Consulta: subjectFacets:"Q01"
Registros recuperados: 78
Data/hora: 02/06/2024 07:46:02

Air Pollution Control Policy Options for Metro Manila
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Fischer,   Carolyn; Rolfe,   Kevin; Logarta,   Jose; Rufo,   Bing.
The Asian Development Bank has sponsored research on market-based instruments for managing pollution in Metro Manila, Philippines, where air quality is seriously degraded. This report offers three policy options for reducing particulate emissions and their precursors. For stationary sources, we recommend an emissions fee that creates efficient financial incentives to reduce emissions while raising revenues for monitoring and enforcement activities. For mobile sources, we propose a pilot diesel retrofit program using a low-cost technology that is effective at existing 2,000 ppm sulfur content. Second, we recommend a charge on the sulfur content of diesel fuel to encourage meeting and surpassing the 500 ppm standard to allow for more advanced particulate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions tax; Philippines; Particulates; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q01.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10612

Protected areas, tourism and development of the countryside
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zurc,   Jana.
Paper replaced 11/2/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Protected areas; Development; Tourism; Slovenia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95306

Economics of Natural Resource Scarcity: The State of the Debate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krautkraemer,   Jeffrey A.
Whether economic growth can be sustained in a finite natural world is one of the earliest and most enduring questions in economic literature. Even with unprecedented growth in human population and resource consumption, humans have been quite adept at finding solutions to the problem of scarce natural resources, particularly in response to signals of increased scarcity. Because environmental resources generally are not generally traded on markets, however, scarcity signals for these resources may be inadequate, and appropriate policy responses are difficult to implement and manage. In the debate over the economic scarcity of natural resources, one significant change in recent years has been a greater focus on the ecosystem services and the resource...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resource scarcity; Environmental amenities; Resource substitution; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q01; Q10; Q20; Q30; Q40; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10562

Responsibility and Sustainability in a Food Chain: A Priority Matrix Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caracciolo,   Francesco; Gorgitano,   Maria Teresa; Lombardi,   Pasquale; Sanino,   Giuliana; Verneau,   Fabio.
This paper shows the results of empirical research conducted to assess the sustainability of a typical food supply chain, suggesting feasible solutions to satisfy inter-dimensional requisites of durable development. The analysis was conducted with reference to the supply chain of the San Marzano tomato (SMZ), a typical local food. The product is endowed with an origin certification label (PDO), meeting demand within high-value market niches. The SMZ is a flagship product in the Italian region of Campania and has benefited from several regionally funded interventions, such as genetic research and support for the application for EU certification of origin). Two key findings emerged from the research. First, the results allowed us to define a Stakeholder...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: PDO product; Sustainability assessment; Food chain management.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q01; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121950

Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of   A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731

Sustainable Agriculture: An Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Provides some background on concerns about the sustainability of agriculture, outlines and discusses views about what constitutes sustainable agriculture and contrasts the sustainability of modern industrialised agriculture with that of traditional agriculture. Then the question is considered (taking into account the available evidence) whether organic agriculture is more sustainable than non-organic agriculture. Barriers to switching from non-organic to organic agriculture are mentioned. The development of agriculture usually has a serious negative impact on wild biodiversity. Whether or not more intensive agriculture would reduce the negative ecological footprint is unclear but many scientists believe it will do this. Globally, there has been a rapid...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Genetically modified crops; Industrialised modern agriculture; Organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q16; Q57.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/140549

Conservation Value
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper outlines the significance of the concept of conservation value and discusses ways in which it is determined paying attention to views stemming from utilitarian ethics and from deontological ethics. The importance of user costs in relation to economic decisions about the conservation and use of natural resources is emphasised. Particular attention is given to competing views about the importance of conserving natural resources in order to achieve economic sustainability. This then lends to a discussion of the value of conserving natural resources in order to meet the moral obligations of present generations to future generations. Anthropogenic views of the value of conserving natural resources (for example, derived from utilitarian ethics) are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic values; Conservation value; Deontological ethics; Ecocentric values; Economic sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Natural resources; Neo-Malthusianism; Precautionary motive; Sustainability; Sustainable development; User costs; Utilitarian ethics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q20; Q30; Q50; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90879

The Certainty of Confronting Uncertainty in the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Effort
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hershner,   Carlton.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Restoration; TMDL; Chesapeake Bay; Adaptive Management; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q00; Q01; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117401

The question of “evidence” in the emergence of evidence-based or evidence-aware policies in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laurent,   Catherine E.; Trouve,   Aurelie.
Evidence-based or evidence-aware policy approaches are used in many different sectors (health, education, etc.). These approaches are less common in agriculture but are gradually emerging. Analysis of debates surrounding this trend sheds light on the particular nature of the difficulties faced by public decision-makers who are willing to use available scientific knowledge. After examining certain misunderstandings which arise in the international debate over evidence-based policy approaches, this paper addresses two specific issues: (i) the problems of competing evidence for using knowledge in the design of public policies and (ii) the potential role of rationalization tools in a possible "depoliticisation" of public decision-making.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Knowledge; Agriculture; Policy; Evidence; Agricultural and Food Policy; B29; D8; Q01; O3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99833

Can Genetically Engineered and Organic Crops Coexist?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greene,   Catherine R.; Smith,   Katherine R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Q01; Q13; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94772

Gender Needs Awareness and Gender Asymmetry: An Analysis of a Rural Women Survey in Mountainous Areas of South-eastern Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calatrava-Requena,   Javier; Samir,   Sayadi.
Achieving gender symmetry in rural areas is an important target for the European Union. There is no shortage of talent, ideas and energy amongst women in rural areas, nor are there legal constraints. However, a range of cultural obstacles still stand in the way of their full participation in rural development (the persistence of traditional views about women's and men's roles in society, etc.) particularly in the Mediterranean areas. The integration of equal opportunities will no longer be a choice, but it will be an obligation in the design and implementation of rural development programmes and projects. Some European initiatives (NOW, EQUAL, LEADER, etc.) have already been taken to improve rural women's opportunities to participate more actively in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender needs; Rural development; Gender asymmetry; Southeastern Spain; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; O18; Q01; R13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24646

Safe vs. Fair: A Formidable Trade-off in Tackling Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; Chakravarty,   Shoibal; Socolow,   Robert.
Global warming requires a response characterized by forward-looking management of atmospheric carbon and respect for ethical principles. Both safety and fairness must be pursued, and there are severe trade-offs as these are intertwined by the limited headroom for additional atmospheric CO2 emissions. This paper provides a simple numerical mapping at the aggregated level of developed vs. developing countries in which safety and fairness are formulated in terms of cumulative emissions and cumulative per capita emissions respectively. It becomes evident that safety and fairness cannot be achieved simultaneously for strict definitions of both. The paper further posits potential global trading in future cumulative emissions budgets in a world where financial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Burden Sharing; Negative Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115818

