Consulta: subjectFacets:"Pricing"
Registros recuperados: 49
Data/hora: 13/06/2024 04:21:59

Elaboración de harina de pescado
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Silva Ortiz, S.
Almost one third of the worlds annual fish catch is used for processing into fish meal and oil. Peru and Chile are the main fish meal producing countries and they lead its commerce. Fish meal can be produced from any fish or shellfish, but fish offal from the consumption industry and the called 'Industrial fish' are mainly used. Nearly all the fish meal is produced by the wet pressing method that consists of cooking and pressing the raw material and subsequent drying and milling. There are several technologies specially designed to modify certain variables of the process in order to optimize its productivity and the quality of the final product. Fish meal quality depends on the type and freshness of the raw material, the applied thermal treatment and...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Fish meal; Fish wastes; Fish meal processing; Stickwater; Proteins; Industrial production; Fishery industry; Pricing; Food technology; Pricing; Food technology; Fish meal; Fish wastes; Proteins; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31882; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3030; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2925; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2933; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6259.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4068

Fishing and poverty levels around Lake Victoria (Kenya)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Abila, R.O.; Omwega, R.N.; Lwenya, C.
Fishing is known to be one of the oldest occupations of mankind and in Lake Victoria (Kenya); it has been largely practiced at artisanal levels. Despite this, poverty amongst the fisher folk remains high. Why the fisher folk remain in perpetual poverty was the key research question for this study. Sampling was conducted on 12 landing beaches between June and August 2004. Data was obtained using survey questionnaires; personal interviews were made using open-ended questions and beach observations. Results from this study indicates that 179 fishers sampled earned an average income of Ksh. 107,063 each in a year with modal income of Ksh. 57,600 while in a day they earned an average income of Ksh. 518 each with modal income of Ksh. 200. Fishers perceived that...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Fishing; Artisanal fishing; Lake fisheries; Socioeconomic aspects; Fishery economics; Public health; Malaria; Fishery management; Pricing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1495

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MARKET PRICE SIGNALS AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF FED BEEF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Outlaw,   Joe L.; Anderson,   David P.; Padberg,   Daniel I.
The beef industry in the United States consists of several distinct production levels ranging from the cow-calf producer at the lowest level to the final consumer.  These sectors face varying levels of profitability, degrees of market power, conflicting goals, and price signals.  Environmental regulations involve questions of what costs are involved, who is in a position to pay these costs, and whether market prices are capable of signaling different environmental practices. Understanding the relationships within the beef industry may allow researchers to fine-tune analyses of environmental issues in the beef industry.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef; BMP; Cattle; Pricing; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15528

Food security and sustainable agriculture in India: The water management challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   M. Dinesh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Food security; Water management; Water scarcity; Groundwater depletion; Waterlogging; Salinity; Soil degradation; Water use efficiency; Productivity; Equity; Irrigation water; Pricing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92666

Can German Wine Cooperatives Compete on Quality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schamel,   Guenter.
The German Agricultural Society (DLG) manages a multi-round annual quality control scheme where wines undergo a blind, sensory testing procedure using a 5-point scale to determine superior quality wines worthy of an annual award (Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Gold Extra). We develop a hedonic model for the 2005 award competition estimating implicit prices for different product attributes including sensory awards, quality categories, and wine style. We also control for regional origin, variety, color, and age. To discern the impact of ownership structure, we distinguish cooperatives and private wineries. Silver and Bronze awards show significant price effects relative to Gold. We also estimate highly significant price effects between quality categories (e.g....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Product Quality; Pricing; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Q13; L15; D4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51552

Testing the Theory: Vertical Strategic Interaction and Demand Functional Form
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Putsis,   William P., Jr.
Formulating theoretical models inevitably requires various simplifications that assist in making analysis tractable and that facilitate deriving closed form solutions. While the strategic insights gained from theoretical models of market phenomena are often quite valuable, testing the theoretical assumptions made in these models can aid in assessing the broader applicability of the conclusions drawn. This is particularly true in the channels area, where the focus of research to date has largely been theoretical in nature. In an initial attempt to examine some of the assumptions made in previous theoretical research (e.g., Jeuland and Shugan 1983, McGuire and Staelin 1983, Choi 1991, Raju, Sethuraman and Dhar 1995), we focus on a limited set of issues....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pricing; Channels; Private labels; Competitive strategy; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25211

