Consulta: subjectFacets:"Malawi"
Registros recuperados: 48
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 05:48:04

Jatropha cultivation in Malawi and Mozambique: impact on ecosystem services, local human well-being, and poverty alleviation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Maltitz, Graham P.; CSIR, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; gvmalt@csir.co.za; Gasparatos, Alexandros; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; gasparatos@ir3s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@nmmu.ac.za; Morris, Abbie; Independent development practitioner, Malawi; Chittock.abbie@gmail.com; Willis, Kathy J.; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK; Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, UK; kathy.willis@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Jatropha-based biofuels have undergone a rapid boom-and-bust cycle in southern Africa. Despite strong initial support by governments, donors, and the private sector, there is a lack of empirical studies that compare the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of Jatropha&amp;#8217;s two dominant modes of production: large plantations and smallholder-based projects. We apply a rapid ecosystem services assessment approach to understand the impact of two Jatropha projects that are still operational despite widespread project collapse across southern Africa: a smallholder-based project (BERL, Malawi) and a large plantation (Niqel, Mozambique). Our study focuses on changes in provisioning ecosystem services such as biofuel feedstock, food, and woodland products...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ecosystem services; Jatropha; Malawi; Mozambique; Smallholders.
Ano: 2016

Governance of Aquatic Agricultural Systems: Analyzing Representation, Power, and Accountability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ratner, Blake D.; WorldFish; b.ratner@cgiar.org; Cohen, Philippa; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; WorldFish; p.cohen@cgiar.org; Barman, Benoy; WorldFish; b.barman@cgiar.org; Mam, Kosal; WorldFish; k.mam@cgiar.org; Nagoli, Joseph; WorldFish; j.nagoli@cgiar.org; Allison, Edward H.; School of International Development, University of East Anglia; WorldFish; e.allison@cgiar.org.
Aquatic agricultural systems in developing countries face increasing competition from multiple stakeholders over rights to access and use natural resources, land, water, wetlands, and fisheries, essential to rural livelihoods.  A key implication is the need to strengthen governance to enable equitable decision making amidst competition that spans sectors and scales, building capacities for resilience, and for transformations in institutions that perpetuate poverty.  In this paper we provide a simple framework to analyze the governance context for aquatic agricultural system development focused on three dimensions: stakeholder representation, distribution of power, and mechanisms of accountability.  Case studies from Cambodia, Bangladesh, Malawi/Mozambique,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Accountability; Bangladesh; Cambodia; Civil society; Coastal zone management; Environmental governance; Livelihoods; Malawi; Mozambique; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Solomon Islands; Stakeholder representation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2013

Studies on the Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata) of Malawi 12 Four new species of Gulella s.l.
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
Gulella annibiodiversitatis spec. nov. is described from a few scattered localities in montane forest above c. 1300 m in southern-central Malaŵi. It is mainly characterized by a smallish (4.9-6.3 mm high), smooth and generally featureless shell without apertural dentition. Gulella menkhorsti spec. nov., has a small (2.3-2.9 mm high) and smooth shell with a six-fold dentition and is probably a restricted range endemic; so far it has only been recorded from the Mpita Forest in southern Malaŵi. A single smooth and small shell (2.7 mm) with a seven-fold apertural dentition from the Misuku Hills in northern Malaŵi also does represent a new species, Gulella crux spec. nov. Another sample from the same area, introduced as Gulella nuchalis spec. nov., has a...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Streptaxidae; Gulella; Malawi; East Africa; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/638094

Studies on the Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata) of Malaw^ i 5. Description of Gulella meredithae spec. nov.
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
Gulella meredithae spec. nov. is described from the uplands of central and northern Malawi. It belongs to what has been termed the G. browni-group (better called the G. radius-group), an assemblage of Central and East African taxa with small shells with a noticeably acute apex, with more or less smooth nepionic whorls and with marked costulation on the remaining whorls. Attention is drawn to the striking juvenile apertural dentition.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Streptaxidae; Gulella; Africa; Malawi; Juvenile dentition; Taxonomy; 42.73.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/216030

