Consulta: subjectFacets:"Labor"
Registros recuperados: 35
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 12:25:27

Análisis del impacto del crecimiento económico en función del capital humano, internet y empleo en México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Jiménez García, Martha.
Tomando como referencia al Banco Mundial que indica la necesidad de fomentar las habilidades de las Tecnologías de la Información y la comunicación (TIC) en todos los sectores, especialmente porque un aumento de las conexiones de internet impulsa el crecimiento del PIB. El propósito de esta investigación es impulsar el crecimiento económico en función del capital humano, del internet y del empleo. Se trabajó con la serie de datos  de los años 1991 – 2010, con un modelo econométrico que se resolvió con ecuaciones simultáneas, con el método de mínimos cuadrados en tres etapas. Dicho modelo se basó en la función Cobb-Douglas bajo el modelo Solow. Como resultado se encontró un impacto positivo en el crecimiento económico con las variables estudiadas (capital...
Palavras-chave: Crecimiento económico; Capital humano; Internet; Empleo; Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación; Economic growth; Human capital; Labor; Information and communication technologies; Economía; Doctorado.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2280

MULTIPLE JOB-HOLDING AMONG U.S. FARM WOMEN: OFF-FARM WORK AND ON-FARM DECISION-MAKING USING A BARGAINING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Findeis,   Jill L.; Swaminathan,   Hema.
Participation rates for farm women in off-farm labor markets continue to increase, as does their participation in making major farm decisions such as whether to buy or sell land, adopt a new production practice or invest in farm equipment.  Data from the Survey of U.S. Farm Women conducted in 2001 by Penn State in collaboration with researchers at the Economic Research Service and in collaboration with NASS are used to examine the multiple work roles of farm women off the farm and in farming.  Descriptive statistics for the results of the 2001 survey are compared to those from the last major survey of U.S. farm women conducted by Rosenfeld in 1980. Then, using data limited to farm couples, models of job choice considering jointness in participation are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bargaining models; Multiple job-holding; Decision-making; Intergenerational transfer; Farm women; Off-farm employment; Employment; Labor; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19736

Agricultural Household-Firm Units: Adjustments to Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Findeis,   Jill L.; Swaminathan,   Hema; Jayaraman,   Anuja.
This paper assesses agricultural household-firm unit models to determine a useful typology for agricultural policy assessment that draws upon their use. Both standard and bargaining models for analyzing household decisions, including production, consumption, labor, credit, fertility and child schooling, intergenerational transfer, among other key behaviors of households are discussed, as well as data and estimation issues often encountered with household models. Relevant dimensions of a country or region typology are then suggested, focusing on (1) the extent to which markets, particularly labor markets, are perfect, missing or mixed; (2) relevant intra-household and key demographic considerations; and (3) the differentiation of particular household-firm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural households; Farm households; Labor; Labor adjustments; Off-farm employment; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15738

Determining Educational Needs: A Focus Group Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eberspacher,   Beth; Jose,   H. Douglas.
The first step in planning and delivering a successful program is to identify the needs and interests of the target audience. The North Central Risk Management Education Center, which provides grants for educational programs for producers in the 12 north central states in the US, conducted a series of focus groups with producers. The goals of the focus groups were to: 1) determine the impact of funded programs; 2) assess risk management education needs of producers; 3) assess preferred delivery methods; and 4) determine program characteristics that will enhance participation. The participants had an average age of 45 which is about 12 years younger than the average age of all farmers. With 1,861 acres of owned and rented land, they had slightly larger...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Focus groups; Risk management; Education needs; Labor; Marketing; Human risk; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24242

Reducing Poverty through Investments in Agricultural Water Management: Poverty and Gender Issues and Synthesis of Sub-Saharan Africa Case Study Reports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Namara,   Regassa E.; Safilios-Rothschild,   Constantina.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Investment; Poverty; Gender; Cropping systems; Labor; Manual pumps; Case studies; Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92404

