Consulta: subjectFacets:"R23"
Registros recuperados: 48
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 14:21:49

Managing Migration through Quotas: An Option-theory Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moretto,   Michele; Vergalli,   Sergio.
Recent European Legislation on immigration has revealed a particular paradox on migration policies. On the one hand, the trend of recent legislation points to the increasing closure of frontiers (OECD 1999, 2001,2004), also by using immigration quotas. On the other hand, there is an increase of regularization, i.e., European policies are becoming less tight. Our aim here is to study these counterbalanced and opposite policies in European immigration legislation in a unified framework . To do this, we have used a real option approach to migration choice that assumes that the decision to migrate can be described as an irreversible investment decision where quotas represent an upper bound limit. Our results show that the paradox of counterbalancing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Real Option; Quota System; F22; J61; O15; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37818

Fiscal Trends: Implications for the Rural South
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henry,   Mark S.; Barkley,   David L.; Li,   Haizhen.
Key demographic trends in the rural South over the next decade-the aging of the population as baby boomers enter retirement, continued migration to the South, and rapid increases in shares of Hispanic residents-may have profound consequences for the financing of rural community public services.  In this paper, we provide an overview of demographic and economic trends that are expected to influence the ability of rural communities to provide essential public services.  In addition, we provide econometric evidence on the impacts that these trends are likely to have on the financing of K-12 education in South Carolina.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demographic trends; Fiscal trends; Government services; Rural South; R11; R23; R51.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37958

Essays on Regional Differences in Time Preferences and Attachment to Place
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yi,   Dale.
Data from a national telephone survey of working-aged adults in the continental US is combined with US Census 2000 data to explore the determinants of attachment to place and time preferences for jobs, natural amenities, and financial assets. Five regions in the US were delineated so that regional differences in the determinants of the dependent variables of interest could be parsed out. The regions are the Great Plains, Borderlands, Appalachia, the Plantation Belt, and the rest of the continental US.  The first essay that explores time preferences for jobs, natural amenities, and money. Each was embedded with a ten percent rate of return. In aggregate, the nation as a whole demonstrated that the discount rate for jobs, natural amenities, and financial...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Great Plains; Migration; Time preference; Survey; Community attachment; Social capital; Natural amenity; Economic development; Community; Census; Zip code; Policy; Native American; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; R23; R53; R58; Q51; Q52; O13; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56009

Adult Obesity and Food Stores’ Density – Evidence from State-Level Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonanno,   Alessandro; Goetz,   Stephan J.
The association between types of food access and rising adult obesity rates is increasingly recognized, as a complement to the effects of declining physical activity.  Previous studies have examined the effects on obesity of only a limited set of store types, such as grocery stores, fast food restaurants and big-box retailers, and they have ignored that certain behavioral factors, such as could play a role in the relationship between food access and obesity.  This analysis includes a comprehensive array of food-providing establishments, including limited- and full-service restaurants controlling for fruit-and-vegetables (F&amp;V) consumption (lagged temporally) using a panel data set for the continental U.S. states covering the period 1997-2005.  The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adult Obesity; Food Access; Eating Habits; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; I18; R23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61341

Emigration and Wages: The EU Enlargement Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elsner,   Benjamin.
This paper studies the impact of a large emigration wave on real wages in the source country. Following EU enlargement in 2004, a large share of the workforce of the Central and Eastern Europe emigrated to Western Europe. Using data from Lithuania for the calibration of a factor demand model I show that emigration had a significant short-run impact on real wages in the source country. In particular, emigration led to a change in the wage distribution between young and old workers. The wages of young workers increased by 6%, whereas the wages of old workers decreased by around 1%. On the contrary, I find no effect on the wage distribution between workers of different education levels.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Emigration; EU Enlargement; European Integration; Wage Distribution; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J31; O15; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119098

