Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ocean"
Registros recuperados: 48
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 00:29:13

An Annual Cycle of Submesoscale Vertical Flow and Restratification in the Upper Ocean
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Yu, Xiaolong; Naveira Garabato, Alberto C.; Martin, Adrian P; Buckingham, Christian; Brannigan, Liam; Su, Zhan.
Numerical simulations suggest that submesoscale turbulence may transform lateral buoyancy gradients into vertical stratification, and thus restratify the upper ocean via vertical flow. However, the observational evidence for this restratifying process has been lacking due to the difficulty in measuring such ephemeral phenomena, particularly over periods of months to years. This study presents an annual cycle of the vertical velocity and associated restratification estimated from two nested clusters of meso- and submesoscale-resolving moorings, deployed in a typical mid-ocean area of the Northeast Atlantic. Vertical velocities inferred using the non-diffusive density equation are substantially stronger at submesoscales (horizontal scales of 1-10 km) than at...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; Ageostrophic circulations; Frontogenesis; Frontolysis; In situ oceanic observations.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00489/60076/63398.pdf

Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005-2016
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Robson, Jon; Sutton, Rowan T.; Archibald, Alex; Cooper, Fenwick; Christensen, Matthew; Gray, Lesley J.; Holliday, N. Penny; Macintosh, Claire; Mcmillan, Malcolm; Moat, Ben; Russo, Maria; Tilling, Rachel; Carslaw, Ken; Desbruyeres, Damien; Embury, Owen; Feltham, Daniel L.; Grosvenor, Daniel P.; Josey, Simon; King, Brian; Lewis, Alastair; Mccarthy, Gerard D.; Merchant, Chris; New, Adrian L.; O'Reilly, Christopher H.; Osprey, Scott M.; Read, Katie; Scaife, Adam; Shepherd, Andrew; Sinha, Bablu; Smeed, David; Smith, Doug; Ridout, Andrew; Woollings, Tim; Yang, Mingxi.
Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the climate and air quality of the surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how and why the changes are taking place, not least to predict how the region will change in the future. To this end, this article characterizes the recent observed changes in the North Atlantic region, especially in the period 2005–2016, across many different aspects of the system including: atmospheric circulation; atmospheric composition; clouds and aerosols; ocean circulation and properties; and the cryosphere. Recent...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Atmosphere; Atmospheric composition; Cryosphere; Observations; Ocean; North atlantic.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56606/58298.pdf

Detecting Regional Modes of Variability in Observation-Based Surface Ocean pCO(2)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Landschuetzer, Peter; Ilyina, Tatiana; Lovenduski, Nicole S.
We use a neural network-based estimate of the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) derived from measurements assembled within the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas to investigate the dominant modes of pCO(2) variability from 1982 through 2015. Our analysis shows that detrended and deseasonalized sea surface pCO(2) varies substantially by region and the respective frequencies match those from the major modes of climate variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, multivariate ENSO index, Southern Annular Mode), suggesting a climate modulated air-sea exchange of CO2. We find that most of the regional pCO(2) variability is driven by changes in the ocean circulation and/or changes in biology, whereas the North Atlantic variability...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; CO2; Variability; Carbon; Climate; Observations.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00675/78733/80972.pdf

Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Zeng, Jiye; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nakajima, Hideaki; Shirai, Tomoko.
This dataset includes the monthly distributions of CO2 fugacity in the world surface oceans reconstructed using a feed-forward neural network model and the CO2 measurements of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas version 2.0. It has a spatial resolution of 1 9 1° and spans a period of 22 years, from January 1990 to December 2011. The dataset also includes necessary parameters for the reconstruction and an estimate of the CO2 fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to provide a dataset for estimating the oceans’ contribution to the global carbon budget.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; CO2; Neural network; Model.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00293/40400/38957.pdf

Remotely Sensed Winds and Wind Stresses for Marine Forecasting and Ocean Modeling
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bourassa, Mark A.; Meissner, Thomas; Cerovecki, Ivana; Chang, Paul S.; Dong, Xiaolong; De Chiara, Giovanna; Donlon, Craig; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry S.; Elya, Jocelyn; Fore, Alexander; Fewings, Melanie R.; Foster, Ralph C.; Gille, Sarah T.; Haus, Brian K.; Hristova-veleva, Svetla; Holbach, Heather M.; Jelenak, Zorana; Knaff, John A.; Kranz, Sven A.; Manaster, Andrew; Mazloff, Matthew; Mears, Carl; Mouche, Alexis; Portabella, Marcos; Reul, Nicolas; Ricciardulli, Lucrezia; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Sampson, Charles; Solis, Daniel; Stoffelen, Ad; Stukel, Michael R.; Stiles, Bryan; Weissman, David; Wentz, Frank.
Strengths and weakness of remotely sensed winds are discussed, along with the current capabilities for remotely sensing winds and stress. Future missions are briefly mentioned. The observational needs for a wide range of wind and stress applications are provided. These needs strongly support a short list of desired capabilities of future missions and constellations.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Satellite; Wind; Stress; Ocean; Requirements.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00511/62312/66565.pdf

Solutions for ecosystem-level protection of ocean systems under climate change
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Queiros, Ana M.; Huebert, Klaus B.; Keyl, Friedemann; Fernandes, Jose A.; Stolte, Willem; Maar, Marie; Kay, Susan; Jones, Miranda C.; Hamon, Katell; Hendriksen, Gerrit; Vermard, Youen; Marchal, Paul; Teal, Lorna R.; Somerfield, Paul J.; Austen, Melanie C.; Barange, Manuel; Sell, Anne F.; Allen, Icarus; Peck, Myron A.
The Paris Conference of Parties (COP21) agreement renewed momentum for action against climate change, creating the space for solutions for conservation of the ocean addressing two of its largest threats: climate change and ocean acidification (CCOA). Recent arguments that ocean policies disregard a mature conservation research field and that protected areas cannot address climate change may be oversimplistic at this time when dynamic solutions for the management of changing oceans are needed. We propose a novel approach, based on spatial meta-analysis of climate impact models, to improve the positioning of marine protected areas to limit CCOA impacts. We do this by estimating the vulnerability of ocean ecosystems to CCOA in a spatially explicit manner and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Conservation; COP21; Ecosystem model; Habitat; Marine spatial planning; Ocean; Ocean acidification; Species distribution; Warming.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00360/47089/48566.pdf

