Consulta: subjectFacets:"Pathogen"
Registros recuperados: 34
Data/hora: 06/06/2024 11:27:10

Wild Bird Movements and Avian Influenza Risk Mapping in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za; Hockey, Philip A. R.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; phil.hockey@uct.ac.za; Bruinzeel, Leo W.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; lbruinze@adu.uct.ac.za; Du Plessis, Morne A.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; mornedup@vodamail.co.za.
Global analyses of the potential for avian influenza transmission by wild birds have ignored key characteristics of the southern African avifauna. Although southern Africa hosts a variety of migratory, Holarctic-breeding wading birds and shorebirds, the documented prevalence of avian influenza in these species is low. The primary natural carriers of influenza viruses in the northern hemisphere are the anatids, i.e., ducks. In contrast to Palearctic-breeding species, most southern African anatids do not undertake predictable annual migrations and do not follow migratory flyways. Here we present a simple, spatially explicit risk analysis for avian influenza transmission by wild ducks in southern Africa. We developed a risk value for each of 16 southern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anatidae; Avian influenza; Botswana; Ducks; Influenza; Landscape ecology; Namibia; Pathogen; South Africa; Virus; Waterfowl; Zimbabwe.
Ano: 2008

Risk Mapping for Avian Influenza: a Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za.
Pathogen dynamics are inseparable from the broader environmental context in which pathogens occur. Although some pathogens of people are primarily limited to the human population, occurrences of zoonoses and vector-borne diseases are intimately linked to ecosystems. The emergence of these diseases is currently being driven by a variety of influences that include, among other things, changes in the human population, long-distance travel, high-intensity animal-production systems, and anthropogenic modification of ecosystems. Anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems have both direct and indirect (food-web mediated) effects. Therefore, understanding disease risk for zoonoses is a social&amp;#8211;ecological problem.   The articles in this special feature focus on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disease; Framework; Health; Influenza; Pathogen; Resilience; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system.
Ano: 2010

Phytochemical analysis and fungicide potential of Pouteria ramiflora against Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Provedor de dados: 75
Autores: Oliveira,Ademir Kleber M; Rizzi,Elvia Silvia; Pereira,Kelly Cristina L; Bono,José Antônio M; Matias,José Carlos Pina; Rosemary.
ABSTRACT The use of plant extracts can be an alternative to reduce the use of pesticides, to control diseases and pests that affect agricultural production. The aim of this study was the chemical characterization of the extract and fractions of Pouteria ramiflora leaves and to determine its fungistatic potential on Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The ethanolic extract of dried and crushed leaves was obtained by maceration. Part of this extract was sequentially partitioned and the following fractions were obtained: hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl, and hydromethanol for subsequent bioassay, and qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. Experimental development comprises of adding a L. theobromae mycelial disk (5 mm), obtained...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pathogen; Natural products; Organic farming; Flavonoids.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-05362017000400564

Микробиологические проблемы культивирования морских рыб на ранних стадиях развития (на примере камбалообразных) и пути их решения
Provedor de dados: 13
Autores: Ханайченко, А. Н.
Представлен обзор современных микробиологических исследований в области культивирования морских рыб на примере камбалообразных. Рассмотрена последовательность развития внутренней микрофлоры вы­ращиваемых рыб на ранних стадиях их развития. Проанализировано происхождение микрофлоры рыб как одной из составляющих микрофлоры искусственной среды выращивания. Рассмотрены позитивное и нега­тивное влияние антибиотиков на микрофлору рыб, альтернативные средства лечения и профилактики бакте­риальных заболеваний. Обсуждаются возможные воздействия используемых способов на состояние микро­флоры рыб и здоровье людей. Проанализировано состояние современных экологически безопасных путей решения описанных микробиологических проблем.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Марикультура; Рыбы; Микрофлора; Патоген; Профилактика; Mariculture; Fish; Microflora; Pathogen; Prophylaxis Prophylaxis Pathogens Pathogens http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5630.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://repository.ibss.org.ua/dspace/handle/99011/203

