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market power; Tobacco; Nonparametric; Monopsony; Imports.; International Relations/Trade; L1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11656

Interlinked Transactions in Cash Cropping Economies: The Determinants of Farmer Participation and Performance in the Zambezi River Valley of Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Boughton,   Duncan.
This paper investigates the determinants of participation and performance of tobacco contract farmers, and the effects of participation on overall crop and household incomes in the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique. We test the existence of threshold effects in land holdings and educational attainment to identify the types of farmers that benefit. Several results stand out. First, participation in the schemes is driven by factor endowments, asset ownership and alternative income opportunities, and very little by demographic factors. Second, we find no returns to education in tobacco; this result is consistent with previous research in Mozambique but surprising in an agronomically demanding crop like tobacco. Third, there appear to be economies of scale in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Selection bias; Treatment effects; Threshold effects; Household income.; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; L1; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25244

Production of L1 protein from different types of HPV in Pichia pastoris using an integrative vector
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Coimbra,E.C.; Gomes,F.B.; Campos,J.F.; D’arc,M.; Carvalho,J.C.; Mariz,F.C.; Jesus,A.L.S.; Stocco,R.C.; Beçak,W.; Freitas,A.C.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world and is related to the etiology of cervical cancer. The most common high-risk HPV types are 16 and 18; however, the second most prevalent type in the Midwestern region of Brazil is HPV-33. New vaccine strategies against HPV have shown that virus-like particles (VLP) of the major capsid protein (L1) induce efficient production of antibodies, which confer protection against the same viral type. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an efficient and inexpensive expression system for the production of high levels of heterologous proteins stably using a wild-type gene in combination with an integrative vector. It was recently demonstrated that P. pastoris can...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Human papillomavirus; Cervical cancer; Pichia pastoris; L1.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011001200003