Studies on the Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata) of Malawi9. Description of Gulella streptostelopsis, a new Streptostele-like species of Gulella.
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
Gulella streptostelopsis spec. nov. is described from a series of localities of mainly between 1000 and 1500 m a.s.l. in Malawi south of about 11°S. The minute, almost smooth, shell (length 2.0-2.4 mm) resembles that of the genus Streptostele (hence the name), but is characterized by three-fold apertural dentition and just under six whorls. This taxon may represent a new genus; pending studies on the anatomy no new generic name is proposed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Streptaxidae; Gulella; Streptostele; Taxonomy; Malawi; East Africa; 42.73.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/226596

Determinants of Moral hazard in Microfinance: Empirical Evidence from Joint Liability Lending Schemes in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred; Phiri,   Alexander.
Moral hazard is widely reported as a problem in credit and insurance markets, mainly arising from information asymmetry. Although theorists have attempted to explain the success of Joint Liability Lending (JLL) schemes in mitigating moral hazard, empirical studies are rare. This paper investigates the determinants of moral hazard among JLL schemes from Malawi, using group level data from 99 farm and non-farm credit groups. Results reveal that peer selection, peer monitoring, peer pressure, dynamic incentives and variables capturing the extent of matching problems explain most of the variation in the incidence of moral hazard among credit groups. The implications are that Joint Liability Lending institutions will continue to rely on social cohesion and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Moral hazard; Joint liability; Dynamic incentives; Group lending; Malawi; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25287

Trade and Development When Exports Lack Diversification: A Case Study From Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Persaud,   Suresh Chand; Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager.
Developing countries, particularly those that depend heavily on a small number of agricultural exports, are vulnerable to domestic and international shocks. These countries often have difficulty achieving sustained economic growth. This analysis uses Malawi, a country that earns most of its foreign exchange from tobacco, as a case study of export concentration and heavy exposure to volatility. The econometric results suggest that the decline in Malawi’s gross domestic product (GDP) when tobacco exports are falling is almost three times greater than the increase in GDP when exports are rising. Model-based simulations indicate that variability in tobacco exports leads to slower economic growth because GDP falls by a relatively large amount in response to a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Tobacco; Export-led growth; Asymmetry; Volatility; Productivity; Trade; Development; Marketing efficiency; Price transmission; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55943

Targeting the poor and smallholder farmers: empirical evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper develops low cost, reasonably accurate, and simple models for improving the targeting efficiency of development policies in Malawi. Using a stepwise logistic regression (weighted) along with other techniques applied in credit scoring, the research identifies a set of easily observable and verifiable indicators for correctly predicting whether a household is poor or not, based on the 2004-05 Malawi Integrated Household Survey data. The predictive power of the models is assessed using out-of-sample validation tests and receiver operating characteristic curves, whereas the model’s robustness is evaluated by bootstrap simulation methods. Finally, sensitivity analyses are performed using the international and extreme poverty lines. The models...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Proxy means tests; Out-of-sample tests; Bootstrap; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I32; C15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57988

Soil Fertility Management And Maize Productivity In Malawi: Curvature Correct Efficiency Modeling And Simulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tchale,   Hardwick; Sauer,   Johannes.
We assess the level and determinants of relative technical efficiency of maize-based smallholder farmers using a translog stochastic frontier (TL) model and a symmetric generalized Barnett production function (SGB), both of which are tested for economic regularity conditions. In addition, we conduct a bootstrapping procedure in order to infer about the probability distributions and significance of the relative efficiency values for farmers using different soil fertility management options. The results indicate that higher levels of relative technical efficiency obtain when farmers use integrated soil fertility options compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. The consistency of the results across the two models increase the robustness of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder agriculture; Relative technical efficiency; Soil fertility management; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52077

What are the Enduring Effects of Fertilizer Subsidy Programs on Recipient Farm Households? Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/23/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer subsidies; Malawi; Sub-Saharan Africa; Endogeneity; Panel data; International Development; Political Economy; C23; C26; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109593

Monitoring of Public Spending in Agriculture in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chilonda,   Pius; Olubode-Awosola,   Femi; Minde,   Isaac J.; Njiwa,   Daniel; Govereh,   Jones.
Public resources are limited and have competing demands, hence prioritization will be critical. Policymakers want to know what public spending on agriculture sector will have the largest impact on the poor and how the resources should be allocated among the different sub-sectors. This brief examines the SADC region’s progress toward meeting the commitments made by African Heads of State and Government in the 2003 Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security to allocate at least 10 percent of national budgetary resources to agricultural sectors. Further, to build understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing governments as they strive to meet this target, the results of case studies of public expenditures on agriculture in Malawi and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public spending; Agriculture; Southern africa; Malawi; Zambia; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51663