Is population growth conducive to the sustainability of cooperation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Jakubek,   Marcin.
This paper asks whether population growth is conducive to the sustainability of cooperation. A simple model is developed in which farmers who live around a circular lake engage in trade with their adjacent neighbors. The payoffs from this activity are governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” Every farmer has one son when the population is not growing, or two sons when it is growing. In the former case, the son takes over the farm when his father dies. In the latter case, one son stays on his father’s farm, whereas the other son settles around another lake, along with the “other” sons of the other farmers. During his childhood, each son observes the strategies and the payoffs of his father and of the trading partners of his father, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Population growth; Imitation; Sustainability of cooperation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; C72; D01; D83; J19; J62; R12; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109965

Migration and Child Labour in Agriculture – A Study of Punjab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goyal,   Mini.
The present study has been conducted to know the general profile, educational status, activities performed and income of the migratory child labour vis-a-vis the natives engaged in agricultural activities in Punjab. The study is based on a sample of twelve villages randomly taken from three agro-climatic zones. In all the villages, 302 children working in agricultural sector were identified and all of them were the respondents of this study. It has been found that about one-fourth of the child labour working in agricultural and allied activities in the state of Punjab are migrants from other states, viz. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Most of the migrant child workers were in the age group of 12-14 years. The ratio of female child...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Child Labour; Migration; Child labour wages; Migratory child labour; Agricultural and Food Policy; J61; J62; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119393

Latino/a Wealth and Livelihood Strategies in Rural Midwestern Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdivia,   Corinne; Jeanetta,   Stephen; Flores,   Lisa Y.; Morales,   Alejandro; Martinez,   Domingo Gallego.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Economics of Minorities; Races and Immigrants; Public Policy; Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J15; J18; R23.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122802

La contribución de la mujer en la economía rural de Castilla y León
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rico Gonzalez,   Margarita; Gomez Garcia,   Jesus Maria.
La participación de la mujer en el tejido socioeconómico de las zonas rurales se ha visto frecuentemente infravalorada. Sin embargo, desde hace pocos años existe una clara conciencia por parte de los poderes públicos de que la inclusión de la mujer en las estrategias de dinamización socioeconómica del mundo rural es fundamental para fijar población y generar renta y empleo. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en determinar la contribución económica de la mujer en el desarrollo del medio rural de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León. Para ello, se ha analizado la relación existente entre el grado de desarrollo de los municipios rurales y las características socioeconómicas de las mujeres que los habitan. Para alcanzar tal fin, se han empleado tres...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Género; Desarrollo rural; Métodos cuantitativos; Castilla y León (España).; Agricultural and Food Policy; J16; O18; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57286

Towards a General Theory of Environmental Inequality: Social Characteristics of Townships and the Distribution of Pollution in China’s Jiangsu Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schoolman,   Ethan D.; Ma,   Chunbo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Inequality; Hukou System; Pollution; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D63; J15; J61; Q53; R12; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117809

Brain Drain in Rural America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
The paper aims at understanding changes in the distribution and accumulation of intellectual capital by analyzing migrants' educational profiles across a sample of 303 U.S. counties.  The results suggest that newcomers are better educated than the resident population, and the education gap is most pronounced for newcomers from other states. The results further suggest that the educational status of newcomers "in-migrants" is positively related to the educational status of the resident population "stayers", thus implying a further agglomeration of human capital across space. However, for interstate migrants the effect is context-dependent, playing a greater role in urban than in rural settings.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Human Capital; Migration; Brain Drain; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J24; R23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9866

Halting the Rural Race to the Bottom: An Evolutionary Model of Rural Development to Analyse Neo-endogenous Policies in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
The article contributes to the understanding of neo-endogenous rural development policies from the perspective of evolutionary game theory. Rural development is modelled as the increasing realisation over time of gains from interaction by rural stakeholders. The model exhibits two dynamically stable equilibria, which depict declining and prospering regions. Neo-endogenous policies are interpreted as stimuli emerging from an external government authority which help decentralised actors to coordinate on the superior of the two equilibria. External intervention may thus be possible and desirable without giving up the autonomy of local decision makers. However, because initial conditions matter, outcomes cannot be planned or engineered from the outside.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural governance; Neo-endogenous policies; Evolutionary game theory; Collective action.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C73; R23; R58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114764

