Consulta: subjectFacets:"Q52"
Registros recuperados: 53
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 07:06:16

The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Tipping Points, Uncertainty and Weak Identification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Jean-Thomas; Gavin,   Michael; Khalaf,   Lynda; Voia,   Marcel.
We consider an empirical estimation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide and sulphur, with a focus on confidence set estimation of the tipping point. Various econometric – parametric and nonparametric – methods are considered, reflecting the implications of persistence, endogeneity, the necessity of breaking down our panel regionally, and the small number of countries within each panel. In particular, we propose an inference method that corrects for potential weak-identification of the tipping point. Weak identification may occur if the true EKC is linear while a quadratic income term is nevertheless imposed into the estimated equation. Relevant literature to date confirms that non-linearity of the EKC is indeed not granted, which...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Fieller method; Delta method; CO2 and SO2 emissions; Confidence set; Tipping point; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C52; Q51; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119109

New Regulations Governing Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations Require New Solutions: Discussion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Ronald A.; Thomas,   Michael H.
This paper discusses the three invited papers presented in the session titled “New Regulations Require New Solutions:  Federal Provisions Governing Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations” (i.e., CAFOs).  These papers provide an excellent review of current state and federal laws and an excellent summary of what has been and is currently being done with respect to CAFO regulation.  The papers present three different policy approaches: i) alternative performance standards, ii) location-specific regulation, and iii) insurance-based underwriting of CAFO discharges.  Each approach has its drawbacks; however, blending theses suggested policies into current regulations would result in efficiency gains.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternative performance standards; Animal Feeding Operations; Confined Animal Feeding Operations; Environmental quality; Insurance; Livestock; Manure management; Market-based incentives; Regulation; Spatial regulation; D81; K32; Q52; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43349

Multiplicadores domésticos “SAMEA” en un modelo multisectorial económico y ambiental de España
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morilla,   Carmen R.; Cardenete,   Manuel Alejandro; Llanes,   Gaspar.
En este trabajo se realiza una aplicación de los denominados sistemas híbridos, donde se integra información de distinta naturaleza (en este caso, económica, social y medioambiental Para ello se elabora una matriz de contabilidad social y medioambiental (SAMEA) de España para el año 2000, aplicada al recurso agua y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, estimada a partir de datos oficiales del INE. Este sistema se utiliza como pieza central de un modelo multisectorial del funcionamiento económico y medioambiental y se calculan los “multiplicadores domésticos SAMEA”. Estos multiplicadores muestran los efectos de las diferentes actividades en la producción total de la economía y en el deterioro medioambiental.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Modelos Input-Output; Evaluación de efectos medioambientales; Emisiones contaminantes; Cuentas ambientales; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; Q51; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57283

Afforestation and Timber Management Compliance Strategies in Climate Policy. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Nunes Rosa,   Renato.
This paper analyzes the role of afforestation-reforestation and timber management activities, and their major and secondary economic effects in stabilizing climate during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, with a Computable General Equilibrium framework, the ICES model, it is inferred how forest carbon sequestration fits within the European domestic portfolio of a 2020-20 and 2020-30 climate stabilization policy. Afforestation and land use are accounted for by introducing their effects in the model. This is done by relying on carbon sequestration curves provided by Sohngen (2005), which describe the average annual cost of sequestration for selected world regions. Results show that afforestation and timber management could...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q24; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99641

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels.  This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions.  We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent.  Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios.  At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon market; Climate change; Innovation; Mitigation; Policy costs; Offsets; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD); Technological change; Tropical deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q42; Q52; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52544

How a National Carbon Policy Could Affect Grain Variety Selection:  The Case of Rice in Arkansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McFadden,   Brandon R.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.
This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of carbon emissions and estimates the carbon sequestered in 14 commonly sown rice varieties across the Arkansas Delta.  Given the uncertainty regarding future carbon legislation, and increased consumer and industry demand for “greener” products, this study estimates how potential carbon policies would affect rice cultivar selection Hybrid rice varieties, given their higher yield and higher yield per unit of green house gas (GHG) emission, are better positioned to take advantage of any increase in consumer demand for “greener” products and/or absorb any government policy better than conventional rice cultivars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Carbon Policy; Cap and Trade; Carbon Offset; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97827

Nitrate Pollution Control Policy and Its Impact on Farms' Performance: A Nonparametric Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Piot-Lepetit,   Isabelle; le Moing,   Monique.
The purpose of this paper is to develop models with an individual and a collective management of the European Nitrate directive. The objective is to compare productive efficiency of farms under the two regimes. First, we develop a model that explicitly integrate the individual constraint on organic manure spreading. The individual threshold is introduced as a productive right. Then, we develop a framework that allows for modelling exchange of productive rights among producers. The simulation of a management of the spreading constrainst on organic manure at the regional level give an estimate of the potential gains that can be realised by allowing a collective maagement of the European environmental regulation. Models are based on a nonparametric frontier...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Manure management; Pig farming; Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D21; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19458

