Consulta: subjectFacets:"Neuroscience"
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Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant proteins, plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/6

Inhibition of central insulin-receptor signaling by S961 causes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in rats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ajit Vikram; Gopabandhu Jena.
Genetic ablation studies confirmed the role of central insulin-receptor signaling (CIRS) in fuel metabolism. However, the need to examine the role of CIRS in glucose homeostasis under normal physiological condition is indispensable, as insulin affects the neuronal growth, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Intracerebral administration of S961 induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in normal rats, and provided direct evidence for the involvement of CIRS in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5701/version/1

Motor Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Nicholas A. Kostakis; Lydia  L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a summary of expression patterns for genes that are enriched in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (V) of the pons. All data is derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse project. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve were compared to the values of its larger parent structure, in this case the pons, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The highest ranking genes were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2202/version/1

Vestibular effects on cerebral blood flow
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jorge Serrador; F. Owen Black; Todd Schlegel; Scott Wood.
Humans demonstrate a number of unique adaptations that allow the maintenance of blood pressure and brain blood flow after transition to the upright position. While these adaptations maintain heart-level mean arterial pressure similar to supine values, the brain remains ~30 cm above the heart, resulting in a ~25% decrease in perfusion pressure. To maintain brain blood flow, the cerebral vessels must dilate in response to this change in position. While several physiological systems are involved in adaptation to the upright posture, including cerebral autoregulation, the unique role that the vestibular system plays in helping to maintain brain blood flow is just beginning to be elucidated. Since the vestibular system not only assists in balance control and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2413/version/1

Human metabolic adaptations and prolonged expensive neurodevelopment: A review
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John R. Skoyles.
1.&amp;#x9;After weaning, human hunter-gatherer juveniles receive substantial (&amp;#x2248;3.5-7 MJ day^-1^), extended (&amp;#x2248;15 years) and reliable (kin and nonkin food pooling) energy provision.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;2.&amp;#x9;The childhood (pediatric) and the adult human brain takes a very high share of both basal metabolic rate (BMR) (child: 50-70%; adult: &amp;#x2248;20%) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (child: 30-50%; adult: &amp;#x2248;10%).&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;3.&amp;#x9;The pediatric brain for an extended period (&amp;#x2248;4-9 years-of-age) consumes roughly 50% more energy than the adult one, and after this, continues during adolescence, at a high but declining rate. Within the brain, childhood cerebral gray matter has an even higher 1.9 to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1856/version/2

Neural Modulation by Rhythm Induced Temporal Expectations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gustavo Rohenkohl; Anna  Dal Molin; Anna C. Nobre.
Time is an essential dimension of our experience, framing human behaviour at scales ranging from the millisecond organization of motor actions to circadian rhythms cycle, and beyond.  Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the brain keeps time and uses temporal information to organise behaviour remain unknown. Whereas the principles of the organisation of spatial cognition in the human brain are emerging, the same is not true for temporal cognition. The current study tested the influence of temporal expectations on attentional orienting to moving targets.  In this task, a ball appeared at the left side of a screen and moved across the screen in steps following either a regular or irregular rhythm. After reaching an occluding band, the ball was temporarily...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2956/version/1

Progression of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francisco J. Pan-Montojo; Oleg Anichtchik; Yanina Dening; Lilla  Knells; Stefan Pursche; Roland  Jung; Gabriele Gille; Maria Grazia Spillantini; Heinz Reichmann; Richard H. W. Funk.
In Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease patients pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord and the substantia nigra, providing the basis for the neuropathological staging of the disease. Here we report that intragastrically administered rotenone, a commonly used pesticide that inhibits mitochondrial Complex I, is able to reproduce PD pathological staging as found in patients. Our results show that low doses of chronically and intragastrically administered rotenone induce PD pathology in all the above-mentioned nervous system structures in wild-type mice. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed no rotenone levels in the systemic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3352/version/2

Low Protein Diet Consumption Antagonize the Age-associated Change in Hypothalamic GABA Receptor activity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay; Lina Chakrabarti; Mrinal K. Poddar.
Amounts of dietary protein as well as the duration of its supplementation are critical&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;factors that correlate with the hypothalamic GABAergic activity and immune function&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;during aging. Here we evaluate the effect of low (5%) and high (40%) protein diet on the&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;functional state of hypothalamic GABA receptor in the aging brain in albino rats. Longterm&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(LT; for 30 consecutive days) supplementation of low protein diet (LDP) retarded&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;the age-associated (3 to 18 months) (a) loss of both low and high affinity hypothalamic&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;GABA receptor sensitivity and (b) increase of high affinity GABA receptor density.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Short-term (ST; for 7 consecutive days)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2284/version/1

The statistics of contour fragments in natural scenes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Josh Merel; Gasper Tkacik; Adam Gifford; Jason Prentice; Vijay Balasubramanian.
Summary: Recent electrophysiology recordings in macaque V4/IT suggest that single neuron response to synthetic closed contours can be largely captured by models which only consider a small number of contour fragments (Brincat and Connor 2004).  Motivated by this experimental work, we sought firstly to characterize the statistics of contour fragments in natural scenes, and secondly to generate synthetic images which reflect the measured contour-fragment statistics.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;To detect contour fragments, we defined a set of feature detectors which respond only in the presence of two edges co-occurring at a fixed relative angle &amp;#x2013; implemented as a logical &amp;#x2018;AND&amp;#x2019; of two Gabor-like, laplacian-of-gaussian...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6366/version/1

Modulation of auditory responses by modality-specific attention in rat primary auditory cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lung-Hao Tai; Anthony M. Zador.
How does attention modulate sensory representations? In order to probe the underlying neural mechanisms, we established a simple rodent model of modality-specific attention. Here we describe results of experiments in freely moving rats in which we have used tetrodes to record neural responses in primary auditory cortex (area A1) while subjects performed this behavior.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Subjects were first trained to perform distinct auditory and olfactory two alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks.  Training and testing were conducted in a custom three-poke computer-controlled behavioral apparatus. Subjects initiated trials with a center-poke, which triggered presentation of a tone (either 5 or 15 Hz), an odor (either R(-)-2-Octanol or...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2354/version/1

Cerebellar Cortex, Purkinje Cell Layer
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Emily M. Wright; Lydia  L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a summary of expression patterns for genes that are enriched in the Purkinje cell layer (CBXpu) of the cerebellum.  All data is derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse project. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the CBXpu were compared to the values of its larger parent structure, in this case the cerebellar cortex, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The highest ranking genes were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression analysis. The experimental...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2200/version/1

Body-specific representations of action word meanings in right and left handers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Casasanto.
If understanding action words involves mentally simulating our own actions, then the neurocognitive representation of word meanings must differ for people with different kinds of bodies, who perform actions in systematically different ways. In a test of the _Body-Specificity Hypothesis_, right- and left-handers were compared on two motor-meaning congruity tasks. Double dissociations in both action execution and recognition memory results showed that right and left handers form body-specific representations of words for manual actions.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1321/version/1

The Neural Control Mechanisms Underlying Memory-Guided Attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ian C. Gould; Mark G. Stokes; Kathryn Atherton; Anna C. Nobre.
The control mechanisms that guide selective attention are typically examined in response to explicit attentional cues. In everyday life, however, the focus of attention is more typically guided according to past experiences than direct instruction. We therefore developed a novel behavioural paradigm to examine the neural substrate of memory-guided attentional orienting. Participants first learn the location of target stimuli hidden within naturalistic scenes. After the target locations have been learned, participants then perform an attention-orienting task. Each experimental trial begins with a cue stimulus, consisting of the memory scene presented without the target stimulus. A test scene is then presented, with a 50% probability of a target stimulus...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2955/version/1

Critical dynamics in homeostatic memory networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sakyasingha Dasgupta; J. Michael Herrmann.
Critical behavior in neural networks characterized by scale-free event distributions and brought about by self-regulatory mechanisms such as short-term synaptic dynamics or homeostatic plasticity, is believed to optimize sensitivity to input and information transfer in the system. Although theoretical predictions of the spike distributions have been confirmed by in-vitro experiments, in-vivo data yield a more complex picture which might be due to the in-homogeneity of the network structure, leakage in currents or massive driving inputs which has so far not been comprehensively covered by analytical or numerical studies.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We address these questions by the study of a neural model of memory that allows for storage and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5829/version/1

Dysbindin-1 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia cases is reduced in an isoform-specific manner unrelated to altered dysbindin-1 gene expression
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Junxia Tang; Robert P. LeGros; Natalia Louneva; Lilly Yeh; Julia W. Cohen; Chang-Gyu Hahn; Derek J. Blake; Steven E. Arnold; Konrad Talbot.
DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin binding protein 1) remains one of the top candidate genes in schizophrenia. Reduced expression of this gene and the protein it encodes, dysbindin-1, has been reported in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia cases. It has not been established, however, if all dysbindin-1 isoforms are reduced in the DLPFC or if the reduction is associated with reduced DTNBP1 gene expression. Using Western blotting of whole-tissue lysates of the DLPFC with antibodies differentially sensitive to the three major isoforms of this protein (dysbindin-1A, -1B, and -1C), we found no significant differences between our schizophrenia cases and matched controls in dysbindin-1A or -1B, but did find a mean 46% reduction in dysbindin-1C in 71%...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2779/version/1

Caveat Emptor: The Meaning of Perception and Integration in Speech Perception
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dominic Massaro.
A recent letter^1^ claimed integration of auditory and tactile information in speech perception. Although I have been an advocate of multisensory integration, neither perception nor integration was sufficiently formalized, operationalized, and tested to support this claim.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4016/version/1

Chemotherapy effects on brain glucose metabolism at rest
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bruno Baudino; Federico D&amp;#x27;Agata; Giancarlo Castellano; Paola Caroppo; Simona Cauda; Antonella Parente; Matteo  Manfredi; Elisabetta Geda; Laura Orsi; Franco Cauda; Lorys Castelli; Katiuscia Sacco; Rita Ardito; Riccardo Torta; Gianni Bisi.
Background: A growing number of studies reports that chemotherapy may impair brain functions inducing cognitive changes which can persist in a subset of cancer survivors. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Aims: To investigate the neural basis of the chemotherapy-induced neurobehavioral changes by means of metabolic imaging and voxel-based statistical parametric mapping analyses.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods: We studied the resting brain [18]FDG-PET/CT images of 43 adult cancer patients with solid (n=12, 28%) or hematologic malignancies (n=31, 72%); 12 patients were studied prior to chemotherapy (No chemotherapy) while treated patients were divided into two matched subgroups: Early High (&amp;#x3c;9 months after chemotherapy, &amp;#x3e;6 chemotherapy cycles, n=10), and Late...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5637/version/1

Attentional control and engagement with digital technology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tracy Alloway; Ross Alloway.
Multiple demands comprise the efficiency of attentional control. There is abundant evidence that when an individual attempts two or more attentionally demanding activities at the same time, the allocation of attention to the tasks is limited and performance suffers as a result. Yet, recent technological innovations require many individuals to manage multiple digital technologies simultaneously or to switch attentional control between tasks. The ability to multitask with various digital technologies involves dividing attention, switching between tasks, and keeping track of multiple strands of information in working memory.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5603/version/1

Functional differentiation within the monkey cortex as revealed by near-infrared spectroscopy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Ardestani; Felix Darvas; Jens Steinbrink; Arthur Toga; Joaquin M. Fuster.
The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory (WM) is well established.  However, questions remain regarding the topography and &amp;#x201c;domain-specific differentiation&amp;#x201d; of different types of information processing in the cortex.  While it has been theorized that dorsolateral (DPFC) and ventrolateral (VPFC) prefrontal cortex preferentially process spatial and object WM, respectively, both electrophysiological evidence in the monkey and neuroimaging in the human have largely failed to demonstrate such regional differentiation.  In this study we use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect functional changes, across relatively large cortical cell populations, simultaneously from prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices.  Imaging data...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1673/version/1

Propofol Induction Reduces the Capacity for Neural Information Integration: Implications for the Mechanism of Consciousness and General Anesthesia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: UnCheol  Lee; Seunghwan Kim; Gyu-Jeong Noh; Byung-Moon Choi; George A. Mashour.
The cognitive unbinding paradigm suggests that the synthesis of cognitive information is attenuated by general anesthesia. Here, we investigated the functional organization of brain activities in the conscious and anesthetized states, based on characteristic functional segregation and integration of electroencephalography (EEG). EEG recordings were obtained from 14 subjects undergoing induction of general anesthesia with propofol. We quantified changes in mean information integration capacity in each band of the EEG. After induction with propofol, mean information integration capacity was reduced most prominently in the gamma band of the EEG (p=0.0001). Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss of consciousness is reflected by the breakdown of the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1244/version/2

Implications of single-neuron gain scaling for information transmission in networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Julijana Gjorgjieva; Michael  Famulare; Rebecca  Mease; William J. Moody; Adrienne L. Fairhall.
Summary: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Many neural systems are equipped with mechanisms to efficiently encode sensory information. To represent natural stimuli with time-varying statistical properties, neural systems should adjust their gain to the inputs&amp;#x27; statistical distribution. Such matching of dynamic range to input statistics has been shown to maximize the information transmitted by the output spike trains (Brenner et al., 2000, Fairhall et al., 2001). Gain scaling has not only been observed as a system response property, but also in single neurons in developing somatosensory cortex stimulated with currents of different amplitude (Mease et al., 2010). While gain scaling holds for cortical neurons at the end of the first post-natal...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5860/version/1

Dyslexia, magnocellular integrity and rapidly presented stimuli
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernt C. Skottun; John R. Skoyles.
Conlon at al. (2011, Brain and Cognition, 76, 197-205) studied the responses of dyslexic readers and controls to rapidly presented stimuli. They found that the dyslexic readers showed poorer performance than the controls but only when the interstimulus interval (ISI) was short (150 ms), not when it was long (350 ms). This difference they attributed to a magnocellular or dorsal stream deficiency. However, they did not compute the temporal frequency spectra of the two stimuli. This is done here. It is found that it is very difficult to draw any conclusions with regard to the magnocellular system or the dorsal stream using these stimuli.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6050/version/1

Hydrogen sulfide: a neurotransmitter or just a cofactor of the nitrite in the NO production?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Loris Grossi.
The hydrogen sulfide has been recently claimed to have an important role in the cardiovascular system, as well in the central nervous system, but its action seems directly connected to the presence of NO/NO-derivatives. We want to report here chemical evidences that suggest for the H2S a role as a cofactor, able to induce NO release from NO-donors, more than a direct neurotransmitter.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2026/version/1

The Brain in Business: The Case for Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nick Lee; Michael J. R. Butler; Carl Senior.
The application of cognitive neuroscientific techniques to understanding social behaviour has resulted in many discoveries. Yet advocates of the &amp;#x2018;social cognitive neuroscience&amp;#x2019; approach maintain that it suffers from a number of limitations. The most notable of these is its distance from any form of real-world applicability. One solution to this limitation is &amp;#x2018;Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience&amp;#x2019; &amp;#x2013; the study of the cognitive neuroscience of human behaviour in, and in response to, organizations. Given that all of us will spend most of our lives in some sort of work related organisation, organisational cognitive neuroscience allows us to examine the cognitive underpinnings of social behaviour that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2159/version/1

Correlation between Pineal Activation and Religious Meditation Observed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chien-Hui Liou; Chang-Wei Hsieh; Chao-Hsien Hsieh; Si-Chen Lee; Jyh-Horng Chen; Chi-Hong Wang.
The human brain possesses plenty of functions but little is known about its scientific relationship with mind and spirit. Conferences^1,2^ focused on the connection between science and religion were held very recently in which neuroscientists, Buddhist scholars and Dalai Lama discussed attention, mental imagery, emotion, mind, brain functions and meditation, suggesting religious meditation offers an effective means to investigate the mystery of mind and spirit. In the past decade, scientists struggled to obtain brain mappings for various meditation styles using different brain imaging techniques and stimulating results have been observed^3-17^. In this letter we report that, together with other brain regions, pineal body exhibit significant activation...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1328/version/1

Second-Hand Stress: Neurobiological Evidence for a Human Alarm Pheromone
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi; Helmut H. Strey; Blaise Frederick; Robert Savoy; David D. Cox; Yevgeny Botanov; Denis Tolkunov; Denis Rubin; Jochen Weber.
Alarm pheromones are airborne chemical signals, released by an individual into the environment, which transmit warning of danger to conspecifics via olfaction. Using fMRI, we provide the first neurobiological evidence for a human alarm pheromone. Individuals showed activation of the amygdala in response to sweat produced by others during emotional stress, with exercise sweat as a control; behavioral data suggest facilitated evaluation of ambiguous threat.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2561/version/1

A PI3K-mediated negative feedback regulates Drosophila motor neuron excitability
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Eric Howlett; Curtis C. J. Lin; William Lavery; Michael Stern.
Negative feedback can act as a homeostatic mechanism to maintain neuronal activity at a particular specified value. At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, a mutation in the type II metabotropic glutamate receptor gene (mGluRA) increased motor neuron excitability by disrupting an autocrine, glutamate-mediated negative feedback. We show that mGluRA mutations increase neuronal excitability by preventing PI3 kinase (PI3K) activation and consequently hyperactivating the transcription factor Foxo. Furthermore, glutamate application increases levels of phospho-Akt, a product of PI3K signaling, within motor nerve terminals in an mGluRA-dependent manner. In humans, PI3K and type II mGluRs are implicated in epilepsy, neurofibromatosis, autism, schizophrenia and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1767/version/1

Review: Dystroglycan in the Nervous System
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthias Samwald.
Dystroglycan is part of a large complex of proteins, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies for a long time.  Besides muscular degeneration many patients manifest symptoms of neurological and cognitive dysfunction. Newer findings suggest that dystroglycan is implicated in brain development, synapse formation and plasticity, nerve-glia interactions and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Most research so far has focused on the functions of dystroglycan in muscle and neuromuscular junctions, while its role in the brain and interneuronal synapses has been largely neglected. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;This review will give an overview of the biochemistry of dystroglycan, its...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/196/version/1

Oxytocin makes us trusting but not gullible
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mo&amp;#xef;ra Mikolajczak; Anthony Lane; James Gross; Philippe de Timary; Olivier Luminet.
Originally known for its role in childbirth and lactation, oxytocin (OT) has recently proved to play a key role in social behavior. Deprived of OT, humans are unable to recognize and to bond to their peers. Inversely, once boosted with OT, people become more caring, trusting and generous. Effect-sizes on trust and generosity were sufficiently large that OT started to be perceived as a natural drug that would make people credulous. But could OT really impede judgment and lead individuals to trust untrustworthy peers? Here we show that oxytocin makes people trusting, but not gullible. Namely, OT did not have a trust-enhancing effect on people who interacted with seemingly unreliable peers. These results emphasize that the effect of OT is much more...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3790/version/1

SC1/PRDM4 recruits PRMT5 to control the timing of neural precursor differentiation in developing neural stem cells
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alexandra Chittka; Ursula Grazini.
During cortical development, neural stem cells (NSCs) switch from proliferative to neuron-generating asymmetric divisions. Here we investigated the role of Schwann cell factor 1 (SC1/PRDM4), a transcriptional repressor highly expressed in the developing nervous system, during NSCs development. We found that SC1 protein levels were down-regulated in newly differentiating neurons, while remaining high in undifferentiated NSCs, suggesting an asymmetric inheritance of SC1. Knockdown of SC1 in the NSCs led to precocious differentiation of neurons and its overexpression led to an increase in Nestin-expressing precursors. We found that SC1, through its amino-terminus, recruits the chromatin modifier PRMT5, a histone arginine methyltransferase that catalyses...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4926/version/1

Long-Lasting Context Dependence Constrains Neural Encoding Models in Rodent Auditory Cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hiroki Asari; Anthony M. Zador.
Acoustic processing requires integration over time.  However classical linear encoding models, which typically integrate over a few hundred milliseconds, have failed to account fully for neural responses in the auditory cortex.  We have used in vivo intracellular recording to measure neuronal integration times in anesthetized rats.  Probing with natural sounds and other stimuli, we found that context-dependent effects in the primary auditory cortex could last for surprisingly long, up to four seconds or longer in some neurons.  Thalamic neurons showed only a much faster form of adaptation, indicating that the long-lasting form originated in the cortex.  Restricting knowledge of the stimulus history to only a few hundred milliseconds reduced the predictable...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2282/version/1

Analyzing local image statistics via maximum-entropy constructions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jonathan D. Victor; Daniel J. Thengone; Mary M. Conte.
Because the space of signals that the visual system encounters is high-dimensional, investigations of visual processing and perception must utilize a sampling strategy.  One kind of approach begins with a class of models for input-output relations, and then chooses a stimulus ensemble such as white noise that enables efficient determination of model parameters.  A second kind of approach begins with the explicit recognition that it is important to understand the visual system in the context of the inputs under which it functions and evolves; this motivates the use of naturalistic stimulus ensembles.  Neither approach alone is sufficient: models built from ensembles such as white noise provide only a fair account of responses to natural scenes, and the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5794/version/1

Logarithmic laws of echoic memory and auditory change detection in humans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Koji Inui; Tomokazu Urakawa; Koya Yamashiro; Naofumi Otsuru; Yasuyuki Takeshima; Ryusuke Kakigi.
The cortical mechanisms underlying echoic memory and change detection were investigated using an auditory change-related component (N100c) of event-related brain potentials. N100c was elicited by paired sound stimuli, a standard followed by a deviant, while subjects watched a silent movie. The amplitude of N100c elicited by a fixed sound pressure deviance (70 dB vs. 75 dB) was negatively correlated with the logarithm of the interval between the standard sound and deviant sound (1 ~ 1000 ms), while positively correlated with the logarithm of the duration of the standard sound (25 ~ 1000 ms), indicating that the temporal representation of echoic memory is logarithmic. The amplitude of N100c elicited by a deviance in sound pressure, sound frequency and sound...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3652/version/1

Neurodegeneration: Potential Causes, Prevention, and Future Treatment Options
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhongtao Zhang.
Here I advance a hypothesis that neurodegeneration is a natural process associated with aging due to the loss of genetic redundancy following a mathematical model R(t) = R0(1-&amp;#x3b1;e(&amp;#x3b2;C+&amp;#x3b3;I+&amp;#x3b4;Et)t), where the calorie intake (C) and immune response (I) play critical roles. The early onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease is due to metabolic imbalance or chronic immune reactions to various infections. Therefore, the potential treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases are to modulate metabolism and immune response.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6324/version/1

Sex-Related Moral Behavior
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alberto Priori; Manuela Fumagalli; Sara Marceglia; Roberta  Ferrucci; Francesca Mameli; Stefano Zago; Sergio Barbieri; Giuseppe Sartori; Stefano Cappa.
The moral sense is one of the most complex aspects of the human mind. While neurobiological, cognitive and behavioural gender-related differences are increasingly studied and verified, the common belief that morality differs between men and women has not been experimentally investigated. We assessed the impact of gender on moral choices by testing thirty men and thirty women with the Moral Sense Task (MST) (Greene _et al_. 2001, 2004; Koenigs _et al_. 2007).  Whereas the two genders did not differ in utilitarian responses to non-moral dilemmas (NM) and to impersonal moral dilemmas (MI), men gave significantly more utilitarian answers to personal moral dilemmas (MP; i.e. that action whose endorsement involves highly emotional decision).  These results...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1467/version/1

Genes of the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways and their interaction affect the expression of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD).
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Petroula Proitsi; Michelle Lupton; Suzanne Reeves; Gillian Hamilton; Nicola Archer; Belinda Martin; Paul hollingworth; Brian Lawlord; Michael Gill; Michael J. Owen; Julie Williams; Simon Lovestone; John Powell.
Although there is evidence for the involvement of genes of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the manifestation of the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD), genetic association studies are contradictory. We used 1008 probable AD patients from the UK and applied a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach to investigate the effect of 11 polymorphisms in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, on four behavioural sub-phenotypes, namely &amp;#x22;psychosis&amp;#x22;,&amp;#x22; moods&amp;#x22;, &amp;#x22;agitation&amp;#x22; and &amp;#x22;behavioural dyscontrol&amp;#x22;, as well as on 12 NPI items. Significant findings included the association of DRD1 A48G with &amp;#x22;psychosis&amp;#x22; (p=0.037), the association of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3896/version/1

A Mathematical Model of a Neuron with Synapses based on Physiology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xiaolin Zhang.
The neuron, when considered as a signal processing device, itsinputs are the frequency of pulses received at the synapses, and its output is the frequency of action potentials generated- in essence, a neuron is a pulse frequency signal processing device. In comparison, electrical devices use either digital or analog signals for communication or processing, and the mathematics behind these subjects is well understood. However, in regards to pulse frequency processing devices, there has not yet been a clear and persuasive mathematical model to describe the functions of neurons. It goes without saying that such a model is very important, not only for understanding neuron and neural system behavior, but also for undeveloped potential applications in industry....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1703/version/1

The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/5

Cognitive deficits of schizophrenia: the flower workshop initiative
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Maria Alice Ornellas Pereira; Alfredo Pereira Jr.
Advancement of research on the neurobiology of the schizophrenic brain has revealed a complex of factors, from genetic tendencies affecting the development of brain structure to functional impairment caused by defective molecular signaling. Recently, the attention of psychiatrists and mental health professionals has been directed to the presence of cognitive deficits, responsible for most of the obstacles to the social insertion of patients.The schizophrenic person has a difficulty to manage the flux of consciousness in social interactions. We address this difficulty with the Flower Arrangement Workshop, a methodology of Psycho-Social Rehabilitation that reduces the vulnerability of the schizophrenic in the social environment. The workshop was offered...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1497/version/1

Cortical activity modulation of language processing by dynamic optimization of task complexity and functional restrictions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shantanu Ghosh; Amrita Basu; Subash Khushu; Senthil S. Kumaran.
Language, regarded as a hierarchical cognitive code activated by functional operational modes of the brain by most neuropsychologists, is characterized by increased cognitive load in successively higher levels of processing. Language comprehension is posited to be executed through symbolic-iconic information being encoded neurally as modulated phenomena, and can be studied _in vivo_ by functional brain imaging. Using a lexical decision-making task in conjunction with syntactic error correction that effectively isolated the regulatory neural substrate of processing structural-functional information, and minimizing the possible confounds of gender and proficiency, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on bilingual volunteers to ascertain...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3941/version/1

Reciprocal homeostatic reactions to chronic excitatory synaptic receptor inactivation in developing cerebral cortex networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael A. Corner.
Chronic blockade of actively excitatory glutamatergic synaptic receptors in co-cultured organotypic rodent neocortex explants leads to a compensatory up-regulation of otherwise inactive input channels so as to maintain almost normal levels of ongoing bursts of action potentials. We report here that this homeostatic return of spontaneous (now kainate receptor driven) firing is accompanied by a reciprocal down-regulation of blocked AMPA and NMDA receptors, such that the developing cortical network is protected against becoming hyperactive when those synaptic inputs are again able to transmit normally.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1260/version/3

It was (not) me: Causal Inference of Agency in goal-directed actions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tobias Beck; Carlo Wilke; Barbara Wirxel; Dominik Endres; Axel Lindner; Martin A. Giese.
Summary: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The perception of one&amp;#x2019;s own actions depends on both sensory information and predictions derived from internal forward models [1]. The integration of these information sources depends critically on whether perceptual consequences are associated with one&amp;#x2019;s own action (sense of agency) or with changes in the external world that are not related to the action. The perceived effects of actions should thus critically depend on the consistency between the predicted and the actual sensory consequences of actions. To test this idea, we used a virtual-reality setup to manipulate the consistency between pointing movements and their visual consequences and investigated the influence of this manipulation on self-action...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5858/version/2

Striatal neuroinflammation promotes parkinsonism in rats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dong-Young Choi; Randy Hunter; Mei Liu; Wayne Cass; Jignesh Pandya; Patrick Sullivan; Eun-Joo Shin; Hyoung-Chun Kim; Don Gash; Guoying Bing.
The specific role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson&amp;#x27;s disease remains to be fully elucidated. By infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the striatum, we investigated the effect of neuroinflammation on the dopamine nigrostriatal pathway. Here, we report that LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the striatum causes progressive degeneration of the dopamine nigrostriatal system, which is accompanied by motor impairments resembling parkinsonism. Our results indicate that neurodegeneration is associated with defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain related to extensive S-nitrosylation/nitration of mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondrial injury was prevented by treatment of L-N^6^-(l-iminoethyl)-lysine, an inducible nitric oxide...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1970/version/1

Virtual Fly Brain: An ontology-linked schema of the Drosophila Brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David J. Osumi-Sutherland; Mark Longair; J. Douglas Armstrong.
Drosophila neuro-anatomical data is scattered across a large, diverse literature dating back over 75 years and a growing number of community databases. Lack of a standardized nomenclature for neuro-anatomy makes comparison and searching this growing data-set extremely arduous. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;A recent standardization effort (BrainName; Manuscript in preparation) has produced a segmented, 3D model of the Drosophila brain annotated with a controlled vocabulary.  We are formalizing these developments to produce a web-based ontology-linked atlas in which gross brain anatomy is defined, in part, by labeled volumes in a standard reference brain.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We have developed new relations that allow us to use this...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3980/version/1

A common subcortical oscillatory network contributes to recovery after spinal cord injury
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yukio Nishimura; Yosuke Morichika; Tadashi Isa.
Recent studies in monkeys showed that when the direct cortico-motoneuronal connection was transected at mid-cervical segments, remaining, indirect cortico-motoneuronal pathways compensated for finger dexterity within one to three months. To elucidate the changes in dynamic properties of neural circuits during the recovery, we investigated the cortico-muscular and inter-muscular couplings of activities throughout the recovery course. Activities of antagonist muscle pairs showed co-activation during the second postoperative week, and oscillated coherently at frequencies of 30-46 Hz (gamma-band) by one month postoperatively. Such gamma-band inter-muscular coherence was not observed preoperatively, but became prominent and distributed widely over proximal and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1937/version/1

Translational neuroscience requires better design and analysis of preclinical studies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Stanley E. Lazic.
Animal models are often used to obtain a better understanding of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite many years of research, these models have not led to many novel therapies or treatments. Translating results between species will always be difficult, and it is argued that inappropriate statistical analyses, failure to identify the experimental unit, lack of random assignment to treatment conditions, and unblinded assessment of outcomes contribute to the low rate of translating preclinical in vivo studies into successful therapies. It is known that these shortcomings can generate biased estimates, too many false positives and false negatives, and unreproducible results. These issues have been raised repeatedly, but...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6987/version/1

A novel apparatus/protocol designed for optogenetic manipulation and recording of individual neurons during a motivation and working memory task in the rodent
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Samuel Dolzani; Donald C. Cooper.
Innovative molecular tools allow neuroscientists to study neural circuitry associated with specific behaviors. Consequently, behavioral methods must be developed to interface with these new molecular tools in order for neuroscientists to identify the causal elements underlying behavior and decision-making processes. Here we present an apparatus and protocol for a novel Go/No-Go behavioral paradigm to study the brain attention and motivation/reward circuitry in awake, head-restrained rodents. This experimental setup allows: (1) Painless and stable restraint of the head and body; (2) Rapid acquisition to simple or complex operant tasks; (3) Repeated electrophysiological single and multiple unit recordings during ongoing behavior; (4) Pharmacological and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7152/version/1

The role of ongoing dendritic oscillations in single-neuron dynamics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michiel Remme; Mate Lengyel; Boris  Gutkin.
The dendritic tree contributes significantly to the elementary computations a neuron performs while converting its synaptic inputs into action potential output. Traditionally, these computations have been characterized as temporally local, near-instantaneous mappings from the current input of the cell to its current output, brought about by somatic summation of dendritic contributions that are generated in spatially localized functional compartments. However, recent evidence about the presence of oscillations in dendrites suggests a qualitatively different mode of operation: the instantaneous phase of such oscillations can depend on a long history of inputs, and under appropriate conditions, even dendritic oscillators that are remote may interact through...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3335/version/1

The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/3

Glucocorticoids Inhibit Sodium Depletion-induced Salt Appetite in Rat
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chao Liu; Jing Guan; Ying Chen; Kunshen Liu.
Glucocorticoids, produced in adrenal cortex, exert potent natriuretic and diuretic actions in the kidney. Recently, it has been found that glucocorticoids could upregulate the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), the primary receptor of atrial natriuretic peptide, in the hypothalamus of the rat. Consequently, systemic administration of glucocorticoid could block dehydration-induced water intake by activation hypothalamic NPR-A. We describe here glucocorticoids could inhibit sodium intake when administrated systemically in conscious, salt-depleted rats; an effect which was strong and long-lasting. The study provided further evidence for the actions of glucocorticoids on central nervous system, which together with their established renal...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5376/version/1

Predicting Temporal Patterns In The Environment: Toward Primitive Mechanisms Of Learning, Memory, And Generalization
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew C. Jones; Tim Curran; Michael C. Mozer; Matt Wilder.
Across a wide range of cognitive tasks, recent experience influences subsequent behavior. For example, when individuals repeatedly perform a speeded two-alternative choice task, response latencies vary dramatically based on the immediately preceding sequence. These sequential dependencies (SDs) have been interpreted as adaptation to the statistical structure of an uncertain, changing environment (e.g., Jones &amp;#x26; Sieck, 2003; Mozer, Kinoshita, &amp;#x26; Shettel, 2007; Yu &amp;#x26; Cohen, 2009), and can shed light on how individuals learn and represent structure in binary stimulus sequences. Heretofore, theories have posited that SDs arise from rapidly (exponentially) decaying memory traces of various environmental statistics (e.g., Cho et al.,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5796/version/1

Changing the Culture of &amp;#x201c;Ding&amp;#x201d;: Education, Legislation and Research on Concussive Brain Injury in Youth Athletics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Claire D. Overturf; Donald C. Cooper.
The number of emergency department visits concerning sport related TBI in youth increased 57% from 2001 to 2009 and while a fraction of that increase may be attributed to injuries that were once missed now being identified due to greater general awareness, the fact remains that there are nearly 200,000 children every year who suffer sport related concussion or other TBI serious enough to prompt a visit to the ED. 40% of sports related concussions involve children between the ages of 8 and 13, and in this group the rate of concussion doubled between 1997 and 2007. The risk of concussion is highest in football and there are nearly 67,000 diagnosed concussions in high school football every year. In other sports that males and females play, such as basketball,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7076/version/1

Selective bias in temporal bisection task by number exposition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carmelo Mario Vicario.
Temporal experience can be modulated by a number of environmental factors such as quantity. Here I show that merely looking at numbers causes a bias in imaginative (but not perceptual) time bisection task that depends on the number&amp;#x2019;s magnitude. This suggests that automatic shifts of spatial attention to the left and right side, as a result of exposure to numbers, modulates temporal as well as spatial behaviour (2,3,4). This finding suggests that the representation of time and space produce certain patterns in neural maps that are decoded by means of the similar neural mechanisms.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1479/version/1

The cultural epigenetics of psychopathology: The missing heritability of complex diseases found?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
We extend a cognitive paradigm for gene expression to the epigenetic epidemiology of mental disorders, recognizing the fundamental role that culture plays in human biology as another heritage mechanism parallel to, and interacting with, the more familiar genetic and epigenetic systems. In the mathematical model, culture acts as another tunable epigenetic catalyst that both directs developmental trajectories and becomes convoluted with individual ontology via a mutually interacting crosstalk mediated by a social interaction that is itself culturally driven. We call for the incorporation of embedding culture as an essential component of the epigenetic regulation of human mental development and its dysfunctions, bringing what is perhaps the central reality of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3894/version/1

Striatal Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase mediates Ethanol inhibition of NMDA Receptor Activity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter H. Wu; Ronald K. Freund; William R. Procotor; Susan M. Goebel-Goody; Michael D. Browning; Paul J. Lombroso.
We demonstrated previously that ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function is accompanied by a reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyr^1472^ on the NR2B subunit, and this action of ethanol is attenuated by a broad spectrum tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Here we examined whether this ethanol inhibition of NMDAR activity was due to the actions of STriatal Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) which has been shown to regulate NMDAR internalization by dephosphorylating Tyr^1472^ on the NR2B subunit. Using whole-cell recordings of pharmacologically isolated NMDAR-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents (NMDA EPSCs) from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, we show that intracellular infusion of a substrate-trapping inactive form of STEP...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2473/version/1

Difference in response reliability predicted by STRFs in the cochlear nuclei of barn owls
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Louisa J. Steinberg; Jose L. Pena.
The brainstem auditory pathway is obligatory for all aural information. Brainstem auditory neurons must encode the level and timing of sounds, as well as their time-dependent spectral properties, the fine structure and envelope, which are essential for sound discrimination. This study focused on envelope coding in the two cochlear nuclei of the barn owl, nucleus angularis (NA) and nucleus magnocellularis (NM). NA and NM receive input from bifurcating auditory nerve fibers and initiate processing pathways specialized in encoding interaural time (ITD) and level (ILD) differences, respectively. We found that NA neurons, though unable to accurately encode stimulus phase, lock more strongly to the stimulus envelope than NM units. The spectrotemporal receptive...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5798/version/2

Modeling Resting-State Brain Functional Integration
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xi-Nian Zuo.
During the past 15 years, resting state fMRI has rapidly emerged as a powerful and reliable approach to explore the human brain architecture. There are two concepts of human brain working mechanism: functional segregation and integration. In this report, I mainly focused on functional integration. Relevant mathematics and statistics in this &amp;#xfb01;eld are reviewed including both seed-based and independent component analysis (ICA) resting state functional connectivity. Moreover, ICA was applied to study the abnormalities of a fronto-striatal-insular network in ADHD. First, mathematical methods to investigate the functional integration by using rs-fMRI were reviewed as well as more details on ICA. Two topics have been addressed: ranking components and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4380/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression during early...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/4

Overnight weight loss: relationship with sleep structure and heart rate variability
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Walter Moraes; Dalva Poyares; Christian Guilleminault; Agostinho Rosa; Marco Tulio Mello; Adriana Rueda; Sergio Tufik.
Background: Weight loss can be caused by a loss of body mass due to metabolism and by water loss as unsensible water loss, sweating, or excretion in feces and urine. Although weight loss during sleep is a well-known phenomenon, it has not yet been studied in relation to sleep structure or autonomic tonus during sleep. Our study is proposed to be a first step in assessing the relationship between overnight weight loss, sleep structure, and HRV (heart rate variability) parameters.Methods: Twenty-five healthy volunteers received a 487 kcal meal and 200 ml water before experiment. Volunteers were weighed before and after polysomnography. Absolute and relative weight indices were calculated. Time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2342/version/1

A Secret of Hypnosis: A Dynamic Rubber Hand Illusion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomohisa Asai; Eriko Sugimori; Yoshihiko Tanno.
Presenting a suggestion of heaviness to a person in a hypnotic trance (e.g., &amp;#x22;your arm is getting heavier and heavier&amp;#x22;) tends to result in a corresponding change in the person&amp;#x27;s body position (e.g., the arm lowers). This phenomenon may be a result of activation of the mirror neuron system, which leads the subject to anticipate actual weight on the arm. The mirror system underlies people&amp;#x27;s ability to sense, in the absence of actual sensory input, experiences of other people. Perhaps this system allows the same anticipatory experience regarding non-human objects. In this study, we showed participants a picture of a rubber hand holding what appeared to be a lightweight rubber ball. In reality, the ball was weighted with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2276/version/1

Protein Regge Trajectories, Phase Coexistence and Loop Aetiology in Alzheimers Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Antti Niemi; Andrey Krokhotin.
Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease has a devastating impact on its victims by causing severe neurodegeneration in the brain that leads to a certain death. Only in a small number of cases can the origin be traced to a variety of genetic mutations, for the greater part the reasons for its onset are unclear.The defining factor is the formation of extracellular senile amyloid plaques in the brain, but therapeutic approaches to remove them remain to be shown effective in humans. Here we investigate physical processes that are involved in the release of the extracellular amyloid, by scrutinizing the intracellular domain of its precursor protein. We identify a phenomenon that has never before been discussed in the context of protein research: Like ice and water...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6030/version/1

Stochastic Resonance Can Drive Adaptive Physiological Processes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bradly J. Alicea.
Stochastic resonance (SR) is a concept from the physics and engineering communities that has applicability to both systems physiology and other living systems. In this paper, it will be argued that stochastic resonance plays a role in driving behavior in neuromechanical systems. The theory of stochastic resonance will be discussed, followed by a series of expected outcomes, and two tests of stochastic resonance in an experimental setting. These tests are exploratory in nature, and provide a means to parameterize systems that couple biological and mechanical components. Finally, the potential role of stochastic resonance in adaptive physiological systems will be discussed.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3301/version/1

Oculomotor Nucleus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Josh J. Burnell; Lydia L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the oculomotor nucleus, derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse data set. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the oculomotor nucleus were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the midbrain, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The genes with the highest ranking selectivity ratios were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression characterization. The experimental data for each gene may be accessed...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2094/version/1

From Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signals to brain temperature maps
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roberto C Sotero; Yasser Iturria-Medina.
A theoretical framework is presented for converting Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) images to temperature maps, based on the idea that disproportional local changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) as compared with cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) during functional brain activity, lead to both brain temperature changes and the BOLD effect. Using an oxygen limitation model and a BOLD signal model we obtain a transcendental equation relating CBF and CMRO2 changes with the corresponding BOLD signal, which is solved in terms of the Lambert W function. Inserting this result in the dynamic bio-heat equation describing the rate of temperature changes in the brain, we obtain a non autonomous ordinary differential equation that depends on...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4772/version/1

Construction of direction selectivity in V1: from simple to complex cells
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Timm Lochmann; Tim Blanche; Daniel A. Butts.
Despite detailed knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the primary visual cortex (V1), the immense number of feed-forward and recurrent connections onto a given V1 neuron make it difficult to understand how the physiological details relate to a given neuron&amp;#x2019;s functional properties. Here, we focus on a well-known functional property of many V1 complex cells: phase-invariant direction selectivity (DS). While the energy model explains its construction at the conceptual level, it remains unclear how the mathematical operations described in this model are implemented by cortical circuits. To understand how DS of complex cells is constructed in cortex, we apply a nonlinear modeling framework to extracellular data from macaque V1. We use a...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5861/version/1

Visual Molecular Dynamics Investigations of the Impact of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles on Prognosis  of Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease and Cancers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu; M Charles; V. I. Prisecaru.
The possible impact of hydrophobic lectin nanoparticles on the prognosis and progression of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD) and cancers was investigated by Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) computer modeling programs available from the Beckmann Advanced Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana. Our results indicate the possibility of impeding pathological aggregation of certain proteins such as modified tau- or beta-amyloid that are currently being considered as possible causes of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. VMD programs serve as useful tools for investigation hydrophobic protein aggregation that may play a role in aging of human populations.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7111/version/2

Without magic bullets: the biological basis for public health interventions against protein folding disorders
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Protein folding disorders of aging like Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s and Parkinson&amp;#x27;s diseases currently present intractable medical challenges. &amp;#x27;Small molecule&amp;#x27; interventions - drug treatments - often have, at best, palliative impact, failing to alter disease course. The design of individual or population level interventions will likely require a deeper understanding of protein folding and its regulation than currently provided by contemporary &amp;#x27;physics&amp;#x27; or culture-bound medical magic bullet models. Here, a topological rate distortion analysis is applied to the problem of protein folding and regulation that is similar in spirit to Tlusty&amp;#x27;s (2010a) elegant exploration of the genetic code. The formalism produces...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4847/version/1

P300- like event related potential amplitude in rats is a correlate of conditioned reinforcement
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William D. Klipec; Steven Faux.
We have developed a methodology for recording a robust P300 event related potential  (ERP) in rats. In these experiments a contingency shaped model of the human &amp;#x201c;oddball&amp;#x2019;  paradigm was employed in which rats were shaped to press a lever for food reinforcement signaled by the click of the pellet dispenser. A target tone cued the insertion of the lever that retracted after 1&amp;#xad;sec or immediately following a single reinforced  response, while a non&amp;#xad;target tone was randomly presented. Brain activity was recorded through stainless steel electrodes implanted 1mm below the skull. Here, we compared the amplitude of the P300 response to the click of the pellet dispenser to the amplitude of the P300 response to the target and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7100/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression during early...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/3

Dogs Never Gets Prion Diseases. The Entropic Landscape Analysis of Prion Proteins Answers Why.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kentaro Onizuka.
The Entropic Landscape Analysis was applied to the prion protein sequences of various mammals in order to detect potential sites of variants that would be responsible for the susceptibility of prion disease infection. Among familiar mammals, canines including dogs have been demonstrating strong resistance to prion diseases. Among the canine specifc substitutions the entropic landscape analysis pinpoints the substitutions Asn104Gly and Ser107Asn having the biggest impact to the conformational transition and stability. Although they must be further corroborated by experiments in vivo et vitro, the results are demonstrating that the entropic landscape analysis is useful enough to screen substitutions and polymorphisms potentially relevant to conformational...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3043/version/1

Vocal Bursts Communicate Discrete Emotions: Evidence for New Displays
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Emiliana Simon-Thomas; Disa Sauter; Lara Sinicropi-Yao; Anna Abramson; Dacher Keltner.
Studies of emotion signaling have proven critical to scientific advances in understanding emotion, informing claims about the evolutionary origins of different emotions1, the central and peripheral nervous system correlates of emotion 2 3 and even which states warrant consideration in emotion taxonomies 4. An initial wave of empirical studies of emotion-related facial expression5 and vocalization 6 7 has concentrated almost exclusively on a limited set of emotions - anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, and tenderness. More recent work on emotional facial expressions has expanded this framework, documenting reliable displays of other emotions like embarrassment and shame 8, pride 9, and love and desire 10 . Here, we present two studies that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1356/version/1

MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging:  Origins, History &amp;#x26; Clinical Impact
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
Objective &amp;#x2013; Methods were invented that made it possible to image peripheral nerves in the body and to image neural tracts in the brain. Over a 15 year period, these techniques &amp;#x2013; MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging &amp;#x2013; were then deployed in the clinical and research community and applied to about 50,000 patients. Within this group, about 5,000 patients having MR Neurography were carefully tracked on a prospective basis.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Method &amp;#x2013; In the study group a uniform imaging methodology was applied and all images were reviewed and registered by referral source, clinical indication, efficacy of imaging and quality. Various classes of image findings were identified and subjected to a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2877/version/1

Does Optic Flow Explain the Firing of Grid Cells?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Florian Raudies; Ennio Mingolla; Michael Hasselmo.
*Problem.* Various cues such as vestibular, sensorimotor, or visual information can lead to the firing of grid cells recorded in entorhinal cortex of rats. A recent model uses boundary vector cells to provide information about the 2D spatial position (Barry et al., Review Neuroscience, 17, 2006). However, boundary vector cells need to know the angle and distance of the boundary wall. In contrast we study the estimation of 2D velocity and change of heading of the rat from optic flow and if this information can lead to grid cell firing.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Approach.* A simple circular cage is modeled as a 3D world and trajectories of a rat&amp;#x2019;s movement are simulated. Optic flow for a spherical camera model is calculated for regularly sampled locations...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5839/version/1

Activation of Ras-ERK pathway by Fgf8 and its downregulation by Sprouty2 for the isthmus organizing activity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Asuka Suzuki-Hirano; Tatsuya Sato; Harukazu Nakamura.
In the previous studies, we showed that strong Fgf8 signaling activates the Ras-ERK pathway to induce cerebellum. Here, we show importance of negative regulation of this pathway. &amp;#x27;Prolonged&amp;#x27; activation of ERK by misexpression of _Fgf8b_ and dominant-negative _Sprouty2_ (_dnSprouty2_) did not change the fate of the mesencephalic alar plate. Downregulation of ERK activity using a MEK inhibitor, U0126, or by tetracycline dependent Tet-off system after co-expression of _Fgf8b_ and _dnSprouty2_, forced the mesencephalic alar plate to differentiate into cerebellum. We then paid attention to Mkp3. After misexpression of _dnMkp3_ and _Fgf8b_, slight downregulation of ERK activity occurred, which may be due to Sprouty2, and the mesencephalon...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2089/version/1

Microstructural Correlates of Resilience against Major Depressive Disorder: Epigenetic Mechanisms?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Thomas Frodl; Yolande Ferguson; Andrew Fagan; Danusia Lisiecka; Angela Carballedo; Ian Daly; James Meaney; Dermot Kelleher.
Mental disorders are a major cause of long-term disability and are a direct cause of mortality, with approximately 800.000 individuals dying from suicide every year worldwide - a high proportion of them related to major depressive disorder (MDD)^1^. Healthy relatives of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at risk to develop the disease. This higher vulnerability is associated with structural^2-4^ and functional brain changes^5^. However, we found using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) with 61 diffusion directions that neuron tracts between frontal cortices and limbic as well as temporal and parietal brain regions are characterized by better diffusion coefficients in unaffected relatives (UHR), who managed to stay healthy,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4793/version/2

Reduced contribution of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex to force modulation with short-term motor learning in humans: An NIRS study
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kenichi Shibuya; Masako Iwadate; Tomoko Sadamoto.
How is muscle force modulated during hand exercise? Oxygenation in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) has been observed to vary considerably across trials of repetitive handgrip exercise. No linear relationship was observed between the average value of oxygenation determined by a block design study and the force of the handgrip. We found reduced oxygenation in the ipsilateral M1 and unchanged oxygenation in the contralateral M1 during repetitive static handgrip exercises (40% and 60% maximal voluntary contraction; 10 s exercise/75 s rest; 5 sets), which might be due to short-term motor learning. These results support the hypothesis that the ipsilateral M1 might functionally compensate for the contralateral M1 in force modulation during unilateral...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1865/version/1