Agglomeration, Migration and Agricultural Growth: A Regional CGE Analysis for Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Thurlow,   James.
CGE Analysis; Development Strategy; sub-Saharan Africa;
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural-urban linkages; Internal migration; Regional development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q18; R13; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50775

Determinants of Rural-Urban Migration in Konkan Region of Maharashtra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thorat,   V.A.; Dhekale,   J.S.; Patil,   H.K.; Tilekar,   S.N.
The study has identified the factors responsible for rural-urban migration based on 120 sample respondents each of migrants and non-migrants spread over two districts, viz. Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg of Konkan region of Maharashtra by employing the logit model. The study has highlighted the importance of rural development programs like MGNREGA that are being implemented by the government with a view to provide employment and income to the rural population in the country. It has also shown that for both migrant and non-migrant households,, agriculture was the major source of income, and their consumption expenditure was more than the production expenditure. It has also been observed that migration has a positive impact on income, expenditure and net savings...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Migration; Logit; Variable inflation factor; Odds ratio; Agricultural and Food Policy; J11; J61; C13; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119399

The influence of migration processes on rural development: a case study from Scotland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Thompson,   Kenneth J.
In the past, much rural development planning has relied on the concept of growth poles. With the “new rural paradigm”, we find that place-specific development and bottom-up approaches have become more popular than ever. Such place-based development often envisages the use of social capital. However, insofar as social capital is a local asset that is incorporated in individuals, it can easily be destroyed but not easily rebuilt. Continued out-migration and low in-migration into rural areas can have detrimental effects on social capital, and subsequently weaken bottom-up processes in the short and medium term.  This paper - based on a survey of 1412 persons in northern Scotland - suggests that intensified migratory processes destroy social capital in rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Social capital; Rural Scotland; New rural paradigm; Trust; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R23; R58; Z13; D71.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94914

Internal Migration Across Italian regions: Macroeconomic Determinants and Accommodating Potential for a Dualistic Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Piras,   Romano.
We provide econometric evidence that relative per capita GDP and relative unemployment rates are the main determinants of migration flows across Italian regions from 1970 to 2002. The empirical analysis is based on an accurate study of the dynamic properties of the series. In fact, we deal with the issues of non-stationarity and cointegration and estimate an error correction model in which both the short- and long-run dynamics are modelled at once. The regional unemployment rate is robustly inversely related with net regional migration rate, while per capita GDP is strongly positively linked with it. As far as the accommodating potential of internal migration to regional unbalances, we have detected very little room for such a role. Indeed, the degree of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Italy; Labour Migration; Internal Migration; Income Differences; Panel Cointegration; Labor and Human Capital; C23; J61; R23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96626

New Economic Geography in Germany: Testing the Helpman-Hanson Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brakman,   Steven; Garretsen,   Harry; Schramm,   Marc.
In this paper we find evidence that the new economic geography approach is able to describe and explain the spatial characteristics of an economy, in our case the German economy. Using German district data we estimate the structural parameters of a new economic geography model as developed by Helpman (1998) and Hanson (1998) and we find confirmation for a spatial wage structure. The advantage of the Helpman- Hanson model is that it incorporates the fact that agglomeration of economic activity increases the prices of local (non-tradable) services, like housing. This model thereby provides an intuitively appealing spreading force that allows for less extreme agglomeration patterns than predicted by the bulk of new economic geography models. Based on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic geography; Empirical estimation; Germany; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; R10; R12; R23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26183

Friction and the Multiplicity of Equilibria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Paul,   Thierry.
In familiar models, a decrease in the friction facing mobile factors (e.g., lowering their adjustment costs) increases a coordination problem, leading to more circumstances where there are multiple equilibria. We show that a decrease in friction can decrease coordination problems if, for example, a production externality arises from a changing stock of knowledge or a changing environmental stock. In general, the relation between the amount of friction that mobile factors face and the likelihood of multiple equilibria is non-monotonic.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indeterminacy; Multiple equilibria; Coordination games; Factor reallocation; Environmental externality; Learning-by-doing; Costs of adjustment; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; J21; O13; R23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25120