Evaluacion de impactos ambientales derivados de estrategias de restauracion a traves de las decisiones de jurados de ciudadanos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvarez-Farizo,   Begona; Gil,   Jose Maria; Howard,   B.J.
En los últimos años hemos asistido a una serie de vertidos contaminantes que han afectado tanto a espacios naturales como a áreas urbanas, industriales y rurales. Para mitigar sus efectos se hace necesaria una gestión integrada de las áreas productivas y naturales. Sin embargo, para que esta gestión sea eficaz es necesario considerar no sólo los efectos de las posibles medidas sobre la salud o los efectos biofísicos sobre el ambiente sino también la respuesta de los individuos a estos cambios. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en la evaluación de los potenciales impactos, tanto ambientales como sociales, que se pueden derivar de las estrategias de restauración por vertidos. El enfoque adoptado se basa en la realización de un experimento de elección...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Q53; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28787

The Potential Cost to New Zealand Dairy Farmers from the Introduction of Nitrate-Based Stocking Rate Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neal,   Mark; Fulkerson,   William; Levy,   Gil; Wastney,   Meryl; Thorrold,   Bruce S.; Palliser,   Chris; Beukes,   Pierre; Folkers,   Chris.
Introducing a stocking rate restriction is one possible course of action for regulators to improve water quality where it is affected by nitrate pollution. To determine the impact of a stocking rate restriction on a range of New Zealand dairy farms, a whole-farm model was optimised with and without a maximum stocking rate of 2.5 cows per hectare. Three farm systems, which differ by their level of feed-related capital, were examined for the changes to the optimal stocking rate and optimal level of animal milk production genetics when utility was maximised. The whole-farm model was optimised through the use of an evolutionary algorithm called differential evolution. The introduction of a stocking rate restriction would have a very large impact on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Dairy farms; Whole-farm model; Evolutionary algorithm; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q52; C61.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25620

Estimating the Marginal Costs of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Abatement using Irish Farm-Level Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breen,   James P.; Donellan,   Trevor.
Agriculture in Ireland accounts for a higher proportion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than in any other EU member state. Furthermore as part of the EU’s commitment to reduce emissions by 20 percent by 2020, Ireland is one of the few countries who will have to cuts its 2005 GHG emissions level by the full 20 percent. Given the magnitude of the cut in national emissions that is required and the size of agriculture’s contribution to Ireland’s total emissions, the agriculture sector has been identified by some parties as a sector that could make a significant contribution to achieving the national target. In order to evaluate the impact on Irish farmers of reducing GHG emissions it is necessary to first estimate the marginal cost of emissions abatement....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Farm-Level; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Marginal Abatement Cost Curve; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q52.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50938

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE 2003 CAP REFORM AND THE NITRATE DIRECTIVE ON THE ARABLE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE MIDI-PYRÉNÉES REGION: BIO-ECONOMIC MODELING AT FIELD, FARM AND REGIONAL LEVELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louhichi,   Kamel; Belhouchette,   Hatem; Wery,   Jacques; Therond,   Olivier; Flichman,   Guillermo.
This paper analyses the impact of the 2003 CAP reform (the so-called Fischler Reform) and its interaction with the Nitrate Directive on the sustainability of selected arable farming systems in a French region (Midi-Pyrénées). The Nitrate Directive is one of the oldest EU environmental programs designed to reduce water pollution by nitrate from agricultural sources, through a set of measures, defined at regional level, and mandatory for farmers of vulnerable zones. This impact analysis is performed through a bio-economic modelling framework coupling the crop model CropSyst and the farm-based model FSSIM developed, within the EU FP6 SEAMLESS project (Van Ittersum et al., 2008). The 2003 CAP reform was compared first to the continuation of Agenda 2000...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Agricultural Policy; Nitrate Directive; Bioeconomic modelling; Multi-scale analysis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44826

An Interpretative Model of Aquaculture Multifunctionality: A Methodological Framework Definition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Blasi,   Giuseppe; Acciani,   Claudio; De Boni,   A.; Roma,   R.
International trade agreements and the new EU CAP targets require the definition of a new type of subsidy, depending on the non-market functions provided by production activities.  The aim of the research project reported in this paper is to find a model to reward multifunctionality of aquaculture, defining all the positive externalities it involves and trying to calculate a monetary value for each of these.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Bioeconomics; Distributional Effects; Ecological Economics; Water Pollution; Livestock Production/Industries; P28; Q52; Q53; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56002

Essays on Regional Differences in Time Preferences and Attachment to Place
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yi,   Dale.
Data from a national telephone survey of working-aged adults in the continental US is combined with US Census 2000 data to explore the determinants of attachment to place and time preferences for jobs, natural amenities, and financial assets. Five regions in the US were delineated so that regional differences in the determinants of the dependent variables of interest could be parsed out. The regions are the Great Plains, Borderlands, Appalachia, the Plantation Belt, and the rest of the continental US.  The first essay that explores time preferences for jobs, natural amenities, and money. Each was embedded with a ten percent rate of return. In aggregate, the nation as a whole demonstrated that the discount rate for jobs, natural amenities, and financial...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Great Plains; Migration; Time preference; Survey; Community attachment; Social capital; Natural amenity; Economic development; Community; Census; Zip code; Policy; Native American; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; R23; R53; R58; Q51; Q52; O13; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56009