Competition for food reduces disease susceptibility in a marine invertebrate
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Pernet, Fabrice; Lugue, Klervi; Petton, Bruno.
Competition between organisms interfere in host and pathogen dynamics in ways that are difficult to predict. By one side, competitors can reduce the food supply and cause nutritional stress. Such stress could further modulate the susceptibility to infection by altering immune response or metabolic rate of the host. Alternatively, competitors may trap pathogens before they reach the focal host, and therefore reduce, enhance, or have no effect on infection according to the competitor's susceptibility to the infection. To better understand how competition influences host and pathogen interactions, we experimentally assessed the relative importance of competition for pathogens and resources on the severity of a viral disease infecting the Pacific oyster...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Competition; Crassostrea gigas; Disease ecology; Filtration; Ostreid herpesvirus 1; Pathogen.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00692/80375/83493.pdf

Real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of Vibrio aestuarianus in oyster and seawater: A useful tool for epidemiologic studies
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Saulnier, Denis; De Decker, Sophie; Haffner, Philippe.
Because Vibrio aestuarianus is known to cause serious infections in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a real-time PCR assay was developed targeting the dnaJ gene of this bacterium. Only V. aestuarianus strains isolated from C. gigas mortality events in different geographic areas and the reference strain tested positive, whereas no amplification products was obtained with type strains belonging to 23 other species of Vibrio. Sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were assessed using either seawater or oyster homogenate samples spiked with one V aestuarianus strain. All these samples were stored at -20 degrees C in order to mimic retrospective or grouped natural sample analysis without quantification bias due to prolonged freezing. Analysis of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: V. aestuarianus; Vibrio; Taqman; Real time PCR; Pathogen; Oyster; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6447.pdf

Characterization of Vibrio isolated from Crassostrea gigas spat suffering summer mortality outbreaks (slides)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gay, Melanie; Renault, Tristan; Le Roux, Frédérique.
The pathogens related to summer mortality outbreaks are a herpes virus and two bacterial strains one belonging to Vibrio splendidus biovar II and the other to Vibrio splendidus spp. However, the feature pathogen/opportunist of these strains is still unknown. Several strains belonging to the genus Vibrio have been identified as pathogen for different mollusk species. In the context of the French program Morest, experiments of cohabitation have been used to demonstrate the potential presence of a transmissible infectious agent in batches of oysters suffering from summer mortality outbreaks. More than one hundred Vibrio strains have been isolated from these experiments. These strains have been phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Their virulence...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Vibrio splendidus; Vibrio lentus; Crassostrea gigas; Summer; Spat; Pathogen; Disease transmission; Oyster culture; Mortality; Microbial contamination; Oysters.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/acte-3343.pdf

Sequence polymorphism-based identification and quantification of Vibrio nigripulchritudo at the species and subspecies level targeting an emerging pathogen for cultured shrimp in New Caledonia
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Goarant, Cyrille; Reynaud, Yann; Ansquer, Dominique; De Decker, Sophie; Merien, Fabrice.
In a previous study, we demonstrated the existence of an emerging cluster of Vibrio nigripulchritudo that proved to be associated with shrimp mortality events in New Caledonia. Using sequence polymorphisms evidenced in this previous MultiLocus Sequence Typing study, we developed two new quantitative PCR assays permitting the detection and quantification of V. nigripulchritudo at the genospecies level using SYBR Green I chemistry and at the emerging cluster level using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer technology with hybridization probes.   The use of this molecular diagnostic tool evidenced the colonization of the shrimp pond ecosystem by the pathogenic cluster at least at the onset of the disease. This new tool will allow better investigation of the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Shrimp; Cluster specific; Vibrio; Pathogen; Mariculture; Real time PCR.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2729.pdf

Shellfish contamination by norovirus : strain selection based on ligand expression?
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Guyader, Soizick; Atmar, Robert; Maalouf, Haifa; Le Pendu, Jacques.
Shellfish can be a vector for human pathogens. Despite regulation based on enteric bacteria, shellfish are still implicated in viral outbreaks. Oysters are the most common shellfish associated with outbreaks, and noroviruses, which cause acute gastroenteritis, are the most frequently identified pathogen in these outbreaks. Analysis of shellfish-related outbreak data worldwide shows an unexpected high proportion of NoV GI strains. Recent studies performed in vitro, in vivo and in the environment indicate that oysters are not just a passive filter, but can selectively accumulate norovirus strains based on virus carbohydrate ligands shared with humans. These observations may help explain the GI/GII bias observed in shellfish-related outbreaks compared to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Shellfish; Noroviruses; Oyster contamination; Pathogen.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00150/26093/24313.pdf