REFORMING PILLAR 2 –TOWARDS SIGNIFICANT AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Dax,   Thomas; Hocevar,   Vida; Hovorka,   Gerhard; Juvancic,   Luka; Kroger,   Melanie; Thomson,   Kenneth J.
With the ongoing “Health Check” and the decisions needed for after 2013, the Common Agricultural Policy is likely to see another major reform and an increase in compulsory modulation. By employing a regional model, this paper compares the long-term impact of spending along the Pillar 2 Axes in NUTS3 areas on selected indicators of sustainability in several peripheral areas across Europe. The four case study areas are: Pinzgau-Pongau (a tourism-dominated alpine area in Austria), the Wetterau (an urbanised industrial area in Germany), Gorenjska (a tourism and manufacturing dominated area in Slovenia) and Caithness-Sutherland (a remote area in Scotland). The results suggest although devolution in European rural development policy has taken over the last 10...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Pillar 2; Rural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; R15; Q18; Q01.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44793

Evaluacion comparativa multifuncional de sistemas agrarios mediante AHP: aplicacion al olivar ecologico, integrado y convencional en Andalucía
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Carlos Parra; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier; Gimenez,   Tomas De Haro.
Aunque el concepto de multifuncionalidad está plasmado, implícita o explícitamente, en el diseño de las políticas agrarias actuales, su consideración a la hora de analizar y evaluar sistemas agrarios es aún relativamente escasa en la literatura. Para tal fin se propone utilizar el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP), técnica de decisión multicriterio discreta que se utiliza para la toma de decisiones complejas. La metodología AHP es expuesta junto con un procedimiento propuesto para medir el acuerdo relativo entre decisores y la uniformidad de las alternativas en la toma de decisiones en grupo. Finalmente, AHP es aplicado a la evaluación del olivar ecológico, integrado y convencional de Andalucía considerando criterios de...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Analytic Hierarchy Process; AHP; Multicriteria decision making; Group decision making; Relative agreement indices; Relative uniformity indices; Olive grove; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q01; C65; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28771

Increasing Profitability of Small Scale Orchard Producers through Optimizing Replacement Rate: The Case Study of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mahrizal; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes.
This study sets out to empirically estimate the optimum annual replacement rate and age of cocoa trees in order to maximize the net present value of four common cocoa production systems. The study examines the costs and returns of four common cocoa production systems in Ghana associated with changes in cocoa prices, fertilizer prices, inflation rates, and labor prices. While this study focuses on cocoa, the methodology is applicable to any perennial crop. This study uses empirical yield curves and cost of production data from Ghana to determine when and what percentage of a cocoa orchard should be replaced annually to maximize net present value of revenues over time. Successive versions of the model are solved to determine how input and output price...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cocoa; Replacement Rate; Net Present Value (NPV); Production Economics; Q01; Q15; Q32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119777

Sustainability and Optimality in Economic Development: Theoretical Insights and Policy Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farzin,   Y. Hossein.
This paper takes sustainability to be a matter of intergenerational welfare equality and examines whether an optimal development path can also be sustainable. It argues that the general “zero-net-aggregate-investment” condition for an optimal development path to be sustainable in the sense of the maximin criterion of intergenerational justice is too demanding to be practical, especially in the context of developing countries. The maximin criterion of sustainability may be more appealing to the rich advanced industrial countries, but is too costly and ethically unreasonable for developing nations as it would act as an intergenerational “poverty equalizer”. The paper suggests that a compromise development policy that follows the optimal growth approach but...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Optimality; Discounting; Development policy; International Development; Q01; Q56; O21; O13; D62; D63.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7447

Cellulosic Biofuels: Are They Economically Viable and Environmentally Sustainable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khanna,   Madhu.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Miscanthus; Corn Stover; Switchgrass; Cost of Production; Greenhouse Gas Intensity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q01; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94665

Does Scarcity Exacerbate the Tragedy of the Commons? Evidence from Fishers’ Experimental Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar.
Economic Experimental Games (EEGs), focused to analyze dilemmas associated with the use of common pool resources, have shown that individuals make extraction decisions that deviate from the suboptimal Nash equilibrium. However, few studies have analyzed whether these deviations towards the social optimum are affected as the stock of resource changes. Performing EEG with local fishermen, we test the hypothesis that the behavior of participants differs under a situation of abundance versus one of scarcity. Our findings show that under a situation of scarcity, players over-extract a given resource, and thus make decisions above the Nash equilibrium; in doing so, they obtain less profit, mine the others-regarding interest, and exacerbate the tragedy of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tragedy of the commons intensified; Economic experimental games; Resource abundance; Resource scarcity; Dynamic effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; D01; D02; D03; O13; O54; Q01; Q22; C93; C72; C73; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91170

A comparison of the economic and environmental performances of conventional and organic farming: evidence from financial statements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argiles,   Josep M.; Brown,   Nestor Duch.
While conventional farming systems face serious problems of sustainability, organic agriculture is seen as a more environmentally friendly system since it favours renewable resources, recycles nutrients, uses the environment’s own systems for controlling pests and diseases, sustains ecosystems, protects soils, and reduces pollution. At the same time organic farming promotes animal welfare, the use of natural foodstuffs, product diversity and the avoidance of waste, among other practices. However, the future of organic agriculture will depend on its economic viability and on the determination shown by governments to protect these practices. This paper performs panel regressions with a sample of Catalan farms (Spain) to test the influence of organic farming...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conventional farming; Social/environmental/financial performance; Social and environmental accounting; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q01; Q12; Q51; M41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118577

Modelling the CAP Reform at the Regional Level with ProLand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinmann,   Bernd; Sheridan,   Patrick; Schroers,   Jan Ole; Kuhlmann,   Friedrich.
The reform of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will fundamentally affect the decision behaviour of land users. So far transfer payments were coupled to specific forms of land use. The reform encourages land users to make decisions concerning production based solely on market aspects. The effects of the CAP reform on the Lahn Dill region in Germany are simulated with the spatially explicit land use model ProLand. The results show that land use decisions will be based stronger on site specific natural conditions than was the case in the Agenda 2000 scenario. The transfer payment volume directed into the region increases considerably.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modelling; Decision support; Land use; Spatially explicit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q01.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24508

Risky Activities and Strict Liability Rules: Delegating Safety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
This paper studies the delegation of activities that pose serious risks to health and the environment in an economy regulated by strict liability schemes. Strict liability induces judgment-proof possibilities. Two civil liability regimes are then compared: a strict liability scheme and a capped strict liability one. The argument is led under a twofold asymmetric information assumption between the principal and the agent: the efficiency level in effort for safety and the agent’s level of wealth. The paper shows that standard strict liability under information asymmetries deters the efficient agent to compete and favors adverse selection. Then, under conditions, a capped strict liability regime is a better regime than a standard strict liability one because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Health Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94621

