Consulta: subjectFacets:"O4"
Registros recuperados: 31
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 02:28:50

Chinese Regional Agricultural Productivity: 1994-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tong,   Haizhi; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.; Sesmero,   Juan P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/24/09.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: TFP growth; Stochastic production frontier; Malmquist index; Provincial TFP.; Productivity Analysis; O4; O5; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51784

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143

Employment and Growth Effects of Tax Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelis,   Jochen; Birk,   Angela.
This paper explores how revenue-neutral tax reforms impact employment and economic growth in a model of endogenous growth and search frictions on the labor market. We analyze how savings and the incentive to create new jobs are affected by tax swaps between wage income taxes, payroll taxes, capital income taxes and taxes levied on capital costs. In our framework, the payroll tax is found to be neutral. If this tax is used to finance a cut in the capital income tax, we will observe an increase in both growth and, via the capitalization effect, employment. Most other tax reforms, however, imply a trade-off between employment and growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Search unemployment; Growth; Tax reform; Public Economics; E6; H2; J6; O4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26275

Nuclear versus Coal plus CCS: A Comparison of Two Competitive Base-load Climate Control Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; van der Zwaan,   Bob.
In this paper we analyze the relative importance and mutual behavior of two competing base-load electricity generation options that each are capable of contributing significantly to the abatement of global CO2 emissions: nuclear energy and coal-based power production complemented with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). We also investigate how, in scenarios from an integrated assessment model that simulates the economics of a climate-constrained world, the prospects for nuclear energy would change if exogenous limitations on the spread of nuclear technology were relaxed. Using the climate change economics model WITCH we find that until 2050 the resulting growth rates of nuclear electricity generation capacity become comparable to historical rates observed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Competition; Electricity Sector; Nuclear Power; Coal Power; CCS; Renewables; Climate Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D8; D9; H0; O3; O4; Q4; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55327

Leadership Cycles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Denicolo,   Vincenzo; Zanchettin,   Piercarlo.
We study a quality-ladder model of endogenous growth that produces stochastic leadership cycles. Over a cycle, industry leaders can innovate several successive times in the same industry, gradually increasing the magnitude of their technological lead before being replaced by a new entrant. Initially, new leaders are eager to enlarge their lead and do much of the research, but if they innovate repeatedly, their propensity to invest in R&amp;D decreases. Eventually they stop doing research altogether, and as they are overtaken a new cycle starts. The model generates a skewed firm size distribution and a deviation from Gibrat’s law that accord with the empirical evidence. We also consider various policy measures, showing that in some cases policy should...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technological Lead; Innovation; R&amp;D; Financial Economics; O32; O4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60683

Impact of Cultural Tourism upon Urban Economies: An Econometric Exercise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellini,   Elena; Gasparino,   Ugo; del Corpo,   Barbara; Malizia,   William.
In recent years, interest in tourism has spread rapidly throughout many small and medium European cities, which previously have not necessarily considered themselves as tourist destinations. Tourism is increasingly seen as a potential lever towards high economic growth, measured both in terms of income and employment. In the present Working Paper we report the analysis on the economic impact undertaken in the framework of the PICTURE Project, showing the results of a novel econometric exercise to statistically assess the impacts of cultural tourism upon European municipalities. More precisely the analysis aims at estimating the effects of tourism specialisation on local income and prices. The Working Paper is built as follows. Section 1 presents and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cultural Tourism; Economic Growth; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O4; R0; L83.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8220

10 years of transition in Ukraine agriculture: An analysis of productivity and efficiency of enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Odening,   Martin; Babycheva,   Tamara.
This paper analyzes efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change of large agricultural enterprises during their transition to a market economy in Ukraine. In this case the efficiency is calculated by data envelopment analysis and the productivity change is measured by the Malmquist Productivity Change Index in the period between 1990 and 1999. On average, TFP declined by 6% annually, dropping a total 42%. The main reason for the observed TFP decline is a decrease in technical efficiency, which is found to be remarkably significant. At the same time there is a high variation among individual enterprises: their distribution of efficiency scores widens, which indicates that the farms diverge with respect to their economic performance. The Tobit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Эффективность; Общая продуктивность фактора; Анализ оболочки данных; Малмквист-индекс изменения общей продуктивности фактора; Переходный период; Украина; Effizienz; Totale Faktor Produktivität; Data Envelopment Analysis; Malmquist Productivity Change Index; Transition; Ukraine; Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92168

INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND OPENNESS IN THAILAND: AN INTERTEMPORAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Rattso,   Jorn; Stokke,   Hildegunn Ekroll.
Thailand has experienced economic growth well above world averages for about 40 years. It is a challenge to understand the sources of this high growth path, and in particular why growth has not slowed down with assumed decreasing returns to capital. We develop an intertemporal general equilibrium model separating between agriculture and industry, and with open capital market and endogenous productivity growth to analyze the underlying adjustment mechanisms. Foreign technology spillover embodied in trade is assumed to be the driving force of the productivity growth, consistent with econometric evidence. The high growth experience is understood as a transition path with interaction between productivity growth, openness and capital investment. Counterfactual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intertemporal growth modelling; Endogenous productivity growth; Foreign technology spillover; Trade and growth; Thailand; International Development; O4; O4; O5.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16316

SOURCES OF GROWTH AND SUPPLY RESPONSE: A CROSS-COMMODITY ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S GRAIN SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colby,   Hunter; Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi.
A growth accounting method is used to analyze the sources of growth in China's rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, the four most important crops in China's grain sector, during 1978-97.  A large TFP contribution to growth in grain production is found in the period immediately following China's rural economic reform (1978-85).  In recent years the growth rate of TFP falls sharply, contributing less than 20 percent of growth in grain production, as increased use of inputs became the major engine of growth.  If the current government policy environment remains unchanged, China's grain production will become increasingly costly and constrain future growth and competitiveness in world grain markets.  The supply response of the four grains is estimated using a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply response; Economic growth; Productivity; China; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q11; O4; O47.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12985

CAP Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Belgian Agriculture: A Malmquist Index Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coelli,   Tim J.; Perelman,   Sergio; Van Lierde,   Dirk.
Have the 1992 and 2000 CAP reforms had any discernable effect upon agricultural productivity? In this study we derive detailed information on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of arable farms in Belgium over a 16-year period from 1987 to 2002. Calculations are based on a carefully constructed high-quality detailed farm-level data set containing 1728 observations, involving over 100 farms in most years. Three output variables (cereals, other crops, other outputs) and four input variables (land, labour, capital and other inputs) are constructed, using multilateral Fisher index numbers where crop aggregation is required. The TFP measures are calculated using a Malmquist TFP index relative to a series of data envelopment analysis (DEA) frontiers....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reforms; Belgian agriculture; Total factor productivity; Malmquist index; Shadow shares; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; C6; D2; O4; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25472

GMOs: Prospects for Increased Crop Productivity in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.
Genetically Modified Crops (GMO foods) have been widely available to farmers since 1996. The Gene Revolution, based on recombinant DNA (rDNA) genetic engineering techniques, is seen by proponents as both supplanting Green Revolution varieties, based on conventional plant breeding techniques, and potentially enabling “disadvantaged” production environments, unreached by Green Revolution varieties to achieve productivity improvements. This paper argues that the private firms supplying GM crop products have generally had little interest in selling products in disadvantaged production environments. The paper also argues that present rDNA techniques allow only static gains from specific “trait” improvements. But these GM products can be installed on Green...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified foods; Genetic engineering; Crop Production/Industries; O1; O4; Q1.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28504

Theoretical frameworks for a productivity and efficiency analysis of agricultural enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Babitcheva,   Tamara.
Das Hauptziel des vorliegenden "Discussions Paper" ist es, den russischsprachigen Leser mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der Produktivitäts- und Effizienzanalyse der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen vertraut zu machen. In der russischsprachigen Literatur wurden und werden bis zu heutigem Zeitpunkt in der Regel bei der Analyse der Effizienz der Unternehmen, die Kennzahlen der Rentabilität verwendet, deren Bedeutungen nach den einzelnen Unternehmen oder ihren Gruppen verglichen werden. In dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine Darstellung der im englischsprachigem Raum weitverbreiteten Methoden zur Effizienz und Produktivitätsanalyse. Die Arbeit ist so aufgebaut, dass zuerst die Unterschiede zwischen der Produktivität und Effizienz aus theoretischen Sicht erklärt und...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Produktivität; Effizienz; Indexzahlentheorie; Malmquist; Törnkvist; Fisher Index; Productivity; Efficiency; Index Number Theory; Продуктивность; Эффективность; Теория индексов; Малмквист; Торнквист и Фишер индексы.; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B4; C6; D2; O3; O4.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92170

GROWTH THEORY AND ACCOUNTING FOR GROWTH OF THE TAIWANESE ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Pei-Chien; Roe,   Terry L.
A growth accounting and an econometric exercise are used to provide insights into the evolution of the Taiwanese economy over the period 1966-96. The approach links the GDP function of  a multiple sector neoclassical growth model to growth accounting and, subsequently to the estimation of the parameters of this function. The growth accounting results show that the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) to growth in GDP averaged about 32 percent over the period, and this contribution increased as the economy approached its long-run equilibrium during the decade of the 1980s, with evidence of some departure during 1991-96. Growth in TFP increased output growth in industry and services while growth in skilled labor benefited all sectors. Growth in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Productivity; Technological change; International Development; Productivity Analysis; O3; O4; O5.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12968

