Consulta: subjectFacets:"Labor productivity"
Registros recuperados: 17
Data/hora: 05/06/2024 06:23:30

Diversificación del ingreso rural, su relación con la pobreza y la productividad del trabajo.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Sánchez González, Miguel Angel.
El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los elementos de la diversificación del ingreso  incidentes en el comportamiento de la pobreza y la productividad del trabajo. La información se extrajo por medio de una encuesta, con el empleo del muestreo aleatorio simple; los métodos estadísticos utilizados fueron la regresión logística como método principal y, la regresión lineal  como instrumento de comprobación de consistencia estadística. La diversificación del ingreso impacta el comportamiento de la pobreza hacia su reducción, las variables con más peso en dicha afirmación son las remesas y la diversificación del ingreso en la parcela. Las variables como el tamaño de la familia, el número de dependientes económicos, el nivel de estudio promueven la salida...
Palavras-chave: Diversificación del ingreso; Pobreza; Productividad del trabajo; Diversification of income; Poverty; Labor productivity; Maestría; Economía.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/694

HEALTH, BINGE DRINKING, AND LABOR MARKET SUCCESS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON YOUNG PEOPLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keng,   Shao-Hsun; Huffman,   Wallace E.
Health, like schooling, is a form of human capital and can be expected to be positively related to labor productivity and labor supply.  The production of good health and labor productivity, however, sometimes competes with an individual's lifestyle, e.g., binge drinking.  In this study, an individual's health has three dimensions: current health status, binge drinking which is an unhealthy lifestyle, and stature or mature height which is a young adult's health endowment.  This study presents and fits a dynamic model of an individual's demand for health, demand for binge drinking, labor supply, and wage or demand for labor equations to NLSY 1979 cohort panel data of young people.  We find that binge drinking has a negative but insignificant effect on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health; Labor productivity; Labor supply; Binge drinking; Youth; Panel data; Rational addiction; Human capital; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18252

Food Industry Mergers and Acquisitions Lead to Higher Labor Productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ollinger,   Michael; Nguyen,   Sang V.; Blayney,   Donald P.; Chambers,   William; Nelson,   Kenneth B.
Processing plants in eight major food industries were highly productive before being acquired and they significantly improved their labor productivity afterward, Economic Research Service and U.S. Census Bureau researchers found in their analysis of Census data. The plant-level data on production inputs and costs provided a detailed picture of food-production facilities involved in mergers and acquisitions. The industries are meatpacking, meat processing, poultry slaughtering and processing, cheese making, fluid milk processing, flour milling, feed processing, and oilseed crushing. The analysis suggests that mergers and acquisitions contributed to the general improvement in labor productivity, echoing an earlier ERS study. Labor productivity is defined as...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mergers; Acquisitions; Labor productivity; Consolidation; Structural change; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7246

MEASURING FOOD MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY: GROSS- OR NET-OUTPUT APPROACH?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Kuo S.
The measured multifactor productivity index of the value of shipments shows a trend of declining and then moving up and down along the level of the base year 1975.  The influence of technological changes to the output growth is rather limited.  The measured labor productivity index of the value-added exhibits a trend of steady increase over years. The contribution of the food-manufacturing sector to the growth of GDP increased during 1975-97.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food manufacturing; Multifactor productivity; Labor productivity; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19695

Análise da convergência da produtividade da mão-de-obra agropecuária entre os estados brasileiros: aplicação de matrizes de Markov, 1990-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fochezatto,   Adelar; Stulp,   Valter Jose.
The study analyzes the convergence of the labor productivity in the Brazilian agricultural sector in the nineties, comparing it with its productivity in the other sectors and projecting its future behavior through Markov matrices. The results indicate that the Brazilian states are diverging in the labor productivity in the agricultural sector. Some states will move to a high level and others to a low level of labor productivity. In five of the other sectors of the Brazilian economy there will be a convergence of the states with regard to the labor productivity. In three of these five sectors the states will converge to a low level of labor productivity; in one sector they will converge to two classes of low productivity and in another sector the states...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural; Labor productivity; Convergence; Markov model; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61233

The Optimal Minimum Wage for Poverty Minimization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goto,   Hideaki.
The effects of a minimum wage on employment and on poverty have been studied in the literature. This paper characterizes the poverty minimizing minimum wage, and shows how it depends on productivity, inequality and the degree of labor market competitiveness.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Labor productivity; Market competitiveness; Minimum wage; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; D6; I32; J38; J64.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51160

