Consulta: subjectFacets:"Q5"
Registros recuperados: 58
Data/hora: 13/06/2024 00:44:36

The Excitement and Value of Discovering Tourism Economics: Clem Tisdell's Journey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines how Clem Tisdell came to discover tourism economics and charts the basic route that he followed in developing that interest. This article is developed by first considering his early years (1939 to 1960), that is the period prior to his commencement of postgraduate studies at the Australian National University, then his postgraduate studies at the Australian National University (1961-1963), and his lecturing appointment at this university in the period 1964-1972. It was towards the end of this period that his research interests started to change significantly and provided a springboard for his later focus on tourism economics and the environment. It was during his appointment as Professor of Economics at the University of Newcastle (1972-1989) that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Ecological economics; Economic development; Environmental economics; India; Nature-based tourism; Sustainable tourism; Tourism economics; Wildlife conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; F18; L83; O10; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90631

Environmental Policy, Spatial Spillovers and the Emergence of Economic Agglomerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyriakopoulou,   Efthymia; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
We explain the spatial concentration of economic activity, in a model of economic geography, when the cost of environmental policy - which is increasing in the concentration of emissions - and an immobile production factor act as centrifugal forces, while positive knowledge spillovers and iceberg transportation costs act as centripetal forces. We study the agglomeration effects caused by trade-offs between centripetal and centrifugal forces. The above effects govern firms’ location decisions and as a result, they define the distribution of economic activity across space. We derive the rational expectations equilibrium and the social optimum, compare the outcomes and characterize the optimal spatial policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Spatial Economics; Environmental Policy; Knowledge Spillovers; Transportation Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; R3; Q5; H2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54289

Interactive Problem Structuring with ICZM Stakeholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kouwen,   Frank; Dieperink,   Carel; Schot,   Paul P.; Wassen,   Martin J.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is struggling with a lack of science-management integration. Many computer systems, usually known as “decision support systems”, have been developed with the intention to make scientific knowledge about complex systems more accessible for coastal managers. These tools, allowing a multi-disciplinary approach with multi-criteria analyses, are designed for well-defined, structured problems. However, in practice stakeholder consensus on the problem structure is usually lacking. Aim of this paper is to explore the practical opportunities for the new so-called Quasta approach to structure complex problems in a group setting. This approach is based on a combination of Cognitive Mapping and Qualitative Probabilistic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cognitive Mapping; Interactive Policy Making; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9555

Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Eco-Certified Wood Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Jakus,   Paul M.; English,   Burton C.; Menard,   R. Jamey.
We use Kristrom’s simple spike model to assess the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for a variety of certified wood products.  A survey of over 1,600 Pennsylvania and Tennessee residents found that approximately 35% were willing to pay some positive “premium” for environmentally certified wood products.  For three types of weed products (a $28.80 shelf, a $199 chair, and a $799 table), we find the estimated market premiums to be $3.74, $15.94, and $45.07, respectively.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Eco-certification; Eco-labeling; Price premium; Spike models; Q5; Q23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43452

Nuclear versus Coal plus CCS: A Comparison of Two Competitive Base-load Climate Control Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; van der Zwaan,   Bob.
In this paper we analyze the relative importance and mutual behavior of two competing base-load electricity generation options that each are capable of contributing significantly to the abatement of global CO2 emissions: nuclear energy and coal-based power production complemented with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). We also investigate how, in scenarios from an integrated assessment model that simulates the economics of a climate-constrained world, the prospects for nuclear energy would change if exogenous limitations on the spread of nuclear technology were relaxed. Using the climate change economics model WITCH we find that until 2050 the resulting growth rates of nuclear electricity generation capacity become comparable to historical rates observed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Competition; Electricity Sector; Nuclear Power; Coal Power; CCS; Renewables; Climate Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D8; D9; H0; O3; O4; Q4; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55327

Changing the Allocation Rules in the EU ETS: Impact on Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demailly,   Damien; Quirion,   Philippe.
We assess five proposals for the future of the EU greenhouse gas Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): pure grandfathering allocation of emission allowances (GF), output-based allocation (OB), auctioning (AU), auctioning with border adjustments (AU-BA), and finally output-based allocation in sectors exposed to international competition combined with auctioning in electricity generation (OB-AU). We look at the impact on production, trade, CO2 leakage and welfare. We use a partial equilibrium model of the EU 27 featuring three sectors covered by the EU ETS – cement, steel and electricity – plus the aluminium sector, which is indirectly impacted through a rise in electricity price. The leakage ratio, i.e. the increase in emissions abroad over the decrease in EU...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Allowance Allocation; Leakage; Spillover; Climate Policy; Kyoto Protocol; Border Adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46623

The Choice of Management Practices: What Determines the Design of an Environmental Management System?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anton,   Wilma Rose Q.
This paper examines whether differential incentives exist in the adoption of environmental management practices (EMPs) with varying features that often make up the design of environmental management systems implemented by firms. Estimation of multivariate probit models reveals that greater consumer, regulatory and investor pressures are positively related to the adoption of EMPs that directly enhance a firm's green image. In addition, potential liability costs are positively associated with adopting broad-based EMPs while regulatory pressures are not generally found to have any significant relationship with environmental efforts that improve and address compliance issues. Results also reveal that competitive pressures arising from environmental efforts by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental management system; Environmental management practice; Environmental self-regulation; Voluntary adoption; Multivariate probit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; L5 –; L1 –; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19503