Voluntary Pollution Abatement and Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Michael S.; Khanna,   Neha.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Altruism; Voluntary Pollution Abatement; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; K32.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103886

Dynamic Interaction between Economic Indicators and SO2 Emission in U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Man-Keun; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Energy Use; Vector Autoregression; Historical Decomposition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103239

Producer Preference for Land-Based Biological Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: An Economic Inquiry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Koo,   Won W.
This study was intended to develop an understanding of producer preference for land-based carbon sequestration in agriculture. We conducted a mail survey to elicit producer choice to provide marketable carbon offsets by participating in different carbon credit programs characterized by varying practices. Based on a quantitative analysis, we found that: 1) the market price for carbon offsets could increase producer participation in carbon sequestration; 2) producers perceived differentially different but correlated private costs for adopting carbon sequestering practices, depending on production attributes; and 3) relatively high carbon prices would be needed to stimulate producer provision of carbon offsets by land-based carbon sequestration activities. A...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Carbon sequestration; Producer stated preferences; Agriculture; Economics; Carbon offsets; Carbon markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104512

Assessing the Risk of Oil Spills in the Mediterranean: the Case of the Route from the Black Sea to Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigano,   Andrea; Sheehan,   Paul.
Recent major spills on European coasts have highlighted the primary policy relevance for the EU of oil spills. This paper assesses the risks related to carrying oil to the EU along the route from the Russian Black Sea coast to Sicily, Italy (one of the most congested and strategically relevant European import routes). We develop a methodology based on Fault Tree Analysis, and we apply it to the most likely causes of an oil spill. We couple the resulting probabilities with data on expected spill size, types of oil carried and cleanup costs, to estimate expected costs for cleanup and loss of cargo. The route analysed appears to be a risky one; there is a “high” to “very high” risk of a spill along this route. The Turkish Straits turn out to be the major...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil spills; Cleanup costs; Risk analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q51; Q52; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12112

Selective vs. Broad-Spectrum Pesticides: When Do Private Decisions Differ from Socially Optimal Decisions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grogan,   Kelly A.; Goodhue,   Rachael E.
This paper examines the spatial externalities of conventional and organic pest control methods to determine if, and how, the two types affect each other. These interactions make the problem more complicated than the usual analysis of a single externality. The numerical simulation model includes one organically managed and one conventionally managed field. One pest and one predator of the pest move between the two fields over five seasons. In each season, the conventional grower has the option of applying a broad-spectrum pesticide that kills the predator a selective pesticide that has no adverse effects on the predator but is either more expensive or less effective than the broad-spectrum pesticide. The organic grower can apply an organic pesticide,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial-dynamic games; Spatial externalities; Non-cooperative games; Organic agriculture; Biological control; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C72; Q18; Q52; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103760

The Political economy of environmental policy with overlapping generations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Rezai,   Amon.
A two-sector OLG model illuminates previously unexamined intergenerational effects of a tax that protects an environmental stock. A traded asset capitalizes the economic returns to future tax-induced environmental improvements, benefiting the current asset owners, the old generation. Absent a transfer, the tax harms the young generation by decreasing their real wage. Future generations benefit from the tax-induced improvement in environmental stock. The principal  intergenerational conflict arising from public policy is between generations alive at the time society imposes the policy, not between generations alive at different times. A Pareto-improving policy can be implemented under various political economy settings.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Open-access resource; Two-sector overlapping generations; Resource tax; Generational conflict; Environmental policy; Dynamic bargaining; Markov perfection; Environmental Economics and Policy; E24; H23; Q20; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123718

Simulating a Market for Tradable Greenhouse Gas Emissions Permits amongst Irish Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breen,   James P.
Research into Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from Irish agriculture has focused on two main themes (i) projecting future emission levels and (ii) devising abatement strategies at the farm level such as changes in animal diet, better waste management and or changes in farm management practices. These abatement strategies will have costs associated with them some of which, such as capital investment or reducing livestock numbers, may be substantial. However  economic theory indicates that market  based solutions such as tradable emissions permits (TEP’s) are the least cost means of achieving desired reductions in emissions. To date within Europe a regulatory approach has been favoured when trying to curtail emissions from agriculture, the Nitrates Directive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm level modelling; Greenhouse gas emissions; Tradable emissions permits; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36770

Results from the Farm Behaviour Component of the Integrated Economic-Hydrologic Model for the Watershed Evaluation of Beneficial Management Practices Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boxall,   Peter C.; Weber,   Marian; Perger,   Orsolya; Cutlac,   Marius; Samarawickrema,   Antony.
This report summarizes preliminary results from the Farm Behavior component of the South Tobacco Creek Integrated Modeling Project (STC Project) which is being undertaken as part of the Watershed Evaluation of BMPs (WEBs) Program. WEBS is a partnership between Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and Ducks Unlimited Canada (DUC) established to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of BMPs for water quality at the watershed scale. Water draining from South Tobacco Creek eventually enters to Lake Winnipeg which is degraded from the cumulative effects of nutrient loading, particularly phosphorous. Many jurisdictions across the world, including Canada, use payments programs to encourage land owners to change land management practices in order...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Watersheds South Tobacco Creek water quality Environmental Economics and Policy Land Economics/Use Resource /Energy Economics and Policy Q12; Q52; D44.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116268