The Predominance of Electric Transport in Synaptic Transmission
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hamid Reza Noori.
The quantitative description of the motion of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft appears to be one of the most difficult problems in the modeling of synapses. Here we show in contradiction to the common view, that this process is merely governed by electric transport than diffusion forces.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2304/version/1

A Biomimetic Model of the Outer Plexiform Layer by Incorporating Memristive Devices
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andras Gelencser; Themistoklis Prodromakis; Christofer Toumazou; Tamas Roska.
In this paper we present a biorealistic model for the first part of the early vision processing by incorporating memristive nanodevices. The architecture of the proposed network is based on the organisation and functioning of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) in the vertebrate retina. We demonstrate that memristive devices are indeed a valuable building block for neuromorphic architectures, as their highly non-linear and adaptive response could be exploited for establishing ultra-dense networks with similar dynamics to their biological counterparts. We particularly show that hexagonal memristive grids can be employed for faithfully emulating the smoothing-effect occurring at the OPL for enhancing the dynamic range of the system. In addition, we employ a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6664/version/1

Voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals tonotopic organization of auditory cortex spontaneous activity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brandon J. Farley; Arnaud Norena.
Imaging neural activity across a large (several mm) cortical area with high temporal and spatial resolution is desirable, for example in the auditory system to measure cortical processing across a broad frequency spectrum. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) has a unique combination of properties making this possible, but so far studies have been limited to studying simple sparsely-presented sensory stimuli. We demonstrate the feasibility of long-acquisition VSDI (using the dye RH-1691) in auditory cortex while presenting complex time-varying acoustic stimuli or silence. Using a dense array of partially-overlapping 50 ms tone pips (8 frequencies per octave spanning six octaves), we obtained high-resolution spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5820/version/1

Colour reverse learning and animal personalities: the advantage of behavioural diversity assessed with agent-based simulations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Adrian G. Dyer; Alan Dorin; Verena Reinhardt; Marcello G. P. Rosa.
Foraging bees use colour cues to help identify rewarding from unrewarding flowers, but as conditions change, bees may require behavioural flexibility to reverse their learnt preferences. Perceptually similar colours are learnt slowly by honeybees and thus potentially pose a difficult task to reverse-learn. Free-flying honeybees (N = 32) were trained to learn a fine colour discrimination task that could be resolved at ca. 70% accuracy following extended differential conditioning, and were then tested for their ability to reverse-learn this visual problem multiple times. Subsequent analyses identified three different strategies: &amp;#x2018;Deliberative-decisive&amp;#x2019; bees that could, after several flower visits, decisively make a large change to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7037/version/1

Cocaine self-administration in the mouse: A low-cost, chronic catheter preparation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew B. Pomrenze; Michael  V. Baratta; Brian A. Cadle; Donald C. Cooper.
Intravenous drug self-administration is the most valid animal model of human addiction because it allows volitional titration of the drug in the blood based on an individual&amp;#x2019;s motivational state together with the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. Here we describe a reliable low-cost mouse self-administration catheter assembly and protocol that that can be used to assess a variety of drugs of abuse with a variety of protocols. We describe a method for intravenous catheter fabrication that allows for efficient and long-lasting intravenous drug delivery. The intravenous catheters remained intact and patent for several weeks allowing us to establish stable maintenance of cocaine acquisition. This was followed by a dose response study in the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7040/version/1

Young children do not integrate visual and haptic information
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Monica Gori; Michela Del Viva; Giulio Sandini; David C. Burr.
Several studies have shown that adults integrate visual and haptic information (and information from other modalities) in a statistically optimal fashion, weighting each sense according to its reliability. To date no studies have investigated when this capacity for cross-modal integration develops. Here we show that prior to eight years of age, integration of visual and haptic spatial information is far from optimal, with either vision or touch dominating totally, even in conditions where the dominant sense is far less precise than the other (assessed by discrimination thresholds). For size discrimination, haptic information dominates in determining both perceived size and discrimination thresholds, while for orientation discrimination vision dominates. By...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1521/version/1

Seasonal changes in brain serotonin transporter binding in short 5-HTTLPR-allele carriers but not in long-allele homozygotes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jan Kalbitzer; David Erritzoe; Klaus K. Holst; Finn  A. Nielsen; Lisbeth Marner; Szabolcs Lehel; Tine Arentzen; Terry L. Jernigan; Gitte  M. Knudsen.
Several findings suggest seasonal variations in the serotonin (5-HT) system. We sought evidence for seasonal variation in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT). We found that length of daylight time in minutes correlates negatively with 5-HTT binding in the putamen and the caudate, with a similar tendency in the thalamus, but no such association in the midbrain. In the putamen, an anatomical region with a dense serotonin innervation that is implicated in processing of aversive stimuli, we found a significant gene*daylight effect with a negative correlation between the 5-HTT binding and daylight time in carriers of the short 5-HTTLPR allele, but not in carriers of the long allele. The neurobiological endophenotype identified here directly links activation...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2259/version/1

When does right functional hemispheric lateralization arise? Evidence from preterm infants
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Giovanni Mento; Agnese Suppiej; Patrizia Bisiacchi.
In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed researchers to individuate an earlier morphological development of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere before birth. Anatomical asymmetry, however, does not necessarily mean functional asymmetry and whether the anatomical differences between hemispheres at this early age are paralleled by functional specializations is still unknown. Here we show electrophysiological evidence of an early functional right lateralization for pitch processing arising by 30 gestational weeks, not before, in preterm newborns.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3204/version/1

Dimension-based attention in the recognition of facial identity and facial expression
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhicheng Lin.
Although the human visual system is constantly flooded with sensory information, the brain is remarkable in inferring structures from the massive inputs and selectively attending to behaviorally relevant information. However, how the two processes interact remains largely unknown. Can top-down attention efficiently select the task-relevant dimension (e.g. gender) during face recognition to override interference in the task-irrelevant dimension (e.g. expression)? To address this issue, participants were asked to classify real face images according to gender or expression, which were preceded by other faces (masked priming task) or words (face-word Stroop task). Results show that face classification was 1) affected by the task-relevant but not the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2222/version/1

A Systems Biology Approach towards Deciphering the Unfolded Protein Response in Huntington&amp;#x27;s Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kameshwar R. Ayasolla; Ravi K. R. Kalathur; Matthias  E. Futschik.
Although the disease causing gene huntingtin has been known for some time, the exact cause of neuronal cell death during _Huntington&amp;#x27;s disease_ (HD) remains unknown. One potential mechanism contributing to the massive loss of neurons in HD brains might be the _Unfolded Protein Response_ (UPR) which is activated by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As an adaptive response, UPR upregulates transcription of chaperones, temporarily attenuating new translation and activates protein degradation via the proteasome. However, at high levels of ER stress, UPR signalling can contribute to neuronal apoptosis.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Our primary aims include (a) construction of the UPR signalling network, (b)...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7078/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression during early...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/5

Effects of Pre- and Post-natal smoke exposure on airway neural responses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhong.-Xin Wu; Vincent Kish; Thomas Batchelor; Richard Dey.
Abundant epidemiological data shows that maternal smoking during pregnancy or second-hand smoke exposure during neonatal life and infancy increases the incidence of respiratory illnesses later in life. However, underlying mechanisms initiated in early life but affecting adult disease remain undefined. Neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are neurotrophic factors essential in promoting and maintaining differentiation, growth, and survival of central and peripheral nervous system. The goal of this proposal is to examine the potential role of neurotrophin release in mediating long-term effects of prenatal and early postnatal smoke exposure. Our studies showed that an initial exposure to smoke during...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1432/version/1

mGluR5 knockout mice exhibit normal conditioned place-preference to cocaine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Melissa  A. Fowler; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald C. Cooper.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) null mutant (-/-) mice have been reported to totally lack the reinforcing or locomotor stimulating effects of cocaine. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for their locomotor and conditioned place- preference response to cocaine. Unlike the previous finding, here we show that compared to mGluR5 +/+ mice, -/- mice exhibit no difference in the locomotor response to low to moderate doses of cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg). A high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg) resulted in a blunted rather than absent locomotor response. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for conditioned place-preference to cocaine and found no group differences at a conditioning dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting normal conditioned rewarding properties of cocaine. These...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6180/version/1

Glutathione (GSH) conjugates with dopamine (DA)-derived quinones to form reactive or non-reactive GSH-conjugates
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhidong Zhou; Tit Meng Lim.
In this study we demonstrate for the first time that GSH could rapidly conjugate with dopamine (DA)-derived DA-o-quinones without enzymatic catalysis to form short-lived intermediate GSH-conjugates (2-S-GSH-DA-o-quinone and 5-S-GSH-DA-o-quinone). These intermediate GSH-conjugates are unstable and would finally form reactive or non-reactive GSH-conjugates dependent on ambient reductive forces. Under insufficient reductive forces, the intermediate GSH-conjugates could cyclize spontaneously to form reactive 7-S-GSH-aminochrome (7-S-GSH-AM). The 7-S-GSH-AM is so reactive that it could further react with another GSH to form 4,7-bi-GSH-5,6-dihydroindole. Its reactivity could also abrogate tyrosinase activity in solutions. In addition, the 7-S-GSH-AM could...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2963/version/1

The circadian system alters thermoregulation depending on the time of day and feeding condition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kei Nagashima; Ken Tokizawa; Yuki Uchida.
The circadian rhythm of body temperature (Tb) is a well-known phenomenon. However, it is unknown how the circadian system affects thermoregulation. Food deprivation in mice induces a greater reduction of Tb particularly in the light phase. We examined the role of the clock gene and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) during induced hypothermia. At 20C with fasting, mice increased their metabolic heat production in the dark phase and maintained T~b~, whereas in the light phase, heat production was less, resulting in hypothermia. Under these conditions, neuronal activity in the SCN, assessed by cFos expression, increased only in the light phase. The differences between the phases in Clock mutant mice were less marked. The neural network between the SCN and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2940/version/1

Timing feedback-inhibition of the male reproductive hormone axis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ritu R. Malik; Shailesh S. Tondwal; K Subramanian Venkatesh; Gopal Gupta; Amit Misra.
Hormonal methods of male contraception have addressed feedback-inhbition of the cascade of hormones that has evolved to regulate sperm production but high concentrations of testosterone (T) in the blood have not worked satisfactorily. We hypothesized that an episodic event, such as degranulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus, could be as well inhibited by episodic interference as by continuously-applied suppression. We used a computational model of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis described by Veldhuis et al. to test the hypothesis that episodic administration of T would inhibit GnRH and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. A set of stochastic differential equations model feedback as well as feed-forward actions of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2648/version/1

Spatial navigation and multiscale representation by hippocampal place cells
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jason S. Prentice; Josh Merel; Vijay Balasubramanian.
Hippocampal lesions are known to impair success in navigation tasks. While such tasks could be solved by memorizing complete paths from a starting location to the goal, animals still perform successfully when placed in a novel starting position. We propose a navigation algorithm to solve the latter problem by exploiting two facts about hippocampal organization:  (1) The size of the place fields of hippocampal place cells varies systematically along the dorsoventral axis, with dorsal place cells having smaller place fields than ventral (Kjelstrup et. al. 2008); and (2) the theta oscillation propagates as a traveling wave from dorsal to ventral hippocampus (Lubenov and Siapas, 2009). Taken together, these observations imply that the hippocampal...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6379/version/1

In-group/out-group bias in contagious yawning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: J. Ryan  Porter; Steven M. Platek.
Bias for an in-group is a social phenomenon characterized by an affinity for one&amp;#x2019;s in-group over a perceived out-group. Activation in the amygdala, which is implicated in social and emotional processes, is increased when humans view other-race faces. This increase in activation is associated with implicit racial bias as indicated by scores on an implicit attitude test. Contagious yawning is a social process that appears to subserve empathic processes enabling the inferential modeling of the mental states of others and is exhibited in few species other than humans, including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides), dogs (Canis familiaris), and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Despite these comparative data,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6875/version/1

Workshop report: 1st INCF Workshop on Mouse and Rat Brain Digital Atlasing Systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jyl Boline; Michael Hawrylycz; Robert W. Williams.
The goal of this workshop was to survey current activities and plans related to development of mouse and rat brain digital atlasing systems. The workshop discussed needs for and types of coordinated action that will ensure rapid progress, compatibility, and dissemination with use of novel technological approaches. The report summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field and provides recommendations for actions.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1046/version/1

Ten thousand times faster: Classifying multidimensional data on a spiking neuromorphic hardware system.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael Schmuker; Daniel Br&amp;#xfc;derle; Sven Schrader; Martin Nawrot.
Discrimination of sensory inputs is a computational task that biological neuronal systems perform very efficiently. Assessing the principles in those systems is a promising approach to develop technical solutions for many problems, such as data classification. A particular problem here is to train a classifier in a supervised fashion to discriminate classes in multidimensional data. We implemented a network of spiking neurons that solves this task using a neuromorphic hardware system, that is, analog neuronal circuits on a silicon substrate. This system enables us to do high-performance computation in a biologically inspired way, with spiking neurons as computational units. In this contribution, we illustrate solutions to technical challenges that occur...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6547/version/1

Co-expression Toggling of MicroRNAs in Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Malay Bhattacharyya.
We present the findings on how microRNA expression profiles changes in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s brain.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7123/version/1

Diet transition to a high-fat diet for 3 weeks reduces brain omega-3-fatty acid levels, alters BDNF signaling and induces anxiety &amp;#x26; depression-like behavior in adult rats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sandeep Sharma; Yumei Zhuang; Fernando Gomez-Pinilla.
Background: The consumption of diets high in calories and low in nutrient value is becoming increasingly common in modern society, which can lead to metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity, and potentially to psychiatric disorders. We have performed studies to assess how the shift from a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids to a diet rich in saturated fatty acid affects the substrates for brain plasticity and function, and anxiety and depression-like behavior. Methods: Pregnant rats were fed with omega-3 supplemented diet from their 2nd day of gestation period as well as their male pups for 12 weeks. Afterwards, the animals were randomly assigned to either a group fed on the same diet or a group fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6950/version/1

The persistent impact of incidental experience
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew Wilder; Matt Jones; Alaa Ahmed; Tim Curran; Michael Mozer.
As we perform daily activities-- driving to work, unlocking the office door, grabbing a coffee cup-- our actions seem automatic and preprogrammed. Nonetheless, routine, well-practiced behavior is continually modulated by incidental experience: in repetitive experimental tasks, recent (~4) trials reliably influence performance and action choice. Psychological theories downplay the significance of sequential effects, explaining them as rapidly decaying perturbations of behavior with no long-term consequences. We challenge this traditional perspective in two studies designed to probe the impact of more distant experience, finding evidence for effects spanning up to a thousand intermediate events. We present a normative theory in which these persistent effects...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6942/version/1

Understanding economical outcomes with the mental number line
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carmelo Vicario.
With this study we provide evidence that the cognitive processes involved in addition/subtraction, mapped along the mental number line, seem to mediate our understanding of trading verbs. When left-to-right culture participants read &amp;#x22;loss&amp;#x22; verbs, cognitive activation moves &amp;#x22;leftward&amp;#x22; as in arithmetical subtraction, while reading &amp;#x22;gain&amp;#x22; verbs activates a mental rightward space as in addition. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;          We test this hypothesis by asking to a group of participants to use their left and right hand in judging (as correct of not) the syntactic form of several verbs meaning financial outcomes. Results show that processing &amp;#x201c;gain verbs&amp;#x201d; was associated with shorter...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5775/version/1

Natural Selection of Paths in Networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chrisantha Fernando; Vera Vasas; E&amp;#xf6;rs Szathm&amp;#xe1;ry; Philip Husbands.
We present a novel algorithm that exhibits natural selection of paths in a network. If each node and weighted directed edge has a unique identifier, a path in the network is defined as an ordered list of these unique identifiers. We take a population perspective and view each path as a genotype. If each node has a node phenotype then a path phenotype is defined as the list of node phenotypes in order of traversal. We show that given appropriate path traversal, weight change and structural plasticity rules, a path is a unit of evolution because it can exhibit multiplicative growth (i.e. change it&amp;#x2019;s probability of being traversed), and have variation and heredity. Thus, a unit of evolution need not be a spatially distinct physical individual. The...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5535/version/1

Visual consciousness tracked with direct intracranial recording from early visual cortex in humans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Naotsugu Tsuchiya; Jeffrey Chung; Dawn Eliashiv; Ralph Adolphs; Adam Mamelak.
A fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience is how neuronal representations are related to conscious experience.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Two key questions are: where in the brain such representations are located, and at what point in time they correlate with conscious experience. In line with this issue, a hotly debated question is whether primary visual cortex (V1) contributes to visual consciousness, or whether this depends only on higher-order cortices. Here we investigated this issue by recording directly from early visual cortex in two neurosurgical patients undergoing epilepsy monitoring with intracranial electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes that covered early visual cortices, including the dorsal and ventral banks of the calcarine sulcus. We used...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6040/version/1

Enhancing me - hope or hype?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pete Moore.
Many people talk about human enhancement as if it is about to happen. Some suggest that it already has. To join in the debate you need to distinguish between social, personal and species enhancement. Social and personal are certianly with us - but talk of species enhancement leans more to hype than hope.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2139/version/1

Generation of directional selectivity by individual thin dendrites in neocortical pyramidal neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Guy Major.
Patterned 2-photon glutamate uncaging and local GABA iontophoresis were used to test, in brain slices, whether basal and oblique dendrites possess the biophysical machinery to contribute to the directional selectivity exhibited by many sensory neocortical neurons. On average, Distal-to-Proximal (DP) sequences of glutamate stimuli along individual dendrites produced ~1.5-fold larger responses than the same stimuli in reverse order (PD). Proximal inhibition consistent with spatially-offset receptive subfields, preceding PD but following DP sequences, enhanced directionality to ~2.1-fold.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4654/version/1

Vestibular stimulation reduces unrealistic optimism
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Corinne Tamagni; Antonella  Palla; Peter  Krummenacher; Deborah  Vitacco; Elisabeth  Huberle; Dominik  Straumann; Stefan  C. A. Hegemann; Ryan McKay; Peter Brugger.
Unrealistic optimism (UO) refers to the tendency of healthy people to underestimate their risk of future misfortune. Just as left-ear caloric irrigation attenuates anosognosia (denial of manifest illness) in clinical patients, we found that it also reduces UO about future health risks in healthy individuals. This finding demonstrates asymmetric hemispheric involvement in emotion regulation and self-evaluation, and suggests that a similar neuropsychological process underpins anosognosia and healthy optimism.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4519/version/1

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Josh J. Burnell; Lydia  L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a summary of expression patterns for genes that are enriched in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) of the midbrain.  All data are derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse project. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus were compared to the values of its larger parent structure, in this case the midbrain, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The highest ranking genes were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression analysis. The...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2198/version/1

Synaptic modification and entrained phase are phase dependent in STDP
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gang Zhao.
Synapse strength can be modified in an activity dependent manner, in which the temporal relationship between pre- and post-synaptic spikes plays a major role. This spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) has profound implications in neural coding, computation and functionality, and this line of research is booming in recent years. Many functional roles of STDP have been put forward. Because the STDP learning curve is strongly nonlinear, initial state may have great impacts on the eventual state of the system. However, this feature has not been explored before. This paper proposes two possible functional roles of STDP by considering the influence of initial state in modeling studies. First, STDP could lead to phase-dependent synaptic modification that have...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1921/version/1

Learning to discount transformations as the computational goal of visual cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Joel Z. Leibo; Jim Mutch; Tomaso Poggio.
It has been long recognized that a key obstacle to achieving human-level object recognition performance is the problem of invariance.  The human visual system excels at factoring out the image transformations that distort object appearance under natural conditions.  Models with a cortex-inspired architecture such as HMAX as well as nonbiological convolutional neural networks are invariant to translation (and in some cases scaling) by virtue of their wiring.  The transformations to which this approach has been applied so far are _generic_; a single example image of any object contains all the information needed to synthesize a new image of the transformed object.  In contrast, viewpoint and illumination transformations depend on the object&amp;#x27;s 3D...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6078/version/1

Hierarchical inference of disparity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ivana Tosic; Bruno A. Olshausen.
Disparity selective cells in V1 respond to the correlated receptive fields of the left and right retinae, which do not necessarily correspond to the same object in the 3D scene, i.e., these cells respond equally to both false and correct stereo matches. On the other hand, neurons in the extrastriate visual area V2 show much stronger responses to correct visual matches [Bakin et al, 2000]. This indicates that a part of the stereo correspondence problem is solved during disparity processing in these two areas. However, the mechanisms employed by the brain to accomplish this task are not yet understood. Existing computational models are mostly based on cooperative computations in V1 [Marr and Poggio 1976, Read and Cumming 2007], without exploiting the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5824/version/1

The Traveling Salesman Problem in the Natural Environment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Flip Phillips; Thomas O&amp;#x27;Connell; Oliver W. Layton.
Is it possible for humans to navigate in the natural environment wherein the path taken between various destinations is &amp;#x27;optimal&amp;#x27; in some way? In the domain of optimization this challenge is traditionally framed as the &amp;#x22;Traveling Salesman Problem&amp;#x22; (TSP). What strategies and ecological considerations are plausible for human navigation? When given a two-dimensional map-like presentation of the destinations, participants solve this optimization exceptionally well (only 2-3% longer than optimum)^1, 2^. In the following experiments we investigate the effect of effort and its environmental affordance on navigation decisions when humans solve the TSP in the natural environment. Fifteen locations were marked on two outdoor...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4960/version/1

A Note on Measures of Single Timeseries Activity in Resting-State fMRI Studies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xi-Nian Zuo.
In statistics, signal processing and mathematical finance, a time series  is a sequence of data points, measured typically at successive times spaced at uniform time intervals. Here, I only focus on the discrete time series. The motivation of writing this methodology note is to clarify the relationship between the measures to quantify activity of an observed timeseries. Particularly, focus one several measures used in recently emerged field of resting-state fMRI studies. Although all these measures have been extensively developed in EEG or other timeseries studies, many researchers focusing on various applications in or new comers to this new field need to know existed measures and the relationships among these measures.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4379/version/1

Interactions between short-term and long-term plasticity: shooting for a moving target
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jean-Pascal Pfister; M&amp;#xe1;t&amp;#xe9; Lengyel.
Far from being static transmission units, synapses are highly dynamical elements that change over multiple time scales depending on the history of the neural activity of both the pre- and postsynaptic neuron. Moreover, synaptic changes on different time scales interact: long-term plasticity (LTP) can modify the properties of short-term plasticity (STP) in the same synapse. Most existing theories of synaptic plasticity focus on only one of these time scales (either STP or LTP or late-LTP) and the theoretical principles underlying their interactions are thus largely unknown. Here we develop a normative model of synaptic plasticity that combines both STP and LTP and predicts specific patterns for their interactions. Recently, it has been proposed that STP...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5857/version/1

Motor fluency shapes abstract concepts
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Casasanto; Evangelia Chrysikou.
People with different types of bodies tend to think differently in predictable ways, even about abstract ideas that seem far removed from bodily experience. Right- and left-handers implicitly associate positive ideas like goodness and honesty more strongly with their dominant side of space, the side on which they can interact with their environment more fluently, and negative ideas with their non-dominant side. This suggests a role for motor experience in shaping abstract thoughts. Yet, previous evidence is also consistent with an experience-independent account. Here we show that right-handers&amp;#x27; tendency to associate &amp;#x27;good&amp;#x27; with right and &amp;#x27;bad&amp;#x27; with left can be reversed due to both long- and short-term changes in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4802/version/1

Remarks on the number of tubulin dimers per neuron and implications for Hameroff-Penrose Orch OR
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Danko Georgiev.
Stuart Hameroff has wrongly estimated that a typical brain neuron has 10^7^ tubulin dimers and wrongly attributed this result to Yu and Baas, J. Neurosci. 1994; 14: 2818-2829. In this letter we show that Hameroff&amp;#x2019;s estimate is based on misunderstanding of the results provided by Yu and Baas, who actually measured the total microtubule length in a single axonal projection with length of 56 &amp;#x3bc;m in a differentiating in vitro stage 3 embryonic hippocampal neuron. In order to visualize how big Hameroff&amp;#x2019;s error is, we have reconstructed two of the studied by Yu and Baas embryonic hippocampal neurons with Neuromantic v1.6.3 and compared them with previously published reconstructions of adult hippocampal neurons. Correct calculations...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3860/version/1

Optogenetic control of genetically-targeted pyramidal neuron activity in prefrontal cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael  V. Baratta; Shinya Nakamura; Peter Dobelis; Matthew B. Pomrenze; Samuel D. Dolzani; Donald  C. Cooper.
A salient feature  of  prefrontal  cortex  organization  is  the  vast diversity  of  cell types  that  support  the  temporal   integration   of   events   required   for   sculpting future   responses.   A   major   obstacle   in   understanding   the   routing   of   information   among   prefrontal   neuronal   subtypes   is   the   inability   to   manipulate   the   electrical   activity   of genetically defined cell types over behaviorally relevant timescales and activity patterns.  To address these constraints, we present here a simple approach for selective activation of prefrontal excitatory   neurons   in   both   in   vitro   and   in   vivo   preparations.   Rat   prelimbic pyramidal neurons   were   genetically   targeted   to   express   a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7102/version/1

Interruption of [beta]-Catenin Signaling Reduces Neurogenesis in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s Disease Brains
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ping He; Matthias Staufenbiel; Yong Shen.
Although studies show new neurons generated from progenitor cells in a healthy adult neocortex, neurogenic potential derived from stem/progenitor cells in the cortex of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s patients still remains unsolved. In this study, we isolated the glial progenitor cells (GPCs) from the cortex of healthy (HC) and Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD). The AD-GPCs displayed reduced capability to renew and decreased production of new neurons. Interestingly, we found significant reduction of [beta]-catenin in AD-GPCs compared to HC while glycogen synthase kinase 3[beta] (GSK-3[beta]) was promoted. Moreover, we found both increased phosphorylation of [beta]-catenin in AD-GPCs and their progeny cells. Amyloid [beta] peptide (A[beta]) treatment results in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2257/version/1

Magnetoencephalography May Allow the Electromagnetic &amp;#x27;Biopsy&amp;#x27; of Central Nervous System Neoplastic Tissue
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael Pearlman; Eduardo Castillo; Andrew Papanicolaou; Ian Butler; John Slopis; Richard Frye.
Developing a non-invasive method for definitively diagnosing intracranial neoplasms would reduce the risks involved with diagnosis and improve the treatment of such tumors. We used magnetoencephalography to measure the power spectral densities of malignant brain tumor cells in vitro and found that meningioma and medulloblastoma cells produce unique electromagnetic signatures. Our results suggest that non-invasive identification of neoplastic tissue is possible through the use of magnetoencephalography.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3973/version/1

Accumulation of Neural Activity in the Posterior Insula Encodes the Passage of Time
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marc Wittmann; Alan N. Simmons; Jennifer L. Aron; Martin P. Paulus.
The experience of time, i.e. the estimation of duration, is fundamental for perception and behavior and, therefore, essential for the survival of the individual organism. Over the last decades, neuroimaging, neurophysiological and clinical neuropsychological studies have pointed to many different brain areas involved in the processing of time. However, the core neural substrates and the processes accounting for the encoding of duration, which could form a timekeeping mechanism (essentially, a neural clock), are still unknown. Here we present evidence of neurophysiological activity in circumscribed areas of the human brain that is involved in the encoding of duration. Time-activity curves of neural activation derived from event-related functional magnetic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2062/version/1

ECoG-based short-range recurrent stimulation techniques to stabilize tissue at risk of progressive damage:  Theory based on clinical observations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Markus A. Dahlem; Felix M. Schneider; Jens P. Dreier; Anthony J. Strong; Eckehard Schoell.
We introduce theoretical concepts based on chaos control to stabilize in acute stroke the tissue at risk of progressive damage by preventing adverse effects of waves of mass neuronal depolarization.  Moreover, we present clinical electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings of relevant signals suggested for the feedback control. The recordings are performed in combination with novel subdural opto-electrode technology for simultaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). In aSAH patients waves of spreading depolarization (SD) have a high incidence and cause hypoxia in tissue at risk, and, importantly, the haemodynamic response is the inverse of that seen in healthy tissue. In previous clinical studies, clusters of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3408/version/1

Brain, language, and handedness: a family affair
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernard Mazoyer; Gregory Simon; Fabrice Crivello; Laure Zago; Laurent Petit; Emmanuel Mellet; Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer.
The left planum temporale is a marker of left hemisphere language specialization. We investigated the effect of individual handedness and familial sinistrality on left planum temporale surface area and found the size is reduced in proportion with the number of left-handed immediate family members and is lowest when one&amp;#x27;s mother is left-handed. This reduction is independent of an individual&amp;#x27;s handedness or sex and has no counterpart in the right hemisphere.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2982/version/1

High Perceptual Load Makes Monocular Attention Different
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dingyuan Tan.
Attention is a fundamental function of the human which is important in our daily life. Perceptual load is thought to play an important role in selective attention^1,2^. When perceptual load is high, the distracting information will be kept out of perception and will not affect us. When perceptual load is low, the distracting information will be processed deeply by us and will influence us^3^. However, most of the past research was concerned with binocular attention instead of monocular attention. In spite of the differences such as visual acuity^4^, stereopsis^5,6^ between binocular and monocular vision, there were few reports of their difference regarding to perceptual load which means more items and features in our research. Here we show their difference...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5166/version/1

The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/1

Apotemnophilia - the Neurological Basis of a &amp;#x27;Psychological&amp;#x27; Disorder
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Paul D. McGeoch; David J. Brang; Tao Song; Roland R. Lee; Mingxiong Huang; Vilayanur S. Ramachandran.
The question of how the human brain combines disparate sensory inputs to construct a unified body image is of longstanding interest^1,2,3^ . We approached this subject by studying the unusual medical condition of apotemnophilia, in which otherwise mentally normal individuals express the strong and persistent desire for the amputation of a specific healthy limb^4,5,6^ . Here we show using functional brain imaging - magnetoencephalography (MEG) - that the condition is characterised by an absence of activity in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) when the affected limb is touched. When this discovery is combined with our earlier finding of a simultaneous increase in skin conductance response (SCR) on touching the affected limb^7^ , which reflects...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2954/version/1

Chronobiology of Epilepsy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sachin S. Talathi; Dong-Uk Hwang; William Ditto; Mark Spano; Hector Sepulveda; Tom Mareci; Paul Carney.
A fine balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition governs the physiological state of the brain. It has been hypothesized that when this balance is lost as a result of excessive excitation or reduced inhibition, pathological states such as epilepsy emerge. Decades of investigation have shown this to be true in vitro. However, in vivo evidence of the emerging imbalance during the &amp;#x22;latent period&amp;#x22; between the initiation of injury and the expression of the first spontaneous behavioral seizure has not been demonstrated. Here, we provide the first demonstration of this emerging imbalance between excitation and inhibition in vivo by employing long term, high temporal resolution, and continuous local field recordings from microelectrode...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1679/version/1

Nuclear Medicine and Early Discovery of Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
There is an urgent need for the early detection of diseases such as Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s (AD) and Cancers in order to enable their successful treatment. Cancer is the second major cause of death after Heart Disease, and AD is the third major cause of death with major consequences for the society.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Three major Nuclear Medicine techniques that are established for diagnostic and research purposes are: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) CAT/CT and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI/MRI). These nuclear medicine techniques are discussed together with their clinical and research applications to early diagnosis of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s Disease (AD) and cancers. Novel approaches to early detection and modeling of AD and cancers are then...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6196/version/1

The stroboscopic human vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Maarten A. Bouman.
When the frequency of seeing light from a pair of point flashes is beyond the probability summation of the separate flashes, the surplus is due to the successful interaction of subliminal responses from the different flashes. Experiments with various distances and various periods of the pair show thet successful interaction occurs when in each of two successive time-quanta of 0.04 seconds and in each of two adjacent distinct receptor groups at least one subliminal receptor response occurs. An autonomous source produces the time-quanta. It serves the time-processing of the central nervous system and of the motor system. Posdsibly, action potentials from the purkinje cells of the myocardium play a role. Hyper acuity in direction and in depth, flicker fusion,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4663/version/1

Understanding Consciousness: An Online Workshop on Contemporary Theories
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alfredo Pereira Jr; Jonathan Edwards; Dietrich Lehmann; Chris Nunn; Arnold Trehub; Max Velmans.
An invited workshop on &amp;#x2018;Theories of Consciousness&amp;#x2019; was organized in the format of a Nature Network closed group during the second semester of 2009. There were presentations by each of 15 authors active in the field, followed by debate with other presenters and invitees. A week was allocated to each of the theories proposed; general discussion threads were also opened from time to time, as seemed appropriate. We (who had been participants in the workshop) offer here an account of the principal outcomes. It can be regarded as a contemporary, &amp;#x2018;state of the art&amp;#x2019; snapshot of thinking in this field.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4348/version/1

Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease by NIRF Spectroscopy  and Nuclear Medicine-v.4.0
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I Baianu.
There is an urgent need for the early detection of diseases such as Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s (AD) and Cancers in order to enable their successful treatment. Cancer is the second major cause of death after Heart Disease, and AD is the third major cause of death with major, human and financial/economics trillion dollar consequences for the society. Nuclear Medicine is concerned with applications in Medicine of Nuclear Science and Engineering techniques and knowledge. Three major Nuclear Medicine techniques that are established for diagnostic and research purposes are: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and CAT/CT, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI/MRI). However, these three techniques have also major limitations in terms of either cost or image...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6273/version/1

A stem-cell ageing hypothesis on the origin of Parkinson&amp;#x27;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andr&amp;#xe9; Valente; Jorge Sousa; Tiago Outeiro; Lino Ferreira.
A transcriptome-wide blood expression dataset of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease (PD) patients and controls was analyzed under the hypothesis-rich mathematical framework. The analysis pointed towards differential expression in blood cells in many of the processes known or predicted to be disrupted in PD. We suggest that circulating blood cells in PD patients can be in a full-blown PD-expression state. We put forward the hypothesis that sporadic PD can originate as a case of hematopoietic stem cell/differentiation process expression program defect and suggest this research direction deserves further investigation.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4263/version/1

The neurobiology of spontaneous actions and operant learning in Drosophila
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bj&amp;#xf6;rn Brembs.
Learning about the consequences of our actions (operant learning) is one of the major ways in which we learn to understand the world we live in. Despite our recent advances in the neurobiology of learning and memory, this &amp;#x201c;learning-by-doing&amp;#x201d; has largely withstood neurobiological scrutiny. This proposal aims to elucidate the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms of spontaneous behavioral choice and how decision-making is modulated by the consequences of such actions. This research will be done in a genetically amenable model system, the fruit fly Drosophila. We will use state-of-the-art genetic and behavioral techniques to identify the circuitry and molecular processes involved in generating spontaneous turning behavior and its...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2926/version/1

Free Will or Not: Causality Preserved but Access to Motor Decisions Obscured
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andrei Gorea; Lukasz Grzeczkowski; Delphine Rider.
Empirical studies having addressed the free-will issue suffer from controversial methodologies and interpretations. We present a new paradigm involving a synchronization task where the time interval to synchronize with is randomly within and without subject&amp;#x27;s synchronization capabilities and ask subjects to retrospectively evaluate (Q1) which of the two occurred or (Q2) whether their motor response had had been reactive/speeded or delayed. Contrary to the non-FW view, Q1-judgments correlate with the actual duration of the synchronization interval rather than with subjects&amp;#x27;s motor response latencies. Instead of postidictively reshuffling their judgment to make it match the outcome of their actions, subjects preserve the causal chain of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4633/version/1

Learning alters theta-nested gamma oscillations in inferotemporal cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Keith M. Kendrick; Yang Zhan; Hanno Fischer; Alister U. Nicol; Xuejuan Zhang; Jianfeng Feng.
How coupled brain rhythms influence cortical information processing to support learning is unresolved. Local field potential and neuronal activity recordings from 64- electrode arrays in sheep inferotemporal cortex showed that visual discrimination learning increased the amplitude of theta oscillations during stimulus presentation. Coupling between theta and gamma oscillations, the theta/gamma ratio and the regularity of theta phase were also increased, but not neuronal firing rates. A neural network model with fast and slow inhibitory interneurons was developed which generated theta nested gamma. By increasing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor sensitivity similar learning-evoked changes could be produced. The model revealed that altered theta nested gamma...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3151/version/2

Evolutionary game theory and the evolution of neuron populations, ring rates, and decisionmaking
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yosef Cohen; Jeremiah Cohen.
Ours, is the first application of dynamical evolutionary games to decision making in neuroscience. Firing neurons are the players. The strategy is their firing rate. Neurons with equal firing rates define a population. The neurons do not know the rules of the game, they do not know what the reward is, they are not required to be rational and they do not even know they are playing the game. Interactions are inhibitory. The theory confirms experimental data about decision making in vision: (i ) A parameter of the game model determines how many populations of neurons participate in the decision; (ii ) the solution of the game dictates how many loci in the brain participate in the decision; (iii ) the theory clarifies the difference between ultimate and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3373/version/1

Mathematical Modeling of the Neuronal Processes in Sugar Addiction
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andre Almeida; Hamed  Celaymanian; Natalie Seel; Boris Zak; Hamid R. Noori.
It has already been demonstrated that the body responds to enhanced intake of sugar and is conducive to a natural form of addiction. There are substantial neurochemical changes in the brain (especially dopamine and acetylcholine systems) similar to other addictive drugs. A mathematical model comprised by a system of delayed leaky integrate-and-&amp;#xc;re equations is established to simulate the eff&amp;#xb;ects of sugar on a reward-circuitry. Simulations with Neuron suggest agreement with the neurobiological hypotheses of hyperactivity of neural systems due to binge sugar intake.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5546/version/2

Spherulites of A[beta]~42~ in vitro and in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher Exley; Emily House; Joanna F. Collingwood; Mark R. Davidson; Danielle Cannon; Athene M. Donald.
Several amyloid-forming proteins and peptides, including insulin^1^, [beta]-lactoglobulin^2^ and albumin^3^, form spherulites in vitro under non-physiological solution conditions. These micrometer-sized, roughly spherical structures are composed of ordered arrays of [beta] sheets of amyloid fibrils in radial arrangements which, characteristically, show a typical Maltese cross pattern of light extinction under the polarizing microscope. The physiological significance, if any, of these amyloid super assemblies is unknown although in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease there is the suggestion that senile plaques composed primarily of [beta] sheets of A[beta]~42~ are spherulitic^4^. Herein we describe the first observation of the formation in vitro of spherulites of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3982/version/1

The Unfolded Protein Response and its potential role in Huntington&amp;#x27;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ravi  K. R. Kalathur; Kamesh Ayasolla; Matthias E. Futschik.
Huntington&amp;#x27;s disease (HD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease with fatal outcome. Although the disease-causing gene (huntingtin) has been known for some time, the exact cause of neuronal cell death is still unknown. One potential mechanism contributing to the massive loss of neurons in the brain of HD patients might be the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). As an adaptive response to counter-balance accumulation of un- or misfolded proteins, the UPR upregulates transcription of chaperones, temporarily attenuates new translation, and activates protein degradation via the proteasome. However, it is known that persistent ER stress and activated UPR can...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7145/version/1

Cognitive dimensions of predator responses to imperfect mimicry?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lars Chittka; Daniel Osorio.
Many palatable insects, for example hoverflies, deter predators by mimicking well-defended insects such as wasps. However, for human observers, these flies often seem to be little better than caricatures of wasps &amp;#x2013; their visual appearance and behaviour are easily distinguishable. This imperfect mimicry baffles evolutionary biologists, because one might expect natural selection to do a more thorough job. Here we discuss two types of cognitive processes that might explain why mimics distinguishable mimics might enjoy increased protection from predation. Speed accuracy tradeoffs in predator decision making might give imperfect mimics sufficient time to escape, and predators under time constraint might avoid time-consuming discriminations between...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1258/version/1

Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake Rats (Dissertation)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tom&amp;#xe1;&amp;#x161; Hrom&amp;#xe1;dka.
This thesis is divided into six chapters (following Introduction). Each chapter was intended to be self-contained, so they do not have to be read in the order they are presented.  &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Second chapter (Sec. 2) contains a detailed description of experimental techniques: surgery, recording, and training techniques we used in awake head-fixed rats. We have also included a detailed description of all sets of stimuli we used to probe neurons, analytical methods used to analyze data, and description of computational models used in other parts of the thesis.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Third chapter (Sec. 3) focuses on description of single-neuron responses in primary auditory cortex of awake head-fixed rats. The primary...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2464/version/1

Mechanism and circuitry underlying retinal sensitization
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David B. Kastner; Yusuf Ozuysal; Stephen A. Baccus.
Recently we have described a population of retinal ganglion cells that increase their sensitivity after the presentation of a high contrast stimulus. This process, termed contrast sensitization is a form of short-term information storage that enables ganglion cells to store the location of a previously moving object for several seconds. Effectively, sensitizing ganglion cells make a prediction that the location of a strong stimulus at one point in time will continue to be important in the near future, even after the strong stimulus ceases. To understand how the retina can paradoxically increase its sensitivity in the face of a strong stimulus, we recorded intracellularly from sensitizing ganglion cells, and found that a depolarization of the baseline...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5881/version/1

Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease is a TH17 dominant autoimmune disorder against accumulated alpha-synuclein
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wanchung(Wanjiung) Hu.
Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease is a very common neurodegenerative disorder. Patients usually undergo destruction of substantia nigra to develop typical symptoms such as resting tremor, hypokinesia, and rigidity. However, the exact mechanism of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease is still unknown, so it is called idiopathic Parkinsonism. According to my microarray analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes and substantia nigra brain tissue, I propose that Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease is actually a TH17 dominant autoimmune disease. The autoantigen is mainly alpha-synuclein. After knowing the exact disease pathophysiology, we can develop better drugs to prevent or control the detrimental disorder.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6176/version/1

Suitability of dysphonia measurements for telemonitoring of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Max A. Little; Patrick E. McSharry; Eric J. Hunter; Jennifer Spielman; Lorraine O. Ramig.
We present an assessment of the practical value of existing traditional and non-standard measures for discriminating healthy people from people with Parkinson?s disease (PD) by detecting dysphonia. We introduce a new measure of dysphonia, Pitch Period Entropy (PPE), which is robust to many uncontrollable confounding effects including noisy acoustic environments and normal, healthy variations in voice frequency. We collected sustained phonations from 31 people, 23 with PD. We then selected 10 highly uncorrelated measures, and an exhaustive search of all possible combinations of these measures finds four that in combination lead to overall correct classification performance of 91.4%, using a kernel support vector machine. In conclusion, we find that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2298/version/1

Complex Systems Analysis of Arrested Neural Cell Differentiation during Development and Analogous Cell Cycling Models in Carcinogenesis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: V. I. Prisecaru; I C. Baianu.
A new approach to the modular, complex systems analysis of nonlinear dynamics of arrested neural cell Differentiation--induced cell proliferation during organismic development and the analogous cell cycling network transformations involved in carcinogenesis is proposed. Neural tissue arrested differentiation that induces cell proliferation during perturbed development and Carcinogenesis are complex processes that involve dynamically inter-connected biomolecules in the intercellular, membrane, cytosolic, nuclear and nucleolar compartments. Such &amp;#x27;dynamically inter-connected&amp;#x27; biomolecules form numerous inter-related pathways referred to as &amp;#x27;molecular networks&amp;#x27;. One such family of signaling pathways contains the cell...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7101/version/2

Where is the &amp;#x2018;Jennifer Aniston neuron&amp;#x2019;?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dorian Aur.
It is generally believed that spike timing features (firing rate, ISI) are the main characteristics that can be related to neural code. Contrary to this common belief, spike directivity, a new measure that quantifies transient charge density dynamics within action potentials (APs) provides better results in discriminating different categories of visual object recognition. Specifically, intracranial recordings from medial temporal lobe (MTL) of epileptic patients have been analyzed using firing rate, interspike intervals and spike directivity. A comparative statistical analysis of the same spikes from four selected neurons shows that electrical micro-mapped features in neurons display higher separability to input images compared to spike timing features. If...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5345/version/2

PrionOme: A database of prions and other sequences relevant to prion phenomena
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Djamel Harbi; Marimuthu Parthiban; Deena Gendoo; Sepehr Ehsani; Manish Kumar; Gerold Schmitt-Ulms; Ramanathan Sowdhamini; Paul M. Harrison.
Prions are units of propagation of an altered state of a protein or proteins. Prions can propagate from cell to cell, and from organism to organism, through cooption of other protein copies. Prions contain no necessary nucleic acids, and are important both as both pathogenic agents, and as a potential force in epigenetic phenomena. The original prions were derived from a misfolded form of the mammalian Prion Protein PrP. Infection by these prions causes neurodegenerative diseases. Other prions cause non-Mendelian inheritance in budding yeast, and sometimes act as diseases of yeast. We have compiled a database of &amp;#x3e;2000 prion-related sequences, called the PrionOme. The database comprises seven PrionOme classification categories: prionogenic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6430/version/1

Local statistics in natural scenes predict the saliency of synthetic textures
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gasper Tkacik; Jason S. Prentice; Jonathan D. Victor; Vijay Balasubramanian.
To represent behaviorally relevant information efficiently, neural circuits in sensory periphery are matched to the first and second-order statistical structure of natural inputs. The retina, for example, removes stimulus components that are predictable (and therefore uninformative), and transmits what is unpredictable (and therefore informative). Here we show that this efficient coding principle applies to complex aspects of natural scenes, and to central visual processing (Tka&amp;#x10d;ik et al, PNAS 2010). &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The aspect of natural scenes that we examine in detail is texture in image patches. Texture is determined partly by the distribution of light intensities and partly by the spatial organization of light across...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6009/version/1

Up-expression of GAD65 in the Amygdala of the Rat Model of Chroric Immobilization Stress with Elevated Blood Glucose
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xiao-Jing Li; Wei Zhang; Bing Liang; Xiang Zheng; Xue Zhou.
It is believed that the hypothalamus is the regulating center for blood glucose levels, but how chronic stress leads to hyperglycemia is not known. In this experiment, we use the chronic immobilization stressed rat as a model, and found that only rats with increased expression of GAD65 in the amygdala have an elevated level of blood glucose. Considering there are fiber tracks between the amygdala and hypothalamus, including GABAergic projections, this result suggests that the changes in GAD65 expression in the amygdala may correlate with the changes in blood glucose levels, and point to the importance of the the amygdala in blood glucose regulation.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5885/version/1

Range-based techniques for discovering optimality and analyzing scaling relationships in neuromechanical systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bradly J. Alicea.
In this paper, a method for decoupling the neuromuscular function of a set of limbs from the role morphology plays in regulating the performance of an activity is introduced. This method is based on two previous methods: the rescaled range analysis specific to time series data, and the use of scaling laws. A review of the literature suggests that limb geometry can either facilitate or constrain performance as measured experimentally. Whether limb geometry is facilitatory or acts as a constraint depends on the size differential between arm morphology and the underlying muscle. &amp;#x22;Changes in size and shape&amp;#x22; are theoretically extrapolations of morphological geometry to other members of a population or species, to other species, or to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2845/version/1

Capsaicin protects neuromuscular junctions from the inhibitory effects of botulinum neurotoxin A
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Baskaran Thyagarajan; Carmen Garcia; Joseph Potian; Natalia Krivitskaya; Kormakur Hognason; Joseph McArdle.
Within 24 hrs after injecting botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) into the hindlimb, mice lost the toe spread reflex and developed progressive muscle weakness. At the same time, the compound muscle action potential amplitude decreased. Injection of capsaicin before BoNT/A significantly reduced these affects and protected the muscle twitch tension of the Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve muscle preparation. Acute in vitro exposure of isolated nerve muscle preparations, as well as Neuro 2a cells, to capsaicin prevented uptake of Alexa 647 BoNT/A. Motor nerve endings as well as Neuro 2a cells express the capsaicin receptor, a transient receptor potential channel of the vanilloid family (TRPV1). Capsaicin as well as disruption of clathrin coated pits (CCPs)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2717/version/1

The Predominance of Electric Transport in Synaptic Transmission
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hamid Reza Noori.
The quantitative description of the motion of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft appears to be one of the most difficult problems in the modeling of synapses. Here we show in contradiction to the common view, that this process is merely governed by electric transport than diffusion forces.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2304/version/2

Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is TH17 related autoimmune disease against misfoded beta amyloid
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wan-Jiung(Wan-Chung) Hu.
Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder. However, its exact etiology is still unknown. There were several mechanisms proposed such as the tau hypothesis and amyloid hypothesis. However, there is evidence challenging the above two hypotheses. Here, I propose the immune-amyloid hypothesis as a mechanism for Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. Th17 related autoimmunity contributes to the disease pathogenesis. Accumulation of misfolded beta amyloid can trigger heat shock protein which in turn induces TH17 immunity. By microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, there is up-regulation of many TH17 related molecules after Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. After knowing the exact disease pathogenesis, we can develop new...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5934/version/1