The rural non-farm economy, livelihood strategies and household welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stifel,   David.
This paper examines the relationship between rural non-farm employment and household welfare using nationally representative data from Madagascar. It focuses on labor outcomes in the context of household livelihood strategies that include farm and non-farm income earning opportunities. It identifies distinct household livelihood strategies that can be ordered in welfare terms, and estimates multinomial logit models to assess the extent of the barriers to choosing dominant strategies. It finds that high-return non-farm activities provide an important pathway out of poverty, but that barriers such as lack of (a) education, (b) formal credit and (c) access to telecommunications restrict participation in such activities. Individual employment choice models and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Non-farm; Livelihood strategy; Diversification; Labor; Welfare; Madagascar; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93887

Empirical Analysis on the Determinants of Economic Growth in Shaanxi Province, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fu,   Ji-xian.
Status of economic development in Shaanxi Province is analyzed, showing that Shaanxi Province has achieved the fast and stable economic growth; and total GDP and fixed assets investment have shown a sustainable growth. According to the time series statistics of Shaanxi Province in the years 1978-2008, Cobb-Douglas Function is used to carry out the empirical analysis on the contribution of fixed assets investment and labor input to economic growth of Shaanxi Province, China. Result shows that capital and labor input are the major driving forces for the economic growth of Shaanxi Province. In other words, economic growth mode of Shaanxi Province is still extensive. Economic growth of Shaanxi Province is increasingly dependent on capital investment and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Capital; Labor; Shaanxi Province; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98000

How pro-poor are participatory watershed management projects?: An Indian case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurian,   Mathew; Dietz,   Ton.
This report draws on a survey and case study evidence from 28 watershed management groups in Haryana to argue that participatory watershed management projects need not necessarily safeguard the interests of poorer rural households.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Watershed management; Participatory management; Poverty; Farm income; Labor; Households; Women; Forest management; Dams; Irrigated farming; Case studies; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44542

Designing REDD+ Schemes to Address Permanence Concerns: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veronesi,   Marcella; Schlondorn,   Tim; Zabel,   Astrid; Engel,   Stefanie.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an important topic in the debate on policies to mitigate climate change. This is the first study to test and compare the environmental impact of different REDD+ payment schemes in the field, and provide some insights on the effectiveness of different policies with respect to the permanence of forest-based emission reductions. This study implements a stated preference experiment of time allocation in the unique setting of the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project in Kenya, where charcoaling is a major source of forest degradation. The impact on time allocation is analyzed under the presumption that a hypothetical agricultural policy or an eco-charcoaling policy was introduced. We find that a...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: REDD; Permanence; Deforestation; Labor; Kenya; International Development; I38; J22; O13; Q18; Q23; Q28; Q56.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124131

Implications of Immigration Policies for the U.S. Farm Sector and Workforce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Luckstead,   Jeff.
We develop a theoretical model using migration and trade theory to examine the effects of domestic and border enforcement policies on unauthorized workers and the U.S. agricultural sector.  The theoretical results show that heightened immigration policies increase the illegal farm wage rate, and reduce the employment of unauthorized farm workers and exports.  The empirical analysis show that increased domestic enforcements curtail the number of undocumented farm workers by an average of 8947 and commodity exports to Mexico by an average of $180 million.  The tighter border control curbs illegal farm workers by 8147 and reduces farm exports by $181 million.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Exports; Immigration; Labor; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F160.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61482

Impacto social da produção integrada de abacaxi no estado do Tocantins – Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Clovis Oliveira de; Matos,   Aristoteles Pires de; Cardoso,   Carlos Estevao Leite.
Além do objeto da produção em si, a produção integrada tem como princípios o bem-estar social e a preservação ambiental. Neste artigo avaliam-se os impactos sociais da produção integrada de abacaxi no Estado do Tocantins (Brasil) em oito estabelecimentos rurais. A ferramenta empregada na avaliação, denominada Ambitec Social, foi desenvolvida pela Embrapa, sob a liderança da Embrapa Meio Ambiente. O índice agregado de impacto social apresenta valor positivo e igual a 3,65, de uma escala que varia de 15 negativo a 15 positivo. Entre os indicadores que compõem a metodologia de análise, nenhum deles apresentou resultado negativo: todos exibem valor positivo e diferente de zero. Os indicadores que apresentaram os maiores impactos foram, em ordem de importância,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ananas comosus; Sistema de produção; Relações de trabalho; Ananas comosus; Production system; Labor; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107912