Malawi’s Maize Marketing System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob; Mangisoni,   Julius H.
National food security in Malawi depends on improving the performance of maize markets. Ensuring that grain is consistently available at tolerable prices is crucial for consumers’ food security. At the same time, surplus producing farmers need to receive farm-gate prices consistently above production costs to intensify the use of fertilizer and other productivity enhancing technologies in a sustainable manner. These concerns give rise to the classic food price dilemma for policy makers in Malawi: how to keep prices low enough to ensure low income consumers’ access to food while keeping prices high enough to promote farm production incentives. These tensions cannot be avoided but they can be relieved through reducing food marketing margins, which shrink the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Malawi; Maize; Marketing; Food policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62162

The Impact of credit constraints on the adoption of hybrid maize in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred; Diagne,   Aliou.
The paper investigates the impact of credit constraints on the adoption of hybrid maize among rural households in Malawi using the treatment-effects model. Results reveal that after effectively correcting for endogeneity, credit constraints have a reducing effect on the size of land allocated to hybrid maize. Farmers with larger land holdings allocate more land to hybrid maize while older farmers allocate less land to hybrid maize. These findings suggest that there is scope for increasing the cultivation of hybrid maize in Malawi if credit is targeted at younger farmers that are credit-constrained.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraints; Hybrid maize; Adoption; Treatment- effect; Endogenous; Malawi; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51627

Market Access by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi: Implications for Technology Adoption, Agricultural Productivity, and Crop Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Diagne,   Aliou; Mataya,   Charles.
In Malawi, maize is the major crop and food staple. Given limited off-farm employment opportunities, much-needed increases in household income for improving food security must come from gains in agricultural productivity through better technology and more profitable crops. In the past, agricultural policy promoted hybrid maize and, more recently, tobacco to increase smallholder income. This paper presents an analysis of what determines the adoption of these two crops and what kind of income effects follow from adoption. Apart from factor endowment and exposure to agroecological risks, differences in the household's access to financial and commodity markets significantly influence its cropping shares and farm income.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Non-agricultural; Malawi; Tobacco; Price; Food Security; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97054

Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minde,   Isaac J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Ariga,   Joshua; Jones,   Govereh.
It is generally agreed that increasing agricultural productivity                         is critical to stimulating the rate of economic growth in Africa.                         There are many important and often complementary                         determinants of agricultural productivity. In this brief and the                         full paper it draws from, the focus is on fertilizer and                         improved seed, without intending to imply that they are the                         only or most significant productivity  determinants.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Africa; Malawi; Zambia; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54509

Market Integration with Transaction Costs in Developing  Country Staple Food Markets: the Case of the Malawi Maize market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zant,   Wouter.
We investigate measurement of market integration of staple food markets in developing countries. The analysis takes the Parity Bound Model as starting point and modifies this model by parameterizing and estimating transaction costs. The specification of transaction costs takes account of transport costs, fixed source costs, fixed destination costs, ad valorem taxes &amp; levies and seasonality an is implemented on the basis of a specific sub-sample of price differentials. Price differentials combined with predicted transaction costs enable the measurement of market integration for each location and each period. The proposed method is applied to the Malawi maize market with monthly data from June 1999 to October 2009 for 26 districts. This period covers two...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food markets; Transaction costs; Trade; Market integration; Parity Bound Model; Malawi; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95777

FOOD INFLATION IN MALAWI: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ularo,   Khonje Makaiko Gonapanyanja.
Despite consecutive years of good harvest, Malawi has experienced continuous price escalation of staple food commodities unsolved over the time. The real price of maize in Malawi has increased by 141 percent between 1998 and 2008, and has been rising along with the food prices of many other commodities over this period. This study therefore investigates the determinants of food inflation rate in Malawi and its effect on the economy. Monthly and annual data were collected from National Statistical Office and Reserve Bank of Malawi from 1978 to 2008. Data were analyzed by estimating an error correction model (ECM). The results show that fertilizer prices, crop diversification index, maize prices, diesel prices, real exchange rates and real interest rates...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Food inflation; ECM; Crop diversification; GDP; Economy; Malawi; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117802