Inferring decoding strategy from choice probabilities in the presence of noise correlations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ralf M. Haefner; Sebastian Gerwinn; Jakob H. Macke; Matthias Bethge.
The activity of cortical neurons in sensory areas covaries with perceptual decisions, a relationship often quantified by choice probabilities. While choice probabilities have been measured extensively, their interpretation has remained fraught with difficulty. Here, we derive the mathematical relationship between choice probabilities, read-out weights and noise correlations within the standard neural decision making model. Our solution allows us to prove and generalize earlier observations based on numerical simulations, and to derive novel predictions. Importantly, we show how the read-out weight profile, or decoding strategy, can be inferred from experimentally measurable quantities. Furthermore, we present a test to decide whether the decoding weights...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7014/version/1

Dyslexia and the assessment of visual attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Skoyles; Bernt C. Skottun.
Visual stream segregation has been proposed as a method to measure visual attention in dyslexia. Another task proposed to do this is the line-motion illusion. Both tasks, it is observed, can be carried out with spatially distributed stimuli. This, however, appears inconsistent with these tasks being linked speci?cally to attentional processes since this would require them to spatially focus cognitive resources. Also, both line-motion and visual stream segregation involve the perception of movement raising the possibility that what is actually measured by these tasks is not attention but some aspect of motion perception.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5529/version/1

Workshop report: 1st INCF Workshop on Large-scale Modeling of the Nervous System
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mikael Djurfeldt; Anders Lansner.
The goal of this workshop was to survey current demands, ongoing activities, and plans relating to development of tools for scalable neural network simulation. Areas covered included software components for preprocessing/model setup, as well&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;as for storage, analysis, and visualization of results. Participants discussed the need for coordinated action in the field with regard to model, method and tool development. The reports a description of the state-of-art in the field as well as recommendations for actions to facilitate infrastructure developments.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/262/version/1

Synaptic state matching: a dynamical architecture for predictive internal representation and feature perception
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Saeed Tavazoie.
Here we consider the possibility that a fundamental function of sensory cortex is the generation of an internal simulation of sensory environment in real-time. A logical elaboration of this idea leads to a dynamical neural architecture that oscillates between two fundamental network states, one driven by external input, and the other by recurrent synaptic drive in the absence of sensory input. Synaptic strength is modified by a proposed synaptic state matching (SSM) process that ensures equivalence of spike statistics between the two network states. Remarkably, SSM, operating locally at individual synapses, generates accurate and stable network-level predictive internal representations, enabling pattern completion and unsupervised feature detection from...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6282/version/2

Neuronal plasticity: cell-based strategy for target identification and validation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ana Mingorance-Le Meur; Timothy P. O&amp;#x27;Connor.
While growing neurites are relatively plastic during development, their plasticity levels drop rapidly as neurons mature and become integrated into neuronal networks. As a consequence, the central nervous system ability to reorganize itself in response to injury or disease is insufficient. One of the main limitations for the design of therapeutic strategies to enhance neurite sprouting following neurological diseases is our poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurite structural plasticity. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;To overcome this limitation, we have implemented a strategy to identify, characterize and validate the most therapeutically relevant drug targets to modulate neuronal plasticity. This strategy is based on the hypothesis...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2780/version/1

Crosstalk and the spectrum of biological global broadcasts: Toward generalization of the Baars consciousness model across physiological subsystems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Once cognitive biological phenomena are recognized as necessarily having &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information sources, it is easy to show that the information theory chain rule implies isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to dynamic global broadcasts of interacting cognitive biological processes analogous to, but slower than, consciousness, itself included within the paradigm. The argument is closely analogous to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in physiological systems.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6898/version/1

Optimal storage and recall with biologically plausible synapses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Cristina Savin; Mate Lengyel.
Synaptic plasticity is widely accepted to underlie learning and memory. Yet, models of associative networks with biologically plausible synapses fail to match brain performance: memories stored in such networks are quickly overwritten by ongoing plasticity (Amit &amp;#x26; Fusi 1996, Fusi et al 2007). Metaplasticity - the process by which neural activity changes the ability of synapses to exhibit further plasticity - is believed to increase memory capacity (Fusi et al 2005). However, it remains unclear if neurons can make use of this additional information during recall. In particular, previous attempts at reading out information in metaplastic synapses using heuristic recall dynamics led to rather poor performance (Huang &amp;#x26; Amit...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5818/version/1

Transcriptomic analysis implicates ribosomal and energy metabolic pathways in antiepileptic drug action in a Drosophila model
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Priyanka Singh; Farhan Mohammad; Abhay Sharma.
Mechanisms of long term action of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), used in treating epilepsy and many other neurological and psychiatric disorders, are poorly understood. Recently, a novel Drosophila transcriptomic model of locomotor plasticity induced by chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a chemoconvulsant commonly used to model epileptogenesis and test AEDs in rodents, has been described. In this model, two of the five AEDs tested, sodium valproate (NaVP) and levetiracetam (LEV), not ethosuximide (ETH), gabapentin (GBP) and vigabatrin (VGB), ameliorate development of chronic PTZ induced locomotor alteration. Here, we describe transcriptomic effect of the AEDs in the fly model. Singular treatment with ETH, GBP and VGB in general caused downregulation of genes....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3396/version/1

Dorsal Nucleus Raph&amp;#xe9;
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Josh J. Royall; Lydia L. Ng; John A. Morris.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the dorsal nucleus raph&amp;#xe9; (DR), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in-situ hybridization (ISH) mouse data set.  &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The structure&amp;#x2019;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the DR were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the midbrain, for the purpose of extracting regionally specific gene expression data.  The highest ranking ratios were then manually curated and verified.  The 50 Select Genes were compiled for expression characterization.  The experimental data for each gene may be accessed...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2054/version/1

ClassTAL
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Federico D&amp;#x27;Agata.
This is the description of a Matlab script (classTAL.m) that automatically classifies BrainVoyager .voi maps with afni, MRIStudio white matter and fcon1000 Intrinsic Connectivity Networks brain atlas. The script saves many useful output files (tables, figures and .voi).
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6142/version/2

Neurogenesis and astrogenesis contribute to vestibular compensation in the neurectomized adult cat: cellular and behavioral evidence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sophie Dutheil; Jean Michel Brezun; Jacques Leonard; Michel Lacour; Brahim Tighilet.
Neurogenesis occurs in some regions of the adult mammalian brain and gives rise to neurons integrated into functional networks. In pathological or postlesional conditions, neurogenesis and astrogenesis can also occur, as demonstrated in the deafferented vestibular nuclei after unilateral vestibular neurectomy in the adult cat. Here we report that in cats infused with an antimitotic drug, cytosine-[beta]-D arabinofuranoside (AraC), the number of GAD67 and GFAP immunoreactive cells is increased, despite the total mitotic activity blockade observed in the deafferented vestibular nuclei after unilateral vestibular neurectomy. At the behavioral level, recovery of posturo-locomotor function was drastically delayed, and no alteration of the horizontal spontaneous...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2957/version/1

Investigating the frontoparietal network in mental calculation in primary school children - An fMRI study
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Katrien Mondt; Danielle Bal&amp;#xe9;riaux; Thierry Metens; Philippe Paquier; Piet Van de Craen; Vincent Denolin.
The frontoparietal network activated during calculation processing is investigated in a pediatric population. Subjects assessed correctness of two and three operand equations. Besides traditional frontoparietal activation, clear activation of sites associated with error processing was observed.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1694/version/1

When Spandrels Become Arches: Neural crosstalk and the evolution of consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Once cognition is recognized as having a &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information source, the information theory chain rule implies that isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to the rapid, shifting global neural broadcasts of consciousness. The argument is quite analogous to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in neurons and neuronal subsystems. Astrobiological implications are obvious.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6115/version/2

Extending Astrobiology: Consciousness and Culture
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
The Stanley Miller experiment suggests that amino acid-based life is ubiquitous in our universe, although its varieties are not likely to have followed the particular, highly contingent and path-dependent, evolutionary trajectory found on Earth. Are many alien organisms likely to be conscious in ways that we would recognize? Almost certainly. Will some develop high order technology? Less likely, but still fairly probable. If so, will we be able to communicate with them? Only on a basic level, and only with profound difficulty. The argument is fairly direct.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5286/version/2

Representing an Object by Interchanging What with Where
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jong-Hoon Ahn; Yillbyung Lee.
Exploring representations is a fundamental step towards understanding vision. The visual system carries two types of information along separate pathways: One is about what it is and the other is about where it is. Initially, the what is represented by a pattern of activity that is distributed across millions of photoreceptors, whereas the where is &amp;#x27;implicitly&amp;#x27; given as their retinotopic positions. Many computational theories of object recognition rely on such pixel-based representations, but they are insufficient to learn spatial information such as position and size due to the implicit encoding of the where information. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Here we try transforming a retinal image of an object into its internal image via interchanging the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1686/version/1

Learning a Bayesian prior in interval timing
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hansem Sohn; Sang-Hun Lee.
Behavioral studies on perceptual learning (PL) often attributed an improvement in task performance to an enhancement in sensory processing of stimuli. However, the framework of Bayesian inference suggests that perceptual improvements can arise from learning-induced changes either in a likelihood function or in a prior expectation for sensory input. We developed and adapted Bayesian observer models to long-term changes in interval timing (IT) performance by human subjects to assess relative contributions of the prior and likelihood to PL of IT.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;While subjects were viewing a small bar that drifted for a while and disappeared, we estimated subjective time intervals ([DELTA]Ts) from subjects&amp;#x2019; natural reactions to...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5804/version/1

Early exposure to environmental toxin contributes to neuronal vulnerability and axonal pathology in a model of familial ALS
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Grace Lee; Christopher A. Shaw.
Adult onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) arises due to progressive and irreversible functional deficits to the central nervous system, specifically the loss of motor neurons. Sporadic ALS causality is not well understood, but is almost certainly of multifactorial origin involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The discovery of endemic ALS in the native Chamorro population of Guam during the 1950s and the co-occurrence of parkinsonism and dementia in some patients led to searches for an environmental toxins that could be responsible. In the present paper, we report that an environmental neurotoxin enhances mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD)-induced spinal motor neuron death and pathology and induces motor axon abnormalities. These...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6559/version/1

Protein folding disorders: Toward a basic biological paradigm
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Mechanistic &amp;#x27;physics&amp;#x27; models of protein folding fail to account for the observed spectrum of protein folding and aggregation disorders, suggesting that a more appropriately biological paradigm will be needed for understanding the etiology, prevention, and treatment of these diseases.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4344/version/1

Angiotensinergic innervation of rat and human mesenteric resistant blood vessels
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jaspal Patil; Eva Heiniger; Thomas Schaffner; Oliver Muhlemann; Hans Imboden.
In contrast to the current believe that angiotensin II (Ang II) only interacts with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as a circulating hormone, we document here the existence of an endogenous renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the sympathetic coeliac ganglion and the angiotensinergic innervation with mesenteric resistant blood vessels. Our findings indicate that Ang II is synthesized inside the neurons of sympathetic coeliac ganglion and may act as an endogenous neurotransmitter locally on the mesenteric resistant blood vessels.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/354/version/1

On the social induction of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease: An index theorem aging model for amyloid formation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace; Deborah Wallace.
The central &amp;#x27;risk factor&amp;#x27; for Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD) is age. From first principles, we construct a mathematical model of protein folding and its in vivo regulation that gives this result in a natural manner. We extend the basic approach using topological information theory methods, and examine a case history of socially-induced premature aging in the United States.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6012/version/1

Pramipexole protective effect on rotenone induced neurotoxicity in mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohamed M. Salama; Dina El-Tantawy; Sahar A. El-Dakroury; Hasan Abd-Elghaffar; Sara El-Dosouky; Abdelaziz A. Ghanem; Seham A. Gad-Elhak.
Introduction: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Pramipexole is a new dopaminergic drug which has been approved for PD treatment. However, we tried to find a new capacity for this drug rather than symptomatic effect. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Materials and Methods: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;A chronic rotenone model with daily oral dose of 30mg/kg was induced in mice. Pramipexole was tried in a new approach where the treatment began in the middle of rotenone course with oral dose 1mg/kg/day of pramipexole. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Further analysis of behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry revealed success of pramipexole in improving the rotenone intoxicated mice. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Conclusion:...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6640/version/1

Reinforcement learning in populations of spiking neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert Urbanczik; Walter Senn.
Population coding is widely regarded as a key mechanism for achieving reliable behavioral responses in the face of neuronal variability. But in standard reinforcement learning a flip-side becomes apparent. Learning slows down with increasing population size since the global reinforcement becomes less and less related to the performance of any single neuron. We show that, in contrast, learning speeds up with increasing population size if feedback about the populationresponse modulates synaptic plasticity in addition to global reinforcement. The two feedback signals (reinforcement and population-response signal) can be encoded by ambient neurotransmitter concentrations which vary slowly, yielding a fully online plasticity rule where the learning of a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1976/version/1

Extreme energy lability in human children: An overlooked and central aspect of human biology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Skoyles.
A four year old child devotes half their total energy expenditure (TEE) to their brains. Even by 10 years-of-age it is still 30% (compared to an adult&amp;#x2019;s &amp;#x2248;12%). This extreme energy use results from a high brain/body size ratio &amp;#x2013; combined with a doubling of cerebral gray matter energy utilization (due to synaptic exuberance during cognitive neuromaturation). &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;With extreme energy expenditure goes extreme vulnerability to hypoglycemia: (1) children become hypoglycemic after 24-36 hours of fast (compared to 60-72 hours in adults), and (2) their brains suffer neurological impairment (shown in disrupted P300 potentials) at a lower decrease in plasma glucose: 3.6 - 4.2 mmol L-1 in children rather...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7097/version/1

Chronic Morbilliviral Encephalitis in a Young Striped Dolphin from Italy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Giovanni Di Guardo; Cristiano Cocumelli; Francesco  Scholl; Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco; Roberto  Speranza; Massimiliano Pennelli; Claudia Eleni.
A young male striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) found stranded in November 2009 was affected by a chronic non-suppurative encephalitis, with prominent mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs, neuronal degeneration, microgliosis, neuronophagia and occasional presence of multinucleate syncytia. Immunohistochemical and biomolecular investigations for Morbillivirus were positive exclusively from the brain, but not from the cerebellum nor from any other tissue, with morbilliviral antigen being detected in neurons and astrocytes. A low neutralizing antibody titer (1:10) against Morbillivirus (CDV) was also found, with no simultaneous presence of anti-Brucella antibodies.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The main reason why the present case appears to be of interest is provided...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Microbiology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4912/version/1

Automated ocular artifact removal: comparing regression and component-based methods
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alois Schloegl; Andreas  Ziehe; Klaus-Robert M&amp;#xfc;ller.
Objective: The aim is to compare various fully automated methods for reducing ocular artifacts from EEG recordings.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods: Seven automated methods including regression, six component-based methods for reducing ocular artifacts have been applied to 36 data sets from two different labs. The influence of various noise sources is analyzed and the ratio between corrected and uncorrected EEG spectra, has been used to quantify the distortion. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results: The results show that not only regression but also component-based methods are vulnerable to over- or under-compensation and can cause significant distortion of EEG. Despite common belief, component-based methods did not demonstrate an advantage over the simple regression method....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3446/version/1

A Lateralized Brain Network for Visuo-Spatial Attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michel Thiebaut de Schotten; Flavio Dell&amp;#x27;Acqua; Stephanie Forkel; Andrew Simmons; Francesco Vergani; Declan G.M. Murphy; Marco Catani.
Looking for a friend in the crowd, avoiding a sudden danger or contemplating a work of art are some examples of actions based on the efficiency of our visuo-spatial attention system. The specialization of the right brain hemisphere for visuo-spatial attention is a characteristic of most humans, but its anatomical basis remains largely unknown. Our study is the first to report in humans the existence of a bilateral parieto-frontal network whose hemispheric lateralization predicts the degree of specialization of the right hemisphere for visuo-spatial attention. Our results also suggest that this specialization is associated with an unbalanced speed of visuo-spatial processing between the two hemispheres. This lateralization may be predictive of visuo-spatial...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5549/version/1

Positive Darwinian Selection And The Birth Of An Olfactory Receptor Clade In Teleost Fish
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ashiq Hussain; Luis Saraiva; Sigrun Korsching.
Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) in mammals recently have been shown to function as olfactory receptors. We have delineated the taar gene family in jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish (zero, two, and more than hundred genes, respectively). We conclude that taar genes are evolutionary much younger than the related OR and ORA/V1R olfactory receptor families, which are present already in lamprey, a jawless vertebrate. The two cartilaginous fish genes appear to be ancestral for two taar classes, each with mammalian and bony fish (teleost) representatives. Unexpectedly, a whole new clade, class III, of taar genes originated even later, within the teleost lineage. Taar genes from all three classes are expressed in subsets of zebrafish olfactory receptor...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6448/version/1

Chronic cocaine enhances release of neuroprotective amino acid taurine: a microdialysis study
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Elena Yablonski-Alter; Mervan Agovic; Eleonora Gashi; Theodore Lidsky; Eitan Freedman; Shailesh Banerjee.
Cocaine inhibits high-affinity neurotransmitter uptake at the presynaptic nerve terminals to increase synaptic levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin^1^. This increase of synaptic dopamine may cause neurotoxicity^2,3^. At least two different mechanisms have been proposed for the development of dopamine-related neurotoxicity: 1) dopamine produces a free radical that may induce cell toxicity^2,3^ and 2) dopamine reduces glutamate transport at its presynaptic sites to increase synaptic levels of this amino acid^4^ and augments glutamate transmission by activating dopamine D1 receptors in different areas of the brain^5-7^. Increase in glutamatergic transmission mediated by the activation on N-methyl dextro-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been shown to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2319/version/1

A visual sense of number
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Burr; John Ross.
Evidence exists for a non-verbal capacity to apprehend number, in humans^1^ (including infants^2,3^) and in other primates^4-6^. Here we show that perceived numerosity is susceptible to adaptation, along with primary visual properties of a scene like colour, contrast, size and speed. Apparent numerosity was decreased by adapting to large numbers of dots and increased by adapting to small numbers, the effect depended entirely on the numerosity of the adapter, not on contrast, size, orientation or pixel density, and occurred with very low adapter contrasts. We suggest that numerosity is also an independent primary visual property, not reducible to others like spatial frequency or density of texture^7^.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1353/version/1

A Physiological Role for Amyloid Beta Protein: Enhancement of Learning and Memory
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Morley; Susan Farr; William Banks; Steven N. Johnson; Kelvin A. Yamada; Lin Xu.
Amyloid beta protein (A[beta]) is well recognized as having a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD). The reason for the presence of A[beta] and its physiological role in non-disease states is not clear. In these studies, low doses of A[beta] enhanced memory retention in two memory tasks and enhanced acetylcholine production in the hippocampus _in vivo_. We then tested whether endogenous A[beta] has a role in learning and memory in young, cognitively intact mice by blocking endogenous A[beta] in healthy 2-month-old CD-1 mice. Blocking A[beta] with antibody to A[beta] or DFFVG (which blocks A[beta] binding) or decreasing A[beta] expression with an antisense directed at the A[beta] precursor APP all resulted in impaired...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2119/version/1

Predictability engenders more efficient neural responses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David M. Eagleman; Vani Pariyadath; Sara J. Churchill.
The neural response to a stimulus diminishes with repeated presentations, a phenomenon known as repetition suppression. We here use neuroimaging to demonstrate that repetition suppression appears to be a special case of &amp;#x22;prediction suppression&amp;#x22;--that is, the brain shows diminishing activity when subsequent stimuli in a train are predictable. This demonstration supports the hypothesis that the brain dynamically leverages prediction to minimize energy consumption.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2847/version/1

Music in the first days of life
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniela Perani; Maria Cristina Saccuman; Paola Scifo; Danilo Spada; Guido Andreolli; Rosanna Rovelli; Cristina Baldoli; Stefan Koelsch.
In adults, specific neural systems with right-hemispheric weighting are necessary to process pitch, melody and harmony, as well as structure and meaning emerging from musical sequences. To which extent does this neural specialization result from exposure to music or from neurobiological predispositions? We used fMRI to measure brain activity in 1 to 3 days old newborns while listening to Western tonal music, and to the same excerpts altered, so as to include tonal violations or dissonance. Music caused predominant right hemisphere activations in primary and higher-order auditory cortex. For altered music, activations were seen in the left inferior frontal cortex and limbic structures. Thus, the newborn&amp;#x27;s brain is able to plenty receive music and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2114/version/1

Neural activity dissociation between thought-based and perception-based response conflict
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Antao Chen; Xu Lei; Xiting Huang; Qinglin Zhang; Qiang Liu; Yongxiu Lai; Dezhong Yao; Hong Li.
Based on the idea that intentions have different penetrability to perception and thought (Fodor, 1983), four Stroop-like tasks, AA, AW, WA, and WW are used, where the A represents an arrow and the CPPR (closest processing prior to response) is perception, and the W represents a word and the CPPR is thought. Event-related brain potentials were recorded as participants completed these tasks, and sLORETA (standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) was used to localize the sources at specific time points. These results showed that there is an interference effect in the AA and WA tasks, but not in the AW or WW tasks. The activated brain areas related to the interference effect in the AA task were the PFC and ACC, and PFC activation took place...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1269/version/1

Colored filters improve exclusion of perceptual noise in visually symptomatic dyslexics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nadia Northway; Velitchko Manahilov; William A. Simpson.
Dyslexic individuals have deficits in detecting visual stimuli embedded in high levels of perceptual noise. Here we show that visually symptomatic dyslexics, who otherwise had elevated contrast thresholds for discriminating symbols in visual noise, had thresholds similar to non-dyslexics when wearing colored filters. These findings provide evidence that colored filters, which minimize the visual distortions and discomfort of dyslexics when reading, improve dyslexics&amp;#x27; noise exclusion to normal levels.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1729/version/1

Modeling long-range interactions across the visual field in stereo correspondence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jenny C. A. Read.
When the eyes are converged, most objects in the visual scene will have a significant vertical disparity as measured at the retina. The pattern of vertical disparity across the retina is largely independent of object depth, depending mainly on the particular eye position adopted. Recently, Phillipson and Read (2010, European Journal of Neuroscience, doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07454.x) showed that humans are better at achieving stereo correspondence when the vertical disparity field indicated infinite viewing distance, even when the physical viewing distance was just 30cm. They interpreted this as indicating that disparity encoding is optimized for long viewing distances, and is not updated to reflect changes in eye posture. Their results also indicated a...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5840/version/1

Power laws, memory capacity, and self-tuned critical branching in an LIF model with binary synapses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher T. Kello; Bryan Kerster.
Both fluctuations and distributions of spontaneous neural spiking activity have been observed to closely follow a variety of power laws. Multiple explanations have been offered for each observation, but few lead to mechanisms that encompass their widespread occurrence. A canonical, leaky integrate-and-fire model is presented in which synapses are updated based on the timing of pre- and post-synaptic spikes in order to maintain a state of critical branching. Results showed that 1) the self-tuning algorithm maintained critical branching under a range of parameters; 2) power laws were obtained in spiking activity fluctuations (1/f scaling), size distributions of network bursts (neural avalanches), and temporal correlations in interspike intervals (Allan...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5893/version/1

On the Origin of Western Diet Pathologies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Schloss.
The ratio of the two sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), may be a determining factor for which foods contribute to longevity and health. It is shown here that substantially more Met than Cys is consistently found in foods, such as dairy and meat products, thought to contribute to pathologies associated with the Western Diet.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4641/version/1

Off-line memory reprocessing in a recurrent neuronal network formed by unsupervised learning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jenia Jitsev; Christoph von der Malsburg.
In the visual cortex, memory traces for complex objects are embedded into a scaffold of feed-forward and recurrent connectivity of the hierarchically organized visual pathway. Strong evidence suggests that consolidation of the memory traces in such a memory network depends on an off-line reprocessing done in the sleep state or during restful waking. It remains largely unclear, what plasticity mechanisms are involved in this consolidation process and what changes are induced in the network during memory reprocessing in the off-line regime. Here we focus on the functional consequences off-line reprocessing has in a hierarchical recurrent neuronal network that learns different person identities from natural face images in an unsupervised manner. Due to the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5776/version/1

Perceptual deficits and inattention in schizophrenia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John R. Skoyles; Bernt C. Skottun.
A number of investigators have found perceptual deficits in schizophrenic subjects. It has also been indicated that those with schizophrenia suffer from reduced attention. This raises the possibility that their perceptual deficits may wholly or in part reflect attentional effects. The present study used computer simulations to examine the potential effects of inattention on performance measures determined with three psychophysical methods: the Two Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) Staircase Method, the Two Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) Fixed Stimuli Method, and the Yes/No Method. It is shown that both 2-AFC methods are susceptible to attentional effects but, in contrast, the Yes/No Method may allow for the differentiation of attentional effects from...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1584/version/1

MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging:  Origins, History &amp;#x26; Clinical Impact
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
Objective &amp;#x2013; Methods were invented that made it possible to image peripheral nerves in the body and to image neural tracts in the brain. Over a 15 year period, these techniques &amp;#x2013; MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging &amp;#x2013; were then deployed in the clinical and research community and applied to about 50,000 patients. Within this group, about 5,000 patients having MR Neurography were carefully tracked on a prospective basis.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Method &amp;#x2013; In the study group a uniform imaging methodology was applied and all images were reviewed and registered by referral source, clinical indication, efficacy of imaging and quality. Various classes of image findings were identified and subjected to a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2877/version/2

Solving mazes with memristors: a massively-parallel approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuriy V. Pershin; Massimiliano  Di Ventra.
Solving mazes is not just a fun pastime. Mazes are prototype models in graph theory, topology, robotics, traffic optimization, psychology, and in many other areas of science and technology. However, when maze complexity increases their solution becomes cumbersome and very time consuming. Here, we show that a network of memristors - resistors with memory - can solve such a non-trivial problem quite easily. In particular, maze solving by the network of memristors occurs in a massively parallel fashion since all memristors in the network participate simultaneously in the calculation. The result of the calculation is then recorded into the memristors&amp;#x2019; states, and can be used and/or recovered at a later time. Furthermore, the network of memristors...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5748/version/1

Regulated peristalsis into the acidic region of the _Drosophila_ larval midgut is controlled by a novel component of the Autonomic Nervous System
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dennis Richard LaJeunesse; Brooke Ann Johnson; Jason Presnell; Kathleen K. Catignas; Grzegorz Zapotoczny.
The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate and coordinate critical physiological processes such as peristalsis are complex, often cryptic, and involve the integration of multiple tissues and organ systems within the organism. We have identified a completely novel component of the larval autonomic nervous system in the _Drosophila_ larval midgut that is essential for the peristaltic movement of food from the anterior midgut into the acidic region of the midgut. We have named this region the Superior Cupric Autonomic Nervous System or SCANS. Located at the junction of the anterior and the acidic portions of the midgut, the SCANS is characterized by a cluster of a novel neuro-enteroendocrine cells that we call Lettuce Head Cells, a valve,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3873/version/1

Music can reduce cognitive dissonance
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nobuo  Masataka; Leonid Perlovsky.
The fundamental cognitive functions of music in the brain have not been known and evolutionary reasons for musical abilities seem mysterious. A recent hypothesis suggested that a fundamental function of music has been to help mitigating cognitive dissonances. A cognitive dissonance is &amp;#x22;a discomfort caused by holding conflicting cognitions&amp;#x22; simultaneously; it usually leads to devaluation of conflicting knowledge. Since every concept implies some degree of contradictions to other knowledge, unmitigated cognitive dissonances could prevent evolution of cognition. Thus music might be fundamental for the evolution of cognition. Here we provide experimental confirmation of this hypothesis using a classical paradigm known to induce a cognitive...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7080/version/1

Phase organization of circadian oscillators in extended gate and oscillator models
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gang Zhao.
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) control daily oscillations in physiology and behavior. The gate-oscillator model captures function heterogeneity in SCN and has been successful in reproducing many features of SCN. This paper investigates the mechanism of phase organization in the gate-oscillator model and finds that only stable fixed points of the phase transition function are essential to phase organization. Extending the model with a dead zone of the phase transition function and the propagation delay of the gate signal which represents the spatial structure of SCN, the author discusses how the experimentally reported phase distribution, including phase splitting of animals in LL condition, and fixed phase difference between neurons of SCN could be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3642/version/1

Comment to &amp;#x22;Endogenous Viral Etiology of Prion Diseases&amp;#x22;
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Claudiu Bandea.
This note is intended as a comment to a paper in Nature Precedings entitled &amp;#x22;Endogenous viral etiology of prion diseases&amp;#x22;:http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3887/version/1 . Because it contains illustrations that could not be displayed in the comments section of that paper, I&amp;#x2019;m posting this comment here as a PDF document.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Microbiology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4101/version/1

Choice reveals that rats are majoritarily resilient to cocaine addiction
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lauriane Cantin; Magalie Lenoir; Sarah Dubreucq; Fushia Serre; Caroline Vouillac; Serge H. Ahmed.
Assessing the relative reward value of cocaine and how it changes with repeated use represents a long-standing goal in addiction research. Surprisingly, recent experimental research in rats &amp;#x2013; the most frequently used animal model in the field &amp;#x2013; suggests that the reward value of cocaine may in fact be relatively weak at least in the majority of individuals. Here, we provide strong additional evidence that confirms and extends the validity and generality of this research. Specifically, we demonstrate that no matter how heavy is past cocaine self-administration, most rats value cocaine poorly and readily decide to quit when offered the opportunity of making a different choice (i.e., drinking water sweetened with saccharin, an otherwise...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3738/version/1

Requirements for a single cell mechanism of entorhinal &amp;#x22;grid field&amp;#x22; activity: role of dendritic oscillators and coupling
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michiel W. H. Remme; M&amp;#xe1;t&amp;#xe9; Lengyel; Boris S. Gutkin.
The responses of rat medial entorhinal cortical neurons form characteristic grid patterns as a function of the animal&amp;#x2019;s position. A recent model of grid fields proposes a mechanism based on intrinsic single cell properties. It relies on interference patterns emerging from multiple distinct and independent oscillations maintained in the dendritic tree of the cell. Here we examine the requirements necessary to implement this idealized mechanism in a biophysically realistic model. We find that appropriate grid field-formation by a single cell is exquisitely sensitive to intra-dendritic interactions. Mathematical analysis shows how these effects depend on properties of the dendritic oscillators and the (active) membrane segments that connect them....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3338/version/1

It was (not) me: Causal Inference of Agency in goal-directed actions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tobias F. Beck; Carlo Wilke; Barbara Wirxel; Dominik Endres*; Axel Lindner; Martin A. Giese*.
Summary: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The perception of one&amp;#x27;s own actions depends on both sensory information and predictions derived from internal forward models [1]. The integration of these information sources depends critically on whether perceptual consequences are associated with one&amp;#x2019;s own action (sense of agency) or with changes in the external world that are not related to the action. The perceived effects of actions should thus critically depend on the consistency between the predicted and the actual sensory consequences of actions. To test this idea, we used a virtual-reality setup to manipulate the consistency between pointing movements and their visual consequences and investigated the influence of this manipulation on self-action...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5858/version/1

Cognitive Sciences and Child Poverty: Facts and Challenges
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Amedeo D&amp;#x27;Angiulli; Sebastian Lipina.
In the context of cognitive neuroscience, the study of poverty and social gradients is a very young area of research where a core consensus of basic results is quickly emerging. However, as any emerging scientific discipline, the approaches used are influenced by epistemological stances inherited from other disciplines, and potentially implicit ideological systems as well. Explicitly or inadvertently, such influences can lead this critically important new area of research to methodological and ethical foundational challenges and to issues that are in need of debate (e.g., poverty definition criteria, lack of specificity when considering child poverty in terms of how children experience different type of deprivations, or lack of critics regarding social...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4679/version/1

INCF Workshops on Needs for Training in Neuroinformatics: Extended and Short Course Provision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Willshaw.
The second and third _INCF Workshops on Training in Neuroinformatics_ were organized by the INCF National Node of the UK. In these workshops, the issues arising in providing extended courses, such as a full time Masters, or short courses, of a few days or a few weeks, were discussed. There was a focus on how the INCF could facilitate training in these types of courses. In this report, the recommendations from all three Training workshops are brought together.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5599/version/1

The Central Enigma of Consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chris C. King.
Abstract: The nature and physical basis of consciousness remains the central enigma of the scientific description of reality in the third millennium. This paper seeks to examine the phenomenal nature of subjective consciousness and elucidate a possible biophysical basis for its existence, in terms of a form of quantum anticipation based on entangled states driven by chaotic sensitivity of global brain dynamics during decision-making processes. Evidence is presented for the evolutionary emergence of chaotic excitation as a universal sense organ in the founding eucaryotes, which then became used in a context-sensitive manner by complex central nervous systems, leading to the dynamical brain.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2465/version/1

Mushroom-bodies regulate habit formation in _Drosophila_
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bj&amp;#xf6;rn Brembs.
Our past experience is one of the primary sources of information when faced with a choice. We ask ourselves: &amp;#x22;what will happen if I do this?&amp;#x22;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Accurately predicting the consequences of our actions is usually modeled by operant (instrumental) learning experiments. These types of experiments are often contrasted with classical (Pavlovian) conditioning experiments in a dichotomy. And indeed, different brain circuits mediate the acquisition of skills and habits (via operant/instrumental learning) and the acquisition of facts (via classical/Pavlovian learning). However, realistic learning situations always comprise interactions of skill- and fact-learning components (composite learning). Fixed flying Drosophila melanogaster at...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2171/version/1

Standardized Model for Repeated Social Defeat Stress vs. Sensory Contact Model: similarities and differences, strengths and weaknesses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Natalia N. Kudryavtseva.
Of all the models used by behavioral neuroscience the biosocial models are gaining in popularity among the scientists who study the consequences of chronic social conflicts and social stress in animals. One of such models, the Standardized Model for Repeated Social Defeat Stress (SMRSDS) (Golden et al., 2011) has been widely applied to produce important results on the molecular mechanisms of the social defeat stress (Berton et al., 2006). SMRSDS is a modified version of the Sensory Contact Model (SCM) (Kudryavtseva, 1991), which has been used by different laboratories in its original or modified forms for elucidating implications of chronic social conflicts. The basic design and justification of the SCM different stages are described in detail in the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6411/version/1

Sensorimotor states affect choice in the magnitude judgment of ambiguous durations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carmelo M. Vicario; Enea Francesco Pavone; Giorgio Fuggetta.
The statistics of the environment seem to exert optimal influence on the organization of functions subserving decision making. In order to make decisions about ambiguous sensory information, predictive coding models suggest that brain generate a template against which to match observed sensory evidence. Here we challenge this notion providing evidence that stochastic choices about the magnitude judgment of visual duration are triggered by bottom-up sensorimotor information.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3264/version/1

Coupling perception and action using probabilistic control
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Constantin A. Rothkopf; Paul Schrater.
Although there is a long tradition of separating perception, decision making and action, the theoretical conditions for such a separation are very restrictive and not applicable even to the most basic every day tasks in humans. Instead, all uncertainties relating states of the world to observations, actions to future states and rewards, and actions to observations need to be considered in order to act optimally. In the most general formulation this can be formalized as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP).&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We consider the task of intercepting a moving ball for which a multitude of previous studies has shown that humans use a constant bearing angle strategy. Here we manipulated the observation function in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6566/version/1

Neural Mechanisms of Selective Auditory Attention in Rats (Dissertation)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lung-Hao Tai; Anthony M. Zador.
How does attention modulate sensory representations? In order to probe the underlying neural mechanisms, we established a simple rodent model of modality-specific attention. Rats were trained to perform distinct auditory two-tone discrimination and olfactory odor discrimination in a two alternative choice (2AC) paradigm. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;To determine auditory cortex&amp;#x2019;s role in this frequency discrimination task, we used GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol to transiently and reversibly inactivate auditory cortexes bilaterally in rats performing simple interleaved auditory and olfactory discrimination. With olfactory discrimination performance serving as internal control for motivation and decision making capability, we found only auditory two-tone...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2355/version/1

The INCF Digital Atlasing Program: Report on Digital Atlasing Standards in the Rodent Brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael Hawrylycz; Jyl Boline; Albert Burger; Tsutomu Hashikawa; G. Allan Johnson; Maryann Martone; Lydia Ng; Jonathan Nissanov; Luis Puelles; Seth Ruffins; Fons Verbeek; Ilya Zaslavsky.
The goal of the INCF Digital Atlasing Program is to provide the vision and direction necessary to make the rapidly growing collection of multidimensional data of the rodent brain (images, gene expression, etc.) widely accessible and usable to the international research community. This Digital Brain Atlasing Standards Task Force was formed in May 2008 to investigate the state of rodent brain digital atlasing, and formulate standards, guidelines, and policy recommendations.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Our first objective has been the preparation of a detailed document that includes the vision and specific description of an infrastructure, systems and methods capable of serving the scientific goals of the community, as well as practical issues for...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4000/version/1

_Drosophila_ and human transcriptomic data mining provides evidence for therapeutic mechanism of pentylenetetrazole in Down syndrome
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Abhay Sharma.
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) has recently been found to ameliorate cognitive impairment in rodent models of Down syndrome (DS). The mechanism underlying PTZ&amp;#x2019;s therapeutic effect is however not clear. Microarray profiling has previously reported differential expression of genes in DS. No mammalian transcriptomic data on PTZ treatment however exists. Nevertheless, a _Drosophila_ model inspired by rodent models of PTZ induced kindling plasticity has recently been described. Microarray profiling has shown PTZ&amp;#x2019;s downregulatory effect on gene expression in fly heads. In a comparative transcriptomics approach, I have analyzed the available microarray data in order to identify potential mechanism of PTZ action in DS. I find that transcriptomic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4330/version/1

Migraine aura: retracting particle-like waves in weakly susceptible cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Markus A. Dahlem; Nouchine Hadjikhani.
Cortical spreading depression (SD) has been suggested to underlie migraine aura. Despite a precise match in speed, the spatio-temporal patterns of SD and aura symptoms on the cortical surface ordinarily differ in aspects of size and shape. We show that this mismatch is reconciled by utilizing that both pattern types bifurcate from an instability point of generic reaction-diffusion models. To classify these spatio-temporal pattern we suggest a susceptibility scale having the value [sigma]=1 at the instability point. We predict that human cortex is only weakly susceptible to SD ([sigma]&amp;#x3c;1), and support this prediction by directly matching visual aura symptoms with anatomical landmarks using fMRI retinotopic mapping. We discuss the increased...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2070/version/1

A stem-cell ageing hypothesis on the origin of Parkinson&amp;#x27;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andr&amp;#xe9;  X. C. N. Valente; Jorge Sousa; Tiago Outeiro; Lino Ferreira.
A transcriptome-wide blood expression dataset of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease (PD) patients and controls was analyzed under the hypothesis-rich mathematical framework. The analysis pointed towards differential expression in blood cells in many of the processes known or predicted to be disrupted in PD. We suggest that circulating blood cells in PD patients can be in a full-blown PD-expression state. We put forward the hypothesis that sporadic PD can originate as a case of hematopoietic stem cell/differentiation process expression program defect and suggest this research direction deserves further investigation.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4263/version/2

Long double stranded RNA is present in scrapie infected cells and tissues
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yervand E. Karapetyan.
The nature of the infectious agent causing scrapie and other Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies remains an enigma despite decades of research efforts. The protein-only prion hypothesis posits that abnormal conformer of a host protein is the infectious agent. Virus and virino theories include host-independent nucleic acid as the genome of the infectious agent in addition to protein component (in case of virino a host protein and in case of virus a viral protein).  Viral or sub-viral nucleic acids have long been sought in scrapie to explain the existence of multiple agent strains.  Many different approaches were undertaken to find such nucleic acid. Despite that no scrapie specific nucleic acid sequences have been found in infected cells or tissues....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Microbiology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6759/version/1

The Feasibility of Neuroimaging Methods in Marketing Research
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nick Lee; Carl Senior; Michael Butler; Ricardo Fuchs.
On July 17, 1990, President George Bush issued &amp;#x201c;Proclamation #6158&amp;#x201d; which boldly declared the following ten years would be called the &amp;#x201c;Decade of the Brain&amp;#x201d; (Bush, 1990). Accordingly, the research mandates of all US federal biomedical institutions worldwide were redirected towards the study of the brain in general and cognitive neuroscience specifically. In 2008, one of the greatest legacies of this &amp;#x201c;Decade of the Brain&amp;#x201d; is the impressive array of techniques that can be used to study cortical activity. We now stand at a juncture where cognitive function can be mapped in the time, space and frequency domains, as and when such activity occurs. These advanced techniques have led to discoveries...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2836/version/1

The Effect of Retro-Cueing on an ERP Marker of VSTM Maintenance
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alexandra M. Murray; Bo-Cheng Kuo; Mark G. Stokes; Anna C. Nobre.
Previous research has found that Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) is correlated with the number of items maintained in Visual Short Term Memory from one visual field (VF) (Vogel &amp;#x26; Machizawa, 2004).  CDA is usually elicited by a to-be-remembered array after a prospective cue (pro-cue) signalling the relevant side of the visual display, and is interpreted as a putative electrophysiological signature of WM maintenance. Attention can also be directed to the contents of VSTM, after the presentation of a visual array, using a retroactive cue (retro-cue) (Nobre, Griffin, &amp;#x26; Rao, 2008).  Because retro-cueing directs attention within a memory trace, potentially reducing the load of items to be maintained, we hypothesised that this would...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2958/version/1

Connectivity reflects coding: A model of voltage-based spike-timing-dependent-plasticity with homeostasis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Claudia Clopath; Lars B&amp;#xfc;sing; Eleni Vasilaki; Wulfram Gerstner.
Electrophysiological connectivity patterns in cortex often show a few strong connections in a sea of weak connections. In some brain areas a large fraction of strong connections are bidirectional, in others they are mainly unidirectional. In order to explain these connectivity patterns, we use a model of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity where synaptic changes depend on presynaptic spike arrival and the postsynaptic membrane potential. The model describes several nonlinear effects in STDP experiments, as well as the voltage dependence of plasticity under voltage clamp and classical paradigms of LTP/LTD induction. We show that in a simulated recurrent network of spiking neurons our plasticity rule leads not only to receptive field development, but also to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3362/version/1

The cultural epigenetics of psychopathology: The missing heritability of complex diseases found?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
We extend a cognitive paradigm for gene expression to the epigenetic epidemiology of mental disorders, recognizing the fundamental role that culture plays in human biology as another heritage mechanism parallel to, and interacting with, the more familiar genetic and epigenetic systems. In the mathematical model, culture acts as another tunable epigenetic catalyst that both directs developmental trajectories and becomes convoluted with individual ontology via a mutually interacting crosstalk mediated by a social interaction that is itself culturally driven. We call for the incorporation of embedding culture as an essential component of the epigenetic regulation of human mental development and its dysfunctions, bringing what is perhaps the central reality of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3894/version/2

Cognitive epidemiology of ethnic health and the CHRM2 vagal vigour hypothesis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roy A. Frye.
Ethnic populations representing areas throughout California were compared regarding cognitive ability, socioeconomic position, and mortality. Cognition and socioeconomic position were inversely correlated with mortality. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs8191992 in the M2 muscarinic receptor gene (CHRM2) was previously linked to IQ and modulation of vagal tone. The CHRM2 vagal vigour hypothesis posits that variation at rs8191992 alters the binding site for a brain-expressed microRNA (hsa-mir-383) thereby changing expression of brain M2 muscarinic receptors to cause pleiotropic effects on cognition and vagus nerve signalling which then affects health via the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This may help explain ethnic health differences,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2862/version/1

Desynchronization of pathological low-frequency brain activity by the hypnotic drug zolpidem.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Stephen D. Hall; Naoki Yamawaki; Alison E. Fisher; Ralf P. Clauss; Gavin L. Woodhall; Ian M. Stanford.
Reports of the beneficial effects of the hypnotic imidazopyridine, zolpidem, described in persistent vegetative state^1, 2^ have been replicated recently in brain-injured and cognitively impaired patients^3-7^. Previous single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies have suggested that sub-sedative doses of zolpidem increased regional cerebral perfusion in affected areas^5, 8^, implying enhanced neuronal metabolic activity; which has led to speculation that zolpidem &amp;#x27;reawakens&amp;#x27; functionally dormant cortex. However, a neuronal mechanism by which this hypnotic drug affords benefits to brain injured patients has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we report the action of sub-sedative doses of zolpidem on neuronal network oscillatory...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1966/version/1

The Role of Neuregulin 1 in Schizophrenia:  A Bioinformatics Approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alvaro M. Dias; Vinicius V. M. C. Maracaja-Coutinho; Artur A. Q. L. Lopo.
*Context:* Notwithstanding the great number of studies on the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, both issues remain far from being fully understood. Schizophrenia seems to be related to several biochemical abnormalities, which point to a multi-factor etiology and pathophysiology, as well as to the perspective that several etiologically diverse disorders might coexist within this nosographic entity. On the other hand, identical twins reveal a high concordance for schizophrenia. From that standpoint, the perspective that structurally-related proteins may play an important and yet non-deterministic role seems attractive. Among these proteins, it is suggestive that Neuregulin 1 exerts a pivotal role. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Objective:* This paper aims...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3905/version/1

Huntington&amp;#x2019;s disease is a TH17 related autoimmune disorder against mutant Huntingtin coded by multiple CAG triplets
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wanchung(Wanjiung) Hu.
Huntington&amp;#x2019;s disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder. It belongs to the polyQ accumulation disease with mutant Huntington protein. The mutant Huntington has expanded CAG triplet repeats which make it easy to accumulate. However, the exact mechanism causing Huntington&amp;#x2019;s disease pathophysiology is unknown. Here, I propose that Huntington&amp;#x2019;s disease is an autoimmune disease. During childhood, there are Treg cells from the thymus to prevent autoimmune reaction against mutant Huntington. When the patient grows older with thymus atrophy, the accumulated mutant Huntington triggers TH17 related inflammatory reaction via heat shock proteins and toll-like receptor activation. Then, TH17 related cytokines such as...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6129/version/1

B6 deficient feeding or homocysteic acid induces the earlier Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s pathological change in normal C57BL male mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tohru Hasegawa; Nobuyuki Mikoda; Masashi Kitazawa; Frank LaFerla.
It is the first report that the earlier Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s pathological changes can be induced in normal C57BL mice, by B6 deficient feeding for 3 month, and this pathological changes were completely inhibited by anti-homocysteic acid antibody. According to Koch&amp;#x27;s postulate, if a pathogen of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is administrated to the normal animal, we would observe the Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s pathology in the normal animal. We actually have observed this pathology in normal C57BL male mice.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2764/version/1

Integrative Approach - New Level Knowledge of Functions: Opportunities and Prospects
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vladimir M. Pokrovskii.
In this article, the example of the mechanisms of heart rhythmogenesis in the intact organism is used to demonstrate the new capabilities provided by an integrative approach. It is shown that the rhythm is formed in the brain, transmitted to the heart in the form of signals along the vagus nerves and reproduces the heart. Evidence: the heart rhythm reproduces the natural efferent signals in the vagus nerves in the cardio-respiratory synchronism and in the intact organism sino-atrial node performs the functions of the latent pacemaker. Integration of the two hierarchical levels of rhythmogenesis (brain and intracardiac) provides the reliability and functional perfection of cardiac rhythm generation in the body. It is expedient to extend the presented...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6938/version/1

The Freezing Rotation Illusion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Max R. D&amp;#xfc;rsteler.
The freezing rotation illusion arises when a figure is continuously rotating in front of a back and forth rotating ground. The term &amp;#x201c;freezing rotation&amp;#x201d; designates the decrease in the perceived rotation speed of a figure when the figure and the ground are turning in equal directions.  Subjects had to estimate the rotation speed of a continuously turning figure while the ground was either turning opposite to or with the figure. Their estimations of the figure&amp;#x2019;s speed were significantly lower, when the ground was moving in the same direction as the figure.  In control experiments subjects had to estimate the ground&amp;#x2019;s speed while the figure was turning opposite to or with the ground. Overall, their estimations of the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/371/version/1

In vivo evidence for NMDA receptor mediated excitotoxicity in a murine genetic model of Huntington Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mary Heng; Peter Detloff; Phillip Wang; Joe Tsien; Roger Albin.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated excitotoxicity is implicated as a proximate cause of neurodegeneration in Huntington Disease (HD). However, this hypothesis has not been tested rigorously in vivo. NMDAR NR2B-subunits are the predominant NR2 subunit expressed by the striatal medium spiny neurons that degenerate in HD. To test this hypothesis, we crossed a well validated murine genetic model of HD (Hdh(CAG)150) with a transgenic line overexpressing NMDAR NR2B-subunits. In the resulting double mutant line, we show exacerbation of selective striatal neuron degeneration. These results provide the first direct in vivo evidence of NR2B-NMDAR mediated excitotoxicity in the context of HD. Our results are consistent with prior suggestions that direct...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1996/version/1

Human neuromaturation, juvenile extreme energy liability, and adult cognition/cooperation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Skoyles.
Human childhood and adolescence is the period in which adult cognitive competences (including those that create the unique cooperativeness of humans) are acquired. It is also a period when neural development puts a juvenile&amp;#x2019;s survival at risk due to the high vulnerability of their brain to energy shortage. The brain of a 4 year-old human uses &amp;#x2248;50% of its total energy expenditure (TEE) (cf. adult &amp;#x2248;12%). This brain expensiveness is due to (1) the brain making up &amp;#x2248;6% of a 4 year-old body compared to 2% in an adult, and (2) increased energy metabolism that is &amp;#x2248;100% greater in the gray matter of a child than in an adult (a result of the extra costs of synaptic neuromaturation). The high absolute number of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7096/version/1