Assessing Competition in the U.S. Beef Packing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Clement E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef; Cattle; Competition; Concentration; Market structure; Meatpacking; Pricing; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; L13; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94758

Does anybody give a dam? The importance of public awareness for urban water conservation during drought
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Steinhauser,   Ralf.
Demand management has been of interest in dry climates such as Australia, Spain and the Western United States for decades. It is particularly important to understand policy options during drought conditions, as drought periods have a disproportionate effect on supply infrastructure decisions. While water‐conservation campaigns aimed at inducing voluntary consumption reductions are almost universally employed by water managers in times of supply constraint, voluntary measures are generally dismissed in the economics literature as ineffective. We argue that the robust positive correlation between dam levels and consumption after controlling for policy changes suggests that there is a significant component of voluntary conservation. Furthermore, omitting dam...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water use; Demand management; Pricing; Behavioral aspects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107850

Wells and welfare in the Ganga Basin:  Public policy and private initiative in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar.
This report analyzes how public policies designed to promote groundwater development over the past 50 years have failed in their promise, and how initiative by private agents can generate the social welfare the region needs so direly. The report outlines a five-pronged strategy for attacking eastern India's rural poverty through fuller utilization of its groundwater resources.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Groundwater management; Groundwater development; Groundwater irrigation; Pumps; Tube wells; Public policy; Poverty; Social aspects; Flood water; Water market; Waterlogging; Electricity supplies; Energy; Pricing; Rural development; Villages; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44570

Groundwater markets and water use efficiency: The case of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deepak,   S.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
Research highlight based on a paper titled “Groundwater markets promoting efficiency in water use in agriculture in Karnataka.”
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water market; Groundwater extraction; Water use efficiency; Wells; Crop production; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Pricing; Models; Policy; India; Karnataka; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53070

Do consumers benefit from private label development?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sckokai,   Paolo; Soregaroli,   Claudio.
In the European food sector private labels represent a relevant and increasing share of total sales. Thus, national brands need to adapt their marketing strategies to deal with this growing competition. Focusing on price strategies, recent theoretical papers conclude that private label development should cause a decrease in the price of national brands, while some empirical studies do not support this prediction. The aim of this study is to explore this empirical relationship for the Italian food retail sector, which is of special research interest, since it has undergone a dramatic change in the last 10 years. Using retail sales data, we build time series of market shares of prices of national brands and private labels for different dairy products and we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Private label; Pricing; Retail sector; Dairy products.; Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10068

Direct Marketing of Specialty Crops by Producers: A Price-Comparison between Farmers' Markets and Grocery Stores
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watson,   Jonathan Adam; Gunderson,   Michael A.
Oftentimes, prices at farmers' markets are much cheaper than those at grocery stores.  However, little is known about the pricing relationship between farmers' markets and nearby grocery stores.  Only by further analyzing this relationship can we gain a better understanding of these pricing trends.  Although this trend is seemingly consistent, further research is necessary to test this assumption.  Through the collection of prices at both locales, farmers' markets and grocery stores, producers as well as consumers will have access to current prices in both markets.  In recent years, consumers are looking for local produce and are willing to pay for them as they are faced with increased grocery store prices, while producers are simultaneously seeking to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmers markets; Pricing; Grocery stores; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56512

MARKETING OF WHEAT ON A CONSTANT AND NIL MOISTURE BASIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
This study examined moisture specification practices in the United States and for major exporters and assessed impacts of changes to a nil or constant moisture basis on prices and revenue.  These were examined under scenarios where information on moisture in current prices is limited and under a scenario where current prices reflect Full Knowledge of moisture advantages.  Results indicate that changing to a nil moisture basis (which requires a subsequent adjustment in volumes to reflect the subtraction of moisture) would increase reported prices from 42 to 70 c/bu for the wheat classes, while changing to a 12 percent constant moisture basis would have limited impacts on reported prices.  Effects on relative prices/revenue depend on whether knowledge of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Moisture; Specifications; Pricing; Wheat; Constant moisture; Nil moisture; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23638