Interactions between oceans and societies in 2030: challenges and issues for research
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lacroix, Denis; David, Bernard; Lamblin, Veronique; De Menthiere, Nicolas; De Lattre-gasquet, Marie; Guigon, Antoine; Jannes-ober, Emmanuelle; Hervieu, Halvard; Potier, Francoise; Ragain, Gilles; Hoummady, Moussa.
The perception of ocean areas by policy-makers or by people, living or not on the coast, has significantly varied over centuries. Due to its vastness and complexity, the sea has been studied within distinct academic disciplines. However, the current issues related to the sea, such as climate change, marine pollution or coastal tourism, require an integrated vision of the assets and drawbacks in order to meet the challenges arising from human activities both at sea and onshore. In this study, a group of foresight officers from the French network of public research institutes decided to cross-check and compare several science approaches (biology, sociology, economics, etc) about oceans. Thus, 11 sectors of maritime activity (transportation, fisheries,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Society; Marine resources; Maritime economy; Law of the sea; Foresight.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00358/46900/46786.pdf

Response of Total and Eddy Kinetic Energy to the recent spin up of the Beaufort Gyre
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Regan, Heather; Lique, Camille; Talandier, Claude; Meneghello, Gianluca.
The Beaufort Gyre in the Arctic Ocean has spun up over the past two decades in response to changes of the wind forcing and sea ice conditions, accumulating a significant amount of freshwater. Here a simulation performed with a high-resolution, eddy resolving model is analyzed in order to provide a detailed description of the total and eddy kinetic energy, and their response to this spin up of the gyre. On average, and in contrast to the typical open ocean conditions, the levels of mean and eddy kinetic energy are of the same order of magnitude, and the eddy kinetic energy is only intensified along the boundary and in the subsurface. In response to the strong anomalous atmospheric conditions in 2007, the gyre spins up and the mean kinetic energy almost...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Arctic; Eddies; Ocean dynamics; Ocean models.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00598/71015/69288.pdf

Impact of temperature inversions on SST evolution in the South-Eastern Arabian Sea during the pre-summer monsoon season
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Durand, F; Shetye, Sr; Vialard, Jerome; Shankar, D; Shenoi, Ssc; Ethe, C; Madec, G.
Temperature inversions are known to occur in the near-surface ocean regime where salinity stratification is large enough to influence the density field. However, they have not been known as features that alter near-surface processes significantly to influence the sea surface temperature (SST). From the analysis of new observed datasets as well as of state-of-the-art numerical model outputs, this paper shows that heat trapped within a temperature inversion makes significant contribution to warming of the SST in the South-Eastern Arabian Sea during the pre-southwest monsoon season.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mixed layer; Toga decade; Ocean; Variability; Salinity; Physics; Model; Onset; OGCM; Pool.
Ano: 2004
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31424/29815.pdf

Viral degradation of marine bacterial exopolysaccharides
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lelchat, Florian; Mocaer, P Y; Ojima, T; Michel, G; Sarthou, Geraldine; Bucciarelli, Eva; Cérantola, S; Colliec-jouault, Sylvia; Boisset, Claire; Baudoux, A-c.
The identification of the mechanisms by which marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is produced and regenerated is critical to develop robust prediction of ocean carbon cycling. Polysaccharides represent one of the main constituents of marine DOM and their degradation is mainly attributed to polysaccharidases derived from bacteria. Here, we report that marine viruses can depolymerize the exopolysaccharides (EPS) excreted by their hosts using 5 bacteriophages that infect the notable EPS producer, Cobetia marina DSMZ 4741. Degradation monitorings as assessed by gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography showed that 4 out of 5 phages carry structural enzymes that depolymerize purified solution of Cobetia marina EPS. The depolymerization patterns...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Marine phage; EPS; Polysaccharidase; DOM; Ocean.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00499/61062/64512.pdf

Improved Statistical Method for Quality Control of Hydrographic Observations
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gourrion, Jerome; Szekely, Tanguy; Killick, Rachel; Owens, Breck; Reverdin, Gilles; Chapron, Bertrand.
Realistic ocean state prediction and its validation rely on the availability of high quality in situ observations. To detect data errors, adequate quality check procedures must be designed. This paper presents procedures that take advantage of the ever-growing observation databases that provide climatological knowledge of the ocean variability in the neighborhood of an observation location. Local validity intervals are used to estimate binarily whether the observed values are considered as good or erroneous. Whereas a classical approach estimates validity bounds from first- and second-order moments of the climatological parameter distribution, that is, mean and variance, this work proposes to infer them directly from minimum and maximum observed values....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Climatology; Salinity; Temperature; Data quality control; Oceanic variability.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74031/73359.pdf

Future change in ocean productivity: Is the Arctic the new Atlantic?
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Yool, A.; Popova, E. E.; Coward, A. C.
One of the most characteristic features in ocean productivity is the North Atlantic spring bloom. Responding to seasonal increases in irradiance and stratification, surface phytopopulations rise significantly, a pattern that visibly tracks poleward into summer. While blooms also occur in the Arctic Ocean, they are constrained by the sea-ice and strong vertical stratification that characterize this region. However, Arctic sea-ice is currently declining, and forecasts suggest this may lead to completely ice-free summers by the mid-21st century. Such change may open the Arctic up to Atlantic-style spring blooms, and do so at the same time as Atlantic productivity is threatened by climate change-driven ocean stratification. Here we use low and high-resolution...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Marine; Ocean; Biogeochemistry; Arctic; Atlantic; Future.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00332/44367/43972.pdf

Characteristics of the convergence zone at the eastern edge of the Pacific warm pool
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Maes, Christophe; Picaut, Joël; Kuroda, Yoshifumi; Ando, Kentaro.
The characteristics of the convergence zone at the eastern edge of the equatorial Pacific warm pool are studied using a compilation of in-situ current and salinity measurements during the period 1992-2001. The displacement of the convergence zone is observed, for the first time, as far west as 140degreesE in the far western Pacific, mainly during La Nina periods, and near 140degreesW in the central Pacific during the 1997-98 El Nino. The convergence zone may be associated with a salinity front dividing the fresh waters of the warm pool from the salty waters upwelled in the central equatorial Pacific. Despite a zonal displacement ranging over about one fifth of the equatorial circumference of the earth, the characteristics of the main parameters involved in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Nino la nina; El nino; Salinity variability; Southern oscillation; Fresh pool; Sea level; Displacements; Temperature; Model; Ocean.
Ano: 2004
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00208/31888/30307.pdf