Introduction of Transmembrane Inner Ear (tmie) Gene Can Recover the Hearing Impairment and Abnormal Behavior in the Circling Mouse
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mi Jung Shin; Jeong-Han Lee; Dong Hoon Yu; Bong Soo Kim; Hei Jung Kim; Sung Hyun Kim; Myoung Ok Kim; Channy Park; Byung-Hwa Hyun; Sanggyu Lee; Jun-Gyo Suh; Hong-Seob So; Raekil Park; Zae Young Ryoo.
The spontaneous mutant circling mouse (cir/cir) shows a circling behavior and hearing loss. We produced transgenic mice overexpressing the causative gene, transmembrane inner ear (tmie), for the phenotypic rescue of the circling mouse. Through the continuous breeding with circling mice, the cir/cir homozygous mice carrying the transgene (cir/cir-tg) were produced. The rescued cir/cir -tg mice were able to swim in the water with proper orientation and did not show any circling behavior like wild type mice. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis exhibited that the transgenic tmie was expressed in the inner ear. Inner and outer hair cells were recovered in the cochlea and spiral ganglion neurons were also recovered in the rescued mice. Auditory...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2106/version/1

Facial Motor Nucleus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Rachel A. Dalley; Lydia  L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a summary of expression patterns for genes that are enriched in the facial motor nucleus (VII) of the medulla. All data is derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse project. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the facial motor nucleus were compared to the values of its larger parent structure, in this case the medulla, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The highest ranking genes were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression analysis. The experimental...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2201/version/1

Facial Expression Processing Varies with Political Affiliation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jacob Vigil.
Conservative political beliefs have been linked to heightened stress reactivity and protective cognitive biases. Using a facial discrimination task designed to measure perceptions of threat (vs. non threat) and dominance (vs. submissiveness), I show that Republicans demonstrate a greater tendency to interpret ambiguous facial stimuli as expressing more threatening and more dominant emotions than do Democrats. The findings suggest the political ideology may be associated with basic social perceptual sensitivities.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2414/version/1

Towards a cognitive definition of colour vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Skorupski; Lars Chittka.
In recent years, colour vision abilities have been rather generously awarded to vari-ous invertebrates and even bacteria. This uncertainty of when to diagnose colour vi-sion stems in part from confusing what colour vision can do with what it is. What col-our vision can do is discriminate wavelength independent of intensity. However, if we take this as a definition of what colour vision is, then we might indeed be obliged to conclude that some plants and bacteria have colour vision. Moreover, there is a simi-lar confusion of what are necessary and what are sufficient mechanisms and behav-ioural abilities for colour vision. To humans, seeing in colour means seeing an image in which objects/lights have chromatic attributes - in contrast to the sensation that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1766/version/1

Difference in response reliability predicted by STRFs in the cochlear nuclei of barn owls
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Louisa J. Steinberg; Jose L. Pena.
The brainstem auditory pathway is obligatory for all aural information. Brainstem auditory neurons must encode the level and timing of sounds, as well as their time-dependent spectral properties, the fine structure and envelope, which are essential for sound discrimination. This study focused on envelope coding in the two cochlear nuclei of the barn owl, nucleus angularis (NA) and nucleus magnocellularis (NM). NA and NM receive input from bifurcating auditory nerve fibers and initiate processing pathways specialized in encoding interaural time (ITD) and level (ILD) differences, respectively. We found that NA neurons, though unable to accurately encode stimulus phase, lock more strongly to the stimulus envelope than NM units. The spectrotemporal receptive...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5798/version/1

A new dynamic property of human consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: UnCheol  Lee; Seunghwan Kim; Gyu-Jeong Noh; Byung-Moon Choi.
As pointed out by William James, &amp;#x22;the consciousness is a dynamic process, not a thing&amp;#x22; , during which short term integration is succeeded by another differentiated neural state through the continual interplay between the environment, the body, and the brain itself. Thus, the dynamic structure underlying successive states of the brain is important for understanding human consciousness as a process. In order to investigate the dynamic property of human consciousness, we developed a new method to reconstruct a state space from electroencephalogram(EEG), in which a trajectory, reflecting states of consciousness, is constructed based on the global information integration of the brain. EEGs were obtained from 14 subjects received an intravenous...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1244/version/1

Optimizing automated preprocessing streams for brain morphometric comparisons across multiple primate species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Mietchen; Robert Dahnke; Christian Gaser.
INTRODUCTION&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;MR techniques have delivered images of brains from a wide array of species, ranging from invertebrates to birds to elephants and whales. However, their potential to serve as a basis for comparative brain morphometric investigations has rarely been tapped so far (Christidis and Cox, 2006; Van Essen &amp;#x26; Dierker, 2007), which also hampers a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind structural alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders (Kochunov et al., 2010).  One of the reasons for this is the lack of computational tools suitable for morphometrci comparisons across multiple species. In this work, we aim to characterize this gap, taking primates as an...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4511/version/2

An Olfactory Receptor Pseudogene whose Function emerged in Humans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Lai; Gautam Bahl; Maryse Gremigni; Valery  Matarazzo; Olivier Clot-Faybesse; Catherine Ronin; Chiquito J. Crasto.
Human olfactory receptor, hOR17-210, is identified as a pseudogene in the human genome. Experimental data has shown however, that the gene product of cloned hOR17-210 cDNA was able to bind an odorant-binding protein and is narrowly tuned for excitation by cyclic ketones. Supported by experimental results, we used the bioinformatics methods of sequence analysis, computational protein modeling and docking, to show that functionality in this receptor is retained due to sequence-structure features not previously observed in mammalian ORs. This receptor does not possess the first two transmembrane helical domains (of seven typically seen in GPCRs). It however, possesses an additional TM that has not been observed in other human olfactory receptors. By...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1290/version/1

Neuroscience and eating disorders: the role of the medial temporal lobe
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Giuseppe Riva.
Evidence from psychology and neuroscience indicates that our spatial experience, including the bodily one, involves the integration of different sensory inputs within two different reference frames egocentric (body as reference of first-person experience) and allocentric (body as object in the physical world). Even if functional relations between these two frames are usually limited, they influence each other during the interaction between long- and short-term memory processes in spatial cognition. If, for some reasons, this process is impaired, the egocentric sensory inputs are no more able to update the contents of the allocentric representation of the body: the subject is locked to it.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In our perspective, subjects with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4235/version/1

Identifying reliable traits across laboratory mouse exploration arenas: A meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael J. Galsworthy; Rime Madani; Hans-Peter Lipp.
This study is a meta-analysis of 367 mice from a collection of behaviour neuroscience and behaviour genetic studies run in the same lab in Zurich, Switzerland. We employed correlation-based statistics to confirm and quantify consistencies in behaviour across the testing environments. All 367 mice ran exactly the same behavioural arenas: the light/dark box, the null maze, the open field arena, an emergence task and finally an object exploration task. We analysed consistency of three movement types across those arenas (resting, scanning, progressing), and their relative preference for three zones of the arenas (home, transition, exploration). Results were that 5/6 measures showed strong individual-differences consistency across the tests. Mean inter-arena...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6981/version/1

Sociability is decreased following deletion of the _trpc4_ gene
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kristin C. Rasmus; Jun-Gang  Wang; Andrew L. Varnell; Eric M. Ostertag; Donald C. Cooper.
Shyness and social anxiety are predominant features of some psychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. Understanding the cellular and molecular determinants of sociability may reveal therapeutic approaches to treat individuals with these disorders and improve their quality of life. Previous experiments from our laboratory have identified selective mRNA and protein expression of a nonselective cation channel known as the canonical transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4s) in brain regions implicated in emotional regulation and anxiety. TRPC4 is highly expressed in the corticolimbic regions of the mammalian brain. We hypothesized that robust corticolimbic expression of TRPC4 may regulate the brain&amp;#x2019;s...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6367/version/1

Averaging Transformations of Synaptic Potentials on Networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hamid Reza Noori.
The problem of the transformation of microscopic information to the macroscopic level is an intriguing challenge in computational neuroscience, but also of general mathematical importance. Here, a phenomenological mathematical model is introduced that simulates the internal information processing of brain compartments. Synaptic potentials are integrated over small number of realistically coupled neurons to obtain macroscopic quantities. The striatal complex, an important part of the basal ganglia circuit in the brain for regulating motor activity, has been investigated as an example for the validation of the model.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3348/version/1

Learning complex tasks with probabilistic population codes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Richard  E. Turner; Pietro Berkes; Jozsef Fiser.
Recent psychophysical experiments imply that the brain employs a neural representation of the uncertainty in sensory stimuli and that probabilistic computations are supported by the cortex.  Several candidate neural codes for uncertainty have been posited including Probabilistic Population Codes (PPCs).  PPCs support various versions of probabilistic inference and marginalisation in a neurally plausible manner. However, in order to establish whether PPCs can be of general use, three important limitations must be addressed. First, it is critical that PPCs support learning. For example, during cue combination, subjects are able to learn the uncertainties associated with the sensory cues as well as the prior distribution over the stimulus. However, previous...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5838/version/1

Visual computation of surface lightness: Local contrast vs. frames of reference
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alan Gilchrist; Ana Radonjic.
Seeing black, white and gray surfaces, called lightness perception, might seem simple because white surfaces reflect 90% of the light they receive while black surfaces reflect only 3%, and the human retina is composed of light sensitive cells. The problem is that, because illumination varies from time to time and from place to place, any amount of light can be reflected from any shade of gray. Thus the amount of light reflected by an object, called luminance, says nothing about its lightness. Experts agree that the lightness of a surface can be computed only by using the surrounding context, but they disagree about how the context is used. We have tested an image in which two major classes of theory, contrast theories and frame-of-reference theories, make...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4244/version/1

NPY Levels In Type 1 Diabetic Men of Different Duration.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Riccardo Volpi; Anna Araldi; Simona Cataldo; Maria Grazia Magotti; Luigi Capretti; Vittorio Coiro; Claudio Giumelli; Teore Ferri; Roberta Minelli; Lavinia Volpi; Paolo Chiodera.
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the different duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus influences basal NPY secretion. Design: The NPY concentrations were measured in sixty-eight men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (duration: group 1 (n.21) &amp;#x3c;5 years (range 2-4 years); group 2 (n.24) &amp;#x3e;5 years and &amp;#x3c;10 years (range: 6-9 years); group 3 (n.29) &amp;#x3e;10 years (range: 11-14 years)) and in age matched normal control subjects (n. 30). Results: The NPY levels were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 2 and 1 and in the control group, in group 2 than in group 1 and in the control group and in group 1 than control group. Conclusion: These results support the view that the duration of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6731/version/1

The chronotron: a neuron that learns to fire temporally-precise spike patterns
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: R&amp;#x103;zvan V. Florian.
In many cases, neurons process information carried by the precise timing of spikes. Here we show how neurons can learn to generate specific temporally-precise output spikes in response to input spike patterns, thus processing and memorizing information that is fully temporally coded, both as input and as output. We introduce two new supervised learning rules for spiking neurons with temporal coding of information (chronotrons), one that is analytically-derived and highly efficient, and one that has a high degree of biological plausibility. We show how chronotrons can learn to classify their inputs and we study their memory capacity.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5190/version/1

Limiting effect of diazepam on Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis in anxious male mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vasily N. Kaledin; Svetlana I. Ilnitskaya; Valery P. Nikolin; Nelly A. Popova; Dmitry A. Smagin; Natalia N. Kudryavtseva.
_Aim:_ It has been shown previously that chronic social defeat stress produces development of strong anxiety and increases intensity of experimental metastasis in the losers in comparison with the control mice. The question was: is it possible to decrease the number of metastases in the losers by chronic or acute diazepam treatment. _Materials and Methods._ Sensory contact model was used for generating male mice with repeated experience of social defeats or victories in daily agonistic interactions. Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC) were injected into the tail vein of animals after 10 days of agonistic interactions. Then mice were treated acutely or chronically (7 days) with diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p). Number of metastases in the lung was calculated in 16 days...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2748/version/1

A novel Drosophila transcriptomic and behavioral model detects potassium chloride with therapeutic potential
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Farhan Mohammad; Priyanka Singh; Abhay Sharma.
In a newly described _Drosophila_ model, two of the five antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) tested, sodium valproate (NaVP) and levetiracetam (LEV), not ethosuximide (ETH), gabapentin (GBP) and vigabatrin (VGB), ameliorate development of chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced locomotor alteration. To further characterize the model, we analyze here the microarray expression profile of heads of flies treated with depolarizing compound potassium chloride (KCl). Surprisingly, microarray clustering showed unexpected similarity among KCl, LEV and NaVP. Further, like the two effective AEDs in the fly model, KCl regulated genes overrepresented ribosomal pathway. Interestingly, KCl also ameliorated development of locomotor deficit in the chronic PTZ model. Both...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3429/version/1

A neural model for the visual tuning properties of action-selective neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Martin A. Giese; Vittorio Caggiano; Falk Fleischer.
SUMMARY: The recognition of actions of conspecifics is crucial for survival and social interaction. Most current models on the recognition of transitive (goal-directed) actions rely on the hypothesized role of internal motor simulations for action recognition. However, these models do not specify how visual information can be processed by cortical mechanisms in order to be compared with such motor representations. This raises the question how such visual processing might be accomplished, and in how far motor processing is critical in order to account for the visual properties of action-selective neurons.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We present a neural model for the visual processing of transient actions that is consistent with physiological data and that accomplishes...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5862/version/1

The folding fingerprint of visual cortex reveals the timing of human V1 and V2
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Justin Ales; Thom Carney; Stanley A. Klein.
Primate neocortex contains over 30 visual areas. Recent techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have successfully identified many of these areas in the human brain, but have been of limited value for revealing the temporal dynamics between adjacent visual areas, a critical component of understanding visual cognition. The voltages recorded at the scalp, electroencephalography (EEG), is a direct measure of neural activity that reflects the summed activity across all brain areas. Identifying the cortical sources that contribute to the EEG is a difficult problem. We developed an anatomically constrained dipole search method that solves the traditional problems by combining fMRI, EEG and many stimuli that activate small cortical regions....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/716/version/1

Fundamental Principles of Neural Organization of Cognition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Leonid I. Perlovsky.
The manuscript advances a hypothesis that there are few fundamental principles of neural organization of cognition, which explain several wide areas of the cognitive functioning. We summarize the fundamental principles, experimental, theoretical, and modeling evidence for these principles, relate them to hypothetical neural mechanisms, and made a number of predictions. We consider cognitive functioning including concepts, emotions, drives-instincts, learning, &amp;#x201c;higher&amp;#x201d; cognitive functions of language, interaction of language and cognition, role of emotions in this interaction, the beautiful, sublime, and music. Among mechanisms of behavior we concentrate on internal actions in the brain, learning and decision making. A number of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7098/version/1

A transgenic rat model for reducing adult neurogenesis.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jason S. Snyder; Laura Grigereit; Michelle Brewer; Jim Pickel; Heather A. Cameron.
The function of adult neurogenesis remains unclear. While many tools for manipulating neurogenesis have been developed for mice, there are fewer tools for rats. Radiological and chemical strategies have been used to inhibit adult neurogenesis in rats but these methods may also have undesired side effects. Since rats have a larger brain and can perform complex behaviors, it would be useful to have additional rat models for studying neurogenesis. To address this gap we therefore developed a transgenic GFAP-TK rat in which adult neurogenesis can be specifically inhibited. Preliminary results suggest that, as in mice, reduced adult neurogenesis leads to anhedonia.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6592/version/1

Phonology is Fundamental in Skilled Reading
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jane Ashby.
There is controversy about the importance of phonology in skilled reading. Event-related potential (ERP) evidence from the initial moments of visual word recognition indicates that processing sub-lexical phonology is fundamental to skilled reading. The early timecourse of this phonological activation explains the predictive power of phonological awareness for early reading development, affirms the importance of phonological processing in learning to read, and illuminates the persistent challenges of dyslexia.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2254/version/1

Steroidal anti inflammatory drug betamethasone significantly alters level of striatal dopamine in a rat model of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani; Hasan Mehrab; Amin Geravand; Nasir Mohajer; Mostafa Saffari.
Many scientific efforts have been well done to investigate the effects of anti inflammatory agents on the degenerative brain diseases such as Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s (PD) or Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease and their affiliated sings. Previously we showed the effectiveness of steroids on rigidity of PD and in the study for further mechanistic investigation of that observation the microdialysis technique was employed to determine the striatal dopamine changes in parkinsonian rats after administration of betamethasone (0.12, 0.24 mg/kg) respectively. Our findings showed us the significant increase in the striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission (P&amp;#x3c;0.05) after administration of betamethasone comparing to the controls. These observations suggest a new...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Immunology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2330/version/1

Attention induces dynamic changes in coherence between monkey area V1 and V4
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Iris Grothe; Simon D. Neitzel; Sunita Mandon; Andreas K. Kreiter.
Neurons receive a vast number of synaptic inputs at the same time. To successfully process a relevant piece of information, a neuron needs to select relevant, while suppressing irrelevant signals. In order to dynamically route a meaningful set of signals through processing pathways, neurons need to have a fast and flexible mechanism to change their effective connectivity. Here, we hypothesize that attention changes effective connectivity by modulating the synchrony between neuronal populations.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We investigated whether attention dynamically changes effective connectivity between area V4 neurons and their V1 input. Single unit activity, multi unit activity and local field potentials (LFP) were recorded simultaneously from macaque...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5884/version/1

Quantum stochasticity and neuronal computations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Jedlicka.
The nervous system probably cannot display macroscopic quantum (i.e. classically impossible) behaviours such as quantum entanglement, superposition or tunnelling (Koch and Hepp, Nature 440:611, 2006). However, in contrast to this quantum &amp;#x2018;mysticism&amp;#x2019; there is an alternative way in which quantum events might influence the brain activity. The nervous system is a nonlinear system with many feedback loops at every level of its structural hierarchy. A conventional wisdom is that in macroscopic objects the quantum fluctuations are self-averaging and thus not important. Nevertheless this intuition might be misleading in the case of nonlinear complex systems. Because of a high sensitivity to initial conditions, in chaotic systems the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3702/version/1

Small critical RNAs in the scrapie agent
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steve Simoneau; Marie-Madeleine Ruchoux; Nicolas Vignier; Pierre Lebon; Sophie Freire; Emmanuel Comoy; Jean-Philippe Deslys; Jean-Guy Fournier.
Unconventional infectious agents cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases including scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. The protein only hypothesis claims that the TSE agent is composed solely of the protein called prion (PrP^sc^)^1^. This protein is the misfolded form of a host-encoded cellular protein, PrP^c^ exerting presumably a vital role at the synapse^2^. Even though now widely accepted, the prion concept fails to provide in certain circumstances^3-6^, a satisfying interpretation of the infectious phenomenon. Using the 263K scrapie-hamster model, we conducted a transmission study to search for a putative prion-associated factor indispensable for infectivity. Here...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Microbiology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3344/version/1

Creating a Translational Medicine Ontology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christine Denney; Colin Batchelor; Olivier Bodenreider; Sam Cheng; John Hart; John Hill; John Madden; Mark Musen; Elgar Pichler; Matthias Samwald; Sa&amp;#x301;ndor Szalma; Lynn Schriml; David Sedlock; Larisa Soldatova; Koji Sonoda; David Statham; Holger Stenzhorn; Patricia L. Whetzel; Elizabeth Wu; Susie Stephens.
*Abstract*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We, participants in the Translational Medicine Ontology activity of the World Wide Web Consortium&amp;#x2019;s Health Care and Life Sciences Interest Group (&amp;#x22;http://esw.w3.org/topic/HCLSIG&amp;#x22;:http://esw.w3.org/topic/HCLSIG) and members of the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (&amp;#x22;http://bioontology.org/&amp;#x22;:http://bioontology.org/), are developing a high-level, patient-centric ontology for translational medicine which will draw on existing domain ontologies and allow the integration of data throughout the drug development process.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Introduction*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The pharmaceutical industry has historically focused on the development of novel blockbuster drugs....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3686/version/1

A Drosophila systems model of withdrawal from chronic pentylenetetrazole relevant in post-epileptogenesis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Priyanka Singh; Farhan Mohammad; Abhay Sharma.
Rodent kindling induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is an established model of epileptogenesis and antiepileptic drug (AED) testing. Recently, a Drosophila systems model has been described in which chronic PTZ causes a decreased climbing speed in adult males on 7th day. Some AEDs ameliorate development of this locomotor deficit. Time-series of microarray expression profiles of heads of flies treated with PTZ has been found to resemble transcriptomic alterations associated with epileptogenesis. In the fly model, withdrawal from seven day long PTZ treatment causes an increased climbing speed on 7th consequent day. Here, we present a systems model of the post-PTZ withdrawal regime. Unlike AED-untreated individuals, flies treated with any of the five AEDs...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3447/version/1

Koffka&amp;#x27;s Ring Effect Depends on Thickness, Not Continuity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Abigail E. Huang; Alice J. Hon; Eric L. Altschuler.
More than 70 years ago Gestalt psychologist Kurt Koffka described a fascinating effect1,2: When a contiguous grey ring is placed on a background half of one shade of grey (different from the ring) and half of another shade of grey, the ring appears to be a homogenous. However, if the ring is slightly divided, now the two halves of the ring appear different shades of grey with the half of the ring on the darker background appearing lighter than the half of the ring on the darker background. The Gestalt principle of continuity in visual perception is invoked to explain this effect. Here we show that in fact when the ring is made thinner it appears heterogeneous even when contiguous. Furthermore, when viewing a thick ring after first viewing a thin ring, the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1433/version/1

Docking studies to explore novel inhibitors against human beta-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) involved in Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: S Anjum Mobeen; Manne  Munikumar; Amineni Umamaheswari.
Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease (AD) is one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in elder persons over 65 age. It is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration together with declining activities. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaves at A-beta (A&amp;#x3b2;) peptide by rate limiting factor of Beta-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) in amyloidogenic pathway. Elevated level of BACE-1 leads to the accumulation of an insoluble form of A&amp;#x3b2; peptides (Senile Plaques), an important hallmark in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Five published inhibitors of BACE-1, thiazolidinediones, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, Sc7 and tartaric acid are available with poor pharmacological properties and intolerable side effects....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6964/version/1

Successive Induction in Larval Zebrafish
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Staddon; Robert Macphail; Stephanie Padilla.
Activating one reflex often facilitates another, antagonistic one. Since Charles Sherrington first identified successive induction more than 100 years ago, it has been demonstrated in a wide range of species, from aphids to grasshoppers to dogs and humans. We show a particularly orderly example in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and identify the simple dynamic process that seems to underlie it.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3659/version/1

The use of DCEEG to estimate functional and metabolic state of nervous tissue of the brain at hyper- and hypoventilation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sergey Murik.
A pilot study has been made of the simultaneous DC potential and total slow electrical activity changes during modeling various metabolic and  functional states of the human brain. The multi-electrode DCEEG recordings have been performed during the hyperventilation (frequent deep one-minute long breathing motions) and  the hypoventilation (voluntary breath holding). It has been shown that the ischemic state occurring in hyperventilation is accompanied by the negative shift of DC potential and increase in the  EEG rhythms amplitude. A distention of brain vessels during hypoventilation (voluntary breath-hold) and an improvement of blood supply and thus improvement of vital and functional state of neurons gave rise to an increase in the EEG rhythm amplitude...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6638/version/1

Consciousness as Recursive, Spatiotemporal Self-Location
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frederic Peters.
At the phenomenal level, consciousness can be described as a singular, unified field of recursive self-awareness, consistently coherent in a particular way; that of a subject located both spatially and temporally in an egocentrically-extended domain, such that conscious self-awareness is explicitly characterized by I-ness, now-ness and here-ness. The psychological mechanism underwriting this spatiotemporal self-locatedness and its recursive processing style involves an evolutionary elaboration of the  basic orientative reference frame which consistently structures ongoing spatiotemporal self-location computations as i-here-now. Cognition computes action-output in the midst of ongoing movement, and consequently requires a constant self-locating...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2444/version/1

Treatment of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s Disease with Anti-Homocysteic acid Antibody
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tohru Hasegawa; Nobuyuki Mikoda; Masashi Kitazawa; Frank M. LaFerla.
Homocysteic acid (HA) may play an important role in Alzhiemer disease (AD) as we previously reported that HA induced accumulation of intraneuronal A[beta]42. In this study, we first analyzed HA levels in a mouse model of AD. 4-month old pre-pathologic 3xTg-AD mice exhibited higher levels of HA in the hippocampus as compared to age-matched nontransgenic, suggesting that HA accumulation may precede both A[beta] and tau pathologies. To further determine the pathogenic role of HA in AD, we treated young 3xTg-AD mice with vitamin B6-deficient food for 3 weeks to induce the production of HA in the brain. Concominantly, mice received either saline or anti-HA antibody intraventricularly using a guide cannula every 3 days. Mice received anti-HA antibody...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2301/version/1

Reciprocal homeostatic reactions to chronic excitatory synaptic receptor inactivation in developing cerebral cortex networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael A. Corner.
Chronic blockade of actively excitatory glutamatergic synaptic receptors in co-cultured organotypic rodent neocortex explants leads to a compensatory up-regulation of otherwise inactive input channels so as to maintain almost normal levels of ongoing bursts of action potentials. We report here that this homeostatic return of spontaneous (now kainate receptor driven) firing is accompanied by a reciprocal down-regulation of blocked AMPA and NMDA receptors, such that the developing cortical network is protected against becoming hyperactive when those synaptic inputs are again able to transmit normally.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1260/version/1

Behavioral origins of metabolic syndrome disorders
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Milind Watve; Maithili Jog; Prajakta Belsare.
The metabolic syndrome disorders (MSD) including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are known to be triggered by lifestyle change. We state and support a hypothesis here that changes in behavior rather than changes in diet and metabolism are central to MSD. We provide and discuss evidence in support of the following sequence of arguments. (i) Diet, thriftiness and obesity centered paradigm is inadequate to explain most of the physiological and immunological changes associated with metabolic syndrome disorders (MSD).  (ii) Comparative studies show that relative obesity rather than absolute obesity is strongly associated with various parameters of MSD and further perception of calories without...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4833/version/1

The Baseline for Response Latency Distributions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ferm&amp;#xed;n Moscoso del Prado Mart&amp;#xed;n.
Response latency - the time taken to initiate or complete an action or task - is one of the principal measures used to investigate the mechanisms subserving human and animal cognitive processes. The right tails of response latency distributions have received little attention in experimental psychology. This is because such very long latencies have traditionally been considered irrelevant for psychological processes, instead, they are expected to reflect &amp;#x27;contingent&amp;#x27; neural events unrelated to the experimental question. Most current theories predict the right tail of response latency distributions to decrease exponentially. In consequence, current standard practice recommends discarding very long response latencies as...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3622/version/1

A Thoracic Mechanism of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Due to Blast Pressure Waves
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Amy Courtney; Michael Courtney.
The mechanisms by which blast pressure waves cause mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are an open question. Possibilities include acceleration of the head, direct passage of the blast wave via the cranium, and propagation of the blast wave to the brain via a thoracic mechanism.  The hypothesis that the blast pressure wave reaches the brain via a thoracic mechanism is considered in light of ballistic and blast pressure wave research.  Ballistic pressure waves, caused by penetrating ballistic projectiles or ballistic impacts to body armor, can only reach the brain via an internal mechanism and have been shown to cause cerebral effects. Similar effects have been documented when a blast pressure wave has been applied to the whole body or focused on...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2169/version/1

Standard operating procedures (SOP) in experimental stroke research: SOP for middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ulrich Dirnagl; Members of the MCAO-SOP Group.
Recently, systematic reviews have found quantitative evidence that low study quality may have introduced a bias into preclinical stroke research. Monitoring, auditing, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) are already key elements of quality control in randomized clinical trials and will hopefully be widely adopted by preclinical stroke research in the near future. Increasingly, funding bodies and review boards overseeing animal experiments are taking a proactive stance, and demand auditable quality control measures in preclinical research. Every good quality control system is based on its SOPs. This article introduces the concept of quality control and presents for the first time an SOP in experimental stroke research.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3492/version/1

MUSIC - Multisimulation Coordinator: Request For Comments
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: &amp;#xd6;rjan Ekeberg; Mikael Djurfeldt.
MUSIC is an API allowing large scale neuron simulators using MPI internally to exchange data during runtime. MUSIC provides mechanisms to transfer massive amounts of event information and continuous values from one parallel application to another. Special care has been taken to ensure that existing simulators can be adapted to MUSIC. In particular, MUSIC handles data transfer between applications that use different time steps and different data allocation strategies. This RFC - Request For Comments - document invites comments on the proposed design and prototype specifications. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1830/version/1

Control over stress induces plasticity of individual prefrontal cortical neurons: A conductance-based neural simulation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Juan  A. Varela; Jungang  Wang; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald  C. Cooper.
Behavioral control over stressful stimuli induces resilience to future conditions when control is lacking. The medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) is a critically important brain region required for plasticity of stress resilience. We found that control over stress induces plasticity of the intrinsic voltage-gated conductances of pyramidal neurons in the PFC. To gain insight into the underlying biophysical mechanisms of this plasticity we used the conductance- based neural simulation software tool, NEURON, to model the increase in membrane excitability associated with resilience to stress. A ball and stick multicompartment conductance-based model was used to realistically fit passive and active data traces from prototypical pyramidal neurons in neurons in rats...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6267/version/1

Large-scale imaging of brain network activity from &amp;#x3e;10,000 neocortical cells
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shigehiro Namiki; Norio Matsuki; Yuji  Ikegaya.
Large-scale recording from populations of neurons is a promising strategy in the study of complex brain function. Here we introduce a simple optical technique that simultaneously probes the calcium activity of ~10,000 cells at the single cell resolution _in vitro_. We employed a combination of a low-magnification objective lens and an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device megapixel camera to achieve large-view-field and high-resolution imaging.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2893/version/1

The hypothalamic genesis of obesity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Oscar Belluscio.
The theories on obesity genesis shifted during the past years from the simple conception of &amp;#x22;just overeating&amp;#x22; to data supporting the diencephalic origin of the disease. Summarized findings on this issue are displayed.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7031/version/1

The neural bases of distracter-resistant working memory
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tor Wager; Rachel Insler; Edward Smith.
A major difference between humans and other animals is our capacity to maintain information in working memory (WM) while performing secondary tasks, which enables sustained, complex cognition. A common assumption is that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for WM performance in the presence of distracters, but direct evidence is scarce. We assessed the relationship between fMRI activity and WM performance within-subjects, with performance matched across Distracter and No-distracter conditions. Activity in ventrolateral PFC during WM encoding and maintenance positively predicted performance in both conditions, whereas activity in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) predicted performance only under distraction. Other parts of dorsolateral...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5526/version/1

Seasonal patterns of presentation in primary malignant brain tumors and metastases based on a retrospective neuropathologic database
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sepehr Ehsani; Sidney E. Croul; Keith Knight; Tim-Rasmus Kiehl.
Seasonal variation in the occurrence of several classes of cancer has been observed in the past. However, evidence for such trends in adult central nervous system tumors is scant. We have analyzed the monthly occurrence rates of glioblastomas as well as carcinomas metastatic to the brain in 6,154 neurosurgical patients in Toronto selected from the University Health Network neuropathologic database over a seven-year period (July 2001 to June 2008). The electronic repository was representative of the patient population in southern Ontario, and the case accession dates in the database reflected the onset patterns of the selected tumor groups. A modification to Nam&amp;#x27;s alternative method to the Roger test was developed to statistically quantify the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Neuroscience; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2969/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant proteins, plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/8

Prolonged maturation of prefrontal white matter in chimpanzees
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomoko  Sakai; Daichi Hirai; Akichika Mikami; Juri  Suzuki; Yuzuru  Hamada; Masaki Tomonaga; Masayuki Tanaka; Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki; Haruyuki Makishima; Masato Nakatsukasa; Tetsuro Matsuzawa.
Delayed maturation in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region associated with complex cognitive processing, has been proposed to be specific to humans. However, we found, using a longitudinal design, that prefrontal white matter volume in chimpanzees increased gradually with age, and the increase appears to continue beyond the onset of puberty, as in humans. This provides the first evidence for a prolonged period of prefrontal connection elaboration in great apes.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4411/version/1

Successful use of axonal transport for drug delivery by synthetic molecular vehicles
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler; Garth Whiteside; Mark Bacon; Martyn Frederickson; Franklyn A. Howe; Miri K. Rabinowitz; Alan J. Sokoloff; Terrence Deacon; Chris Abell; Raj Munglani; John R. Griffiths; B. Anthony Bell; Andrew Lever.
We report the use of axonal transport to achieve intraneural drug delivery. We constructed a novel tripartite complex of an axonal transport facilitator conjugated to a linker molecule bearing up to a hundred reversibly attached drug molecules. The complex efficiently enters nerve terminals after intramuscular or intradermal administration and travels within axonal processes to neuron cell bodies. The tripartite agent provided 100-fold amplification of saturable neural uptake events, delivering multiple drug molecules per complex. _In vivo_, analgesic drug delivery to systemic and to non-targeted neural tissues was greatly reduced compared to existing routes of administration, thus exemplifying the possibility of specific nerve root targeting and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2164/version/1

Generating descriptive text from functional brain images
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francisco Pereira; Greg Detre; Matthew Botvinick.
Recent work has shown that it is possible to take brain images of a subject acquired while they saw a scene and reconstruct an approximation of that scene from the images. Here we show that it is also possible to generate _text_ from brain images. We began with images collected as participants read names of objects (e.g., ``Apartment&amp;#x27;). Without accessing information about the object viewed for an individual image, we were able to generate from it a collection of semantically pertinent words (e.g., &amp;#x22;door,&amp;#x22; &amp;#x22;window&amp;#x22;). Across images, the sets of words generated overlapped consistently with those contained in articles about the relevant concepts from the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. The technique described, if...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5666/version/1

Neural Coding of Green Flash in Retinal Bipolar Pathways
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Caiping Hu.
What visual information do the graded potentials among retinal bipolar pathways actually transmit from photoreceptors to ganglion cells? The answer does not exist. Even the graded electric signals have not been understood completely. Here, this paper tries to analyze the encoding mechanisms of graded signals among the parallel bipolar pathways in response to brief green flash. The typical ON, OFF and ON-OFF bipolar cells simultaneously abstracted vectors from green flash stimulus with sine-like functions on their dendritic plane. Atypical bipolar cell had the synchronously monopolar response in contrast to the bipolar responses of typical bipolar cells, they also annotated green flash with facilitated stochastic (asynchronous and rate-coded) responses....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6786/version/1

Spindle oscillations are generated in the dorsal thalamus and modulated by the thalamic reticular nucleus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chun-Hua Liu; Yi Ping Guo; Xian-Kai Meng; Yan-Qin Yu; Ying Xiong; Li-Xia Gao; Ying-Shing Chan; Jufang He.
Spindle waves occur during the early stage of slow wave sleep and are thought to arise in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), causing inhibitory postsynaptic potential spindle-like oscillations in the dorsal thalamus that are propagated to the cortex. We have found that thalamocortical neurons exhibit membrane oscillations that have spindle frequencies, consist of excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and co-occur with electroencephalographic spindles. TRN lesioning prolonged oscillations in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex (AC). Injection of GABA~A~ antagonist into the MGB decreased oscillation frequency, while injection of GABA~B~ antagonist increased spindle oscillations in the MGB and cortex. Thus, spindles originate in the dorsal...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2313/version/1

Schizophrenia is a TH2 dominant autoimmune disease possibly against acetylcholine receptors of CNS
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wanchung(Wan-Jiung) Hu.
Schizophrenia is a very common psychiatric disorder. However, its etiology and pathogenesis is still unknown. Current theory saying that neurotransmitter imbalance such as serotonin or dopamine only provides limited effectiveness in schizophrenia treatment by drugs changing serotonin and dopamine concentration. Despite of such treatment, majority of schizophrenia patients still have very poor prognosis. Thus, the neurotransmitter imbalance theory is not correct. Here, I propose that schizophrenia is actually a TH2 dominant autoimmune disorder. The candidate of autoantigen could be acetylcholine receptors of CNS. My theory can explain the positive as well as negative symptoms of schizophrenia. By microarray analysis of PBMCS, one-tenth of the total 519...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6978/version/1

Dissecting the mechanisms of learning-by-doing in Drosophila
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bj&amp;#xf6;rn Brembs; Wolfgang Plendl.
At the heart of learning-by-doing lies a well-known psychological phenomenon: information will be remembered better if it is actively generated rather than passively read or heard. First described in humans, this generation effect can also be observed in various animal models. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the generation effect are unknown. Here we show that two reciprocal interactions between its active and passive components contribute to the generation effect in flies. One interaction consists of the active (skill-learning) component facilitating the passive (fact-learning) component. Fact-learning, on the other hand, inhibits skill-learning. Experiments with adenylyl cyclase I deficient _rutabaga_ mutant flies revealed that the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1354/version/1

MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Origin, History and Impact
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
*Objective:* Methods were invented that made it possible to image peripheral nerves in the body and to image neural tracts in the brain. Over a 15 year period, these techniques &amp;#x2013; MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging &amp;#x2013; were then deployed in the clinical and research community and applied to about 50,000 patients. Within this group, about 5,000 patients having MR Neurography were carefully tracked on a prospective basis.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Method:* In the study group a uniform imaging methodology was applied and all images were reviewed and registered by referral source, clinical indication, efficacy of imaging and quality. Various classes of image findings were identified and subjected to a variety of small...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1932/version/2

An apparent medieval stereogram incorporating a symbol for optical illusion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John L. Cisne.
Stereograms mark a threshold in understanding visual perception. Modern study of stereopsis began with Wheatstone&amp;#x27;s invention of the stereogram and stereoscope (~ 1832), important tools in vision research and technical imagery ever since. Stereoscopic images formed with frieze and wallpaper patterns in illuminated Insular manuscripts such as the Book of Durrow (~ 680 CE), Lindisfarne Gospels (~ 700-720), and Book of Kells (~ 800) show that, long before spectacle-quality magnifying lenses (~ 1286), illuminators somehow copied multicolored, microscopically detailed designs _freehand_ with an accuracy unsurpassed in scientific instruments until the Renaissance (but well within the power of normally sighted humans&amp;#x27; stereoscopic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3994/version/1

The Genetic Signature of Perineuronal Oligodendrocytes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sara Szuchet; Joseph A. Nielsen; Gabor Lovas; Javier Martinez de Velasco; Dragan Maric; Lynn D. Hudson.
Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system can be categorized as precursors, myelin-forming, and non-myelinating perineuronal cells. The function of perineuronal oligodendrocytes is unknown; it was proposed that following injury, they may remyelinate denuded axons. We investigated these cells&amp;#x27; potential. A combination of cell-specific tags, microarray technology and bioinformatics tools to identify gene expression differences between these subpopulations allowed us to capture the genetic signature of perineuronal oligodendrocytes. Here we report that perineuronal oligodendrocytes are configured for a dual role. As cells that embrace neuronal somata, they integrate a repertoire of transcripts designed to create their own code for communicating...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1821/version/1

Sensory Contact Model: Protocol, Control, Applications
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: N.N. Kudryavtseva.
Among the models that become more and more popular in behavioral neuroscience are biosocial models, which allow studying the consequences of chronic social conflicts and social stress in animals. The sensory contact model appears to represent one of such models. Repeated experience of aggression or social defeats in daily agonistic interactions in male mice of different strains leads to the formation of opposing kinds of social behavior: one attributable to winners (aggressors) and another attributable to losers (defeated males, victims of aggression). A large variety of behavioral pathologies which develop in male mice in these conditions (anxious depression, catalepsy, social withdrawal, pronounced aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity, cognitive...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3299/version/1

A novel _Drosophila_ post-genomic CNS drug discovery model detects tetraethylammonium chloride with therapeutic potential
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Priyanka Singh; Farhan Mohammad*; Abhay Sharma.
A _Drosophila_ behavioral and transcriptomic model of locomotor plasticity induced by chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) has recently been developed. In this model, two of the five antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) tested, sodium valproate (NaVP) and levetiracetam (LEV), not ethosuximide (ETH), gabapentin (GBP) and vigabatrin (VGB), ameliorate development of chronic PTZ induced locomotor alteration. Transcriptomic effect of the AEDs and PTZ in fly head has been described. Here, we analyze microarray expression profile of heads of flies treated with the convulsants tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and pilocarpine hydrochloride (PILO). Strikingly, microarray clustering placed TEA, not PILO, with LEV and NaVP in one group that was distinct from the other one...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3418/version/1

Memristance can explain Spike-Time-Dependent-Plasticity in Neural Synapses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernab&amp;#xe9; Linares-Barranco; Teresa Serrano-Gotarredona.
Interdisciplinary research broadens the view of particular problems yielding fresh and possibly unexpected insights. This is the case of neuromorphic engineering where technology and neuroscience cross-fertilize each other. For example, consider on one side the recently discovered memristor, postulated in 1974, thanks to research in nanotechnology electronics. On the other side, consider the mechanism known as Spike-Time-Dependent-Plasticity (STDP) which describes a neuronal synaptic learning mechanism that outperforms the traditional Hebbian synaptic plasticity proposed in 1949. STDP was originally postulated as a computer learning algorithm, and is being used by the machine intelligence and computational neuroscience community. At the same time its...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3010/version/1

Role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in mammalian spinal cord.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Arsen S. Hunanyan; Guillermo Garcia-Alias; Joel M. Levine; James W. Fawcett; Lorne M. Mendell; Victor L. Arvanian.
Chronic unilateral hemisection (HX) of the adult rat spinal cord diminishes conduction through intact fibers in the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) contralateral to HX. Intraspinal injections of Chondroitinase-ABC, known to digest chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the vicinity of injury, prevented this decline of axonal conduction. This was associated with improved locomotor function. We further injected three purified CSPGs into the lateral column of the uninjured cord at T10: NG2 and neurocan, which increase in the vicinity of a spinal injury, and aggrecan, which decreases. Intraspinal injection of NG2 acutely depressed axonal conduction through the injection region in a dose dependent manner. Similar injections of saline, aggrecan, or neurocan...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3681/version/1

Posterior parietal cortex controls spatial attention through modulation of anticipatory alpha rhythms
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Paolo Capotosto; Claudio Babiloni; Gian Luca Romani; Maurizio Corbetta.
A dorsal fronto-parietal network, including regions in intra-parietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye field (FEF), has been hypothesized to control the allocation of spatial attention to environmental stimuli. One putative mechanism of control is the de-synchronization of electroencephalography (EEG) alpha rhythms (~8-12 Hz) in parieto-occipital cortex in anticipation of a visual target. We show that brief interference by transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with preparatory activity in right IPS or right FEF while subjects attend to a spatial location impairs identification of target stimuli ~2 seconds later. Moreover, the visual deficit relates to the disruption of anticipatory (pre-stimulus) alpha desynchronization and its topography in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1563/version/1

A call for disruptive innovation in science publishing with a new open data-sharing platform for the life sciences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donald  C. Cooper.
&amp;#x201c;A disruptive innovation is an innovation that helps create a new market and value network, and eventually goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network (over a few years or decades), displacing an earlier technology. The term is used in business and technology literature to describe innovations that improve a product or service in ways that the market does not expect.&amp;#x201d; -Wikipedia&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;On April 3rd, 2012 Nature Precedings, Nature Publishing Group&amp;#x2019;s experiment in free pre-print publishing was shut down and no longer accepts submissions. According to the Nature Precedings website it was created in 2007 as &amp;#x201c;a place for researchers to share documents, including presentations, posters, white...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7151/version/1

Depolarization increases cellular light transmission
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Minoru Tomita; Norihiro  Suzuki; Yutaka Tomita; Haruki Toriumi; Takashi Osada; Miyuki Unekawa; Jemal Tatarishvili.
Application of optical methods to human brain tissue in vivo, e.g., measuring oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), requires the a priori assumption that background optical properties remain unchanged during measurements1,2. However, fundamental knowledge about light scattering by brain cells per se remains sparse; many factors influence light transmission changes through living brain tissue, bringing into question what is being measured. We have observed slow wave-ring spreads of light transmission changes on the rat cerebral cortex during potassium-induced cortical spreading depression (CSD) and ascribed them to squeezing-out of blood from capillaries by swollen brain cells3,4. However, in rat...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2001/version/1

1st INCF Workshop on Genetic Animal Models for Brain Diseases
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Olaf Riess; Holm Graessner.
The INCF Secretariat organized a workshop to focus on the &amp;#x201c;role of neuroinformatics in the processes of building, evaluating, and using genetic animal models for brain diseases&amp;#x201d; in Stockholm, December 13&amp;#x2013;14, 2009. Eight scientists specialized in the fields of neuroinformatics, database, ontologies, and brain disease participated together with two representatives of the National Institutes of Health and the European Union, as well as three observers of the national INCF nodes of Norway, Poland, and the United Kingdom.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5909/version/1

Dynamic Topology of Biological Networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ravi Iyengar.
The mammalian cell can be represented as a large modular network that consists of a central signal network that interacts with and regulates multiple cellular machines that are responsible for phenotypic behavior.  We have used graph-theory approaches to analyze signal flow through a network representing the hippocampal neuron and find that signal-induced connectivity results in the formation of many regulatory motifs. Information flow through the central signaling network is initiated by extra-cellular signals such as hormones binding to their receptors. The flow of information through the signaling network results in the appearance of regulatory motifs such as feedback loops, feedforward and bifan motifs. Within the large cellular networks, these...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/24/version/1

Progression of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francisco J. Pan-Montojo; Oleg Anichtchik; Yanina Dening; Lilla  Knells; Stefan Pursche; Roland  Jung; Sandra  Jackson; Gabrielle Gille; Maria Grazia Spillantini; Heinz  Reichmann; Richard H. W. Funk.
In Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease patients pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord and the substantia nigra, providing the basis for the neuropathological staging of the disease. Here we report that intragastrically administered rotenone, a commonly used pesticide that inhibits mitochondrial Complex I, is able to reproduce PD pathological staging as found in patients. Our results show that low doses of chronically and intragastrically administered rotenone induce PD pathology in all the above-mentioned nervous system structures in wild-type mice. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed no rotenone levels in the systemic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3352/version/3

Molecular implications of prolonged aggression experience: Th, Dat1, Snca and Bdnf gene expression in the ventral tegmental area of the victorious male mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Natalia P. Bondar; Ul&amp;#x27;yana A.  Boyarskikh; Irina L. Kovalenko; Maxim L. Filipenko; Natalia  N. Kudryavtseva.
Th, Dat1, Snca and Bdnf were the genes whose mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain were measured in male mice that were victorious in 20 daily agonistic interactions and in a group of such victorious mice that had later not been allowed to fight for 14 days. This experiment demonstrated increased Th, Dat1 and Snca but not Bdnf mRNA levels in the former group as compared to the controls. In the latter group, the expression of the Th and Dat1 genes was still enhanced, while the level of Snca mRNA did not differ from that in the controls. These findings suggest that positive fighting experience enhances the expression of the genes concerned with dopaminergic systems and this enhanced expression is preserved for a long time afterwards....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2042/version/1

Inositol-Related Gene Knockouts Mimic Lithium&amp;#x27;s Effect on Mitochondrial Function
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Galila Agam; RH Belmaker; Dieder  Moechars; Vered Chalifa-Caspi; Yuly Bersudsky; Inbar Plaschkes; Lilach Toker; Gerard Berry.
Bipolar-disorder, characterized by switches between depressive and manic mood, is treated by mood-stabilizers, lithium being one of them. Among hypotheses suggested, the inositol-depletion hypothesis proposes that lithium attenuates hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol signaling linked to neurotransmission-related receptors.Available for us are knockout-mice of two genes (IMPA1 or Slc5a3) each encoding for a protein related to inositol metabolism. We previously characterized these mice as exhibiting lithium-like neurochemical and behavioral phenotype. We performed a DNA-microarray study searching for pathways commonly affected by chronic lithium treatment and by the knockout of each of the genes. Here we show up-regulation of mitochondrial function in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6318/version/1

Hemodynamic and electrophysiological evidence of resting-state network activity in the primate
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Ardestani; Wei Shen; Felix Darvas; Arthur Toga; Joaquin Fuster.
An expanding body of literature describes the existence of concerted brain activations in the absence of any external stimuli.  Resting-state networks have been identified and demonstrated to be modulated during the performance of specific cognitive operations.  However, despite mounting evidence the possibility still remains that those correlated signal fluctuations reflect non-neural phenomena.  In order to isolate functionally relevant spontaneous coactivations, we utilized a multi-level sampling approach to obtain co-registered brain signals across a range of sampling resolution and sensitivity.  Surface and local field potentials, hemodynamic signals (near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS), and cell spiking were recorded from dorsolateral prefrontal and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2562/version/1

