Consulta: subjectFacets:"Pastoralism"
Registros recuperados: 22
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 04:26:19

Applying a synthetic approach to the resilience of Finnish reindeer herding as a changing livelihood
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sarkki, Simo; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; simo.sarkki@oulu.fi; Komu, Teresa; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; Teresa.komu@oulu.fi; Heikkinen, Hannu I; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; hannu.i.heikkinen@oulu.fi; Herva, Vesa-Pekka; Archaeology, University of Oulu, Finland; vesa-pekka.herva@oulu.fi.
Reindeer herding is an emblematic livelihood for Northern Finland, culturally important for local people and valuable in tourism marketing. We examine the livelihood resilience of Finnish reindeer herding by narrowing the focus of general resilience on social-ecological systems (SESs) to a specific livelihood while also acknowledging wider contexts in which reindeer herding is embedded. The questions for specified resilience can be combined with the applied DPSIR approach (Drivers; Pressures: resilience to what; State: resilience of what; Impacts: resilience for whom; Responses: resilience by whom and how). This paper is based on a synthesis of the authors&amp;#8217; extensive anthropological fieldwork on reindeer herding and other land uses in Northern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cumulative pressures; DPSIR approach; Environmental governance; Land use; Livelihood resilience; Pastoralism.
Ano: 2016

&amp;#8220;A shepherd has to invent&amp;#8221;:  Poetic analysis of social-ecological change in the cultural landscape of the central Spanish Pyrenees
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fern&amp;#225;ndez-Gim&amp;#233;nez, Maria E.; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; maria.fernandez-gimenez@colostate.edu.
Since the mid-20th century, the Pyrenean pastoral social-ecological system (SES) has undergone socioeconomic and demographic transformations leading to changes in grazing practices and a decline in the livestock industry. Land abandonment has contributed to an ecological transition from herbaceous vegetation cover to shrublands and forests, leading to a loss of ecosystem services, including biodiversity and forage. I interviewed 27 stockmen (ganaderos) in two valleys of the central Pyrenees to document their traditional ecological knowledge and observations of environmental, social, economic, and cultural changes in the valleys. I used poetic analysis, a qualitative data analysis approach, to illustrate and analyze one ganadero&amp;#8217;s experience of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arts-based analysis; Cultural ecosystem services; Pastoralism; Place attachment; Place identity; Rangelands; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

Rebuilding Resilience in the Sahel: Regreening in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Reij, Chris P; Centre for International Cooperation, Vrij Universitaet; CP.Reij@dienst.vu.nl; Magnuszewski, Piotr; Center for Systems Solutions; piotr.magnuszewski@crs.org.pl.
The societies and ecosystems of the Nigerien Sahel appeared increasingly vulnerable to climatic and economic uncertainty in the late twentieth century. Severe episodes of drought and famine drove massive livestock losses and human migration and mortality. Soil erosion and tree loss reduced a woodland to a scrub steppe and fed a myth of the Sahara desert relentlessly advancing southward. Over the past two decades this myth has been shattered by the dramatic reforestation of more than 5 million hectares in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger. No single actor, policy, or practice appears behind this successful regreening of the Sahel. Multiple actors, institutions and processes operated at different levels, times, and scales to initiate and sustain this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agro-forestry; Farmer managed natural regeneration; Maradi Region; Niger; Pastoralism; Reforestation; Regreening; Resilience; Vulnerability; West Africa; Zinder Region.
Ano: 2011