Heat shock protein 90 of Bonamia ostreae: characterization and possible correlation with infection of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Prado Alvarez, Maria; Chollet, Bruno; Couraleau, Yann; Morga, Benjamin; Arzul, Isabelle.
In this study we described the cytosolic HSP90 of Bonamia ostreae, an intracellular parasite of Ostrea edulis haemocytes. The complete open reading frame was assembled by Rapid Amplification cDNA Ends reactions on cDNA of B. ostreae infected haemocytes. HSP90 amplification was corroborated in infected oysters and B. ostreae purified cells. The functionality of the HSP90, studied by inhibitory assays with radicicol, suggests that this protein may play a role in haemocyte invasion. Our results inform the molecular basis that governs B. ostreae-O. edulis interactions.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bivalve haemocytes; Gene; Haplosporidia; Pathogen; Protist; Radicicol.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24799/22878.pdf

Norwalk virus-specific binding to oyster digestive tissues
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Guyader, Soizick; Loisy, Fabienne; Atmar, R; Hutson, A; Estes, M; Ruvoen-clouet, N; Pommepuy, Monique; Le Pendu, J.
The primary pathogens related to shellfishborne gastroenteritis outbreaks are noroviruses. These viruses show persistence in oysters, which suggests an active mechanism of virus concentration. We investigated whether Norwalk virus or viruslike particles bind specifically to oyster tissues after bioaccumulation or addition to tissue sections. Since noroviruses attach to carbohydrates of the histo-blood group family, tests using immunohistochemical analysis were performed to evaluate specific binding of virus or viruslike particles to oyster tissues through these ligands. Viral particles bind specifically to digestive ducts (midgut, main and secondary ducts, and tubules) by carbohydrate structures with a terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an alpha...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bioaccumulation; Shellfish; Escherichia coli; Pathogen; Oyster digestive tissue; Noroviruses.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1542.pdf

Ecophysiological study on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas naturally infected by a Chlamydia-like microorganism : effect of infection level and diet on oyster physiological responses
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Soletchnik, Patrick; Goulletquer, Philippe; Cochennec, Nathalie; Renault, Tristan; Geairon, Philippe.
A population of Pacific ovsters, Crassostrea gigas, infected with a Chlamydia-like procaryote was reared to compare infection trends under three different feeding conditions: a starved condition, an  intermediate condition with a diet of Skeletonema costatllm, and a mixed algal diet. Several physiological and pathological criteriJ: presence of gill abnormality; microscopic examination, basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions, Feulgen reaction; condition index, filtration, food consumptiQn; fecal production and respiration were used to compare the various modalities one month after the initiation of the experiment. The Irodality of starved oysters showed reduce physiological performances in terms of scope for growth and condition index compared to oysters...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pathogen; Chlamydia; Procaryote; Crassostrea gigas; Oyster; Ecophysiology; Pathogène; Chlamydia; Procaryote; Crassostrea gigas; Huître; Ecophysiologie.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-2741.pdf

Pacem in terris pathogenibus bonae voluntatis: molluscs-pathogens relationships prospects
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Berthe, Franck.
In 1999, the world aquaculture production of molluscs was estimated at 9.4 million tonnes which represents approximately a 23% contribution to the global aquaculture production. Aquaculture of molluscs has been growing at an average annual rate of 11% over the past decades, although some activities - such as aquaculture of pectens or abalones - were growing even more rapidly. In many countries, there is a significant mollusc aquaculture, traditionally based on wild stocks. However, these natural populations frequently do not fulfil market demand, because of low value of the product, over-fishing of the resource and/or mass mortality outbreaks caused by diseases. A frequent answer to this situation has been the introduction of new stocks or new species in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mortality; Mollucs; Pathogen.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/publication-2780.pdf

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio aestuarianus subsp francensis subsp nov., a pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea gigas
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Garnier, Matthieu; Labreuche, Yannick; Nicolas, Jean-louis.
Eleven Vibrio isolates invading the hemolymph of live and moribund oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected in the field and from a hatchery in France, were characterized by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and toxR genes indicated high homogeneity between these strains and the Vibrio aestuarianus type strain (ATCC35048(T)), and confirmed previous 16S rRNA analysis. In contrast, DNA:DNA hybridization was from 61% to 100%, while phenotypic characters and virulence tests showed a large diversity between the strains. Nevertheless, several common characters allowed the isolates to be distinguished from the reference strain. On the basis of several distinct phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed to establish two subspecies within...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Polyphasic approach; Summer mortalities; Crassostrea gigas; Pathogen; French isolates; Vibrio aestuarianus.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4961.pdf

