Consulta: subjectFacets:"O11"
Registros recuperados: 35
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 15:41:04

Reconsiderando la metodología FAO sobre el cálculo del número de personas que pasan hambre en el mundo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morales-Opazo,   Cristian; Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús.
FAO measure of undernourishment is calculated based on three main parameters: dietary energy supply (DES), minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER), and the coefficient of variation of dietary energy consumption (CV). In the current implementation of this methodology, the DES and the MDER change over time, as would be expected. The CV, however, remains constant. However, we expect the CV to change over time and be a function of income and prices. This paper discusses why the CV should change in response to changes in these variables, and suggests a practical way to estimate changes in the CV over time in the absence of survey data.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Income; Prices; Consumption; Undernourishment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; E21; O11; O19.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120198

Use of household food insecurity scales for assessing poverty in Bangladesh and Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Zeller,   Manfred.
An important dimension of poverty is access to food. Household food security implies access to the food needed for a healthy and productive life. Lack of access to and/or impaired utilization of food contribute to household food insecurity. This study compares the usefulness of a standardized food insecurity scale for determining the food insecurity status of rural and urban households in Bangladesh and Uganda, and for predicting poverty status. The analysis uses data from the IRIS Composite Survey Household Questionnaire (2004), which consists of 1,587 households (approximately 800 households in each country). The coping mechanisms adopted in the presence of food shortages represent the building blocks for the development of the scale (7 items). In order...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food insecurity scale; Poverty; Bangladesh; Uganda; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O11; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57164

Demographic Determinants of Savings: Estimating and Interpreting the Aggregate Association in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schultz,   T. Paul.
Life cycle savings is proposed as one explanation for much of the increase in savings and economic growth in Asia. The association between the age composition of a nation’s population and its savings rate, observed within 16 Asian countries from 1952 to 1992, is reestimated here to be less than a quarter the size reported in a seminal study, which assumed lagged savings is exogenous. Specification tests as well as common sense imply, moreover, that lagged savings is likely to be endogenous, and when estimated accordingly there remains no significant dependence of savings on the age composition, measured in several ways. Research should consider lifetime savings as a substitute for children, and model the causes for the decline in fertility which changes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Life cycle savings; Aging; Asian growth; Demographic transition; Financial Economics; D91; J11; O11; O53.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28409

Modelling the Fiscal Effects of Aid: An Impulse Response Approach for Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrissey,   Oliver; Osei,   Robert; Lloyd,   Tim A.
An important feature of aid to developing countries is that it is given to the government. As a result aid has the potential to affect budgetary behaviour. Although the (albeit limited) aid-growth literature has addressed the effect of aid on policy, it has tended to neglect the effect of aid on the fiscal behaviour of governments. While fiscal response models have been developed to examine the effects of aid on fiscal aggregates - taxation, expenditure and borrowing - the underlying theory is ad hoc and empirical methods used are subject to severe limitations. This paper applies techniques developed in the "macroeconometrics" literature to estimate the dynamic structural relationship between aid and fiscal aggregates. Using vector autoregressive methods,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aid; Fiscal Response; Ghana; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F35; O23; O11; O55.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26226

New Results On Censored Regression with Applications to Transactions Costs, Household Decisions and Food Purchases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holloway,   Garth J.; Mazzocchi,   Mario; Perali,   Carlo Federico.
We generalize the Tobit censored regression to permit unique unobserved censoring thresholds conditioned by covariates and a set of common response coefficients. This situation , we argue, is one arising frequently in applications of censored regression and we provide three diverse examples to motivate the theory. We derive a robust estimation algorithm with three noteworthy features. First, by augmenting the observed-data likelihood with the censored observations, the estimation strategy is the same as Chib (1992) who derives Bayes estimates of the conventional censored regression. Second, by virtue of its generality, the model is applicable to a much broader set of circumstances than the conventional Tobit regression, which is nested as a special case of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conditionally censored Tobit regression; Bayes inference; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; O11; C34; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25293

Institutions and Development: A View from Below
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pande,   Rohini; Udry,   Christopher R.
In this paper we argue the case for greater exploitation of synergies between research on specific institutions based on micro-data and the big questions posed by the institutions and growth literature. To date, the macroeconomic literature on institutions and growth has largely relied on cross-country regression evidence. This has provided compelling evidence for a causal link between a cluster of ‘good’ institutions and more rapid long run growth. However, an inability to disentangle the effects of specific institutional channels on growth or to understand the impact of institutional change on growth will limit further progress using a cross-country empirical strategy. We suggest two research programs based on micro-data that have significant potential....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Growth; Cross-country regressions; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; O11; O12; O17; P51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28468