Assessing the Technical and Allocative Efficiency of Marketing Decisions by U.S. Organic Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.
We develop measures of technical and allocative efficiency of producers in marketing certified organic products. A stochastic output distance frontier and the associated revenue share equations are estimated using comprehensive U.S. data on certified organic producers. Farm-level measures of technical efficiency are calculated and factors which enhance performance are identified. Factors that systematically influence allocative efficiency are assessed. The revenue mix of organic producers is systematically inefficient as both male and female producers rely too heavily on revenue from organic markets relative to conventional outlets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; Allocative efficiency; Farm Management; Marketing; D21; C31; Q01.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103365

Beyond Copenhagen: A Realistic Climate Policy in a Fragmented World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
We propose a realistic approach to climate policy based on the Copenhagen Agreement to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. We assess by how much the non-binding, although official, commitments to reduce emissions made in Copenhagen will affect the level of world GHGs emissions in 2020. Our estimates are based on official communications to the UNFCCC, on historic data and on the Business-as-Usual scenario of the WITCH model. We are not interested in estimating the gap between the expected level of emissions and what would be needed to achieve the 2°C target. Nor do we attempt to calculate the 2100 temperature level implied by the Copenhagen pledges. We believe these two exercises are subject to high uncertainty and would not improve the current state...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; International Climate Agreements; Climate Policy; Clean  Development Mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; F5; Q01; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98094

Hazardous Activities and Civil Strict Liability: The Regulator’s Dilemma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
This paper addresses the conditions for setting up strict civil liability schemes. For that it compares the social efficiency of two main civil liability regimes usually enforced to protect the environment: the strict liability regime and the “capped strict liability scheme”. First, it shows that the regulator faces an effective dilemma when he has to enforce one of these schemes. This because the social cost of a severe harm (and the associated optimum care effort) is determined independently of any liability regime. This independency has economic consequences. First, victims and polluters pit one against another about the liability regime that the government should enforce. Hence, financially constrained polluters prefer the ceiling of responsibilities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101299

Agriculture’s Multifunctionality, Sustainability, and Social Responsibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hediger,   Werner.
We investigate the question whether the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) could be used to replace or complement those of multifunctionality and sustainability in the agri-food sector. It shows that the double role of citizens as tax payers and customers requests and allows us to directly link the problems of governance and stakeholder society in an intertemporal framework of total value maximisation and sustainable development. Thus, the concept of CSR provides a link between the views on agriculture’s multifunctionality and sustainability. Moreover, the fact that some actors in a vertical market, such as the agri-food chain, can exercise market power and absorb tax money and resource rents enforces the need of a broader perspective which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Multifunctionality; Sustainability; Social responsibility; Market power.; D62; D63; Q01; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36854

Cambio climático en Uruguay, posibles impactos y medidas de adaptación en el sector agropecuario.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gimenez,   Agustin; Castano,   Jose Pedro; Baethgen,   Walter E.; Lanfranco,   Bruno A.
El presente trabajo presenta un resumen de información sobre cambio climático observado en Uruguay y la región y posibles escenarios futuros. Dicha información se basa fundamentalmente en estudios conducidos y finalizados recientemente (2005-2009) en el país, en el marco del programa “Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change” (AIACC-START, TWAS, GEF) ( AIACC, 2006), en el “Análisis de la Estadística Climática y Desarrollo y Evaluación de Escenarios Climáticos e Hidrológicos de las principales Cuencas Hidrográficas del Uruguay y la Zona Costera” (Unidad de Cambio Climático de la DINAMA del MVOTMA de Uruguay, PNUD, GEF, 2005), en el estudio de “Identificación de Posibles Impactos del Cambio Climático en la Producción de Pasturas Naturales y de...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Agriculture and livestock production; Public policy; Extreme climate events.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q01; Q54; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121759

Promoting sustainable food consumption: the case of nutrition education programs in public schools
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gorgitano,   Maria Teresa; Sodano,   Valeria.
Within the realm of public policies for a sustainable food system, the focus has gradually shifted from production oriented towards consumption oriented interventions. Whilst changing consumer behavior can have a long-lasting positive environmental impact, choosing effective sustainable consumption policy instruments may be a challenging task. In the case of food consumption, the choice of interventions is particularly difficult because of the multiple aspects- psychological, cultural, economic, religious- associated with eating habits. The paper deals with one of the most commonly used forms of intervention, nutrition education programs in public schools. The main conclusion of the paper is that a major effort should be made by the Ministry of Education,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable consumption; Nutrition education; Welfare economics; Food governance; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I0; Q01; D10.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124379

Farm Inputs and Agri-Environment Measures as Indicators of Agri-Environment Quality in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katona-Kovacs,   Judit; Takacs,   Peter; Szabo,   Gabor G.
The paper deals with agri-environmental indicators, examines farm inputs, on the basis of statistical data of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Szabo, Pomazi 2002) and the Eurostat (2004). The examined indicators are placed in the agricultural DPSIR model. The paper presents how the use of farm inputs changed in Hungary from 1980-2000. Farm inputs are related to the inputs of the EU-15, the study demonstrates that today they are below the EU- 15 average. Area under agri-environmental measures in 2003 - which covered the 4% of agricultural area of Hungary - as a response indicator is also presented and based in the land-use zone system developed by Godollo Agricultural University (Angyan et al., 1998).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental measures; Farm inputs; Indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24582

Determinants of Organic Farming Conversion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cock,   Lieve.
In this paper the behavioural change framework of Ajzen and Fishbein is used to explore whether attitudes towards organic farming, the perceived social pressure of the environment and the perceived feasibility of organic farming standards on the farm determine the willingness of farmers to convert to organic farming methods. These variables together with the business and personal objectives and the organic farming information seeking behaviour of the farmer were used in an ordinal regression procedure to predict the intended organic farming conversion behaviour of conventional farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Firm behaviour; Farm Management; Q01; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24675

Assessing the Technical and Allocative Efficiency of U.S. Organic Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Timothy A.; Lohr,   Luanne.
We develop measures of technical and allocative efficiency of producers in marketing certified organic products. A stochastic output distance frontier and the associated revenue share equations are estimated using comprehensive U.S. data on certified organic producers. Farm-level measures of technical efficiency are calculated and factors that enhance performance are identified. Factors that systematically influence allocative efficiency are assessed. The revenue mix of organic producers is systematically inefficient as both male and female producers rely too heavily on revenue from organic markets relative to conventional outlets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Stochastic frontier; Technical and allocative efficiency; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; D21; C31; Q01.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90678

