Consulta: subjectFacets:"Microbial contamination"
Registros recuperados: 22
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 11:14:29

Avaliação microbiológica de amêndoas de castanha-do-brasil em usinas de beneficiamento no Acre.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SOUZA, J. M. L. de; CARTAXO, C. B. da C.; LEITE, F. M. N.; REIS, F. S.
Nativa da Região Amazônica, a castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) é considerada uma das maiores riquezas nos estados que formam a Amazônia Brasileira. Um dos grandes problemas na conservação da castanha-do-brasil deve-se ao crescimento de fungos produtores de aflatoxinas e bactérias patogênicas, por causa das condições de umidade relativa e temperatura elevadas a que é submetida desde o momento da queda do ouriço. Assim, buscou-se identificar, em indústrias de processamento de castanha-do-brasil no Acre, os microrganismos responsáveis pela qualidade sanitária, especialmente os do grupo coliformes, bactérias mesáfilas, bolores e leveduras. Foram coletadas amostras nos meses de agosto de 2001 a maio de 2002, em cinco etapas do processamento. As...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Castanha do brasil; Acre; Amazônia Ocidental; Western Amazon; Amazonia Occidental; Nuez del Brasil; Calidad de la fruta; Tecnología de procesamiento.; Aflatoxinas; Micotoxinas; Contaminación microbiana; Castanha do pará; Bertholletia excelsa; Microbiologia; Análise bacteriológica; Fruto; Qualidade; Processamento; Contaminação fúngica; Micotoxina; Aflatoxina; Aspergillus flavus; Brazil nuts; Fruit quality; Microbial contamination; Processing technology; Fungi; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/501670

Mise en evidence et evaluation de l'enrichissement bacterien du film de surface des eaux littorales d'effluents urbains
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Beucher, M; Plusquellec, A; Legal, Y; Cleret, J.
Sea water samples were collected in the vicinity of urban non-treated, urban treated and industrial outfalls. The samples belonged to two differents types: the first one consisted of the surface film, the second was the corresponding water at 50 cm depth. The enumeration of the bacteria in both types of samples indicated a significant concentration of the mesophilic flora and of the indicators of fecal pollution in the surface film. The value of the concentrating factor depended largely on the nature of the sewage and did not reflect differences between the various bacterial groups. At one of the stations a very significant regression was demonstrated between surface sample and depth sample.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bacteria; Bacteriology; Bacterial counters; Industrial wastes; Pollution indicators; Coastal waters; Microbial contamination; Indicator species; Sewage; Outfalls; Surface films.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1006.pdf

Determination du profil des flores bacteriennes des zones littorales. Application a l'evaluation de l'impact des rejets
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bunetel, L; Segui, A; Guerin, J; Lerman, I; Cormier, M.
The principle of this method is to evaluate, by counts exercised upon selective media, the relative importance of the different bacteria families in the flora of the coastal waters. It is important to separate the contaminant species and the commensal species in the marine environment. Ten culture media distributed into four categories (selective, non selective, saline and non saline) were examined by numeration. Counts were transferred on a diagram allowing to plot down a profile of bacterial flora of water sampled from a given geographical area. The profiles are arranged by a classification method. The sampling points with similar or adjoining profiles were assembled and marked on the chart. In this way, the authors obtained areas representing the impact...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bacteria; Coastal waters; Microbiological culture; Sewage disposal; Microbial contamination; Bacterial counters; Bacteria collecting devices.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1004.pdf

Implantation et survie de Campylobacter jejuni/coli chez la moule Mytilus edulis
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Minet, Jacques; Sauvager, F; Cormier, M.
Illnesses due to marine bivalvia consumption are mostly associated with viruses as causative agents. In more than the half of cases, this agent remains unidentifies, nevertheless. So far as bacteria are concerned, Salmonella are found firstly. Campylobacters represent a major cause of gastrointestinal disease, with Salmonella, among humans. Whether campylobacteriosis may be acquired from shellfishes remains unclear. We undertook to comparatively appreciate the survival of Campylobacter jejuni/coli and Salmonella typhimurium in seawater and contaminated mussels. Bacterial enumerations where performes using microbial cultures and specific (with immunofluorescence) direct viable counts (of substrate responsive bacteria). During laboratory contamination...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; Mytilus edulis; Bivalvia; Pathogenic bacteria; Seafood; Microbial contamination; Pollution effects; Bacteria; Sea water; Survival.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1606.pdf