The Historical Fertility Transition: A Guide for Economists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guinnane,   Timothy W.
The historical fertility transition is the process by which much of Europe and North America went from high to low fertility in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This transformation is central to recent accounts of long-run economic growth. Prior to the transition, women bore as many as eight children each, and the elasticity of fertility with respect to incomes was positive.  Today, many women have no children at all, and the elasticity of fertility with respect to incomes is zero or even negative. This paper discusses the large literature on the historical fertility transition, focusing on what we do and do not know about the process. I stress some possible misunderstandings of the demographic literature, and discuss an agenda for future work.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertility transition; Long-run growth; Malthusian models; Quantity-quality trade-off; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; N3; O1; O4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95271

ZUR WETTBEWERBSFAHIGKEIT DER OSTDEUTSCHEN LANDWIRTSCHAFT - EINE EFFIZIENZANALYSE LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHER UNTERNEHMEN SACHSEN-ANHALTS UND DER TSCHECHISCHEN REPUBLIK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rothe,   Andrea; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF EAST GERMAN AGRICULTURE – AN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FARMS IN SAXONY-ANHALT AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC  The main focus of this Discussion Paper the analysis of the efficiency of agricultural enterprises in Sachsen-Anhalt and the Czech Republic. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis, a nonparametric, based on linear programming approach of efficiency measurement the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of agricultural enterprises on verge of the eastern enlargement has been analysed. The object was to identify significant differences between enterprises of various legal forms, specialisation and farm size, to draw conclusions to the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of Eastern Germany. It has appeared, that there occurred...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Productivity; Transition; Data Envelopment Analysis; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14868

An Evolutionary Edge of Knowing Less (or: On the "Curse" of Global Information)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Behrens,   Doris A.
Consider a population of farmers who live around a lake. Each farmer engages in trade with his two adjacent neighbors. The trade is governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” A farmer’s payoff is the sum of the payoffs from the two prisoner’s dilemma games played with his two neighbors. When a farmer dies, his son takes over. The son decides whether to cooperate or defect by considering the actions taken and the payoffs received by the most prosperous members of the group comprising his own father and a set of his father’s neighbors. The size of this set, which can vary, is termed the “span of information.” It is shown that a larger span of information can be detrimental to the stable coexistence of cooperation and defection, and that in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Span of interaction; Span of information; Imitation; Social welfare; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D83; R12; O4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49924

ECONOMIC SITUATION OF MOLDAVIANS FARM ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cimpoies,   Dragos; Schulze,   Eberhard.
The given Discussion Paper represents the results of a questionnaire, conducted in 2003, on basic economic questions in 104 Moldavian farm enterprises. The received results continue the cycle of research activities concerning the privatization and restructuring of farm enterprises in different countries of Central and Eastern Europe, are written on a similar structure, allowing to carry out a comparative analysis between the countries of the region. To some extent, the given paper can be regarded as a continuation of the Discussion Paper 60. As the base for the analysis "the standardized questionnaire" has been put forward, developed by IAMO, being advanced and adapted by the authors to local conditions. Study of the activity of farm enterprises of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consolidation; Land lease; Production factors; Buy-sell; Work force; Legal forms; Moldova; Konsolidierung; Verpachtung; Produktionsfaktoren; Kauf und Verkauf; Arbeitskräfte; Rechtsformen; Консолидация; Аренда; Производственные ресурсы; Купля-продажа; Трудовые ресурсы; Организационно-правовые формы; Молдова.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; С 81; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92020

Winners and Losers: Formula versus Competitive Funding of Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Norton,   George W.; Traxler,   Greg; Frisvold,   George B.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O4; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94367

Regional and Sector Environmental Efficiency Empirical Evidence from Structural Shift-share Analysis of NAMEA data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on regional–national disparities in environmental efficiency, based on case studies of Italy and the Lazio region, which includes the city of Rome. Shift-share analyses provide evidence on the drivers of environmental efficiency and on sector specificity. This confirms the usefulness of this method for studying the environmental economics realm, in order to investigate structural and efficiency factors at the level of within country environmental efficiency performance, even in light of the different shares of services. Our evidence shows that although the Rome region has achieved higher environmental performance compared to Italy mainly thanks to its being less industry based, some critical points in the energy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: NAMEA; Shift Share; Regional Development; RAMEA; Emission Efficiency; Economic Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; C67; D57; O4; O18; Q53; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50360