Streamlining Data and Service Centers for Easier Access to Data and Analytical Services: The Strategy of ODATIS as the Gateway to French Marine Data
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Schmidt, Sabine; Maudire, Gilbert; Nys, Cecile; Sudre, Joel; Harscoat, Valerie; Dibarboure, Gérald; Huynh, Frédéric.
The past few decades have seen a marked acceleration in the amount of marine observation data derived using both in situ and remote sensing measurements. For example, high-frequency monitoring of key physical-chemical parameters has become an essential tool for assessing natural and human-induced changes in coastal waters as well as their consequences on society. The number and variety of data acquisition techniques require efficient methods of improving data availability. The challenge is to make ocean data available via interoperable portals, which facilitate data sharing according to Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles for producers and users. Ocean DAta Information and Services (ODATIS) aims to become a unique gateway to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Data repository; Interoperability; FAIR; Data and service center.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00667/77872/80019.pdf

Variations of the ACC-CDW during MIS3 traced by magnetic grain deposition in midlatitude South Indian Ocean cores: Connections with the northern hemisphere and with central Antarctica
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mazaud, A.; Kissel, C.; Laj, C.; Sicre, M. A.; Michel, E.; Turon, J. L.
We examine the magnetic mineral deposition in three cores located at midlatitude sites in the South Indian Ocean, in an area where sediment eroded from the Kerguelen-Crozet plateau and transported by the marine currents, principally the Antarctic Circum Current, accumulates at a high sedimentation rate. We focus on Marine Isotopic Stage 3, characterized by large climatic fluctuations at northern latitudes, and compare the obtained records to the climatic records at Byrd ( Antarctica) and Summit (GISP2, Greenland) and to the North Atlantic Deep Water variations in the North Atlantic. Magnetic mineral deposition at the studied sites exhibits a profile with maxima at the time of Heinrich events H4 and H5, which suggests a strong Antarctic Circum Current when...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Paleoceanography; South; Indian; Ocean; Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography; Environmental magnetism; Interhemispheric phasing.
Ano: 2007
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00235/34612/32954.pdf

Les pêches professionnelles dans les estuaires de la Loire et de l'Adour
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Guerault, Daniel; Desaunay, Yves; Beillois, Pierre; Prouzet, Patrick; Martinet, Jean-pierre; Cuende, François - Xavier.
The exploitation of amphihaline species by marine and freshwater commercial fishermen in the Loire estuary in 1989, and by marine commercial fishermen in the Adour estuary from 1985-1991 is described in this study. This fishery employs 320 fishermen and represents a commercial value of 38 million FF. This is mainly due to the exploitation of glass eel, especially in the Loire River, the landings of which have decreased alarmingly. In the Adour River, the diversity of the exploited species and the total commercial value of drift gillnet catches - on the average 43% - in this fishery are high. The landings of migratory salmonid species are high and they may attain 25% of the total commercial value. This study emphasizes the uniqueness, the socio-economic...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: France; Loire; Adour; Atlantique; Socio économie; Biologie; Pêcherie estuarienne; Espèce amphihaline; France; Adour River; Loire River; Ocean; Atlantic; Socio economy; Biology; Estuarine fisherie; Amphihaline specie.
Ano: 1994
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/rapport-1452.pdf

Impact of climate change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO2
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Quere, Corinne; Takahashi, Taro; Buitenhuis, Erik T.; Roedenbeck, Christian; Sutherland, Stewart C.
About one quarter of the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere by human activities is absorbed annually by the ocean. All the processes that influence the oceanic uptake of CO2 are controlled by climate. Hence changes in climate (both natural and human-induced) are expected to alter the uptake of CO2 by the ocean. However, available information that constrains the direction, magnitude, or rapidity of the response of ocean CO2 to changes in climate is limited. We present an analysis of oceanic CO2 trends for 1981 to 2007 from data and a model. Our analysis suggests that the global ocean responded to recent changes in climate by outgassing some preindustrial carbon, in part compensating the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. Using a model, we estimate that climate...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Carbon; CO2 sink.
Ano: 2010
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00253/36412/34957.pdf

A statistical gap-filling method to interpolate global monthly surface ocean carbon dioxide data
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Jones, Steve D.; Le Quere, Corinne; Roedenbeck, Christian; Manning, Andrew C.; Olsen, Are.
We have developed a statistical gap-filling method adapted to the specific coverage and properties of observed fugacity of surface ocean CO2 (fCO2). We have used this method to interpolate the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v2 database on a 2.5°×2.5° global grid (south of 70°N) for 1985–2011 at monthly resolution. The method combines a spatial interpolation based on a “radius of influence” to determine nearby similar fCO2 values with temporal harmonic and cubic spline curve-fitting, and also fits long-term trends and seasonal cycles. Interannual variability is established using deviations of observations from the fitted trends and seasonal cycles. An uncertainty is computed for all interpolated values based on the spatial and temporal range of the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; CO2; Interpolation.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00293/40403/38961.pdf

Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Wong, Annie P. S.; Wijffels, Susan E.; Riser, Stephen C.; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Hosoda, Shigeki; Roemmich, Dean; Gilson, John; Johnson, Gregory C.; Martini, Kim; Murphy, David J.; Scanderbeg, Megan; Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya; Buck, Justin J. H.; Merceur, Frederic; Carval, Thierry; Maze, Guillaume; Cabanes, Cécile; André, Xavier; Poffa, Noe; Yashayaev, Igor; Barker, Paul M.; Guinehut, Stéphanie; Belbéoch, Mathieu; Ignaszewski, Mark; Baringer, Molly O'Neil; Schmid, Claudia; Lyman, John M.; Mctaggart, Kristene E.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Zilberman, Nathalie; Alkire, Matthew B.; Swift, Dana; Owens, W. Brechner; Jayne, Steven R.; Hersh, Cora; Robbins, Pelle; West-mack, Deb; Bahr, Frank; Yoshida, Sachiko; Sutton, Philip J. H.; Cancouët, Romain; Coatanoan, Christine; Dobbler, Delphine; Juan, Andrea Garcia; Gourrion, Jerome; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Bernard, Vincent; Bourlès, Bernard; Claustre, Hervé; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Le Reste, Serge; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Rannou, Jean Philippe; Saout-grit, Carole; Speich, Sabrina; Thierry, Virginie; Verbrugge, Nathalie; Angel-benavides, Ingrid M.; Klein, Birgit; Notarstefano, Giulio; Poulain, Pierre-marie; Vélez-belchí, Pedro; Suga, Toshio; Ando, Kentaro; Iwasaska, Naoto; Kobayashi, Taiyo; Masuda, Shuhei; Oka, Eitarou; Sato, Kanako; Nakamura, Tomoaki; Sato, Katsunari; Takatsuki, Yasushi; Yoshida, Takashi; Cowley, Rebecca; Lovell, Jenny L.; Oke, Peter R.; Van Wijk, Esmee M.; Carse, Fiona; Donnelly, Matthew; Gould, W. John; Gowers, Katie; King, Brian A.; Loch, Stephen G.; Mowat, Mary; Turton, Jon; Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi; Ravichandran, M.; Freeland, Howard J.; Gaboury, Isabelle; Gilbert, Denis; Greenan, Blair J. W.; Ouellet, Mathieu; Ross, Tetjana; Tran, Anh; Dong, Mingmei; Liu, Zenghong; Xu, Jianping; Kang, Kiryong; Jo, Hyeongjun; Kim, Sung-dae; Park, Hyuk-min.
In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed, and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1,000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Global; Ocean; Pressure; Temperature; Salinity; Argo; Profiling; Floats.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76377/77385.pdf