Computational Prediction and Analysis of the NAPP - DR6 Interaction: Implications for Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s Research
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Josheph Audie; Sergei Ponomarev.
Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves a devastating clinical course and lacks an effective treatment. A biochemical model for neuronal development that might have implications for AD, recently proposed by Nikolaev and co-workers, hinges on a novel protein-protein interaction between the death cell receptor six (DR6) ectodomain and an N-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein (NAPP). The model provides a coherent and satisfying framework for better understanding AD pathophysiology. Moreover, the DR6-NAPP interaction offers a tempting target for novel pharmacological intervention. Given all of this, we constructed a structural model of the DR6-NAPP interaction using the neurotrophin p75 receptor as...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4545/version/1

Mind over chatter: plastic up-regulation of the fMRI alertness network by EEG neurofeedback
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomas Ros; Jean Theberge; Paul A. Frewen; Rosemarie  Kluetsch; Maria Densmore; Vince D. Calhoun; Ruth A. Lanius.
EEG neurofeedback (NFB) is a brain-computer interface (BCI) approach used to shape brain oscillations by means of real-time feedback from the electroencephalogram (EEG), which is known to reflect neural activity across cortical networks. Although NFB is being evaluated as a novel tool for treating brain disorders, evidence is scarce on the mechanism of its impact on brain function. In this study with 34 healthy participants, we examined whether, during the performance of an attentional auditory oddball task, the functional connectivity strength of distinct fMRI networks would be plastically altered after a 30-min NFB session of alpha-band reduction (n=17) versus a sham-feedback condition (n=17). Our results reveal that compared to sham, NFB induced a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7060/version/1

Dynamical Mean Field approximation of a canonical cortical model for studying inter-population synchrony
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ram&amp;#xf3;n  Mart&amp;#xed;nez-Cancino; Roberto Carlos Sotero Diaz.
The goal of this paper is twofold.  We propose and explore a model to study the synchronization among populations in the canonical model of the neocortex proposed previously by (R.J. Douglas, K.A.C. Martin, A functional microcircuit for cat visual cortex. J.Physiol. 440(1991) 735&amp;#x2013;769). For this, a model describing N synapses of each m-population (m = 1, 2,3) is proposed. Each synapse is described by a system of 2 stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Then, by using the dynamical mean field approximation (DMA) (H. Hasegawa, Dynamical mean-field theory of spiking neuron ensembles: Response to a single spike with independent noises, Phys. Rev. E. (2003)1-19.) the system of several SDEs is reduced to 12 ordinary differential equations for the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5583/version/1

An artificial spiking synapse made of molecules and nanoparticles
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fabien Alibart; Stephane Pleutin; David Guerin; Christian Gamrat; Dominique Vuillaume.
Molecule-based devices are envisioned to complement silicon devices by providing new functions or already existing functions at a simpler process level and at a lower cost by virtue of their self-organization capabilities, moreover, they are not bound to von Neuman architecture and this may open the way to other architectural paradigms. Here we demonstrate a device made of conjugated molecules and metal nanoparticles (NPs) which behaves as a spiking synapse suitable for integration in neural network architectures. We demonstrate that this device exhibits the main behavior of a biological synapse. These results open the way to rate coding utilization of the NOMFET in perceptron and Hopfield networks. We can also envision the NOMFET as a building block of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3031/version/1

The Olfactory Nervous System Of Terrestrial And Aquatic Vertebrates
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ashiq Hussain.
Animals in their natural milieu are surrounded by odors. These odors are rich source of information, and are perceived by sophisticated olfactory systems, that have evolved over time. The sense of smell helps species to localize prey, evade predators, explore food and recognize viable mates. In humans, memoirs, thoughts, emotions, and associations are more readily reached through the sense of smell than through any other channel. This suggests that olfactory processing is imperative and may differ fundamentally from processing in other sensory modalities. The molecular age in olfaction initiated in 1991 with the significant discovery of a large, multigene family of olfactory receptors in rat by Linda Buck and Richard Axel (Buck and Axel, 1991). The first...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6642/version/1

The biological cost of consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernard J. Baars.
Some philosophers maintain that consciousness as subjective experience has no biological function. However, conscious brain events seem very different from unconscious ones. The cortex and thalamus support the reportable qualitative contents of consciousness. Subcortical structures like the cerebellum do not. Likewise, attended sensory stimuli are typically reportable as conscious, while memories of those stimuli are not so reportable until they are specifically recalled.  &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Reports of conscious experiences in normal humans always involve subjectivity and an implicit observing ego. Unconscious brain events are not reportable, even under optimal conditions of report. While there are claimed exceptions to these points, they...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6775/version/1

1st INCF Workshop on Needs for Training in Neuroinformatics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Willshaw.
The INCF workshop on Needs for Training in Neuroinformatics was organized by the INCF National Node of the UK. The scope of the workshop was to provide as overview of the current state of neuroinformatics training and recommendations for future provision of training. The report presents a summary of the workshop discussions and recommendations to the INCF.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2563/version/1

Predictive context biases perceptual selection during binocular rivalry
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rachel N. Denison; Michael A. Silver.
Prediction may be a fundamental principle of sensory processing, such that the brain continuously generates predictions about forthcoming sensory information. However, little is known about how prediction contributes to the selection of a conscious percept from among competing alternatives. Here, we used binocular rivalry to investigate the effects of prediction on perceptual selection. In binocular rivalry, incompatible images presented to the two eyes result in a perceptual alternation between the images, even though the visual stimuli remain constant. If predictive signals influence the competition between neural representations of rivalrous images, this influence should generate a bias in perceptual selection that depends on predictive context. To...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5816/version/1

Progression of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francisco J. Pan-Montojo; Oleg Anichtchik; Yanina Dening; Lilla  Knells; Stefan Pursche; Roland  Jung; Gabriele Gille; Maria Grazia Spillantini; Heinz Reichmann; Richard H. W. Funk.
In Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease patients pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord and the substantia nigra, providing the basis for the neuropathological staging of the disease. Here we report that intragastrically administered rotenone, a commonly used pesticide that inhibits mitochondrial Complex I, is able to reproduce PD pathological staging as found in patients. Our results show that low doses of chronically and intragastrically administered rotenone induce PD pathology in all the above-mentioned nervous system structures in wild-type mice. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed no rotenone levels in the systemic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3352/version/1

Human metabolic adaptations and prolonged expensive neurodevelopment: A review
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John R. Skoyles.
1.&amp;#x9;After weaning, human hunter-gatherer juveniles receive substantial (&amp;#x2248;3.5-7 MJ day^-1^), extended (&amp;#x2248;15 years) and reliable (kin and nonkin food pooling) energy provision.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;2.&amp;#x9;The childhood (pediatric) and the adult human brain takes a very high share of both basal metabolic rate (BMR) (child: 50-70%; adult: &amp;#x2248;20%) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (child: 30-50%; adult: &amp;#x2248;10%).&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;3.&amp;#x9;The pediatric brain for an extended period (&amp;#x2248;4-9 years-of-age) consumes roughly 50% more energy than the adult one, and after this, continues during adolescence, at a high but declining rate. Within the brain, childhood cerebral gray matter has an even higher 1.9 to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1856/version/1

Consciousness as Recursive, Spatiotemporal Self-Location
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frederic Peters.
At the phenomenal level, consciousness can be described as a singular, unified field of recursive self-awareness, consistently coherent in a particular way; that of a subject located both spatially and temporally in an egocentrically-extended domain, such that conscious self-awareness is explicitly characterized by I-ness, now-ness and here-ness. The psychological mechanism underwriting this spatiotemporal self-locatedness and its recursive processing style involves an evolutionary elaboration of the  basic orientative reference frame which consistently structures ongoing spatiotemporal self-location computations as i-here-now. Cognition computes action-output in the midst of ongoing movement, and consequently requires a constant self-locating...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2444/version/2

Reducing the Probability of False Positive Research Findings by Pre-Publication Validation - Experience with a Large Multiple Sclerosis Database
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Martin M. Daumer; Ulrike U. Held; Katja K. Ickstadt; Moritz M. Heinz; Siegfried S. Schach; George G. Ebers.
*Objective*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We have assessed the utility of a pre-publication validation policy in reducing the probability of publishing false positive research findings. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Study design and setting*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The large database of the Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research was split in two parts: one for hypothesis generation and a validation part for confirmation of selected results. We present case studies from 5 finalized projects that have used the validation policy and results from a simulation study.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Results*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In one project, the &amp;#x22;relapse and disability&amp;#x22; project as described in section II (example 3), findings could not be confirmed in the validation part of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/433/version/1

Failure of Abeta(1-40) amyloid fibrils under tensile loading
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Raffaella Paparcone; Markus J. Buehler.
Amyloid fibrils and plaques are detected in the brain tissue of patients affected by Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease, but have also been found as part of normal physiological processes such as bacterial adhesion. Due to their highly organized structures, amyloid proteins have also been used for the development of novel nanomaterials, for a variety of applications including biomaterials for tissue engineering, nanolectronics, or optical devices. Past research on amyloid fibrils resulted in advances in identifying their mechanical properties, revealing a remarkable stiffness. However, the failure mechanism under tensile loading has not been elucidated yet, despite its importance for the understanding of key mechanical properties of amyloid fibrils and plaques...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5174/version/1

Gender differences in a Drosophila transcriptomic model of chronic pentylenetetrazole induced behavioral deficit
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Abhay Sharma; Farhan Mohammad; Priyanka Singh.
A male Drosophila model of locomotor deficit induced by chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a proconvulsant used to model epileptogenesis in rodents, has recently been described. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) ameliorate development of this behavioral abnormality. Time-series of microarray profiling of heads of male flies treated with PTZ has shown epileptogenesis-like transcriptomic perturbation in the fly model. Gender differences are known to exist in neurological and psychiatric conditions including epileptogenesis. We describe here the effects of chronic PTZ in Drosophila females, and compare the results with the male model. As in males, chronic PTZ was found found to cause a decreased climbing speed in females. In males, overrepresentation of Wnt, MAPK,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3460/version/1

Standard operating procedures (SOP) in experimental stroke research: SOP for middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ulrich Dirnagl; Members of the MCAO-SOP Group.
Recently, systematic reviews have found quantitative evidence that low study quality may have introduced a bias into preclinical stroke research. Monitoring, auditing, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) are already key elements of quality control in randomized clinical trials and will hopefully be widely adopted by preclinical stroke research in the near future. Increasingly, funding bodies and review boards overseeing animal experiments are taking a proactive stance, and demand auditable quality control measures in preclinical research. Every good quality control system is based on its SOPs. This article introduces the concept of quality control and presents for the first time an SOP in experimental stroke research.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3492/version/3

City rats: From rat behaviour to human spatial cognition in urban environments
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Eilam; Juval Portugali; Osnat Yaski.
The structure and shape of an urban environment influence our ability to find our way about in the city^1-2^. Indeed, urban designers who face the challenge of planning environments that facilitate wayfinding^3^, have a consequent need to understand the relations between the urban environment and spatial cognition^4^. Previous studies have suggested that certain qualities of city elements, such as a distinct contrast with the background (e.g. The Eiffel Tower in Paris), or a clear morphology (e.g. the grid layout of Manhattan&amp;#x27;s streets) affect spatial behaviour and cognition^1,5-7^. However, only a few empirical studies have examined the relations between the urban environment and spatial cognition. Here we suggest that testing rats in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4759/version/1

Assortative human pair-bonding for partner ancestry and allelic variation of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dan T. A. Eisenberg; Coren L. Apicella; Benjamin C. Campbell; Anna Dreber; Justin R. Garcia; J. Koji Lum.
The 7R allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene has been associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and risk taking. On the cross-population scale, 7R allele frequencies have been shown to be higher in populations with more of a history of long-term migrations. It has also been shown that the 7R allele is associated with individuals having multiple-ancestries. Here we conduct a replication of this latter finding with two independent samples. Measures of subjects&amp;#x2019; ancestry are used to examine past reproductive bonds. The individuals&amp;#x2019; history of inter-racial/ancestral dating and their feelings about this are also assessed. Tentative support for an association between multiple ancestries and the 7R allele were found. These...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2660/version/1

Deletion of the rat trpc4 gene and its influence on motivated responding for natural reward
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William D. Klipec; Bridget Deeney; Claire  Williamson; Kami  Wenzel; Phuong Nguyen; Eric Ostertag; Donald C. Cooper.
TRPC4 ion channels are expressed extensively in corticolimbic brain regions and a subpopulation of midbrain dopamine neurons. TRPC4 knockout (KO) rats show reduced sociability and social exploration, but show no differences in simple and complex strategic learning compared to normal wild type (WT) rats. Using water reward, we found no differences between TRPC4-KO and WT rats in the break point on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Although deletion of the trpc4 gene alters social interaction/anxiety it does not appear to affect motivation for natural rewards. Current experiments are underway testing the role of trpc4 gene deletion on cocaine reward (see www.neuro-cloud.net/nature-precedings/klipec3 for updates and collaborations).
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7109/version/1

D-aspartate exerts an opposing role upon age-dependent NMDAR-related synaptic plasticity and memory decay
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francesco Errico; Robert Nistico&amp;#x27;; Antimo D&amp;#x27;Aniello; Sandra Sivilia; Michela Giustizieri; Francesco Napolitano; Enza Topo; Giorgio Bernardi; Laura Calza; Nicola Mercuri; Alessandro Usiello.
In the present study, we demonstrated that D-aspartate acts as an _in vitro_ and _in vivo_ neuromodulatory molecule upon hippocampal NMDAR transmission. Accordingly, we showed that this D-amino acid, widely expressed during embryonic phase, was able to strongly influence hippocampus-related functions at adulthood. Thus, while up-regulated levels of D-aspartate increased LTP and spatial memory in four-month old adult mice, the prolonged deregulation of this molecule in thirteen-month old animals induced a substantial acceleration of age-dependent decay of synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Moreover, we highlighted a role for D-aspartate in enhancing NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity through an inducible &amp;#x22;turn-on/turn-off-like...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1891/version/1

Using Metaneva for Structuring, Managing and Retrieving Animal Data in the Cognitive Neurosciences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dirk Derom; Randall A. Schmidt; Ian McLeod; Bruce A. Hewitt.
Contemporary cognitive neuroscience data sets are characterized by a lack of a standardized ontology, leading to shortcomings in data reports and data sharing along with possibly outdated modular models of functional brain mechanisms. Neuroinformatics is actively addressing these hiatuses, developing detailed and more powerful workbenches. However, the structuring of data is largely neglected due to the intrinsically different data sets in the neurosciences. Here we present a workbench called Metaneva addressing the need of data structures for the improvement of both data storage and data retrieval. We hereby present both our data structuring approach and the system developed specifically for the storage and retrieval of this Metaneva specific data...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4146/version/1

Beyond Spike Timing Theory &amp;#x2013; Thermodynamics of Neuronal Computation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dorian Aur; Mandar S. Jog.
This paper highlights ionic fluxes as information carriers in neurons. The theoretical framework regarding information transfer is presented as changes in the thermodynamic entropy that underlie specific computations determined by ionic flow. The removal or accumulation of information is analyzed in terms of ionic mass transfer related with changes in Shannon information entropy. Specifically, information transfer occurs during an action potential (AP) via the voltage gated ion channels in membranes and the same physical mechanism can be extended to various types of synapses. Since sequential APs from a selected neuron are not alike, then every spike may transfer slightly different amounts of information during their occurrence. The average efficiency in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1254/version/1

Temporal dynamics of travelling theta wave activity in infants responding to visual looming
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ruud F. R. van der Weel; Audrey van der Meer.
A fundamental property of most animals is the ability to see whether an object is approaching on a direct collision course and, if so, when it will collide. Using high-density electroencephalography in 5- to 11-month-old infants and a looming stimulus approaching under three different accelerations, we investigated how the young human nervous system extracts and processes information for impending collision. Here we show that infants&amp;#x27; looming related brain activity is characterized by theta oscillations. Source analyses reveal clear localised activity in the visual cortex. Analysing the temporal dynamics of the source waveform, we provide evidence that the temporal structure of different looming stimuli is sustained during processing in the more...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2917/version/1

CA2 Pyramidal Layer
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Rachel A. Dalley; Lydia L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the CA2 pyramidal cell layer (CA2sp), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse data set. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the CA2sp were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the pyramidal layer of Ammon&amp;#x2019;s Horn, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The genes with the highest ranking selectivity ratios were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression characterization. The experimental...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2096/version/1

Functional presynaptic [alpha]6-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors participate in nicotine reward in the VTA: where and how
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kechun Yang; Lori Buhlman; Ming Gao; Ghous M. Khan; Robert A. Nichols; Jamie DeChon; Guozhang Jin; Paul Whiteaker; Ronald J. Lukas; Jie Wu.
In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), [alpha]6-nAChRs express abundantly, but their location, function, pharmacology, and roles in cholinergic modulation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons remain elusive. Using a VTA neuron-adherent bouton preparation, we report that functional [alpha]6-nAChRs are located on GABAergic presynaptic boutons, where they mediate cholinergic modulation of GABA release onto DA neurons. Smoking-relevant concentrations of nicotine desensitize [alpha]6-nAChRs, cause a disinhibition in DA neurons and consequently mediate nicotine reward.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2875/version/1

Intrinsic Activity in the Fly Brain Gates Visual Information during Behavioral Choices
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shiming Tang; Mikko Juusola.
The small insect brain is often described as an input/output system that executes reflex-like behaviours. It can also initiate neural activity and behaviours intrinsically, seen as spontaneous behaviours, different arousal states and sleep. However, little is known about how intrinsic activity in neural circuits affects sensory information processing in the insect brain and variability in behaviour. Here, by simultaneously monitoring Drosophila&amp;#x2019;s behavioural choices and brain activity in a flight simulator system, we identify intrinsic activity that is associated with the act of selecting between visual stimuli. We recorded neural output (multi-unit action potentials and local field potentials) in the left and right optic lobes of a tethered...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4325/version/1

Reading the Neural Code: What do Spikes Mean for Behavior?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dorian Aur; Mandar  Jog.
The present study reveals the existence of an intrinsic spatial code within neuronal spikes that predicts behavior. As rats learnt a T-maze procedural task, simultaneous changes in temporal occurrence of spikes and spike directivity are evidenced in &amp;#x201c;expert&amp;#x201d; neurons.  While the number of spikes between the tone delivery and the beginning of turn phase reduced with learning, the generated spikes between these two events acquired behavioral meaning that is of highest value for action selection. Spike directivity is thus a hidden feature that reveals the semantics of each spike and in the current experiment, predicts the correct turn that the animal would subsequently make to obtain reward. Semantic representation of behavior can then be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/61/version/1

A modelling study of beta-amyloid induced change in hippocampal theta rhythm
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xin Zou; Damien Coyle; KongFatt Wong-Lin; Liam Maguire.
Many dementia cases, such as Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease (AD), are characterized by an increase in low frequency field potential oscillations. However, a definitive understanding of the effects of the beta-Amyloid peptide, which is a main marker of AD, on the low frequency theta rhythm (4-7Hz) is still unavailable. In this work, we investigate the neural mechanisms associated with beta-Amyloid toxicity using a conductance-based neuronal network model of the hippocampus CA1 region. We simulate the effects of beta-Amyloid on the A-type fast inactivating K+ channel by modulating the maximum conductance of the current in pyramidal cells, denoted by gA. Our simulation results demonstrate that as gA decreases (through A[beta]&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;blockage), the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6004/version/1

Spike processing model of the brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert Brown.
The timing of a spike within a specific time period is used to identify a place in space (input terminal) and/or sense changes in energy or position in the environment, and is used to determine the motion of an actuator or the activation of a place in space (output terminal). The timing of a spike is specified by a sensor or a time delay memory cell that is preset (predetermined) or set through experience (empirical). Time delay memory cells are arranged in decoding networks that activate specific output terminals based upon the timing of incoming spike trains, or arranged in encoding networks that generate spike trains from activated input terminals. These spike trains form semi-axes that can transmit large quantities of information in one direction...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5621/version/1

The computational magic of the ventral stream
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomaso Poggio.
I argue that the sample complexity of (biological, feedforward) object recognition is mostly due to geometric image transformations and conjecture that a main goal of the ventral stream &amp;#x2013; V1, V2, V4 and IT &amp;#x2013; is to learn-and-discount image transformations.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In the first part of the paper I describe a class of simple and biologically plausible memory-based modules that learn transformations from unsupervised visual experience. The main theorems show that these modules provide (for every object) a signature which is invariant to local affine transformations and approximately invariant for other transformations. I also prove that,&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;in a broad class of hierarchical architectures, signatures...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6117/version/3

Using causal models to distinguish between neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects on behaviour
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Stanley E. Lazic.
There has been a substantial amount of research on the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour over the past fifteen years, but the causal role that new neurons have on cognitive and affective behavioural tasks is still far from clear. This is partly due to the difficulty of manipulating levels of neurogenesis without inducing off-target effects, which might also influence behaviour. In addition, the analytical methods typically used do not directly test whether neurogenesis mediates the effect of an intervention on behaviour. Previous studies may have incorrectly attributed changes in behavioural performance to neurogenesis because the role of known (or unknown) neurogenesis-independent mechanisms were not formally taken into...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6988/version/1

Affordances of distractors and compatibility effects: a study with the computational model TRoPICALS
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniele Caligiore; Anna M. Borghi; Domenico Parisi; Rob Ellis; Angelo Cangelosi; Gianluca Baldassarre.
Seeing an object activates in the brain both visual and action codes. Crucial evidence supporting this view is offered by compatibility effect experiments (Ellis et al. (2007). J Exp Psychol: Hum Percept Perform): perception of an object can facilitate or interfere with the execution of an action (e.g. grasping) even when the viewer has no intention of interacting with the object. TRoPICALS (Caligiore et al. (2010). Psychol Rev) is a computational model developed to study compatibility effects. It provides a general hypothesis about the brain mechanisms underlying compatibility effects, suggesting that the top-down bias from prefrontal cortex (PFC), and its agreement or disagreement with the affordances of objects, plays a key role in such phenomena....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5848/version/1

TMS, phosphenes and visual mental imagery: A mini-review and a theoretical framework
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Istvan Bokkon; Matthew Kirby; Amedeo D&amp;#x27;Angiulli.
We reviewed the existing research linking visual mental imagery and phosphenes induced by TMS. We examined and contrasted conditions (and parameters) under which intensity and amplitude of TMS application at various cortical sites along the ventral and dorsal visual pathways: 1) induces the experience of visual images during perception and mental imagery, 2) interferes with or facilitates perception and/or imagery in concurrent and dual task conditions, 3) correlates with self-reports such as vividness ratings, and 4) reduces or has other selective effects on phosphene threshold in concomitance with perception and imagery. We propose an interpretation of the results of this mini-review within a new biophysical framework for visual mental imagery based on...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3244/version/1

The Functional Autism Connectome
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Kelley.
This presentation provides an overview of a dissertation regarding functional brain networks in autism based on signal transduction and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Kelley, D.J. (2008). Functional connectivity of affective face processing networks in autism. Dissertation Abstract International, 69(5), 2816B, 458 pages. (UMI No. AAT 3314120; ISBN: 9780549628781). Retrieved December 22, 2008, from Dissertations and Theses database.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;[http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1606794441&amp;#x26;Fmt=7&amp;#x26;clientId=79356&amp;#x26;RQT=309&amp;#x26;VName=PQD]&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2724/version/1

Molecular Bio-imprinting of Biocatalysts
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Israr  Khan; Muhammad Waheed Akhtar.
Energy conservation is the cry of the day. Attempts are made all over the world to occupy and use energy reserves. Increased industrialization and mechanization has led to the  depletion of natural energy reserves. Its unavoidable to search for renewable sources of energy, which may be not used now but can be used by future generations. We are using the expertise of our ancestors. Thus exploiting the nature and newer techniques in this area would yield the best results. Bio-imprinting is one of those techniques whereby chemical modification is done in order to achieve highly expressed protein which can be stored in its highly active form in the specific solvent.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5665/version/1

Without magic bullets: the biological basis for public health interventions against protein folding disorders
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Protein folding disorders of aging like Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s and Parkinson&amp;#x27;s diseases currently present intractable medical challenges. &amp;#x27;Small molecule&amp;#x27; interventions - drug treatments - often have, at best, palliative impact, failing to alter disease course. The design of individual or population level interventions will likely require a deeper understanding of protein folding and its regulation than currently provided by contemporary &amp;#x27;physics&amp;#x27; or culture-bound medical magic bullet models. Here, a topological rate distortion analysis is applied to the problem of protein folding and regulation that is similar in spirit to Tlusty&amp;#x27;s (2010a) elegant exploration of the genetic code. The formalism produces...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4847/version/2

Is the new cognitive neuroscience of social inequality equal?  Deconstructing the current neurocognitive research on children&amp;#x2019;s attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Amedeo D&amp;#x27;Angiulli; Pavel Grebenkov.
The relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and various outcomes, such as cognitive ability, behavior, social skills and health, has been studied for over half a century. The general consensus in interpreting the results as been that low SES is necessarily associated with cognitive and/or behavioral pathologies or deficits. Contrary to this deficit hypothesis new evidence suggests that the differences between low- and high-SES populations may be due to cognitive preferences associated with the social context where children develop.  Much of this evidence has come from developmental neuroimaging studies on attention and executive control generally showing that despite differences between low- and high-SES children in neural correlates, there are no...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4470/version/1

Strategies for identifying exact structure of neural circuits with broad light microscopy connectivity probes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuriy Mishchenko.
Dissecting the structure of neural circuits in the brain is one of the central problems of neuroscience. Until present day, the only way to obtain complete and detailed reconstructions of neural circuits was thought to be the serial section Electron Microscopy, which could take decades to complete a small circuit. In this paper, we develop a mathematical framework that allows performing such reconstructions much faster and cheaper with existing light microscopy and genetic tools. In this framework, a collection of genetically targeted light probes of connectivity is prepared from different animals and then used to systematically deduce the circuit&amp;#x27;s connectivity. Each measurement is represented as mathematical constraint on the circuit...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2669/version/1

Types, models and instances: a perspective from neuroscience
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert C. Cannon.
In order to share neuroscience models effectively, there is a need to clearly separate out the structure, equations and parameters so that each model only specifies those bits that are unique to itself. This will enable specialized simulation tools to recognize structures they can handle without having to process the equations directly. Two projects, NeuroML2 and NineML are working in this direction. As an example, we show how the Hodgkin Huxley equations can be decomposed into separate component type definitions and parameter sets in such as way that the majority of Hodgkin-Huxley style ion channel models can be expressed in only a few lines.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5119/version/1

Optimal decision bounds for probabilistic population codes and time varying evidence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jan Drugowitsch; Rub&amp;#xe9;n Moreno-Bote; Alexandre Pouget.
Decision making under time constraints requires the decision maker to trade off between making quick, inaccurate decisions and gathering more evidence for more accurate, but slower decisions. We have previously shown that, under rather general settings, optimal behavior can be described by a time-dependent decision bound on the decision maker&amp;#x2019;s belief of being correct (Drugowitsch, Moreno-Bote, Pouget, 2009). In cases where the reliability of sensory information remains constant over time, we have shown how to design diffusion models (DMs) with time-changing boundaries that feature such behavior. Such theories can be easily mapped onto simple neural models of decision making with two perfectly anti-correlated neurons, where they predict the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5821/version/1

Gulf War Syndrome: A role for organophosphate induced plasticity of locus coeruleus neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jun-li  Cao; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald C. Cooper.
Gulf War syndrome is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has affected about a quarter of the deployed veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Exposure to prolonged low-level organophosphate insecticides and other toxic chemicals is now thought to be responsible. Chlorpyrifos was one commonly used insecticide. The metabolite of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, is a potent irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, much like the nerve agent Sarin. To date, the target brain region(s) most susceptible to the neuroactive effects of chlorpyrifos oxon have yet to be identified. To address this we tested ability of chlorpyrifos oxon to influence neuronal excitability and induce lasting changes in the locus coeruleus, a brain region implicated in anxiety, substance...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6057/version/2

What is the function of the C1-C3 adrenergic group in the medulla?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Smythies.
This brief communication discusses a much neglected topic in functional neuroanatomy-the possible function(s) of the adrenergic system in the brain.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1291/version/1

Paraoxonase 1 Polymorphism p.Q192R in Patients With Dementia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomasz Krzywkowski.
PON1 PCR-RFLP polymorphism frequency and enzyme activity were determined in 223 patients with dementia (94 with AD, 55 with VaD and 74 with MD) and in 100 age and sex matched controls without dementia. I found no statistical significance of genotype frequencies between analyzed groups. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Paraoxonase 1 activity was lower in patients carrying the R allele in locus 192 as compared with the R allele non-carriers. The results showed statistically significant association between PON1 polymorphism and enzyme activity and thus can suggest an important relationship between different isoforms of PON1, enzyme activity and dementia.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6333/version/1

The Computational Magic of the Ventral Stream: Towards a Theory
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomaso A. Poggio.
I conjecture that the sample complexity of object recognition is mostly due to geometric image transformations and that a main goal of the ventral stream &amp;#x2013; V1, V2, V4 and IT &amp;#x2013; is to learn-and-discount image transformations. The most surprising implication of the theory emerging from these assumptions is that the computational goals and detailed properties of cells in the ventral stream follow from symmetry properties of the visual world through a process of unsupervised correlational learning.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;From the assumption of a hierarchy of areas with receptive fields of increasing size the theory predicts that the size of the receptive fields determines which transformations are learned during development and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6117/version/1

Integrative concept of homeostasis: translating physiology into medicine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ivan Spasojevic.
To truly understand living systems they must be viewed as a whole. In order to achieve this and to come to some law to which living systems obey, data obtained on cells, tissues and organs should be integrated. Because there are no such laws yet, there is usually a long path for physiological findings obtained by reductionist approaches to be translated into medical practice. The concept and accompanying equations of homeostasis presented here are aimed to develop biological laws and to bridge this gap between physiology and medicine. The concept of homeostasis takes into account energy input and output, enlisting all relevant contributors. In homeostasis, input should equal the output. What I suggest here is that if the system is out of homeostasis, the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6741/version/1

Towards a cognitive definition of colour vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Skorupski; Lars Chittka.
In recent years, colour vision abilities have been rather generously awarded to vari-ous invertebrates and even bacteria. This uncertainty of when to diagnose colour vi-sion stems in part from confusing what colour vision can do with what it is. What col-our vision can do is discriminate wavelength independent of intensity. However, if we take this as a definition of what colour vision is, then we might indeed be obliged to conclude that some plants and bacteria have colour vision. Moreover, there is a simi-lar confusion of what are necessary and what are sufficient mechanisms and behav-ioural abilities for colour vision. To humans, seeing in colour means seeing an image in which objects/lights have chromatic attributes - in contrast to the sensation that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1766/version/2

Coupling of capillary RBC flow failure with neuronal depolarization
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Minoru Tomita; Yutaka Tomita; Haruki Toriumi; Miyuki Unekawa; Norihiro Suzuki.
RBC (oxygen-carrier) behaviour in the cerebrocortical microvasculature during K^+^-induced cortical spreading depression (CSD) was examined in urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats (n=10). The movements of FITC-labeled RBCs in single capillaries in the cortical region were traced with a high-speed camera laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope and analyzed with Matlab domain software, KEIO-IS2, to obtain the velocities of all labeled RBCs appearing in local capillaries during CSD wave propagation. We found that CSD induced periodic decreases in both RBC number and velocity until RBCs halted or disappeared for 3.3 +/- 2.3 s, and then RBC flow was restored. The RBC flow stall was statistically significant (P &amp;#x3c; 0.05). During capillary flow...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3220/version/1

Corticofugal projections from the anterior olfactory nucleus target olfactory bulb principal cells
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kurt R. Illig.
The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) is a cortical structure reciprocally connected with the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex. Here, using small extracellular and intracellular injections to trace the terminal projections in the OB from individual cells in the rat AON, and examining the morphology and distribution of these projections, I report that these projections appear to preferentially target and directly synapses with mitral cells. These findings suggests that the AON acts to modulate incoming olfactory information based on ongoing processing, perhaps in a way that tunes the OB to signal the presence of particular odors.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6641/version/1

Learning alters theta-nested gamma oscillations in inferotemporal cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Keith M. Kendrick; Yang Zhan; Hanno Fischer; Alister U. Nicol; Xuejuan Zhang; Jianfeng Feng.
How coupled brain rhythms influence cortical information processing to support learning is unresolved. Local field potential and neuronal activity recordings from 64- electrode arrays in sheep inferotemporal cortex showed that visual discrimination learning increased the amplitude of theta oscillations during stimulus presentation. Coupling between theta and gamma oscillations, the theta/gamma ratio and the regularity of theta phase were also increased, but not neuronal firing rates. A neural network model with fast and slow inhibitory interneurons was developed which generated theta nested gamma. By increasing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor sensitivity similar learning-evoked changes could be produced. The model revealed that altered theta nested gamma...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3151/version/1

Basic emotions: Differences in time sequence and functional imaging with low resolution brain electrical tomography (LORETA)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tommaso Costa; Manuella Crini.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the time course of brain activation during the observation of pictures depicting scenes associated with the four basic emotion of happiness, sadness, fear and disgust. Twenty-nine right-handed volunteers (17 male, 12 female; mean age 24.6 years) took part in the study. To study the time course of the affective processing the low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) has been used. Each emotional condition has shown specific activation patterns in different brain regions, changing over time. Our findings are in good agreement with other brain-imaging studies (PET/fMRI) but with the advantage to investigate the temporal evolution of the emotional process in the millisecond...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5566/version/1

Local field potentials, BOLD and spiking activity &amp;#x2013; relationships and physiological mechanisms
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Philipp Berens; Nikos K. Logothetis; Andreas S. Tolias.
Extracellular voltage fluctuations (local field potentials, LFPs) reflecting neural mass action are ubiquitous across species and brain regions. Numerous studies have characterized the properties of LFP signals in the cortex to study sensory and motor computations as well as cognitive processes like attention, perception and memory. In addition, its extracranial counterpart &amp;#x2013; the electroencephalogram &amp;#x2013; is widely used in clinical applications. However, the link between LFP signals and the underlying activity of local populations of neurons is still largely elusive. For the LFP to aid our understanding of cortical computation, however, we need to know as precisely as possible what aspects of neural mass action it reflects. In this...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5216/version/1

The Bond Between a Horse and a Human
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Debbie Crews.
The bond that exists between a horse and human was examined using EEG from the horse and human simultaneously. Three volunteers ranging from novice to elite horse experience participated with an unfamiliar horse. The elite participant was also recorded with her own horse. A dose-response effect was tested using 6 conditions requiring increasing interaction between the horse and human (baseline - apart, standing together, petting, grooming, sitting, and riding). EEG was recorded from 10 locations on the horse and the human. EEG brain maps illustrated that increasing interaction between the horse and human showed more synchronous EEG. The elite horse person showed greater synchronization with her own familiar horse. Perhaps these findings illustrate the bond...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3454/version/1

Visual Molecular Dynamics Investigations of the Impact of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles on Prognosis  of Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease and Cancers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu; M Charles; V. I. Prisecaru.
The possible impact of hydrophobic lectin nanoparticles on the prognosis and progression of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD) and cancers was investigated by Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) computer modeling programs available from the Beckmann Advanced Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana. Our results indicate the possibility of impeding pathological aggregation of certain proteins such as modified tau- or beta-amyloid that are currently being considered as possible causes of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. VMD programs serve as useful tools for investigation hydrophobic protein aggregation that may play a role in aging of human populations.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7111/version/1

The Calbindin-D28k binding site on inositol monophosphatase may allow inhibition independent of the lithium site of action
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Galila Agam; Miriam Eisenstein; Itshak Levi; Yael Askira; Orna Almog; Chaim Gilon; Amnon Hoffman; Yftah Talgan; Joseph Fanous.
Among numerous reported biochemical effects the lithium-inhibitable enzyme inositol-monophosphatase (IMPase) remains a viable target for lithium&amp;#x27;s therapeutic mechanism of action. Calbindin-D28k (calbindin) interacts with IMPase enhancing its activity. In the present study in silico modeling of IMPase-calbindin binding using the program MolFit indicated that the 55-66 amino acid segment of IMPase anchors calbindin via Lys59 and Lys61 with a glutamate in between (Lys-Glu-Lys motif). The model further suggested that the Lys-Glu-Lys motif interacts with residues Asp24 and Asp26 of calbindin. Indeed, we found that differently from wildtype calbindin, IMPase was not activated by mutated calbindin in which Asp24 and Asp26 were replaced by alanine....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6323/version/1

Minimum Information about a Neuroscience Investigation (MINI): Electrophysiology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frank Gibson; Paul G. Overton; Tom V. Smulders; Simon R. Schultz; Stephen J. Eglen; Colin D. Ingram; Stefano Panzeri; Phil Bream; Miles Whittington; Evelyne Sernagor; Mark Cunningham; Christopher Adams; Christoph Echtermeyer; Jennifer Simonotto; Marcus Kaiser; Daniel C. Swan; Martyn Fletcher; Phillip Lord.
This module represents the formalised opinion of the authors and the CARMEN consortium, which identifies the minimum information required to report the use of electrophysiology in a neuroscience study, for submission&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;to the CARMEN system (&amp;#x22;http://www.carmen.org.uk&amp;#x22;:www.carmen.org.uk).
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1720/version/2

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant proteins, plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/7

Homocysteic acid as a pathogen for Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tohru Hasegawa.
It has been considered that Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease may be induced by multi-pathogenic factors.  However recent Nature Genetics has reported that sporadic Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease is also genetically determined by such as ApoE4, Clusterin, so on. We already understand familiar Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease is determined by such APP, Presenilin genes. These reports should allow us to consider that these genes stimulate the biological process and consequently Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease would be determined by certain pathogen. Then what is the pathogen? First this pathogen should be stimulated by certain biological process by these genetic activation, which I mean that these genes separately work to induce this pathogen. I really propose...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3739/version/1

The universal &amp;#x22;shape&amp;#x22; of human languages: spectral analysis beyond speech
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fermin Moscoso del Prado.
A common recommendation for linguists is that, when analyzing language, they should take a &amp;#x22;man-from-mars&amp;#x22;, know-nothing, perspective to describe the structures that they observe, if possible limiting themselves to the mechanical application of a set of well-defined techniques and criteria. Unfortunately, the complex nature of linguistic structures makes it difficult to adopt such a detached perspective. A language, as represented by a corpus of text, can be described macroscopically by the symbolic periodogram of the corpus, analogous to the spectrograms commonly used for describing speech. Here, I show that the periodogram exhibits a universal &amp;#x22;shape&amp;#x22; from human languages, and this shape originates in known properties...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6097/version/2

Molecular implications of prolonged aggression experience: Th, Dat1, Snca and Bdnf gene expression in the ventral tegmental area of the victorious male mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: N.  P. Bondar; U.  A. Boyarskikh; I. L. Kovalenko; M. L. Filipenko; N.  N. Kudryavtseva.
Th, Dat1, Snca and Bdnf were the genes whose mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain were measured in male mice that were victorious in 20 daily agonistic interactions and in a group of such victorious mice that had later not been allowed to fight for 14 days. This experiment demonstrated increased Th, Dat1 and Snca but not Bdnf mRNA levels in the former group as compared to the controls. In the latter group, the expression of the Th and Dat1 genes was still enhanced, while the level of Snca mRNA did not differ from that in the controls. These findings suggest that positive fighting experience enhances the expression of the genes concerned with dopaminergic systems and this enhanced expression is preserved for a long time afterwards....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2043/version/1

Nonlinear Models of Neural and Genetic Network Dynamics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
A categorical and &amp;#x141;ukasiewicz-Topos framework for &amp;#x141;ukasiewicz LM-Algebraic Logic models of nonlinear dynamics in complex functional systems such as neural networks, genomes and cell interactomes is proposed. &amp;#x141;ukasiewicz Algebraic Logic models of genetic networks and signaling pathways in cells are formulated in terms of nonlinear dynamic systems with n-state components that allow for the generalization of previous logical models of both genetic activities and neural networks.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7114/version/1

Left Anterior Negativity reflects distinct neural substrate for linguistic rule application
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Riadh Lebib; Andrea Krott.
A critical issue for understanding language processing in the brain is whether linguistic rule application is subserved by a distinct neural substrate. Previous evidence based on electroencephalographic measurements is indirect because studies focus on neural changes after rule violation, which may reflect processes caused by the violation such as error handling. Here we show that correct rule-governed formations are associated with left frontal negative-going activity, providing direct evidence for rule application in the brain.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2090/version/1

Non-viral delivery and optimized optogenetic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells led to behavioral restoration of vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ling Gu; Shivaranjani Shivalingaiah; Mathew Ficinski; Edward Wong; Samarendra Mohanty.
Stimulation of retinal neurons using optogenetics via use of chanelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) has opened up a new direction for restoration of vision for treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we report non-viral in-vivo electroporation of degenerated retina of adult RP-mice with ChR2-plasmids and subsequent in-vivo imaging of retina to confirm expression. Further, we demonstrate that in addition to efficient non-viral delivery of ChR2 to a specific retinal layer, threshold level of stimulation light needs to be delivered onto the retina for achieving successful behavioral outcome. Measurement of intensity of light reaching the retina of RP-mouse models along with geometrical optics simulation of light propagation in the eye is reported in order to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6869/version/1

Thermal signatures of human pheromones in sexual and reproductive behaviour
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andrea Mazzatenta; Gian Luca Romani; Luca Tommasi; Arcangelo Merla.
Chemically mediated sexual communication in humans has been largely neglected due to its non-conscious and relatively concealed nature. However, menstrual cycle synchronisation, puberty onset in young pre-pubertal girls exposed to their stepfather, and consanguinity avoidance suggest a function in the physiological regulation of sexual and reproductive behaviour in humans. These phenomena are related to activation of the limbic system by pheromones. On the basis of sexually dimorphic activation of brain hypothalamic areas and the control of body temperature via the hypothalamus, our hypothesis is that human sexual pheromones can induce thermal effects that can be revealed by high-resolution thermal infrared imaging. Here we show that in women, male sexual...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4477/version/1

Adversity and sex differences in social and emotional sensitivity in children; a possible mechanism for sex differences in psychiatric disorders
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jonathan Hill; Helen Sharp; Lynne Murray.
Females are superior to males on a range of tasks indexing social sensitivity, the capacity to infer others&amp;#x27; mental states and respond with appropriate behaviours and emotions(1-3). There are also sex differences in psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Boys have higher rates of psychiatric disorders before puberty, but disorders increase markedly in girls after puberty (4). The causes of the commonest forms of disorder, antisocial behaviour problems in boys, and depression in girls, entail altered brain function caused by genetic variations and psychosocial adversities mainly arising in the family, and the interaction between the two (5;6). This may be explained by sex differences in social and emotional sensitivity provided they...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4553/version/1

Strategies for recovering exact structure of neural circuits with broadly targeted fluorescent connectivity probes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuriy Mishchenko.
We present a framework for reconstructing structure of complete neural circuits&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;in the brain using collections of independent measurements of connectivity&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;performed with existing anatomical or functional fluorescent probes, and&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;designed to provide complementary information about neural circuit&amp;#x2019;s structure&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;by targeting slightly different its parts either in deterministic or stochastic&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;succession. We discuss specific implementation of this procedure using&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;synaptic fluorescent marker GRASP and Cre/Lox system Brainbow to collect&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;ensemble of observations of the sets of synapses between stochastically labeled&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;samples...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2669/version/2

Metabolic, Replication and Genomic  Category of Systems in Biology,  Bioinformatics and Medicine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
Metabolic-repair models, or (M,R)-systems were introduced in Relational Biology by Robert Rosen. Subsequently, Rosen represented such (M,R)-systems (or simply MRs)in terms of categories of sets, deliberately selected without any structure other than the discrete topology of sets. Theoreticians of life&amp;#x2019;s origins postulated that Life on Earth has begun with the simplest possible organism, called the primordial. Mathematicians interested in biology attempted to answer this important question of the minimal living organism by defining the functional relations that would have made life possible in such a minimal system- a grandad and grandma of all living organisms on Earth. Genomic systems are also considered as molecular realizations of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7051/version/1

An exercise on developing an ontology-epistemology about schizophrenia and neuroanatomy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodolpho Freire; Danilo Nunes Santos; Marcos  Vinicius dos Santos; Paulo Eduardo Santos.
This paper describes preliminary ideas on formalizing some concepts of neuroanatomy into ontological and epistemological terms. We envisage the application of this ontology on the assimilation of facts about medical knowledge about neuroimages from schizophrenic patients.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3483/version/1

Probing the connectivity of neural circuits at single-neuron resolution using high-throughput DNA sequencing
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hassana Oyibo; Gang  Cao; Huiqing Zhan; Alex Koulakov; Lynn Enquist; Joshua Dubnau; Anthony  Zador.
There is growing excitement in determining the complete connectivity diagram of the brain&amp;#x2014;the &amp;#x22;connectome&amp;#x22;. So far, the complete connectome has been established for only one organism, C. elegans, with 302 neurons connected by about 7000 synapses&amp;#x2014;and even this was a heroic task, requiring over 50 person-years of labor. Like all current approaches, this reconstruction was based on microscopy. Unfortunately, microscopy is poorly suited to the study of neural connectivity because brains are macroscopic structures, whereas synapses are microscopic. Nevertheless, there are several large-scale projects underway to scale up high-throughput microscopic approaches to the connectome.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Here we present a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6452/version/1

Quantitative Models for Efficient Cloning of Different Vectors with Various Clone sites
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gang Zhang; Anurag Tandon.
We developed an efficient &amp;#x22;Combinatorial Strategy&amp;#x201d; for cloning different vectors with various clone sites. 1) Using originally existed clone sites from circular vectors to prepare the inserts, and if no appropriate sites are available, performing SDM to create compatible sites, to achieve maximal correct digestion of the inserts. 2) Different vectors were digested with various restriction endonucleases, and then dephosphorylated with CIP. 3) Top10 competent cells were used for transformation to increase the transformant colonies. Our results showed that, when blunt sites, or a Xba I site was adopted for ligation, the percentages of positive clones were about 50%. Whereas, when different sites, including one blunt and another Pst I...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6965/version/1

Alpha band oscillations track temporal orienting of attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gustavo Rohenkohl; Anna Christina Nobre.
Introduction: Recent investigations using field-potential recordings in visual and auditory cortices have shown that oscillatory activity in neuronal ensembles become entrained to the timing of rhythmically presented stimuli according to their modality and location (Lakatos, Chen et al. 2007; Lakatos, Karmos et al. 2008; Lakatos, O&amp;#x27;Connell et al. 2009). In spite of the evidence showing the role of brain oscillations on forming predictions about forthcoming sensory events (for a review (Engel, Fries et al. 2001), little is known about the role of such oscillations in the temporal orienting of attention (Nobre 2001; Coull and Nobre 2008). To test the effect of temporal orienting of attention on early perceptual processing, motor selection, and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4509/version/1

EGFP-FMRP Granules Are Proto-Granules That Can Be Shunted to Stress Granules During a Stress Response
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert Denman.
Overexpressed EGFP-FMRP has been used as a substitute for endogenous fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in protein-protein interaction studies, and in studies concerning the composition, the formation and the localization of neuronal granules. However, the question of whether this tool truly recapitulates the properties of the endogenous protein has not been addressed. Here we demonstrate that overexpressed EGFP-FMRP forms three distinct granule types based on colocalization with various marker proteins. The majority of EGFP-FMRP-containing granules are larger and more amorphous than known granule types. Consistent with this, there is only partial colocalization with stress granule or P-body markers and no colocalization with a putative Drosophila...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5442/version/1

Slow in Motion but Smart in Learning and Memory: Behavioral Changes in Adult NR3A Knockout Mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shan Ping Yu; Mingke Song; Osama Mohamad; Ling Wei.
The expression of NMDA receptor subunit NR3A is high in the neonatal brain but low in adults. However, its functional role in the adult brain is obscure. Using wild-type (WT) and NR3A knockout (KO) mice, we show here that NR3A plays imperative roles in multiple behavioral functions in adults. NR3A deletion produced a slow locomotor phenotype with enhanced memory capacities. Hippocampal slices from juvenile and adult NR3A KO mice showed greater long-term potentiation (LTP) compared to WT slices. NR3A deletion resulted in increased expression and phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). CaMKII inhibition abrogated the enhanced LTP in NR3A KO slices. NR3A KO mice were also more sensitive to acute and chronic pain. These data reveal for the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6079/version/1

AAD-2004, a potent spin trapping molecule and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitor, shows safety and efficacy in a mouse model of ALS
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jin Shin; Young Lee; Jae Lee; Yong Lee; Woong Cho; Doo Im; Jin Lee; Bok Yun; Sun Son; Sun Park; Soo Byun; Joe Springer; Byoung Gwag.
While free radicals and inflammation constitute major routes of neuronal injury occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, neither antioxidants nor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown significant efficacy in human clinical trials. To explore the possibility that concurrent blockade of free radicals and PGE2-mediated inflammation might constitute a safe and effective therapeutic approach to certain neurodegenerative diseases, we have developed 2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylaminobezoic acid (AAD-2004) as a derivative of aspirin. AAD-2004 completely removed free radicals at 50 nM as a potent spin trapping molecule and inhibited microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) with an IC50 of 230 nM. Oral administration of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5237/version/1