SEASONALITY OF CLASS I PRICE DIFFERENTIAL ESTIMATES FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Testuri,   Carlos E.; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
This study provides insight into the seasonality of Class I price differentials in the southeastern dairy industry.  This is accomplished by analyzing monthly estimates of Class I price differentials obtained from the imputed price solution or dual solution of a generalized capacitated minimum cost network flow model of the dairy industry.  A smooth seasonal pattern emerges through the monthly sequence with the lowest and highest estimated Class I price differentials occurring in April and September respectively.  Miami and Jacksonville areas reach $5.40 and $4.36 per hundredweight in April and $6.79 and $5.53 per hundredweight in September.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Southeast; Class I differentials; Network flow model; Pricing; Marketing; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15448

Pedaling out of poverty:  Social impact of a manual irrigation technology in South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Alam,   Mahmudul; Kumar,   M. Dinesh; Nagar,   Rashmi K.; Singh,   Mahendra.
An assessment of the social impact of treadle pump technology for manual irrigation in eastern India, the Nepal Terai, and Bangladesh, South Asia's so-called "poverty square." Treadle pump technology can be a powerful tool for poverty reduction in this region. It "self-selects" the poor, and puts to productive use the region's vast surplus family labor. It is claimed that the treadle pump could raise the annual net household income by US$100, on the average.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Treadle pump; Treadle pump technology; Technology transfer; Manual pumps; Water lifting; Low lift pumps; Aquifers; Poverty; Irrigated farming; Social impact; Income; Marketing; Pricing; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44571

PUBLIC BASIC RESEARCH AND DIFFUSION OF RESEARCH BENEFITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malla,   Stavroula; Gray,   Richard S.
The paper examine the economic impact of pricing and access to basic research IP. The analysis uses a Sallop circle model of a monopolistically competitive industry to examine the applied research output and firm entry. Under plausible conditions basic research IP spillovers will create rents for the applied research sector, which are dissipated through socially excess firm entry. Charging a price or restricting access to basic research IP could enhance social welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pricing; Intellectual property; Downstream effects; Basic research; Monopolistic competition; Rent dissipation; Toll goods; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9877

An Analysis of the Recent Evolution of Mali’s Maize Subsector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diallo,   Amadou Sekou.
In most developing countries, historically, the main strategy for improving the food sector has focused on increasing farm-level production. But in recent years, with the emphasis on value chain analysis, there has been much more focus on subsector studies, demand-driven approaches, and improving vertical coordination to assure product quality to final consumption markets. Millet, sorghum, and later rice were the traditional leading three cereal crops produced and consumed in Mali. Maize has trailed them for more than two decades, but from mid 1990s on, it has been produced and consumed in much larger quantities. Given the potentials of maize, developing and better organizing its subsector has the potential to not only increase revenues for maize farmers,...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Value chain; Mali; Cereals; Food security; Agricultural marketing; Livestock feed; Industrial organization; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; L11-Production; Pricing; And Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms; N57-Africa; Oceania; O17-Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements; O33-Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Q12-Micro Analysis of Farm Firms; Farm Households; And Farm Input Markets; Q13-Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness; Q18-Agricultural Policy; Food Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101316

PRICING WEATHER DERIVATIVES FOR AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Manfredo,   Mark R.; Sanders,   Dwight R.
Existing derivative pricing methods cannot be used to price weather derivatives due to the absence of a hedgeable commodity underlying weather risk and the complexity of weather processes.  This study develops a pricing model that considers weather derivatives to be the same as any other financial asset.  In this way, the price of a weather derivative is an equilibrium price consistent with both the potential payout at expiry and the market price of risk.  We apply this model to the pricing of weather derivatives in the Central Valley of California and find significant differences in prices obtained under alternative weather process assumptions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Derivative; Monte Carlo; Pricing; Risk weather; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18979