Marriage Behavior Response to Prime-Age Adult Mortality: Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ueyama,   Mika; Yamauchi,   Futoshi.
This paper examines the effect of AIDS-related mortality of the prime-age adult population on marriage behavior among women in Malawi. A rise in prime-age adult mortality increases risks associated with the search for a marriage partner in the marriage market. A possible behavioral change in the marriage market in response to an increase in prime-age adult mortality is for marriage to occur earlier to avoid women’s exposure to HIV/AIDS risks under the condition that the risks are higher during singlehood. We test this hypothesis using micro data from Malawi, where prime-age adult mortality has drastically increased. In the analysis, we estimate prime-age adult mortality that sample women have observed during the adolescent period by utilizing retrospective...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Marriage; Sexual behavior; Malawi; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42327

Soil Fertility Management Choice in the Maize-Based Smallholder Farming System in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wobst,   Peter; Tchale,   Hardwick; Frohberg,   Klaus.
The paper analyses the factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of soil fertility management options in Malawi using a two-stage maximum likelihood estimation procedure. Using results from the Double-Hurdle model, the paper estimates the probabilities and intensities of fertilizer application conditional on choice of inorganic fertilizer. The findings indicate that relative wealthy indicators, human capital, credit and market access, food security index and land pressure are the main factors that greatly influence farmers’ choice and intensity of input investment. Although there is a high and positive correlation between probability of adoption and intensity of application, factors that influence adoption are not necessarily the same as those that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil fertility management; Smallholder farmers; Double-Hurdle model; Malawi; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9524

Subsistence farmer preferences for alternative incentive policies to encourage the adoption of conservation agriculture in Malawi: A choice elicitation approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marenya,   Paswel Phiri; Smith,   Vincent H.; Nkonya,   Ephraim M.
Land degradation in most sub Saharan Africa is a widely recognized problem and is due in large part to poor land management practices. To address this problem, several policy-based incentives to increase the adoption of better land management practices have been proposed, including fertilizer subsidies, cash payments and, more recently, subsidized or commercially offered weather index-based insurance contracts. However, little is known about farmers’ preferences among these policy alternatives, their relative effectiveness, and their likely fiscal implications. Using survey and choice elicitation data from 271 farmers in Central Malawi, this study examines smallholder farmers’ preferences among four major policy options that provide incentives for adopting...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice elicitation; Cash transfer; Fertilizer subisdy; Incenitves; Indemnity insurance; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124010

Alternative Soil Fertility Management Options in Malawi - An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Tchale,   Hardwick.
In this paper, we analyze the factors that influence the productivity of maize among smallholder farmers, given that unfavourable output and input market conditions throughout the 1990s have compelled smallholder farmers into unsustainable agricultural intensification. We use farm-household survey data in order to compare the productivity of smallholder maize production under integrated (ISFM) and chemical-based soil fertility management using a normalized translog yield response model. The results indicate higher maize yield responses for integrated soil fertility management options after controlling for the intensity of fertilizer application, labour intensity, seed rate, land husbandry practices as well as selected policy factors. The estimated model is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Smallholder agriculture; Soil fertility management; Yield response model; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21423

To Target or Not to Target? The cost efficiency of indicator-based targeting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper assesses the cost efficiency of indicator-based targeting. Using household survey data from Malawi, we examine whether an indicator-based targeting of the poor is more target- and cost-efficient than the currently used mechanisms for targeting agricultural subsidy programs in the country.  There is compelling evidence in favor of targeting Malawi’s poor based on the newly developed system. An indicator-based targeting system appears to be more target- and cost-efficient than the 2000/01 Starter Pack and the 2006/07 Agricultural Input Subsidy Program (AISP). While the Starter Pack and the AISP transferred about 50% of total transfer, under an indicator-based system, about 73% of transfers are delivered to the poor. Likewise, under an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Validation tests; Cost efficiency; Development policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C13; I32.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61007