Social Assistance Programs and Outcomes: Food Assistance in the Context of Welfare Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Sonya Kostova; Jensen,   Helen H.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/10/06.  Original 2003 title: DO FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IMPROVE HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY? RECENT EVIDENCE FROM THE UNITED STATES
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food assistance; Food security; Labor; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18579

DAIRY '96, PART III: REFERENCE OF 1996 DAIRY HEALTH AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ott,   Stephen L.
The NAHMS Dairy '96 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's dairy animal population for education and research.  The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with NAHMS to select a statistically valid sample yielding 2,542 producers.  Included in the study were 20 states that represented 83.1 percent of the U.S. milk cows as of January 1, 1996.  Veterinary Medical Officers (VMO's) and Animal Health Technicians (AHT's) collected data for Part III from 1,219 operations that had 30 or more milk cows on January 1, 1996, from February 20 through May 24, 1996.   Contact for this paper: Steven Ott
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: NAHMS; Dairy; Cattle; Health; Mastitis; Labor; Antibiotics; Biosecurity; Vaccination; Manure management; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32752

LIVING THE AMERICAN DREAM? WAGE OUTCOMES OF ALBANIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mane,   Kate M.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Immigrants’ human capital and human capital potential is not fully transferrable into wage levels in the host county. Albania is a recent case in point that offers an opportunity for study. Since the collapse of the totalitarian regime in 1990, Albania has undergone drastic demographic changes, fueled by unprecedented levels of emigration and disproportionately large shares of those who are leaving are highly skilled individuals. Albania’s brain drain has received a large amount of research attention over the years, but little is known about the possible brain gain for the host country, or brain waste resulting from the over education of the immigrant labor force. This paper investigates the issue of human capital transferability by examining the labor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor; Human Capital; Labor and Human Capital; J24-J31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90844

Mudanças na esfera do trabalho: novos modelos de produção e comunicação
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siqueira,   Euler David de.
Descartes’ thought in the 17th century announces the dawning of Modern Age. One of his heritages was the notion that we could get to know further about nature, reducing the complex to its simplest parts. This form of thinking has made us see reality as one made up of parts. The explanation of such parts would enable us to number, ordenate and understand the all. The stratification and hierarchyzation of what one calls society in parts, similar to an organism or as a system formed by economy, communication, language, religion, politics, State, rights, has fomented the idea that such spheres find themselves separated, whereas they are not in fact. This article means to develop the idea that social reality, when seen as a whole, may be able to gather together...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Community; Labor; Flexible accumulation; Dry production.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43538

Intersectoral Migration in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butzer,   Rita; Mundlak,   Yair; Larson,   Donald F.
Using time-series data spanning three decades, we examine the determinants of sectoral migration in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines.  We used a principal-components algorithm to address the problems associated with trended and intercorrelated explanatory variables.  Migration rates in the three countries are low relative to other developing countries, with the consequence of persistent intersectoral income differentials.  Even so, the rate of migration has been responsive to the income ratios in each country.  The migration rates were also affected by the absorbing capacity of nonagriculture, as indicated by several measures.  In contrast to other studies, policy variables consisting of indicators of physical and human capital had little impact on...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Indonesia; Labor; Migration; Philippines; Thailand.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43290

Long-run costs of piecemeal reform: wage inequality and returns to education in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phan,   Diep; Coxhead,   Ian A.
“Shock therapy” transitions in Eastern Europe facilitated movement of skilled workers into privatized industries offering high wage premia relative to state industries. Other transitional economies (notably China and Vietnam) have been slower to relinquish control over key industries and factor markets. Some costs of this piecemeal approach are now becoming apparent. We examine the spillover of continuing capital market distortions into the market for a complementary factor, skilled labor. Using Vietnamese data we find that capital market segmentation creates a two-track market for skills, in which state sector workers earn high salaries while non-state workers face lower demand and lower compensation. Growth is reduced directly by diminished allocative...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor; Skills; State-owned; Inequality; Wages; Vietnam; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; J31; P23; F16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124207

Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; MacDonald,   James C.; Ball,   V. Eldon.
Innovation and changes in technology have been a driving force for gains in productivity growth in U.S. agriculture. USDA's Economic Research Service has developed annual indexes of agricultural inputs, outputs, and total factor productivity (TFP) for 1948 through 2004. American agriculture relies almost entirely on productivity growth to raise output. By lowering the cost of agricultural commodities, productivity growth benefits not only farmers but also food manufacturers and consumers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Total factor productivity; TFP; Labor; Farm economy; Prices; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Technology; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6382

Gender issues and women's participation in irrigated agriculture:  The case of two private irrigation canals in Carchi, Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastidas,   Elena P.
Defines the degree of women's involvement in irrigated agriculture and water users associations in two private irrigation canals in Ecuador and identifies factors that limit their involvement. Analyzes the effects of intra-household dynamics and the women's urban/rural backgrounds on participation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Women in development; Gender; Labor; Privatization; Households; Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Water users' associations; Participatory management; Water allocation; Case studies; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44576

Is There Surplus Labor in Rural India?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foster,   Andrew D.; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.
We show empirically using panel data at the plot and farm level and based on a model incorporating supervision costs, risk, credit-market imperfections and scale-economies associated with mechanization that small-scale farming is inefficient in India. Larger farms are more profitable per acre, more mechanized, less constrained in input use after bad shocks, and employ less per-acre labor than small farms. Based on our structural estimates of the effects of farm size on labor use and the distribution of Indian landholdings, we estimate that over 20% of the Indian agricultural labor force is surplus if minimum farm scale is 20 acres.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; India; Scale; Profits; Labor; Tractors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; O16; O53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95273

Poverty reduction through improved agricultural water management; Proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia Islamabad, Pakistan, 23-24 April 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Poverty; Food security; Households; Income; Drought; Forest policy; Natural disasters; Land ownership; Groundwater; Water market; Water balance; Legislation; Tube wells; Institutional development; Crop production; Wages; Economic aspects; Tillage; Water harvesting; Public policy; Surface water; Labor; Exports; Public sector; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118414

China’s water pricing reforms for irrigation: effectiveness and impact
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liao,   Yongsong; Gao,   Zhanyi; Bao,   Ziyun; Huang,   Qingwen; Feng,   Guangzhi; Xu,   Di; Cai,   Jiabin; Han,   Huijing; Wu,   Weifeng.
Irrigation occupies a central position in China’s crop production. However, due to low per capita water resources, much worse, unevenly distributed over regions and time and the rapid increase of water diversions to non-irrigation sectors, irrigation water shortages have become a very serious problem. Without the adoption of effective measures this problem may even threaten China’s food security. Currently, irrigation efficiency is very low in general, irrigation water prices cannot fully recover water supply costs, and irrigation facilities are aging due to the lack of funding for O&amp;M (operation &amp; maintenance). Since water prices are regulated by the government, and not determined by the market, water prices did not work effectively in water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water rates; Pricing; Price policy; Cost recovery; Farmers attitudes; Water rights; Water market; Water supply; User charges; Irrigation water; Water allocation; Irrigation management; Participatory management; Water conservation; Institutions; Organizations; Water users associations; Cereals; Yields; Models; Labor; Cost benefit analysis; Irrigation requirements; Investment; Groundwater management; Wells; Irrigation canals; Food security; Legal aspects; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91872

THE IMPACT OF SALES CHANGES ON AGRIBUSINESS PAYROLLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunter,   Lewell F.; Wise,   James O.
Agribusiness firms face substantial market risk associated with variations in farm production, output and input prices, exchange rates, and other factors.  Some of the risk faced by agribusiness is passed through to the employees of the firm and to the communities where the firms are located, as employment levels are changed in response to these variations.  An econometric analysis of the transmission of sales changes into payroll changes was performed for a sample of Georgia agribusiness firms.  Transmission elasticities were found to be affected by firm type, size, age, and by the degree of use part-time employees.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Employment stability; Labor; Labor and Human Capital; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15220

Allocation Effects of Policy Reform: A Micro-Simulation of Macro-Model Results for the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hopkins,   Jeffrey W.; Hanson,   Kenneth; Somwaru,   Agapi; Burfisher,   Mary E.
By changing marginal prices and therefore production incentives, removal of government payments will result in a re-allocation of factors of production as farm households pursue alternative economic opportunities. At the economy-wide level these impacts are small, but closer inspection reveals that some household-level impacts will be larger and other households will be affected little if at all. The underlying heterogeneity of the agricultural sector results in variable adjustment along two dimensions. First, survey data show that payments are not evenly distributed so their removal does not have a uniform impact across the sector. Second, even if payments were evenly distributed, factor endowments are not, so that ability to enter into alternative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income; Labor; CGE; Micro-simulation; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15750