The Sustainability of Cotton Production in China and in Australia: Comparative Economic and Environmental Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xufu; Tisdell,   Clement A.
After providing some background about the importance of cotton as a fibre, this article provides information about the global relevance of China’s and Australia’s cotton industries and compares the structure and other significant features of their cotton industries. Attention is given to trends in overall cotton yields and the volume of production of cotton globally, in Australia, and in China as indicators of the sustainability of cotton supplies. Some simple economic theory is applied to indicate the relationship between market conditions and the sustainability of global cotton supplies. Then the environmental and economic factors that challenge the sustainability of Australian cotton production are outlined and analysed and this is done subsequently for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; China; Cotton production; Fibre markets; Hysteresis of supplies; Sustainable agriculture; Water resources.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q11; Q15; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55338

Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastianin,   Andrea; Favero,   Alice; Massetti,   Emanuele.
In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&amp;D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Carbon Finance; Emission Trading; Energy Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q43; Q54; O32; O11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59418

Rural quality districts in Italy as a tool of sustainable governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cisilino,   Federica; Marangon,   Francesco; Troiano,   Stefania.
The aim of this study is to point out the opportunities to improve the competitiveness of rural areas using new tools of governance.  For this purpose we firstly identify the specific rules adopted in Italy in favour of a specific tool – the district – in order to analyse its guidelines to support rural sustainable development governance.  We then describe the implementation of integrated programming approaches, referring data to the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region.  The results give us the opportunity to identify a number of projects that were developed among several stakeholders to potentially create and promote a local district.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable governance; Rural district; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94625

Testing Nonlinear Logit Models of Performance Effectiveness Ratings: Cooperative Extension and Organic Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.
Survey evidence from U.S. organic farmers is evaluated to identify the factors influencing effectiveness ratings of cooperative extension advisors by organic farmers. A nonlinear logit model is specified for the ratings provided by organic producers, and critical demographic and management factors that influence the ratings are identified. The impact of the organic farmers’ status in transitioning to organic production is highlighted. The results indicate that part-time, newer adopters of organic farming methods are more likely to rate extension service providers as effective providers of information. Scenarios to predict extension effectiveness when interacting with specific groups of organic farmers are developed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cooperative extension; Nonlinear logit model; Organic farming; Performance ratings; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; C25; Q16; Q01.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47206

Role of Watershed Management in Bridging Demand – Supply Gap of Fodder for Enhancing Livestock Production in Shivaliks, Haryana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arya,   Swarn Lata; Panwar,   Pankaj; Yadav,   R.P.
Watershed programme is an important intervention in dryland areas to improve livestock productivity through increased feed and fodder supply. The present study has focused on the impact of watershed interventions on crop-livestock linkages with particular emphasis on how the interventions have affected the quantity of stovers/straws as livestock feeding materials in bridging the demand-supply gap. The study has been carried out in three typical Shivalik foothill watersheds (two treated and one untreated) in the Panchkula district of Haryana state. The impact of watershed development programme has been estimated by adopting both with and without approach and before and after approach. The untreated watershed has derived 65 per cent of its total income from...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fodder; Demand-supply gap; Watershed management; Livestock production; Shivaliks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q01; Q15; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118230

Consumer Perceptions of Sustainable Farming Practices: A Best-Worst Scenario
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sackett,   Hillary M.; Shupp,   Robert S.; Tonsor,   Glynn T.
This paper uses data collected in the summer and fall of 2010 from a national, web-based survey of 1002 households to initiate the process of examining consumer inferences and valuations of food products making "sustainably produced” claims. A Best-Worst scaling framework was implemented to identify what consumers believe “sustainably produced” labels mean and their preferences for each of the individual sustainable farming practices. The best-worst survey method forces respondents to make trade-offs by simultaneously choosing the most and least preferred attributes. The measured level of concern is then applied to a ratio scale. The ability of a firm to differentiate their product hinges critically on an accurate understanding of the perceptions consumers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainably Produced Food; Consumer Perceptions; Best-Worst; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q01; Q13; Q11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103791

Eco-eficiência na Produção de Cera de Carnaúba no Município de Campo Maior, Piauí, 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvalho,   Francisco Prancacio Araujo de; Gomes,   Jaira Maria Alcobaca.
The Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E. Moore or “carnauba” generates a material from the leaves used in the wax production, raw material of countless industrial products. Brazil is the only producer of carnauba wax and the state of Piauí, an important influential. In this, the natural conditions of the district of Campo Maior favor the incidence of the carnauba and its historical tradition in the wax production, turned it a regional pole. The general goal is to analyze, in the carnauba wax production, the elements and the eco-efficiency indicators - economical efficiency associated with low environmental impact. The specific goals are: to evaluate, qualitatively, the materials and energy consumption, toxic substances emissions, existence of recycling of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carnauba wax. Eco-efficiency. Brazil Northeast. State of Piauí.; Agribusiness; O18; Q01; Q2; M14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61245

Subjective Risk, Confidence, and Ambiguity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traeger,   Christian P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Subjective beliefs; Expected utility; Intertemporal substitutability; Intertemporal risk aversion; Recursive utility; Uncertainty; Climate change; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q54; D90; Q01.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90461

Analysing Regional Sustainability Through a Systemic Approach: The Lombardy Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caratti,   Pietro; Ferraguto,   Ludovico.
The intrinsic complexity of the sustainability concept challenges research towards more sophisticated ways to model and assess the dimensions underlying it. However, currently adopted modelling techniques and indicators frameworks are not able to give an integrated assessment through the different components of sustainability, providing incomplete visuals of the reality that they aim to catch. This paper tries to assess how the INSURE methodology can provide a contribution in the analysis of sustainability through indicator frameworks, describing its application to the Lombardy region (Italy). Developed on the course of a 6th European Framework Program – financed project to measure sustainability in the European regions, the methodology provides two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable Development; Regional Economics; Econometric and Input Output Models; Development Planning and Policy; Regional Analyses; Q01; R; R15; O2; O18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37670

The Motivation for Organic Grain Farming in the United States: Profits, Lifestyle, or the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Hikaru Hanawa; Barkley,   Andrew P.; Chacon-Cascante,   Adriana; Kastens,   Terry L.
The objective of this research is to identify and quantify the motivations for organic grain farming in the United States. Survey data of US organic grain producers were used in regression models to find the statistical determinants of three motivations for organic grain production, including profit maximization, environmental stewardship, and an organic lifestyle. Results provide evidence that many organic grain producers had more than a single motivation and that younger farmers are more likely to be motivated by environmental and lifestyle goals than older farmers. Organic grain producers exhibited a diversity of motivations, including profit and stewardship.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Q01; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123783

Knowledge and Adoption of Organic Agriculture: Diffusion Over Time Among Andalusian Olive Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Carlos Parra; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier; Gimenez,   Tomas De Haro.
The objective is to analyse the diffusion over time process of the knowledge and adoption of a sustainable technological innovation -organic agriculture- in the South of Spain -Andalusia region- and for a crop of paramount importance there -olive- within the framework of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Results show that diffusion is essentially due to an autonomous "contagion" among olive growers with a little external intervention. In many regions, particularly in low yield conditions, adoption of organic farming has come to an standstill, demonstrating the need to strengthen or modify the mechanisms of diffusion commonly used up to this time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diffusion of innovations; Diffusion over time; Organic farming; Olea Eruopaea L.; Crop Production/Industries; O31; Q01; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24460