Does geography matter in nutrient abatement? Bioeconomic model of heteregoneus farm nutrient loads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helin,   Janne.
Economists often rely on stylised models for analysis of environmental policies. This study demonstrates that abstracting from soil and topography can have profound effect on marginal abatement costs of nutrient loads. By extending earlier bioeconomic models to represent heterogeneous soils and slopes, it is possible to show that targeting the abatement methods on high load risk areas allows low cost reduction. Ignoring the heterogeneity can lead to significant overestimates of the abatement costs and hence to misleading policy recommendations. The results hold even for relatively Flat areas, such as the watershed of River Kalajoki, for which the model was applied to.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-point source water pollution; Abatement costs; Heterogeneity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q52.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51693

The Incidence of Pollution Control Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Sigman,   Hilary; Walls,   Margaret; Williams,   Roberton C., III.
This paper reviews theoretical and empirical literature on the household distribution of the costs and benefits of pollution control policies, and ways of integrating distributional issues into environmental cost-benefit analysis. Most studies find that policy costs fall disproportionately on poorer groups, though this is less pronounced when lifetime income is used, and policies affect prices of inputs used pervasively across the economy. The policy instrument itself is also critical; freely allocated emission permits may hurt the poor the most, as they transfer income to shareholders via scarcity rents created by higher prices, while emissions taxes offer opportunities for progressive revenue recycling. And although low-income households appear to bear a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distributional incidence; Emissions taxes; Tradable permits; Environmental benefits; Distributional weights; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; H22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10651

Optimal Soil Management and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oueslati,   Walid.
This paper studies the effects of environmental policy on the farmer’s soil optimal management. We consider a dynamic economic model of soil erosion where the intensity use of inputs allows the farmer to control soil losses. Therefore, inputs use induces a pollution which is accentuated by the soil fragility. We show, at the steady state, that environmental tax induces a more conservative farmer behavior for soil, but in some cases it can exacerbates pollution. These effects can be moderated when farmer introduces abatement activity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Pollution; Environmental policy; Optimal soil conservation; Abatement activities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q28; Q52; H23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24533

Efectos distributivos de las compensaciones por inactividad concedidas al sector pesquero afectado por la marea negra del Prestige
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castro,   Daniel Fuentes.
Resumen En el presente trabajo se analizan las ayudas paliativas de primera hora destinadas a compensar la disminución de rentas derivada de la inactividad provocada por la marea negra del Prestige en el sector pesquero y marisquero gallego. En particular se analiza el diseño uniforme de dichas ayudas y sus efectos redistributivos entre los subsectores de actividad afectados. Asimismo se estima el coste total soportado por las administraciones públicas y se muestra cómo una sencilla re-evaluación de las ayudas hubiese permitido ajustar las compensaciones a la realidad económica de cada subsector de actividad afectado, corrigiendo de este modo la notable distorsión en la asignación de los recursos públicos.  Keywords: Marea negra; Prestige; Compensaciones;...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Oil Slick; Prestige; Indemnities; Distributional Effects; Pollution Control Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28769

Incorporating Environmentally Compliant Manure Nutrient Disposal Costs into Least-Cost Livestock Ration Formulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadrich,   Joleen C.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Black,   J. Roy; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Livestock rations are formulated to minimize feed cost subject to nutritional requirements for a target performance level, which ignores the potentially substantial cost of disposing of nutrients fed in excess of nutritional requirements. We incorporate nutrient disposal costs into a modified least-cost ration formulation model to arrive at a joint least-cost decision that minimizes the sum of feed and net nutrient disposal costs. The method is demonstrated with phosphorus disposal costs on a representative dairy farm. Herd size, land availability and proximity, crop rotation, and initial soil phosphorus content are shown to be important in determining phosphorus disposal costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Linear programming; Livestock rations; Manure disposal; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45525

The Potential Economic and Environmental Costs of GHG Mitigation Measures for Cattle Sectors in Northern Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minihan,   Erin S.; Wu,   Ziping.
National greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategy can benefit from information on the technical and economic viability of abatement options. The life-cycle-analysis (LCA) and marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) approaches provide a good, although partial, indication for the potential of existing technologies to mitigate GHG emissions. The input-output (IO) approach has advantages in capturing the indirect impacts of technology adoption from shifts in economic structure and linkages between sectors. It is therefore ideal to develop an integrated approach to more accurately assess the overall economic and environmental impacts of climate policy. In this study, we aim to develop such an approach that extends the assessment of viability to include indirect...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GHG mitigation; IO analysis; Technical cost; Northern Ireland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C67; Q52; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108779