Traditional ecological knowledge among transhumant pastoralists in Mediterranean Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Mobility is a millenary human strategy to deal with environmental change. An outstanding example of mobility is transhumance, an ancient pastoralist practice consisting of the seasonal migration of livestock between ecological regions following peaks in pasture productivity. The maintenance of transhumance depends partly on the preservation of related traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). We (a) identified and characterized social groups that hold transhumance-related TEK, (b) analyzed trends in transhumance-related TEK across generations and social groups, (c) examined the factors that influence variation in levels of TEK, and (d) analyzed elements of transhumance-related TEK as examples of adaptive strategies to cope with global change. We used...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Drove road; Environmental change; Mobility; Pastoralism; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Assessing the resilience of a real-world social-ecological system: lessons from a multidisciplinary evaluation of a South African pastoral system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kuhn, Arnim; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn; arnim.kuhn@ilr.uni-bonn.de; Naumann, Christiane; Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Cologne; christiane.naumann@uni-koeln.de; Rasch, Sebastian; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn; sebastian.rasch@ilr.uni-bonn.de; Sandhage-Hofmann, Alexandra; Soil Science and Soil Ecology Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; sandhage@uni-bonn.de; Amelung, Wulf; Soil Science and Soil Ecology Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; wulf.amelung@uni-bonn.de; Jordaan, Jorrie; Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Limpopo; jorrie.jj@gmail.com; Du Preez, Chris C.; Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State; dpreezcc@ufs.ac.za; Bollig, Michael; Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Cologne; M.Bollig@verw.uni-koeln.de.
In the past decades, social-ecological systems (SESs) worldwide have undergone dramatic transformations with often detrimental consequences for livelihoods. Although resilience thinking offers promising conceptual frameworks to understand SES transformations, empirical resilience assessments of real-world SESs are still rare because SES complexity requires integrating knowledge, theories, and approaches from different disciplines. Taking up this challenge, we empirically assess the resilience of a South African pastoral SES to drought using various methods from natural and social sciences. In the ecological subsystem, we analyze rangelands&amp;#8217; ability to buffer drought effects on forage provision, using soil and vegetation indicators. In the social...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Drought; Empirical resilience assessment; Globalization; Institutions; Monetary resources; Pastoralism; Rangelands; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2016

Local knowledge production, transmission, and the importance of village leaders in a network of Tibetan pastoralists coping with environmental change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopping, Kelly A.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; khopping@stanford.edu; Yangzong, Ciren; Geography Department, Tibet University; ciy022@hotmail.com; Klein, Julia A.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University; julia.klein@colostate.edu.
Changing climate, social institutions, and natural resource management policies are reshaping the dynamics of social-ecological systems globally, with subsistence-based communities likely to be among the most vulnerable to the impacts of global change. These communities&amp;#8217; local ecological knowledge is increasingly recognized as a source of adaptive capacity for them as well as a crucial source of information to be incorporated into scientific understanding and policy making. We interviewed Tibetan pastoralists about their observations of environmental changes, their interpretations of the causes of these changes, and the ways in which they acquire and transmit this knowledge. We found that community members tended to agree that changing climate is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural consensus analysis  global change; Local ecological knowledge; Pastoralism; Social networks; Tibetan Plateau.
Ano: 2016

Kenyan pastoralist societies in transition: varying perceptions of the value of ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kaye-Zwiebel, Eva; Resource Development Associates; evainkenya@gmail.com; King, Elizabeth; Odum School of Ecology and Warnell School of Forestry &amp; Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu.
In the drylands of northern Kenya, as elsewhere in Africa, traditional pastoralist social-ecological systems are undergoing profound transformations. Diminishing resource availability, changing social values and governance systems, and new resource management institutions challenge the capacity of communities for effective common pool resource management.  Individuals&amp;#8217; values and environmental perceptions play a substantial role in decision making regarding resource use and management. Additionally, social capital within communities can influence cooperative and adaptive resource management. We studied five Laikipia Maasai communities in Kenya, which share a common natural environment, history, and political organization.  We surveyed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Conservation; Grazing; Pastoralism; Social capital.
Ano: 2014

アジアの伝統的乳製品とその乳加工体系を探る
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro.
平成13年日本栄養・食糧学会21C記念　近畿, 中国・四国支部合同大会（第40回記念近畿支部, 第34回中国・四国支部大会）シンポジウム
Palavras-chave: 搾乳; 乳加工体系; 牧畜; 乳文化圏; ユーラシア大陸; Milking; Milk processing system; Milk cultural sphere; Pastoralism; Eurasia.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3181