Networks as determinants of rural migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zarnekow,   Nana; Henning,   Christian H.C.A.
This paper focuses on networks as determinants of rural migration and the importance of networks in a rural development perspective. Furthermore the impact of public goods and amenities on migration decisions in rural regions is investigated. Special attention is paid on heterogeneity in peoples migration-decisive components. Data base is a non-farm household-survey of four rural communities in Poland. The estimations show that migration decisions are influenceable in different ways: Social networks as well as socio-economic components and the regional public-good endowment are important drivers of migration, but the direction and amount of influence depends on individual-preferences and on individual network-structures - among other things especially on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Rural development; Social networks; Latent class model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R23; D83; H41.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94829

ROLNICTWO OBSZARÓW GÓRSKICH BAWARII PRZYKŁADEM DLA KARPAT POLSKICH? STUDIUM PORÓWNAWCZE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sroka,   Wojciech; Pieniadz,   Agata.
Niniejsze opracowanie przyjmuje formę analizy porównawczej i przedstawia wyniki badań opinii ekspertów na temat stanu oraz kierunków rozwoju obszarów wiejskich i rolnictwa w gminach górskich położonych na terenie Karpat Polskich i Alp Niemieckich. Badania wskazują, iż rolnictwo oraz obszary wiejskie subregionu karpackiego wkracza powoli na drogę rozwojową, którą rolnictwo subregionu alpejskiego ma już w pewnym sensie za sobą. Wydaje się, iż krótki okres stosowania WPR nie spowodował w subregionie karpackim wyraźnych zmian strukturalnych. Rolnictwo Alp Niemieckich jest lepiej dostosowane do specyficznych warunków produkcji rolniczej oraz jest w stanie zapewnić odpowiednie dochody ludności rolniczej. Świadczy o tym chociażby wyższy odsetek rodzin...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rolnictwo górskie; Perspektywy rozwoju; Wsparcie; Polska; Bawaria; Berglandwirtschaft; Entwicklungsperspektiven; Förderung; Polen; Bayern.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; International Development; O13; Q18; Q28; R11; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91913

The Impacts of Change in Local Industrial Composition on Off-Farm Labor Supply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jason P.
Most U.S. farm households have either the operator or spouse working off-farm for wages and salaries or proprietorships.  Additionally, off-farm income continues to grow as a share of total household income. Little is known about how changes in local industrial composition impact off-farm labor decisions.  Using a household utility maximization framework, this analysis employs a two-stage process to 1) predict joint off-farm labor participation of operators and spouses, and 2) measure the impact of farm and household characteristics, and changes in county-level industry on levels of off-farm labor supply. Results show that labor participation decisions are jointly determined.  Human capital is among the most significant individual characteristics impacting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm household; Labor supply; Bivariate logit; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; J22; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103555

Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Stampini,   Marco; Trento,   Stefano; Zezza,   Alberto.
Using evidence from two recent data sources – the 2002 Albania Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) and the 2001 Population Census of Albania – the paper documents the phenomena of internal and external migration in Albania, a country that in the past decade has experienced dramatic changes as it makes its transition to a more open market economy.  Albania is a country on the move, both internally and internationally. This mobility plays a key role in household-level strategies to cope with the economic hardship of transition and it is perhaps the single most important political, social, and economic phenomenon in post-communist Albania.  The order of magnitude of the observed flows is astonishing.  Almost one half of all Albanian households have had...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Albania; Migration Networks; Remittances; Coping Strategies.; Labor and Human Capital; F22; N34; O15; P2; R23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23797