Is Wal-Mart a Monopsony? Evidence from Local Labor Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonanno,   Alessandro; Lopez,   Rigoberto A.
This paper measures the degree of monopsony power exerted by Wal-Mart over retail workers using a dominant-firm model and data in the 48 contiguous U.S. states for counties where the company operates, presenting for the first time a measure of the company’s anticompetitive behavior. Empirical results show that Wal-Mart’s monopsony power over workers varies significantly across the country, being higher in non-metro and rural counties, particularly in the south. For instance, Wal-Mart’s buying power index in labor markets in rural southern and central states is estimated to be 5% or higher while the impact on northeastern states’ retail wages is negligible.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wal-Mart; Monopsony power; Wages; Labor; Retailing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J42; L13; L81.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51289

Comparative Economic and Gender, Labor Analysis of Conservation Agriculture Practices in Tribal Villages in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lai,   Cynthia; Chan,   Catherine; Halbrendt,   Jacqueline; Shariq,   Linsey; Roul,   Pravat; Idol,   Travis; Ray,   Chittanrajan; Evensen,   Carl.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: India; Conservation agriculture; Gender; Labor; Maize; Cowpea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120859

The Legal Environment Facing Economic Agents in Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hipp,   Janie S.; Francis,   Harriet F.
Agriculture has seen a steady movement toward the increased use of contracts.  Agricultural contracts now guide the interrelationships of parties throughout the modern production system, extending well beyond the livestock sector.  With this predominance come new issues that require us to reexamine contract theory and the roles of the parties.  This review examines legislation, regulations, and recent court rulings in seemingly unrelated areas that have specific relationships to the development of contracts in production agriculture: environmental law and labor law.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Environment; Labor; Law; Liability; Relationships; Risk; D23; D86; K12; K31; K32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43508

Institutional settings and livelihood strategies in the Blue Nile Basin: Implications for upstream/downstream linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haileslassie,   Amare; Hagos,   Fitsum; Mapedza,   Everisto; Sadoff,   Claudia W.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Gebreselassie,   Solomon; Peden,   Don.
Through rapid assessment of existing literature and review of policy and other official documents, the report synthesizes the existing knowledge and gaps on policies and institutions and identifies key research issues that need in-depth study. The report provides an overview of the range of key livelihoods and production systems in the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) and highlights their relative dependence on, and vulnerability to, water resources and water-related ecosystem services. It also makes an inventory of current water and land related policies and institutions in the BNB, their organizational arrangements, dynamics and linkages and key policy premises. It highlights the major problems in institutional arrangements and policy gaps and makes suggestions for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water policy; Institutions; Institutional development; Farming systems; Mixed farming; Cereals; Sorghum; Irrigated farming; Vegetables; Pastoralism; Poverty; Water supply; Sanitation; Labor; Ecosystems; Energy; Water power; Watershed management; Water harvesting; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; Water users associations; Irrigation programs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91871

Responding to Economic Shocks in Ghana: The Agricultural Sector as a Social Safety Net
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarpong,   Daniel Bruce; Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel.
The objective of this paper is to document, assess and characterize the role Ghana's agriculture has played as a safety net when the urban labor market suffered economic shocks. The study explores how agriculture influences non-agricultural dependent households. Specific attention is given to the implicit value of the informal insurance role that rural households play in supporting family members who lose jobs acquired after migrating to urban areas. The paper analyses Ghanaian agriculture's social security role in the late 1980s and 1990s. This well documented period in Ghanaian economic literature, coincides with both natural and macro policy shocks and the policy measures taken to cope with the shocks.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ghana; Labor; Migration; Rural development; Safety nets; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12009