Optimal control of spatial-dynamic processes: The case of biological invasions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epanchin-Niell,   Rebecca S.; Wilen,   James E.
This study examines the spatial nature of optimal bioinvasion control. We develop and parameterize a spatially explicit two-dimensional model of species spread that allows for differential control across space and time, and we solve for optimal control strategies. We find that the qualitative nature of optimal strategies depend in interesting ways on aspects of landscape and invasion geometry. For example, we show that reducing the extent of exposed invasion edge, through spread, removal, or strategically employing landscape features, can be an optimal strategy because it reduces long-term containment costs. We also show that optimal invasion control is spatially and temporally “forward-looking” in the sense that strategies should be targeted to slow the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Spatial-dynamic processes; Spatial spread; Reaction-diffusion; Management; Cellular automaton; Eradication; Containment; Spatial control; Integer programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q; Q1; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61375

Politics and Economics of Second-Best Regulation of Greenhouse Gases:  The Importance of Regulatory Credibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Victor,   David G.
Modellers have examined a wide array of ideal-world scenarios for regulation of greenhouse gases.  In this ideal world, all countries limit emissions from all economic sectors; regulations are implemented by intelligent, well-informed forward-looking agents; all abatement options, such as new energy technologies and forestry offsets, are available; trade in goods, services and emission credits is free and unfettered.  Here we systematically explore more plausible second-best worlds.  While analysts have given inordinate attention to which countries participate in regulation—what we call “variable geometry”—which has a strikingly small impact on total world cost of carbon regulations if international trade in emission credits allows economies to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gases; Second-best Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60663

How CO2 Capture and Storage Can Mitigate Carbon Leakage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quirion,   Philippe; Rozenberg,   Julie; Sassi,   Olivier; Vogt-Schilb,   Adrien.
Most CO2 abatement policies reduce the demand for fossil fuels and therefore their price in international markets. If these policies are not global, this price decrease raises emissions in countries without CO2 abatement policies, generating “carbon leakage”. On the other hand, if the countries which abate CO2 emissions are net fossil fuel importers, they benefit from this price decrease, which reduces the abatement cost. In contrast, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) does not reduce fossil fuel demand, therefore it generates neither this type of leakage nor this negative feedback on abatement costs. We quantify these effects with the global hybrid general equilibrium model Imaclim-R and show that they are quantitatively important. Indeed, for a given...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 Capture and Storage; Carbon Leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101293

Challenges and Opportunities for Water of the Rio Grande
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rister,   M. Edward; Sturdivant,   Allen W.; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Michelsen,   Ari M.
The Rio Grande has headwaters in Colorado, flows through New Mexico, and serves as the United States.–Mexico border in Texas, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Snow melt in Colorado and northern New Mexico constitutes the water river supply for New Mexico and the El Paso region, whereas summer monsoonal flow from the Rio Conchos in Mexico and tributaries, including the Pecos River, provides the Rio Grande flow for southern Texas. The region is mostly semiarid with frequent long-term drought periods but is also characterized by a substantial irrigated agriculture sector and a rapidly growing population. International treaties and interstate compacts provide the rules for allocation of Rio Grande waters between the United States and Mexico and among...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural economics; Conservation; Irrigation; Natural resources; Renewable resources; Resources; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q5; Q15; Q20; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113529

2C or Not 2C?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guivarch,   Celine; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
Political attention has increasingly focused on limiting warming to 2°C. However, to date the only mitigation commitments accompanying this target are the so-called Copenhagen pledges, and these pledges appear to be inconsistent with the 2°C objective. Diverging opinions on whether this inconsistency can or should be resolved have been expressed. This paper clarifies the alternative assumptions underlying these diverging view points and explicits their implications. It first gives simple visualizations of the challenge posed by the 2°C target. It then proposes a “decision tree”, linking different beliefs on climate change, the achievability of different policies, and current international policy dynamics to various options to move forward on climate change.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Feasibility of 2°C Target; Climate Change Negotiations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120019

Valoração contingente da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) São José – MG: um estudo de caso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cirino,   Jader Fernandes; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de.
The São José Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in the State of Minas Gerais has a rich natural and historical patrimony. However, in spite of its value and of being a protection area since 1981, it has now suffering several degradations. In that sense, the major objective of this work is to value São José EPA with the purpose of supplying subsidies for the elaboration and attainment of public and private projects of preservation or sustainable exploration of the referred asset, as well as for public policy directed to its administration. As valuation method, it was used the contingent valuation through the approach of Hanemann (1984) and the bootstrapping method to obtain a monthly willingness-to-pay (WTP) per family of the municipal districts that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: São José EPA; Contingent valuation; Environmental valuation; Willingness-to-pay.; Agribusiness; Q; Q5; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61229