A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Fan,   C. Simon.
Drawing on the literature of occupational status and social distance, a theory is developed of labor migration that is prompted by a desire to avoid “social humiliation.” A closed-economy general equilibrium model that incorporates occupational status and examines the interaction between the goods market and the labor market is constructed. This framework is then extended from a closed, single economy to an open economy setting in a world that consists of two countries or two regions. It is shown that as long as migration can reduce humiliation sufficiently, migration will occur even between two identical economies. Hence, a new model of migration is presented in which migration arises from a wish to reap social exposure gains. The model shows that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Social distance; Occupational status; Social exposure gains; General equilibrium; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J61; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55363

Causes and Impact of Labour Migration: A Case Study of Punjab Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaur,   Baljinder; Singh,   J.M.; Garg,   B.R.; Singh,   Jasdev; Singh,   Satwinder.
In Punjab, the influx of migrant labour particularly in agriculture sector started with the green revolution and picked up subsequently. Due to monoculture in the cropping pattern, the state has become largely dependent on migrant labourers for various agricultural operations. The influx of seasonal as well as permanent labour from outside has led to various socio-economic problems in Punjab. In the wake of this, the present study was purposively conducted in the Central Zone of Punjab for the year 2011 to find the causes and impact of labour in-migration in Punjab. A total of 105 respondents belonging to the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Nepal constituted the sample frame. The results have revealed that better income and...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Labour migration; Long-term migration; Short-term migration; Remittances; In-migration; Agricultural and Food Policy; J61; J62; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119397

Superstores and Labour Demand: Evidence from Great Britain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guariglia,   Alessandra.
The objective of this paper is to quantify the net effect that the massive opening of edge or out-of-town superstores, which took place in Great Britain in the mid-eighties and early nineties, had on local employment. Our data set consists of the location and the opening dates of Tesco and Sainsbury’s stores, in combination with Census of Employment data from 1984 to 1991. Using both a fixed-effects specification and a system-GMM specification which allows to control for endogeneity, we find that in spite of the adverse effects they had on competing smaller stores, superstores had an overall positive net effect on employment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Superstores; Labor demand; Labor and Human Capital; J23; R23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44291

Determination of Key Correlates of Agricultural Labour Migration in Less Resources Endowed Areas of Tamil Nadu
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundaravaradarajan,   K.R.; Sivakumar,   P.; Jahanmohan,   K.R.
This study has been conducted in the backward district of Perambalur, which is a less resource-endowed district of Tamil Nadu, with the following objectives: (i) to identify the major causes and empirically determine the key correlates of agricultural labour migration in the study area, and (ii) to identify the causes for rural out-migration. The study has been conducted by taking landless (group I) and landed (group II) respondents. The Garatte ranking of the causes of migration has revealed that of the ten push factors and ten pull factors (both economic and non-economic), lack of continuous employment at place of origin is at the first rank with mean score of 77 and 78 per cent for group I and group II, respectively, followed by low wages at place of...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labour; Labour migration; Tamil Nadu; Agricultural and Food Policy; J61; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119401

Is Income Inequality Endogenous in Regional Growth?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Yohannes G.; Kahsai,   Mulugeta S.; Gebremedhin,   Tesfa G.; Jackson,   Randall W.
This study focuses on testing the relationship between income inequality and growth within U.S. counties, and the channels through which such effects are observed. The study tests three hypotheses: (1) income inequality has an inverse relationship with growth; (2) regional growth adjustments are the channels through which the inequality and growth are equilibrated; and (3) income inequality is endogenous to regional growth and its adjustment. Results, based on a system of equations estimation, confirm the hypotheses that income inequality has a growth dampening effect; income inequality is endogenous to regional growth and growth adjustment; and the channels through which income inequality determines growth are regional growth adjustments, such as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income inequality; Economic growth; Gini coefficient; Growth modeling; Population change; Per capita income; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics; I32; J15; O18; P25; R11; R23; R25; R51; R53; R58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46320