Tart Cherry Yield and Economic Response to Alternative Planting Densities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Me-Nsope,   Nathalie Mongue.
The study investigates the economic response of tart cherry yields to planting density using an unbalanced longitudinal yield data from tart cherry orchards in Northwest Michigan. The relationship between tart cherry yield and tree age is specified as a linear spline function and planting density interacts with tree age. A random effect method, treating block as random, is used to estimate the spline function. Stochastic simulation was used to estimate the mean and variance of the product of two random variables (price and yield), and the coefficient of variation was used as a measure of how much risk is involved in corn/soybeans production relative to tart cherries production. Estimates of the variance provided the discount factor (10%) and with yields...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Tart cherries; Pricing; Planting density; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; D4; D24; L11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54502

Water as an economic good: a solution, or a problem?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perry,   Christopher J.; Rock,   Michael; Seckler,   David.
Discusses the potential opportunities and pitfalls of introducing market forces into the process of water allocation. Proposes several preconditions for beneficial privatization of water allocation and argues for a more sophisticated form of analysis than that generally allowed by proponents of basic needs or of free market approaches.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Economic aspects; Economic analysis; Irrigated farming; Water rights; Pricing; Privatization; Marginal analysis; Water market; Water policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61113

On Pricing and Vertical Organization of Differentiated Products: The Case of Soybean Seed Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming; Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
This paper investigates the pricing and vertical organization of differentiated products under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, a Cournot model is used to examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products and vertical structures can affect the exercise of market power. This motivates a generalization of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (termed VHHI) capturing how market concentration and vertical structures interact to influence prices of differentiated products. The analysis is applied to pricing of soybean seeds in the US over the period 2000-2007. The analysis considers two vertical structures employed by biotech firms: vertical integration and licensing. The econometric analysis finds evidence that vertical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertical structures; Pricing; Imperfect competition; Seed; Biotechnology; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; L13; L4; L65.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49186

INTEGRATION AND BEHAVIOR IN THE U.S. WINTER MARKET FOR FRESH TOMATOES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Kenrick H.; VanSickle,   John J.
Alternative hypotheses of market integration in the U.S. winter market for fresh tomatoes were evaluated using a dynamic model of spatial price adjustment.  The results showed that while Florida and Mexico were integrated in the same market, a price change in one area was not instantaneously reflected in the other.  Lagged effects were important with long-run integration being supported for both Florida and Mexico and short-run integration for Mexico.  However, the information flow, while relatively efficient, was not symmetric.  Florida was found to be dominant in the price formation process with Mexico responding to changes in the Florida price.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Florida; Market integration; Mexico; Pricing; Tomatoes; Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15349

Irrigated agriculture, water pricing and water savings in the Lower Jordan River Basin (in Jordan)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Venot,   Jean-Philippe; Molle,   Francois; Hassan,   Yousef.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Irrigated farming; Water conservation; Groundwater; Water policy; Water rates; Water costs; Pricing; Cost recovery; Economic impact; Jordan; Lower Jordan River Basin; Jordan Valley; Amman-Zarqa Basin; Yarmouk Basin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91468

Water markets in the Fordwah/Eastern Sadiqia area: an answer to perceived deficiencies in canal water supplies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strosser,   Pierre; Kuper,   Marcel.
This paper presents the results of a study on water markets in the Fordwah/Eastern Sadiqia Area, Punjab, Pakistan. The study stresses and quantifies the importance of water markets in the area. A first attempt is made to evaluate the impact of water markets on the quality of irrigation services.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water market; Water supply; Groundwater; Surface irrigation; Conjunctive use; Tube well irrigation; Agricultural production; Water policy; Pricing; Water costs; Farmer participation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114047

Market Share and Price Setting Behavior For Private Labels and National Brands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Putsis,   William P., Jr.; Dhar,   Ravi.
In this paper, we develop a framework for estimating market share and price reaction equations in an attempt to understand the nature of competitive interaction in the market for private label and branded grocery products. Specifically, we employ a Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS, Deaton and Muellbauer 1980a), and specify the price reaction equations derived under the LA/AIDS demand specification. This enables us to consistently estimate shareprice relationships, accounting for demand-side and competitive reactions simultaneously. The incorporation of LA/AIDS demands into a structural equation framework represents an important departure from previous demand specifications in competitive analysis. In addition to its rigorous...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition; Competitive strategy; Private labels; Pricing; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25209