Do Environmental Services Buyers Prefer Differentiated Rates? A Case Study from the Colombian Andes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Wunder,   Sven; Borda,   Carlos Andres.
Flat user fees in payment for environmental services (PES) schemes promote administrative ease, and are sometimes perceived as egalitarian. However, when environmental service (ES) buyers are heterogeneous in their income and water consumption levels, this may not be optimal, as total payments become too low and services are under-supplied. This paper identifies ES buyer preferences and estimates their willingness to pay (WTP) differentiated fees in an ongoing PES initiative in an Andean watershed in Colombia. Small, flat user payments have recently been introduced to implement incipient watershed protection upstream. Environmental service users fall into two highly heterogeneous categories: smallholder peasants and owners of recreational houses. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: PES; WTP; Environmental services; Colombia; Watershed protection; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56; Q25; Q5; Q51; C25; D10; D12; D61; D63.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91171

Incorporating Project Uncertainty in Novel Environment Biotechnologies: Illustrated Using Phytoremediation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Linacre,   Nicholas A.; Whiting,   Steven N.; Angle,   J. Scott.
Pollution of the environment by metals and organic contaminants is an intractable global problem, with cleanup costs running into billions of dollars using current engineering technologies. The availability of alternative, cheap and effective technologies would significantly improve the prospects of cleaning-up metal contaminated sites. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an economical and ‘green’ method of exploiting plants to extract or degrade the contaminants in the soil. To date, the majority of phytoremediation efforts have been directed at leaping the biological, biochemical and agronomic hurdles to deliver a working technology, with scant attention to the economic outlook other than simple estimates of the cost advantages of phytoremediation over...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Project risk; Soil contaminants; Environmental remediation; Industrial crop technologies; Crop Production/Industries; Q5; Q51; Q2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59223

Análisis de la metodología de los puntos de corte para la identificación de las respuestas “inconsistentes” en los modelos de elección discreta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colombo,   Sergio; Hanley,   Nick; Bush,   Glenn.
En el método del experimento de elección se supone que el entrevistado es perfectamente racional, está informado y maximiza su utilidad siguiendo una regla de elección perfectamente compensatoria. Sin embargo, es posible que los individuos empleen otras reglas de decisión en sus elecciones para simplificar el esfuerzo cognitivo del ejercicio propuesto. En este trabajo se emplea la metodología de los valores de corte para incorporar en el experimento de elección reglas de decisión no compensatorias, y se amplia esta metodología para identificar respuestas inconsistentes. Los resultados indican que el empleo de los valores de corte mejora la capacidad descriptiva de los modelos de elección, y puede ser muy útil para la identificación de inconsistencias en la...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experimento de elección; Inconsistencias en la elección; Puntos de corte.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q5; D01.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57278

Technical Barriers to Interstate Trade: Noxious Weed Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gopinath,   Munisamy; Min,   He; Buccola,   Steven T.
We focus on regulations controlling the spread of noxious weeds, especially the trade effects of regulatory differences across U.S. states. We specify a gravity model for each state’s seed, nursery product, and commodity trade with each other state. Within the gravity model, we examine the role of cross-state regulatory congruence arising from ecological and agronomic characteristics and interest-group lobbying. A spatial-autoregressive Tobit model is estimated with a modified expectation-maximization algorithm. Results show that weed regulatory congruence positively affects interstate trade. By fostering cross-state regulatory differences, consumer and commodity-producer lobbying reduce the value of interstate trade by about two percent per annum.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Interstate trade; Invasive species; Rent-seeking; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F1; H7; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100527

Diseno de un indice sintetico de desarrollo sostenible y aplicacion a la Union Europea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxe,   Fernando I. Gonzalez; Palmero,   Federico G. Martin.
En el presente artículo se establecen las bases metodológicas y se diseña un índice sintético global de desarrollo sostenible que cumple tres condiciones: se adapta a los principios de Presión – Estado – Respuesta, adopta los mandatos de la Agenda 21 Local y se adecua a los cuatro componentes o dimensiones básicas de la sostenibilidad: institucional, medioambiental, económica y social. A partir de dicha metodología se construye el índice sintético sobre el cómputo de 78 variables, 37 subindicadores y 13 indicadores, agrupados éstos en las cuatro dimensiones citadas para, a continuación, proceder a su aplicación a  los países de la UE.  Palabras clave: Recursos Naturales, Medio Ambiente, Desarrollo Sostenible, Unión Europea.  SUMMARY  This article...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Natural Resources; Environment; Sustainable Development; European Union; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q5; R1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28728

Invention and Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies on a Global Scale: A Study Drawing on Patent Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dechezlepretre,   Antoine; Glachant,   Matthieu; Hascic,   Ivan; Johnstone,   Nick; Meniere,   Yann.
Accelerating the development of less GHG intensive technologies and promoting their global diffusion - in particular in fast-growing emerging economies - is imperative in achieving the transition to a low-carbon economy. Consequently, technology is at the core of current discussions about the post-Kyoto regime. The purpose of this study is to fuel this discussion by providing an in-depth analysis of the geographic distribution of climate mitigation inventions since 1978 and their international diffusion on a global scale. We use the EPO/OECD World Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) which includes patents from 81 national and international patent offices. Note that the Least Developed Countries patent a negligible number of inventions, meaning that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation Technologies; Patent Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54361

Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Research on environmental regulation’s effects on economic activity has largely focused on manufacturing, ignoring one of the major polluters in the U.S. – commercial agriculture.  As livestock production has become increasingly mobile, regulation has become an important criterion in firm location.  This article extends the literature on environmental regulation’s economic effects to commercial agriculture by exploiting a series of regulations adopted in North Carolina in the 1990s.  During this time, the state’s hog production more than tripled as a consequence of welcoming state legislation.  This sudden growth creates an opportunity to study how environmental regulation affects the location of economic activity, the externality costs of legislation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Externality; Regulation; Public health; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46591

Insecticide Use and Crop Selection: A South Dakota Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Tia Michelle; Keating,   Ariel Ruth; Fausti,   Scott W.; Li,   Jing; Lundgren,   Jonathan G.; Catangui,   Mike.
South Dakota has recently experienced a significant increase in the proportion of acres treated with insecticide. Unfortunately, data on insecticide usage by crop at the county level is not available. The following case study seeks to uncover the reasons for this increase by analyzing county-level data in South Dakota with a fixed effects panel regression. The study links the proportion of acres planted for a specific crop to the proportion of total acres treated with insecticide. This approach provides insight on how changing cropping patterns in South Dakota have influenced insecticide use.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Insecticides; Genetically Modified Organism; Target pests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91991

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

Crop Choice, Non-Target Pest Levels, Yield Loss and Their Effect on Insecticide Use in South Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Tia Michelle; Keating,   Ariel Ruth; Fausti,   Scott W.; Li,   Jing; Lundgren,   Jonathan G.
Agriculturally, South Dakota is a unique state possessing the highest rate of adoption for genetically modified crop varieties.  In 2009 ninety-six percent of corn acres planted in South Dakota were genetically modified compared with eighty-five percent nationally (Economic Research Service).  Additionally, South Dakota has seen a dramatic increase in the number of acres treated with insecticide over the past 20 years.  These two situations taken together seem to be counterintuitive.  Some genetically modified varieties, such as Bt corn, are equipped with genetic defenses so that they can protect the plant from target pests.  Intuitively, one would expect to see a decrease in insecticide use as adoption of genetically modified varieties increase.  Recent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt corn; GM crops; Insecticide; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q1; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61427

A Case Study of an NGOs Ecotourism Efforts: Findings Based on a Survey of Visitors to its Tropical Nature Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article outlines the efforts of a small NGO, the Mareeba Wetland Foundation, to conserve nature and conduct tourism at its Mareeba Tropical Savanna Wetland Reserve in northern Queensland. It provides background about the establishment of the reserve and its nature and draws on the results from a survey of visitors to this reserve. It provides a socio-economic profile of visitors, their frequency of visits to it and their knowledge of it prior to visiting. This knowledge is found, on the whole, to be poor. The way in which visitors decided to visit the reserve is also considered as are indicators of the economic surplus obtained from visits. Because for most visitors their visit was an experiential good, doubts are raised about the traditional method...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation NGOs; Consumers’ surplus; Ecotourism; Experiential goods; Mareeba Tropical Savanna and Wetland Reserve; Mareeba Wetlands Foundation; National parks; Public economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q2; Q5; L83; H30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93403

Farmers’ Adoption of Extensive Wheat Production - Determinants and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finger,   Robert; El Benni,   Nadja.
Using FADN data, we analyse farmers’ adoption decisions with respect to extensive wheat production, which is supported in Switzerland since 1992 with an ecological direct payment scheme. It shows that first year adoption was mainly characterized by free-riding effects. In particular small farms with low levels of input use and wheat yields adopted extensive wheat production. If later adoption phases are included, these differences in farm size between adopters and non-adopters vanish. However, the level of wheat yields is still an important adoption determinant. Less intensive producing farms (with lower yield levels) are much more likely to adopt extensive wheat production. In contrast, more intensively producing farms, i.e. those farms that may actually...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Extensive wheat production; Agri-environmental programme; Adoption analysis; Switzerland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98979

Bid Design and its Influence on the Stated Willingness to Pay in a Contingent Valuation Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carmona-Torres,   Carmen; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier.
The CV method estimate the monetary value that specific changes in the provision of goods and services represent for society, which is asked for their Willingness To Pay (WTP) for it, according to their budget and individual preferences, in a survey. The applications of CV are a source of information to important public decision-making. Therefore, it seems to be a desirable objective for a CV study to strive to detect and reduce, as far as possible, the bias affecting the elicited values. In the present work, the starting point bias in an application to the case study of the conservation of the Iberian Lynx in Spain is analyzed. This bias is caused by the potential influence of the bid values offered to the interviewees on their stated preferences. Three...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Starting point bias; Bid design; Dichotomous choice; Openended question; Iberian Lynx; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H4; Q2; Q5; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25367