Integration and Labour Markets in European Border Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin; Stiller,   Silvia.
Border regions are likely to play a critical role within the spatial dynamics initiated by the enlargement of the EU. This paper deals with the effects of integration on labour markets in border regions. Within the framework of different theoretical approaches, the effects of integration on labour markets in border regions are analysed. Furthermore, we investigate empirically the degree of labour market integration in European border regions. As indicators for the intensity of integration among neighbouring labour markets measures of spatial association are applied. Results of an analysis of per capita income and unemployment for the period from 1995 to 2000 point to a measurable spatial segmentation of labour markets between EU15 countries along national...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Integration; Labour Market Disparities; Border Regions; Spatial Dependence; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J61; R23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26188

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ON A LOCAL SCALE BEYOND 2013 – THE CASE OF CAITHNESS AND SUTHERLAND (SCOTLAND, UK)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Thomson,   Kenneth J.
With the latest reform of EU Structural Policy, the Highlands and Islands have been excluded from further support by Structural Funds beyond 2013, but the new Scottish Rural Development Programme has increased CAP Pillar 2 expenditures in Scotland. A modified version of a system dynamics model constructed for an EU-wide case-study project (TOP-MARD) was used to simulate the effects of these and other policy changes in Caithness and Sutherland (C&amp;S), a remote rural area in Northern Scotland. Several alternative modelling scenarios were developed, mostly relating to reconfigurations of Pillar 2 spending within the area. The modelling results, i.e. projections from 2001 to 2021, are discussed in terms of agricultural employment, regional population, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development; CAP reform; Scotland; Pillar 2; Regional modelling; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q18; R23; R50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50935

On the Endogeneity of an Exogenous OCA-Criterion: The Impact of Specialisation on the Synchronisation of Regional Business Cycles in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belke,   Ansgar; Heine,   Jens M.
This paper empirically assesses the impact of specialisation on the synchronisation of regional business cycles in two core countries of EMU, namely France and Germany. Several specialisation indices are introduced and some first stylised facts about interregional business cycle correlations are derived. Second, region pair specific and pooled estimations are enacted and tested for robustness in order to calculate the impact of specialization on the degree of business cycle synchronisation. However, our regression results confirm the hypothesis of a positive impact only partly, but they underline the problem of a common monetary policy for uncommon regions which has already existed in the DM- and in the Franc-zone before. Der vorliegende empirische Beitrag...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Specialisation; Regional Employment; European Monetary Union; Regional Business Cycles; Synchronisation; F15; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; E32; R23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26382

DOES NON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION IN NORTHERN ALBANIA OFFER AN ESCAPE FROM RURAL POVERTY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Wiebke; Mollers,   Judith; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
The paper uses up-to-date household data from two Northern-Albanian regions. It summarises socio-economic facts on taking up remunerative non-farm employment and identifies the determinants of non-farm income diversification at the farm household level based on a binary logistic regression. Furthermore, the paper provides insight in the northern-Albanian farming structure, migration patterns, attitudes towards and reasons for income diversification into the non-farm sector. Income diversification indeed has a positive impact on the welfare of the households: A statistically significant increasing trend in incomes with rising diversification level was observed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-farm income diversification; Farm households; Migration; Albania; Ausserlandwirtschaftliche Einkommensdiversifizierung; Landwirtschaftliche Haushalte; Migration; Albanien; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; R23; F22; P36.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91912

TIPOLOGIA MUNICIPAL DE CLASSES SÓCIO-OCUPACIONAIS: UMA NOVA DIMENSÃO PARA ANÁLISE DAS DESIGUALDADES TERRITORIAIS NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maia,   Alexandre Gori; Quadros,   Waldir Jose de.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor uma nova configuração para o território brasileiro, fornecendo uma relevante dimensão para análise das desigualdades sociais brasileiras. A hipótese central é que a estrutura social, uma conjugação entre inserção no mercado de trabalho (classe ocupacional) e faixa de renda per capita (estrato social) das famílias brasileiras, é capaz de identificar padrões sociais que cumprem papel essencial nas análises sobre as condições de vida da população. Para cumprir tal objetivo, este trabalho foi estruturado em três partes principais: i) descrição da metodologia de estratificação social; ii) identificação dos grupos de municípios relativamente homogêneos de desenvolvimento da estrutura social (perfis sociais) e análise...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Estratificação social; Renda - distribuição; Disparidades regionais; Social stratification; Income distribution; Regional disparities; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J82; R12; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109729