The Neuroanatomic Basis of the Acupuncture Principal Meridians
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Dorsher.
Acupuncture involves treating illness by inserting needles at specified body locations (acupoints). The Principal meridians are pathways that join acupoints with related physiologic effects. Despite nearly 5000 years of continuous clinical study, an accepted anatomic or physiologic basis for acupuncture&amp;#x27;s clinical effects has remained elusive. Some acupoints overlie peripheral nerves, and fMRI studies demonstrate that acupoints have specific effects on central nervous system processing. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) founders described the body&amp;#x27;s viscera based on anatomic dissections yet not a discrete nervous system. By applying computer graphics and virtual human imaging techniques to human developmental neuroanatomy, this paradox...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3795/version/1

On the Coding of Negative Quantities in Cortical Circuits
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dana Ballard; Janneke Jehee.
Mullers Law of specific nerve energies introduced the idea that nerves transmit information about specific sensory features. This concept has been refined by the notion of &amp;#x27;labeled lines,&amp;#x27; specific cells that capture sub-features of a sensory or motor stimulus, such as Hubel and Weisel&amp;#x27;s opponent color cells. Such features can be visualized as coding a signed quantity that has positive and negative components that are encoded with separate nerve cells. We show that there are two important consequences when learning receptive field using signed codings in circuits. The first is that in feedback circuits even simple operations need to be distributed across multiple distinct pathways. The second consequence is that such pathways are...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1938/version/1

Roots and Emergence of Cognition in Evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Walter Riofrio.
Trying to understand when and how the cognitive phenomena arise in evolution continues being a hard problem of confronting. One important task is to find the ways in which we will be able to arrive at those explanations that will enable us to understand how living beings put together perceived sensory information as well as how they represent it. In this presentation, we address some conceptual questions involved in the relationships between sensorial information perceived by brains and its representational capacities. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/413/version/2

The neuron as a population of ion channels:  the emergence of a stochastic and history dependent mode
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Soudry; Ron Meir.
Experiments show that synaptically isolated cortical neurons, stimulated with periodic extra-cellular current pulses for long durations, respond in a complex irregular and history dependent manner - over a large range of timescales (from seconds to days). With the aim of finding a biophysical explanation to these results, we developed a general novel scheme to analytically solve conductance based Hodgkin-Huxley like models under pulse stimulation, and derived closed-form expressions for the transient behavior, firing rates and firing patterns of the neuron. Using this approach we were able to reproduce most experimental results using only slow sodium inactivation - with the important exceptions of the irregular behavior and the large range of timescales....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5799/version/1

Dissociation of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s morphological pathology from cognitive impairment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tohru Hasegawa; Nobuyuki Mikoda.
We observed the Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s morphological pathology, amyloid production induces Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s cognitive impairment, was dissociated from the cognitive impairment. The earlier Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s pathological changes can be induced in normal C57BL mice, by B6 deficient feeding 4 months with no amyloid, and this cognitive and memory impairments were completely inhibited by anti-homocysteic acid antibody. According to Koch&amp;#x27;s postulate, if a pathogen of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is administrated to the normal animal, we would observe the Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s cognitive impairment in the normal animal. We actually have observed this cognitive impairment in normal C57BL male mice with no amyloid. From our observations, it is suggested...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2949/version/1

A schistosome [beta] subunit remodels inactivation of a calcium channel _via_ an N-terminal polyacidic motif
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vicenta Salvador-Recatala; Robert M. Greenberg.
The beta subunit of high voltage-activated Ca (Cav) channels targets the pore forming [alpha]~1~ subunit to the plasma membrane and defines the biophysical phenotype of the Cav channel complex. Cav channel inactivation following activation and opening is tightly regulated and is an essential property that not only prevents excessive entry of Ca^2+^ into the cell but may also have functions in signal transduction. The [beta] subunit modulates Ca^2+^-dependent and voltage-dependent components of Cav channel inactivation via its interaction with the I-II linker of the [alpha]~1~ subunit. Here, using Cav2.3 and whole-cell patch-clamp, we show that a [beta] subunit from the human parasite _Schistosoma mansoni_ ([beta]~Sm~) accelerates inactivation via a unique,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4230/version/1

Extensive Viral mimicry of human proteins in AIDS, autoimmune disorders, late-onset and familial Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease and other genetic diseases
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher J. Carter.
Peptide stretches within HIV-1 proteins display homology to over 50 components from all compartments of the human immune defence network. The homologous peptides are in most cases immunogenic, suggesting that antibodies to HIV-1 proteins could mount an autoimmune attack against multiple components of the immune system itself. HIV-1 proteins are also homologous to autoantigens in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Pemphigus Vulgaris, Sjogrens syndrome and systemic Lupus Erythematosus, all of which have been associated with HIV-1 infection. This mimicry suggests that HIV-1/AIDS has a major autoimmune component and that HIV-1 antibodies could selectively target the immune system and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Microbiology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4582/version/1

Learning Features of Simple and Complex Cells: A Generative Approach via Multiplicative Interactions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wentao Huang; Zhengping Ji; Garrett  Kenyon.
We develop a hierarchical generative model to learn features of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex via multiplicative interactions and address the problem of learning invariant visual representation from natural image sequences. Generally, the overall objective of a generative sparse coding model (Olshausen and Field, Nature, 1996) is to reconstruct the input *x* via a linear combination of feature bases  *A = [A~1~,A~2~,...,A~M~]*, such that *x = As*, where s is the latent representation with a sparse constraint. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In the proposed model, we added another hidden layer with complex cells to modulate the latent representation *s*, such that *s* is generated via an element-wise product of bottom-up representation   *y =...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5943/version/1

Where did Words Come from? A Linking Theory of Sound Symbolism and Natural Language Evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jamie Reilly; David Biun; Wind Cowles; Jonathan Peelle.
Where did words come from? The traditional view is that the relation between the sound of a word and its meaning is arbitrary. An alternative hypothesis, known as sound symbolism, holds that form-meaning correspondence is systematic. Numerous examples of sound symbolism exist across natural language phyla. Moreover, cross-linguistic similarities suggest that sound symbolism represents a language universal. For example, many unrelated languages affix an &amp;#x22;ee&amp;#x22; sound to words in order to emphasize size distinctions or express affection (e.g., look at the teeny weeny baby); other such phonetic universals are evident for object mass, color, brightness, and aggression. We hypothesize that sound symbolism reflects sensitivity to an ecological law...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2369/version/1

The Symmetrical Immune Network Theory and a New HIV Vaccine Concept
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Geoffrey  W. Hoffmann.
The symmetrical immune network theory is based on Jerne&amp;#x2019;s network hypothesis. An improved version of the theory is presented. The theory is characterized by symmetrical stimulatory, inhibitory and killing interactions between idiotypic and antiidiotypic immune system components. In this version killing is ascribed to IgM antibodies, while IgG antibodies are stimulatory. In the symmetrical immune network theory T cells make specific T cell factors, that have a single V region, and are cytophilic for non-specific accessory cells (A cells, including macrophages and monocytes) and play a role in the system switching between stable steady states. A recurring theme in the theory is the concept of co selection. Co-selection is the mutual positive...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Immunology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4228/version/1

Body Fat is Associated with Decreased Endocrine and Cognitive Resilience to Acute Emotional Stress
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi; Rudolph Renelique; Marcus K. Taylor.
*Objective:* Cortisol is elevated both in individuals with increased emotional stress as well as with higher percentages of body fat. Cortisol is also known to affect cognitive performance, particularly spatial processing, selective attention, and working memory. We hypothesized that increased body fat might therefore be associated with decreased performance on a spatial processing task, in response to an acute real-world stressor. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Design:* We tested two separate samples of subjects undergoing their first (tandem) skydive. In the first sample (N=78), subjects were tested for salivary cortisol and state-anxiety (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale) during the plane&amp;#x27;s fifteen-minute ascent to altitude in immediate...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2072/version/1

Subjective Experiences of Space and Time: Self, Sensation, and Phenomenal Time
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ram Lakhan Pandey Vimal.
The investigation of subjective experiences (SEs) of space and time is at the core of consciousness research.  The term &amp;#x2018;space&amp;#x2019; includes the subject and objects.  The SE of subject, I-ness, is defined as &amp;#x2018;Self&amp;#x2019;.  The SEs of objects, subject&amp;#x2019;s external body, and subject&amp;#x2019;s internal states such as feelings, thoughts, and so on can be investigated using the proto-experience (PE)-SE framework.  The SE of time is defined as &amp;#x2018;phenomenal time&amp;#x2019; (which includes past, present and future) and the SE of space as &amp;#x2018;phenomenal space&amp;#x2019;. The three non-experiential materialistic models are as follows: (I) The quantum-dissipation model [25] can connect the discrete...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2272/version/1

Reward sharpens orientation coding independently on attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Stefano Baldassi; Claudio Simoncini.
Rewarding improves performance. Is it due to modulations of the output modules of the neural systems or are there mechanisms favoring more &amp;#x27;generous&amp;#x27; inputs? Some recent study included V1 in the the circuitry of reward-based modulations, but the effects of reward can easily be confused with effects of attention. Here we address this issue with a psychophysical dual task to control attention while orientation sensitivity on targets associated to different levels of reward is measured. We found that different reward rates improve orientation discrimination and sharpen the internal response distributions. Data are unaffected by changing attentional load nor by dissociating the feature of the reward cue from the feature relevant for the task....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3023/version/1

Phytochemical Approach and Bioanalytical Strategy to Develop Chaperone-Based Medications
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd B. K. Kastenholz.
Currently, no pharmaceuticals for the etiological treatment of degenerative protein-misfolding diseases (e.g., ALS, Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s or prion diseases) are commercially available. Therefore, in this technical note theoretical considerations and practical approaches concerning the development of chaperone-based medications from medicinal plants (e.g., Ginkgo biloba) are reviewed and discussed in detail. Phytochaperones and other agents isolated from medicinal plants are proposed to serve as the general basis of drug development in protein-misfolding diseases.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1431/version/1

From antenna to antenna: Lateral shift of olfactory memory in bees
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lesley J. Rogers; Giorgio Vallortigara.
Honeybees, _Apis mellifera_, readily learn to associate odours with sugar rewards and we show here that recall of the olfactory memory, as demonstrated by the bee extending its proboscis when presented with the trained odour, involves first the right and then the left antenna. At 1-2 hour after training using both antennae, recall is possible only when the bee uses its right antenna but by 6 hours after training the memory has made a lateral shift and can now be recalled only when the left antenna is in use. Long-term memory one day after training is also accessed only via the left antenna. This time-dependent shift from right to left antenna is seen as side biases in responding to odour presented to the bee&amp;#x27;s left or right side and hence may be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1466/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Therapeutic recombinant plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression during early disease stages or even be a basis for a possible causal treatment of preclinical stages of Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease by restoring cellular function of the CCS-SOD-1 mechanism and by preventing formation of A&amp;#x3b2; plaques, a major putative factor involved in Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s disease pathogenesis.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/1

Chronic thoracic hemisection spinal cord injury in adult rats induces a progressive decline in transmission from uninjured fibers to lumbar motoneurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Victor L. Arvanian; Lisa  Schnell; Li Lou; Roobeh Golshani; Arsen Hunanyan; Arko Ghosh; Damien D. Pearse; John K. Robinson; Martin E. Schwab; James W. Fawcett; Lorne M. Mendell.
Although most spinal cord injuries are anatomically incomplete, only limited functional recovery has been observed in people and rats with partial lesions. To address why surviving fibers cannot mediate more complete recovery, we evaluated the physiological and anatomical status of spared fibers after unilateral hemisection (HX) of thoracic spinal cord in adult rats. We made intracellular and extracellular recordings at L5 (below HX) in response to electrical stimulation of contralateral white matter above (T6) and below (L1) HX. Responses from T6 displayed reduced amplitude, increased latency and elevated stimulus threshold in the fibers across from HX, beginning 1-2 weeks after HX. Ultrastructural analysis revealed demyelination of intact axons...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2165/version/1

The &amp;#x27;consciousness&amp;#x27; of the living state: Extending the Baars global broadcast model across physiological subsystems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
For the broad spectrum of cognitive biological phenomena having &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information sources, isolation from crosstalk between them requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This allows an evolutionary exaptation leading to dynamic global broadcasts at multiple scales, similar to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in physiological systems. Entropy gradient models adapted from nonequilibrium thermodynamics lead to an index theorem in which analytic solutions of empirical equations describe different possible topological modes. Not only is the living state characterized by cognition at every scale and level of organization, but by multiple, shifting, tunable, cooperative...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6898/version/2

The genetics of colored sequence synesthesia: Evidence of linkage to chromosome 16q and genetic heterogeneity for the condition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Stephanie S. Nelson; Nili Avidan; Anand K. Sarma; Rejnal Tushe; Dianna M. Milewicz; Kwanghyuk Lee; Molly Bray; Suzanne M. Leal; David M. Eagleman.
Synesthesia is a perceptual condition in which normal sensory stimulation can trigger anomalous sensory experiences. For example, synesthetes may experience colors in response to sounds, tastes in response to words, or smells in response to touch. We here focus on colored sequence synesthesia, in which color experiences are triggered by learned ordinal sequences such as letters, numbers, weekdays and months. Although synesthesia has been noted in the scientific literature for over a century, it is understood only at the level of the phenomenology, and not at the molecular and neural levels. We have performed a linkage analysis to identify the first genetic loci responsible for the increased neural crosstalk underlying colored sequence synesthesia. Our...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3987/version/1

A system-level neural model of the     brain mechanisms underlying     instrumental devaluation in rats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francesco Mannella; Marco Mirolli; Gianluca Baldassarre.
Goal-directed behaviours are defined by the presence of two kinds of effect on instrumental learning. First, degrading the contingencies between produced actions and desired outcomes diminishes the number of instrumental responses; second, devaluing a reward results in a lower production of instrumental actions to obtain it. We present a computational model of the neural processes underlying instrumental devaluation in rats. The model reproduces the interaction between the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) and the limbic, associative and somatosensory striato-cortical loops. Firing-rate units are used to abstract the activity features of neural populations. Learning is reproduced through the use of dopamine-dependent simple and differential hebbian...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5849/version/1

A few remarks on the relationship between visuo-spatial attention deficits and dyslexia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Skoyles; Bernt C. Skottun.
Dyslexia and attentional problems are often comorbid. This raises the question whether reading deficits might etiologically follow from attentional difficulties, a hypothesis that has been proposed in regard to visuo-spatial attention deficits. This visuo-spatial attention deficit hypothesis would  predict that attention deficits should be specific to dyslexia. However, it is here estimated that at the population level there are more non-dyslexic individuals than dyslexic individuals with visuo-spatial attention deficits. The reason for this is that in the overall population level there are far more individuals without dyslexia than with dyslexia. Thus, a relatively modest percentage presence of attention problems in the non-dyslexic population can result...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5525/version/1

Retinal adaptation to spatial correlations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kristina D. Simmons; Jason S. Prentice; Jan Homann; Gasper Tkacik; Philip C. Nelson; Vijay Balasubramanian.
The classical center-surround retinal ganglion cell receptive field is thought to remove the strong spatial correlations in natural scenes,  enabling efficient use of limited bandwidth.  While early studies with drifting gratings reported robust surrounds (Enroth-Cugell and Robson, 1966), recent measurements with white noise reveal weak  surrounds (Chichilnisky and Kalmar, 2002).   This might be evidence for dynamical weakening of the retinal surround in response to decreased spatial correlations, which would be predicted by efficient coding theory.  Such adaptation is reported in LGN (Lesica et al., 2007), but whether the retina also adapts to correlations is unknown.    &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We tested for adaptation by recording...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6344/version/1

Ghost hand: My hand is not mine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuta Nishiyama; Shinpei Tatsumi; Shusaku Nomura; Yukio Gunji.
Synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation of the type in the rubber hand illusion (RHI)^1-3^ and in out of body experience (OBE)^4,5^ can induce the brain to incorporate external objects or images into a part or whole of body image. Whether in the context of RHI or OBE, since the participant passively receives visuo-tactile stimulations, body image appears only with the sense of ownership (SoO), not with the sense of agency (the registration that we are the initiators of our actions; SoA)^6,7^. Insofar as self-consciousness as a body image is a unity acting in its environments, body image has to be investigated in the relationship between SoO and SoA^8,9^. It requires an experimental condition in which SoO and SoA can be independently separated in an active...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3019/version/1

Shaping neurons: how morphological constraints affect axonal polarity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Catherine Villard; Annie Andrieux.
Neuronal differentiation is under the tight control of biochemical and physical information arising from micro-environment. Here, through a panel of poly-L-lysine micropatterns, we wished to assay how external geometrical constraints of neurons may modulate axonal polarization. Constraints applied to either the cell body or to the neurite directions revealed the existence of a differential mechanical tension between the nascent axon and other neurites. Also, we show that centrosome location is not predictive of axonal polarization but responds to the force exerted by the nascent axon. Using curved trajectories for neurite growth inhibited axonal differentiation and prevented formation of multiple axons normally induced by cytochalasin or taxol treatments....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6021/version/1

Neural Basis of Motivation Lateralizes with Motor Control
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Geoffrey Brookshire; Daniel Casasanto.
According to decades of research on affective motivation in the human brain, approach motivational states are subserved by the left hemisphere and avoidance states by the right hemisphere. Here we show that hemispheric specialization for motivation reverses with handedness. This covariation provides initial support for the Sword and Shield Hypothesis, according to which hemispheric laterality of affective motivation is causally linked to motor control for the dominant and non-dominant hands.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6585/version/1

Auditory cortex mediates the perceptual effects of acoustic temporal expectation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Santiago Jaramillo; Anthony M. Zador.
When events occur at predictable instants, anticipation improves performance. Knowledge of event timing modulates motor circuits, improving response speed. By contrast, the neuronal mechanisms underlying changes in sensory perception due to expectation are not well understood.  We have developed a novel behavioral paradigm for rats in which we manipulated expectations about sound timing.  Valid expectations improved both the speed and the accuracy of subjects&amp;#x27; performance, indicating not only improved motor preparedness but also enhanced perception.  Single neuron recordings in primary auditory cortex revealed enhanced representation of sounds during periods of heightened expectation. Furthermore, we found that activity in auditory cortex was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5139/version/1

COX inhibition: Catalepsy and Striatum Dopaminergic-GABAergic-Glutamatergic Neurotransmission
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hadi Fathi-Moghaddam; Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani; Meysam Shafiee Ardestani; Davood Barzegar-Pourshuraki; Amin Gravand; Latifeh Navidpour; Hojat Ebrahiminik; Abbas Shafiee.
Selective COX-2 and COX-1 inhibitors were administered (i.p. acutely) to normal and parkinsonian rats, followed by the analysis of the striatal dopamine, GABA and glutamate concentrations using the microdialysis technique, simultaneously, the catalepsy of animals was evaluated. Selective COX-2 inhibition showed improving effects on the catalepsy followed by decreasing the striatum glutamatergic-GABAergic and enhancing the dopaminergic neurotransmission. Nonetheless COX inhibition had no significant improving effects on damaged Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNc) neurons.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1481/version/1

Reduced GABA-B/GIRK-mediated regulation of the VTA following a single exposure to cocaine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brian Cadle; Andrew Varnell; Donald C. Cooper.
In this paper, Arora and colleagues expand on their previous work on GIRK channels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) presenting evidence that a single exposure to cocaine reduces inhibitory GABAergic transmission to dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Mice receiving i.p. injections of cocaine saw a short lived (1-5 days) decrease in GABAb mediated G-protein coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) currents in DA neurons in the VTA. This decrease parallels an NMDA-mediated increase in the frequency of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Chronic cocaine injections had no additional effects beyond those seen with single injections. Though they found no change in mRNA levels for GABAb receptors, GIRK channels, or RGS-2 (a G-protein...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6771/version/1

Roman roads: The hierarchical endosymbiosis of cognitive modules
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Serial endosymbiosis theory provides a unifying paradigm for examining the interaction of cognitive modules at vastly different scales of biological, social, and cultural organization. A trivial but not unimportant model associates a dual information source with a broad class of cognitive processes, and punctuated phenomena akin to phase transitions in physical systems, and associated coevolutionary processes, emerge as consequences of the homology between information source uncertainty and free energy density. The dynamics, including patterns of punctuation similar to ecosystem resilience transitions, are largely dominated by the availability of &amp;#x27;Roman roads&amp;#x27; constituting channels for the transmission of information between modules.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3892/version/1

Trophoblastic hormones direct early human embryogenesis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Miguel J. Gallego; Prashob Porayette; Maria M. Kaltcheva; Richard L. Bowen; Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal; Craig S. Atwood.
Division of the human zygote leads to the formation of the blastocyst that contains human embryonic stem cells (hESC) which develop into the embryo.  Little is known about the physiological signals that direct hESC division and differentiation during early embryogenesis.  A number of growth factors, including the pregnancy-associated hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are secreted by trophoblasts^1-3^ that lie adjacent to the embryoblast in the blastocyst, but it is not known whether these growth factors directly signal the epiblast.  Here we show that hCG promotes the division of embryoblast-derived inner mass cells (hESC), and their differentiation during blastulation and neurulation.  Inhibition of LH/hCG receptor (LHCGR) signaling with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2671/version/1

Reciprocal homeostatic reactions to chronic excitatory synaptic receptor inactivation in developing cerebral cortex networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael A. Corner.
Chronic blockade of actively excitatory glutamatergic synaptic receptors in co-cultured organotypic rodent neocortex explants leads to a compensatory up-regulation of otherwise inactive input channels so as to maintain almost normal levels of ongoing bursts of action potentials. We report here that this homeostatic return of spontaneous (now kainate receptor driven) firing is accompanied by a reciprocal down-regulation of blocked AMPA and NMDA receptors, such that the developing cortical network is protected against becoming hyperactive when those synaptic inputs are again able to transmit normally.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1260/version/2

Control of cell division in the adult brain by heparan sulfates in fractones and vascular basement membranes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frederic Mercier; Vanessa Douet.
Regulation of cell division in adult tissues and organs requires the coordination of growth factors at the surface of potentially-dividing cells in specific anatomic loci named germinal niches. However, the biological components and physiological system that control growth factors in the germinal niches are unknown. In the adult brain, no function has been attributed to fractones, the fractal-shaped extracellular matrix structures located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) next to neural stem and progenitor cells. Here, we show that BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) and FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2) modulate cell division in the SVZ only if the growth factors bind to heparan sulfates localized in fractones and adjoined vascular basement membranes....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5444/version/1

Regrowing the adult brain: NF-&amp;#x3ba;B controls functional circuit formation and tissue homeostasis in the dentate gyrus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yvonne Imielski; Jens C. Schwamborn; Patrick L&amp;#xfc;ningschr&amp;#xf6;r; Peter Heimann; Magdalena Holzberg; Hendrikje Werner; Oliver Leske; Andreas W. P&amp;#xfc;schel; Sylvie Memet; Rolf Heumann; Alain Israel; Christian Kaltschmidt; Barbara Kaltschmidt.
Cognitive decline during aging is correlated with a continuous loss of cells within the brain and especially within the hippocampus, which could be regenerated by adult neurogenesis. Here we show that genetic ablation of NF-&amp;#x3ba;B resulted in severe defects in the neurogenic region (dentate gyrus) of the hippocampus. Despite increased stem cell proliferation, axogenesis, synaptogenesis and neuroprotection were hampered, leading to disruption of the mossy fiber pathway and to atrophy of the dentate gyrus during aging. Here, NF-&amp;#x3ba;B controls the transcription of FOXO1 and PKA, regulating axogenesis. Structural defects culminated in behavioral impairments in pattern separation. Re-activation of NF-&amp;#x3ba;B resulted in integration of newborn...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6096/version/1

Firing statistics and correlations in spiking neurons: a level-crossing approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Laurent Badel.
We present a time-dependent level-crossing theory for linear dynamical systems perturbed by colored Gaussian noise. We apply these results to approximate the firing statistics of conductance-based integrate-and-fire neurons receiving excitatory and inhibitory Poissonian inputs. Analytical expressions are obtained for three key quantities characterizing the neuronal response to time-varying inputs: the mean firing rate, the linear response to sinusoidally-modulated inputs, and the pairwise spike-correlation for neurons receiving correlated inputs. The theory yields tractable results that are shown to accurately match numerical simulations, and provides useful tools for the analysis of interconnected neuronal populations.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6454/version/1

Standard operating procedures (SOP) in experimental stroke research: SOP for middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ulrich Dirnagl; Members of the MCAO-SOP Group.
Recently, systematic reviews have found quantitative evidence that low study quality may have introduced a bias into preclinical stroke research. Monitoring, auditing, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) are already key elements of quality control in randomized clinical trials and will hopefully be widely adopted by preclinical stroke research in the near future. Increasingly, funding bodies and review boards overseeing animal experiments are taking a proactive stance, and demand auditable quality control measures in preclinical research. Every good quality control system is based on its SOPs. This article introduces the concept of quality control and presents for the first time an SOP in experimental stroke research.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3492/version/2

A memoryless, stochastic mechanism of timing of phases of behavior by a neural network controller
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Saaniya Contractor; Nataliya Kozlova; Vladimir Brezina.
For a sensorimotor network to generate adaptive behavior in the environment, the phases of the behavior must be appropriately timed.  When the behavior is driven simply by the sensory stimuli from the environment, these can supply the timing.  But when the behavior is driven by an internal &amp;#x22;goal&amp;#x22; that ignores and perhaps even opposes the immediate sensory stimuli, the timing must be generated internally by the network.  We have modeled a realistic behavioral scenario that requires such internal timing.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;When the sea slug Aplysia feeds, it incrementally ingests long strips of seaweed, driven by ingestive stimuli emanating from the seaweed.  But if, having ingested a strip, the animal fails to break the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2817/version/1

Dendritic spike induction of postsynaptic cerebellar LTP
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marco Canepari; Kaspar E. Vogt.
The architecture of parallel fiber (PF) axons contacting cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) retains spatial information over long distances. PF synapses can trigger local dendritic calcium spikes, but whether and how this calcium signal leads to plastic changes that decode the PF input organization is unknown. By combining voltage and calcium imaging, we show that PF-elicited calcium signals, mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels, increase non-linearly during high-frequency bursts of electrically constant calcium spikes because they locally and transiently saturate the endogenous buffer. We demonstrate that these non-linear calcium signals, independently of NMDA or metabotropic glutamate receptor activation, can induce PF long-term potentiation (LTP)....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2020/version/1

Proteins of the XMRV retrovirus implicated in chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer are homologous to human proteins relevant to both diseases.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher Carter.
The XMRV retrovirus has been implicated in chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer. A homology search comparing retroviral with human proteins revealed short contiguous amino acid strings (typically 5-8 aa) matching human proteins whose dysfunction might be expected to cause fatigue, including mitochondrial proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, glutamate receptors and their synaptic scaffolds, muscular acetylcholine receptor scaffolds and structural proteins, components of the immune system, and phosphatidylinositol signalling inter alia. Viral proteins are also homologous to members of the oestrogen, peroxisome proliferator, and CREB activated receptor networks, all of which are implicated in prostate cancer, and to a protein, SRCAP, that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Immunology; Microbiology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4669/version/1

A functional dissociation of conflict processing within anterior cingulate cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chobok Kim; James Kroger; Jeounghoon Kim.
Goal-directed behavior requires cognitive control to regulate neural processing when conflict is encountered. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been associated with detecting response conflict during conflict tasks. However, recent findings have indicated not only that two distinct subregions of dACC are involved in conflict processing but also that the conflict occurs at both perceptual and response levels. We clarified a functional dissociation of the caudal dACC (cdACC) and the rostral dACC (rdACC) in responding to different sources of conflict. The cdACC was selectively engaged in perceptual conflict whereas the rdACC was more active in response conflict. Further, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was coactivated not with cdACC...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2505/version/1

Can Vision Exist Without Somatosensation?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Manivannan Muniyandi; Pawan Kumar Suresh.
The interconnection between vision and somatosensation is already well-established and is further supplemented by the evolutionary link between eyes and photoreceptors, and the functional connection between photosensation and thermoreception. However, our analysis hypothesizes a possibility that vision is not just linked to somatosensation, but may not exist without somatosensation. Surprisingly, our photoreceptor itself needs somatosensory proteins for its functioning, and our entire visual pathway depends on somatosensory cues for its functioning.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3436/version/1

Looking at the Beginnings: Enquiries about Emergence of Cognition in Evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Walter Riofrio.
Trying to understand when and how the cognitive phenomena arise in evolution continues being a hard problem of confronting. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;One important task is to find the ways in which we will be able to arrive at those explanations that will enable us to understand how living beings put together perceived sensory information as well as how they represent it. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In this presentation, we address some conceptual questions involved in the relationships between sensorial information perceived by brains and its representational capacities. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/413/version/1

Control in technological systems and physical intelligence: an emerging theory
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bradly Alicea.
The transduction and processing of physical information is becoming important in a range of research fields, from the design of materials and virtual environments to the dynamics of cellular microenvironments. Previous approaches such as morphological computation/soft robotics, neuromechanics, and embodiment have provided valuable insight. This work approaches haptic, proprioception, and physical sensing as all part of the same subject. In this presentation, three design criteria for applying physical intelligence to engineering applications will be presented. These criteria have several properties in common, which inspires two types of end-effector model: stochastic (based on a spring) and deterministic (based on a piezomechanical array). The generalized...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5910/version/1

The sound of concepts: The link between auditory and conceptual brain systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Markus Kiefer; Eun-Jin Sim; B&amp;#xe4;rbel Herrnberger; Jo Grothe; Klaus Hoenig.
Concepts in long-term memory are important building blocks of human cognition and are the basis for object recognition, language and thought. While it is well accepted that concepts are comprised of features related to sensory object attributes, it is still unclear how these features are represented in the brain. Of central interest is whether concepts are essentially grounded in perception. This would imply a common neuroanatomical substrate for perceptual and conceptual processing. Here we show using functional magnetic resonance imaging and recordings of event-related potentials that acoustic conceptual features rapidly recruit auditory areas even when implicitly presented through visual words. Recognizing words denoting objects for which acoustic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1216/version/1

Optimal encoding of interval timing in expert percussionists
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Burr; Guido Chicchini; Roberto Arrighi; Marco Giusti; Luca Cecchetti.
We measured temporal reproduction in expert drummers, string-musicians and non-musical subjects. While duration reproduction of the controls showed a characteristic regression to the mean, drummers responded veridically. This behavior is well explained by a model that combines optimally the sensory estimate for duration (more precise in drummers) with a prior, given by the average of the past few trials. These results highlight the efficiency and adaptability of sensori-motor mechanisms estimating temporal duration.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5588/version/1

An offside position in football cannot be detected in zero milliseconds
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Francisco Belda Maruenda.
Errors when judging an offside position in football are very frequent. In the last years, several scientific papers have tried to explain the causes for human errors. When a referee or an assistant referee misjudges an offside position, it is thought to be caused by a human error. A human error means to carry out incorrectly an action we are physiologically qualified for. The hypothesis to be studied in this paper is if when judging an offside position it is possible to attribute errors to humans or to the fact that human physiology and the technical media are not capable of detecting an offside position. The offside rule has to be applied in real time, in zero milliseconds, in the precise moment when the ball is being passed, never 1 millisecond or even 1...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3835/version/1

Cross-modal facilitation of visual and tactile motion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Burr; Giulio Sandini; Monica Gori.
Robust and versatile perception of the world is augmented considerably when information from our five separate sensory systems is combined. Much recent evidence has demonstrated near-optimal integration across senses, but it remains unclear at what level the integration occurs, at a &amp;#x22;sensory&amp;#x22; or &amp;#x22;decisional&amp;#x22; level. Here we show that non-informative &amp;#x22;pedestal&amp;#x22; motion stimuli in one sensory modality (vision or touch) selectively lowers thresholds in the other, to the same degree as pedestals in the same modality: strong evidence for functionally important cross-sensory integration at early levels of sensory processing.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2675/version/1

Neural Information Processing: between synchrony and chaos
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Josep  L. Rossello; Vincent Canals; Antoni Morro.
The brain is characterized by performing many different processing tasks ranging from elaborate processes such as pattern recognition, memory or decision-making to more simple functionalities such as linear filtering in image processing. Understanding the mechanisms by which the brain is able to produce such a different range of cortical operations remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. Some recent empirical and theoretical results support the notion that the brain is naturally poised between ordered and chaotic states. As the largest number of metastable states exists at a point near the transition, the brain therefore has access to a larger repertoire of behaviours. Consequently, it is of high interest to know which type of processing can be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6935/version/1

The Army of One (Sample): the Characteristics of Sampling-based Probabilistic Neural Representations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pietro Berkes; Richard E. Turner; Jozsef Fiser.
There is growing evidence that humans and animals represent the uncertainty associated with sensory stimuli and utilize this uncertainty during planning and decision making in a statistically optimal way. Recently, a nonparametric framework for representing probabilistic information has been proposed whereby neural activity encodes samples from the distribution over external variables. Although such sample-based probabilistic representations have strong empirical and theoretical support, two major issues need to be clarified before they can be considered as viable candidate theories of cortical computation.  First, in a fluctuating natural environment, can neural dynamics provide sufficient samples to accurately estimate a stimulus? Second, can such a code...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5811/version/1

Visualizing classi&amp;#xfb01;cation of natural video sequences using sparse, hierarchical models of cortex.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steven P. Brumby; Michael I. Ham; Will A. Landecker; Garrett Kenyon; Lu&amp;#xed;s  M. A. Bettencourt.
Recent work on hierarchical models of visual cortex has reported state-of-the-art accuracy on whole-scene labeling using&amp;#xa0;natural still imagery. This raises the question of whether the reported accuracy may be due to the sophisticated, non-biological back-end supervised classifiers typically used (support vector machines) and/or the limited number of images used in these experiments. In particular, is &amp;#xb;the model classifying features from the object or the background? Previous work (Landecker, Brumby, et al., COSYNE 2010) proposed tracing the spatial support &amp;#xb;of a classifier&amp;#x2019;s decision back through a hierarchical cortical model to determine which parts of the image contributed to the classification, compared to the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5971/version/1

Mathematical Modeling of the Neuronal Processes in Sugar Addiction
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andre Almeida; Hamed  Celaymanian; Natalie Seel; Boris Zak; Hamid R. Noori.
It has already been demonstrated that the body responds to enhanced intake of sugar and is conducive to a natural form of addiction. There are substantial neurochemical changes in the brain (especially dopamine and acetylcholine&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;systems) similar to other addictive drugs. A mathematical model comprised by a system of delayed leaky integrate-and-&amp;#xc;re equations is established to simulate the eff&amp;#xb;ects of sugar on a reward-circuitry. Simulations with Neuron suggest agreement with the neurobiological hypotheses of hyperactivity of neural systems due to binge sugar intake.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5546/version/1

Mushroom-bodies mediate hierarchical interactions between fact- and skill-learning in _Drosophila_
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bj&amp;#xf6;rn Brembs; Wolfgang Plendl.
Different brain circuits mediate the acquisition of skills and habits (via operant/instrumental learning) and the acquisition of facts (via classical/Pavlovian learning). Realistic learning situations always comprise interactions of skill- and fact-learning components (composite learning). So far, these interactions have escaped thorough scrutiny. Fixed flying _Drosophila melanogaster_ at the torque meter provide one of the very few systems where the relationship of operant and classical predictors in composite learning can be studied with sufficient rigor. Experiments with wildtype, mutant and transgenic flies show that there is an interaction between predictive stimuli (classical component) and goal-directed actions (operant component) which makes...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/905/version/1

Down-regulation of serotonergic genes expression in the raphe nuclei of midbrain under chronic social defeat stress in male mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ul&amp;#x2019;yana A.  Boyarskikh; Natalya P. Bondar; Maxim L. Filipenko; Natalia N. Kudryavtseva.
Background: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;There is ample experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that the brain serotonergic system is involved in the control of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), depression and anxiety. The study aimed to analyze mRNA levels of the serotonergic genes in the raphe nuclei of the midbrain that may be associated with chronic social defeats consistently shown by male mice in special experimental settings. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methodology/Principal Findings: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The serotonergic genes were the Tph2, Sert, Maoa and Htr1a. The Bdnf, Creb, Cphn, Gapdh, Hprt, B2M, 18S and Actb genes were also studied. The experimental groups were composed of male mice with experience of defeats in 21 daily encounters and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6543/version/1

Endogenous human brain dynamics recover slowly following cognitive effort
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Suckling; Anna Barnes; Ed Bullmore.
In functional magnetic resonance imaging, the brain&amp;#x27;s response to experimental cognitive tasks is usually assumed to be independent of endogenous oscillations. To test this assumption, we measured fractal scaling of fMRI time-series before and after a working memory task. Prolonged and task difficulty-related changes in post-task &amp;#x27;resting&amp;#x27; data suggest that brain dynamics recover slowly from cognitive effort, contrary to the reflexive model that background oscillations are independent of task performance.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2665/version/1

Mobile Image Ratiometry: A New Method for Instantaneous Analysis of Rapid Test Strips
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donald  C. Cooper; Bryan Callahan; Phil  Callahan; Lee  Burnett.
Here we describe Mobile Image Ratiometry (MIR), a new method for the automated quantification of standardized rapid immunoassay strips using consumer-based mobile smartphone and tablet cameras. To demonstrate MIR we developed a standardized method using rapid immunotest strips directed against cocaine (COC) and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE). We performed image analysis of three brands of commercially available dye-conjugated anti-COC/BE antibody test strips in response to three different series of cocaine concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 300 ng/ml and BE concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 0.1 ng/ml. These data were then used to create standard curves to allow quantification of COC/BE in biological samples. MIR quantification of COC and BE...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6827/version/1

A new functional role for lateral inhibition in the striatum: Pavlovian conditioning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Patrick Connor; Thomas Trappenberg.
The striatum has long been implicated in reinforcement learning and has been suggested by several neurophysiological studies as the substrate for encoding the reward value of stimuli. Reward prediction error (RPE) has been used in several basal ganglia models as the underlying learning signal, which leads to Pavlovian conditioning abilities that can be simulated by the Rescorla-Wagner model.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Lateral inhibition between striatal projection neurons was once thought to have a winner-take-all function, useful in selecting between possible actions. However, it has been noted that the necessary reciprocal connections for this interpretation are too few, and the relative strength of these synaptic connections is weak. Still,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5986/version/1

The modulation of alpha-wave amplitude in human EEG by the intention to act with a motor response
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kuno Kirschfeld.
The most conspicuous signal in the human EEG is the so-called alpha wave, oscillations in the frequency range of 8 to 12 Hz. Visual stimulation of the retina suppresses the amplitude of alpha waves (Berger effect), and increased attention can reduce them. Here I show that one more parameter significantly affects the amplitudes of alpha waves: the intention to act by a motor response. Together with data from the literature, these results show that alpha waves are not part of the visual processing network but rather part of a long-range neuromodulatory network. The modulation modifies latencies in perception or motor response. The relevant mechanisms are located in early cortical visual areas; their activity may contribute to hemodynamic changes in these...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3720/version/1

Money handling influences BMI: a survey of cashiers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shraddha Karve; Ketaki Shurpali; Neelesh Dahanukar; Maithili Jog; Milind Watve.
Money is a recent phenomenon in the evolutionary history of man and therefore no separate brain centre to handle money is likely to have evolved. The brain areas activated by food reward and money reward are extensively overlapping. In an experimental set-up, hunger was demonstrated to influence money related decisions and money related thoughts to influence hunger. This suggests that the brain areas evolved for handling food related emotions are exapted to handle money and therefore there could be a neuronal cross-talk between food and money. If this is true then attitude and behavior related to money and wealth could influence obesity. We conducted a survey of 211 individuals working as full time cashiers in order to test whether ownership over the cash,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2708/version/1

mGluR5 knockout mice exhibit normal conditioned place-preference to cocaine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Melissa  A. Fowler; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald C. Cooper.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) null mutant (-/-) mice have been reported to totally lack the reinforcing or locomotor stimulating effects of cocaine. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for their locomotor and conditioned place- preference response to cocaine. Unlike the previous finding, here we show that compared to mGluR5 +/+ mice, -/- mice exhibit no difference in the locomotor response to low to moderate doses of cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg). A high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg) resulted in a blunted rather than absent locomotor response. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for conditioned place-preference to cocaine and found no group differences at a conditioning dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting normal conditioned rewarding properties of cocaine. These...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6180/version/2

Anterior Olfactory Nucleus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Beth M. Solan; Lydia L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse data set. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the AON were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the olfactory areas, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The genes with the highest ranking selectivity ratios were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression characterization. The experimental data for each gene may be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2093/version/1

Snca and Bdnf gene expression in the VTA and raphe nuclei of midbrain in chronically victorious and defeated male mice
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Natalia N. Kudryavtseva; Natalia P. Bondar; Ul&amp;#x27;yana A. Boyarskikh; Maxim L. Filipenko.
The study aimed to analyze the mRNA levels of Snca and Bdnf genes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and raphe nuclei of the midbrain in male mice that had each won or defeated 20 encounters in daily agonistic interactions. Groups of animals that had the same winning and losing track record followed by a no-fight period for 14 days were also studied. Snca mRNA levels were increased in the raphe nuclei in the losers and in the VTA of the winners. After fighting deprivation Snca mRNA levels were decreased to the control level in both groups. Snca mRNA levels were similar to the control level in the VTA of the losers and in the raphe nuclei of the winners. However Snca gene expression was increased in these areas after no-fight period in the winners and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4327/version/1

Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is TH17 related autoimmune disease against misfolded beta amyloid
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wan-Jiung(Wan-Chung) Hu.
Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder. However, its exact etiology is still unknown. There were several mechanisms proposed such as the tau hypothesis and amyloid hypothesis. However, there is evidence challenging the above two hypotheses. Here, I propose the immune-amyloid hypothesis as a mechanism for Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. Th17 related autoimmunity contributes to the disease pathogenesis. Accumulation of misfolded beta amyloid can trigger heat shock protein which in turn induces TH17 immunity. By microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, there is up-regulation of many TH17 related molecules after Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. After knowing the exact disease pathogenesis, we can develop new...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5934/version/2

Word Activation Forces Map Word Networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jun Guo; Hanliang Guo; Zhanyi Wang.
Words associate with each other in a manner of intricate clusters^1-3^. Yet the brain capably encodes the complex relations into workable networks^4-7^ such that the onset of a word in the brain automatically and selectively activates its associates, facilitating language understanding and generation^8-10^. One believes that the activation strength from one word to another forges and accounts for the latent structures of the word networks. This implies that mapping the word networks from brains to computers^11,12^, which is necessary for various purposes^1,2,13-15^, may be achieved through modeling the activation strengths. However, although a lot of investigations on word activation effects have been carried out^8-10,16-20^, modeling the activation...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5764/version/1

The Attentional Routing Circuit: Receptive Field Modulation Through Nonlinear Dendritic Interactions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bruce Bobier; Terrence C. Stewart; Chris Eliasmith.
We present a model of attentional routing called the Attentional Routing Circuit (ARC) that extends an existing model of spiking neurons with dendritic nonlinearities. Specifically, we employ the Poirazi et al. (2003) pyramidal neuron in a population coding framework. ARC demonstrates that the dendritic nonlinearities can be exploited to result in selective routing, with a decrease in the number of cells needed by a factor of ~5 as compared with a linear dendrite model.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Routing of attended information occurs through the modulation of feedforward visual signals by a cortical control signal specifying the location and size of the attended target. The model is fully specified in spiking single cells.  Our approach differs...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5817/version/1

A new approach to the spatio-temporal pattern identification in neuronal multi-electrode registrations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Federico Esposti; Jacopo Lamanna; Maria Gabriella Signorini.
A lot of methods were created in last decade for the spatio-temporal analysis of multi-electrode array (MEA) neuronal data sets. All these methods were implemented starting from a channel to channel analysis, with a great computational effort and  onerous spatial pattern recognition task. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Our idea is to approach the MEA data collection from a different point of view, i.e. considering all channels simultaneously. We transform the 2D plus time MEA signal in a mono-dimensional plus time signal and elaborate it as a normal 1D signal, using the Space-Amplitude Transform method. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;This geometrical transformation is completely invertible and allows to employ very fast processing algorithms. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1306/version/1

In vitro synergistic anti-prion effect of cholesterol ester modulators
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christina Doriana Orr&amp;#xf9;; Maria Dolores  Cannas; Sarah Vascellari; Fabrizio Angius; Pier Luigi  Cocco; Claudia Norfo; Antonella Mandas; Paolo La Colla; Sandra Dess&amp;#xec;; Alessandra Pani.
Background. Our studies on the role of cholesterol in prion infection/replication showed that brains and peripheral cells of sheep susceptible to or suffering from Scrapie were characterized by an altered cholesterol homeostasis compared to animals with a scrapie-resistant genotype, and that drugs influencing cholesterol esterification were endowed with selective anti-prion activity in N2a cell lines infected with the 22L and RML prion strains. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results. In prion-infected N2a cell lines we now report increased anti-prion activity of dual-drug combinations consisting of cholesterol ester modulators associated with prion inhibitors Synergism was obtained with the cholesterol ester modulators everolimus, pioglitazone, progesterone, and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Microbiology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3883/version/1

On optical detection of densely labeled synapses in neuropil and mapping  connectivity with combinatorially multiplexed fluorescent synaptic markers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuriy Mishchenko.
We propose a new method for mapping neural connectivity optically, by utilizing  Cre/Lox system Brainbow to tag synapses of different  neurons with random  mixtures of different  fluorophores, such as GFP, YFP, etc., and then detecting patterns of fluorophores at different synapses using light microscopy (LM). Such patterns will immediately report the pre- and post-synaptic cells at each synaptic connection, without tracing neural projections from individual synapses to corresponding cell bodies. We simulate fluorescence from a population of densely labeled synapses in a block of hippocampal neuropil, completely reconstructed from electron microscopy data, and show that high-end LM is able to detect such patterns with over 95% accuracy. We conclude,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4144/version/1

Evidence for gliadin antibodies as causative agents in schizophrenia.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chris J. Carter.
Antibodies to gliadin, a component of gluten, have frequently been reported in schizophrenia. Highly immunogenic B cell epitopes along its length are homologous to numerous proteins relevant to schizophrenia, including members of the DISC1 interactome, glutamate, dopamine and neuregulin signaling networks, and plasticity or myelination pathways. Antibodies to gliadin may cross react with these key proteins, as has already been observed with synapsin 1 and calreticulin. Gliadin may thus be a causative agent in schizophrenia, under certain genetic and immunological conditions, producing its effects via antibody mediated knockdown of multiple proteins relevant to the disease process. Because of such homology, an autoimmune response may be sustained by the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5351/version/1

Endogenous Viral Etiology of Prion Diseases
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Claudiu I. Bandea.
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, are a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders, including Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, &amp;#x201c;mad cow&amp;#x201d; disease in cattle, and scrapie in sheep. This paper presents structural, genetic, and evolutionary evidence supporting an endogenous TSE virus model that integrates the three major traditional views on the nature of TSE pathogens, the conventional virus view, the prion hypothesis, and the virino concept, into a novel conceptual and evolutionary framework. According to this model, the TSE pathogens are symbiotic endogenous viruses that inadvertently produce transmissible viral particles that lack the viral genome and are composed primarily of the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Microbiology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3887/version/1

Real-time imaging of the medullary circuitry involved in the generation of spontaneous muscle sympathetic nerve activity in awake human subjects
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vaughan Macefield; Luke Henderson.
In order to understand the central neural processes involved in blood pressure regulation we recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) via a tungsten microelectrode in the common peroneal nerve while performing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the brainstem at 3T. Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) changes in signal intensity were measured over 4 s every 8 s (200) volumes. Using the MSNA as the input model, we found that increases in sympathetic outflow were associated with robust increases in signal intensity in the region of the rostal ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Reciprocal decreases in signal intensity occurred in the regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). We show for the first...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2356/version/1

Literature Triage and Indexing in the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) Group
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Randal P. Babiuk; Dale A. Begley; Susan M. Bello; Dirck W. Bradt; Donna L. Burkart; Howard Dene; Alexander D. Diehl; Harold J. Drabkin; Jacqueline H. Finger; Terry F. Hayamizu; David P. Hill; Michelle Knowlton; Debra M. Krupke; Ira Lu; Lois J. Maltais; Monica McAndrews-Hill; Terrence F. Meehan; Li Ni; Hiroaki Onda; Dmitry Sitnikov; Constance M. Smith; Cynthia L. Smith; Monika Tomczuk.
The Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI; &amp;#x22;http://www.informatics.jax.org&amp;#x22;:http://www.informatics.jax.org) group is comprised of several collaborating projects including the Mouse Genome Database (MGD) Project, the Gene Expression Database (GXD) Project, the Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB) Database Project, and the Gene Ontology (GO) Project. Literature identification and collection is performed cooperatively amongst the groups.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In recent years many institutional libraries have transitioned from a focus largely on print holdings to one of electronic access to journals. This change has necessitated adaptation on the part of the MGI curatorial group. Whereas the majority of journals covered by the group used to be...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3246/version/1