Abatement Cost Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Selection under a Stringent Climate Policy.  A Dynamic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper investigates the relative economic and environmental outcomes of price versus quantity mechanisms to control GHG emissions when abatement costs are uncertain. In particular, we evaluate the impacts on policy costs, CO2 emissions and energy R&amp;D for a stringent mitigation target of 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent (i.e. 450 for CO2 only) concentrations. The analysis is performed in an optimal growth framework via Monte Carlo simulations of the integrated assessment model WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid). Results indicate that the price instrument stochastically dominates the quantity instrument when a stringent stabilization policy is in place.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Abatement Costs; Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; C6; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6383

The Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Productivity, Costs, and Returns of U.S. Dairy Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Climate change could affect the costs and returns of livestock production by altering the thermal environment of animals thereby affecting animal health, reproduction, and the efficiency by which livestock convert feed into retained products (especially meat and milk).  In the United States, concentrated livestock operations are located in a variety of climatic regions, suggesting that the industry could adapt to future changes in temperature and weather patterns resulting from global warming.   However, this adaption could be costly.  We use nationally representative data on dairy producers coupled with finely-scaled climate data to empirically examine how producers’ costs, returns, and production systems vary across U.S. regions as a function of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Dairy; Temperature humidity index; Economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103461

Disaster Risk, Social Vulnerability and Economic Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Patrick S.; Shively,   Gerald E.
We examine the extent to which economic development reduces both a country's disaster risk and its social vulnerability to climate-related disasters.  Global climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and various types of storms.  Moreover, the effects of these extreme weather events are expected to be borne disproportionately in areas of the world already challenged by underdevelopment.  We find that the ability of economic development to reduce disaster risk depends on a country's income level; additional income becomes less effective in reducing disaster risk as countries become wealthier.  We find that, conditional on a disaster occurring, higher incomes generally reduce a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural disasters; Climate change; Economic development; Vulnerability; International Development; Political Economy; I3; Q5; O2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102984

Counterfactual approach for assessing agri-environmental policy: The case of the Finnish water protection policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
This paper applies counterfactual approach to assess the impacts of agri-environmental programs. Counterfactual analysis evaluates policies answering questions: what would have happened if...? We develop a theoretical framework for counterfactual analysis based on the inter-linkages between the behaviour of agents and the response of environmental systems to the economic decisions. We apply our model to assess the performance of the Finnish Agri- Environmental Programme to reduce agricultural nutrient runoff to the Baltic Sea. Counterfactual analysis allows us to determine both the unit effectiveness of the measures included in the Programme and its preventive impact. We demonstrate that the Finnish Agri- Environmental Programme does not achieve its goals,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy evaluation; Counterfactual analysis; Nutrient runoff; The Baltic Sea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q5; H23; H43.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98993

“Mitigation, Adaptation, Suffering”: In Search of the Right Mix in the Face of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tulkens,   Henry; van Steenberghe,   Vincent.
The usually assumed two categories of costs involved in climate change policy analysis, namely abatement and damage costs, hide the presence of a third category, namely adaptation costs. This dodges the determination of an appropriate level for them. Including adaptation costs explicitly in the total environmental cost function allows one to characterize the optimal (cost minimizing) balance between the three categories, in statics as well as in dynamics. Implications are derived for cost benefit analysis of adaptation expenditures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Adaptation; Suffering; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; H0.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54352

POWDERY MILDEW RISK AND FORECASTING IN WINE GRAPES: DO GROWERS CHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN RESPONSE TO DISEASE FORECASTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Magnan,   Nicholas; Gubler,   W. Douglas.
How and how well growers manage the risks inherent in agriculture has direct welfare implications for producers and consumers at both local and societal levels. While better weather, pest and disease forecast information are rapidly disseminating among producers and are often touted as promising inputs to production and risk management, little is known about how this new information actually shapes producer behavior in practice. We argue that better forecast information can benefit growers and improve their capacity to manage disease and pests effectively, but that we must jointly consider the various margins of adjustment available to growers in order to properly understand their response to this improved information. Using the case of California wine...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; D8; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61745

Policy Options form Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Implications for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalf,   Gilbert E.; Reilly,   John M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q5; H2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94504

Local Effects of Hog Production on Farm and Non-Farm Economic Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.; Hertz,   Thomas.
In the past 20 years the average scale of hog operations has expanded more than fourfold, and some of the new large-scale hog feeding operations have been opposed by residents in some communities. While the environmental effects of such production have been relatively well studied, less examined are its potential positive effects on local labor markets and economies.  Existing estimates based on production-function and input-output analysis imply that each additional 1000 hogs in inventory in a county generates between 3 and 7 local jobs.  In this paper we adopt an econometric approach instead, to estimate the effects of changes in hog production on changes in both farm and non-farm outcomes. We find that total county employment increases by less than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Employment; Income; Hogs; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61463

Core Issues in the Economics of Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Critically reviews the following core issues in the economics of biodiversity conservation: reliance on the stated preferences of individuals as a guide to biodiversity conservation, the relevance of the phylogenetic similarity principle (and other attributes of organisms) for the survival of species; the implications of the Noah’s ark problem for selecting features of biodiversity to be saved and the difficulties raised by criteria based on safe minimum populations of species or on minimum environmental standards; the extent to which the precautionary principle can be rationally used to support the conservation of biodiversity; the impact of market extensions and globalization, as well as market and other institutional failures, on biodiversity loss; the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Economic valuation; Intergenerational equity; Phylogenetic similarity principle; Precautionary principle; Sustainable development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92772