BEEF '97, PART I: REFERENCE OF 1997 BEEF COW-CALF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dargatz,   David.
The NAHMS Beef '97 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's cow-calf population for education and research.  The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with NAHMS to select a statistically-valid sample yielding 2,713 producers from 23 states.  The 23-state target population represented 85.7 percent of U.S. beef cows on January 1, 1997, and 77.6 percent of U.S. beef operations.  NASS enumerators collected data for this report via a questionnaire administered on-farm from December 30, 1996, through February 3, 1997.  Contact for this paper:  David Dargatz
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: NAHMS; Beef; Cattle; Cow-calf; Labor; Identification; Weaning; Marketing; Breeding; Calving; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32742

Schooling Returns for Wage Earners in Burkina Faso: Evidence from the 1994 and 1998 National Surveys
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazianga,   Harounan.
This paper uses national survey data to estimate up-to-date private rates of return to education in Burkina Faso. Mincer earning regressions are fitted to wage data for women and men, and for public and private sector workers. The main results indicate that rates of return rise by level of education, and the public sector does not compensate female primary education. The findings suggest that current education polices which focus on increasing primary schooling supply be complemented with support for children, especially girls from resource constrained households to reach the secondary and tertiary levels. The estimated returns to education are strongly influenced by sample selection. For both men and women, failing to control for both selection in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Burkina Faso; Education; Labor; Labor and Human Capital; I21; J31.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28388

Testing for Separability in Household Models with Heterogeneous Behavior: A Mixture Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vakis,   Renos; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain; Cafiero,   Carlo.
Knowing whether a household behaves according to separability or non-separability is needed for the correct modeling of production decisions. We propose a superior test to those found in the literature on separability by using a mixture distribution approach to estimate the probability that a farm household behaves according to non-separability, and test that the determinants of consumption affect production decisions for households categorized as non-separable. With non-separability attributed to labor market constraints, the switcher equation shows that Peruvian farm households that are indigenous and young, with low levels of education, and lack of local employment opportunities are more likely to be constrained on the labor market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor; Separability; Mixture distributions; Peru; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; J43; C16; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25016

Room for manoeuvre in time of the workforce in dairy production systems
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Santos Filho,Joel Carneiro dos; Hostiou,Nathalie; Damasceno,Julio César; Dedieu,Benoît.
The objective of this study was to characterize and to analyze the room for manoeuvre in time in dairy production systems (DPS). Two interviews were conducted in twenty DPS in the Northern region of Paraná, Brazil, with the following objectives: to know the management and practices involving the herd, the land area and the commercialization; and to qualify and evaluate the work organization. In order to build the variables, the repertory grid method was used, and for the typology, the graphic methodology of Bertin adapted to small samples was used. The results showed that the room for manoeuvre in time of the DPS, quantified in hours available per year, varied between the farmers and was related to routine work and seasonal work durations, as well as the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture work; Dairy activity; Herd management; Labor; Production system; Work organization.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012001200010

Uterine mast cells: A new hypothesis to understand how we are born
Provedor de dados: 47
Autores: Rudolph,M. Isolde; Rojas,I. Gina; Penissi,Alicia B.
Birth is the result of complex, well-defined, and coordinated events, that are tightly regulated by endocrine, nervous, and immune responses, and take place primarily in the female reproductive tract. Various mechanisms and mediators involved in pregnancy, labor, and delivery, are highly conserved among different mammalian species and mast cells emerge as potential and crucial participants in these processes, as it is discussed in this review.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Uterine Mast Cells; Labor; Myometrium Contractions; Cervical Ripening.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-95452004000100001

Effects of contracts and work relationships on salaries and income distribution of workers in the Chilean agricultural sector, 1996 and 2006
Provedor de dados: 118
Autores: Campos,Jorge; Foster,William.
During the past thirty years the Chilean economy generally and agriculture specifically have grown considerably, raising both per capita GDP and observed real wages of salaried workers. There has been, however, a concern about the country's persistent unequal distribution of income. Among the possible factors associated with income inequality is the relatively infrequent use of contracts in seasonal and occasional work, both strongly present in agriculture. Based on Chilean household surveys (CASEN) for 1996 and 2006, impacts of contracts and work relationships (permanent, seasonal, etc.) on salaries, and their possible contributions to inequality, were measured, accounting for schooling, ethnicity, work experience, geographic zones, and other variables...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Labor; Gender; Income distribution; Inequality; Work contract; Work relationship.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202012000100001