Reinventing Regulation of Agriculture: Alternative Performance Standards for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pease,   James W.; Bosch,   Darrell J.
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are point sources of pollution and require Clean Water Act permits.  The 2003 regulations allow Large CAFOs to propose alternative performance standards (APS) that offer equivalent or better environmental performance than the baseline technology.  Principal obstacles to APS success include the complexities of demonstrating superior performance, cost uncertainties for obtaining approval, CAFO risks of participation, intra-organizational barriers of permitting agencies, and potential lawsuits brought by environmental groups.  Despite obstacles, APS offers potential for technology innovations and reduced environmental compliance costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Water Act; Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation; Performance standards; Permitting; Regulation; L51; Q51; Q52; Q53; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43344

An Experimental Examination of Target Based Conservation Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boxall,   Peter C.; Perger,   Orsolya; Packman,   Katherine.
Conservation auctions (CA) are typically employed to increase the provision of Ecological Goods and Services (EG&amp;S) for achieving environmental goals. This paper exmaines the ability of a CA to meet an environmental target. Previous research on this topic used the number of contracts as a target rather than some specified environmental goal. We used experimental economic methods benchmarked to a wetlands restoration case study to examine a target constraint that must be met by bidders rather than a budget constraint. However, since no budget constraint is employed, agencies with limited resources might have to use other auction design procedures to ensure that financial outlays to pay winning bidders are not too high while meeting the target....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation auctions; Environmental target; Experimental economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; D44.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121624

Where is it Cheapest to Cut Carbon Emissions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.; Lambie,   Neil Ross.
The relative cost of carbon emissions reductions across regions depends on whether we measure cost by marginal or total cost, private or economy-wide cost, and using market or purchasing power parity exchange rates. If all countries are on the same marginal carbon abatement cost curve then lower marginal costs of abatement are associated with higher energy intensities and higher total costs of abatement in achieving proportional cuts in emissions, equal emissions per capita, or common global carbon price targets. We test this conjecture using the results of the GTEM computable general equilibrium model as presented in the climate change economics review conducted by the Australian Treasury Department. Rankings of countries by costs do differ depending on...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Costs; Developing countries; Computable general equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95058

Optimal Management of a Potential Invader:  The Case of Zebra Mussels in Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Donna J.; Adams,   Damian C.; Rossi,   Frederick J.
Dominant users of Lake Okeechobee water resources are agricultural producers and recreational anglers.  These uses will be directly affected, should the lake become infested with zebra mussels.  We employ a probabilistic bioeconomic simulation model to estimate the potential impact of zebra mussels on consumptive water uses, recreational angling, and wetland ecosystem services under alternative public management scenarios.  Without public management, the expected net economic impact from zebra mussels is - $244.1 million over 20 years.  Public investment in prevention and eradication will yield a net expected gain of +$188.7 million, a superior strategy to either prevention or eradication alone.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cost transfer; Fishing; Invasive species; Probability transition matrix; Surface water; Wetlands; C63; Q25; Q52; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37125

Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Management and Buffers:  Comparisons of Two Spatial Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
Farmers and taxpayers would benefit from more cost-effective agricultural nutrient pollution control measures.  The objectives of our study are (1) to assess compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus loadings from implementation of nutrient management and riparian buffers; and (2) to estimate how the spatial scenario, which is the method of representing farms within the watershed, affects estimated compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus deliveries.  Estimated compliance costs are quite sensitive to the spatial scenario.  Buffers are more cost-effective than nutrient management under one of the two spatial scenarios, whereas nutrient management is more cost-effective under the other scenario.  Shifts to more erosive crops reduce the effectiveness...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Compliance costs; Geographic information systems (GIS); Mathematical programming; Nutrient management; Phosphorus (P); Pollution abatement; Riparian buffers; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43746

MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST CURVES FOR UK AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moran,   Dominic; MacLeod,   Michael J.; Wall,   Eileen; Eory,   Vera; McVittie,   Alistair; Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Rees,   Robert; Topp,   Cairistiona; Moxey,   Andrew.
This paper addresses the challenge of developing a ‘bottom-up’ marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) for greenhouse gas emissions from UK agriculture. A MACC illustrates the costs of specific crop, soil, and livestock abatement measures against a ‘‘business as usual’’ scenario. The results indicate that in 2022 under a specific policy scenario, around 5.38 MtCO2 equivalent (e) could be abated at negative or zero cost. A further 17% of agricultural GHG emissions (7.85 MtCO2e) could be abated at a lower unit cost than the UK Government’s 2022 shadow price of carbon (£34 (tCO2e)-1). The paper discusses a range of methodological hurdles that complicate cost-effectiveness appraisal of abatement in agriculture relative to other sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Marginal abatement costs; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q52; Q 54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91399