Bush Meets Hotelling: Effects of Improved Renewable Energy Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoel,   Michael.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Exhaustible Resources; Renewable Energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q42; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47175

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies In Italy. An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra.
In this paper, the economic value of the impacts of climate change is assessed for different Italian economic sectors and regions. Sectoral and regional impacts are then aggregated to provide a macroeconomic estimate of variations in GDP induced by climate change in the next decades. Autonomous adaptation induced by changes in relative prices and in stocks of natural and economic resources is fully taken into account. The model also considers international trade effects. Results show that in Italy aggregate GDP losses induced by climate change are likely to be small. However, some economic sectors (e.g. tourism) and the alpine regions will suffer significant economic damages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impacts; Climate Change; Adaptation; GDP Losses; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q43; Q5; R13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6373

Cooperation, Spatial-Dynamic Externalities, and Invasive Species Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epanchin-Niell,   Rebecca S.; Wilen,   James E.
Most terrestrial biological invasions occur in landscapes comprising numerous, independently managed properties. Thus, control of invasion spread generally depends on the choices of many managers, each deciding the extent to control invasions on their property. Here we develop a spatially-explicit, integrated model of invasion spread and human behavior to examine how people’s control choices under laissez-faire affect patterns of invasion spread and the total costs and damages imposed by an invader. We evaluate how characteristics of the bioeconomic and social system, including the extent of cooperation among managers, affect the divergence between socially optimal and private control efforts. We find that system-wide invasion externalities generally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Cross-boundary; Coordination; Spatial-dynamic processes; Spatial spread; Eradication; Containment; Negotiation; Optimal control; Cooperative management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q; Q1; Q2; Q5; H4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61371

Designing Carbon Taxation Schemes for Automobiles: A Simulation Exercise for Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamou,   Adamos; Clerides,   Sofronis; Zachariadis,   Theodoros.
Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions is increasingly being adopted worldwide in order to shift consumer purchases to low-carbon cars, yet little is known about the effectiveness and overall economic impact of these schemes. We focus on feebate schemes, which impose a fee on high-carbon vehicles and give a rebate to purchasers of low-carbon automobiles.  e estimate a discrete choice model of demand for automobiles in Germany and simulate the impact of alternative feebate schemes on emissions, consumer welfare, public revenues and firm profits. The analysis shows that a well-designed scheme can lead to emission reductions without reducing overall welfare.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 emissions; German Automobile Market; Feebates; Carbon Taxation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120047

Participatory Modelling and Decision Support for Natural Resources Management in Climate Change Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo; Mysiak,   Jaroslav; Sgobbi,   Alessandra.
The ever greater role given to public participation by laws and regulations, in particular in the field of environmental management calls for new operational methods and tools for managers and practitioners. This paper analyses the potentials and the critical limitations of current approaches in the fields of simulation modelling (SM), public participation (PP) and decision analysis (DA), for natural resources management within the context of climate change research. The potential synergies of combining SM, PP and DA into an integrated methodological framework are identified and a methodological proposal is presented, called NetSyMoD (Network Analysis – Creative System Modelling – Decision Support), which aims at facilitating the involvement of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modelling; Public Participation; Natural Resource Management; Policy; Decision-Making; Governance; DSS; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6375

Traditional Representations of the Natural Environment and Biodiversity Conservation: Sacred Groves in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarfo-Mensah,   Paul; Oduro,   William; Antoh Fredua,   Ernestina; Amisah,   Stephen.
Local cosmologies and traditional perceptions of the natural environment, especially forests, have been a major influence in the management of the natural resources and biodiversity amongst rural communities in the transitional zone of Ghana. Sacred groves, which are typical outputs of traditional conservation practices, derive from indigenous religious beliefs and perceptions of forest. Sacred groves are believed to be the abode of local gods, ancestral spirits and other super natural beings. These beliefs and perceptions have in the past strongly supported the conservation of biodiversity. However, changes in local cosmologies threaten the protection of rare species, habitats and ecological processes. Data from the study confirm evidence from several...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sacred Grove; Cultural Artefact; Communal Resource; Degradation; Sustainability and Biodiversity; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92787

Input Price Risk and the Adoption of Conservation Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schoengold,   Karina; Sunding,   David L.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/12/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price risk; Technology adoption; Matching; Propensity score; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103857

Impactos econômicos e ambientais decorrentes do estado de conservação das rodovias brasileiras: um estudo de caso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartholomeu,   Daniela Bacchi; Caixeta Filho,   Jose Vicente.
This article evaluates economic and environmental impacts of Brazilian highway conditions. The economic benefits evaluated were: diesel consumption, travel time and vehicle maintenance; the environmental benefits evaluated were the reduction on negative externalities related to decrease on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Primary computer collected data related to the trucks performances on highways with different infrastructure conditions. The data were derived from 20 trips over 2 routes, each route representative of one of two highway conditions: better or worse (Campo Grande to Santos, and Rondonópolis to Campo Grande). The results had confirmed economics and environmental benefits resulting from travel over the better routes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Transporte rodoviário de cargas; Benefícios econômicos; Benefícios ambientais; Emissões de CO2; Agribusiness; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61232