Broadening the perspective on ocean privatizations: an interdisciplinary social science enquiry
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Schlüter, Achim; Bavinck, Maarten; Hadjimichael, Maria; Partelow, Stefan; Said, Alicia; Ertör, Irmak.
Privatization of the ocean, in the sense of defining more exclusive property rights, is taking place in increasingly diverse ways. Because of more intensive and diversified use patterns and increasing sustainability challenges, it is likely that this process will continue into the future. We argue that the nature of privatization varies from one oceanic domain to another. We differentiate four ideal-typical domains: (1) resources, (2) space, (3) governance control, and (4) knowledge, and nine criteria for the assessment of privatization. We apply those criteria to a selection of examples from the realm of marine life (from micro-organisms to fish) to highlight similarities and differences and establish foundations for broader analysis. We aim hereby to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Privatization; Property rights; Sustainability.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00648/76050/76994.pdf

Ocean FAIR Data Services
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Tanhua, Toste; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Hausman, Jessica; O’brien, Kevin; Bricher, Pip; De Bruin, Taco; Buck, Justin J. H.; Burger, Eugene F.; Carval, Thierry; Casey, Kenneth S.; Diggs, Steve; Giorgetti, Alessandra; Glaves, Helen; Harscoat, Valerie; Kinkade, Danie; Muelbert, Jose H.; Novellino, Antonio; Pfeil, Benjamin; Pulsifer, Peter L.; Van De Putte, Anton; Robinson, Erin; Schaap, Dick; Smirnov, Alexander; Smith, Neville; Snowden, Derrick; Spears, Tobias; Stall, Shelley; Tacoma, Marten; Thijsse, Peter; Tronstad, Stein; Vandenberghe, Thomas; Wengren, Micah; Wyborn, Lesley; Zhao, Zhiming.
Well-founded data management systems are of vital importance for ocean observing systems as they ensure that essential data are not only collected but also retained and made accessible for analysis and application by current and future users. Effective data management requires collaboration across activities including observations, metadata and data assembly, quality assurance and control (QA/QC), and data publication that enables local and interoperable discovery and access and secures archiving that guarantees long-term preservation. To achieve this, data should be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). Here, we outline how these principles apply to ocean data and illustrate them with a few examples. In recent decades, ocean data...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: FAIR; Ocean; Data management; Data services; Ocean observing; Standardization; Interoperability.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00509/62068/66248.pdf

The Underwater Vision Profiler 5: An advanced instrument for high spatial resolution studies of particle size spectra and zooplankton
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Picheral, Marc; Guidi, Lionel; Stemmann, Lars; Karl, David M.; Iddaoud, Ghizlaine; Gorsky, Gabriel.
The Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) was developed to quantify the vertical distribution of macroscopic particles and zooplankton &gt; 100 mu m in size. The smaller size limit is fixed by optical resolution, whereas the larger size limit is determined by the volume of water illuminated per image. The new fifth generation instrument (UVP5) is compact (30 kg in air) and operates either as a stand-alone instrument with an independent power supply for use on a mooring or free-drifting array, or as a component of a Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD)-rosette package. Images are recorded at a frequency up to 6 Hz. If the UVP5 is interfaced with a CTD, these images are acquired and analyzed in real time. Images are recorded every 20 cm at the 1 m s(-1)...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Video plankton recorder; Marine snow; MU-M; Vertical distribution; Aggregate dynamics; In situ; System; Ocean; Flux; Phytoplankton.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00133/24413/22426.pdf

Connecting MPAs - eight challenges for science and management
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lagabrielle, Erwann; Crochelet, Estelle; Andrello, Marco; Schill, Steven R.; Arnaud-haond, Sophie; Alloncle, Neil; Ponge, Benjamin.
Connectivity is a crucial process underpinning the persistence, recovery, and productivity of marine ecosystems. The Convention on Biological Diversity, through the Aichi Target 11, has set the ambitious objective of implementing a ‘well connected system of protected areas’ by 2020. This paper identifies eight challenges toward the integration of connectivity into MPA network management and planning. A summary table lists the main recommendations in terms of method, tool, advice, or action to address each of these challenges. Authors belong to a science–management continuum including researchers, international NGO officers, and national MPA agency members. Three knowledge challenges are addressed: selecting and integrating connectivity measurement metrics;...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Coastal; Conservation evaluation; Marine protected areas; Spatial modelling; Fishing.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00226/33742/33891.pdf

Performances study of interferometric radar altimeters: from the instrument to the global mission definition
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Enjolras, Vivien; Vincent, Patrick; Souyris, Jean-claude; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Phalippou, Laurent; Cazenave, Anny.
The main limitations of standard nadir-looking radar altimeters have been known for long. They include the lack of coverage (intertrack distance of typically 150 km for the T/P / Jason tandem), and the spatial resolution ( typically 2 km for T/P and Jason), expected to be a limiting factor for the determination of mesoscale phenomena in deep ocean. In this context, various solutions using off-nadir radar interferometry have been proposed by Rodriguez and al to give an answer to oceanographic mission objectives. This paper addresses the performances study of this new generation of instruments, and dedicated mission. A first approach is based on the Wide-Swath Ocean Altimeter (WSOA) intended to be implemented onboard Jason-2 in 2004 but now abandoned. Every...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Altimetry; Interferometry; Error budget; System analysis; Ocean; Mesoscale.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00284/39507/38002.pdf