In search of an evolutionary edge: trading with a few, more, or many
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Behrens,   Doris A.
Consider a population of farmers who live around a lake. Each farmer engages in trade with his m adjacent neighbors, where m is termed the "span of interaction." Trade is governed by a prisoner’s dilemma "rule of engagement." A farmer’s payoff is the sum of the payoffs from the m prisoner’s dilemma games played with his m/2 neighbors to the left, and with his m/2 neighbors to the right. When a farmer dies, his son takes over. The son who adheres to his father’s span of interaction decides whether to cooperate or defect by considering the actions taken and the payoffs received by the most prosperous member of the group comprising his father and his father’s m trading partners. Under a conventional structure of payoffs, it is shown that a large span of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Local interaction; Span of interaction; Imitation; Cooperation; Social welfare; Farm Management; D83; R12; O4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94280

Emissions Trends and Labour Productivity Dynamics Sector Analyses of De-coupling/Recoupling on a 1990-2005 Namea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marin,   Giovanni; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) for greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants at sector level. A panel dataset based on the Italian NAMEA over 1990-2005 is analysed, focusing on both emission efficiency (EKC model) and total emissions (IPAT model). Results show that looking at sector evidence, both decoupling and also eventually re-coupling trends could emerge along the path of economic development. CH4 is moderately decreasing in recent years, but being a minor gas compared to CO2, the overall performance on GHGs is not compliant with Kyoto targets, which do not appear to have generated a structural break in the dynamics at least for GHGs. SOx and NOx show decreasing patterns, though the shape is affected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gases; Air Pollutants; NAMEA; Trade Openness; Labour Productivity; EKC; STIRPAT; Delinking; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; O4; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52346

Do Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Stimulate Agricultural Growth in East Asia? Panel Cointegration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sattapon,   Weerapong.
The agricultural sector is an important sector that most people in East Asia rely on and growth in this sector may help to lift their standard of living. This study assessed what factors contributed to agricultural growth by applying the panel econometric approach. First, the long-run relationship between the agriculture growth and its explanatory variable was investigated by applying the IPS unit root test and Pedroni panel cointegration test. The results indicated that all variables showed an integration of order unity, and showed strong evidence to support the existence of long-run relationship. The results from Fixed Effect (FE) regression indicated that imports, exports and trade liberalization were the important factors that contributed to growth in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; East Asia; Foreign Direct Investment; Trade; Panel Data; International Relations/Trade; O4; Q17; R0.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25570

Measuring Public Agricultural Research Capital and Its Contribution to State Agricultural Productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
A methodology for measuring public agricultural research capital is developed and described for the first time, new public agricultural research capital measures for each of the 48 contiguous US states, 1970-1999, are presented, and a new econometric analysis of the contribution of public agricultural research capital to state agricultural productivity is reported. Public agricultural research capital across the states is shown to have five different growth patterns, only one of which is at a constant rate. New TFP results show that public agricultural research capital contributes significantly to agricultural productivity and is larger than previous estimates. Intrastate and spillin public agricultural research capital are shown to be complementary, but...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research capital; Agriculture; States; Measurement; Productivity decomposition; TFP; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O4; Q16; Q10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55845

Impact of local public goods on agricultural productivity growth in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Ling; Ball,   V. Eldon; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.; Plastina,   Alejandro S.
In this paper we revisit the issue on the impact of public R&amp;D expenditure on US agricultural productivity growth. We estimate a dual cost function using a state-by-year panel data set. We construct the potential R&amp;D “spillins” based on both geographical location and production mix. We also examine the role of the extension service, transportation network, and human capital in the process of technology dissemination. The results indicate that higher levels of local public goods, R&amp;D spillins, extension activities, and an intensive transportation network decrease costs. The contributions to agricultural productivity from all series of R&amp;D spillins are positive even though the social rate of return may differ.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Public R&amp;D expenditure; Cost function; Extension services; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49333

CORRUPTION AND OPENNESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neeman,   Zvika; Paserman,   Daniele; Simhon,   Avi.
We consider a neoclassical growth model with endogenous corruption.  Corruption and wealth, which are co-determined in equilibrium, are shown to be negatively correlated.  Richer countries tend to be less corrupt, and corrupt economies tend to be poorer.  This observation gives rise to the following puzzle: If poorer countries do indeed experience higher levels of corruption, and if indeed as suggested by a number of empirical studies corruption hampers growth, then how did rich countries, who were poor once, become rich?  Our answer is simple.  In the past, economies were mostly "closed" in the sense that it was difficult to transfer illicit money outside of the economy.  In contrast, today's economies are mostly open.  In the relatively closed economies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Growth; Openness; International Development; F2; H0; O1; O4.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14977