チベット高原西部におけるチベット系ラダーク牧畜民カルナクパの季節移動システム : インド北部ヒマラヤ山脈西部北斜面チャンタン地域カルナクでの事例から
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 平田, 昌弘; Hirata, Masahiro.
The participant observation and interview on the nomad, “Karnak-pa”, were conducted in September of 2010 and August of 2011 in Karnak, Ladakh district, Jammu and Kashmir Province, north India to understand the seasonal movement of the pastoralist in the Himalayan highland and analyze the characteristics of its strategy. The seasonal movement of Karnak-pa was largely classified into the 2 phases, summer and autumn grazing from late April to middle September/middle October, and winter and spring grazing from middle September/middle October to late April. The target of seasonal movement for grazing during summer and autumn was to get better grass resources, and the time of its movement was influenced by the condition of grass resources. Since grass resources...
Palavras-chave: チャンタン; 牧畜; 遊牧; 標高差; 季節移動; Changtang; Pastoralism; Nomadism; Difference of elevation; Seasonal movement.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3590

ユーラシア大陸乾燥地帯における乳文化圏二元論
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 平田, 昌弘; HIRATA, Masahiro.
日本西アジア考古学会より了承を得て転載
Palavras-chave: 乳文化圏; 乳加工体系; 牧畜; 伝播; ユーラシア大陸; Milk cultural sphere; Milk processing system; Pastoralism; Diffusion; Eurasia.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3182

大規模牧場が野生動植物の保全に果たす役割についての予備調査 : ケニア高原の事例から
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 平田, 昌弘; 門平, 睦代; 水谷, 文美; 松本, 葉; 小疇, 浩; 佐藤, 雅俊; HIRATA, Masahiro; KADOHIRA, Mutsuyo; MIZUTANI, Fumi; MATSUMOTO, Kazuha; KOAZE, Hiroshi; SATO, Masatoshi.
ケニア高原地帯のライキピア県において、大規模牧場が野生動植物の保全に果たす役割を検討するために、ヨーロッパ人による大規模牧場と現地の人々による小規模牧畜地帯における植生状態と土地利用の現状を定性的に把握した。大規模牧場（ロルダイガ牧場）の植生は、原生林（林床が短草型草本）、Acacia林（林床が長草型草本）、そして、局所的にAcacia林（林床が短草型草本）によって構成されていた。植生は、ExcellentからFairの状態で利用され、多くはGoodの状態で利用されていると評価された。草地1 ha当たりに換算したウシ飼養頭数が0.25頭という低い放牧圧であれば、植生はほぼGoodの状態で管理されることが示唆された。一方、小規模牧畜地帯（イル-ポレイ集落）の植生は、主にAcacia林（林床が短草型草本）となっていた。この土地利用の状態は、FairからPoorであると評価され、草地1 ha当たりに換算したウシ飼養頭数が2.26頭という極めて高い放牧圧では、植生はPoorに向かって退行してしまうと判断できる。「大規模放牧地で緩やかな土地利用、そして、放牧移動性を高いままに維持すること」こそ、土地を人間が利用しつつも環境保全を成功させる戦略であると考えられる。ケニア高原における大規模牧場の経営形態は、世界でも注目されるべき優れた放牧利用の事例と考えられる。 Vegetational condition and land utilization were surveyed in the large-scale ranch managed by European farmers and a small-scale pastoral area used by indigenous peoples in Laikipia...
Palavras-chave: 牧畜; 放牧圧; 植生退行; 大規模牧場; ケニア高原; Pastoralism; Grazing pressure; Vegetation regression; Large-scale ranch; Kenya highland.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/99