Improved Legume Seed Demand Systems in Central Malawi: What Do Farmers' Seed Expenditures Say about Their Preferences?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kankwamba,   Henry; Mangisoni,   Julius H.; Simtowe,   Franklin; Mausch,   Kai; Siambi,   Moses.
The overall objective of this paper is to assess the demand for improved groundnut, bean, and soybean seed in central Malawi. Specifically, it examines how smallholder farmers respond to changes in market prices of improved legume seed. It also assesses factors that affect the decision to participate in improved seed technology transfer. Considering four commodities namely groundnuts, beans, soybeans and maize,  a staple food,  the paper estimates a multivariate probit and a linear approximate of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) using cross section data collected by ICRISAT in 2010. Uncompensated price and expenditure elasticities are reported for the LA/AIDS model. The paper finds high own price elasticities in all four commodities considered. It...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Legumes; Multivariate Probit; LA/AIDS; Malawi; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123945

Operational Models for Improving the Targeting Efficiency of Agricultural and Development Policies: A systematic comparison of different estimation methods using out-of-sample tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
Accurate targeting is key for the success of any development policy. While a number of factors might explain low targeting efficiency such as governance failure, political interference or lack of political will, this paper focuses on improving indicator-based models that identify poor households and smallholder farmers more accurately.    Using stepwise regressions along with out-of-sample validation tests and receiver operating characteristic curves, this paper develops proxy means tests models for rural and urban Malawi. The models developed have proved their validity in an independent sample and therefore, can be used to target a wide range of development policies to the poor. This makes the models a potentially interesting policy tool for the country.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Predictions; Proxy means tests; Out-of-sample tests; ROC curve; Bootstrap; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C13; C51; C52; I3; I32; Q14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51454

Agricultural Subsidies and Forest Pressure in Malawi's Miombo Woodlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Shively,   Gerald E.
This paper examines impacts of an agricultural subsidy program on forest pressure in Malawi. Using household survey data, we measure the effect on forest product marketing and on forest clearing of Malawi's Starter Pack Scheme (SPS). Regression results show households receiving a free packet of hybrid maize seed and chemical fertilizer (a "starter pack") had lower levels of commercial forest extraction than nonrecipient households. In addition, no measurable effect of starter pack receipt is found on forest clearing decisions, suggesting the program raised agricultural output without encouraging agricultural expansion. Findings thus indicate potential modest improvement in forest condition due to the SPS.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agricultural intensification; Conservation and development; Malawi; Tropical deforestation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8646

Who Should be Interviewed in Surveys of Household Income?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Carr,   Edward R.
This study tests the null hypothesis that it is sufficient to interview only the household head to obtain accurate information on household income. Results show that using a husband’s estimate of his wife’s income does not produce statistically reliable results for poverty analysis. Estimates of the wife’s income provided by the husband and wife are in agreement in only six percent of households. While limiting interviews to one person has the advantage of reducing the time and expense of household surveys, this appears detrimental in terms of accuracy, and may lead to incorrect conclusions on the determinants of poverty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Gender; Household dynamics; Household surveys; Malawi; Poverty; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95950

Food Calorie Intake and Food Security under Grain Price Inflation: Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Fang,   Cheng; Sanogo,   Issa; Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.
A comprehensive analysis of food demand and nutrient consumption using recent, representative household survey data from Malawi is presented. Expenditure and price elasticities have been estimated for 20 food groups using a quadratic almost ideal demand system based on 4 income groups identified by the Goldfeld-Quandt tests. Although the current boom of maize price provides an opportunity to rethink development strategies that diversify the commodity sectors, developing countries will not necessarily benefit from this change absent significant improvements in production capacities and trade infrastructures. Malawi is likely to suffer from higher commodity prices in the short-run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Goldfeld-Quandt tests; A quadratic almost ideal demand system; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; D12; O13; R21; R31; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103266

HIV/AIDS and Adolescent's School-Work Choices in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nankhuni,   Flora J.
Malawi is facing a severe HIV/AIDS Pandemic. With an estimated prevalence rate of 14.2%, it ranks eight in the world. About 900,000 Malawians were infected by 2003 and there were110,000 new infections and 87,000 deaths due to HIV/AIDS in 2003. The disease has poten tially devastating impacts. For example, 'taking children out of school' is mentioned as one of the coping mechanisms (Garbus 2003) but evidence is mixed. Doctor (2004) found no statistically significant difference between enrollment of orphans and non-orphans and mentioned an effective extended family structure as explanation. However, HIV/AIDS, poverty, macroeconomic policies, and food shortages are reported to render informal safety networks of the extended family systems irrelevant (Garbus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Demographic Economics; Time Allocation; Malawi; Labor and Human Capital; 01; J1; J2; Human Capital; 05.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25540