Disturbance induced decoupling between host genetics and composition of the associated microbiome
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Wegner, Karl Mathias; Volkenborn, Nils; Peter, Hannes; Eiler, Alexander.
Background  Studies of oyster microbiomes have revealed that a limited number of microbes, including pathogens, can dominate microbial communities in host tissues such as gills and gut. Much of the bacterial diversity however remains underexplored and unexplained, although environmental conditions and host genetics have been implicated. We used 454 next generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of individually tagged PCR reactions to explore the diversity of bacterial communities in gill tissue of the invasive Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas stemming from genetically differentiated beds under ambient outdoor conditions and after a multifaceted disturbance treatment imposing stress on the host. Results  While the gill associated microbial communities in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Microbiota; Population structure; Stress; Pathogen; Biological invasion; Pacific oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Vibrio; Mycoplasma.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28202/26430.pdf

Updating the importance of lactic acid bacteria in fish farming: natural occurrence and probiotic treatments
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gatesoupe, Joel.
Many recent papers have deepened the state of knowledge about lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fish gut. In spite of high variability in fish microbiota, LAB are sometimes abundant in the intestine, notably in freshwater fish. Several strains of Streptococcus are pathogenic to fish. S. iniae and Lactococcus garvieae are major fish pathogens, against which commercial vaccines are available. Fortunately, most LAB are harmless, and some strains have been reported for beneficent effects on fish health. A major step forward of the recent years was those converging evidences that LAB can stimulate the immune system in fish. An open question is whether viability can affect immunostimulation. The issue is crucial to commercialise live probiotics rather than...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Probiotic; Pathogen; Lactic acid bacteria; Gastrointestinal microbiota; Fish.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2589.pdf

Glabralysins, Potential New β-Pore-Forming Toxin Family Members from the Schistosomiasis Vector Snail Biomphalaria glabrata
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lassalle, Damien; Tetreau, Guillaume; Pinaud, Silvain; Galinier, Richard; Crickmore, Neil; Gourbal, Benjamain; Duval, David.
Biomphalaria glabrata is a freshwater Planorbidae snail. In its environment, this mollusk faces numerous microorganisms or pathogens, and has developed sophisticated innate immune mechanisms to survive. The mechanisms of recognition are quite well understood in Biomphalaria glabrata, but immune effectors have been seldom described. In this study, we analyzed a new family of potential immune effectors and characterized five new genes that were named Glabralysins. The five Glabralysin genes showed different genomic structures and the high degree of amino acid identity between the Glabralysins, and the presence of the conserved ETX/MTX2 domain, support the hypothesis that they are pore-forming toxins. In addition, tertiary structure prediction confirms that...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pore-forming toxin; Cry toxin; Invertebrate; Biomphalaria glabrata; Host; Pathogen; Vector snail; Innate immunity.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00601/71267/69655.pdf

Comparison of Heamograms from resistant and susceptible European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, exposed to the parasite, Bonamia ostreae
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Cochennec, Nathalie; Renault, Tristan; Chollet, Bruno; Maffart, Patricia.
To study the cellular defence mechanisms involved in the resistance of the flat oysters against Bonamia ostreae, a comparaison of haemograms was performed between susceptible and resistant animals
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pathogen; Bonamia ostreae; Ostrea edulis.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1995/acte-2906.pdf

Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lassudrie Duchesne, Malwenn; Hegaret, Helene; Wikfors, Gary H; Mirella Da Silva, Patricia.
Bivalves were long thought to be “symptomless carriers” of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. In the past three decades, science has come to recognize that harmful algae and their toxins can be harmful to grazers, including bivalves. Indeed, studies have shown conclusively that some microalgal toxins function as active grazing deterrents. When responding to marine Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events, bivalves can reject toxic cells to minimize toxin and bioactive extracellular compound (BEC) exposure, or ingest and digest cells, incorporating nutritional components and toxins. Several studies have reported modulation of bivalve hemocyte variables in response to HAB exposure. Hemocytes are specialized cells involved in many functions in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bivalve; Harmful algal blooms (HABs); Pathogen; Hemocyte; Disease.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00612/72401/71346.pdf