Air Pollution and Sea Pollution Seen from Space
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Viatte, Camille; Clerbaux, Cathy; Maes, Christophe; Daniel, Pierre; Garello, René; Safieddine, Sarah; Ardhuin, Fabrice.
Air pollution and sea pollution are both impacting human health and all the natural environments on Earth. These complex interactions in the biosphere are becoming better known and understood. Major progress has been made in recent past years for understanding their societal and environmental impacts, thanks to remote sensors placed aboard satellites. This paper describes the state of the art of what is known about air pollution and focuses on specific aspects of marine pollution, which all benefit from the improved knowledge of the small-scale eddy field in the oceans. Examples of recent findings are shown, based on the global observing system (both remote and in situ) with standardized protocols for monitoring emerging environmental threats at the global...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Atmosphere; Ocean; Space-borne instrument.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00635/74687/74596.pdf

Impact of multiple altimeter data and mean dynamic topography in a global analysis and forecasting system
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Hamon, Mathieu; Greiner, Eric; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Remy, Elisabeth.
Satellite altimetry is one of the main sources of information used to constrain global ocean analysis and forecasting systems. In addition to in situ vertical temperature and salinity profiles, and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data, Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) from multiple altimeters are assimilated through the knowledge of a surface reference, the Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT). The quality of analyses and forecasts mainly depends on the availability of SLA observations and on the accuracy of the MDT. A series of Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) were conducted to assess the relative importance of the number of assimilated altimeters and the accuracy of the MDT in a Mercator Ocean global ¼° ocean data assimilation system. Dedicated tools were used to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Sea level; Remote sensing; Forecast verification; Skill; Operational forecasting; General circulation models.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00502/61389/65053.pdf

Low-Frequency Sea Surface Radar Doppler Echo
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Yurovsky, Yury Yu.; Kudryavtsev, Vladimir N.; Grodsky, Semyon A.; Chapron, Bertrand.
The sea surface normalized radar backscatter cross-section (NRCS) and Doppler velocity (DV) exhibit energy at low frequencies (LF) below the surface wave peak. These NRCS and DV variations are coherent and thus may produce a bias in the DV averaged over large footprints, which is important for interpretation of Doppler scatterometer measurements. To understand the origin of LF variations, the platform-borne Ka-band radar measurements with well-pronounced LF variations at frequencies below wave peak (0.19 Hz) are analyzed. These data show that the LF NRCS is coherent with wind speed at 21 m height while the LF DV is not. The NRCS-wind correlation is significant only at frequencies below 0.01 Hz indicating either differences between near-surface wind...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Radar; Ocean; Backscatter; Doppler shift; Wave groups; Non-linearity; Modulation.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00445/55646/57298.pdf

Aquaculture and marine protected areas: Potential opportunities and synergies
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Gouvello, Raphaela; Hochart, Laure-elise; Laffoley, Dan; Simard, Francois; Andrade, Carlos; Angel, Dror; Callier, Myriam; De Monbrison, David; Fezzardi, Davide; Haroun, Ricardo; Harris, Alasdair; Hughes, Adam; Massa, Fabio; Roque D'Orbcastel, Emmanuelle; Soto, Doris; Stead, Selina; Marino, Giovanna.
To meet the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11 on marine biodiversity protection and Aichi Target 6 on sustainable fisheries by 2020, as well as the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 on food security and SDG 14 on oceans by 2030, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to reconcile nature conservation and sustainable development. This paper argues for effective governance to support processes that apply principles of sustainable development and an ecosystem approach to decide about economic activities at sea such as aquaculture. It describes opportunities, benefits and synergies between aquaculture and MPAs as a basis for wider debate. The scope is not a comprehensive analysis of aquaculture and MPAs, but rather to present examples...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Ecosystem approach; Environmental impact assessment; Littoral; Marine protected area; Ocean; Sublittoral.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00398/50969/51848.pdf

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) sea surface distributions simulated from a global three-dimensional ocean carbon cycle model
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Aumont, Olivier; Belviso, Sauveur; Monfray, Patrick.
[1] A global model for surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) and particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) (pDMS) distributions is presented. The main goals of this work were to be able to predict the regional distribution of the air-sea fluxes of DMS and to predict eventually their future evolution with climate change. Diagnostic relationships have been established from data sets obtained during the ALBATROSS and EUMELI cruises carried out in the Atlantic Ocean. These equations nonlinearly relate DMS and pDMSP concentrations to chlorophyll concentrations and to the trophic status of surface waters. This model has been embedded in the global ocean carbon cycle model Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace-Ocean Carbon Cycle Model version 2 (ISPL-OCCM2), a simple...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Biogeochemistry; Ecosystem modeling; DMS; Global.
Ano: 2002
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00223/33448/31824.pdf

From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Reppucci, Antonio; Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique; Aouf, Lotfi; Behrens, Arno; Belmonte, Maria; Bentamy, Abderrahim; Bertino, Laurent; Brando, Vittorio Ernesto; Kreiner, Matilde Brandt; Benkiran, Mounir; Carval, Thierry; Ciliberti, Stefania A.; Claustre, Hervé; Clementi, Emanuela; Coppini, Giovanni; Cossarini, Gianpiero; De Alfonso Alonso-muñoyerro, Marta; Delamarche, Anne; Dibarboure, Gerald; Dinessen, Frode; Drevillon, Marie; Drillet, Yann; Faugere, Yannice; Fernández, Vicente; Fleming, Andrew; Garcia-hermosa, M. Isabel; Sotillo, Marcos García; Garric, Gilles; Gasparin, Florent; Giordan, Cedric; Gehlen, Marion; Gregoire, Marilaure L.; Guinehut, Stephanie; Hamon, Michel; Harris, Chris; Hernandez, Fabrice; Hinkler, Jørgen B.; Hoyer, Jacob; Karvonen, Juha; Kay, Susan; King, Robert; Lavergne, Thomas; Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte; Lima, Leonardo; Mao, Chongyuan; Martin, Matthew J; Masina, Simona; Melet, Angelique; Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno; Nolan, Glenn; Pascual, Ananda; Pistoia, Jenny; Palazov, Atanas; Piolle, Jean-francois; Pujol, Marie Isabelle; Pequignet, Anne Christine; Peneva, Elisaveta; Pérez Gómez, Begoña; Petit De La Villeon, Loic; Pinardi, Nadia; Pisano, Andrea; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Reid, Rebecca; Remy, Elisabeth; Santoleri, Rosalia; Siddorn, John; She, Jun; Staneva, Joanna; Stoffelen, Ad; Tonani, Marina; Vandenbulcke, Luc; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Volpe, Gianluca; Wettre, Cecilie; Zacharioudaki, Anna.
The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Observing systems; Satellite; In situ; Data assimilation; Services.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00498/60983/64389.pdf