Environmental Policy, Education and Growth with Finite Lifetime: the Role of Abatement Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This note shows that the assumptions about the abatement technology modify the impact of the environmental taxation (both the size and the “direction”) on the long-run growth driven by human capital accumulation à la Lucas (1988), when the source of pollution is private consumption and lifetime is finite. When the human capital’s share in the abatement services production is higher (respectively lower) than in the final output production, a higher environmental tax reduces (resp. increases) the allocation of human capital in production sectors (abatement service and final output) and boostes (resp. decreases) the BGP rate of growth. When abatement services are produced with the final output, the environmental taxation does not influence growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human capital; Finite Lifetime; Abatement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91003

Is Posner's  Principle of Justice an Adequate Basis for Environmental Law?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Posner adopted the economic principle of wealth maximization as a guiding principle for the dispensation of justice. This resulted in his endorsing the Kaldor-Hicks principle (also known as the potential Paretian improvement principle) as a basis for just laws. This article explores whether this principle is an adequate basis for environmental law. As can be deduced from Fleming, the legal approach adopted by Posner is by no means new because early British tort law was applied in a manner intended to foster economic growth. Nevertheless, the wealth maximization principle is not adequate as a basis for just environmental laws because for one thing it ignores questions involving changes in income distribution. Consequently, Rawls’ principle of justice is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coase theorem; Law and economics; Posner’s principle of justice; Principles of justice; Property rights; Rawls’ principle of justice; Tort law; Welfare economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; K; K1. K11. K13; K32; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55337

The Welfare Effects of Environmental Taxation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaeger,   William K.
Recent literature has investigated whether the welfare gains from environmental taxation are larger or smaller in a second-best setting than in a first-best setting. This question has mainly been addressed indirectly, by asking whether the second-best optimal environmental tax is higher or lower than the first-best Pigouvian rate. Even this indirect question, though, has itself been approached indirectly, comparing the second-best optimal environmental tax to a proxy for its first-best value, an expression for marginal social damage (MSD). On closer examination, however, MSD becomes ambiguously defined and variable in a second-best setting, making it an unreliable proxy for the first-best Pigouvian rate. With these concerns in mind, the current analysis...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal Environmental Tax; Second-best; Double Dividend; Tax Interaction Effect; Revenue Recycling; Tax Base Effect; Pigouvian Rate; Excess Burden; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50358

Civil Liability, Safety and Nuclear Parks: Is Concentrated Management Better?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
Ultra-hazardous risky activities as nuclear industry cannot be considered as “normal industries” i.e. industries without abnormal environmental and health risks. Consequently, the industrial organization of these specific sectors is of the utmost importance. This paper aims at studying this question. We focus on the associated costs of prevention and civil liability. We analyze how civil liability rules may contribute to extend or to discourage the expansion of nuclear parks to new operators. The paper compares the consequences of extending the management of nuclear stations to several independent operators. This question can apply to the unification process of the European electricity market in which several public and private nuclear power operators are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict Liability; Electric Energy; Nuclear Plants; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58; Q53; K23; L13; L52; L94.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102571

Canada's Domestic Carbon Emission and Trading Institution: Rules, Workability, and the Role of Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomassin,   Paul J.
When Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2002, the country committed to decrease its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 6% below its 1990 level. It is estimated that this commitment will require Canada to decrease emissions by 270 megatonnes (Mt) per year during the first commitment period 2008 to 2012. Carbon emission trading institutions have been identified, both internationally and domestically, as being a cost effective mechanism for supplying carbon emission reductions. The paper investigates two alternative mechanisms that can be used to allocate carbon and the potential development of the carbon offset credit market. The offset market could be important for the agriculture and forestry sectors, since these sectors have the potential to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; K2; Q13; Q1; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25543

Effects of Clean Water Act Regulations on Firm-Level Decisions in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.; Key,   Nigel D.
U.S. environmental regulations often vary by the size of the operation, with larger operations facing more regulatory stringency.  When the size distribution of firms is heavily skewed, regulation size thresholds can reduce transaction costs for regulatory agencies while bringing most production within a regulatory framework.  However, size-based regulation may have unintended consequences if operations downsize, slow their growth, or enter at a smaller size in order to avoid regulation.  These unintended consequences from regulation may include less pollution abatement and diminished economic efficiency.  In this study we examine recently revised Clean Water Act (CWA) regulations targeting large-scale livestock operations to identify and quantify farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Clean Water Act; Growth; Regulation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61461

Community-based Adaptation: Lessons from the Development Marketplace 2009 on Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heltberg,   Rasmus; Prabhu,   Radhika; Gitay,   Habiba.
The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. Our findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community-based Adaptation; Development Marketplace; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92711