Selective loss of GABAB receptors in orexin/hypocretin-producing neurons results in disrupted sleep/wakefulness architecture
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Takeshi Sakurai; Taizo Matsuki; Hitomi Takahira; Noriko Hirashima; Thomas Kilduff; Satoshi Kunita; Satoru Takahashi; Ken-ichi Yagami; Bernard Bettler; Masashi Yanagisawa; Mika Nomiyama.
We generated mice with a selective loss of GABAB receptors in orexin neurons. Orexin neurons in these GABAB1&amp;#x3c;sup&amp;#x3e;-/-(orexin)&amp;#x3c;/sup&amp;#x3e; mice showed reduced responsiveness to GABA&amp;#x3c;sub&amp;#x3e;A&amp;#x3c;/sub&amp;#x3e; receptor agonists due to a compensatory increase in GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition. This increased GABA&amp;#x3c;sub&amp;#x3e;A&amp;#x3c;/sub&amp;#x3e; receptor-mediated inhibition of orexin neurons is due to orexin-1 receptor-mediated activation of local GABAergic interneurons. Surprisingly, orexin neurons were also less responsive to glutamate, apparently because the augmented GABA&amp;#x3c;sub&amp;#x3e;A&amp;#x3c;/sub&amp;#x3e; receptor-mediated inhibition increases the membrane conductance and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1195/version/1

High Resolution Imaging of the Fusiform Face Area (FFA) Using Nonlinear Classifiers Shows Diagnosticity for Nonface Categories
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Stephen Hanson; Arielle Schmidt.
How are objects represented in the human visual pathway? This question continues to elude the neuroimaging field due to at least two kinds of problems: first, the relatively low spatial resolution of fMRI and second, the bias inherent in prevailing statistical methods for analyzing the actual diagnosticity of cortical tissue. We collected high-resolution (1mm x 1mm) imaging data of the fusiform face area (FFA) from 4 subjects while they categorized images as &amp;#x27;animal&amp;#x27;, &amp;#x27;car&amp;#x27;, &amp;#x27;face&amp;#x27;, or &amp;#x27;sculpture.&amp;#x27; We performed exploratory analysis to determine the nature of the distributions over classes and the similarity structure between classes. The FFA was visualized using nonmetric...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2235/version/1

When Spandrels Become Arches: Neural crosstalk and the evolution of consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Once cognition is recognized as having a &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information source, the information theory chain rule implies that isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to the rapid, shifting global neural broadcasts of consciousness. The argument is quite analogous to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in neurons and neuronal subsystems. Astrobiological implications are obvious.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6115/version/1

1st INCF Workshop on Sustainability of Neuroscience Databases
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jack Van Horn; Jaap van Pelt.
The goal of the workshop was to discuss issues related to the sustainability of neuroscience databases, identify problems and propose solutions, and formulate recommendations to the INCF. The report summarizes the discussions of invited participants from the neuroinformatics community as well as from other disciplines where sustainability issues have already been approached. The recommendations for the INCF involve rating, ranking, and supporting database sustainability.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1983/version/1

Herbal Drugs in Mirror of Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Kerstin Nagel; David E. Garfin; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts may lack specificity as to the binding of copper and zinc ions in human cells. This might be the reason why Ginkgo extracts have no predictable and clinically significant benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment. A novel generation of herbal drugs is proposed as antioxidant and metal chelator in the treatment of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3334/version/1

Optimal Population Coding, Revisited
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Philipp Berens; Alexander S. Ecker; Sebastian Gerwinn; Andreas S. Tolias; Matthias Bethge.
Cortical circuits perform the computations underlying rapid perceptual decisions within a few dozen milliseconds with each neuron emitting only a few spikes. Under these conditions, the theoretical analysis of neural population codes is challenging, as the most commonly used theoretical tool &amp;#x2013; Fisher information &amp;#x2013; can lead to erroneous conclusions about the optimality of different coding schemes. Here we revisit the effect of tuning function width and correlation structure on neural population codes based on ideal observer analysis in both a discrimination and reconstruction task. We show that the optimal tuning function width and the optimal correlation structure in both paradigms strongly depend on the available decoding time in a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5513/version/1

Elevated central serotonin levels inhibit emotional crying
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frederik van der Veen; Joyce Jorritsma; Carola Krijger; Ad Vingerhoets.
Previous research has suggested a possible role of serotonin in emotional expressions, such as crying. We have found that a transient increase of central serotonin levels by means of oral administration of paroxetine reduces crying in response to emotional movies in healthy female volunteers. This is the first direct evidence of an important role of serotonin in this uniquely human emotional response.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5136/version/1

Ventral Posterior Complex of the Thalamus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Beth M. Solan; Lydia L. Ng; John A. Morris.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the ventral posterior complex of the thalamus (VP), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in-situ hybridization (ISH) mouse data set.  The structure&amp;#x2019;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas.  Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the VP were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the thalamus, for the purpose of extracting regionally specific gene expression data. The highest ranking ratios were then manually curated and verified.  The 50 Select Genes were compiled for expression characterization.  The experimental data for each gene may be accessed via...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2055/version/1

Biological resource catalog: NIF and NeuroLex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Anita E. Bandrowski.
In the digital age one can find data and teaching materials on the web, however data and materials of a high quality are not always ranked very high on commercial search engines that look at the number of other sites that link to a page rather than the quality of the information. Additionally, many such materials are maintained within databases that are inaccessible to search technology. To solve these problems, the Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF: http://www.neuinfo.org) was created to aid the neuroscience community to discover useful digital resources, such as academic databases, and it has also developed a large digital catalog of resources that are related to neuroscience.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;NIF has developed a &amp;#x201c;resource...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6238/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant proteins, plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/9

Accurate telemonitoring of Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s disease progression by non-invasive speech tests
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Athanasios Tsanas; Max A. Little; Patrick E. McSharry; Lorraine O. Ramig.
Tracking Parkinson&amp;#x27;s disease (PD) symptom progression often uses the Unified Parkinson&amp;#x2019;s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), which requires the patient&amp;#x27;s presence in clinic, and time-consuming physical examinations by trained medical staff. Thus, symptom monitoring is costly and logistically inconvenient for patient and clinical staff alike, also hindering recruitment for future large-scale clinical trials. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate rapid, remote replication of UPDRS assessment with clinically useful accuracy (about 7.5 UPDRS points difference from the clinicians&amp;#x2019; estimates), using only simple, self-administered, and non-invasive speech tests. We characterize speech with signal processing algorithms,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3920/version/1

Electrocortical activity can predict pianist&amp;#x27;s proficiency
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Malcolm M. H. Mills.
Electro-cortical changes associated with learning and performing were investigated in eighteen pianists over three closely-spaced performances of sight-reading a novel music score. Six musical criteria were assessed: right hand errors, left hand errors, rhythmic errors, speed accuracy, fluency, and musical expression. These skills correlated specifically to electrical rhythms of 8.5-10.5 cycles per second near the sensory-motor cortex and the supplementary area. The correlations progressively reduced with each performance as it improved and learning occurred. Further, these electro-cortical potentials can predict the quality of performer and performance at the same or later occasion based on the same or different skill. Understanding this physiology will...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2477/version/1

Neuron impairment or loss in brain may be responsible for type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xiang Zheng; Xue Zhou.
Type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension are both very common chronic diseases. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with hypertension, but the exact causes of them are unknown. Here, based on recent investigations, we will look at the pathogenesis of these two diseases in a new light.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4187/version/1

Modularity maps reveal community structure in the resting human brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Paul Laurienti; Christina Hugenschmidt; Satoru Hayasaka.
The brain is a complex network of interconnecting neurons that combines regional specificity with distributed processing. Recent advances in the field of network theory have facilitated ground-breaking analyses demonstrating that brain connectivity exhibits small-world properties similar to other self-organized networks such as the internet, the genome, or even social organizations. Brain connectivity supports local and global processing through high clustering and short connectivity paths, respectively. While these comprehensive network indices highlight the global organization of the network, the regional specificity is related to the interconnectivity of local neighborhoods within the global system. The work presented here evaluated the community...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3069/version/1

A Targeted Therapeutic Rescues Botulinum Toxin-A Poisoned Neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Prabhati Ray; Bal Ram Singh; Radharaman Ray; Peng Zhang; Dan Li; James Keller; Michael Adler.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a Category A biothreat agent, is the most potent poison known to mankind. Currently no antidote is available to rescue poisoned synapses. BoNT acts specifically by blocking neurotransmission primarily at peripheral nerve-muscle junctions causing severe flaccid muscle paralysis, which is fatal if proper medical care is not provided. The neurotoxin acts by specifically entering the presynaptic nerve endings where it interferes with the biochemical machinery involved in the process of neurotransmitter release, i.e., neuroexocytosis. Most serotypes of BoNT are known to remain active for weeks to months after entering the nerves, but BoNT/A is the most potent and long lasting in causing muscle paralysis. An effective medical...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2149/version/1

Orienting Attention Based on Long-Term Memory Improves Perceptual Discriminations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: E. Zita Patai; Jennifer Summerfield; Anling Rao; Anna C. Nobre.
The role of attentional orienting in daily life is to selectively deploy both behavioural and neural resources towards events, based on continually changing task goals and expectations, in order to optimize performance. In the following experiment, we show that attentional orienting is influenced by long-term memories in a perceptual discrimination task. In the learning phase, participants were trained on 120 ecologically valid natural scenes, of which 80 contained a target. Their task was to locate the target (a small key) on the screen by clicking on it with the mouse. One or two days later, participants completed a cued perceptual discrimination task. The same scenes that were studied before, but without any targets,  were presented as cues (50 ms...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2960/version/1

Dynamic reorganization of the middle fusiform gyrus: long-term bird expertise predicts decreased face selectivity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chun-Chia Kung; Colin Ellis; Michael J. Tarr.
What is the functional relationship between face-selective and expertise-predicated object-selective regions in the human middle fusiform gyrus? In two separate fMRI experiments, superior behaviorally-measured bird expertise predicts both higher middle fusiform gyrus selectivity for birds and, concomitantly, lower selectivity for faces. This finding suggests a long-term dynamic reorganization of the neural mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of faces and non-face.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2467/version/1

Evaluation and Validation of clinical 4.23 T sodium MRI in animals and human: Application of oblique multi-slice spin-echo pulse sequence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rakesh Sharma; Jose Katz.
Objective: Application of high-field 4.23 T MRI clinical imager was demonstrated for sodium-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquisition. Primary hypothesis: Sodium [Na] in brain is MR visible. Secondary hypothesis was, if, application of multislice spin echo (MSSE) pulse sequence at selected scan parameters can sufficiently visualize the total sodium signal as indicator of sub-clinical activity. Material and Methods: MSSE pulse sequence technique was used to simulate sodium images of human brain. For validation purpose, inversion recovery pulse sequence was validated by optimization of scan inversion time (TI). Phantom of sodium and rat brain were imaged. Sodium images were validated and compared with proton MRI images. Results: MSSE pulse technique...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2856/version/1

Positive and Negative Congruency Effects in Masked Priming: A Neuro-computational Model Based on Representation Strength and Attention
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ahmad Sohrabi; Robert L. West.
Positive priming effects have been found with a short time between the prime and the target, while negative priming effects (i.e., a congruent prime causes longer RTs) have been found with a long time between the prime and the target. In the current study, positive and negative priming effects were found using stimuli that have strong and weak representations, respectively, without changing the time between prime and target. A model was developed that fits our results. The model also fits a wide range of previous results in this area. In contrast to other approaches our model depends on attentional neuro-modulation not motor self-inhibition.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2415/version/1

Decrease of vanillin sucrose intake by victorious and defeated mice: development of anhedonia?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Natalia N. Kudryavtseva; Natalia P. Bondar; Irina L. Kovalenko; Damira F. Avgustinovich.
Hedonic reactions to various rewards play a key role in various forms of motivated behavior. The influence of repeated experience of social victories or defeats in daily agonistic interactions between male mice on voluntary consumption of vanillin sucrose solution used as hedonic reinforcer was studied. Intake of vanillin sucrose solution was shown to decrease in the winners and losers exposed to social confrontations as compared with the controls. Three days of deprivation failed to restore the intake of vanillin sucrose solution to the control level in the losers and did so in the winners. The results obtained imply that similar reaction of animals to a hedonic non-drug reinforcer may have different motivational origin depending on positive or negative...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/988/version/1

INCF Lithuanian Workshop on Neuroscience and Information Technology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Au&amp;#x161;ra Saudargiene.
The aim of this workshop was to give a current overview of neuroscience and informatics research in Lithuania, and to discuss the strategies for forming the Lithuanian Neuroinformatics Node and becoming a member of INCF. The workshop was organized by Dr. Au&amp;#x161;ra Saudargiene (Department of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, and Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Lithuania) and INCF.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The workshop was attended by 15 invited speakers, among them 4 guests and 11 Lithuanian neuroscientists, and over 20 participants. The workshop was organized into three main sessions: overview of the INCF activities including the Swedish and UK nodes of INCF; presentations on Neuroscience research carried out in Lithuania;...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6931/version/1

Millisecond-scale differences in neural activity in auditory cortex can drive decisions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yang Yang; Michael R. DeWeese; Gonzalo Otazu; Anthony M. Zador.
Neurons in the auditory cortex can lock with millisecond precision to the fine timing&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;of acoustic stimuli, but it is not known whether this precise spike timing can be used&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;to guide decisions. We used chronically implanted microelectrode pairs to stimulate&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;neurons in the rat auditory cortex directly. Here we demonstrate that rats can&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;exploit differences in the timing of cortical activity as short as three milliseconds to&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;guide decisions.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2280/version/1

Where is the &amp;#x2018;Jennifer Aniston neuron&amp;#x2019;?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dorian Aur; Peter N. Steinmetz.
It is generally believed that spike timing features (firing rate, ISI) are the main characteristics that can be related to neural code. Contrary to this common belief, spike directivity, a new measure that quantifies transient charge density dynamics within action potentials (APs) provides better results in discriminating different categories of visual object recognition. Specifically, intracranial recordings from medial temporal lobe (MTL) of epileptic patients have been analyzed using firing rate, interspike intervals and spike directivity. A comparative statistical analysis of the same spikes from four selected neurons shows that electrical micro-mapped features in neurons display higher separability to input images compared to spike timing features. If...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5345/version/1

Nicotinic &amp;#x3b1;7 acetylcholine receptor-mediated currents are not modulated by the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid in adult hippocampal interneurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter  Dobelis; Andrew L. Varnell; Kevin J. Staley; Donald  C. Cooper.
The &amp;#xa0;tryptophan &amp;#xa0;metabolite, &amp;#xa0;kynurenic &amp;#xa0;acid (KYNA), &amp;#xa0;is &amp;#xa0;classically &amp;#xa0;known &amp;#xa0;to &amp;#xa0;be &amp;#xa0;an antagonist &amp;#xa0;of ionotropic&amp;#xa0;glutamate&amp;#xa0;receptors. Within the last decade several reports have been published suggesting that KYNA also blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the &amp;#x3b1;7 subunit (&amp;#x3b1;7*).  Most of these reports involve either indirect measurements of KYNA effects on &amp;#x3b1;7 nAChR function, or are reports of KYNA effects in complicated in vivo systems. &amp;#xa0;However, a recent report investigating KYNA interactions with &amp;#x3b1;7 nAChRs failed to detect an interaction using direct measurements of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6277/version/1

Neural Substrates of Chronic Pain in the Thalamocortical Circuit
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Antonio G. Zippo; Riccardo M. Storchi; Maurizio Valente; Gian Carlo Caramenti; Gabriele E. M. Biella.
Chronic pain (CP), a pathological condition with a large repertory of signs and symptoms, has no recognizable neural functional common hallmark shared by its diverse expressions. The aim of the present research was to identify potential dynamic markers shared in CP models, by using simultaneous electrophysiological extracellular recordings from the rat ventrobasal thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex. We have been able to extract a neural signature attributable solely to CP, independent from of the originating conditions. This study showed disrupted functional connectivity and increased redundancy in firing patterns in CP models versus controls, and interpreted these signs as a neural signature of CP. In a clinical perspective, we envisage CP as...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6548/version/1

Cortical responses reflecting inhibition of return (IOR): a magnetoencephalographic study
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Akiko Hashimoto; Yasuyuki Takeshima; Koji Inui; Ryusuke Kakigi.
Inhibition of return (IOR) is a phenomenon whereby the reaction time (RT) to detect a second stimulus (target) presented at the same location as the first stimulus (cue) is longer than when the target is presented at an un-cued location. In the present study, we investigated cortical activities under a standard IOR paradigm by recording visual evoked magnetic fields (VEFs). In Experiment 1, subjects directed their attention to the target at the periphery of the screen and the RT was measured. In Experiment 2, they paid attention to the center of the screen and the RT was not measured. In both experiments, the peak latency of the major deflection of VEFs in the occipito-temporal area was greater for the cued target than un-cued target. This is the first...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2063/version/1

Respiratory, postural and spatio-kinetic motor stabilization, internal models, top-down timed motor coordination and expanded cerebello-cerebral circuitry: a review
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John R. Skoyles.
Human dexterity, bipedality, and song/speech vocalization in Homo are reviewed within a motor evolution perspective in regard to &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(i) brain expansion in cerebello-cerebral circuitry, &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(ii) enhanced predictive internal modeling of body kinematics, body kinetics and action organization, &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(iii) motor mastery due to prolonged practice, &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(iv) task-determined top-down, and accurately timed feedforward motor adjustment of multiple-body/artifact elements, and &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(v) reduction in automatic preflex/spinal reflex mechanisms that would otherwise restrict such top-down processes. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Dual-task interference and developmental neuroimaging...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2092/version/1

Men fear other men most: Gender specific brain activations in perceiving threat from dynamic faces and bodies. An fMRI study.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Beatrice de Gelder; Swann Pichon; Mariska Kret; Julie Grezes.
We report a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment showing different activation patterns as a function of threatening signals from facial or bodily expressions and these differed between male and female participants as a function of male and female actors. Male observers showed a clear motor preparation response to threatening male body language.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4801/version/1

Maximization of learning speed in motor cortex due to neuron redundancy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ken Takiyama; Masato Okada.
Many kinds of redundancies play important roles in the motor system. Many combinations of muscle activity can generate an identical movement. One of the functional and computational roles of this muscle redundancy is to control joint impedance for stabilizing movements against applied external perturbation. Many combinations of joint angles can yield an identical fingertip position. A functional and computational role of this kinematic redundancy is to ensure motor accuracy, if a joint angle is perturbed, by adjusting redundant ones. Neurons are overwhelmingly more numerous than muscles in our motor system. However, an open question remains as to what the functional and computational roles of this neuron redundancy are. To generate desired motor commands,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5867/version/1

Sensory adaptation in the light of information and energy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nikon Rasumov; Jeremy Niven; Michael Baker; Simon Laughlin.
Signal processing in neurons is constrained by internal noise and energy consumption. Neural systems often invest energy in amplifying signals to protect them against internal noise. There is no general expression for the trade-off between energy and information, because it is strongly dependent on the properties of signal, noise and underlying mechanism. We present the first analysis of this energy-information trade-off in a specific system, the R1-6 photoreceptors of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina. These photoreceptors adapt to light level by adjusting their transduction gain (number of light-gated channels opened per photon) and potassium conductance. By combining experimental measures of photoreceptor impedances, transfer functions and signal quality...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5805/version/1

Stress impairs decision-making in rats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lauren K. Jones; Taejib Yoon; Jeansok J. Kim.
Stress influences various types of memory, but its effects on other cognitive functions are relatively unknown. We investigated the effects of uncontrollable stress on subsequent decision-making in rats, using a computer vision-based water foraging choice task. Stress impaired the animals&amp;#x27; ability to bias their responses toward the larger reward when transitioning from equal to unequal quantities, and this stress effect was dependent on the amygdala.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2923/version/1

Are men evolutionarily wired to love the &amp;#x22;Easy&amp;#x22; buttons?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Irina Trofimova.
Men&amp;#x27;s drive for group control and power appears to be an evolutionary inheritance, but it is females, and not males, who developed better abilities for prolonged control and group interaction while males have higher rates of ADHD and autism. This contradictory allocation of sex-related abilities describes the observable behavior, but not the internal meaning attribution leading to the motivation of men and women. Our study in Canada, China and Russia shows that men estimate power- and status-related concepts in significantly more positive terms than women, but give significantly more negative estimations to work-related and reality-related concepts. Men also have a consistent tendency to estimate concepts as less real (even...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5562/version/1

Optogenetics in primates: monkey see monkey look
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mehrdad Jazayeri; Zachary Lindbloom-Brown; Gregory Horwitz.
Optogenetics has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the neural basis of simple behaviors in rodents and small animals. In the primate model, however, optogenetics has had limited utility because optical methods have not been able to drive behavior. Here, we report that monkeys reliably shift their gaze toward the receptive field of optically driven channelrhodopsin-2-expressing V1 neurons. This result establishes optogenetics as a viable means for the causal analysis of behavior in the primate model.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6736/version/1

Kinetic model based on molecular mechanism for action potential
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lizhong Xu.
The Hodgkin-Huxley model for action potentials has been widely used but was not built on a microscopic description of the neuronal membrane. Through molecular dynamics simulations, the molecular mechanism of the channel currents is becoming clear. However, the quantitative link between molecular mechanism and action potential remains to be elucidated. Here, a kinetic model for action potential based on the molecular mechanism of the channel currents is proposed. Using it, the experimental observations about action potential are reproduced quantitatively and explained based on molecular mechanism. We find that the accumulation of Na+ ions near exit of the electivity filter is the dominant event to cause the refractory period of the Na+ channel and the types...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5697/version/1

Sensory Transduction and Subjective Experience: Expression of eight genes in three senses suggests a radical model of consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chris C. King.
Recent research into whole genome mapping of the mouse brain has made possible direct investigation of the brain expression of unusual genes. A search of the Allen Brain Atlas database has provided genetic and neuro-anatomical evidence for widespread specific expression in the brain of eight genes specific to sensory transduction, in vision, hearing and touch. A novel biophysical model is proposed for the function of these proteins, in generating the internal model of experiential reality.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1473/version/1

Pathogenesis of AD is similar to that of uremic encephalopathy of Homocysteic acid.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tohru Hasegawa; Masayoshi Ichiba; Takeshi Tabira.
Homocysteic acid (HA) has been established as a pathogen in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD) in 3xTg-AD model mice. However, it is not established whether HA is involved in the AD pathogenesis in humans. We investigated the relationship between urinary HA levels and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in patients with AD (n = 110, normal =22, AD=88) and found a positive, statistically significant relationship between the two variables (r = 0.39, p =0.00003, n = 110). This relationship was stronger in females. (r = 0.47, p = 0.00008, n = 65 in females; r = 0.39, p = 0.02, n =45 in males). The difference in the urinary HA level between normal and AD females was statistically significant (normal:18.4 + 10.6vsAD: 9.1 + 7.2 mM,p&amp;#x3c;0.01), but...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5833/version/1

Anhedonia in the shadow of chronic social defeat stress, or When the experimental context matters
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Natalia P. Bondar; Irina L. Kovalenko; Damira F. Avgustinovich; Dmitry A. Smagin; Natalia N. Kudryavtseva.
One of the core symptoms of major depression in human is anhedonia. For that reason, one of the main requirements towards experimental depression models is that they be able to demonstrate anhedonia in animals, that have been exposed to stressful events, and other behavioral changes attributable to a depression-like state. However, the results presented in the literature are contradictory: sweet solution intake, which is considered as a parameter of hedonic/anhedonic behavior in animals, responds quite differently to stressful situations in that it is either unaffected or increased or decreased. Different experimental designs used for the study of anhedonia in male mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress were tried to understand the reasons for so...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2682/version/1

Sequential Allocation and Balancing Prognostic Factors in a Psychiatric Clinical Trial
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Victor Fossaluza; Juliana B. Diniz; Basilio B. Pereira; Euripedes C. Miguel; Carlos  A. B. Pereira.
In controlled clinical trials, each of several prognostic factors should be balanced across the trial arms. Traditional restricted randomization may be proved inadequate especially with small sample sizes. In psychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), small trials prevail. Therefore, procedures to minimize the chance of imbalance between treatment arms are advisable. This paper describes a minimization procedure specifically designed for a clinical trial that evaluates treatment efficacy for OCD patients. Aitchison&amp;#x27;s compositional distance was used to calculate vectors for each possibility of allocation in a covariate adaptive method. Two different procedures were designed to allocate patients in small blocks or...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2102/version/1

Chopped Arms &amp;#x26; Big Macs: ERP Correlates of Viewing and Imagining Aversive and Food Photos
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Amy Comeau; Wei-Hsien Yeh; Alfonso Abizaid; Kim Hellemans; Amedeo D&amp;#x27;Angiulli.
OBJECTIVES&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We investigated the Event-Related Potential (ERP) correlates of perceived and imagined food photos and their relation to the perception and imagery of unpleasant emotional photos. Our aim was to determine whether similar or different patterns of neural activity were associated with viewing and imagining food photos versus emotional photos. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;METHODS &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Nine volunteers with prescreened normal mood and anxiety levels wore a 32 channel Cap with embedded electrodes (10/20 international system) connected to a high-density low-noise Neuroscan EEG system. Participants were tested during two different blocks: a hunger block (containing 25 neutral and food photos) and an emotional block...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4576/version/1

The universal &amp;#x22;shape&amp;#x22; of human languages: spectral analysis beyond speech
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fermin Moscoso del Prado.
A common recommendation for linguists is that, when analyzing language, they should take a &amp;#x22;man-from-mars&amp;#x22;, know-nothing, perspective to describe the structures that they observe, if possible limiting themselves to the mechanical application of a set of well-defined techniques and criteria. Unfortunately, the complex nature of linguistic structures makes it difficult to adopt such a detached perspective. A language, as represented by a corpus of text, can be described macroscopically by the symbolic periodogram of the corpus, analogous to the spectrograms commonly used for describing speech. Here, I show that the periodogram exhibits a universal &amp;#x22;shape&amp;#x22; from human languages, and this shape originates in known properties...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6097/version/1

Altered cholesterol ester cycle in _ex vivo_ skin fibroblasts from Alzheimer patients
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alessandra Pani; Sandra Dessi; Giacomo Diaz; Claudia Abete; Claudia Mulas; Claudia Norfo; Marirosa Putzolu; Maria Dolores Cannas; Christina Doriana Orru; Alessandra Mocali; Pier Luigi Cocco; Paolo La Colla; Francesco Paoletti.
Recent studies in both animal and cell models of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease (AD) indicated that sub-cellular cholesterol distribution seems to regulate amyloid-beta (A[beta]) generation in the brain. In particular, cholesterol-esters (CE), rather than total cholesterol levels, appear directly correlated with A[beta] production. Here we observed that, similarly to brain cells, skin fibroblasts obtained from AD patients produce and accumulate more CE than skin fibroblasts from age-matched healthy controls do. AD fibroblasts also exhibited a 2 fold increase in the expression of ACAT1, in addition to lower levels of SREBP2, nCEH, Caveolin-1 and ABCA1 mRNA levels, all of which are involved in the CE cycle. HMGCoA-reductase and LDL-receptor mRNAs levels did...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1602/version/1

Development of Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO): Ontology-based Tools for Representation and Integration of Event-related Brain Potentials
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gwen A. Frishkoff; Paea LePendu; Robert M. Frank; Haishan Liu; Dejing Dou.
We describe a first-generation ontology for&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;representation and integration of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The ontology is designed following OBO &amp;#x201c;best practices&amp;#x201d; and is augmented with tools to perform ontology-based labeling and annotation of ERP data, and a database that enables semantically based reasoning over these data. Because certain high-level concepts in the ERP domain are illdefined, we have developed methods to support coordinated updates to each of these three components. This approach consists of &amp;#x201c;top-down&amp;#x201d; (knowledge-driven) design and implementation, followed by &amp;#x201c;bottom-up&amp;#x201d; (data-driven) validation and refinement. Our goal is to build an ERP...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3458/version/1

Using MicroPET Imaging in Quantitative Verification of Acupuncture Effect in Ischemia Stroke Treatment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xiaoyan  Shen; Hongtu Tang; Jia Li; Ting Xiang; Huafeng Liu; Weichuan  Yu.
While acupuncture has survived several thousand years&amp;#x2019; evolution of medical practice, its function still remains as a myth from the view point of modern medicine. Our goal in this paper is to quantitatively understand the function of acupuncture in ischemia stroke treatment. We carried out a comparative study using the Sprague Dawley rat animal model. We induced the focal cerebral ischemia in the rats using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure. For each rat from the real acupuncture group (n = 40), sham acupoint treatment group (n = 54), and blank control group (n = 16), we acquired 3-D FDG-microPET images at baseline, after MCAO, and after treatment (i.e., real acupuncture, sham acupoint treatment, or resting according to the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4128/version/1

Binge and Emotional Eating in obese subjects seeking weight loss treatment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Valdo Ricca; Giovanni Castellini; Carolina Lo Sauro; Claudia Ravaldi; Francesco Lapi; Edoardo Mannucci; Carlo Maria Rotella; Carlo Faravelli.
Objective: Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is highly prevalent among individuals seeking weight loss treatment. Considering the possible trigger factors for BED, different studies focused on the role of emotional eating. The present study compared threshold, subthreshold BED, and subjects without BED in a population of overweight/obese individuals seeking weight loss treatment, considering the anamnesis, the eating disorder specific and general psychopathology, the organic and psychiatric comorbidity, the emotional eating as a trigger factor for binge eating, and the quality of life. Design: cross-sectional survey.Subjects: Four hundred thirty eight overweight subjects seeking weight loss treatment have been enrolled in the study. Measurements: Subjects have...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2125/version/1

Ultrasonic frogs show extraordinary sex differences in auditory frequency sensitivity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jun-Xian Shen; Zhi-Min Xu; Zu-Lin Yu; Shuai Wang; De-Zhi Zheng.
Acoustic communication plays an important role in the reproductive behavior of anurans. Males of concave-eared torrent frog (_Odorrana tormota_) have ultrasonic communication capacity 1, 2, but it is unknown whether females communicate with ultrasound. Here we show that _O. tormota_ exhibits great sex differences in the auditory frequency sensitivity. Acoustic playback experiments demonstrated that the male&amp;#x27;s advertisement calls evoke gravid females&amp;#x27; positive phonotaxis and vocal responses, whereas ultrasonic components of the male&amp;#x27;s calls (frequencies above 20 kHz) do not elicit female phonotaxis or vocalization. The behavioral study was complemented by electrophysiological recordings from the auditory midbrain and by laser...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5337/version/1

Changes in Cholesterol Metabolism in Peripheral Cells of Alzheimer Disease Patients and Their Relatives
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alessandra Pani; Paolo La Colla; Claudia Abete; Claudia Mulas; Marirosa Putzolu; Claudia Norfo; Sergio Laconi; Anna Borgia; Christina Zaru; Manuela Palmas; Paolo  F. Putzu; Alessandra Mocali; Francesco Paoletti; Sandra Dessi.
Background. Previous epidemiological and experimental studies indicated cholesterol as a central player  in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we utilized skin fibroblasts and PBMC as possible ex vivo models for the study of dysfunctions of cholesterol homeostasis which may be related to AD development. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods. We analyzed cholesterol homeostasis using colorimetric, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and histologic technique in ex vivo cultures of skin fibroblasts and PBMCs from patients with probable AD and their first-degree relatives. Additionally, healthy age-matched individuals served as controls. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Findings. As compared to controls, skin fibroblasts and PBMCs from AD patients, displayed an evident alteration of cholesterol...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1246/version/1

How can cells in the anterior medial face patch be viewpoint invariant?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Joel Z. Leibo; Jim Mutch; Tomaso Poggio.
In a recent paper, Freiwald and Tsao (2010) found evidence that the responses of cells in the macaque anterior medial (AM) face patch are invariant to significant changes in viewpoint. The monkey subjects had no prior experience with the individuals depicted in the stimuli and were never given an opportunity to view the same individual from different viewpoints sequentially. These results cannot be explained by a mechanism based on temporal association of experienced views. Employing a biologically plausible model of object recognition (software available at cbcl.mit.edu), we show two mechanisms which could account for these results. First, we show that hair style and skin color provide sufficient information to enable viewpoint recognition without...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5845/version/1

Semiotic Dynamics Solves the Symbol Grounding Problem
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Luc L. Steels; Martin Loetzsch; Michael S. Spranger.
Language requires the capacity to link symbols (words, sentences) through the intermediary of internal representations to the physical world, a process known as symbol grounding. One of the biggest debates in the cognitive sciences concerns the question how human brains are able to do this. Do we need a material explanation or a system explanation? John Searle&amp;#x27;s well known Chinese Room thought experiment, which continues to generate a vast polemic literature of arguments and counter-arguments, has argued that autonomously establishing internal representations of the world (called &amp;#x27;intentionality&amp;#x27; in philosophical parlance) is based on special properties of human neural tissue and that consequently an artificial system, such as an...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1234/version/1

ClassTAL
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Federico D&amp;#x27;Agata.
This is the description of a Matlab script (classTAL.m) that automatically classifies BrainVoyager .voi maps with afni brain atlas. The script saves many useful output files.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6142/version/1

Application of the Sensory Contact Model for Pharmacological Studies under Simulated Clinical Conditions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Natalia N. Kudryavtseva; Damira F. Avgustinovich; Natalia P. Bondar; Michael V. Tenditnik; Irina L. Kovalenko.
The sensory contact model allows forming different psycho-pathological states (anxious depression, catalepsy, social withdrawal, pathological aggression, cognition disturbances, anhedonia, addictive states etc.) produced by repeated agonistic interactions in male mice and investigating the therapeutic and preventive properties of any drug as well as its efficiency under simulated clinical conditions. This approach can be useful for a better understanding of the drugs&amp;#x2019; action in different stages of disease development in individuals. It is suggested that this behavioral approach and pharmacological designs may be applied for the screening of novel psychotropic drugs. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1439/version/1

Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin-A Affects Processing of Emotional Language
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Havas; Arthur Glenberg; Karol Gutowski; Mark Lucarelli; Richard Davidson.
Language can evoke powerful emotions and influence consequent actions in readers, but the mechanisms underlying interactions of language and emotion are largely unknown. Since Darwin, emotional expressions have been implicated in emotional cognition, experience and understanding, but the functional role of the affective periphery is difficult to test. In a first experiment, facial electromyography revealed that silent reading of emotional (angry, sad, and happy) sentences automatically elicits differential patterns of activity in facial muscles used in expression of corresponding emotions (smiling and frowning). In a second experiment, temporary paralysis of the facial muscle corrugator supercilli (responsible for producing a frown) hindered processing,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3683/version/1

Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is TH17 related autoimmune disease against misfolded beta amyloid
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wan-Jiung(Wan-Chung) Hu.
Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder. However, its exact etiology is still unknown. There were several mechanisms proposed such as the tau hypothesis and amyloid hypothesis. However, there is evidence challenging the above two hypotheses. Here, I propose the immune-amyloid hypothesis as a mechanism for Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. Th17 related autoimmunity contributes to the disease pathogenesis. Accumulation of misfolded beta amyloid can trigger heat shock protein which in turn induces TH17 immunity. By microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, there is up-regulation of many TH17 related molecules after Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease. After knowing the exact disease pathogenesis, we can develop new...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5934/version/3

Preen Gland-Secreted Alkanols Enhance Male Attractiveness in Parrots
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jian-Xu Zhang; Wei Wei; Jin-Hua Zhang.
The skin glands are widely used in pheromone production throughout the vertebrate worlds. Growing evidences show that birds also have chemical communication, but the uropygial (also called preen or oil) glands, serving as only specialized skin glands of birds, have no sex pheromones characterized. Here, by combining GC-MS analysis and bioassay, we show with the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, that birds can used the preen gland-secreted volatiles (a blend of octadecanol, nonadecanol and eicosanol for male budgerigars) spread over body plumage when preening to convey sex information. Here, we first report the avian pheromones derived from the uropyginal gland and suggests that the gland has broader implications than previously known (e.g. plumage...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2305/version/1

Molecular evidence for Toxoplasma gondii in the brain of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donato  Traversa; Angela Di Cesare; Cristina Casalone; Barbara Iulini; Walter Mignone; Cristiana Tittarelli; Umberto Proietto; Silvana Meloni; Giulia Buffatello; Fiona Forster; Seamus Kennedy; Giovanni Di Guardo.
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan agent of increasing concern for both free-ranging and captive cetaceans. Nonetheless, information on epidemiology, biology, genetics and pathogenic potential of T. gondii for aquatic mammals is incomplete. This work provides molecular evidence for T. gondii in the brain tissue from five striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) found stranded in 2007-2008 along the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy. These animals showed a more or less severe, subacute to chronic, non purulent, multifocal meningo-encephalitis. Additionally, the cerebral parenchyma of 3 animals harboured protozoan cysts and zoites which were immunohistochemically linked to T. gondii. Consequently, a preliminary molecular investigation was undertaken to confirm the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4930/version/1

Ciproxifan, an H~3~ Receptor Antagonist, Improves Learning and Memory in the APP Mouse Model of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mark E. Bardgett; Natasha N. Davis; Molly S. Griffith.
Mice that express the mutant form of the human amyloid precursor gene associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease demonstrate memory deficits and amyloid plaques. We show here that ciproxifan, a prototypical antagonist of H~3~-type histamine receptors, alleviates two types of learning and memory impairments in such mice. These data support the idea that modulation of H~3~ receptors represents a viable therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4041/version/1

The Correlation between Sleep and Creativity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Valeria Drago; Debora Aric&amp;#xf2;; Kenneth Heilman; Paul Foster; John Williamson; Pasquale Montagna; Raffaele Ferri.
Fredrich August von Kekule, a famous German chemist, was attempting to determine the shape of the benzene molecule, which was known to have six carbon atoms. In 1865, reflecting upon his discovery of the hexagonal-ring like structure, he asserted that the solution came to him in a dream1; however, it is not clear if he was in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreaming or if he was in non-REM (NREM) sleep imagery. It is possible to think of this type of discoveries as an expression of creativity, i.e. the ability to use existing pieces of information and combine them in novel patterns leading to greater understanding and new solutions. Preliminary support of the role of sleep in creative thinking comes from a recent study by Wagner et al.2; these authors asked...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4266/version/1

Cueing in a perceptual task causes long-lasting interference that generalizes across context to affect only late perceptual learning and is remediated by the passage of time
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ramesh Rajan.
Perceptual learning, the improvement in sensory discriminations with practise, is also subject to stimulus-specific interference from temporal jitter in a learning session or manipulations applied between or immediately after sessions. We demonstrate a novel form of perceptual interference where even a brief cueing exposure to a complex speech-in-noise task produces a forward interference on subsequent speech-in-noise learning. This potent interference generalizes across cueing context but specifically affects only late learning in the subsequent task, is resistant to the remediating effects of sleep and persists across an overnight delay involving sleep, and can be evoked by a single exposure 1 day before the learning. Learning in the speech-in-noise task...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2387/version/1

Weight change and quality of life in a community-based population
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Saskia P. J. Verkleij; Marcel C. Adriaanse; Gerrie C. W. Wendel-Vos; Albertine J. Schuit.
*Objectives:* This study investigates the longitudinal association between 5-year weight change and quality of life (QoL) in Dutch men and women.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Design:* A prospective cohort study (1998, 2000, 2003) in a population based sample. Subjects: 2,414 men and women from the Maastricht region of the Netherlands.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Measurements:* QoL outcomes were measured by the RAND-36 (eight subscales and two overall composite scores, physical and mental health (PCS and MCS)). Weight was measured on a scale. Weight change was calculated as change in weight between 1998 and 2003. In addition, 5-year weight change was also categorized in three groups: weight losers, weight maintainers, and weight gainers. All...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2583/version/1

Cholinergic innervation is necessary to shift reward timing activity in rodent visual cortex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Emma Roach; Marshall Hussain Shuler.
While the biological analogue of prediction error has been well characterized in the midbrain dopaminergic system, the possibility of other neuromodulatory systems acting as global reinforcers is a topic of much debate. Reward timing, the phenomenon by which single unit responses in primary visual cortex (V1)&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;reflect an operantly learned stimulus&amp;#x2010;reward interval, offers a tractable preparation to investigate reinforcement learning in vivo: theoretical work suggests that reward timing results from the interaction of stimulus&amp;#x2010;evoked recurrent network activity and a global reinforcement signal that indicates the time of&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;received reward. We hypothesized that this signal is conveyed by cholinergic neurons...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5813/version/1

Biophysical Mechanisms Supporting Conscious Perception: Prospects for an Artificial Astrocyte
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alfredo Pereira Jr.
In perceptual processes, signals carrying information about a stimulus are transmitted through multiple processing lines to populations of receptive neurons and thalamocortical circuits, leading to the formation of a spatial ensemble of local field potentials. This paper addresses the problem of how the brain integrates patterns embodied in local fields to (re)construct the stimulus in a conscious episode. Four examples of human perception are given to illustrate the requirements of the integrative process. Considering the strategic position of astrocytes, mediating somatic signals carried by blood flow and information carried by the neuronal network, as well as their intrinsic information processing capabilities, these cells are in an adequate condition...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6484/version/1

Social Processing of Discrete Emotions in Humans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jacob Vigil.
I asked human observers to rate capacity and trustworthiness trait impressions of, and to indicate affiliative and avoidant dispositions, and felt emotive responses toward social objects. I show that interpersonal dispositions and emotive responses are systematically associated with variation in perceived levels of these trait impressions. The findings suggest that perception and expression of cues that signal capacity and trustworthiness of reciprocating altruism may underlie discrete affect behaviors in humans.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2725/version/1

Testing a new intervention to enhance road safety
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rainer Spiegel; Roger Kalla; Frank Spiegel; Michael Strupp.
By 2020, it is estimated that road accidents will have moved from ninth to third in the worldwide ranking of burden of disease, as assessed in the disability adjusted life years (DALY)^1,2^. Therefore, it is vital to find effective methods to enhance road safety. Speed limits and traffic calming have the potential to reduce injuries due to road accidents^3,4^. Many drivers, however, do not adhere to speed limits^1-7^. Several studies have shown that adherence to speed limits can be explained by the theory of planned behaviour ^5-7^ and that it is possible to focus on drivers&amp;#x27; intentions via self-report questionnaires. It is often difficult, however, to reach the majority of drivers on accident-prone locations with self-report questionnaires. This...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2231/version/1

Cerebral and Spinal Modulation of Pain by Emotions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mathieu Roy; Mathieu Piche; Jen-I Chen; Isabelle Peretz; Pierre Rainville.
Emotions have powerful effects on pain perception. However, the brain mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. In this study, we combined functional cerebral imaging with psychophysiological methods to explore the neural mechanisms implicated in the emotional modulation of spinal nociceptive responses (RIII-reflex) and pain perception in healthy participants. Emotions induced by pleasant or unpleasant pictures modulated the responses to painful electrical stimulations in the right insula, paracentral lobule, parahippocampal gyrii, thalamus and amygdala. Right insula activation covaried with the modulation of pain perception, consistent with a role of this structure in the integration of pain signals with the ongoing emotion. In contrast,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2885/version/1

1st INCF Workshop on Global Portal Services for Neuroscience
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jaap van Pelt; Gordon  Shepherd.
The goal of this meeting was to map out existing portal services for neuroscience, identify their features and future plans, and outline opportunities for synergistic developments. The workshop discussed alternative formats of future global and integrated portal services.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1779/version/1

Generalized time-frequency coherency for assessing neural interactions in electrophysiological recordings
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Saeid Mehrkanoon; Michael  Breakspear; Andreas Daffertshofer; Tjeerd W. Boonstra.
Time-frequency coherence has been widely used to quantify statistical dependencies in bivariate data and has proven to be vital for the study of neural interactions in electrophysiological recordings. Conventional methods establish time-frequency coherence by smoothing the cross and power spectra using identical smoothing procedures. Smoothing entails a trade-off between time-frequency resolution and statistical consistency and is critical for detecting instantaneous coherence in single-trial data. Here, we propose a generalized method to estimate time-frequency coherency by using different smoothing procedures for the cross spectra versus power spectra. This novel method has an improved trade-off between time resolution and statistical consistency...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6615/version/1

Microstructural Correlates of Resilience against Major Depressive Disorder: Epigenetic Mechanisms?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Thomas Frodl; Yolande Ferguson; Andrew Fagan; Danusia Lisiecka; Angela Carballedo; Ian Daly; James Meaney; Dermot Kelleher.
Mental disorders are a major cause of long-term disability and are a direct cause of mortality, with approximately 800.000 individuals dying from suicide every year worldwide - a high proportion of them related to major depressive disorder (MDD)^1^. Healthy relatives of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at risk to develop the disease. This higher vulnerability is associated with structural^2-4^ and functional brain changes^5^. However, we found using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) with 61 diffusion directions that neuron tracts between frontal cortices and limbic as well as temporal and parietal brain regions are characterized by better diffusion coefficients in unaffected relatives (UHR), who managed to stay healthy,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4793/version/1

Whisker&amp;#x27;s Directional Selectivity: Orientation Columns in the Barrel Field?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vassiliy Tsytsarev; Daniel Pope; Elena Pumbo; Alexander Yablonskii; Michael Hofmann.
Using voltage-sensitive dye optical imaging methods, we visualized neural activity in the rat barrel cortex in response to the deflection of a single whisker in different directions. Obtained data indicates that fast movements of single whiskers in varying directions correlate with different patterns of activation in the somatosensory cortex. A functional map was created based on the voltage-sensitive dye optical signal. This supports prior research that vibrissae deflections cause responses in different cortical neurons within the barrel field according to the direction of the deflection. By analogy with the orientation columns in the visual cortex, directionally-biased single whisker responses to different directions of deflection could be a possible...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4254/version/1

Whisker&amp;#x27;s Directional Selectivity: Orientation Columns in the Barrel Field?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vassiliy Tsytsarev; Daniel Pope; Elena Pumbo; Alexander Yablonskii; Michael Hofmann.
Using voltage-sensitive dye optical imaging methods, we visualized neural activity in the rat barrel cortex in response to the deflection of a single whisker in different directions. Obtained data indicates that fast movements of single whiskers in varying directions correlate with different patterns of activation in the somatosensory cortex. A functional map was created based on the voltage-sensitive dye optical signal. This supports prior research that vibrissae deflections cause responses in different cortical neurons within the barrel field according to the direction of the deflection. By analogy with the orientation columns in the visual cortex, directionally-biased single whisker responses to different directions of deflection could be a possible...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4254/version/2

Identification Of Mitotically Competent SOX2+ Cells In White Matter Of Normal  Human Adult Brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jorge Oliver-De la Cruz; Josefa Carrion-Navarro; Antonio Gutierrez-Martin; Carmen Escobedo-Lucea; Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo; Angel Ayuso-Sacido.
SOX2 expression is linked to the undifferentiated state of stem cells in mammalian neurogenic niches. While its expression has been reported in the adult human subventricular zone (SVZ), to date it has not been detected in adult human white matter. Here we describe a population of SOX2+ cells from the white matter of the adult human temporal lobe, which proliferate and express glial markers in vitro.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6259/version/1

The effect of noise correlations in populations of diversely tuned neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alexander S. Ecker; Philipp Berens; Andreas S. Tolias; Matthias Bethge.
The amount of information encoded by networks of neurons critically depends on the correlation structure of their activity. Neurons with similar stimulus preferences tend to have higher noise correlations than others. In homogeneous populations of neurons this limited range correlation structure is highly detrimental to the accuracy of a population code. Therefore, reduced spike count correlations under attention, after adaptation or after learning have been interpreted as evidence for a more efficient population code. Here we analyze the role of limited range correlations in more realistic, heterogeneous population models. We use Fisher information and maximum likelihood decoding to show that reduced correlations do not necessarily improve encoding...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6170/version/1

Recombinant Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A with N-terminal Mitochondrial Transduction Domain Increases Respiration and Mitochondrial Gene Expression in G11778A Leber&amp;#x27;s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Cybrid Cells
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shilpa Iyer; Ravindar R. Thomas; Francisco R. Portell; Lisa D. Dunahm; Caitlin K. Quigley; James P. Bennett.
Diseases involving mitochondrial defects usually manifest themselves in high-energy, post-mitotic tissues such as brain, retina, skeletal and cardiac muscle and frequently cause deficiencies in mitochondrial bioenergetics. We have developed a scalable procedure to produce recombinant human mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) modified with an N-terminal protein transduction domain (PTD) and mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) that allow it to cross membranes and enter mitochondria through its &amp;#x22;mitochondrial transduction domain&amp;#x22; (MTD,=PTD+MLS). _In vitro_ studies in a classic mitochondrial disease cell model demonstrated that Alexa488-labeled MTD-TFAM rapidly entered the mitochondrial compartment. MTD-TFAM treatment of these...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2084/version/1

Dynamic gating in the nucleus accumbens: Behavioral state-dependent synchrony with the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rifat J. Hussain; Aaron J. Gruber; Patricio O&amp;#x27;Donnell.
Contextual and sensory information, goals, and the motor plan to achieve them are integrated in the nucleus accumbens (NA). Although this integration needs flexibility to operate in a variety of environments, models of NA function rarely consider changing behavioral states. Here, intracellular recordings in anesthetized rats revealed rapid changes in the synchronization between NA up states and prefrontal cortical (PFC) local field potentials (LFPs). The synchronization of the NA with the PFC and ventral hippocampus also varied over time in awake rats, depending on the behavioral state of the animal: NA LFPs followed hippocampal theta rhythms during spatial exploration, but not during an operant task when they were instead synchronized with slower PFC...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1629/version/1