Polluters and Abaters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimubona,   Alain-Desire; Bernard,   Sinclair-Desgagne.
To comply with laws, regulations and social demands, polluting firms increasingly purchase the needed means from specialized suppliers. This paper analyzes this relatively recent phenomenon. We show how environmental regulation, the size of the output market, the elasticity of demand for abatement goods and services, and the fact that in-house and outsourced abatement expenses are substitutes or complements can influence a polluter’s make-or-buy decision. Specific features of abatement outsourcing are highlighted, qualifications and refinements of the theory of vertical integration are then proposed, and some consequences for environmental policy are briefly discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-industry; Make-or-buy Decision; Outsourcing; Vertical Integration; Environmental Economics and Policy; L23; L24; Q52.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98467

The Impact of Shale Exploration on Housing Values in Pennsylvania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klaiber,   H. Allen; Gopalakrishnan,   Sathya.
Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing processes to extract shale gas have raised concerns among local residents over the safety of these new drilling techniques.  To assess whether potential negative externalities associated with shale gas exploration are capitalized into surrounding homeowners property values, we estimate a hedonic model combining data on 3,464 housing sales occurring between 2008 and 2010 in a suburban/rural county south of Pittsburgh, PA which experienced large numbers of new horizontal Marcellus wells beginning in late 2008. Using hedonic methods, we find a negative and significant impact to households in close proximity both spatially and temporally to this activity.  Further we find that this negative impact disproportionately...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Shale gas; Housing values; Risk perceptions; Hedonic; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q51; Q52; R21.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124368

Economic Effects of Environmental Taxation on Chemical Fertilizers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Chang-Gil; Stoecker,   Arthur L.
This paper analyzes the economic effects of environmental taxes on chemical fertilizer in producing rice. A charge of 10 percent tax on nitrogen fertilizer leads to a reduction in fertilizer use of 1.5 percent without changing rice yield, but the farm income is reduced by 0.6 percent. The tax rate of 100 percent leads to a reduction of 14.6 percent in fertilizer use, a 0.4 percent reduction in rice yield, and a 3.6 percent reduction in farm income. A significant feature of eco-taxes imposed on chemical fertilizers is their revenue potential, which could contribute to increasing government budgets for finance pollution control programs, such as education and R&amp;D. This study provides an insight into the application of market-based instrument to achieve...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Polluter-pays-principle; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental tax; Nitrogen fertilizer; Negative externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25501

Impacts of Border Carbon Adjustments on China’s Sectoral Emissions: Simulations with a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bao,   Qin; Tang,   Ling; Zhang,   ZhongXiang; Qiao,   Han; Wang,   Shouyang.
Carbon-based border tax adjustments (BTAs) have recently been proposed by some OECD countries to level the carbon playing field and target major emerging economies. This paper applies a multi-sector dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to estimate the impacts of the BTAs implemented by US and EU on China’s sectoral carbon emissions. The results indicate that BTAs will cut down export prices and transmit the effects to the whole economy, reducing sectoral output-demands from both supply side and demand side. On the supply side, sectors might substitute away from exporting toward domestic market, increasing sectoral supply; while on the demand side, the domestic income may be strikingly cut down due to the decrease in export price, decreasing...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Border Carbon Tax Adjustments; Computable General Equilibrium Model; Carbon Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; F18; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120044

Copenhagen and Beyond: Reflections on China’s Stance and Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China had been singled out by Western politicians and media for dragging its feet on international climate negotiations at Copenhagen, the accusations previously always targeted on the U.S. To put such a criticism into perspective, this paper provides some reflections on China’s stance and reactions at Copenhagen. While China’s reactions are generally well rooted because of realities at home, some reactions could have been handled more effectively for a better image of China. The paper also addresses the reliability of China’s statistics on energy and GDP, the issue crucial to the reliability of China’s carbon intensity commitments. The paper discusses flaws in current international climate negotiations and closes with my suggestion that international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Emissions Reductions; Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Statistics on Energy and GDP; Coal and Energy Consumption; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q41; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58; O53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92836

Vietnam’s New Environmental Tax Law: What Will it Cost? Who Will Pay?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Van Chan,   Nguyen.
We examine the effects of a proposed environmental tax in a small open developing economy, using an applied general equilibrium model linked to a household survey database. The burden of the tax, applied primarily to fossil fuels, is passed forward by non-traded industries and backward by industries selling into the world market. It causes efficiency and competitiveness losses equivalent to those of a real exchange rate appreciation, and since export industries are in general highly labor-intensive, is regressive and thus poverty-increasing. The budget-neutral use of increased tax revenues to raise spending on anti-poverty programs can offset most of the losses of poor households, but does not create new jobs. The extent of overall losses and their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon tax; Environmental tax; Poverty; Labor market; General equilibrium; Vietnam; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; H23; O53; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116704

The effect of EU derogation strategies on the complying costs of the nitrate directive
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Straeten,   Bart; Buysse,   Jeroen; Nolte,   Stephan; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Claeys,   Dakerlia; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
Within the framework of the nitrate directive, member states have the possibility to apply for derogation, i.e. increasing fertilization standards under certain conditions. Several EU regions have made use of this possibility but all in a different way. In 2009, 6 different derogation policies were worked out. This paper focuses on the differences between the applied policies and makes an assessment of the impact of these differences on the application rate of derogation, the manure surplus and the costs to allocate the manure. Based on the MP-MAS model described by Van der Straeten et al. (2010) the different scenarios are applied on a single case area (Flanders) and the economic effects have been simulated. Results show large differences between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate directive; MAS-model; Derogation; Flanders; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99426