エチオピア中高地における定住化牧畜民の移動性と旱魃への対処戦略 : 北東部Afar 州と南部Oromia 州の事例
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 平田, 昌弘; 鬼木, 俊次; HIRATA, Masahiro; ONIKI, Shunji.
本稿は、異常気象や社会変化に対する牧畜民・半農半牧民の対応戦略を検討するための予備的調査として、1）牧畜民の定住化前・後の放牧形態を把握し、2）定住化の度合いが牧畜民や半農半牧民の旱魃への対処戦略にどのように影響しているかについて分析し、3）旱魃はどのような人々に最も影響を及ぼすかを特定することを目的とした。 調査は、エチオピア北東部のAfar州第2地区Abala郡と、南部のOromia州Borena地区Yabelo郡・Dire郡の2カ所の中高地域において、2012年2月14日〜3月1日にかけて合計9 つの村で観察とインタビューとをおこなった。 Afar牧畜民もBorena牧畜民も、定住する前は、家族全員が全家畜を伴って季節移動していた。乾期には小川など...
Palavras-chave: 旱魃; 牧畜; 定住化; 農耕開始; 公共施設建設; Drought; Pastoralism; Settlement; Start of cultivation; Construction of public facility.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3536

Environmental Change and the Vulnerability of Pastoralists to Drought: A Case Study of the Maasai in Amboseli, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Western, D.; Manzolillo Nightingale, D.L.
Chapter Three of the Africa Environment Outlook Report is concerned with the impact of environmental change on human vulnerability. The Report considers vulnerability in the context of exposure to environmental hazards (contingencies, shocks and stresses) and the coping capabilities of people. In this case study, we will show that the Maasai of Kajiado district in Kenya (as well as other pastoralists) face two distinct types of environmental hazards. The first includes climatic uncertainty and drought. The second hazard consists of the environmental changes driven by shifts in land use patterns. Whereas the Maasai have well developed and intricate strategies for coping with the first type of environmental hazard, the impact of the second set of hazards has...
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Droughts; Climate change; Pastoralism; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35367; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16144.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/436

Climatic variability and cooperation in rangeland management: a case study from Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Vanderlinden,   Jean-Paul.
In this paper, we develop an empirical model of an agro-pastoral system subject to high climatic risk to test the impact of rainfall variability on livestock densities, land allocation patterns and herd mobility observed at the community level. Also, because grazing land is a common-pool resource, we determine the impact of cooperation on these decision variables. To capture different abilities of communities to manage these externalities, we construct indices comprised of factors considered to affect the costliness of achieving successful cooperation found in the collective action literature. We then test hypotheses regarding the impact of rainfall variability and cooperation using data collected in a semi-arid region of Niger. Results indicate that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rangelands; Environmental risk; Natural resource management; Pastoralism; Collective action; Cooperation; Institutions; Livestock stocking densities; Mobility; Niger; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50058

Beyond group ranch subdivision: collective action for livestock mobility, ecological viability, and livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: BurnSilver,   Shauna; Mwangi,   Esther.
This paper leverages datasets and results from two separate studies carried out across eight Kajiado group ranches and offers a unique opportunity to look at emergent pre- and post-subdivision trends from an interdisciplinary framework that combines ecological, political, and human-ecological research perspectives. It provides insights into the following issues: the loss of flexibility and mobility for Maasai herders’ dues to subdivision, the nature of collective activities that individuals pursue after subdivision, and the emergence of pasture sharing arrangements. NDVI profiles show that forage options for individual herders decrease dramatically under privatization, but rebound somewhat when parcels are shared between households located adjacent to each...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kajiado; Mobility; Flexibility; Pastoralism; Collective Action; Subdivision; Group Ranches; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47825

The relationship between collective action and intensification of livestock production: the case of Northeastern Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy.
In this paper, we develop a simple game-theoretic model to explore the relationship between management of common pool resources used as an input in livestock production (common pastures) and the adoption of inputs associated with intensified per animal production (veterinary services, purchased fodder, feed concentrates, etc.). Theoretically, it is shown that better managed pastures should lead to increased adoption of complementary inputs but decrease adoption of substitute inputs; impacts on stock levels, however, are ambiguous. An empirical model is developed and applied to data collected in northeast Burkina Faso in 2000 and 2002. Results indicate that better managed pastures, proxied by community-level cooperative capacity indices, are indeed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Burkina Faso; Game theory; Common property; Livestock; Collective action; Pastoralism; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50063

Traps and Thresholds in Pastoralist Mobility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toth,   Russell.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asset poverty traps; Pastoralism; Semiparametric estimation; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; O12; Q12; O13; C50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61336

