Consulta: subjectFacets:"Nutrient runoff"
Registros recuperados: 8
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 05:51:42

Phosphorus-Based Application of Livestock Manure and the Law of Unintended Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norwood,   F. Bailey; Chvosta,   Jan.
The application of manure phosphorus at rates above crop uptake has resulted in water pollution for some regions.  In response, new manure management standards will require some farms to match manure phosphorus applications rates with crop uptake.  For some regions, this will lead to more crop acres and a shift toward crops with greater nutrient uptake, both of which will increase nitrogen runoff.  The greater nitrogen runoff could offset the lower phosphorus runoff to result in greater water pollution.  This demonstrates the law of unintended consequences, which results when policy does not consider how economic agents respond to incentives.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Best management practice; Eutrophication; Manure management; Nutrient runoff; Phosphorus standards; Pollution control; Water pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; D6; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43715

Agri-Environmental Program Compliance in a Heterogeneous Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum.  But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement.  This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers.  While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring.  We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs.  An empirical simulation model suggests...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37797

Biofuel policies and the environment: the effects of biofuel feedstock production on climate, water quality and biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
In this paper we examine the multiple environmental effects of policies promoting biofuel production from agricultural crops. We develop theoretical and empirical frameworks and provide an integrated economic and ecological modelling approach: an economic model of farmers’ decision making is combined with a biophysical model predicting the effects of farming practices on crop yields and multiple environmental effects. The analysed environmental effects include GHG emissions over the life cycle, nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, herbicide runoff and the quality of wildlife habitats. Model is applied to crop production in Finland. We found that the overall environmental performance of alternative land use types is mainly driven by the value of CO2-eq emissions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life cycle analysis; Nutrient runoff; Herbicide runoff; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51677

Multifunctional Agriculture: A Framework and Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
We study the multifunctional character of agriculture in a model of endogenous input use and land allocation augmented by biodiversity, landscape amenity, and nutrient runoff. While biodiversity and landscape amenities represent the public good aspects of agriculture, nutrient runoff represents its negative externalities. We show that the private use of fertilizer input is higher and the size of buffer strips lower than the socially optimal solution requires. Also the socially optimal land allocation differs from the private solution due to the valuation of landscape diversity and runoff damages. The optimal policy is to use a differentiated fertilizer tax and a differentiated buffer strip subsidy and to determine their levels by the equality between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; First-best instruments; Landscape mosaic; Multifunctional agriculture; Nutrient runoff; Shannon diversity index; Species-area relationship; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24947

Agri-environmental program compliance under heterogeneous conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381

PHOSPHORUS-BASED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLANNING ON DAIRY/POULTRY FARMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Xiao; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Nordberg,   Tone; Wolfe,   Mary Leigh.
The effects of phosphorus (P)-based nutrient management plans on economic and environmental risks of dairy and dairy-poultry farms in Virginia were evaluated.  Phosphorus-based nutrient management plans can greatly reduce P runoff risk but also reduce farmers' returns.  P-based plans cause greater reductions in returns and P runoff on the dairy-poultry farm than on the dairy only farm.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Cost; Mathematical programming; Simulation; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21756

Counterfactual approach for assessing agri-environmental policy: The case of the Finnish water protection policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
This paper applies counterfactual approach to assess the impacts of agri-environmental programs. Counterfactual analysis evaluates policies answering questions: what would have happened if...? We develop a theoretical framework for counterfactual analysis based on the inter-linkages between the behaviour of agents and the response of environmental systems to the economic decisions. We apply our model to assess the performance of the Finnish Agri- Environmental Programme to reduce agricultural nutrient runoff to the Baltic Sea. Counterfactual analysis allows us to determine both the unit effectiveness of the measures included in the Programme and its preventive impact. We demonstrate that the Finnish Agri- Environmental Programme does not achieve its goals,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy evaluation; Counterfactual analysis; Nutrient runoff; The Baltic Sea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q5; H23; H43.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98993

Multifunctionality: Environment versus Rural Viability in Social Optima
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ollikainen,   Markku; Lankoski,   Jussi E.
We examine policy implications of including rural viability to the notion of multifunctional agriculture. We assume that rural viability refers predominantly to the number of people living in rural areas to keep the infrastructure and living conditions at good state for a good life. The economic core of viability is employment in agriculture and agriculture serving sectors. Viability benefits are modelled with the help of a viability valuation function. We demonstrate that rural viability entails adjusting fertilizer tax and buffer strip subsidy below their environmental first-best Pigouvian levels to reflect the direct and indirect employment effects of agricultural production. Moreover, when non-agricultural land use is present, an additional,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Employment; Nutrient runoff; Rural viability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90683