Main problems of agriculture and rural areas in Poland in the period of transformation and integration with European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zegar,   Jozef St.; Florianczyk,   Zbigniew.
Problems currently observed in Polish agriculture have different origins. Some of them have an historical background, while others are related to systemic transformation and forthcoming accession to the European Union. Most of the problems are common for all the candidate countries and most of them are also observed in the developed economies. Identification of these problems is the main purpose of this article. Special attention is paid to natural, human and capital resources available in rural areas. Possible development paths are pointed out. The article also covers most of the opportunities that may help overcome rural development problems in Poland in the wake of forthcoming accession, and their limitations.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Agricultural incomes; Human capital; Sustainable development; EU enlargement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; 01; Q01; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122354

Sustainable Development and Intergenerational Equity: Issues Relevant to India and Globally
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
As outlined, recurring concerns have surfaced since the 1700s that economic growth may prove to be unsustainable. These concerns have been expressed again and have intensified in recent decades but their foundation differs from that of Malthus. The rapid economic growth of China and India have added to these worries. Recent discussions by economists of the desirability of achieving sustainable economic development have mainly focused on measures to attain intergenerational equity in resource use and the dominant view is that each succeeding generation should be at least as well-off as its predecessor. While this is said to be an implication of Rawls’ principle of justice, this dominant rule does not fully reflect Rawls’ principle and it also can violate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Economic growth; India; Intergenerational equity; Rawls’ principle of justice; Sustainable economic development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; O13; O44; Q01.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97470

Comparative Costs and Conservation Policies for the Survival of the Oranutan and Other Species: Includes an Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The extent to which conservation is feasible is constrained by budgets and the financial sacrifice stakeholders are willing to bear. Therefore a possible objective for conserving a species is to minimise the cost of achieving that stated aim. For example, if a minimum viable population (MVP) of a species is to be conserved, the size and type of habitats reserved for this could be selected to minimise cost. This requires consideration of the comparative (relative) opportunity costs of reserving different land types for conservation. A general model is developed to demonstrate this and is applied to the case of the orangutan. In the ecological literature, recommendations for reserving different types of land for conservation have been based on comparisons of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative costs; Conservation in situ; Costs of conservation; Environmental policy; Minimum viable populations; Opportunity costs; Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q13; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90466

Rational Expectation and Education Rewarding: The Case of Chinese Off-Farm Wage Employment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hou,   Linke; Wang,   Xiaobing; Yu,   Xiaohua.
This study establishes a life-cycle model that a representative agent chooses optimal time of education to maximize his/her life earning, which implies that there may exist nonlinear relation between education and earning. Using the data of Chinese off-farm wage employment, we find that the duration of schooling years will increase by 1.7 years with 1 percent increase in rate of return to education. The empirical results also indicate that controversies about return to education might arise from model misspecification without consideration of nonlinearity and sample selection.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Return to schooling; Life-cycle model; Rational expectation; China; Labor and Human Capital; I20; J43; Q01.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114530

Biodiversity Valuation in Developing Countries: A Focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The Millennium Development Goals explicitly recognise “sustainable development” as a target. A step towards this is a greater understanding of the significant role of biodiversity in rural communities of developing countries who depend most on the ecosystem goods and services and who as a result may suffer most from its continued degradation. Understanding the input of biodiversity in developing countries to the provision of the ecosystem goods and services (EGS) that are essential to their human well-being is seen as a significant first step in sustainable development, and environmental valuation is a necessary tool for achieving this objective. However, valuing biodiversity in a developing country context can be an intricate affair. While economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Small Island Developing States; Land Economics/Use; Q01; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94842

Optimal Forest Strategies for Addressing Tradeoffs and Uncertainty in Economic Development under Old-Growth Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Eagle,   Alison J.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In Canada, governments have historically promoted economic development in rural regions by promoting exploitation of natural resources, particularly forests. Forest resources are an economic development driver in many of the more than 80% of native communities located in forest regions. But forests also provide aboriginal people with cultural and spiritual values, and non-timber forest amenities (e.g., biodiversity, wildlife harvests for meat and fur, etc.), that are incompatible with timber exploitation. Some cultural and other amenities can only be satisfied by maintaining a certain amount of timber in an old-growth state. In that case, resource constraints might be too onerous to satisfy development needs. We employ compromise programming and fuzzy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest-dependent aboriginal communities; Boreal forest; Compromise and fuzzy programming; Sustainability and uncertainty; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; Q23; Q01; C61.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10251

Effectiveness of Integrated Pest Management Dissemination Techniques:  A Case Study of Potato Farmers in Carchi, Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mauceri,   Maria; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger; Norton,   George W.; Barrera,   Victor.
Potato farmers in Ecuador rely on chemical inputs to manage pests and optimize yields.  Integrated pest management techniques lower production costs, reduce pesticide exposure, and improve long-term agricultural sustainability.  Public extension does not, however, exist in Ecuador and cost-effective means of communicating complex messages to producers are needed.  We analyze cost-effectiveness of alternative dissemination methods, including farmer field schools (FFS), field days, pamphlets, and word-of-mouth transmission.  Field days and pamphlets have strong impacts on adoption, especially considering their low costs.  FFS are effective, but expensive.  Evidence also indicates significant diffusion from FFS to non-FFS farmers, indicating high...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecuador; Farmer field schools; Integrated pest management; Technology adoption; Technology dissemination; Q01; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37091

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ON A LOCAL SCALE BEYOND 2013 – THE CASE OF CAITHNESS AND SUTHERLAND (SCOTLAND, UK)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Thomson,   Kenneth J.
With the latest reform of EU Structural Policy, the Highlands and Islands have been excluded from further support by Structural Funds beyond 2013, but the new Scottish Rural Development Programme has increased CAP Pillar 2 expenditures in Scotland. A modified version of a system dynamics model constructed for an EU-wide case-study project (TOP-MARD) was used to simulate the effects of these and other policy changes in Caithness and Sutherland (C&amp;S), a remote rural area in Northern Scotland. Several alternative modelling scenarios were developed, mostly relating to reconfigurations of Pillar 2 spending within the area. The modelling results, i.e. projections from 2001 to 2021, are discussed in terms of agricultural employment, regional population, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development; CAP reform; Scotland; Pillar 2; Regional modelling; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q18; R23; R50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50935

Comments on Sustainable Coastal Development Through Community Support: Myth or Reality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergstrom,   John C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Community development; Community support; Natural resources; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q27; Q28; Q32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43767