An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Brodeau, Laurent; Barnier, Bernard; Treguier, Anne-marie; Penduff, Thierry; Gulev, Sergei.
We develop, calibrate and test a dataset intended to drive global ocean hindcasts simulations of the last five decades. This dataset provides surface meteorological variables needed to estimate air-sea fluxes and is built from 6-hourly surface atmospheric state variables of ERA40. We first compare the raw fields of ERA40 to the CORE.v1 clataset of Large and Yeager (2004). used here as a reference, and discuss our choice to use daily radiative fluxes and monthly precipitation products extracted from satellite data rather than their ERA40 counterparts. Both datasets lead to excessively high global imbalances of heat and freshwater fluxes when tested with a prescribed climatological sea surface temperature. After identifying unrealistic time discontinuities...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Hindcast; Atmospheric forcing; Air sea fluxes; Weather reanalyzes; Satellite.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11154/14032.pdf

Machine Learning Estimates of Global Marine Nitrogen Fixation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Tang, Weiyi; Li, Zuchuan; Cassar, Nicolas.
Marine nitrogen (N2) fixation supplies “new” nitrogen to the global ocean, supporting uptake and sequestration of carbon. Despite its central role, marine N2 fixation and its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we compile over 1,100 published observations to identify the dominant predictors of marine N2 fixation and derive global estimates based on the machine learning algorithms of random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR). We find that no single environmental property predicts N2 fixation at global scales. Our RF and SVR algorithms, trained with sampling coordinates and month, solar radiation, wind speed, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, surface nitrate, surface phosphate, surface excess phosphorus, minimum...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: N-2 fixation; Machine-learning; Ocean.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00483/59501/62371.pdf

On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Roemmich, Dean; Alford, Matthew H.; Claustre, Hervé; Johnson, Kenneth; King, Brian; Moum, James; Oke, Peter; Owens, W. Brechner; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Purkey, Sarah; Scanderbeg, Megan; Suga, Toshio; Wijffels, Susan; Zilberman, Nathalie; Bakker, Dorothee; Baringer, Molly; Belbeoch, Mathieu; Bittig, Henry C.; Boss, Emmanuel; Calil, Paulo; Carse, Fiona; Carval, Thierry; Chai, Fei; Conchubhair, Diarmuid Ó.; D’ortenzio, Fabrizio; Dall’olmo, Giorgio; Desbruyeres, Damien; Fennel, Katja; Fer, Ilker; Ferrari, Raffaele; Forget, Gael; Freeland, Howard; Fujiki, Tetsuichi; Gehlen, Marion; Greenan, Blair; Hallberg, Robert; Hibiya, Toshiyuki; Hosoda, Shigeki; Jayne, Steven; Jochum, Markus; Johnson, Gregory C.; Kang, Kiryong; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Körtzinger, Arne; Traon, Pierre-yves Le; Lenn, Yueng-djern; Maze, Guillaume; Mork, Kjell Arne; Morris, Tamaryn; Nagai, Takeyoshi; Nash, Jonathan; Garabato, Alberto Naveira; Olsen, Are; Pattabhi, Rama Rao; Prakash, Satya; Riser, Stephen; Schmechtig, Catherine; Schmid, Claudia; Shroyer, Emily; Sterl, Andreas; Sutton, Philip; Talley, Lynne; Tanhua, Toste; Thierry, Virginie; Thomalla, Sandy; Toole, John; Troisi, Ariel; Trull, Thomas W.; Turton, Jon; Velez-belchi, Pedro Joaquin; Walczowski, Waldemar; Wang, Haili; Wanninkhof, Rik; Waterhouse, Amy F.; Waterman, Stephanie; Watson, Andrew; Wilson, Cara; Wong, Annie P. S.; Xu, Jianping; Yasuda, Ichiro.
The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean temperature and salinity versus pressure, from the sea surface to 2000 dbar. The successful installation of the Argo array and its innovative data management system arose opportunistically from the combination of great scientific need and technological innovation. Through the data system, Argo provides fundamental physical observations with broad societally-valuable applications, built on the cost-efficient and robust technologies of autonomous profiling floats. Following recent advances in platform and sensor technologies, even greater opportunity exists now than 20 years ago to (i)...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Argo; Floats; Global; Ocean; Warming; Circulation; Temperature; Salinity.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00509/62043/66192.pdf

Monte Carlo-Based Quantification of Uncertainties in Determining Ocean Remote Sensing Reflectance from Underwater Fixed-Depth Radiometry Measurements
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bialek, Agnieszka; Vellucci, Vincenzo; Gentili, Bernard; Antoine, David; Gorrono, Javier; Fox, Nigel; Underwood, Craig.
A new framework that enables evaluation of the in situ ocean color radiometry measurement uncertainty is presented. The study was conducted on the multispectral data from a permanent mooring deployed in clear open ocean water. The uncertainty is evaluated for each component of the measurement equation and data processing step that leads to deriving the remote sensing reflectance. The Monte Carlo method was selected to handle the data complexity such as correlation and nonlinearity in an efficient manner. The results are presented for a prescreened dataset that is suitable for system vicarious calibration applications. The framework provides uncertainty value per measurement taking into consideration environmental conditions present during acquisition. A...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; In situ oceanic observations; Quality assurance; Control; Error analysis.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00640/75202/75334.pdf

Rapport final du groupe de travail. Futur de Coriolis
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Cocquempot, Lucie.
This report provides the final report of the « Future of Coriolis » working group set up by the Governing Board of the Coriolis 2014-2020 framework agreement during the second half of 2019. It is structured around 4 parts: context, status, recommendations and next steps.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Accord cadre Coriolis 2014-2020; Océan; Observations à long terme; Infrastructure de recherche; Coordination inter-organismes; Prospective; Coriolis Framework Agreement 2014-2020; Ocean; Long-term observation; Research infrastructure; Inter-agency coordination; Foresight.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77963/80181.pdf

Rôle du rail équatorial dans la circulation méridienne océanique : interactions des échelles spatiales conduisant au mélange
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Menesguen, Claire.
The large scale meridional overturning circulation in the ocean is maintained by a combination of several mechanisms. This dissertation focuses on turbulent equatorial mixing, one of the key mechanisms to balance heat forcing.    The motivation for the research is observations of thin layers of well-mixed density and tracers distributed intermittently over the vertical that coincide with particular features of a larger scale pattern of equatorial jets.     A large number of numerical experiments at moderately high resolution was performed in order to successfully replicate the observed equatorial dynamics, which involves both quasi-barotropic extra-equatorial jets and small vertical scale equatorial deep jets. The combination of the two systems of jets...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Dynamics; Ocean; Shear instability; Inertial instability; Scales interaction; Mixing; Equator; Dynamique; Océan; Instabilité de cisaillement; Instabilité inertielle; Interaction d'échelles; Mélange; Équateur.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/these-6463.pdf