Human Capital Productivity, and Labor Allocation in Rural Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fafchamps,   Marcel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper investigates whether human capital affects the productivity and labor allocation of rural households in four districts of Pakistan. The investigation shows that households with better-educated males earn higher off-farm income and divert labor resources away from farm activities toward nonfarm work. Education has no significant effect on productivity in crop and livestock production. The effect of human capital on household incomes is partly realized through the reallocation of labor from low-productivity activities to nonfarm work. Female education and nutrition do not affect productivity and labor allocation in any systematic fashion, a finding that is consistent with the marginal role women play in market-oriented activities in Pakistan. As a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Female Labor; Income distribution; Gender issues; Labor productivity; Pakistan; Gender; Childcare; Work; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97040

Labor Market Competitiveness  and Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goto,   Hideaki.
How does labor market competitiveness frame the impact of greater labor productivity and lower inequality on poverty? Specifically, does greater competitiveness increase the impact of higher labor productivity and lower inequality on poverty reduction? In a simple model, we show that there is complementarity between competitiveness and productivity – the greater is one, the larger is the impact of the other. This suggests that improving labor market competitiveness is worthwhile not only for its own sake, but because it improves the transmission mechanism from productivity increases to poverty reduction. We also derive precise conditions under which there is a similar complementarity between equality and competitiveness in poverty reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Labor productivity; Market competitiveness; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; D6; I32; J2; J64.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51159

FOOD MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Kuo S.
The gross-output multifactor productivity index for U.S. food manufacturing grew 0.19 percent per year between 1975 and 1997. This productivity growth is low when compared with an estimate of 1.25 percent per year for the whole manufacturing sector. Low investment in research and development (R&amp;D) could be one reason. Although productivity has been relatively low, food manufacturing output has grown significantly at 1.88 percent over the last two decades. Indeed, the expansion of combined factor inputs provided significant impetus to food manufacturing output. Food manufacturing is materials-intensive, and declining real producer prices of crude food and feedstuffs fueled the expansion of input utilization and drove down prices of processed foods paid...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food manufacturing; Multifactor productivity; Labor productivity; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33557

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND CONVERGENCE IN THE KANSAS FARM SECTOR: A TRIPARTITE DECOMPOSITION USING THE DEA APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mugera,   Amin W.; Langemeier,   Michael R.
The objective of this paper is to analyze sources of labor productivity growth in the Kansas farm sector over the period 1993-2006 for a sample of 668 farms.  The nonparametric production frontier method is used to decompose labor productivity growth into three components: (1) technological catch-up, (2) technological change, and (3) capital deepening.  Kernel estimation methods are used to analyze the evolution of the entire distribution of labor productivity in the sample period.  We find that labor productivity is primarily driven by capital deepening.  On average, capital deepening is the main source of convergence in productivity and technical change is a source of divergence.  We find little evidence of technological catch-up. The impact of the three...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor productivity; Growth; Technological catch-up; Technological change; Capital deepening; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6069

Dinâmica da ocupação e da qualificação da mão de obra na agropecuária brasileira
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maia,   Katy; Rodrigues,   Rossana Lott; Souza,   Solange de Cassia Inforzato de; Moretto,   Antonio Carlos; Kureski,   Ricardo.
The article analyses the effect of trade liberalization, of final consumption and of technological change on employment structure of Brazil and sector agro cattle raising, by skill level, between 1985 and 2003. Therefore, were used input-output and PNAD data of respective years. The results obtained show important change on the employment structure of sector agro cattle raising in this period, in favor the skilled workers, yet that in less proportion relative to others economic sectors, caused by technological change and trade foreign. The agro cattle raising sector revealed dynamic in its employment structure, benefiting more the skill labor with raised labor productivity
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Agro cattle raising sector; Skilled workers; Technological change; Labor productivity; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114177

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN THE AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD: THE  HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION MODEL REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elad,   Renata L.; Houston,   Jack E.; Keeler,   Andrew G.; Baker,   Doyle Curtis.
The benchmark concept is used to understand changes in farm household response to development dynamics.  1996-97 cropping seasons data from Cameroon is used to develop and test a "separate spheres" household model.  Labor productivity for men and women is discussed, along with their implications for research and resource management policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Labor productivity; Gender; Production; Consumption; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16683