The Equivalence of Strict Liability and Negligence Rule: A « Trompe l'œil » Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerard,   Mondello.
This paper analyzes the difficulties of comparing the respective effectiveness of two among the most important liability regimes in tort law: rule of negligence and strict liability. Starting from the standard Shavellian unilateral accident scheme, I show that matching up liability regime on their capacity to provide the highest level of safety is ineffective. This demonstration lies on two components. The first one gathers some results drawn from literature that introduces uncertainty. The second one takes into consideration the beliefs of agents and their aversion to ambiguity. The model applies uncertainty to the level of maximum damage. This demonstration reinforces the previous result. Hence, both regimes apply on specific tort question and comparing...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict Liability; Negligence Rule; Ambiguity Theory; Uncertainty; Accident Model; Risk and Uncertainty; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121910

Assessing Domestic Demand for Organic and ‘Locally Grown' Produce on An ‘Organic Island': Dominica's Dilemma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boys,   Kathryn A.; Willis,   David B.; George,   Seraphine; Hammig,   Michael D.
The economy of Dominica faces a unique set of challenges.  As with many other Caribbean nations, Dominica has historically been dependent upon agriculture.  Over the past several hundred years, the island's economy has been largely supported through the concentrated mono-cropping of a variety of export-oriented crops including coffee, limes, vanilla, and bananas (FAVACA, 2008).  Today, approximately 45% of Dominica's labor force is employed in the agricultural sector (FAVACA, 2008).  While neighboring countries have economically benefited from tourism, due to its lack of white sand beaches, Dominica is not a typical tourist destination.  Taking advantage of its landscape, rainforests, and diversity of natural wildlife, in an effort to diversify its economy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Willingness to pay; Caribbean; Organic; Locally grown; Food; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Marketing; O13; O54; Q01; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103903

Organic Apple Production in Washington State: An Input-Output Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mon,   Pon Nya; Holland,   David W.
This paper provides an Input-Output (I/O) based economic impact analysis for organic apple production in Washington State. The intent is to compare the economic “ripple” effect of organic production with conventional production. The analysis is presented in two scenarios: first we compare the economic impact of organic versus conventional apple production for a l demand increase of one million US$ as measured in sales. The second analysis looks at the economic impact of organic and conventional apple production in terms of given unit of land (405 hectares of production). Both state-wide output (sales) and employment (jobs) impacts are estimated under each scenario. Results are presented in terms of direct, indirect, and induced economic impact. Organic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conventional and organic apple production; Multiplier effects; Output and employment effects; IMPLAN; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; D58; Q01; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12961

What Explains the Incidence of the Use of a Common Sediment Control on Lots with Houses Under Construction?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Templeton,   Scott R.; Sessions,   William T.; Haselbach,   Liv M.; Campbell,   Wallace A.; Hayes,   John C.
To analyze compliance with one aspect of the regulation of stormwater discharge, we estimate a random-utility model of the probability that a builder uses a silt fence to control sediments on a lot with a house under construction in an urbanizing county of South Carolina. The probability increases if the builder is responsible to the subdivision’s developer or if a homeowners association exists. The probability also increases as the cost to install a silt fence decreases or the number of houses under construction per built house in a subdivision increases. The results can help county officials target inspection to improve compliance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Compliance with regulation; Erosion and sediment control; Filter fabric; Management of stormwater runoff; Random-utility model; Silt fence; Storm water pollution prevention plan; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Q01; Q24; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57146

Equilibrium management of fisheries with altruistic overlapping generations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekeland,   Ivar; Karp,   Larry S.; Sumaila,   Ussif Rashid.
We imbed a classic fishery model, where the optimal policy follows a Most Rapid Approach Path to a steady state, into an overlapping generations setting. The current generation discounts future generations’ utility flows at a rate possibly different from the pure rate of time preference used to discount their own utility flows. The resulting model has non-constant discount rates, leading to time inconsistency. The unique Markov Perfect equilibrium to this model has a striking feature: provided that the current generation has some concern for the not-yet born, the equilibrium policy does not depend on the degree of that concern.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Sustainable development; Renewable resources; Time inconsistency; Hyperbolic discounting; Production Economics; Q01; Q22; C 61.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123635

Farms and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruhl,   J.B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Multifunctionality; Green subsidies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; K32; Q18; Q01; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94651

Effects of Global Climate Change on Nigerian Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Apata,   Temidayo Gabriel; Ogunyinka,   A.I.; Sanusi,   R.A.; Ogunwande,   S.
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effects of global warming on Nigerian agriculture and estimation of the determinants of adaptation to climate change. Data used for this study are from both secondary and primary sources. The set of secondary sources of data helped to examine the coverage of the three scenarios (1971-1980; 1981-1990 and 1991-2000). The primary data set consists of 1500 respondents’ but only 1250 cases were useful. This study analyzed determinants of farm-level climate adaptation measures using a Multinomial choice and stochastic-simulation model to investigate the effects of rapid climatic change on grain production and the human population in Nigeria. The model calculates the production, consumption and storage of grains...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Economic consequences; Farm level productivity; Average Rainfall; Nigeria; Food Security and Poverty; D6; D91; E21; O13; Q01; Q2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91751

The Impact of Protest Responses in Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrio,   Melina; Loureiro,   Maria L.
Not much attention has been given to protest responses in choice experiments (CE). Using follow-up statements, we are able to identify protest responses and compute welfare estimates with and without the inclusion of such protest responses. We conclude that protest responses are fairly common in CE, and their analysis affects the statistical performance of the empirical models. In particular, when the sample is corrected by protests, our results come from utility consistent models. Thus, future choice experiments should consider the role of protest responses as contingent valuation studies have done.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Protest Responses; Choice Experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q10; Q50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98050

Food Consumption for the Poor: A Supply or an Income Issue? Evidence from Less-favored Regions in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhu,   Jing; Hare,   Denise; Zhong,   Funing.
The world food crisis has brought about heated discussions on policy responses and actions to achieve future stability and security in food consumption for the poor. While many viewing it as a supply proglem and propose to cope with it by incrasing self-supply, there are also propostitions of viewing it more as an income problem. This paper has taken the experience of China into study. Being the most populous nation in the world and with rural low-income and low food consumption groups still a noticeable portion in the rural area, China has devoted strenuous efforts by utilizing various policy approaches. This paper has estimated empirically the impact of different policy measures, i.e., the predominantly used traditional policy aimed at increasing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food consumption; Food production policy; Food security; Less-favored regions; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q18; Q01.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61342

Multifunctional land use: is it a key factor for rural development?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kopeva,   Diana Ilieva; Peneva,   Mariya Marinova; Madjarova,   Svetla Ivanova.
The sustainable development of rural areas faces nowadays the challenges of global changes. The need to adapt land and landscape use to the new social, economic and ecological demands (non-farm activities, employment in rural areas, forest and agro- related tourism, real estate pressure, etc.) requires an analysis of the land multifunctionality and of the multipurpose land management strategies. The paper aims to review the concept of land use and landscape multifunctionality and to review the role of multifunctional land use in Rural Development Policy in Bulgaria.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional land use; Rural development; Rural development policy; Bulgaria; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q15; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94828