Characterization of Vibrio isolated from Crassostrea gigas spat suffering summer mortality outbreaks (slides)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gay, Melanie; Renault, Tristan; Le Roux, Frédérique.
The pathogens related to summer mortality outbreaks are a herpes virus and two bacterial strains one belonging to Vibrio splendidus biovar II and the other to Vibrio splendidus spp. However, the feature pathogen/opportunist of these strains is still unknown. Several strains belonging to the genus Vibrio have been identified as pathogen for different mollusk species. In the context of the French program Morest, experiments of cohabitation have been used to demonstrate the potential presence of a transmissible infectious agent in batches of oysters suffering from summer mortality outbreaks. More than one hundred Vibrio strains have been isolated from these experiments. These strains have been phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Their virulence...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Vibrio splendidus; Vibrio lentus; Crassostrea gigas; Summer; Spat; Pathogen; Disease transmission; Oyster culture; Mortality; Microbial contamination; Oysters.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/acte-3343.pdf

Comparaison de methodes directes (microscopiques) et indirectes (par mise en culture) dans l'evaluation d'une pollution bacterienne d'origine fecale. Etude preliminaire
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Munro, P; Bianchi, M.
Cells of two serotypes of Escherichia coli (O26B6 and 0111B4) were counted using epifluorescence and immunofluorescence microscopy (nonavalent serum) and plate count on specific medium. Values from indirect counts were 10 fold smaller than those from both microscopic counts. In a sample of sea water from an area receiving a fecal pollution, the highest number of bacteria was obtained by epifluorescence microscopy. In that case, the number of cells counted by immunofluorescence microscopy was 10 fold smaller than the number of bacteria able to grow on the medium. It could be due to: the diversity of the natural community, the possibility to other bacteria than E. coli to grow on the used culture medium, the restrictiveness of the serum for "pathogenic...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Escherichia coli; Bacteria; Microbiological culture; Pathogenic bacteria; Microbial contamination; Bacterial counters; Fluorescence microscopy; Bacteria collecting devices; Indicator species.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1001.pdf

Analyse bacteriologique de l'eau par mesure potentiometrique de la reduction de l'acide lipoique
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Charriere, G; Jouenne, T; Junter, G.
A simple potentiometric technique to detect and enumerate the bio-indicators of water contamination is described. The technique consists in measuring the redox potential of a specific culture medium saturated with oxygen where bacteria are incubated in presence of lipoic acid (LA). These micro-organisms reduce LA to dihydrolipoic acid, giving rise to an important potential drop in the system. This potentiometric "signal" reveals the presence of active metabolic bacteria in the medium. The major assets of potentiometric measurements in presence of LA lies in the reliability and intelligibility of the results (the redox phenomenon being qualitatively and quantitatively studied), associated to a very simple technology. Futhermore, this technique is perfectly...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bacteria; Pollution indicators; Water quality; Microbial contamination; Indicator species; Pollution detection; Redox potential; Titration.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1007.pdf

L'ionisation des produits de la pêche
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kodo, Jean-louis.
Fishes and fishery products are seafoods which have a nutritive value with a high proteins rate. Fishery products ionization has four steps: the radappertization (sterilization of the seafood), the radicidation (destruction of the pathogen germs), the radurization (food conservation and microbial flora reduction), the desinsectization (insects and parasites elimination). Fishery products quality control is very important
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Legislation; Microbial contamination; Marine fish; Disinfection; Pathogens; Sterilization; Irradiation; Ionizing radiation; Fish inspection regulations; Quality control; Seafood; Processed fishery products; Bacteria.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1990/rapport-649.pdf