Genetic improvement for disease resistance in oysters: a review
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Degremont, Lionel; Garcia, Celine; Allen, Standish K., Jr.
Oyster species suffer from numerous disease outbreaks, often causing high mortality. Because the environment cannot be controlled, genetic improvement for disease resistance to pathogens is an attractive option to reduce their impact on oyster production. We review the literature on selective breeding programs for disease resistance in oyster species, and the impact of triploidy on such resistance. Significant response to selection to improve disease resistance was observed in all studies after two to four generations of selection for Haplosporidium nelsoni and Roseovarius crassostrea in Crassostrea virginica, OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas, and Martelia sydneyi in Saccostrea glomerata. Clearly, resistance in these cases was heritable, but most of the studies...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Disease resistance; Oyster; Selection; Pathogen; Genetic; Mortality.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00269/38049/36139.pdf

Infection of clams by Perkinsus olseni as an example of the new French Surveillance Programme
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Miossec, Laurence; Garcia, Celine; Arzul, Isabelle; Francois, Cyrille; Joly, Jean-pierre; Chollet, Bruno; Robert, Maeva; De Blas, Isabelle.
The French network for the surveillance and monitoring of mollusc health (REPAMO) was officially set up in 1992 to control the shellfish status along the French coasts according to the European directives 91/67/EEC and 95/70/EC. The objectives are 1) the surveillance of notifiable diseases present in France (Bonamiosis and Marteiliosis of flat oysters Ostrea edulis), 2) the surveillance of health status of cultured and wild populations of molluscs, 3) the study of abnormal mortality and 4) the control of exchanges from European and third countries. In this context, a new surveillance programme, called Active Targeted Survey, part of the REPAMO, was applied in 2004 in order to improve the monitoring of the health status of the French mollusc populations...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Surveillance; Bivalvia; Clams; Perkinsus olseni; Pathogen; Pathology.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-6376.pdf

Juglanconis gen. nov. on Juglandaceae, and the new family Juglanconidaceae (Diaporthales)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Voglmayr, H.; Castlebury, L.A.; Jaklitsch, W.M.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS-LSU rDNA sequence data demonstrate that Melanconis species occurring on Juglandaceae are phylogenetically distinct from Melanconis s.str., and therefore the new genus Juglanconis is described. Morphologically, the genus Juglanconis differs from Melanconis by light to dark brown conidia with irregular verrucae on the inner surface of the conidial wall, while in Melanconis s.str. they are smooth. Juglanconis forms a separate clade not affiliated with a described family of Diaporthales, and the family Juglanconidaceae is introduced to accommodate it. Data of macro- and microscopic morphology and phylogenetic multilocus analyses of partial nuSSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, cal, his, ms204, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences revealed...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Ascomycota; Diaporthales; Molecular phylogeny; New species; Pathogen; Systematics.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/622492

Susceptible-Infective-Recovered Type Epidemiological Models in Wild Animal Management : A Literature Review
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: KAWATA, Yukichika; 河田, 幸視.
The Susceptible-Infective-Recovered (SIR) model has been used in many scientific areas to describe the diffusion of infectious diseases. Many researches have been conducted in wild animal management using SIR models. This paper reviews these existing researches to overview applied species, infectious diseases, types of SIR models, and others. SIR モデルは，感染症の伝播を表すモデルとして広く 用いられている。野生動物に対して，これまでに相当の 数の研究が蓄積されている。しかしながら，適用対象と なる野生動物や感染症，SIR モデルの種類について，著 者が知る限り既存研究の整理はされていない。そこで本 稿は，SIR モデルの野生動物への適用をレビューした。 野生動物管理に用いられ始めたのは1980年代初頭で，そ の後しばらくは狂犬病のみが研究対象であったが，1990 年代には細菌，2000年代にはプリオンにも適用されてい る。研究の過半は2000年代におこなわれており，近年の 数理的手法を用いた研究の必要性を反映した結果と思わ れる。しかしながら，研究の大半はヨーロッパやアメリ カに偏っており，研究の半分は狂犬病が占めている。今後は，わが国も含めた研究対象国の拡大や，適用する感 染症を広めてゆくことが必要と考えられる。
Palavras-chave: SIR model; Wild animal management; Infectious disease; Pathogen; SIR モデル; 野生動物管理; 感染症; 病原体.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/2719