On the Theory and Practice of Water Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We study water regulation for a schematic water economy representing a wide range of real world situations. A water policy has inter- and intra-temporal components. The first determines the limits on extractions from the naturally replenished sources, given the stochastic nature of recharge processes associated with uncertain precipitation. The intra-temporal regulation is concerned mainly with the allocating of the extracted and produced water among the end-users. The prices that implement the optimal intra-temporal allocation are derived. Regulation issues associated with cost recovery and asymmetric information are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scarcity; Pricing; Optimal allocation; Water economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; D82; Q11; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47503

Preferential Cattle and Hog Pricing by Packers: Evidence from Mandatory Price Reports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Clement E.
Preferential pricing was one of several concerns leading to mandatory price reporting.  Seven years of “new” data from mandatory reports are examined to determine if evidence exists of preferential pricing by packers for fed cattle and slaughter hogs.  Weekly data show some alternative marketing methods track closer to cash market prices than others.  Some differences can be explained, while others are not as clear.  Evidence was found that cash prices lead prices for alternative marketing methods on rising markets but trail them on declining markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Alternative marketing arrangements; Cattle; Hogs; Marketing; Meatpacking procurement; Price discovery; Pricing; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37989

Assessing the Competitive Interaction Between Private Labels and National Brands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Putsis,   William P., Jr.; Dhar,   Ravi.
In contrast to single-equation cross-sectional studies of private label share, developing a complete understanding of the nature of the competitive interaction between national brands and private labels requires an understanding of the determinants of both demand and strategic pricing decisions by firms. Consequently, we estimate a simultaneous system of share and price for private labels and national brands. From the empirical results, two measures of market response are derived. The unilateral demand elasticity measures the pure “own” demand response, while the residual (or “total”) elasticity also captures the impact of competitive price reaction (Baker and Bresnahan 1985). When taken together, these provide important strategic insights into the pricing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition; Competitive strategy; Private labels; Pricing; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25177

Confirming the Price Effects of Private Labels Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontemps,   Christophe; Orozco,   Valerie; Requillart,   Vincent.
We study the price response of national brands to the development of private labels. We use monthly data from a consumer survey reporting their purchases for 218 food products. We show that when private labels have a significant effect on national brands prices (144 cases over 218), that is positive (89%). We also show that the increase in the prices of national brand products is explained by a strategy of product differentiation. Finally, price reaction of national brands differs with the type of private labels they are facing. This paper confirms, on a larger number of products, previous empirical results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Private labels; Pricing; Empirical models; Food products; L81; Q13; D40; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24735

Feedlot and Packer Pricing Behavior: Implications for Competition Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Clement E.
Seldom are observed losing bids available in industry data. A special workshop of the Fed Cattle Market Simulator was designed to capture bids for each pen of cattle traded. Data enabled identifying buyer and seller behavior in the price discovery process, both before and after imposed mergers of the two largest and two smallest packer teams. Highest losing bids also were estimated with packer bid functions and compared with observed highest losing bids. An estimated price discovery model indicated market structure as measured by number of buyers was more important than simply the number of bids or size of transactions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Buyer behavior; Competition; Fed cattle; Marketing; Pricing; Seller behavior; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7365

Insolvency probability in reinsurance treaty: a case study in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ismail,   Noriszura; Ahmad Anuar,   Ansar Asnawi.
In developing countries such as Malaysia, the availability of reinsurance arrangements provides several advantages to the primary insurers such as keeping their risk exposures at prudent levels by having their large risk exposures reinsured by another company, meeting client requests for larger insurance coverage by having their limited financial sources supported by another company, and acquiring underwriting skills, experience and ability of handling complex claims by depending on another company for such services. This paper aims to model insurance claims and assess the insolvency probability of reinsurance treaties. Claims data was obtained from one of the leading insurers in Malaysia and R programming with actuar package is used to compute the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Reinsurance; Pricing; Insolvency probability; Excess-of-loss.; Financial Economics; C10; C13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94581