Alternative Soil Fertility Management Options in Malawi – An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Tchale,   Hardwick.
In this paper, we analyze the factors that influence t he productivity of maize among smallholder farmers, given that unfavourable output and input market conditions throughout the 1990s have compelled smallholder farmers into unsustainable agricultural intensification. We use farm-household survey data in order to compare the productivity of smallholder maize production under integrated (ISFM) and chemicalbased soil fertility management using a normalized translog yield response model. The results indicate higher maize yield responses for integrated soil fertility management options after controlling for the intensity of fertilizer application, labour intensity, seed rate as well as land husbandry practices a s well as selected policy factors. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder agriculture; Yield response model; Soil fertility management; Malawi; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25407

Macroeconomic adjustment and agricultural performance in Southern Africa: a quantitative overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bautista,   Romeo M.
"February 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Macroeconomics -- Models; Economic development; Agricultural development -- Africa; Southern; Malawi; Tanzania; Zimbabwe; Zambia; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97768

SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN MALAWI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tchale,   Hardwick; Sauer,   Johannes.
In this paper we analyze the factors that influence the productivity of maize among smallholder farmers. We use farm-household survey data in order to compare the productivity of smallholder maize production under integrated (ISFM) and chemical-based soil fertility management using a normalized translog yield response model. The results indicate higher maize yield responses for integrated soil fertility management options after controlling for the intensity of fertilizer application, labour intensity, seed rate, land husbandry practices as well as selected policy factors. The estimated model is highly consistent with theoretical conditions. Thus we conclude that the use of ISFM improves maize productivity, compared to the use of inorganic fertilizer only....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Smallholder agriculture; Soil fertility management; Yield response model; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14954

The efficiency of smallholder agriculture in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tchale,   Hardwick.
This paper analyses Malawi’s smallholder agricultural efficiency, using a nationally representative sample survey of rural households undertaken by the National Statistical Office in 2004/2005. It aims to inform agricultural policy about the level and key determinants of inefficiency in the smallholder farming system that need to be addressed to raise productivity. The study found that the factors that improve efficiency are higher output prices relative to input costs, favorable commodity and input markets, farmers’ organizations, extension, productive assets, and the quantity and productivity of household labor. The wide range of inefficient practices suggests there is considerable scope for improving efficiency in the smallholder sub-sector. The paper...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Smallholder agriculture; Efficiency; Malawi; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56909

The Role of ICT-based Market Information Services in Spatial Food Market Integration: The Case of Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katengeza,   Samson P.; Mangisoni,   Julius H.; Okello,   Julius Juma.
The government of Malawi in 2004 initiated an ICT-based Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange (MACE), a market information service project, to improve access by farmers to market information. MACE was intended to improve the efficiency of agricultural markets as part of the strategy to improve food security. This study uses quantitative methods to examine whether MACE has contributed to efficiency of rice markets in Malawi. It especially tests if MACE has contributed to spatial integration of rice markets. As hypothesized, the study finds that the tendency of rice prices to move together in spatially separated markets has significantly increased since the implementation of MACE. It concludes that ICT-based market information services improve the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: ICT-based intervention; Market information service; Market integration; Rice; Malawi; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96170

Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minde,   Isaac J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Ariga,   Joshua; Govereh,   Jones.
This study was funded jointly by the Regional Strategic Agricultural Knowledge Support System (Re-SAKSS) for Southern Africa, based at International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa, and by the United States Agency for International Development's Africa Bureau. Much of the data and analysis reported in this study was carried out under the Tegemeo Agricultural Monitoring and Policy Analysis Project, funded by USAID/Kenya; the Food Security Research Project/Markets, Trade and Enabling Environment (MATEP) Program, funded by USAID/Zambia and the Swedish International Development Agency; and by the DFID and USAID offices in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Africa; Malawi; Zambia; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54934

Aquaculture for African smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brummett,   Randall E.; Noble,   R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Small scale aquaculture; Integrated farming; Aquaculture systems; Appropriate technology; Malawi; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44729