Can Climate Change Mitigation Policy Benefit the Israeli Economy? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Shechter,   Mordechai.
The growing attention to global warming due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the process of fossil fuel--based energy production is expressed in the Kyoto Protocol, which prescribes, on average, a 7 percent reduction in GHG emissions for developed countries. Although Israel was not included in the list of the obligated countries ("Annex A"), it should consider the economic implications of participating in the emission reduction effort, as such a commitment becomes highly feasible following the Bali roadmap which oblige a successor to the Kyoto Protocol to launch negotiations including all parties to the UNFCCC on a future framework, stressing the role of cooperative action and of common though differentiated responsibility. This study aimed to quantify...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium; Climate Change; Environmental Policy; Double Dividend; Israel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; D58; H23; Q43; Q48; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6361

Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic and Land-use Interfaces of Bio-energy Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdula,   Rahimaisa D.
This paper explores the inter-sectoral and land-use dynamics behind the development of bio-energy as a climate change policy through a computable general equilibrium (CGE) with a land use change (LUC) model. It assesses the economic and social costs of bio-energy development both in terms of the financial investment needed for its market penetration and in terms of the trade-offs its future supply will entail upon the land-use system. It analyzes how policies directed to develop bio-energy alters the pattern of energy mix and land utilization in the economy and how these changes in turn contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation. Policies analyzed in the study include carbon tax with revenues recycled upon bio-energy subsidy and upon direct tax...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D58; Q4; Q52; H23; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25536

Tradable Substitution Rights: Simulation of the Cost-Efficiency of a Nitrogen Reduction in the Pig Finishing Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carlier,   Peter Jan; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Mathijs,   Erik.
To comply with the European Nitrate Directive, the Flemish manure policy has been elaborated mainly on the base of command and control measures (maximum fertilisation limits etc.). In literature, however, tradable permits are described as a cost efficient and effective instrument. Applied to nutrient emission they might offer an alternative for the current, expensive manure policy. In this publication both policy instruments are compared by means of simulation models. Based on accountacy data from 190 pig finishing farms, it is shown that tradable rights may result in cost savings of over 88%, compared to the most cost efficient command and control model. This result indicates that tradable permits at least need to be considered as a plausible policy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Agriculture; Command and control; Nitrogen; Linear programming; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D23; H23; Q58; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24746

China in the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China, from its own perspective cannot afford to, and from an international perspective, is not allowed to continue on the conventional path of encouraging economic growth at the expense of the environment. The country needs to transform its economy to effectively address concern about a range of environmental problems from burning fossil fuels and steeply rising oil import and international pressure to exhibit greater ambition in fighting global climate change. This paper first discusses China’s own efforts towards energy saving and pollutants cutting, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism, and puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective. Given that transition to a low carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; Nuclear Power; Power Generation; Oil and Gas; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; China; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91009

Renewable Energy Subsidies: Second-Best Policy or Fatal Aberration for Mitigation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalkuhl,   Matthias; Edenhofer,   Ottmar; Lessmann,   Kai.
This paper evaluates the consequences of renewable energy policies on welfare, resource rents and energy costs in a world where carbon pricing is imperfect and the regulator seeks to limit emissions to a (cumulative) target. We use a global general equilibrium model with an intertemporal fossil resource sector. We calculate the optimal second-best renewable energy subsidy and compare the resulting welfare level with an efficient first-best carbon pricing policy. If carbon pricing is permanently missing, mitigation costs increase by a multiple (compared to the optimal carbon pricing policy) for a wide range of parameters describing extraction costs, renewable energy costs, substitution possibilities and normative attitudes. Furthermore, we show that small...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Feed-in-Tariff; Carbon Trust; Carbon Pricing; Supply-Side Dynamics; Green Paradox; Climate Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q4; Q52; Q54; Q58; D58; H21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108261

In What Format and under What Timeframe Would China Take on Climate Commitments? A Roadmap to 2050
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
In what format and under what timeframe China would take on climate commitments is of significant relevance to China because it is facing great pressure both inside and outside international climate negotiations to exhibit greater ambition and is being confronted with the threats of trade measures. It is of significant global relevance as well because when China’s emissions peak is crucial to determine when global emissions would peak and because what China is going to do in what format has significant implications for the level and ambition of commitments from other countries. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper maps out the roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050. Taking many factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94843