Demystifying the German "Armament Miracle" During World War II.  New Insights from the Annual Audits of German Aircraft Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Budrass,   Lutz; Scherner,   Jonas; Streb,   Jochen.
Armament minister Albert Speer is usually credited with causing the boom in German armament production after 1941. This paper uses the annual audit reports of the Deutsche Revisions- und Treuhand AG for seven firms which together represented about 50 % of the German aircraft producers. We question the received view by showing that in the German aircraft industry the crucial changes that triggered the upswing in aircraft production already occurred before World War II. The government decided in 1938 that aircraft producers had to concentrate on a few different types, and in 1937 that cost-plus contracts were replaced with fixed price contracts. What followed was not a sudden production miracle but a continuous development which was fuelled first by learning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: German armament miracle; World War II; Albert Speer; Aircraft industry; Learning-by-doing; Fixed-price contract; Labor productivity; Political Economy; H57; L64; N44.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28473

การใช้เครื่องจักรกลและผลิตภาพแรงงานในการผลิตข้าวของประเทศไทย
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Santi Sanglestsawai; Orachos Napasintuwong Artachinda.
This study reviews the situation of farm mechanization in rice production. Factors affecting labor productivity in rice production, both first and second cropping seasons in 2010/2011, was analyzed using quantile regression and ordinary least square models. The results reveal that increasing farm size would increase labor productivity in both first and second cropping seasons while laborsaving technology would increase labor productivity only in the first cropping season. Thus, increasing farm size, investment in research and development of labor-saving technology, and supporting the appropriate use of labor-saving technology will improve labor productivity in a labor shortage situation.
Tipo: Collection
Palavras-chave: Rice; Farm size; Labor saving technology; Machinary; Labor productivity; Quantile regression; ข้าว; ขนาดฟาร์ม; เทคโนโลยีประหยัดแรงงาน; เครื่องจักรกล; ผลิตภาพแรงงาน; การผลิตข้าว.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5329

Mathematical Model for Optimal Arrangement of Milking Parlor
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Pavel Kic.
Milking is a key operation on dairy farms. The capacity and function of milking parlor influences production conditions (time of operations, needs of labor, total costs), so actually it affects the efficiency of the whole dairy farm. This paper presents a structure and principal parts of mathematical model which was created with the aim to enable to farmers and designers to choose suitable type of milking parlor for specific farm conditions. Three principal questions important for optimization of milking parlor are: technical parameters, indicators of labor productivity and economic criteria. The model structure was created with the aim to find the answer to all of them. The model includes in calculation main parameters of typical arrangements of milking...
Palavras-chave: Farm; Cows; Equipment; Labor productivity; Specific costs; Czech Republic.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3138

Development and evaluation of four-wheel tractor-attached multi-crop planter for mechanized seeding of maize in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: PASCUAL, KRISTINE Samoy; Rafael, Marvelin L; Remocal, Alaissa T; Regalado, Manuel Jose C.
The use of a multi-crop planter (MCP) attached to a compact 4-wheel tractor (4WT) is still not yet fully explored in the Philippines, despite the popularity of 4WT for land preparation in maize areas. A 4WT-attached MCP was developed for row seeding of rice, maize, and mungbean. This study evaluates the MCP adaptive model for maize in a field experiment and on-farm trials at two farmers’ fields during dry season. The MCP with seed metering plate having seven 12-mm diameter holes and 3-mm thickness had a seeding rate of 18.9 kg/ha which is within the targeted design range (15–20 kg/ha), a field capacity of 0.14 ha/h and field efficiency at 78%  in well-tilled-clay soil under controlled condition. In farmer’s fields, the MCP delivered seeding rates within...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Custom-hiring; Field efficiency; Labor productivity; Maize; Multi-crop planter; Seeding rate.
Ano: 2021
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6811

Mathematical Model for Optimal Arrangement of Milking Parlor
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Kic, Pavel.
Milking is a key operation on dairy farms. The capacity and function of milking parlor influences production conditions (time of operations, needs of labor, total costs), so actually it affects the efficiency of the whole dairy farm. This paper presents a structure and principal parts of mathematical model which was created with the aim to enable to farmers and designers to choose suitable type of milking parlor for specific farm conditions. Three principal questions important for optimization of milking parlor are: technical parameters, indicators of labor productivity and economic criteria. The model structure was created with the aim to find the answer to all of them. The model includes in calculation main parameters of typical arrangements of milking...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Farm; Cows; Equipment; Labor productivity; Specific costs; Czech Republic.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3138