Insights from Poverty Maps for Development and Food Relief Program Targeting: An Application to Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Todd.
Poverty mapping applies models of household welfare developed from detailed household consumption and expenditure surveys to the extensive but less detailed data from national censuses. A poverty map for Malawi, developed by drawing upon information from the 1997–98 Malawi Integrated Household Survey with the 1998 Malawi Population and Housing Census, provides aggregate estimates of household welfare and poverty at a highly disaggregated level—down to the level of local government wards. Given the close association between welfare and food security in most Malawi households, such a detailed poverty map can be of considerable value to development and relief organizations, as they plan and target activities to improve the ability of poor households to cope...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty mapping; Food security; Malawi; Food relief; Targeting; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55897

Trends and Patterns in Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Farmers in Kenya, 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ariga,   Joshua; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Kibaara,   Betty; Nyoro,   James K.
This study uses nationwide household panel survey data from 1996/97 to 2006/07 to examine trends in fertilizer use on maize by smallholder maize growers. The paper also compares these findings with fertilizer use rates according to other recent surveys in Kenya to assess comparability. We also examine the correlation between household fertilizer use and indicators of welfare such as wealth and landholding size. In addition, we use econometric techniques applied to household survey data to identify the main household and community characteristics associated with fertilizer purchases. Lastly, the study considers alternative policy strategies for maintaining smallholders’ access to fertilizer in the current context of substantially higher world fertilizer...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Africa; Malawi; Kenya; Small Holders; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55169

Does Subsidizing Fertilizer Increase Yields? Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Black,   J. Roy.
Despite their strain on government and donor budgets, fertilizer subsidies have once again become popular policy tools in several Sub-Saharan Africa countries as a potential way to increase yields in staple crops like maize. Policy makers often assume that farmers who receive the subsidy will achieve yield responses that are similar to those obtained by farmers who pay commercial prices for the input. This notion has not been verified empirically. Our study uses panel data from Malawi, a country that recently implemented a fertilizer subsidy program, to compare maize yield response to fertilizer from farmers who received subsidized fertilizer with yield responses from those who paid commercial prices for the input. Descriptive results indicate that maize...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Fertilizer Subsidies; Production Function; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49532

Food Crises and Food Markets: Implications for Emergency Response in Southern Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Concern about humanitarian crises in southern Africa, especially in light of the surge in world food prices since 2007, has been accompanied by calls for direct government action in food markets. This paper reviews how Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique handled private food markets during the food crises of 2001/02, 2002/03, and 2005/06, which may provide important lessons for the management of future crises. Lack of trust between government and traders can lead to behavior that undermines the interests of each and harms consumers and farmers; Malawi and Zambia have persistently fallen into this trap while Mozambique has partially avoided it. Empirical policy analysis can make an important contribution to resolution only within a consultative process involving...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Southern Africa; Malawi; Mozambique; Zambia; Markets; Emergency response; Trust; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54559

Determinants of Agricultural Technology adoption: the case of improved groundnut varieties in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Asfaw,   Solomon; Diagne,   Aliou; Shiferaw,   Bekele A.
This paper applies the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) framework on data obtained from a random cross-section sample of 594 farmers in Malawi to document the actual and potential adoption rates of improved groundnut varieties and their determinants conditional on farmers’ awareness of the technology. The fact that not all farmers are exposed to the new technologies makes it difficult to obtain consistent estimates of population adoption rates and their determinants using direct sample estimates and classical adoption models such as probit or tobit. Our approach tries to control for exposure and selection bias in assessing the adoption rate of technology and its determinants. Results indicate that only 26% of the sampled farmers grew at least one of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Adoption; Average Treatment Effect; Malawi; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95921

Staple food prices in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas.
Prepared for the Comesa policy seminar on “Variation in staple food prices: Causes, consequence, and policy options”, Maputo, Mozambique, 25-26 January 2010 under the African Agricultural Marketing Project (AAMP)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Food security; Food prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58558

IWRM and Rural Livelihood Project in Dzimphutsi: Process documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Shaba,   Stalin.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Multiple use; Project planning; Project management; Participatory management; Community involvement; Dams; Irrigation schemes; Irrigated farming; Fish ponds; Livestock; Domestic water; Villages; Water scarcity; Institution building; Water users; Impact assessment; Malawi; Dzimphutsi Village; Mtendere Irrigation Scheme; Nkudzi River; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91814