Marketing and pricing dynamics in the presence of structural breaks - the Hungarian pork market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Ferto,   Imre.
The study of marketing margins and price transmission on various commodity markets has been a popular research topic of the past decades (see MEYER, VON CRAMONTAUBADEL, 2004, for a recent survey), however with a few exceptions these studies focused on developed economies. In this paper we examine the above phenomena on the: Hungarian pork market. The Johansen (maximum likelihood) or Engle and Granger (two step) cointegration tests do not reject the no-cointegration null hypothesis between the Hungarian pork producer and retail price series. Therefore we apply the Gregory and Hansen procedure with recursively estimated breakpoints and ADF statistics, and found that the prices are cointegrated with a structural break occurring in April 1996. Exogeneity tests...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Marketing margin; Pricing; Structural breaks; Hungarian pork market; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10031

STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND MARKET PERFORMANCE IN AGRICULTURE: CRITICAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS ABOUT CONCENTRATION IN THE PORK INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Boehlje,   Michael; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Doering,   Otto C., III; Tyner,   Wallace E.
We have witnessed profound changes in the pork sector over the last several years. These involve integration and concentration that raise issues of competitiveness in both input and product markets as well as issues of who bears risk and who reaps rewards. We see clear evidence of increased concentration, by several measures, to the point where public vigilance is warranted. Two major policy options are anti-trust action and increasing the market power of hog producers through institutional arrangements new to the hog industry. Better information in specific areas of concern is needed before informed public policy can be made with respect to either policy option, and the option of increasing producer market power will require active public support.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pork industry; Public policy; Pricing; Concentration; Market power; Vertical integration.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28654

Farmer Cooperative Theory: Recent Developments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.
Since 1980, agricultural economists have begun to reexamine fundamental issues in the theory of agricultural cooperation. These include the basic nature of farmer cooperation; the theoretical benefits and limits of cooperative enterprise; and the implications of these for cooperative members, managers, and public policy. Analysts have extended previous models of the cooperative as a type of business firm in order to analyze the impact of large cooperatives on market performance. They have also developed new models to analyze how cooperatives attempt to serve the divergent interests of different participants, such as managers and different classes of farmers. This report describes and evaluates recent theoretical developments, outlines remaining areas of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cooperative theory; Public policy; Market coordination; Economic performance; Finance; Pricing; Member control; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52017

The Effects of Vertical Organization on the Pricing of Differentiated Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming; Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
We investigate differentiated product pricing and the effects of vertical organization under imperfect competition. We rely on vertical measures of concentration (termed VHHI) to study how the exercise of market power varies with substitution/complementarity relationships among products and vertical structures. This approach is applied to U.S. soybean seed pricing under vertical integration versus licensing. We find evidence that vertical organization affects seed prices, with an impact ranging from 1.87% to 13.6% of the mean price. These effects vary by institutional setup.We also find that complementarity can mitigate price enhancements associated with market concentration.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Imperfect competition; Pricing; Seed; Soybean; Vertical structures; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119157

Competition Effects of Supermarket Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonanno,   Alessandro; Lopez,   Rigoberto A.
This paper investigates the effect of in-store services on retail food prices, supermarket competition, and demand using fluid milk as a case study. It is shown that higher-service supermarkets charge higher milk prices essentially because of an increase in market power due to differentiation of service offering. Results show that different types of services impact milk prices differently, that upscale food-retailers face stronger competition in newer services, and that service competition results in a trade-off for the consumer between the attractiveness of the enhanced retail configuration and the increase in prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Retailing; Pricing; Milk; Supermarkets; Agribusiness; L81; D40; L66.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9833

Structure of Dairy Markets: Past, Present, Future
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manchester,   Alden C.; Blayney,   Donald P.
The U.S. dairy industry, many segments of which supported dairy policy changes in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act, is much different than it was 20 or even 10 years ago. This report provides a historical overview of the industry, more detailed examinations of the fluid milk market and selected manufactured dairy product markets, a discussion of future prospects and trends in the industry, and some thoughts on the implications of those prospects and trends for dairy farmers and their organizations, processors, dairy product manufacturers, and retailers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Butter; Cheese; Nonfat dry milk; Market structure; Pricing; Competition; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33929