Methodology for sporulation and production of monoconidial isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea
Provedor de dados: 190
Autores: Basilio, Paula Rachel Rabelo Corrêa; Auer, Celso Garcia; Santos, Álvaro Figueredo dos; Higa, Antonio Rioyei.
Sphaeropsis sapinea is one of main pathogens that causes losses in commercial plantations of Pinusspp. Studies for control based on genetic resistance can be done by inoculating different monosporic isolates onpine populations and selectioning the resistant individuals. This work describes a methodology for pycnidia production in vitro and S. sapinea monoconidial cultures, using an agar-water medium with sterile pine needles. Four S. sapinea isolates were tested e pycnidia and mature conidia were observed after 14 days of incubation, under continuous fluorescent light, in BOD, at 25 °C. Pycnidia were triturated in sterile water and conidia germinated after two hours of incubation in water-agar, in BOD, at 25 °C. Germinated conidia formed colonies which...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Inoculum; Pathogen; Pine. Inóculo; Patógeno; Pínus.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/139

Economic Evaluation of Action Plans for Pathogen Control in Almonds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salin,   Victoria; Jones,   Eluned; Williams,   Gary W.
The Almond Board of California proposed to require that all almonds shipped from California handlers be treated to achieve a 4-log reduction in the pathogen that leads to salmonellosis. The Assurance program is expected to add several million dollars to transactions costs in the almond marketing system. There is a wide range in these cost estimates, mainly because of the difficulty in predicting how many firms will be interested in applying for the program.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Almond; Pathogen; Pathogen Control; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90499

Composting sewage sludge with green waste from tree pruning
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Moretti,Sarah Mello Leite; Bertoncini,Edna Ivani; Abreu-Junior,Cassio Hamilton.
Sewage sludge (SS) has been widely used as organic fertilizer. However, its continuous use can cause imbalances in soil fertility as well as soil-water-plant system contamination. The study aimed to evaluate possible improvements in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of domestic SS, with low heavy metal contents and pathogens, through the composting process. Two composting piles were set up, based on an initial C/N ratio of 30:1, with successive layers of tree pruning waste and SS. The aeration of piles was performed by mechanical turnover when the temperature rose above 65 ºC. The piles were irrigated when the water content was less than 50 %. Composting was conducted for 120 days. Temperature, moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biosolid; Compost; Pathogen; Soil fertility.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162015000500432

Pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from estuarine environments (Ceará, Brazil) - antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential profiles
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: MENEZES,FRANCISCA G.R. DE; RODRIGUEZ,MARINA T.T.; CARVALHO,FÁTIMA C.T. DE; REBOUÇAS,ROSA H.; COSTA,RENATA A.; SOUSA,OSCARINA V. DE; HOFER,ERNESTO; VIEIRA,REGINE H.S.F.
ABSTRACT Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Vibrio spp.; Pathogen; Estuaries; Public health; Water.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000301175

Resistance of sweet potato clones to meloidogyne incognita races 1 and 3
Provedor de dados: 53
Autores: Gomes,Jorge Augusto Assis; Andrade Júnior,Valter Carvalho; Oliveira,Celso Mattes de; Azevedo,Alcinei Mistico; Maluf,Wilson Roberto; Gomes,Luiz Antonio Augusto.
The objective of this study was to evaluate sweet potato clones for resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita races 1 and 3. For each nematode physiological race, a greenhouse experiment was set up in a randomized block experimental design with three replications and six plants per plot. Fifty-eight sweet potato clones from the UFVJM germplasm bank were evaluated, plus five commercial cultivars (Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Branca, Palmas, Princesa and Coquinho), plus the cv. Santa Clara tomato (susceptible to Meloidogyne spp.). Stems were planted in 72-cell expanded polystyrene trays, filled with commercial substrate and inoculated with the pathogen thirty days after planting. Forty-five days after inoculation, the eggs were extracted,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ipomoea batatas; Root-knot nematode; Breeding; Pathogen; Reproduction factor; Reproduction index.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052015000300291

Morphological and molecular characterization of Curvularia lunata pathogenic to andropogon grass
Provedor de dados: 53
Autores: Santos,Patrícia Resplandes Rocha dos; Leão,Evelynne Urzêdo; Aguiar,Raimundo Wagner de Souza; Melo,Maruzanete Pereira de; Santos,Gil Rodrigues dos.
ABSTRACT The fungal genus Curvularia is associated with a number of diseases in plants, commonly producing foliar spots in forage grasses. The objective of this study was to characterize the morphological and molecular diversity of the isolates of Curvularia sp. associated with Andropogon seeds, and to assess both their capacity to transmit disease and the pathogenicity of this fungus to crop. Ten isolates of Curvularia sp. were sourced from Andropogon seeds from agricultural producing regions in the Brazilian states Tocantins and Pará. Morphological characterization was achieved by observing fungus colonies and conidia and molecular characterization by DNA extraction and amplification with sequence-specific primers. The disease transmission was evaluated...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Andropogon L.; Curvularia lunata; Diagnosis; Phylogeny; Pathogen.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052018000200326