The Transformation of Property Rights in Kenya's Maasiland: Triggers and Motivations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwangi,   Esther.
This paper explores the puzzle of why the pastoral Maasai of Kajiado, Kenya, supported the individualization of their collectively held group ranches, an outcome that is inconsistent with theoretical expectation. Findings suggest that individuals and groups will seek to alter property rights in their anticipation of net gains from a new assignment, even as they seek to eliminate disadvantages that were present in the status quo property rights structure. Heightened perceptions of impending land scarcity, failures of collective decision making, the promise of new income opportunities and the possibility of accessing capital markets motivated individuals to support group ranch subdivision. More importantly individuals were confronted with a declining...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Privatization; Land tenure; Group ranches; Maasai; Pastoralism; Kajiado; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42492

Unmaking the Commons: Collective Action, Property Rights, and Resource Appropriation among (Agro-) Pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu; Korf,   Benedikt.
In Ethiopian development policies, pastoralist areas have recently attracted more attention. However, much debate and policy advice is still based on assumptions that see a sedentary lifestyle as the desirable development outcome for pastoralist communities. This paper investigates current practices of collective action and how these are affected by changing property rights in the pastoralist and agro– pastoralist economies of three selected sites in eastern Ethiopia. We describe forms of collective action in water and pasture resource management and analyze how changing property rights regimes affect incentives for collective action. We illustrate the distributional effects these practices are having on (agro–) pastoralist communities and how these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pastoralism; Collective action; Property rights; Conflict; Ethiopia; Water management; Rangelands management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44361

Empirical investigation of investment behaviour in Australia's pastoral region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agbola,   Frank W.; Harrison,   Stephen R.
Optimal intertemporal investment behaviour ofAustralian pastoralists is modelled using panel data for the period 1979–1993.Results indicate that quasi-fixity of inputs of labour, capital, sheep numbers and cattle numbers is characteristic of production in the pastoral region. It takes about two years for labour, four years for capital and a little over two years for both sheep numbers and cattle numbers to adjust towards long-run optimal levels. Results also indicate that, after accounting for adjustment costs, own-price product supply and input demand responses are inelastic in both the short and long run.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Adjustment costs; Pastoralism; Supply response; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118436

Subdividing the Commons: The Politics of Property Rights Transformation in Kenya’s Maasailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwangi,   Esther.
This paper discusses the internal processes and decisions that characterized the transition from collectively held group ranches to individualized property systems among the Maasai pastoralists of Kajiado district in Kenya. It addresses the question of why group ranch members would demand individualized property systems, but then turn against the outcome. In addressing this puzzle the paper discusses the process of land allocation and distribution during group ranch subdivision. It examines who the main actors were during subdivision, their degree of latitude in crafting and changing rules, and the interactions between Maasai and state institutions. Findings suggest that, because the process by which property rights change is so intertwined with politics,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commons; Policy process; Property rights; Kenya; Land tenure; Pastoralism; Group ranches.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42510

Institutional settings and livelihood strategies in the Blue Nile Basin: Implications for upstream/downstream linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haileslassie,   Amare; Hagos,   Fitsum; Mapedza,   Everisto; Sadoff,   Claudia W.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Gebreselassie,   Solomon; Peden,   Don.
Through rapid assessment of existing literature and review of policy and other official documents, the report synthesizes the existing knowledge and gaps on policies and institutions and identifies key research issues that need in-depth study. The report provides an overview of the range of key livelihoods and production systems in the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) and highlights their relative dependence on, and vulnerability to, water resources and water-related ecosystem services. It also makes an inventory of current water and land related policies and institutions in the BNB, their organizational arrangements, dynamics and linkages and key policy premises. It highlights the major problems in institutional arrangements and policy gaps and makes suggestions for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water policy; Institutions; Institutional development; Farming systems; Mixed farming; Cereals; Sorghum; Irrigated farming; Vegetables; Pastoralism; Poverty; Water supply; Sanitation; Labor; Ecosystems; Energy; Water power; Watershed management; Water harvesting; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; Water users associations; Irrigation programs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91871