Getting Cars Off the Road: The Cost-Effectiveness of an Episodic Pollution Control Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cropper,   Maureen L.; Jiang,   Yi; Alberini,   Anna; Baur,   Patrick.
Ground level ozone remains a serious problem in the United States.  Because ozone non-attainment is a summer problem, episodic rather than continuous controls of ozone precursors are possible.  We evaluate the costs and effectiveness of an episodic scheme that requires people to buy permits in order to drive on high ozone days. We estimate the demand function for permits based on a survey of 1,300 households in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.  Assuming that all vehicle owners comply with the scheme, the permit program would reduce VOCs by 50 tons and NOx by 42 tons per Code Red day at a permit price of $75.  Allowing for non-compliance by 15% of respondents reduces the effectiveness of the scheme to 39 tons of VOCs and 33 tons of NOx per day.  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ground-Level Ozone; Episodic Pollution Control Schemes; Mobile Sources; Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs); Cost Per Ton of Vocs Removed; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60749

The sampling bias in multi-agent simulation models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buysse,   Jeroen; Frija,   Aymen; Van der Straeten,   Bart; Nolte,   Stephan; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Claeys,   Dakerlia; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
For practical considerations, it is in some case impossible to simulate MAS models at population level. The current paper shows that MAS models applied to samples with heterogeneous costs of interactions between agents have biased results. Heterogeneous costs of interactions in MAS models can come from the spatial dimension in MAS models or from fixed costs per interaction. The paper presents two correction procedures to remove the sampling bias and to increase the reliability of the outcome. The correction procedures can be very promising for future applications of MAS models because it becomes possible to deploy more complex models without bias on more detailed datasets that are only available at sample level, which will be the case for country- or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: MAS; Bias; Correction; Resampling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99599

How A Cap-and-Trade Policy of Green House Gases Could Alter the Face of Agriculture in the South: A Spatial and Production Level Analysis.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.; Fortin,   Corey.
With the Waxman-Markey Bill passing the House and the Obama administration’s push to reduce carbon emissions, the likelihood of the implementation of some form of a carbon policy is increasing. This study estimates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the six largest crops produced in Arkansas using 63 different production practices as documented by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. From these GHG estimates a baseline state “carbon footprint” was estimated and a hypothetical cap-and-trade carbon reduction of 5, 10, and 20% was levied on Arkansas agriculture. Results show that while a modest reduction in GHG emissions (5%) would only affect crop allocations amongst certain crops while marginally reducing state net returns, a 20%...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade; Carbon; Sustainability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q52; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55717

Assessing China’s Energy Conservation and Carbon Intensity: How Will the Future Differ from the Past?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
As an important step towards building a “harmonious society” through “scientific development”, China has incorporated for the first time in its five-year economic plan an energy input indicator as a constraint. While it achieved a quadrupling of its GDP while cutting its energy intensity by about three quarters between 1980 and 2000, China has had limited success in achieving its own 20% energy-saving goal set for 2010 to date. Despite this great challenge at home, just prior to the Copenhagen climate summit, China pledged to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45% by 2020 relative its 2005 levels to help to reach an international climate change agreement at Copenhagen or beyond. This raises the issue of whether such a pledge is ambitious or just represents...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Carbon Intensity; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Climate Commitments; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92837

Economic Impacts of EPA's Manure Application Regulations on Dairy Farms with Lagoon Liquid Systems in the Southwest Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Wen-Yuan; Magleby,   Richard S.; Christensen,   Lee A.
EPA's new restrictions on land application of manure nutrients by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) could decrease the net return of 6-17% of the medium and large dairy farms with lagoon systems in the southwestern United States.  Many of the other dairy CAFOs in the region could achieve higher net income under the restrictions if they reduce feed costs by better utilizing manure and expanding homegrown feed production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAFO; Dairy farms; Land application; Manure regulations; Nutrient management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43993

Costs of Reducing Nutrient Losses in Denmark - Analyses of Different Regulation Systems and Cost Effective Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobsen,   Brian H.; Abildtrup,   Jens; Jensen,   Jorgen Dejgaard; Hasler,   Berit.
The economic calculations carried out prior to the Plan for the Aquatic Environment III included a comparison of regulation systems aimed at reducing nitrogen leaching, analyses of measures for reducing phosphorus losses and estimation of administrative costs. The conclusions were that taxation of the N-surplus introduced at the sector level was the most cost effective regulation when compared with administrative regulation and set a side. For phosphorus a balance between incoming and outgoing phosphorus is very costly as this requires that much slurry is transported from the western to the eastern part of Denmark. The final plan for the Aquatic Environment III from 2004 included a 13% reduction of N-leaching until 2015 based on cost effective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness; Cost of reducing nitrogen leaching; Phosphorus; Administrative costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q51; Q52; Q53.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24536

Breaking the Impasse in International Climate Negotiations: A New Direction for Currently Flawed Negotiations and a Roadmap for China to 2050
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China’s unilateral pledge to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45 percent by 2020 relative to its 2005 levels raises both the stringency issue, and given that China’s pledge is in the form of carbon intensity, reliability issues concerning China’s statistics on energy and GDP. Moreover, as long as China’s commitments differ in form from those of other major greenhouse gas emitters, China is constantly confronted with both criticism on its carbon intensity commitment being less stringent and the threats of trade measures. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper will map out a realistic roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050, with its main distinguishing features including China taking on absolute...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity; Post-Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations; Climate Commitments; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108263