The Determinants of the Global Digital Divide: A Cross-Country Analysis of Computer and Internet Penetration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chinn,   Menzie D.; Fairlie,   Robert W.
To identify the determinants of cross-country disparities in personal computer and Internet penetration, we examine a panel of 161 countries over the 1999-2001 period. Our candidate variables include economic variables (income per capita, years of schooling, illiteracy, trade openness), demographic variables (youth and aged dependency ratios, urbanization rate), infrastructure indicators (telephone density, electricity consumption), telecommunications pricing measures, and regulatory quality. With the exception of trade openness and the telecom pricing measures, these variables enter in as statistically significant in most specifications for computer use. A similar pattern holds true for Internet use, except that telephone density and aged dependency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computers; Internet; Digital divide; Infrastructure; Pricing; Regulation; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; O30; L96.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28408

Do Sales Matter? An Exploration of Price Discounting in UK Food Retailing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lloyd,   Tim A.; Morgan,   C. Wyn; McCorriston,   Steve; Zgovu,   Evious.
This paper assesses the impact of promotional activity in the prices of food products on supermarket shelves. The study analyses a unique, high frequency panel of supermarket prices consisting of over 230,000 weekly price observations on around 500 products in 15 categories of food stocked by the UK’s seven largest retail chains. In all, 1,700 weekly time series are available at the barcode-specific level including branded and own label products. Prices are inclusive of promotions and thus allow the frequency, magnitude and duration of sales to be analysed in greater detail than has hitherto been possible with UK data. Using this price data, sales periods are indentified. Results show that around 8% of products are on sale at any one time, and that sales...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food retailing; Pricing; Sales; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Marketing; L16; L66; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51572

On the Competitive Interaction Between Private Label and Branded Grocery Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Dhar,   Ravi; Putsis,   William P., Jr.
Recent research in marketing has focused on cross-category variation in the market share of private label products, while recent work in the economics and industrial organization literature has focused on the determinants of firm price setting behavior.  In this paper, the authors develop a framework for estimating market share and price reaction equations simultaneously in an attempt to understand the nature of competitive interaction in the market for private label and branded grocery products.  Empirical findings support the author's premise that consumer response to price and promotion decisions (demand) and the factors influencing firm pricing behavior (supply) jointly determine observed market prices and market shares.  More specifically, the authors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Private labels; Pricing; Competitive strategy; Promotion; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25191

China’s water pricing reforms for irrigation: effectiveness and impact
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liao,   Yongsong; Gao,   Zhanyi; Bao,   Ziyun; Huang,   Qingwen; Feng,   Guangzhi; Xu,   Di; Cai,   Jiabin; Han,   Huijing; Wu,   Weifeng.
Irrigation occupies a central position in China’s crop production. However, due to low per capita water resources, much worse, unevenly distributed over regions and time and the rapid increase of water diversions to non-irrigation sectors, irrigation water shortages have become a very serious problem. Without the adoption of effective measures this problem may even threaten China’s food security. Currently, irrigation efficiency is very low in general, irrigation water prices cannot fully recover water supply costs, and irrigation facilities are aging due to the lack of funding for O&amp;M (operation &amp; maintenance). Since water prices are regulated by the government, and not determined by the market, water prices did not work effectively in water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water rates; Pricing; Price policy; Cost recovery; Farmers attitudes; Water rights; Water market; Water supply; User charges; Irrigation water; Water allocation; Irrigation management; Participatory management; Water conservation; Institutions; Organizations; Water users associations; Cereals; Yields; Models; Labor; Cost benefit analysis; Irrigation requirements; Investment; Groundwater management; Wells; Irrigation canals; Food security; Legal aspects; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91872

On the Theory and Practice of Water Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We study water regulation for a schematic water economy representing a wide range of real world situations. A water policy has inter- and intra-temporal components. The first determines the limits on extractions from the naturally replenished sources, given the stochastic nature of recharge processes associated with uncertain precipitation. The intra-temporal regulation is concerned mainly with the allocating of the extracted and produced water among the end-users. The prices that implement the optimal intra-temporal allocation are derived. Regulation issues associated with cost recovery and asymmetric information are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scarcity; Pricing; Optimal allocation; Water economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; D82; Q11; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47173