Fluorescent antibody enumeration of Vibrio cholerae in the marine environment.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Brayton, P; Roszak, D; Palmer, L; Huq, S; Gimes, D.
From microcosm studies, V. cholerae and related potential human pathogens enter a viable but nonculturable state. Direct viable counts by epifluorescent microscopy consistently remain higher than corresponding plate counts. Thus, the assumption that pathogens "die-off" or "decay" in the marine environment must be re-evaluated, since stressed or nutrient-starved cells are unable to grow and be enumerated by standard plate count methods. Indirect immunofluorescent microscopy offers a more sensitive detection system for environment sampling for human pathogens. Field indicate that cultures positive for V. cholerae O1 are also positive by fluorescent antibody staining; however, the reverse was not necessarily true. By adapting epifluorescent techniques for...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Vibrio cholerae; Bacteria; Experimental research; Marine environment; Pathogenic bacteria; Microbial contamination; Fluorescence microscopy; Bacterial counters; Pollution detection.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1000.pdf

The dispersal of nitrogen-fixing Enterobacteriaceae from sewage into the waters and sediments of Morecambe Bay, UK.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Jones, K; Betaieb, M.
The sediments of Morecambe Bay contain large numbers of salinity-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing Enterobacteriaceae (NFEs) mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae ) which appear to be derived from sewage. Sewage effluents, regardless as to whether they have received primary or secondary treatment, contain huge numbers of NFEs with salinity-tolerant and freshwater strains present in roughly equal quantities. The bacteria are discharged into the rivers and estuaries and carried out to sea. Once in the sea the salinity-tolerant strains retain their viability better than the freshwater strains so that the incoming tide, which doses the sediments, contains mainly salinity-tolerant NFEs. It is probable that similar processes occur all round the U.K. coast, as inshore coastal...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Klebsiella pneumoniae; Enterobacteriaceae; Salinity tolerance; Microbial contamination; Pathogenic bacteria; Bacteria; Sewage; Nitrogen fixation; Sediment pollution; Sea water.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1003.pdf

Etude experimentale de la disparition de coliformes fecaux d'un effluent urb ain en milieu marin
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bonnefont, J; Lelong, P; Martin, Y.
The authors studied survival of faecal coliform (decrease rate + T90) in experimental devices (closed or continuous flow systems) using various dilutions of urban sewage in sea-water. Survival appears to be high (T90 between 12 to 81 h). Dilution level of sewage and organic matter contents seems to be important to explain the decrease of faecal coliforms observed in these experiments.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bacteria; Microbial contamination; Pathogenic bacteria; Survival; Waste water; Marine pollution.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-1009.pdf

Caracterización de la calidad de las aguas y sedimentos del Río Atacames 2002
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Rodríguez de Morán, A.
La presente investigación se desarrolló como parte  de Estudio de calidad de las aguas de los ríos de la Provincia de Esmeraldas durante mayo del 2002, como aporte del INOCAR a la Ilustre Municipalidad del Cantón Atacames, Institución que se encuentra realizando esfuerzos en los planes de operación para cumplir con la concepción del estado ecuatoriano sobre protección ambiental. Se presenta y evalúa los resultados obtenidos tanto en el estudio de calidad de las aguas como de los sedimentos del río Atacames en la Provincia de Esmeraldas, tomando en consideración la distribución y comportamiento superficial de parámetros físico, químicos y microbiológicos en un área que abarca entre 15 kilómetros aguas arriba y su desembocadura en el Océano Pacífico. Durante...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Water quality; River water; Sediments; Oxygen; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Microbial contamination; Pollution effects; Organic wastes; Sewage; Water quality; Microbial contamination; Organic wastes; Oxygen; Sewage; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16061; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37547; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35237; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5477; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7007.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2373