Discrete Choice Modeling of Consumer Preferences for Sustainably Produced Steak and Apples
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sackett,   Hillary M.; Shupp,   Robert S.; Tonsor,   Glynn T.
"Sustainably produced" food labels have rapidly grown in popularity over the past decade (Batte 2011). Moreover, because there is no government agency overseeing certification of these production methods, consumers are generally confused about the production attributes that may or may not be present in a sustainable food system. This paper analyzes data from a hypothetical choice experiment to better understand consumer purchasing behavior when faced with competing food production attributes such as "organic" and "local". We seek to estimate preferences for "sustainably produced" food products and determine how they may be affected by varying degrees of information about sustainable agricultural systems. Additionally, the willingness to pay measurements...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainably Produced Food; Choice Experiment; Consumer Preferences; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q01; Q13; Q11.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123517

Fragile Social Norms: (un) Sustainable Exploration of Forest Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zylbersztajn,   Decio.
The exhaustion of natural resources is a central problem in the international agenda. The particular case of Amazon forest is at the top on the international environmental discussion. Two related problems are keys to be considered in the discussion of sustainable development in this region. First the predatory use of the natural resources of the forest mainly timber and genetic resources. Second the recognition of the existence of a population of around 20 million inhabitants in the region defined as “Legal Amazon Area”, aiming the improvement on the living conditions, enhancement of income level and acceleration of development. How to match both objectives is a puzzle faced by the present generation. The region is populated by initiatives of international...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Q01; Q56; D23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59117

Quantifizierung „gesellschaftlich gewünschter, nicht marktgängiger Leistungen“ der  Landwirtschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plankl,   Reiner; Weingarten,   Peter; Nieberg,   Hiltrud; Zimmer,   Yelto; Isermeyer,   Folkhard; Krug,   Janina; Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Zusammenfassung: In den Diskussionen über die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik nach 2013 nimmt die Honorierung nicht marktgängiger gesellschaftlicher Leistungen der Landwirtschaft eine zentrale Rolle ein. Unterschiedliche Ansichten bestehen darüber, was unter diesen Leistungen genau zu verstehen ist und wie sie quantifiziert und monetarisiert werden können. Die hierzu durchgeführte Auswertung von rund 80 Studien zeigt einerseits, dass in der Bevölkerung eine generelle Zahlungsbereitschaft für solche Leistungen besteht, und andererseits, dass die ausgewerteten Fallstudien nicht auf Deutschland hochgerechnet werden können. Die Leistung „Offenhaltung der Landschaft“ verursacht - wenn sie nicht als Koppelprodukt unentgeltlich anfällt - Kosten, deren Höhe in starkem...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gesellschaftliche Leistungen der Landwirtschaft; Koppelprodukte; Zahlungsbereitschaft; Offenhaltung der Landschaft; Kosten für Umweltregulierung; Public goods provided by agriculture; By-product; Willingness to pay; Open landscape; Environmental regulation cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q01; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103256

Bringing Growth Theory "Down to Earth"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Stocking,   Andrew.
Explicitly accounting for certain basic physical laws governing the “earth” sector dramatically enriches our ability to explain a high degree of diversity in observed patterns of economic growth. We provide a theoretical explanation of why some countries have been able to sustain a more or less constant and positive rate of economic growth for many decades while so many others have failed to do so. The analysis predicts that countries that have an over abundance of physical capital (a concept that is precisely defined in the text) may be unable to sustain a positive rate of economic growth over the long run. Too much physical capital may affect the dynamics of the economy ultimately leading to stagnation. The plausibility of the growth model introduced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous growth theory; Unbalanced growth; Structural change; Stagnation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; E22; Q01; O41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48944

Effects of Participation in Organic Markets and Farmer-based Organizations on the Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices among Small-scale Farmers in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wollni,   Meike; Lee,   David R.; Thies,   Janice E.
Conservation agriculture is often perceived to provide “win-win” outcomes for farmers leading to reduced erosion and off-site sedimentation, as well as improved soil fertility and productivity. However, adoption rates for conservation agriculture in many regions of the world remain below expected levels. This paper looks at the effect of organic markets in providing incentives for farmers to adopt soil conservation practices. Farmer-based organizations may link farmers to these markets by helping them overcome information deficiencies with respect to production standards and consumer preferences. Based on original survey data from 241 small-scale farm households in Honduras, we find that both participation in organic markets and farmer-based groups have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil conservation; Technology adoption; Organic markets; Farmer organizations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Q01; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51669

Produzione del colza per fini energetici: impatto ambientale e metodo di coltivazione
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmieri,   Nadia; Forleo,   Maria Bonaventura; Suardi,   Alessandro; Coaloa,   Domenico; Pari,   Luigi.
A seguito dell’applicazione della riforma OCM zucchero, si sono avviati piani di riconversione della filiera bieticolo-saccarifera verso diverse filiere agroenergetiche. La colza è considerata tra le colture strategiche da utilizzare per la produzione di biodiesel. Tra gli studi di riconversione sta acquistando sempre maggiore importanza l’analisi della sostenibilità ambientale ed economica del processo di cambio d’uso del suolo. Obiettivo dello studio è condurre un’analisi dell’impatto ambientale della coltivazione di colza al fine di individuare il modello colturale meno impattante. L’analisi ambientale è condotta su cinque realtà rappresentative individuate mediante l’impiego della cluster analysis a partire da un campione di 251 appezzamenti coltivati...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomy; Life Cycle Assessment; Brassica napus; L; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q01; Q12; Q51.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124125

CAP versus Rural Policy Challenges, Paradigm change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halmai,   Peter; Vasary,   Viktoria.
Rural development in the European Union has to face several challenges. Negative effects of old and new challenges (if these challenges are not faced effectively) might enhance and accelerate those processes that are taking place slowly for the present but that are definitely irreversible. On the basis of sector-specific approach problems related to agriculture should be focused on. It has to be, however, highlighted that there is an ongoing paradigm change: there is a shift from the agricultural policy aiming at food self sufficiency and income parity towards a sustainable rural policy with spatial focus. The shift itself is considered a continuous challenge, too. The following questions as objectives of the paper arise: - Are there policy instruments...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common agricultural policy; New rural paradigm; European added value; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q18; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115547

RESEARCH REGARDING OIL SEEDS CROPS DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA IN THE EU CONTEXT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popescu,   Agatha.
Professional paper
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Rape; Soybean; Sunflower; Cultivated area; Yield; Production; Romania; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Q10; Q01.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123964