The Impact of Food Environment on Branded vs. Private Label Produce Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schroeter,   Christiane; Cai,   Xiaowei.
Over the past two decades, U.S. food retailers are providing more organic private label foods (PLs) which are directly competing with the National Brand (NB) products. From a policy perspective, an increased availability of high-quality PL products might provide consumers with a more affordable way to cover their produce consumption. Using a two-step Heckman selection model, we estimate the impact of purchase information, demographics, and food environment on the purchasing likelihood and expenditure shares of PL organic vs. conventional spinach. Results show that food context, most notably food availability, access, and adult obesity rate, significantly influences organic PL spinach choice.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Brand Loyalty; Quality; Private label; Food Environment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; D12; R23.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123197

Differential Migration Prospects, Skill Formation, and Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Zakharenko,   Roman.
This paper develops a one sector, two-input model with endogenous human capital formation. The two inputs are two types of skilled labor: “engineering,” which exerts a positive externality on total factor productivity, and “law,” which does not. The paper shows that a marginal prospect of migration by engineers increases human capital accumulation of both types of workers (engineers and lawyers), and also the number of engineers who remain in the country. These two effects are socially desirable, since they move the economy from the (inefficient) free-market equilibrium towards the social optimum. The paper also shows that if the externality effect of engineering is sufficiently powerful, everyone will be better off as a consequence of the said prospect of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous human capital; Differential externality effects; Migration of educated workers; Human capital formation; Efficient acquisition of human capital; Beneficial brain drain; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J61; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119111

Farming Exit Decision by Age Group: Analysis of Tobacco Buyout Impact in Kentucky
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pushkarskaya,   Helen N.; Vedenov,   Dmitry V.
This article analyzes factors that affected the decision to exit tobacco production in the wake of the tobacco buyout program using the data collected through a survey of Kentucky tobacco farmers. Using the Heuristic logistic regression model, we find that the decision to exit tobacco growing was affected by efficiency considerations, availability of off-farm employment, and exit barriers. Availability of off-farm employment had the strongest effect on farmers younger than 46, while the effect of variables measuring efficiency and exit barriers seemed to be more uniform across age groups. Based on the results we suggest several policy interventions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Age group; Industry exit; Tobacco buyout; Tobacco farming; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; C25; D21; E24; J00; J11; J24; J43; Q18; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56653

Structural changes and labour adjustments in rural Bulgaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mishev,   Plamen Dimitrov; Ivanova,   Nedka Momtscheva; Harizanova,   Christina Stefanova.
The rural areas in Bulgaria cover more then 80% of the country territory and account for about 29% of the population. Their development depends strongly on agricultural sector. The paper examines structural changes in agriculture, labour market situation in rural areas and presents the main results of the survey performed in three region of Bulgaria.  The study shows a substantial decline in the number of farm with economic size between 0,5 and 3 ESU and a stable increase in the number of large farms. Major factors having impact on farm restructuring are: improvements in economic situation, in particular the increase in real income, positive developments of land market, deterioration of age structure of rural population and the habits of rural population...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Farm restructuring; Labour markets; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J21; R23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95317

Disentangling Access and View Amenities in Access-Restricted Coastal Residential Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgan,   O. Ashton; Hamilton,   Stuart E.
In coastal communities with uniform flood risk, amenity value is comprised of two components – view and access. Having controlled for view, it is assumed that any residual amenity value represents the benefit derived from accessing the beach for leisure/recreational purposes. However, as properties closer to the beach typically have improved viewsheds, the two amenities are highly correlated, and disentangling view and access is problematical. A spatial autoregressive hedonic model captures ease of beach access via a network distance parameter that varies independently from property viewshed, collinearity effects are mitigated, and access and view can be disentangled.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beach access; Property viewshed; Spatial hedonic model; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; R12; R21; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104620