Charging for irrigation water:  The issues and options, with a case study from Iran
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perry,   Christopher J.
Inadequate funding for maintenance of irrigation works and emerging shortages of water are prevalent. The use of water charges to generate resources for maintenance and to reduce demand is widely advocated. Examples from other utilities, and from the domestic/industrial sectors of water supply suggest the approach could be effective. In developing countries, the facilities required for measured and controlled delivery of irrigation are rarely in place, and would require a massive investment in physical, legal and administrative infrastructure. To be effective in curtailing demand, the marginal price of water must be significant. The price levels required to cover operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs are too low to have a substantial impact on demand,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Productivity; Water allocation; Water use efficiency; Operations; Maintenance; Cost recovery; User charges; Water rates; Pricing; River basins; Water shortage; Economic aspects; Salinity; Case studies; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44567

Fiddling while carbon burns: why climate policy needs pervasive emission pricing as well as technology promotion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.; Jotzo,   Frank; Quiggin,   John C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asia–Pacific Partnership; Climate policy; Pricing; Technology; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117740

Product Differentiation on the Polish Pig Meat Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pieniadz,   Agata; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
This study deals with horizontal product differentiation in the Polish pig meat market. Hypothesis among firms behaviour are derived from an illustrative model and tested in an empirical analysis using data from 1991-1998. The empirical analysis suggest that product differentiation is a relevant phenomenon in the polish pig meat markets. In addition we found that costs and competitions are important factors influencing price variation. However, further influences like price discrimination and vertical product differentiation are also important determinants for product price variations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pricing; Market structure; Product quality; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24959

A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekala,   Gayathri Devi; Davidson,   Brian; Samad,   Madar; Boland,   Anne-Maree.
Use of un-treated/partially treated wastewater for irrigation in the dry countries of Asia and Africa and recycling of treated wastewater in the water scarce developed countries has become a common practice due to various reasons. While the lack of wastewater treatment to appropriate levels before use is a major problem in developing countries, the high cost of wastewater recycling is the major problem in developed countries. The current paper is part of a doctoral research and presents the conceptual framework for the research and the methodology that can be used to tackle the problems associated with wastewater recycling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water reuse; Wastewater; Recycling; Pricing; Water allocation; Cost benefit analysis; Wastewater irrigation; Developing countries; Developed countries; Case studies; India; Australia; Hyderabad; Melbourne; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46387

Securitizing peanut production risk with catastrophe (CAT) bonds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epperson,   James E.
A catastrophe (CAT) bond is designed for peanut production as a means of transferring natural disaster risks from insurance purveyors to the global capital market. The CAT bond so designed is priced using state-level historical yields for peanut production in the southern part of the United States in the State of Georgia. The index triggering the CAT bond contract was based on percent deviation from state average yield. The principal finding of the study is that it appears feasible for crop insurance purveyors to issue insurance-linked securities. CAT bonds can reduce the variance of the loss ratio when issued optimally with regard to the number of bonds and contract specifications. CAT bonds could therefore be used in hedging catastrophic risk effectively...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Insurance; Reinsurance; Pricing; Hedging; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44512

Managing water for the poor; Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Pro-Poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigation Agriculture in Asia - Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, Colombo, 9-10 August 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Surface irrigation; Large-scale systems; Poverty; Irrigation programs; Rural development; Participatory management; Conflict; Water users' associations; Farmer-agency interactions; Financing; Policy; Water rates; Pricing; Water scarcity; Rice; Irrigation scheduling; Water delivery; Case studies; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118412

Economics of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling: An Investigation of Conceptual Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devi,   Mekala Gayathri; Davidson,   Brian; Boland,   Anne-Maree.
In the context of continuous droughts, the search for alternative water sources and increasing environmental restrictions on discharge of treated wastewater into natural water bodies, treated wastewater recycling offers a potential solution. In this paper the methods needed to assess the questions - to what extent treated wastewater can complement the existing water sources in different sectors and at what cost - are discussed? It was concluded that a comparative Benefit Cost Analysis of different combinations of uses and treatment levels would be a critical component in the development of a decision support tool which could be used by urban planners and water authorities. It was also found that community acceptance of recycled water, distribution of costs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wastewater; Recycling; Water quality; Pricing; Allocation; Urban design; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9461