Income and Price Elasticities of Food Demand and Nutrient Consumption in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ecker,   Olivier; Qaim,   Matin.
Widespread malnutrition in developing countries calls for appropriate interventions, presupposing good knowledge about the nutritional impacts of policies. Little previous work has been carried out in this direction. We present a comprehensive analytical framework, which we apply for Malawi. Using household data and a demand systems approach, we estimate income and price elasticities of food, calorie, and micronutrient consumption. These estimates are used for policy simulations. Given multiple nutrient deficiencies, income-related policies are better suited than price policies to improve nutrition. While consumer subsidies for maize increase calorie and mineral consumption, they contribute to a higher prevalence of vitamin deficiencies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quadratic almost ideal demand system; Food security; Micronutrient malnutrition; Calorie elasticities; Nutrient elasticities; Malawi; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6349

Why the Poor in Rural Malawi Are Where They Are: An Analysis of the Spatial Determinants of the Local Prevalence of Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Todd; Chamberlin,   Jordan; Rhinehart,   Ingrid.
We examine the spatial determinants of the prevalence of poverty for small spatially defined populations in rural Malawi. Poverty prevalence was estimated using a small-area poverty estimation technique. A theoretical approach based on the risk chain conceptualization of household economic vulnerability guided our selection of a set of potential risk and coping strategies—the determinants of our model—that could be represented spatially. These were used in two analyses to develop global and local models, respectively. In our global model—a spatial error model—only eight of the more than two dozen determinants selected for analysis proved significant. In contrast, all of the determinants considered were significant in at least some of the local models of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial regression; Poverty determinants; Poverty mapping; Malawi; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59601

The New Generation of African Fertilizer Subsidies: Panacea or Pandora’s Box?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob.
For several reasons, fertilizer subsidies are again popular policy tools. First, there is broad agreement that fertilizer is a critical yet still-underused input for improving productivity and food security in Africa. Second, politicians have felt greater urgency to increase domestic food production since the 2007/08 food price crisis. Third, subsidy programs are highly visible, popular with voters, and viewed as politically beneficial. Fourth, donor budget support has made it easier for governments to pay for subsidies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer subsidies; Africa; Malawi; Zambia; Senegal; Feed The Future; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107460

Disrupting Demand for Commercial Seed: Input Subsidies in Malawi and Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob.
Input subsidy programs that provide inorganic fertilizer and improved maize seed to small farmers below market rates are currently receiving a great deal of support as a sustainable strategy to foster an African Green Revolution. In recent years numerous countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, and Zambia have implemented such programs at substantial cost to government and donor budgets. For example, in 2008 Malawi spent roughly 70% of the Ministry of Agriculture’s budget or just over 16% of the government’s total budget subsidizing fertilizer and seed. In Zambia between 2004 and 2011, an average of 40% of the government’s agricultural sector budget was devoted to fertilizer and maize seed subsidies...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Zambia; Seed; Input subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123554

The Impact of Access to Credit on the Adoption of hybrid maize in Malawi: An Empirical test of an Agricultural Household Model under credit market failure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Guided by the frame work of a household model under credit market failure, this paper aims at investigating the impact of access to credit on the adoption of hybrid maize among households that vary in their credit constraints. The data used in the study is from Malawi collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).Using the direct elicitation approach; households are classified into constrained and unconstrained regimes. The impact of access to credit is estimated using a switching regression in a Double-Hurdle model. Results reveal that while access to credit increases adoption among credit constrained households, it has no effect among unconstrained households. Results also show that factors that affect adoption among credit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraints; Double-hurdle; Hybrid maize; Adoption; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52076

Mortality, Mobility, and Schooling Outcomes Among  Orphans: Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ueyama,   Mika.
A tremendous increase in the number of orphans associated with a sharp rise in prime-age adult mortality due to AIDS has become a serious problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, more than 30 percent of school-aged children have lost at least one parent in Malawi. Lack of investments in human capital and adverse conditions during childhood are often associated with lower living standards in the future. Therefore, if orphans face an increased risk of poverty, exploitation, malnutrition, and poorer access to health care and schooling, early intervention is critical so as to avoid the potential poverty trap. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of orphanhood/parental death on children’s mortality risks, migration behaviors, and schooling...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Orphan; Mortality; Mobility; School enrollment; Grade progression; HIV/AIDS; Sample attrition; Malawi; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42403