Challenges in the development of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Shehzad,Adeeb; Rehman,Gauhar; Ul-Islam,Mazhar; Khattak,Waleed Ahmad; Lee,Young Sup.
Tuberculosis infection is a serious human health threat and the early 21st century has seen a remarkable increase in global tuberculosis activity. The pathogen responsible for tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which adopts diverse strategies in order to survive in a variety of host lesions. These survival mechanisms make the pathogen resistant to currently available drugs, a major contributing factor in the failure to control the spread of tuberculosis. Multiple drugs are available for clinical use and several potential compounds are being screened, synthesized, or evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Lasting and effective achievements in the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs will depend largely on the proper understanding of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Drug resistance; Tuberculosis; Pathogen.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000100012

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Risk factors for early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Cui,J.B.; Chen,Q.Q.; Liu,T.T.; Li,S.J.
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors related to ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. From January 2011 to December 2015, a single-center retrospective study including 200 SAH patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥48 h was performed. The clinical data of these patients were collected and analyzed. The age range of the patients were 41–63 and 72 (36%) were male. The Glasgow coma scale score range was 5–15 and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II range was 31–52. One hundred and forty-eight (74%) patients had a World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WNFS) score ≥III. Aneurysm was secured with an endovascular coiling procedure in 168 (84%) patients and 94 (47%) patients presented VAP....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ventilator-acquired pneumonia; Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; Risk factors; Multivariate analysis; Pathogen.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018000700605

Determining the minimum ripening time of artisanal Minas cheese, a traditional Brazilian cheese
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Martins,José M.; Galinari,Éder; Pimentel-Filho,Natan J.; Ribeiro Jr,José I.; Furtado,Mauro M.; Ferreira,Célia L.L.F.
Physical, physicochemical, and microbiological changes were monitored in 256 samples of artisanal Minas cheese from eight producers from Serro region (Minas Gerais, Brazil) for 64 days of ripening to determine the minimum ripening time for the cheese to reach the safe microbiological limits established by Brazilian legislation. The cheeses were produced between dry season (April–September) and rainy season (October–March); 128 cheeses were ripened at room temperature (25 ± 4 °C), and 128 were ripened under refrigeration (8 ± 1 °C), as a control. No Listeria monocytogenes was found, but one cheese under refrigeration had Salmonella at first 15 days of ripening. However, after 22 days, the pathogen was not detected. Seventeen days was the minimum ripening...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ripening; Artisanal Minas cheese; Serro; Pathogen; Lactic acid bacteria.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822015000100219

Infectivity of housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to different entomopathogenic fungi
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Farooq,Muzammil; Freed,Shoaib.
Abstract The housefly Musca domestica is a worldwide insect pest that acts as a vector for many pathogenic diseases in both people and animals. The present study was conducted to evaluate the virulence of different local isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea on M. domestica using two bioassay techniques: (1) adult immersion and (2) a bait method applied to both larvae and adults. The results showed evidence of a broad range of responses by both stages (larvae and adults) to the tested isolates of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea. These responses were concentration-dependent, with mortality percentages ranging from 53.00% to 96.00%. Because it resulted in lower LC50 values and a shorter lethal time, B....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Entomopathogenic fungi; Fecundity; Housefly; Infectivity; Pathogen; Vector.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000400807

Genotypic profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in refrigerated chickens in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Mendonça,Karla Sequeira; Michael,Geovana Brenner; Nalério,Élen Silveira; Mendonça,Marcelo; Cardoso,Marisa Ribeiro Itapema; Silva,Wladimir Padilha da.
ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes is of notable concern to the food industry, due to its ubiquitous nature and ability to grow in adverse conditions. This study aimed to determine the genotypic profile of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from refrigerated chickens marketed in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The strains of L. monocytogenes isolated were characterized by serotyping and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Three different serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4e) were evaluated by PFGE, and the macrorestriction patterns utilizing enzymes AscI and ApaI, revealed five different pulsotypes. The presence of such varied genotypic profiles demonstrates the prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination of chicken processing environments,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Contamination; Pathogen; Prevalence; Serotyping.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782016000100132