Re-testing the Resource Curse Hypothesis Using Panel Data and an Improved Measure of Resource Intensity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rambaldi,   Alicia N.; Hall,   Greg; Brown,   Richard P.C.
Most empirical studies of the Resource Curse Hypothesis (RCH) find evidence of a strong negative relationship between a country's natural resource abundance and economic growth. We question the reliability of these findings in relation to the definitions and measures used for both resource intensity and economic growth, and the econometric testing which we consider deficient. We use an alternative, per capita resource rents measure of resource intensity that excludes renewable resources and avoids the circularity and bias of other output-related measures. Using Cluster Analysis, we compare the grouping of countries on the basis of three resource intensity definitions; viz. Sachs and Warner's (1995), Gylfason and Zoega's (2002) and our per capita rents, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource Curse Hypothesis; Economic growth; Resource rents; Panel evidence; Cluster Analysis; Governance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q32; O13; O11; F43.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25289

Impeded Industrial Restructuring: The Growth Penalty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Audretsch,   David B.; Carree,   M.A.; van Stel,   A.J.; Thurik,   A.R.
This paper documents that a process of industrial restructuring has been transforming the developed economies, where large corporations are accounting for less economic activity and small firms are accounting for a greater share of economic activity. Not all countries, however, are experiencing the same shift in their industrial structures. Very little is known about the cost of resisting this restructuring process. The goal of this paper is to identify whether there is a cost, measured in terms of forgone growth, of an impeded restructuring process. The cost is measured by linking growth rates of OECD countries to deviations from the optimal industrial structure. The empirical evidence suggests that countries impeding the restructuring process pay a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industry structure; Firm size distribution; Entrepreneurship; Economic growth; Industrial Organization; O11; L11.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26254

Tourism and Development: A Recent Phenomenon Built on Old (Institutional) Roots?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brau,   Rinaldo; Di Liberto,   Adriana; Pigliaru,   Francesco.
Is tourism an opportunity for lagging countries in the elusive quest for growth (Easterly, 2002)? Recent empirical evidence suggests that the answer is a cautious yes. Aggregate cross-country data show that tourism specialization is likely to be associated with higher per capita GDP growth rates than those observed in industrialized countries. However, this evidence ignores the importance of institutional quality and results are likely to be biased by omitted variable problems. In this paper we frame our starting question within the general debate about the importance of good/bad institutions as fundamental determinants of economic growth (Acemoglu et al., 2001) and ask whether previous positive results of tourism on growth are in fact driven by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Tourism Specialization; Institutions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O11; O50; O47; F43; L83.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59425

Technology Change: Sources and Impediments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav; Irons,   Mallory; Huang,   Yanjing.
There is little doubt that technology change, both in terms of its process and quality dimensions, represents the principal driving force to explain comparative economic performance at both micro and macro levels.  This paper examines the sources of technology change and the impediments to the full realization of its opportunities, both abstractly and in the context of a comparison among six typologically diverse developing countries.  Among the external sources, we examine the roles of trade, foreign patents and FDI; among the internal sources we examine the roles of investment, domestic R&amp;D, domestic patents, S&amp;T personnel and secondary education alternatives.  Among impediments, we analyze certain public and private policy frameworks which tend...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Development; Technological Change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O11; O14; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118647

The End of an Era? The Medium- and Long-Term Effects of the Global Crisis on Growth in Low-Income Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berg,   Andrew; Papageorgiou,   Chris; Pattillo,   Catherine; Spatafora,   Nikola.
This paper investigates the medium- and long-term growth effects of the global financial crises on Low-Income Countries (LICs). Using several methodological approaches, including impulse response function analysis, growth spells techniques and panel regressions, we show that external demand (ED) shocks are not historically associated with sharp declines in output growth. Given existing evidence that LICs were primarily impacted by such a shock in the global financial crisis, our analysis provides some optimism on the chances that LICs will avoid a protracted period of slow growth. However, we also show that there seem to be persistent output losses associated with ED shocks in the medium-run. In terms of policy implications, our analysis provides evidence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global financial crisis; External shocks; Low-income countries; Medium- and long-term growth; Impulse response functions; Growth spells; Panel growth regressions; Agribusiness; O11; O19; O23; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115524

BLUNT TO SHARPENED RAZOR: INCREMENTAL REFORM AND DISTORTIONS IN THE PRODUCT AND CAPITAL MARKETS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Tan,   Kong-Yam.
A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183