Phantom Pain Reduction by Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Treatment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Istvan Bokkon.
Based on our years of experience testing a technique called non-ionizing Electromagnetic-Own-Signal-Treatment (EMOST), here, we present our preliminary results for phantom pain reduction by this method under clinical circumstances. Our preliminary results showed not only a reduction in phantom pain in patients but also a marked improvement in their sleep and mood quality after the treatments. Here, we also suggest that some of the important effects of our method may be achieved via the redox balance of the body and redox-related neural plasticity. However, low-frequency and intensity electromagnetic fields can potentially provide useful methods for the treatment of various problematic disorders and can play important roles in public health of the 21st...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4989/version/1

Seeing faces: evidence suggesting cortical disinhibition in the genesis of visual hallucinations.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Giuseppe Iaria; Christopher Fox; Jason Barton.
The neural mechanisms responsible for triggering visual hallucinations are poorly understood. Here, we report a unique patient whose hallucinations consist exclusively of faces, and which could be reliably precipitated by looking at trees. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we found that, while face hallucinations was associated with increased neural activity in a number of cortical regions, including low-level visual areas, there was significant decreased activity in the right fusiform face area, a region that is empirically defined by increase activity during veridical perception of faces. These findings indicate key differences in how hallucinatory and veridical perceptions lead to the same phenomenological experience of seeing faces,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1827/version/1

Neural Networks, Cell Genome and Interactome Nonlinear Dynamic Models
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
Operational logic and bioinformatics models of nonlinear dynamics in complex functional systems such as neural networks, genomes and cell interactomes are proposed. &amp;#x141;ukasiewicz Algebraic Logic models of genetic networks and signaling pathways in cells are formulated in terms of nonlinear dynamic systems with n-state components that allow for the generalization of previous logical models of both genetic activities and neural networks. An algebraic formulation of variable &amp;#x27;next-state functions&amp;#x27; is extended to a &amp;#x141;ukasiewicz Topos with an n-valued &amp;#x141;ukasiewicz Algebraic Logic subobject classifier description that represents non-random and nonlinear network activities as well as their transformations in...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6206/version/1

Energy or chow, that&amp;#x2019;s a question: &amp;#x201c;two-bottle&amp;#x201d; may be more suitable than &amp;#x201c;one-bottle&amp;#x201d; in modeling nutritional obesity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: JG Zhang; XW Sun; P Gao; L Xie; WQ Liu; HT Xiao; H Ai.
*Objective:* To model nutritional obesity in rats with two-bottle-feeding method according to human eating feature. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Design:* Animals were grouped into control and model randomly according to their initial body weight. The control rats fed with standard chow singly and the model rats fed with the standard chow and a high fat (HF) diet simultaneously for 20 weeks. Lee&amp;#x2019;s index of control was used as the reference of obesity identification. The inducing effect of this method and animals&amp;#x2019; eating features were studied. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Subjects:* 142 weaned male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (body weight: 43.95&amp;#xb1;4.0g). &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Measurements:* Body weight (BW), body length (BL), and food accumulation were...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2572/version/1

Theta rhythmicity enhances learning in adaptive STDP
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christian Albers Albers; Joscha Schmiedt; Klaus Pawelzik.
The classical STDP window captures changes of a synaptic weight in response to the relative timing of a pre and a postsynaptic spike (see e.g. Bi and Poo, 1998). Due to its static nature, however, it cannot account for nonlinear interactions between spikes. Several theoretical studies offer dynamic formulations for STDP, for example by modulating the synaptic weight change by variables like synaptic calcium concentration (Shouval et al., 2002) or somatic depolarisation (Clopath et al., 2010), or by introducing spike triplet interactions (Pfister and Gerstner, 2006). Here, we propose a new model which is formulated as a set of differential equations (Schmiedt et al., 2010). The weight change is given by a differential Hebbian learning rule, which reproduces...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5855/version/1

DARPP-32 is a robust integrator of dopamine and glutamate signals
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nicolas Le Novere; Eric Fernandez; Renaud Schiappa; Jean-Antoine Girault.
Integration of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator signals in the striatum plays a central role in the functions and dysfunctions of the basal ganglia. DARPP-32 is a key actor of this integration in the GABAergic medium-size spiny neurons, in particular in response to dopamine and glutamate. When phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) DARPP-32 inhibits protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), whereas when phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) it inhibits PKA. DARPP-32 is also regulated by casein kinases and by several protein phosphatases. These complex and intricate regulations make simple predictions of DARPP-32 dynamic behaviour virtually impossible. We used detailed quantitative modelling of the regulation of DARPP-32 phosphorylation to...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/9/version/1

Dentate Gyrus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Rachel A. Dalley; Lydia L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the dentate gyrus (DG), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) _in situ_ hybridization mouse data set. The structure&amp;#x27;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the dentate gyrus were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the hippocampal region, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The genes with the highest ranking selectivity ratios were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression characterization. The experimental data for each gene may be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2095/version/1

Clinical Study and Molecular Genetic Analyses of Malaysian GEFS+ Patients
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Emmilia Tan; Salmi Abdul Razak; Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff; Jafri Malin Abdullah.
Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) is a familial epilepsy syndrome characterized by phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Neuronal voltage gated sodium channel &amp;#x3b1;-1 subunit gene, SCN1A is the most clinically relevant and associated with GEFS+. The objective was to study the clinical presentations of GEFS+ and analyze the SCN1A gene associated with Malaysian GEFS+ patients. Blood samples were collected from 30 unrelated GEFS+ patients and genomic DNA was obtained using the Qiagen DNA Blood Mini Kit following the manufacturer&amp;#x2019;s instructions. The 26 exons of SCN1A genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). The aberrant profile peak from DHPLC...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5393/version/1

Treatment of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s Disease with Anti-Homocysteic acid Antibody
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tohru Hasegawa; Nobuyuki Mikoda; Masashi Kitazawa; Frank M. LaFerla.
Homocysteic acid (HA) may play an important role in Alzhiemer disease (AD) as we previously reported that HA induced accumulation of intraneuronal A[beta]42. In this study, we first analyzed HA levels in a mouse model of AD. 4-month old pre-pathologic 3xTg-AD mice exhibited higher levels of HA in the hippocampus as compared to age-matched nontransgenic, suggesting that HA accumulation may precede both A[beta] and tau pathologies. To further determine the pathogenic role of HA in AD, we treated young 3xTg-AD mice with vitamin B6-deficient food for 3 weeks to induce the production of HA in the brain. Concominantly, mice received either saline or anti-HA antibody intraventricularly using a guide cannula every 3 days. Mice received anti-HA antibody...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2301/version/2

Meta-Potentiation: Neuro-Astroglial Interactions Supporting Perceptual Consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alfredo Pereira Jr; F&amp;#xe1;bio Augusto Furlan.
Conscious perceptual processing involves the sequential activation of cortical networks at several brain locations, and the onset of oscillatory synchrony affecting the same neuronal population. How do the earlier activated circuits sustain their excitation to synchronize with the later ones? We call such a sustaining process &amp;#x22;meta-potentiation&amp;#x22;, and propose that it depends on neuro-astroglial interactions. In our proposed model, attentional cholinergic and stimulus-related glutamatergic inputs to astroglia elicit the release of astroglial glutamate to bind with neuronal NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit. Once calcium channels are open, slow inward currents activate the CaM/CaMKII complex to phosphorylate AMPA receptors in a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/760/version/1

Systemic similarity analysis of compatibility drug-induced multiple pathway patterns _in vivo_
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhong Wang; Zhan-jun Zhang; Yi Wang; Yiyu Cheng; Weida Tong; Yongyan Wang.
A major challenge in post-genomic research is to understand how physiological and pathological phenotypes arise from the networks of expressed genes and to develop powerful tools for translating the information exchanged between gene and the organ system networks. Although different expression modules may contribute independently to different phenotypes, it is difficult to interpret microarray experimental results at the level of single gene associations. The global effects and response pathways of small molecules in cells have been investigated, but the quantitative details of the activation mechanisms of multiple pathways _in vivo_ are not well understood. Similar response networks indicate similar modes of action, and gene networks may appear to be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1688/version/1

Range-based techniques for discovering optimality and analyzing scaling relationships in neuromechanical systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bradly J. Alicea.
In this paper, a method for decoupling the neuromuscular function of a set of limbs from the role morphology plays in regulating the performance of an activity is introduced. This method is based on two previous methods: the rescaled range analysis specific to time series data, and the use of scaling laws. A review of the literature suggests that limb geometry can either facilitate or constrain performance as measured experimentally. Whether limb geometry is facilitatory or acts as a constraint depends on the size differential between arm morphology and the underlying muscle. &amp;#x22;Changes in size and shape&amp;#x22; are theoretically extrapolations of morphological geometry to other members of a population or species, to other species, or to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2845/version/2

A simulation study on different STDP models concerning localized gamma oscillations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Florian Hauser; Andreas Knoblauch; G&amp;#xfc;nther Palm.
Gamma oscillations are a prominent feature in experimental as well as theoretical descriptions of brain activity. One of the network models which has the capability to generate such oscillations is what we call a local cell assembly (CA), i.e. a group of neighboring neurons which are strongly interconnected in an excitatory manner. Postulated by experimenters and extensively used in theoretical studies, these local networks seem to be a good candidate for investigating the impact of biological constraints given by models of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) on local gamma oscillating structures in the mammalian brain. Therefore we fi&amp;#xc;tted a two-compartment neuron model with AMPA- and NMDA-receptor mediated synaptic currents to desired...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5802/version/1

Inferior Colliculus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Beth M. Solan; Lydia  L. Ng; John A. Morris.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the inferior colliculus (IC), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in-situ hybridization (ISH) mouse data set.  The structure&amp;#x2019;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas.  Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the IC were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the midbrain, for the purpose of extracting regionally specific gene expression data. The highest ranking ratios were then manually curated and verified.  The 50 Select Genes were compiled for expression characterization.  The experimental data for each gene may be accessed via the links provided;...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2033/version/1

Consciousness and subjective time: a plausible auditory approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sepehr Ehsani.
The perception of time is an indispensable facet of human consciousness, and may in fact be dynamically present in primates and other species, albeit with different manifestations. Moreover, contrary to the physical measures of time, cognitive temporal perception may be subjectively affected by both internal and environmental cues. Here we review the evidence for the potential role of the auditory system in shaping the cortical measures of time, and propose possible auditory methods for studying this aspect of consciousness.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5941/version/1

MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Origin, History and Impact
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
Objective &amp;#x2013; Methods were invented that made it possible to image peripheral nerves in the body and to image neural tracts in the brain. Over a 15 year period, these techniques &amp;#x2013; MR Neurography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging &amp;#x2013; were then deployed in the clinical and research community and applied to about 50,000 patients. Within this group, about 5,000 patients having MR Neurography were carefully tracked on a prospective basis.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Method &amp;#x2013; In the study group a uniform imaging methodology was applied and all images were reviewed and registered by referral source, clinical indication, efficacy of imaging and quality. Various classes of image findings were identified and subjected to a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1932/version/1

Vestibular effects on cerebral blood flow
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jorge Serrador; F. Owen Black; Todd Schlegel; Scott Wood.
Withdrawn.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2413/version/2

Minimum Information about a Neuroscience Investigation (MINI) Electrophysiology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frank Gibson; Paul  G. Overton; Tom V. Smulders; Simon R. Schultz; Stephen  J. Eglen; Colin D. Ingram; Stefano  Panzeri; Phil Bream; Evelyne  Sernagor; Mark Cunningham; Christopher Adams; Christoph Echtermeyer; Jennifer Simonotto; Marcus Kaiser; Daniel C. Swan; Marty Fletcher; Phillip Lord.
This module represents the formalized opinion of the authors and the CARMEN consortium, which identifies the minimum information required to report the use of electrophysiology in a neuroscience study, for submission to the CARMEN system (www.carmen.org.uk).&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1720/version/1

Optimizing automated preprocessing streams for brain morphometric comparisons across multiple primate species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Mietchen; Robert Dahnke; Christian Gaser.
Introduction: MR techniques have delivered images of a wide array of species, ranging from invertebrates to birds to elephants and whales. However, their potential to serve as a basis for comparative brain morphometric investigations has rarely been tapped so far (Christidis and Cox, 2006; Van Essen &amp;#x26; Dierker, 2007). In order to address one of the potential reasons behind this, we tested various automated segmentation streams (using CARET, FSL and lab-written code) that have been mainly designed for applications in humans, with the aim of optimizing them for comparisons across multiple species.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods: T1-weighted MR images from individuals representing 11 primate species have been acquired by Rilling and Insel...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4511/version/1

Dynamical patterns of human postural responses to emotional stimuli
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pandelis Perakakis; Jaime Vila; Sofia Idrissi; Plamen Ivanov.
Erotic scenes and images of mutilated bodies are emotional stimuli that have repeatedly shown to evoke specific neurophysiological responses associated with enhanced attention and perceptual processing. Remarkably however, only a handful of studies have investigated human motor reactions to emotional activation as a direct index of physical approximation or withdrawal. Given the inconclusive results of these studies, the approach-avoidance distinction, one of the most salient concepts in human motivational research, remains a broadly exploited hypothesis that has never been empirically demonstrated. Here, we investigate postural responses elicited by discrete emotional stimuli in healthy young adults. We discover that both positive and negative affective...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6428/version/1

Items on the Left Are Better Remembered
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sergio Della Sala; Stephen Darling; Robert Logie.
We report evidence of a new phenomenon from three experiments: a leftward bias when people try to remember visually presented information. Experiments 1 and 2 showed lateral leftward biases in memory in a large (total N&amp;#x3e;60000) sample of participants, with data collected via the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) web site. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of a leftwards bias in short-term memory with a more intensive data collection.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2540/version/1

Reaction time to judge the temporal inequality of digits numbers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carmelo M. Vicario.
Several studies had consistently lighted mechanisms about the relation between spatial and numerical cognition; parallel to this, a separate research line begin to document similar relationships for the representation of time and quantity as well. However there are still few studies that explore cognitive mechanisms subserving this relation. Starting from the evidence of the SNARC effect (Dehaene et al., 1993), here we investigate about the presence of similar effect in the processing of temporal and numerical information. We studied the effects of numerical exposure when participants are asked to perform a visual detection task in which temporal information is explicitly or implicitly conveyed. The main result shows that, during explicit timing, low...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2797/version/1

Synaptic state matching: a dynamical architecture for predictive internal representation and feature perception
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Saeed Tavazoie.
Here we consider the possibility that a fundamental function of sensory cortex is the generation of an internal simulation of sensory environment in real-time. A logical elaboration of this idea leads to a dynamical neural architecture that oscillates between two fundamental network states, one driven by external input, and the other by recurrent synaptic drive in the absence of sensory input. Synaptic strength is modified by a proposed synaptic state matching (SSM) process that ensures equivalence of spike statistics between the two network states. Remarkably, SSM, operating locally at individual synapses, generates accurate and stable network-level predictive internal representations, enabling pattern completion and unsupervised feature detection from...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6282/version/1

The Role of Cognitive Dissonance in Social Networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henrique Akiba; Alvaro Machado Dias; Eduardo Oda; Ricardo Ikeda; Mauri Oliveira.
Context:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The principles behind the process of creating new, spontaneous sequences out of previously ordered non-declarative stimuli have been scarcely addressed and, for such reason, remain highly unknown. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Objective:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;This paper has four interconnected goals: &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(1) Introduce a new software-based neuropsychological test that can be used as a means to assess key aspects of the way people order and reorder non-declarative stimuli, based upon cognitive dissonance principles; (2) introduce a mathematical approach to the latter in ordering/re-ordering of non-declarative stimuli; &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(3) assess whether the principles of cognitive dissonance in ordering/re-ordering...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6682/version/1

Human microglial cells synthesize albumin in brain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sung-Min Ahn; Kyunghee Byun; Kun Cho; Jin Young Kim; Jong Shin Yoo; Deokhoon Kim; Sun Ha Paek; Seung U. Kim; Richard J. Simpson; Bonghee Lee.
Albumin has been implicated in Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease since it can bind to and transport amyloid beta, the causative agent; albumin is also a potent inhibitor of amyloid beta polymerization. In a pilot phase study of Human Brain Proteome Project, we found evidence that albumin may be synthesized in immortalized human microglial cells, human primary microglial cells, and human fetal and adult brain tissues. We also found the synthesis and secretion is enhanced upon microglial activation by Amyloid [beta]~1-42~, lipopolysaccharide treatment or human Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s brain.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1652/version/1

Quantitative MRI and MR Spectroscopy of Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease, Epilepsy and Cancer Microimaging Techniques
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rakesh Sharma.
Clinical MRI and MRS have promise in molecular imaging. Microimaging techniques offer a promising research tool to get noninvasive data in monitoring the effect of drugs.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3485/version/1

Nuisance Signal in Resting-State fMRI Study
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xi-Nian Zuo; Michael P. Milham.
We systematically presented various nuisance signals in resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) dataset. First, we examined the impact of different extraction methods on the default-mode pattern seeded by posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Second, we compared their differences in test-retest reliability. Finally, we speculated the equivalence of removing global mean signal to removing gray matter mean signal.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4352/version/1

Network-based analyses of Huntington&amp;#x2019;s Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ravi K. Kalathur; Matthias  E. Futschik.
The use of high-throughput technologies has provided us with large amounts of data for _Huntington&amp;#x27;s disease_ (HD), especially at the gene and protein levels. As phenotypic changes in HD may not just be due to the activity of individual genes but interrelated alterations of whole molecular networks, it is important to systematically analyse and represent accumulated data in a network-based approach.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods: To analyse and visualise protein interaction networks through a dedicated database to HD, we have established &amp;#x22;HDNetDB&amp;#x22;: http://hdnetdb.sysbiolab.eu. This platform will not only help to understand molecular mechanisms better, but also assist in identifying potential molecular markers...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7090/version/1

Developing Language Abilities by a Non-verbal Training : A fMRI Study
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Laurent Lefebvre; Danielle Bal&amp;#xe9;riaux; Philippe Paquier; Francis Lowenthal.
The language ability is a critical aspect of experimental design in functional imaging studies. Today, it is commonly accepted that the brain structures underlying the language are more distributed than the traditional Broca&amp;#x2019;s and Wernicke&amp;#x2019;s areas. Currently, some other areas as the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, the cerebellum or subcortical structures, notably, are recognised. However, a lesser studied question is to define if it is possible to observe a reorganisation of the activation observed during language tasks when the subjects have been trained to develop non-verbal abilities. Particularly, Bates and Ellman (1996) claim that probabilistic regularities are the basis of the language acquisition processing.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1904/version/1

1st INCF Workshop on NeuroImaging Database Integration
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lars  Forsberg; Per Roland.
The goal of this meeting was to map existing neuroimaging databases, particularly databases containing primary data, and to identify mechanisms that could facilitate integrated use of such databases, including possible fusion of databases. The report provides an overview of existing neuroimaging databases that were discussed during the workshop and examines the feasibility of database federations. The report includes several recommendations for future developments.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1781/version/1

The computational magic of the ventral stream
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tomaso Poggio.
I argue that the sample complexity of (biological, feedforward) object recognition is mostly due to geometric image transformations and conjecture that a main goal of the ventral stream &amp;#x2013; V1, V2, V4 and IT &amp;#x2013; is to learn-and-discount image transformations.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In the first part of the paper I describe a class of simple and biologically plausible memory-based modules that learn transformations from unsupervised visual experience. The main theorems show that these modules provide (for every object) a signature which is invariant to local affine transformations and approximately invariant for other transformations. I also prove that,&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;in a broad class of hierarchical architectures, signatures...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6117/version/2

On Real-Time Synthetic Primate Vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andrew A. Dankers; Nick Barnes; Walter F. Bischof; Alex Zelinsky.
The primate vision system exhibits numerous capabilities. Some important basic visual competencies include: 1) a consistent representation of visual space across eye movements; 2) egocentric spatial perception; 3) coordinated stereo fixation upon and pursuit of dynamic objects; and 4) attentional gaze deployment. We present a synthetic vision system that incorporates these competencies.We hypothesize that similarities between the underlying synthetic system model and that of the primate vision system elicit accordingly similar gaze behaviors. Psychophysical trials were conducted to record human gaze behavior when free-viewing a reproducible, dynamic, 3D scene. Identical trials were conducted with the synthetic system. A statistical comparison of synthetic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1241/version/1

Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Motion-Induced Blindness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Camilo Libedinsky; Tristram Savage; Margaret Livingstone.
Visual disappearance illusions - such as motion-induced blindness (MIB) - are commonly used to study the neural underpinnings of visual perception. In such illusions a salient visual target becomes perceptually invisible. Previous studies are inconsistent regarding the role of primary visual cortex (V1) in these illusions. Here we provide physiological and psychophysical evidence supporting a role for V1 in generating MIB.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1506/version/1

Integrative concept of homeostasis: translating physiology into medicine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ivan Spasojevic.
To truly understand living systems they must be viewed as a whole. In order to achieve this and to come to some law to which living systems obey, data obtained on cells, tissues and organs should be integrated. Because there are no such laws yet, there is usually a long path for physiological findings obtained by reductionist approaches to be translated into medical practice. The concept and accompanying equations of homeostasis presented here are aimed to develop biological laws and to bridge this gap between physiology and medicine. The concept of homeostasis takes into account energy input and output, enlisting all relevant contributors. In homeostasis, changes in the input should equal changes in the output within any specific period of time. What I...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6741/version/2

Maximizing decision rate in multisensory integration
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jan Drugowitsch; Alexandre Pouget; Gregory C. DeAngelis; Dora E. Angelaki.
Effective decision-making in an uncertain world requires making use of all available information, even if distributed across different sensory modalities, as well as trading off the speed of a decision with its accuracy. In tasks with a fixed stimulus presentation time, animal and human subjects have previously been shown to combine information from several modalities in a statistically optimal manner. Furthermore, for easily discriminable stimuli and under the assumption that reaction times result from a race-to-threshold mechanism, multimodal reaction times are typically faster than predicted from unimodal conditions when assuming independent (parallel) races for each modality. However, due to a lack of adequate ideal observer models, it has remained...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5822/version/1

Lost in information. On the processing of irrelevant signals in normal ageing
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Edmund Wascher; Nele Wild-Wall; Michael Falkenstein.
Healthy older adults often have problems to ignore irrelevant information. A lack of executive control upon irrelevant signals might be a core deficit affecting also higher level cognitive functions such as working memory. Here we show the origin of that deficit in a cuing task and demonstrate that older adults are not only unable to ignore irrelevant stimuli, but process them like relevant ones. Ample processing time can help to overcome this deficit.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2489/version/1

Computing the inverse of the neurophysiological spike-response transform
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vladimir Brezina; Estee Stern; Keyla Garcia-Crescioni; Mark W. Miller; Charles S. Peskin.
Consider the transform from a discrete neuronal spike train to a continuous neurophysiological response such as postsynaptic membrane voltage or muscle contraction.  Often, we can record only the response.  Here we therefore ask about the inverse of this transform: given the response, how can we estimate from it the spike train that produced it?  In previous work, we have developed a kernel-based &amp;#x22;decoding&amp;#x22; method for system identification of the forward transform.  Using several variant approaches based on this method, here we demonstrate how to identify the spike train, in the minimal case from just the response, with synthetic as well as real synaptic and neuromuscular data.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3472/version/1

Can Plant-Made Copper Chaperones Heal Early Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s Disease?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; J&amp;#xfc;rgen Horst.
Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (&amp;#x3e; 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression during early...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/2

Astrobiological Perspectives on Consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
The Stanley Miller experiment suggests that amino acid-based life is ubiquitous in our universe, although its varieties are not likely to have followed the particular, highly contingent and path-dependent, trajectory found on Earth. Are many of these life forms likely to be conscious in ways that we would recognize? Almost certainly. Will many conscious entities develop high order technology? Less likely. If so, will we be able to communicate with them? Only on a basic level, and only with profound difficulty. The argument is straightforward.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5286/version/1

Biophysical visual virtual reality in retinotopic visual areas
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Istv&amp;#xe1;n B&amp;#xf3;kkon; Jack Tuszynski; Vahid Salari.
Previously, we have pointed out that biophoton production can be a controlled process that originates from regulated redox/radical reactions. Our biophoton experiments support the notion that various visual related phenomena such as discrete retinal noise, retinal phosphenes as well as negative afterimages are due to biophotons. We have also suggested a new model, stating that the brain is able to create biophysical pictures in retinotopic visual areas via redox regulated biophotons of synchronized neurons. According to our interpretation, visualization (imagery) is a special kind of representation i.e., visual imagery requires peculiar inherent biophysical processes. Our idea of biophysical visual virtual reality in retinotopic areas may be a possible...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6051/version/1

Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease by NIRF Spectroscopy  and Nuclear Medicine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
There is an urgent need for the early detection of diseases such as Alzheimer&amp;#x2019;s (AD) and Cancers in order to enable their successful treatment. Cancer is the second major cause of death after Heart Disease, and AD is the third major cause of death with major, human and financial/economics trillion dollar consequences for the society. Nuclear Medicine is concerned with applications in Medicine of Nuclear Science and Engineering techniques and knowledge. Three major Nuclear Medicine techniques that are established for diagnostic and research purposes are: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and CAT/CT, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI/MRI). However, these three techniques have also major limitations in terms of either cost or image...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6271/version/1

The Physical Mechanism in Epilepsy - Understanding the Transition to Seizure
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dorian Aur.
The occurrence of seizures is a rare event with a very low probability of incidence.  Therefore, a new paradigm is required to understand how epileptic seizures are generated. Specifically, analytical models and experimental data analysis show that the process underlying seizure generation is a severe dysfunctional regulation of neuronal activity inside the epileptogenic region. Translated into significant changes of endogenous electric field, this dysfunction acts at fundamental level of charge dynamics and leads to chaotic diffusion and electrical resonances within clustered regions with high frequency oscillations (HFO). Since the altered regulation can be modeled by perturbed Hamiltonian systems with many degrees of freedom that describe the motion of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5398/version/1

&amp;#x27;Magnetized&amp;#x27; brains are slower: The cognitive effects of fMRI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jack R. Foucher; Daniel Gounot; Bich-Thuy Pham; Corinne Marrer; Andre Dufour.
MRI is generally thought to have no impact on cognition. Although safety experiments have shown that MRI is not harmful, its finer effects have not been investigated. Because we repeatedly observed delayed response time during functional MRI (fMRI), we designed an experiment to confirm this effect and to identify its causal factor(s), including environment, noise, static magnetic field and/or gradient switch. Here we show that the participants had increased response times of +70 ms (up to +30%) in two different detection tasks, with most of this effect due to the 2 Tesla static magnetic field. The latter also specifically accounted for the longer time interval needed to detect two stimuli as occurring successively rather than simultaneously. These...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2443/version/1

The effect of personality on reasoning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ascensi&amp;#xf3;n Fumero; Carlos Santamar&amp;#xed;a; Phil Johnson-Laird.
The ability to reason depends on intelligence, but preferences for different sorts of reasoning may depend on an individual&amp;#x2019;s personality. The possibility is unlikely if reasoning is akin to a formal proof in logic.  But, such effects are predicted from the theory that reasoning is a semantic process of envisaging possibilities consistent with the meanings of premises and knowledge. According to the standard &amp;#x2018;big five&amp;#x2019; model of personality, individuals differ in their openness to experience and in their conscientiousness.  Certain inferential problems are ambiguous, e.g., if a pilot falls from a plane without a parachute then the pilot dies; this pilot didn&amp;#x2019;t die; how come? A deductive response is: the pilot...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2099/version/1

Rapid extinction of cocaine craving: toward a novel cue exposure therapy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Serge H. Ahmed; George F. Koob.
Cocaine does not only evoke intense rewarding sensations but also induces craving for more cocaine. This latter effect is especially obvious in addicted individuals and is thought to contribute together with other factors to trigger relapse after abstinence. Cocaine-induced craving can be studied in animals in the drug reinstatement model. In this model, responding for the drug (e.g., pressing a lever) is first extinguished by discontinuing drug reinforcement and then reinstated by drug priming (i.e., non-contingent re-exposure to the drug) or stress. Importantly, during reinstatement testing, responses continue to be unrewarded as during extinction and, therefore, reflect genuine drug seeking. Here we show that reinstatement of cocaine seeking can be...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2980/version/1

Face Cognition: A Set of Distinct Mental Abilities
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Oliver Wilhelm; Grit Herzmann; Olga Kunina; Werner Sommer.
Perceiving, learning, and recognizing faces swiftly and accurately is of paramount importance to humans as a social species. Though established functional models of face cognition&amp;#x3c;sup&amp;#x3e;1,2&amp;#x3c;/sup&amp;#x3e; suggest the existence of multiple abilities in face cognition, the number of such abilities and the relationships among them and to other cognitive abilities can only be determined by studying individual differences. Here we investigated individual differences in a broad variety of indicators of face cognition and identified for the first time three component abilities: face perception, face memory, and the speed of face cognition. These component abilities were replicated in an independent study and were found to be robustly...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1385/version/1

The Etiology of Depression in Parkinson&amp;#x27;s Disease
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dafhna Sourani; Renana Eitan; Gadi  Oelman.
Although a high percentage of Parkinson&amp;#x27;s disease (PD) patients suffer from depression in addition to their motor disabilities, the etiology of this depression is unknown. Within the framework of the monoamine deficiency hypothesis of depression, we present a neuronal circuitry that accounts for depression in PD. Using behavioral and direct neuronal circuitry measurements we show that the habenula mediates the coupling between the dopaminergic and the serotonergic systems and argue that alterations in basal ganglia activity cause habenula hyperactivity that result with depression in PD. Behavioral results from novelty suppressed feeding and force swim tests, as well as direct circuitry measures with manganese enhanced MRI indicate (i)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4804/version/1

The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/2

Control of konzo in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: J. Howard Bradbury; Chretienne Mandombi; D Nahimana; J. P. Banea; Ian C. Denton; N Kuwa.
Konzo is an upper motor neuron disease that causes irreversible paralysis of the legs mainly in children and young women^1,2^, due to consumption of large amounts of cyanogens from poorly processed cassava, the staple food of tropical Africa^3^. Konzo occurs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),Mozambique, Tanzania, Cameroon, Central African Republic and Angola. In March 2010 the wetting method, which removes cyanogens from cassava flour^4,5,6^, was taught to and used by the mothers of Kay Kalenge village. This reduced the total cyanide content of cassava flour to the FAO/WHO limit of 10ppm^7^. Cyanogen intake of school children, monitored by urinary thiocyanate analyses, decreased from mean values of 332 to 130 &amp;#x3bc;mole/L. The percentage of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Neuroscience; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6520/version/1

INCF  --   new capability for global coordination in neuroinformatics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jan G. Bjaalie.
The Global Science Forum (GSF) of the OECD has initiated a new international organization, INCF, to further the development of Neuroinformatics as a global effort with the support of all ministers of research within OECD. This presentation explains the background for the establishment of the INCF, outlines some of the goals, and defines the operations of the INCF Secretariat in relation the INCF National nodes and the general neuroscience community.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7/version/1

Novel network pharmacology methods for drug mechanism of action identification, pre-clinical drug screening and drug repositioning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jianghui Xiong.
The high rates of failure in oncology drug clinical trials highlight the problems of using pre-clinical data to predict the clinical effects of drugs. Here we present two methodology innovations on network pharmacology modeling. (1) We hypothesize that the gene network associated with cancer outcome in heterogeneous patient populations could serve as a reference for identifying drug effects. We proposed a novel in vivo genetic interaction between genes as &amp;#x2018;synergistic outcome determination&amp;#x2019;, in a similar way to &amp;#x2018;synthetic lethality&amp;#x2019;. We scanned above genetic interactions based on microarray profiling for cancer prognosis, and identified a cluster of important yet epigenetically regulated gene modules. By...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6455/version/1

Seeing the invisible: The scope and limits of unconscious processing in binocular rivalry
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhicheng Lin; Sheng He.
When an image is presented to one eye and a very different image is presented to the corresponding location of the other eye, they compete for conscious representation, such that only one image is visible at a time while the other is suppressed. Called binocular rivalry, this phenomenon and its deviants have been extensively exploited to study the mechanism and neural correlates of consciousness. In this paper, we propose a framework, the unconscious binding hypothesis, to distinguish unconscious processing from conscious processing. According to this framework, the unconscious mind not only encodes individual features but also temporally binds distributed features to give rise to cortical representation, but unlike conscious binding, such unconscious...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2246/version/1

MSTd Neurons Encode Nonlinear Combinations of Retinal and Extra-retinal Signals
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lukas Brostek.
Neuronal activity in the dorsal Medial Superior Temporal area (MSTd) is assumed to depend on both retinal and extra-retinal input. Most of the neurons show activity when presented with a moving large-field visual stimulus. In addition, many MSTd neurons are activated during smooth pursuit eye movements even in the absence of retinal input. However, the interaction between the retinal and extra-retinal input is not yet fully understood.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Here we present novel insights regarding the tuning of MSTd neurons for combinations of different input variables using an information-theoretic approach. Neuronal tuning functions can be expressed by the conditional probability of observing a spike given any combination of input variables. However,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5938/version/1

1st INCF Workshop on Neuroanatomical Nomenclature and Taxonomy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mihail Bota; Larry Swanson.
The goal of this workshop was to agree on a general strategy for developing a systematic, useful, and scientifically appropriate framework for neuroanatomical nomenclature. The workshop focused on general principles that will serve as a basis for future decisions on implementation strategies. The report discusses the problems arising from the use of different parcellation schemes and use of different terminologies and highlights the need of a universal vocabulary for describing the structural organization of the nervous system. Workshop participants encourage the creation of an International Coordinating Committee for Neuroanatomical Nomenclature and propose short- and long-term goals for such a committee.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1780/version/1

An illusion induced by an illusion -perceptual filling-in of coloured negative afterimages
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Adam Geremek; Kai Hamburger; Lothar Spillmann.
Visual filling-in relates to a perceptual phenomenon in which a stimulus pattern apparently undergoes dynamic changes assuming an attribute such as colour, texture, or brightness from the surround. This perceptual completion effect has up to now been shown only for real images. Here, we present filling-in in negative afterimages, a phenomenon not yet reported. Using coloured disk-ring patterns for stimuli, we demonstrate that afterimage filling-in arises independently, and is not simply a replica of filling-in observed in real images. Such filling-in does not occur when the afterimage is elicited dichoptically, suggesting its emergence within the monocular visual pathway. In this way, our findings indicate that filling-in under certain conditions may...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3789/version/1

Working memory: Is it the new IQ?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tracy Packiam Alloway; Ross G. Alloway.
Working memory, our ability to process and remember information, is linked to a range of cognitive activities from reasoning tasks to verbal comprehension. There is also extensive evidence of the relationship between working memory and learning outcomes. However, some researchers suggest that working memory is simply a proxy for IQ and does not make a unique contribution to learning outcomes. Here we show that children&amp;#x27;s working memory skills at 5 years of age was the best predictor of reading, spelling, and math outcomes six years later. IQ, in contrast, accounted for a smaller portion of unique variance to reading and math skills, and was not a significant predictor of spelling performance. Our results demonstrate that working memory is not a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2343/version/1

Experimental demonstration of associative memory with memristive neural networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuriy Pershin; Massimiliano Di Ventra.
When someone mentions the name of a known person we immediately recall her face and possibly many other traits. This is because we possess the so-called associative memory - the ability to correlate different memories to the same fact or event. Associative memory is such a fundamental and encompassing human ability (and not just human) that the network of neurons in our brain must perform it quite easily. The question is then whether electronic neural networks - electronic schemes that act somewhat similarly to human brains - can be built to perform this type of function. Although the field of neural networks has developed for many years, a key element, namely the synapses between adjacent neurons, has been lacking a satisfactory electronic representation....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3258/version/1

Gulf War Syndrome: A role for organophosphate induced plasticity of locus coeruleus neurons
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jun-li  Cao; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald C. Cooper.
Gulf War syndrome is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has affected about a quarter of the deployed veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Exposure to prolonged low-level organophosphate insecticides and other toxic chemicals is now thought to be responsible. Chlorpyrifos was one commonly used insecticide. The metabolite of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, is a potent irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, much like the nerve agent Sarin. To date, the target brain region(s) most susceptible to the neuroactive effects of chlorpyrifos oxon have yet to be identified. To address this we tested ability of chlorpyrifos oxon to influence neuronal excitability and induce lasting changes in the locus coeruleus, a brain region implicated in anxiety, substance...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6057/version/1

Fighting Risky Population Synchronization: Desynchronization and Stabilization in Spatially Structured Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ming Luo.
Population synchronization exists ubiquitously in ecological systems, of which the underlying causes and the roles in species extinction remain a perplexing puzzle. It is generally believed that the coherence of population dynamics is detrimental and regarded as a major cause of global extinction. A central but unsolved question in ecology of great importance for conservation and biological control is how to destroy the pernicious coherent structures. Here, a top-down approach is adopted to tackle the challenge. A feedback strategy accordingly is applied to stabilize the metacommunity, i.e., to reduce excessive metapopulation fluctuations by means of introducing or removing a planned number of individuals. As a result, the feedback desynchronizes...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6673/version/1

Why overlearned sequences are special: distinct neural networks in the right hemisphere for ordinal sequences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vani Pariyadath; Sara J. Churchill; David M. Eagleman.
Written and spoken words activate left hemisphere areas involved in language processing. However, we here show that overlearned sequences (e.g. letters, numbers, weekdays, months) involve an unexpected right hemispheric activation in both the middle temporal gyrus and temporoparietal junction. Our findings offer a framework for understanding neuropsychological patterns seen in conditions such as synesthesia, in which anomalous perceptual experiences are triggered by overlearned sequences, and also in semantic dementia, in which left hemisphere damage disrupts word knowledge even while sequences can be spared.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2452/version/1

A sensorimotor area (NIf) is required for the production of learned vocalizations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sharon M. H. Gobes; Bence P. &amp;#xd6;lveczky.
Sensory feedback is essential for the acquisition of complex motor behaviors, including birdsong. In zebra finches, auditory feedback is relayed to the descending motor pathway primarily through the nucleus interfacialis nidopalii (NIf). NIf projects to HVC - a premotor region essential for song, which projects to RA, a motor cortex analogue brain area that drives muscle activity required for vocalizations. NIf is also essential for &amp;#x2018;sleep replay&amp;#x2019;, a recapitulation of song-related neural dynamics in the motor pathway during sleep. Despite being one of the major inputs to the song control pathway, there is no known role for NIf in the production of zebra finch song. To address this, we reversibly inactivated NIf using TTX or Muscimol...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5856/version/1

BBSRC Data Sharing Policy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Amanda Collis; David McAllister; Michael Ball.
BBSRC recognizes the importance of contributing to the growing international efforts in data sharing. BBSRC is committed to getting the best value for the funds we invest and believes that making research data more readily available will reinforce open scientific inquiry and stimulate new investigations and analyses. BBSRC supports the view that data sharing should be led by the scientific community and driven by scientific need. It should also be cost effective and the data shared should be of the highest quality. Members of the community are expected and encouraged to practice and promote data sharing, determine standards and best practice, and create a scientific culture in which data sharing is embedded.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Data Standards.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6015/version/1

TRPC4 ion channel protein is selectively expressed in a subpopulation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kurt R. Illig; Andrew  L. Varnell; Eric M. Ostertag; William  D. Klipec; Donald  C. Cooper.
The nonselective cation channel TRPC4 has been shown to be present in high abundance in the corticolimbic regions of the brain and play a pivotal role in modulating cellular excitability due to their involvement in intracellular Ca^2+^ regulation. Recently we reported their involvement in socialization and regulating anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Given the important role for dopamine in modulating emotions involved in social anxiety we investigated whether TRPC4 protein and mRNA was found on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Using emulsion autoradiography we found that TRPC4 mRNA is indeed present in the VTA and the substantia nigra. Additionally, immunohistochemistry verified it&amp;#x2019;s presence on a subpopulation of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6577/version/1

The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron G. Filler.
A steady series of advances in physics, mathematics, computers and clinical imaging science have progressively transformed diagnosis and treatment of neurological and neurosurgical disorders in the 115 years between the discovery of the X-ray and the advent of high resolution diffusion based functional MRI. The story of the progress in human terms, with its battles for priorities, forgotten advances, competing claims, public battles for Nobel Prizes, and patent priority litigations bring alive the human drama of this remarkable collective achievement in computed medical imaging.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/4

Complex Systems Analysis of Arrested Neural Cell Differentiation during Development and Analogous Cell Cycling Models in Carcinogenesis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I C. Baianu; V. I. Prisecaru.
A new approach to the modular, complex systems analysis of nonlinear dynamics of arrested neural cell Differentiation--induced cell proliferation during organismic development and the analogous cell cycling network transformations involved in carcinogenesis is proposed. Neural tissue arrested differentiation that induces cell proliferation during perturbed development and Carcinogenesis are complex processes that involve dynamically inter-connected biomolecules in the intercellular, membrane, cytosolic, nuclear and nucleolar compartments. Such &amp;#x27;dynamically inter-connected&amp;#x27; biomolecules form numerous inter-related pathways referred to as &amp;#x27;molecular networks&amp;#x27;. One such family of signaling pathways contains the cell...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7101/version/1

Antidepressant suppression of REM and spindle sleep impairs hippocampus-dependent learning and memory but fosters striatal-dependent strategies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alain Watts; Howard Gritton; Jamie Sweigart; Gina Poe.
REM sleep enhances hippocampus-dependent associative memory but has little impact on striatal-dependent procedural learning. Antidepressant medications like desipramine (DMI) inhibit rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep but it is little understood how antidepressant treatments affect learning. We found that DMI strongly suppressed REM sleep in rats for several hours and impaired reconsolidation of a familiar maze and consolidation of moved baited positions (reversal learning) in a sleep-dependent fashion. Unexpectedly, DMI also reduced the spindle-rich transition-to-REM sleep state (TR) and spatial memory changes were more related to TR than to REM sleep. Working memory was unaffected, but overnight reference memory was significantly impaired and subjects...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6524/version/1

Deletion of the trpc4 gene and its role in simple and complex strategic learning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William  D. Klipec; Phuong  Nguyen; Bridget  Deeney; Claire  Williamson; Kami  Wenzel; Jessica  Stumme; Marissa  Collins; Abby  Drish; Laura  Swenson; Eric  Ostertag; Donald C. Cooper.
The TRPC4 ion channel is expressed extensively in corticolimbic and a subpopulation of midbrain dopamine neurons. While TRPC4 knockout (KO) rats exhibit reduced sociability and social exploration, little is known about the role of TRPC4 in motivation and learning. To identify a function for TRPC4 channels in learning processes &amp;#xa0;we tested TRPC4 KO and normal&amp;#xa0;wild type (WT) rats. TRPC4 KO and WT rats exhibited no differences in Y-&amp;#xad;maze&amp;#xa0;learning or simple discrimination learning. Furthermore, on a more complex serial reversal shift task designed &amp;#xa0;to assess strategic learning where the reward and non-&amp;#xad;reward cues were repeatedly reversed between training sessions both TRPC4 KO and WT rats &amp;#xa0;...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6929/version/1

Fibromyalgia: A Unifying Neuroendocrinologic Model for Understanding Its Pathophysiology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Dorsher.
Fibromyalgia is believed to affect at least 2% of the population. Despite advances in the scientific understanding of the derangements of central and peripheral pain processing mechanisms in fibromyalgia, no current models of its pathophysiology account for the other clinical conditions associated with it such as fatigue, migraine headache, irritable bowel syndrome, and sleep cycle abnormalities. A neuroendocrinologic model of fibromyalgia is presented that accommodates both its known central and peripheral pain mechanisms as well as the myriad of hormonal, visceral, and psychological symptoms associated with that disorder. This model also provides a unifying pathophysiologic basis of fibromyalgia and chronic muscle pain, and offers the potential for...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2595/version/1

MRI and MRSI Application in Neurodegeneration
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rakesh Sharma.
MRI combined with MR spectroscopy generates better information of both brain tissue composition and mesurement of metabolites or neurochemicals in multiple sclerosis(MS), Alzheimer&amp;#x27;s disease and epilepsy. New fast imaging techniques are technical advance in visualizing accurate anatomy and measurement of absolute neurochemicals in brain. Gray metter seated MS lesions is a new form of disease and lesion may appear normal on MRI but show spectroscopy peaks. High magnetic field scanners are available for fast imaging.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4317/version/1

How the Discovery of Brain Correlates of Consciousness Supports Non-Reductive Physicalism
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alfredo Pereira Jr.
In this work I attempt to justify the claim that the discovery of statistically relevant brain correlates of consciousness supports Non-Reductive Physicalism. First I distinguish the main varieties of Reductive and Non-Reductive Physicalism, selecting the right one that is benefited by progress in brain sciences. Second, I discuss epistemological problems in the search of brain correlates of consciousness, focusing on the simultaneous occurrence of conscious activity, known by means of subjective report, and the corresponding brain activity, registered with the help of technology. Finally, I argue &amp;#x2013; using Salmon&amp;#xb4;s concept of Statistical Explanation - that statistics affords a distinction of causal (physical) from casual (illusory)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6969/version/1

Area Postrema
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Allen Institute for Brain Science; Katie J. Glattfelder; Lydia L. Ng; John A. Morris.
This report contains a gene expression summary of the area postrema (AP), derived from the &amp;#x22;Allen Brain Atlas&amp;#x22;:http://www.brain-map.org/welcome.do;jsessionid=EDE40ADC940845D169DE378ADC9B71BD (ABA) in-situ hybridization (ISH) mouse data set.  The structure&amp;#x2019;s location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the &amp;#x22;Allen Reference Atlas&amp;#x22;:http://www.brain-map.org/mouse/atlas/coronal/legend.html.  Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the AP were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the medulla, for the purpose of extracting regionally specific gene expression data. The highest ranking ratios were then manually...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Genetics &amp; Genomics; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2053/version/1

Vision senses number directly
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John Ross; David C. Burr.
We have recently suggested that numerosity is a primary sensory attribute, showing that it is strongly susceptible to adaptation. Here we use the Method of Single Stimuli (MSS) to show that observers can extract a running average of the numerosity of a succession of stimuli and hold it in mind for use as a standard of comparison for subsequent stimuli. Accuracy and precision of judgments are high and not reduced by potentially misleading variables like texture density or display area.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2792/version/1

Category of Metabolic-Replication Systems in Biology and Medicine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
Metabolic-repair models, or (M,R)-systems were introduced in Relational Biology by Robert Rosen. Subsequently, Rosen represented such (M,R)-systems (or simply MRs)in terms of categories of sets, deliberately selected without any structure other than the discrete topology of sets. Theoreticians of life&amp;#x27;s origins postulated that Life on Earth has begun with the simplest possible organism, called the primordial. Mathematicians interested in biology attempted to answer this important question of the minimal living organism by defining the functional relations that would have made life possible in such a minimal system- a grandad and grandma of all living organisms on Earth.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Microbiology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7045/version/1

Implications of Neuroscience Developments in Understanding Human Behavior for Teaching Agricultural Economics/Agribusiness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schurle,   Bryan W.; Bruce,   Amanda S.; Bruce,   Jared M.; Zereyesus,   Yacob Abrehe.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Behavioral economics; Teaching; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61289

Using Biomedical Technologies to Inform Economic Modeling: Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Analysis of Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Brian E.; Haab,   Timothy C.
Advances in biomedical technology have irrevocably jarred open the black box of human decision making, offering social scientists the potential to validate, reject, refine and redefine the individual models of resource allocation that form the foundation of modern economics.  In this paper we (1) provide a comprehensive overview of the biomedical methods that may be harnessed by economists and other social scientists to better understand the economic decision making process; (2) review research that utilizes these biomedical methods to illuminate fundamental aspects of the decision making process; and (3) summarize evidence from this literature concerning the basic tenants of neoclassical utility that are often invoked for positive welfare analysis of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Neuroeconomics; Neuroscience; Brain imaging; Genetics; Welfare economics; Utility theory; Biology; Decision making; Preferences; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D01; D03; D6; D87.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49151

Neuroethics: the pursuit of transforming medical ethics in scientific ethics
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: Figueroa,Gustavo.
Ethical problems resulting from brain research have given rise to a new discipline termed neuroethics, representing a new kind of knowledge capable of discovering the neural basis for universal ethics. The article (1) tries to evaluate the contributions of neuroethics to medical ethics and its suitability to outline the foundations of universal ethics, (2) critically analyses the process of founding this universal ethic. The potential benefits of applying neuroimaging, psy-chopharmacology and neurotechnology have to be carefully weighed against their potential harm. In view of these questions, an intensive dialogue between neuroscience and the humanities is more necessary than ever.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Neuroethics; Free will; Mind-body problem; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602016000100011

Influence of schooling and age on cognitive performance in healthy older adults
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Bento-Torres,N.V.O.; Bento-Torres,J.; Tomás,A.M.; Costa,V.O.; Corrêa,P.G.R.; Costa,C.N.M.; Jardim,N.Y.V.; Picanço-Diniz,C.W.
Few studies have examined the influence of a low level of schooling on age-related cognitive decline in countries with wide social and economic inequalities by using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of schooling on age-related cognitive decline using unbiased cognitive tests. CANTAB allows cognitive assessment across cultures and education levels with reduced interference of the examiner during data acquisition. Using two-way ANOVA, we assessed the influences of age and education on test scores of old adults (61–84 years of age). CANTAB tests included: Visual Sustained Attention, Reaction Time, Spatial Working Memory, Learning and Episodic Memory. All subjects had a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Age-related cognitive decline; Primary prevention; Education; Neuropsychological tests; Memory; Neuroscience; CANTAB.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2017000400702