Health-enhancing Activities and the Environment: How Competition for Resources makes the Environmental Policy Beneficial
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
In a two-period overlapping generations model, this paper demonstrates that the relationship between the environmental taxation and the economic activity (level- and growth-output) becomes inverted-U shaped, when the detrimental impact of pollution on health and the private decision of each working-age agent to improve her health are taken into account. Especially, a tighter environmental tax is more likely to promote (rather than to harm) output-level and –growth when health is very sensitive to pollution, the weight of health in preferences is high, the polluting capacity of the production technology is high and the rate of natural purification of pollutants is low. The inverted-U shaped relationship between the environmental tax and the economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Health; Overlapping Generations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55832

NORMS, SELF-SANCTIONING, AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PUBLIC GOOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Interis,   Matthew G.; Haab,   Timothy C.
The relationship between norms, self-sanctioning, and people’s decisions about contributing to public goods is complex and often misunderstood in the public goods literature.  We develop a model in which individuals hold an injunctive norm indicating how much they believe one should contribute to the public good.  From the model we derive the following testable hypotheses: an increase in one’s perception of the norm level of contribution to the public good (1) induces negative self-sanctioning and (2) will lead one to contribute more to the public good, and (3) that contributing to the public good induces positive self-sanctioning.  To test these hypotheses, we elicit stated preferences for contributions to an organization which offsets carbon emissions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Norms; Sanctioning; Image; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; H4; Q5; D0.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55964

Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean: Legal and Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil; Arnold,   S.; Cassinelli,   Mariaester; Taylor,   Tim J.
This paper examines existing measures taken to protect the coastal zones of the Mediterranean Sea and assesses their success. A summary of the main pressures facing these zones is given, followed by an analysis of the legislation covering coastal zone development in ten countries: Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, Malta, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. We find that not all of these states have legislation specifically covering coastal zones, but there is concern in all areas that the legislation is not working, We also look at the costs and benefits of controlling coastal development. Firstly, a literature review of valuation studies identifies a range of values placed on developed and undeveloped coastline for both users and local property...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coastal Zone Management; Legislation; Littoral; Mediterranean; Recreation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54290

Weather Vulnerability, Climate Change, and Food Security in Mt. Kilimanjaro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muamba,   Francis; Kraybill,   David S.
This study estimates the impact of rainfall variation on livelihood in Mt. Kilimanjaro using the Ricardian approach to capture farmers’ adaptation strategies to cope with climate change risks. The data for the analysis were gathered from a random sample of over 200 households in 15 villages and precipitation from rainfall observation posts placed in each of the surveyed villages. The precipitation data provide information on the effect of moisture at critical months in the growing season. Due to prevalence of intercropping among local farmers, the present study develops a multivariate model that assumes endogeneity between crop yields.  Doing so allows the study to capture adaptation strategies that smallholders use by diversifying farm portfolio. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Precipitation Variability; Food Security; Irrigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61655

The Clean Development Mechanism and the International Diffusion of Technologies: An Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dechezlepretre,   Antoine; Glachant,   Matthieu; Meniere,   Yann.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North-South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a unique data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower – albeit positive – impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; Clean Development Mechanism; International Technology Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6920

Abatement Technology and the Environment-Growth Nexus with Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This article challenges the conventional result that a tighter environmental tax has no long-run effect on human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final output production. It demonstrates that the technology used in the abatement sector determines the existence and the direction of the growth-effect. A tighter environmental tax rises (respectively reduces) human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final production, if the abatement sector is relatively more intensive in human (resp. physical) capital than final sector. That result always holds for finite lifetime but for infinite lifetime it only holds when labor supply is endogenous. The transitional impact of a tighter environmental policy is also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human Capital; Abatement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101379

Carbon Emissions, Renewable Electricity and Profits:   Comparing Alternative Policies to Promote Anaerobic Digesters on Dairies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Biogas recovery systems that use methane from manure to generate electricity have not been widely adopted in U.S. mainly because the costs of constructing and maintaining these systems have exceeded the value of the benefits provided.  Climate change mitigation and renewable energy policies could increase profits for the operators of such systems thereby making digester adoption more widespread.  For the U.S. Dairy sector, we examine digester adoption rates, emissions reductions, net returns, electricity generation, and program costs under different policy scenarios.  We find that 3% or fewer dairies would need to adopt digesters to meet the policy goals of reducing 25% of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy manure or generating one million megawatt hours...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Methane; Dairy; Renewable electricity; Subsidy; Carbon offsets; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103440

On the Productive Value of Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
The paper investigates the value of biodiversity as it relates to the productive value of services provided by an ecosystem. It analyzes how the value of an ecosystem can be "greater than the sum of its parts." First, it proposes a general measure of the value of biodiversity. Second, this measure is decomposed into four components, reflecting the role of complementarity, scale, convexity, and catalytic effects. This provides new information on the sources and determinants of biodiversity value. Third, the paper examines the role of uncertainty. In this context, the role of risk and of downside-risk exposure and their effects on the value of biodiversity are explored. This provides useful insights on how management and policy decisions can affect the value...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Productive value; Complementarity; Scale; Convexity; Catalytic effect; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; D6; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21280