Projecting Productivity Growth: Lessons from the U.S. Growth Resurgence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jorgenson,   Dale W.; Ho,   Mun S.; Stiroh,   Kevin J.
This paper analyzes the sources of U.S. labor productivity growth in the post-1995 period and presents projections for both output and labor productivity growth for the next decade. Despite the recent downward revisions to U.S. GDP and software investment, we show that information technology (IT) played a substantial role in the U.S. productivity revival. We then outline a methodology for projecting trend output and productivity growth. Our base-case projection puts the rate of trend productivity growth at 2.21% per year over the next decade with a range of 1.33 - 2.92%, reflecting fundamental uncertainties about the rate of technological progress in IT-production and investment patterns. Our central projection is only slightly below the average growth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Information technology; Productivity Analysis; O4.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10613

What do unions do at the large scale? Macro-economic evidence from a panel of OECD countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asteriou,   Dimitrios; Monastiriotis,   Vassilis.
This paper investigates the long-run relationship between trade unionism and productivity using a panel data set comprising of 18 OECD economies. Much of the existing evidence on this issue derives from micro-economic studies, with limited attention paid to long-run dynamics and economy-wide effects. Using the mean group and pooled mean group estimation techniques on cross-country panel data, the paper offers support to the "productivity-increasing face of unionism" hypothesis, revealing a positive relationship between trade union density and per worker output.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade unions; Productivity growth; Panel data econometrics; C23; J51; O4.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43639

REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENCES AND PROSPECT FOR CONVERGENCE IN BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE, 1964-1992
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rahman,   Sanzidur.
This paper applies the sequential Malmquist index to calculate multi lateral, multi-factor productivity (MFP) indices for agriculture in 16 regions of Bangladesh from 1964 to 1992 and examines convergence among regions. Productivity grew at an average rate of 2.2% per annum, led by regions with high level of Green Revolution technology diffusion. The growth mainly occurred due to technological progress estimated at 2.1% per year. Overall technical efficiency declined slightly at 0.1% per year due to falling technical efficiency in most of the regions in later years. Both cross-section and time series tests confirmed that divergence among regions disappeared and agricultural productivity reached convergence in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Regional variations; Convergence; Bangladesh; Productivity Analysis; O4; Q1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20047

The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for determining the efficiency of a production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Babitcheva,   Tamara.
The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new method to measure Technical Efficiency (TE). TE of a Decision Making Unit (DMU) is defined as a ratio of the produced goods and services (Outputs) to the used resources (Inputs). Efficiency comparison become more complicated when market values of the Inputs and Outputs are not available and the figures are expressed in the different measurement units. So, aggregation of the figures into cost or revenue groups become impossible. Such efficiency analysis is especially important for the enterprises in the transformation process. In DEA the Linear Programming (LP) is used to determine relative efficiency of the analysed enterprises. The basic principles of the DEA are introduced in this Discussion Paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Produktivity; Data Envelopment Analysis; Effizienz; Produktivität; Эффективность; Продуктивность; Анализ Оболочки Данных.; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92169

Employment and Growth Effects of Tax Reforms in a Growth-Matching Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birk,   Angela; Michaelis,   Jochen.
This paper explores how revenue-neutral tax reforms impact employment and economic growth in models of exogenous and endogenous growth and search frictions on the labor market. We show that (i) a cut in the payroll tax financed by an increase in the wage tax lowers both equilibrium employment and the equilibrium growth rate, that (ii) a higher energy tax combined with a cut in wage taxes boosts employment but has an ambiguous effect on growth, and that (iii) a higher energy tax combined with a cut in payroll taxes enhances employment but mitigates economic growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Search unemployment; Growth; Tax reform; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; E6; H2; J6; O4.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26324

Hub-and-Spokes Free-Trade-Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Das,   Gouranga Gopal; Andriamananjara,   Soamiely.
Using a comparative-static general equilibrium model and in the context of the western hemisphere, this paper compares the economic effects of a "hub-and-spokes (HAS)" type of bilateral trade configuration (with Chile being the hub) with those of a more comprehensive regional FTA (namely, the FTAA). The model is augmented to account for the possibility of technology spillovers and its effective assimilation among participating economies. In particular, absorptive capacity, governance factor, proximity and socio-institutional congruence conjointly determine an economy's capacity to capture the technology that is transmitted from developed spoke US to other regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hub and spokes; Free trade areas; Technology transfer; Absorption; Governance; Welfare; Preference dilution; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D58; F16; O4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15870