An iron cycle cascade governs the response of equatorial Pacific ecosystems to climate change
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Tagliabue, Alessandro; Barrier, Nicolas; Du Pontavice, Hubert; Kwiatkowski, Lester; Aumont, Olivier; Bopp, Laurent; Cheung, William W. L.; Gascuel, Didier; Maury, Olivier.
Earth System Models project that global climate change will reduce ocean net primary production (NPP), upper trophic level biota biomass and potential fisheries catches in the future, especially in the eastern equatorial Pacific. However, projections from Earth System Models are undermined by poorly constrained assumptions regarding the biological cycling of iron, which is the main limiting resource for NPP over large parts of the ocean. In this study, we show that the climate change trends in NPP and the biomass of upper trophic levels are strongly affected by modifying assumptions associated with phytoplankton iron uptake. Using a suite of model experiments, we find 21st century climate change impacts on regional NPP range from −12.3% to +2.4% under a...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Iron; Marine ecosystems; Net primary production; Ocean.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76417/77470.pdf

Model-Observations Synergy in the Coastal Ocean
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: De Mey-frémaux, Pierre; Ayoub, Nadia; Barth, Alexander; Brewin, Robert; Charria, Guillaume; Campuzano, Francisco; Ciavatta, Stefano; Cirano, Mauro; Edwards, Christopher A.; Federico, Ivan; Gao, Shan; Garcia Hermosa, Isabel; Garcia Sotillo, Marcos; Hewitt, Helene; Hole, Lars Robert; Holt, Jason; King, Robert; Kourafalou, Villy; Lu, Youyu; Mourre, Baptiste; Pascual, Ananda; Staneva, Joanna; Stanev, Emil V.; Wang, Hui; Zhu, Xueming.
Integration of observations of the coastal ocean continuum, from regional oceans to shelf seas and estuaries/deltas with models, can substantially increase the value of observations and enable a wealth of applications. In particular, models can play a critical role at connecting sparse observations, synthesizing them, and assisting the design of observational networks; in turn, whenever available, observations can guide coastal model development. Coastal observations should sample the two-way interactions between nearshore, estuarine and shelf processes and open ocean processes, while accounting for the different pace of circulation drivers, such as the fast atmospheric, hydrological and tidal processes and the slower general ocean circulation and climate...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Coastal; Ocean; Observations; Models; Synergy; Synthesis; Assimilation; Array design.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00508/61961/66050.pdf

THE AEROCLIPPER A New Device to Explore Convective Systems and Cyclones
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Duvel, J. P.; Basdevant, C.; Bellenger, H.; Reverdin, Gilles; Vargas, A.; Vialard, Jerome.
Aeroclipper balloons, designed for taking measurements at the air-sea interface, can withstand extreme conditions encountered when they are drawn into tropical cyclones and then follow the eye trajectory.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric research; Boundary layer; Surface fluxes; Arabian sea; Parameterization; Balloons; Ocean; Temperature; Enhancement; Evaporation.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00185/29635/27989.pdf

A mid-Holocene transition in the nitrogen dynamics of the western equatorial Pacific: Evidence of a deepening thermocline?
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kienast, M.; Lehmann, M. F.; Timmermann, A.; Galbraith, E.; Bolliet, T.; Holboum, A.; Normandeau, C.; Laj, C.
Sedimentary delta(15)N records from the oligotrophic western equatorial Pacific (WEP) off Mindanao show that late Holocene sedimentary delta(15)N is substantially lower than that of the early Holocene, following a gradual &gt;3 parts per thousand decrease that occurred between 7 and 3 kyrs ago. Analyses of modem day nitrate isotope profiles from the same region indicate the sensitivity of the WEP N pools towards (1) the advection of (15)N-enriched nitrate from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) by the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and the Mindanao Current in subsurface waters and, (2) at shallow depths, the input of new and (15)N-depleted nitrate through N, fixation. We suggest that the Holocene decrease in sedimentary delta(15)N reflects a diminished...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Tropical Pacific; El Nino; Surface temperature; Fresh water; Nitrate; Mindanao; Ocean; Variability; Holocene; Seawater.
Ano: 2008
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00207/31843/30257.pdf

Measurements of Enhanced Near-Surface Turbulence Under Windrows
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Zippel, Seth F.; Maksym, Ted; Scully, Malcolm; Sutherland, Peter; Dumont, Dany.
Observations of waves, winds, turbulence, and the geometry and circulation of windrows were made in a shallow bay in the winter of 2018 outside of Rimouski, Québec. Water velocities measured from a forward-looking pulse-coherent ADCP mounted on a small zodiac show spanwise (cross-windrow) convergence, streamwise (downwind) velocity enhancement, and downwelling in the windrows, consistent with the view that windrows are the result of counter-rotating pairs of wind-aligned vortices. The spacing of windrows, measured with acoustic backscatter and with surface imagery, was measured to be approximately twice the water depth, which suggests an aspect ratio of 1. The magnitude and vertical distribution of turbulence measured from the ADCP are consistent with a...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Boundary layer; Langmuir circulation; In situ oceanic observations; Surface observations.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00593/70552/68722.pdf

Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and contribution to Earth system science
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Breviere, Emilie H. G.; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Bange, Hermann W.; Bates, Timothy S.; Bell, Thomas G.; Boyd, Philip W.; Duce, Robert A.; Garcon, Veronique; Johnson, Martin T.; Law, Cliff S.; Marandino, Christa A.; Olsen, Are; Quack, Birgit; Quinn, Patricia K.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Saltzman, Eric S.
The domain of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere is a complex, highly dynamic component of the Earth system. Better understanding of the physics and biogeochemistry of the air-sea interface and the processes that control the exchange of mass and energy across that boundary define the scope of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project. The scientific questions driving SOLAS research, as laid out in the SOLAS Science Plan and Implementation Strategy for the period 2004-2014, are highly challenging, inherently multidisciplinary and broad. During that decade, SOLAS has significantly advanced our knowledge. Discoveries related to the physics of exchange, global trace gas budgets and atmospheric chemistry, the CLAW hypothesis (named after its...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Atmosphere; Processes; Biogeochemistry; Flux; Climate.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00293/40405/38964.pdf