Impact of the EU Milk Quota on Structural Change in the Dairy Sectors of Germany and The Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huettel,   Silke; Jongeneel,   Roelof A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Markov Chain; Milk Quota Scheme; Structural Change; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; O11; C11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50943

Geography and Economic Transition: Global Spatial Analysis at the Grid Cell Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Motamed,   Mesbah J.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Masters,   William J.
This paper addresses the timing of historical transition from rural to urban activity. In our model, rural production has constant returns and meets subsistence needs, while urban production has scale economies and meets the demands of higher-income consumers. Urbanization occurs sooner when rural or urban productivity is higher or transport costs are lower. We test the model on worldwide data that divides the earth's surface at half-degree intervals into over 60,000 cells. From an independent estimate of each cell's rural and urban population history, we identify the date at which each cell achieves various thresholds of urbanization. Controlling for country fixed effects and neighbors' urbanization using spatial techniques, we find that the date at which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Economic geography; Urbanization; Agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; N50; O11; O18; R1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49589

Texto Bàsico de Economia Agrícola: Su importancia para el Desarrollo Local Sostenible
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
The present works is part of my doctoral dissertation for getting title of Doctor of Philosophy with major in Science and Specialization in the Economics of Agriculture and Local Development.  The research hypothesis was: “If agricultural and forest activities apply agricultural economics, then it highlights the important element for sustainable local development, useful for the policy maker and decisions taker”.        Therefore, the study makes emphasis in the importance for applying agricultural economics to the forest and agricultural activities. The agricultural economics basic text is an elemental document for the agricultural economics curricular component; it is a component for the agricultural and economic science careers.    The academic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Economics; Sustainable Local Development; Data Envelopment Analysis.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; O11; O12; O38; P51; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/111604

The New Model of Foreign Aid Drawn from the Experiences of Japan and the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav; Kosack,   Stephen; Togo,   Ken.
This paper compares Japan and the US as they provide different types of capital to the developing world, focusing especially on foreign aid and, to some extent, also on remittances and the role of NGOs. The main focus is on the quality of aid and on past conceptual differences and on an emerging convergence between these two major donors, with Japan having the potential advantage of being able to bring its own historical experience in development to bear.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign Aid; Remittances; NGO; Japan; U.S.; International Development; O11; O15; O16; O23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118648

BAYES' ESTIMATES OF THE DOUBLE HURDLE MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF FIXED COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holloway,   Garth J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Ehui,   Simeon K.
We present a model of market adoption (participation) where the presence of non-negligible fixed costs leads to non-zero censoring of the traditional double-hurdle regression.  Fixed costs arise due to household resources that must be devoted a priori to the decision to participate in the market.  These costs-usually a cost of time-motivate two-step decision-making and focus attentions on the minimum-efficient scale of operations (the minimum amount of milk sales) at which market entry becomes viable.  This focus, in turn, motivates a non-zero-censored Tobit regression estimated through routine application of Markov chain Monte Carlo Methods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Fixed costs; Double-hurdle model; Censored regression.; Financial Economics; O1; O11; C34; O13; Q16; D1.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14741

Arthur Lewis' Contribution to Development Thinking and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
Arthur Lewis’ seminal 1954 paper and its emphasis on dualism appeared at a time when neither the work of Keynes or Harrod-Domar nor the later neoclassical production function of Solow seemed relevant for developing countries. As a consequence, his model, rooted in the classical tradition, plus its many extensions, generated an extensive literature at the center of development theory. The approach also encountered increasingly strong criticism, some of the “red herring” variety, but some, spearheaded by neoclassical microeconomists like Rosenzweig, also raised serious challenges, focused especially on its labor market assumptions. This paper reviews this landscape and asks what theoretical or policy relevance the Lewis model retains for today’s developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Development theory; Dualism; Labor markets; International Development; O11.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28410

Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastianin,   Andrea; Favero,   Alice; Massetti,   Emanuele.
In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&amp;D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Carbon Finance; Emission Trading; Energy Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q43; Q54; O32; O11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59418

Spatial Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desmet,   Klaus; Rossi-Hansberg,   Esteban.
We present a theory of spatial development. A continuum of locations in a geographic area choose each period how much to innovate (if at all) in manufacturing and services. Locations can trade subject to transport costs and technology diffuses spatially across locations. The result is an endogenous growth theory that can shed light on the link between the evolution of economic activity over time and space. We apply the model to study the evolution of the U.S. economy in the last few decades and find that the model can generate the reduction in the employment share in manufacturing, the increase in service productivity in the second part of the 1990s, the increase in land rents in the same period, as well as several other spatial and temporal patterns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Spatial Models; Growth; Innovation; Land Rent Evolution; Structural Transformation; Technology Diffusion; Trade; Community/Rural/Urban Development; E32; O11; O18; O33; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59852

Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities  providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes.  The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed.  The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; O11; O40; O43; O55.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115713

Reflections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
This paper examines the causes of Taiwan's exceptional economic performance, focusing on the influence of organizational and policy choices and how Taiwan's example differs from those of more typical less-developed countries. After briefly citing cultural factors as proposed by his late colleague John Fei, Ranis proceeds to explore the issues of organic nationalism, natural resource endowment, access to foreign capital and other political factors that have produced such economic success. The author demonstrates how Taiwan's unique combination of strong organic nationalism, meager natural resources and limited access to foreign capital helped curb the Extended Dutch Disease phenomenon endemic in LDCs. In addition, the government's nonoscillatory, relatively...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic development; LDC; Political economy; Taiwan; Extended Dutch disease; Democracy; International Development; Political Economy; O10; O11; O50; P16.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28422

The Evolution of Development Thinking: Theory and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
This paper makes an effort to trace the course of development thinking and associated development policy over the past six decades. Section I focuses on the early Post-War Consensus, with theory focused on extensions of classical dualism theory and policy concentrating on creating the pre-conditions for development. Section II traces the increasing awareness of the role of prices, a diminishing reliance on the developmentalist state and an increased reliance on structural adjustment lending associated with IFI conditionality. Section III illuminates the search for “silver bullets” which can be identified as key to the achievement of success. Finally, Section IV presents the author’s assessment of where we are now and where we will, or should be, heading in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Development theory; Development policy; International Development; O11; O20.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28528

Export Instability, Investment and Economic Growth in Asian Countries: A Time Series Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinha,   Dipendra.
In this study, we look at the relationship between export stability, investment and economic growth in nine Asian countries using time series data. The few previous time series studies in this area have not paid any attention to stationarity and cointegration issues. We find that in most cases, the variables are non-stationary in their levels and not cointegrated. These results raise serious doubts about the results of these studies. The results are not uniform across countries casting doubts about the validity of the numerous cross-section studies. For Japan, Malaysia, Philippines and Sri Lanka, we find a negative relationship between export instability and economic growth. For (South) Korea, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand, we find a positive relationship...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export instability; Growth; Stationarity; Cointegration; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; C22; F49; O11.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28466

Growth Diagnostics and a Multisector Ramsey Model: The Case of Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vinyes,   Cristina; Roe,   Terry L.
Disenchantment with the Washington Consensus has led to an emphasis on growth diagnostics. In the case of Brazil, the literature suggests three main factors impeding growth: low domestic savings, a shortage of skilled workers, and lack of investment in the country’s transportation infrastructure. The unique contribution of this study is to show the inter-temporal implications of relaxing these constraints. We fit a multi-sector Ramsey model to Brazilian data, validate its fit to times data, and provide empirical insights into the economy’s structural transformation to long-run equilibrium. Then, the sensitivity of these results to relaxing each of these three constraints is investigated in a manner that yields the same long-run level of well- being....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Ramsey; Growth diagnostics; International Development; O11; O41; O54; D58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56502

Agricultural Impacts of Biofuels Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walsh,   Marie E.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; English,   Burton C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Menard,   R. Jamey; Nelson,   Richard G.
Analysis of the potential to supply 25% of projected 2025 U.S. transportation fuels indicates sufficient biomass resources are available to meet increased demand while simultaneously meeting food, feed, and export needs. Corn and soybeans continue to be important feedstocks for ethanol and biodiesel production, but cellulose feedstocks (agricultural crop residues, energy crops such as switchgrass, and forestry residues) will play a major role. Farm income increases, mostly because of higher crop prices. Increased crop prices increase the cost of producing biofuels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biofuels; Biomass; Cellulose feedstocks; Crop residues; Ethanol; Forest residues; Switchgrass; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O11; Q11; Q41.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6514

Local Communities in front of Big External Investors: An Opportunity or a Risk?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Russu,   Paolo; Ticci,   Elisa.
In the current age of trade and financial openness, local economies in developing countries are becoming increasingly exposed to external investments. The objective of the proposed two-sector model with environmental externalities is to provide an insight into the interaction between external investors and local communities with a focus upon the different strategies and income sources available to each category. In this context, analysis suggests that environmental regulations and incentives offered in order to attract external capital investment (whether foreign or national) may have an un-uniform impact on the two typologies of actors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investments; Environmental Negative Externalities; Structural Changes; Poverty Alleviation; International Development; F21; F43; D62; O11; O13; O15; O41; Q20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98093

Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities  providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes.  The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed.  The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; International Development; O11; O40; O43; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54531

SIGNIFICANCE OF GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POLICY IN THE MODERN NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMIC THEORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shatrevich,   Vladimir.
The author conforms with inevitability to resolve the crisis conditioned problems on the basis of pure market self-regulation. However, it is believed that active and targeted investment policies of state could be implemented in market-friendly model. A number of state policy dimensions are described where through public finance and banking, organizational and institutional  measures the state can restore and support market performance capacity, as well as to sustain growth developments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Government investment policy; Investments; Neoclassical economics; Economic growth.; Public Economics; E22; O11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94572

Structural Change, Environment and Well-being: Interactions Between Production and Consumption Choices of the Rich and the Poor in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Russu,   Paolo; Ticci,   Elisa.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/16/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production; Consumption Choices; Welfare; D62; O11; O13; O15; O41; Q20.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37671

Energy, Environment and the Sustainability of Economic Development in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fang,   Xingming; Hu,   Xiaoping; Wang,   H. Holly.
Whether the high economic growth of China is sustainable is the matter of interest to the public, government and academic circle of China and meanwhile it catches the attention of the world because the development of China has been exerting increasing impact on the world economy.  Since the high economic growth of China has been promoted by heavy and chemical industry (HCI) to a great extent, which resulted in high consumption of energy resource, high consumption of mineral resources and high emission of pollutants (the “triple highness”), the sustainability of high economic growth of China depends on a sustainable growth road for China’s HCI and effective control on the “triple highness”.  We find that the contributing factors of the “triple highness” are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Energy; Resource; Pollution; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O10; O11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6274

Human Development and Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
Recent literature has contrasted Human Development, described as the ultimate goal of the development process, with economic growth, described as an imperfect proxy for more general welfare, or as a means toward enhanced human development. This debate has broadened the definitions and goals of development but still needs to define the important interrelations between human development (HD) and economic growth (EG). To the extent that greater freedom and capabilities improve economic performance, human development will have an important effect on growth. Similarly, to the extent that increased incomes will increase the range of choices and capabilities enjoyed by households and governments, economic growth will enhance human development. This paper analyzes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Human development; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O15; O11.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28375

Microeconomic Approaches to Development: Schooling, Learning, and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosenzweig,   Mark R.
I illustrate the variety of approaches to development issues microeconomists employ, focusing on studies that illuminate and quantify the major mechanisms posited by growth theorists who highlight the role of education in fostering growth. I begin with a basic issue: what are the returns to schooling? I discuss microeconomic studies that estimate schooling returns  using alternative approaches to estimating wage equations, which require assumptions that are unlikely to be met in low-income countries, looking at inferences based on how education interacts with policy and technological changes in the labor and marriage markets. I then review research addressing whether schooling facilitates learning, or merely imparts knowledge, and whether there is social...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Schooling; Development; Growth; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O11; O15; O33; J24.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59442

Cultural Diversity and Economic Performance: Evidence from European Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellini,   Elena; Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Pinelli,   Dino; Prarolo,   Giovanni.
We investigate the relationship between diversity and productivity in Europe using an original dataset covering the NUTS 3 regions of 12 countries of the EU15 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, former Western Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). In so doing, we follow the empirical methodology developed by Ottaviano and Peri (2006a) in the case of US cities. The main idea is that, as cultural diversity may affect both production and consumption through positive or negative externalities, the joint estimation of price and income equations is needed to identify the dominant effect. Based on this methodology, we find that diversity is positively correlated with productivity. Moreover, we find evidence...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cultural Diversity; Economic Performance; Productivity; Europe; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O5; O11; O57; R5; R58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54171

Does Agriculture Really Matter for Economic Growth in Developing Countries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awokuse,   Titus O.
In recent decades, the potential contribution of agriculture to economic growth has been a subject of much controversy among development economists. While some contend that agricultural development is a precondition to industrialization, others strongly disagree and argue for a different path. Taking advantage of recent developments in time series econometric methods, this paper re-examines the question of whether agriculture could serve as an engine of growth. Results from the empirical analysis provide strong evidence indicating that agriculture is an engine of economic growth. Furthermore, we find that trade openness has a positive effect on GDP growth.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Economic growth; ARDL; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C23; O11; 041.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49762