Estudiosd bacteriológicos en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Jeske, R.
Mientras predominan las aguas salobres en la Ciénaga Grande se destacan las formas bacterianas halófilas. Durante la época de lluvias (invierno, disminuye la salinidad, sin embargo las formas halófilas aumentan en número. La reproducción de bacterias de agua dulce se inicia sólo cuando la salinidad llega bajo un valor de un 10°/o/o. Estas alcanzan su valor máximo temporáneo en salinidades de un 3°/o/o. Al mismo tiempo disminuyen las formas halófilas. Observaciones sobre contaminación fecal se realizaron en las aguas de la Ciénaga. Como indicador se utilizó Escherichia coli. En las inmediaciones de los pueblos de pescadores es posible detectar cierta contaminación. En cambio, en el resto de la Ciénaga, en contados casos se observa E. coli. La presencia de...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Microbiological analysis; Microbial contamination; Estuaries; Microbial contamination; Coastal lagoons; Microbiological analysis; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37547; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25302.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3322

Incidences de la modification de la circulation des eaux sur l'hydrochimie et le degré de contamination bactérienne d'un estuaire eutrophe tropical
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Guiral, Daniel; Kouassi, Aka Marcel; Arfi, Robert.
Pour contrôler la prolifération de la végétation aquatique flottante, en Côte d'Ivoire, une ouverture dans le cordon littoral a été pratiquée en septembre 1987 mettant ainsi en communication directe le fleuve Comoé avec l'océan. L'impact de cet aménagement sur l'hydrochimie (salinité, éléments nutritifs et biomasse chlorophyllienne)et le degré de contamination bactérienne a été étudié dans la zone proche du canal de Vridi. Avant la réouverture du grau de Bassam, les eaux du Comoé s'évacuaient dans l'océan par ce canal artificiel situé dans la ville d'Abidjan. L'étude comparative de deux cycles annuels en quatre stations avant (1985) et après (1987/88)l'ouverture du grau de Bassam (Analyses en Composantes Principales(ACP))est discutée en fonction des...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Microbial contamination; Estuarine circulation.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5259

Estimation des niveaux de pollution organique et bactérienne des eaux à proximité des berges de la ville d'Abidjan (lagune Ebrié-Côte d'Ivoire)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Guiral, D.; Kouassi, A.M.; Arfi, R.
Trois campagnes sur l'ensemble de la zone urbaine de la lagune Ebrié (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)ont été réalisées à trois saisons caractéristiques de l'hydroclimat lagunaire (grande saison sèche, grande saison des pluies, petite saison des pluies et crue fluviale)pour estimer les niveaux de pollution organique (seston, ions, ammonium et orthophosphates) et bactérienne ( E.coli et C.perfringens) des eaux à proximité des berges.Celles-ci présentent une forte eutrophisation caractérisée par des concentrations en permanence très élevées pour N-NH4 et lors de la grande saison sèche pour P-PO4. Les charges minérales solides s'accroissent en période de forte dessalure et plus particulièrement lors de la grande saison des pluies.A l'opposé, les charges organiques...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Water pollution; Microbial contamination; Embankments.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5735

Microbiological quality of poultry meat: a review
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Mead,GC.
Poultry meat can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms, including those capable of spoiling the product during chill storage, and certain foodborne pathogens. Human illness may follow from handling of raw meat, undercooking or mishandling of the cooked product. While Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. remain the organisms of greatest global concern in this respect, others present include the more recently reported Arcobacter and Helicobacter spp. and, occasionally, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Also considered here is the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance among poultry-associated pathogens. Because of the need for a systematic and universally applicable approach to food safety control, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Poultry meat; Processing; Microbial contamination.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2004000300001

Morphological and molecular identification of filamentous fungi isolated from cosmetic powders
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Pinto,Flavia Cristina Jastale; Lima,Daniel Braga de; Agustini,Bruna Carla; Dallagassa,Cibelle Borba; Shimabukuro,Maria Fernanda; Chimelli,Márcio; Brand,Debora; Fadel-Picheth,Cyntia Maria Telles; Bonfim,Tania Maria Bordin.
Seven fungi were isolated from 50 samples of cosmetic powders. Morphological analyses and ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers sequencing were performed which allowed the discrimination of the isolated fungi as Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp., and Cladosporium sp. which could have, among their species, potentially pathogenic microorganisms.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Microbial contamination; Ribosomal DNA; Cosmetics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132012000600013