Gender, institutions and sustainability in the context of forest decentralization reforms in Latin America and East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Yan; Mwangi,   Esther; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Women’s participation in decision making at the user-group level and in forest committees has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on forest sustainability. For example, women’s participation enhances forest regeneration and reduces illegal harvesting through improved monitoring. Their presence in forest user groups increases the groups’ capacity to manage and resolve conflict, which in turn increases the likelihood that resource users will comply with and respect harvesting and use rules. These insights have been especially useful in informing policy and project interventions designed to strength and amplify women’s participation.          This paper adopts a cross-national approach and employs quantitative techniques to analyze the relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Forest management; Forest user groups; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q23; J16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103456

A Participatory Approach to Assess the Effectiveness of Responses to Cope with Flood Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ceccato,   Lucia; Giannini,   Valentina; Giupponi,   Carlo.
This work illustrates the preliminary findings of a participatory research process aimed at identifying responses for sustainable water management in a climate change perspective, in two river basins in Europe and Asia. The paper describes the methodology implemented through local workshops, aimed at eliciting and evaluating possible responses to flood risk. Participatory workshops allowed for the identification of four categories of possible responses and a set of nine evaluation criteria, three for each of the three pillars of sustainable development. The main outcome of such activities consists in the ranking of broad response categories instrumental to the objective of the Brahmatwinn research project, i.e. the identification of Integrated Water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Participatory Process; Climate Change; Flood Risk; Decision Support System; Multi Criteria Analysis; MCA; Eliciting Responses; Evaluating Responses; Integrated Water Resources Management; IWRM; Mulino Decision Support System; MDSS; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q01; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60662

Consumer Perceptions of Sustainable Farming Practices: A Best-Worst Scenario
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sackett,   Hillary M.
The ability of a firm to differentiate their product hinges critically on an accurate understanding of the perceptions consumers hold regarding the implications of a credence labeling claim. Building upon existing work evaluating other food attribute labels (e.g., genetically-modified products, region of origin, use of growth hormones) and the impact of consumer inferences (e.g., implicit associations made from explicitly provided information), this work begins to address gaps in the literature regarding food products with sustainably produced claims. This paper uses data collected in the summer and fall of 2010 from a national, web-based survey of 1002 households, to initiate the process of examining consumer inferences and valuations of food products...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Sustainably Produced Food; Best-Worst; Consumer Perceptions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q01; Q13; Q11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115966

Scientific instruments for climate change adaptation: estimating and optimizing the efficiency of ecosystem service provision
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Villa,   Ferdinando; Bagstad,   Kenneth J.; Johnson,   Gary W.; Voigt,   Brian.
Adaptation to the consequences of climate change can depend on efficient use of ecosystem services (ES), i.e. a better use of natural services through management of the way in which they are delivered to society. While much discussion focuses on reducing consumption and increasing production of services, a lack of scientific instruments has so far prevented other mechanisms to improve ecosystem services efficiency from being addressed systematically as an adaptation strategy. This paper describes new methodologies for assessing ecosystem services and quantifying their values to humans, highlighting the role of ecosystem service flow analysis in optimizing the efficiency of ES provision.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Flow analysis; Bayesian modeling; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q54; Q55; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117618

Risky Activities and Strict Liability Rules: Delegating Safety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
This paper studies the delegation of activities that pose serious risks to health and the environment in an economy regulated by strict liability schemes. Strict liability induces judgment-proof possibilities. Two civil liability regimes are then compared: a strict liability scheme and a capped strict liability one. The argument is led under a twofold asymmetric information assumption between the principal and the agent: the efficiency level in effort for safety and the agent’s level of wealth. The paper shows that standard strict liability under information asymmetries deters the efficient agent to compete and favors adverse selection. Then, under conditions, a capped strict liability regime is a better regime than a standard strict liability one because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Health Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94736

Farming or burning? shadow prices and farmer’s impatience on the allocation of multi-purpose resource in the mixed farming system of Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teklewold,   Hailemariam.
In crop-livestock mixed farming system where farm yard manure (FYM) is considered as important multi-purpose resource such as source of soil organic matter, additional source of income and household source of energy, soil fertility depletion could takes place within the perspective of the household allocation pattern of FYM. This paper estimates structural FYM-allocation model in the presence of corner solution, with the objective of examining the role of various returns to FYM and farmer’s impatience on the propensity to allocate FYM for alternative purposes. We illustrate the model using data based on a random sample of 493 farm households in the central highlands of Ethiopia. We find that the higher the selling price of FYM is the higher the incentive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impatience; Shadow price; Allocation; Farm yard manure; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Q01; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116080

Maquiladoras, Air Pollution, and Human Health in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Batz,   Michael B.; Evans,   David A.
Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, is home to the U.S.-Mexico border's largest maquiladora labor force, and also its worst air pollution. We marshal two types of evidence to examine the link between maquiladoras and air pollution in Ciudad Juarez, and in its sister city, El Paso, Texas. First, we use a publicly available sector-level emissions inventory for Ciudad Juarez to determine the importance of all industrial facilities (including maquiladoras) as a source of air pollution. Second, we use original plant-level data from two sample maquiladoras to better understand the impacts of maquiladora air pollution on human health. We use a series of computational models to estimate health damages attributable to air pollution from these plants, we compare these damages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maquiladora; Air pollution; Human health; Environmental justice; U.S.-Mexico border; Ciudad Juarez; El Paso; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10807

Sustainable Rural Development in Environmentally Protected Areas of Hungary and Austria: The Role of CAP payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katona-Kovacs,   Judit; Dax,   Thomas.
Although there are steps in the direction that the application of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) instruments in different regions has to take account of the territorial dimension, these have to be further improved. This aspect attains particular relevance in ecologically sensitive areas. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of CAP instruments in two National Parks from the aspect of sustainable rural development. The two selected National Parks are both very famous protected areas in Hungary and Austria, situated in very different landscapes and representing different types of national parks. The territorial distribution of the CAP Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 payments are analysed against the specific local role and the regional and national contexts....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: National Parks; CAP; Territorial dimension; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q20; Q01.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44438

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aryn,   Erlan; Ernazarov,   Tahir.
The authors outline economic and ecological aspects of a sustainable development paradigm. They call for active methods of nature preservation, including introducing environment-friendly innovations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecological-economic aspects; Environment preservation; Sustainable development; Natural resources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94555

The Niger Food Crisis: Causes and Implications for Research and Development from an Integrated Agricultural Economics Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abele,   Steffen; Twine,   Edgar.
During the 2004 food crisis in Niger, the weakness of the main production system, millet, to produce enough food to sustain short term crises, has been revealed. Questions arise how the Nigerian smallholder systems can be assisted by research and development policies to intensify production and improve food security. The paper assesses technical options according to their economic sustainability. A sequence of models is applied: On plot level, production functions of inter cropping systems were estimated to determine yields and their variability of the major crops. These data were fed in a nonlinear program to test the inn ovations, first at stable prices, then at declining prices that were obtained from an interregional trade model. The latter was shocked...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Niger; Small scale farming; Risk management; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q01; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25557