Sea Surface Ka-Band Doppler Measurements: Analysis and Model Development
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Yurovsky, Yury; Kudryavtsev, Vladimir; Grodsky, Semyon; Chapron, Bertrand.
Multi-year field measurements of sea surface Ka-band dual-co-polarized (vertical transmit–receive polarization (VV) and horizontal transmit–receive polarization (HH)) radar Doppler characteristics from an oceanographic platform in the Black Sea are presented. The Doppler centroid (DC) estimated using the first moment of 5 min averaged spectrum, corrected for measured sea surface current, ranges between 0 and ≈1 m/s for incidence angles increasing from 0 to 70∘ . Besides the known wind-to-radar azimuth dependence, the DC can also depend on wind-to-dominant wave direction. For co-aligned wind and waves, a negative crosswind DC residual is found, ≈−0.1 m/s, at ≈20 ∘ incidence angle, becoming negligible at ≈ 60 ∘ , and raising to, ≈+0.5 m/s, at 70∘ . For our...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Radar; Scatterometer; Ocean; Backscatter; Doppler shift; Doppler centroid; Sea surface current; Wind drift; Modulation; Transfer function; Empirical model.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00489/60077/63399.pdf

Développement et essais d’un salinomètre optique pour l’océanographie
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Menn, Monique; Malardé, Damien; David, Arnaud; Brault, Patrice; Grosso, Philippe; De Bougrenet De La Tocnaye, Jean-louis; Le Reste, Serge; Podeur, Christian.
Salinity is the essential parameter for ocean dynamics studies. Its definition and using in the equations used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater, were revised in 2010, opening the possibility of new sensors developments. In this context, NOSS (NKE Optical Salinity Sensor) has emerged as one of the first underwater instrument for in situ refractive index measurement in the past years open up the scope of possibilities to access to density parameter. This achievement is the fruit of the cooperation between several institutions and the fruit of several years of developments and trials. NOSS sensor is designed to be deployed in coastal environment and open-ocean waters up to 2000m, especially on profiling floats of the Argo network.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Salinity; Density; Ocean; Seawater; Refractive index; Sensor.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00664/77601/79616.pdf

Wave-Current Interactions at Meso and Submesoscales: Insights from Idealized Numerical Simulations
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Villas Bôas, Ana B.; Cornuelle, Bruce. D.; Mazloff, Matthew. R.; Gille, Sarah. T.; Ardhuin, Fabrice.
Surface gravity waves play a major role in the exchange of momentum, heat, energy, and gases between the ocean and the atmosphere. The interaction between currents and waves can lead to variations in the wave direction, frequency, and amplitude. In the present work, we use an ensemble of synthetic currents to force the wave model WAVEWATCH III and assess the relative impact of current divergence and vorticity in modifying several properties of the waves, including direction, period, directional spreading, and significant wave height (Hs). We find that the spatial variability of Hs is highly sensitive to the nature of the underlying current and that refraction is the main mechanism leading to gradients of Hs. The results obtained using synthetic currents...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Sea/ocean surface; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Mesoscale processes; Waves; Oceanic; Numerical analysis/modeling.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00654/76592/77740.pdf

Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Technological Developments on Profiling Floats in the NAOS Project
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: André, Xavier; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Le Reste, Serge; Dutreuil, Vincent; Leymarie, Edouard; Malardé, Damien; Marec, Claudie; Sagot, Jérôme; Amice, Martin; Babin, Marcel; Claustre, Hervé; David, Arnaud; D’ortenzio, Fabrizio; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Lagunas, José Luis; Le Menn, Marc; Moreau, Bertrand; Nogré, David; Penkerc’h, Christophe; Poteau, Antoine; Renaut, Corentin; Schaeffer, Christophe; Taillandier, Vincent; Thierry, Virginie.
The international array of profiling floats known as Argo is a major component of the global ocean- and climate-observing system. In 2010, the NAOS (Novel Argo Observing System) project was selected as part of France’s Equipex “Investissement d’Avenir” program. The objectives of NAOS were to consolidate the French contribution to the Argo core mission (global temperature and salinity measurements down to 2,000 m) as well as to develop the future generation of French Argo profiling floats and prepare the next phase of the Argo program with an extension to the deep ocean (Deep-Argo), biogeochemistry (BGC-Argo) and polar seas. This paper summarizes the main technological advances and at-sea validations carried out as part of NAOS: development of a deep (4,000...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Argo; Global observing system; Profiling float; Deep; Biogeochemistry; Under-ice; Float technology.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00658/77029/78314.pdf

How deep Argo will improve the deep ocean in an ocean reanalysis
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gasparin, Florent; Hamon, Mathieu; Rémy, Elisabeth; Le Traon, Pierre-yves.
Global ocean sampling with autonomous floats going to 4,000 m/6,000 m, known as the deep Argo array, constitutes one of the next challenges for tracking climate change. The question here is how such global deep array will impact on ocean reanalyses. Based on the different behavior of four ocean reanalyses, we first identified that large uncertainty exist in current reanalyses in representing local heat and freshwater fluxes in the deep ocean (1 W/m2 and 10 cm/yr regionally). Additionally, temperature and salinity comparison with deep Argo observations demonstrates that reanalysis error in the deep ocean are of the same size, or even stronger, than the deep ocean signal. An experimental approach, using the 1/4◦ GLORYS2V4 system, is then presented to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ocean; Thermocline circulation; Bottom currents; Bottom water; In situ oceanic observations; Reanalysis data; Oceanic variability.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00515/62647/67023.pdf

Global data products help assess changes to ocean carbon sink
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Pfeil, Benjamin; Olsen, Are; Sabine, Christopher L.; Metzl, Nicolas; Hankin, Steven; Koyuk, Heather; Kozyr, Alex; Malczyk, Jeremy; Manke, Ansley; Telszewski, Maciej.
Net oceanic uptake of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) reduces global warming but also leads to ocean acidification [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. Understanding and predicting changes in the ocean carbon sink are critical to assessments of future climate change. Surface water CO2 measurements suggest large year-to-year variations in oceanic CO2 uptake for several regions [Doney et al., 2009]. However, there is much debate on whether these changes are cyclical or indicative of long-term trends. Sustained, globally coordinated observations of the surface ocean carbon cycle and systematic handling of such data are essential for assessing variation and trends in regional and global ocean carbon uptake, information necessary...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Ocean; Coastal; Synthesis.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00140/25162/23290.pdf