Molecular characterization of microbial contaminants isolated from Umbilical Cord Blood Units for transplant
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Bello-López,Juan Manuel; Noguerón-Silva,Jorge; Castañeda-Sánchez,Jorge Ismael; Rojo-Medina,Julieta.
ABSTRACT Disposal of Umbilical Cord Blood Units due to microbial contamination is a major problem in Cord Blood Banks worldwide as it reduces the number of units available for transplantation. Additionally, economic losses are generated as result of resources and infrastructure used to obtain such units. Umbilical Cord Blood Units that showed initial microbial contamination were subject to strains isolation, identification, and characterization by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR). Moreover, tests of antimicrobial resistance/sensitivity and phenotypic activities that may play an important role in microbial infection were performed. Microbial contamination was detected in 120 Umbilical Cord Blood...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Umbilical Cord Blood Units; Microbial contamination; Molecular characterization.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000600571

Autologous transplant: microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell products
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Almeida,Igor Dullius; Schmalfuss,Tissiana; Röhsig,Liane Marise; Goldani,Luciano Zubaran.
Hematopoietic progenitor cells from peripheral blood (HPCPB) are commonly used for autologous and allogenic transplants in patients with most various onco-hematological diseases, and despite the utilization of sterile techniques during collection and processing of these products, bacterial contamination can occur. This study aimed to investigate the microbial contamination of HPCPB products. Microbial cultures of 837 HPCPB products between the year 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the incidence of culture positivity and identify the main organisms that cause contamination. The microbiological studies were performed with an automated system (BacT/Alert® bioMérieux Corporate). Thirty-six (4.3%) of 837 microbial cultures were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Autologous transplant; Hematopoietic stem cell products; Microbial contamination; Quality control; Bacterial contamination.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702012000400006

Microbial contamination of central supply systems for medical air
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Andrade,Carolina Machado; Brown,Tamara.
There are many standards and recommendations for breathing air quality associated with respiratory protection equipment, but little has been done regarding the possible microbial contamination of medical air. The present study demonstrates quantitatively and qualitatively that pipelines might be incriminated as source of microbial contamination of compressed and synthetic air for medical use. Air samples were drawn into an especially pressure-resistant device and the bacterial and fungi contents were identified after growth on agar plates. The bacterial flora isolated from peripheral air outlets was virtually the same as that found in the central air-generating installations, consisting of a mixture of pathogens and normal skin bacteria. Several factors...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Microbial contamination; Compressed air; Synthetic air; Medical air.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822003000500010

Microbiological monitoring mf mineral water commercialized in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Pontara,André Venturini; Oliveira,Christianne Dezuani Dias de; Barbosa,Amir Horiquini; Santos,Rafael Aparecido dos; Pires,Regina Helena; Martins,Carlos Henrique Gomes.
The quality of mineral water commercialized in Brazil regarding the microbial content was analyzed and the results were compared with the standards established by the current legislation. Results demonstrated there was no bacterial contamination, but several types of fungi were found. Therefore, bottled mineral water could be considered a possible route for the transmission of filamentous fungi and yeasts.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Mineral water; Microbial contamination; Membrane filter technique; Fungi.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822011000200020

Dynamics and diversity of the bacterial community during the spontaneous decay of açai (Euterpe oleracea) fruits
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Moura,Fábio Gomes; Graças,Diego Assis das; Santos,Agenor Valadares; Silva,Artur Luiz da Costa da; Rogez,Hervé.
Abstract The biodiversity and evolution of the microbial community in açai fruits (AF) between three geographical origins and two spontaneous decay conditions were examined by applying culture-independent methods. Culture-independent methods based on 16S rRNA from fifteen samples revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were the most abundant phyla. At the genus level, Massilia (taxon with more than 50% of the sequences remaining constant during the 30 h of decay), Pantoea, Naxibacter, Enterobacter, Raoultella and Klebsiella were identified, forming the carposphere bacterial microbiota of AF. AF is fibre-rich and Massilia bacteria could find a large quantity of substrate for its growth through cellulase...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Food; Microbial contamination; High-throughput partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing; Diversity.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822018000500025