A Composite Fuzzy Indicator for Assessing Farm Household Potential for Non-farm Income Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritzsch,   Jana.
European politicians encourage the income diversification of rural households through various measures. Although being aware of farm households’ potential for non-farm income diversification seems important for finely-targeting such policy measures, no attempt has thus far been made to summarise the various determinants of income diversification in a single figure. This contribution aims to close this gap. A composite fuzzy indicator that measures farm household potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to 1,053 farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. The indicator summarises the incentives of and capacities for non-farm income diversification on the individual household member level, and on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Composite indicator; Fuzzy logic; Rural non-farm income diversification; Transition countries; Consumer/Household Economics; C65; J24; Q12; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114349

Rural Income Generating Activities in Developing Countries: Re-assessing the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Gero; Covarrubias,   Katia; Davis,   Benjamin; Krausova,   Marika; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Winters,   Paul C.; Zezza,   Alberto.
This paper contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of developing country rural labour markets by re-evaluating the available evidence on the levels and composition of income sources adopted by rural households in order to understand the relationship between the various economic activities taking place in rural areas and their implications for economic growth and poverty reduction. This is achieved in two parts: First, the paper introduces the Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGA) database, a newly constructed FAO repository of household survey data, income measures and cross-country comparable indicators. Second, using the RIGA database, the paper undertakes a descriptive analysis of the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors of the rural...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural economy; Non-farm activities; Income inequality; Income diversification; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O12; O18; R23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112596

Halting the rural race to the bottom: an evolutionary model of rural development to analyse neo-endogenous policies in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
The article contributes to the understanding of neo-endogenous rural development policies from the perspective of evolutionary game theory. Rural development is modelled as the increasing realisation over time of gains from interaction by rural stakeholders. The model exhibits two dynamically stable equilibria, which depict declining and prospering regions. Neo-endogenous policies are interpreted as stimuli emerging from an external government authority which help decentralised actors to coordinate on the superior of the two equilibria. External intervention may thus be possible and desirable without giving up the autonomy of local decision makers. However, because initial conditions matter, outcomes cannot be planned or engineered from the outside.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural governance; Neo-endogenous policies; Evolutionary game theory; Collective action; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C73; R23; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94897

A contribuição de P&amp;D Agropecuário para Convergência e Crescimento da Renda Agropecuária no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barreto,   Ricardo Candéa Sá; Almeida,   Eduardo Simões de.
Este artigo estuda o crescimento econômico e a convergência de renda Agropecuária dos estados Brasileiros de 1986 a 2004. Para este fim, utiliza-se um modelo econométrico de efeitos fixos, controlando-se a dependência espacial.  Além de comprovar convergência condicional, o modelo econométrico revelou que o crescimento do PIB per capita agropecuário foi afetado por variáveis como capital físico agropecuário, infra-estrutura telefônica, infra-estrutura de armazenagem, crédito rural, número de trabalhadores rurais, e por externalidades espaciais. Além disso, ficou evidenciada a importância de P &amp; D agropecuário para o crescimento e convergência de renda per capita no setor agropecuário e ainda a  geração de externalidades espaciais...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Convergência de renda agropecuária; Nova geografia econômica; Modelo de efeitos fixos com dependência espacial; Income convergence; New economic geography; Fixed effect model with spatial dependence; Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O18; O47; R11; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108170

STRATEGIES FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: COMMERCIALISATION, DIVERSIFICATION AND EXIT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Jonathan; Cervantes-Godoy,   Dalila; Jonasson,   Erik.
This paper proposes a strategic framework for policies to assist smallholders in developing countries. It describes the inevitable features of structural change in the agricultural and rural economy, the associated pressures that these changes place on smallholders, and the consequent need for policies to facilitate rather than impede adjustment. A key premise of the framework is that, for the majority of smallholders, the long term (i.e. inter-generational)future lies outside the sector. Hence, long-term policies need to make a distinction between those who potentially have a competitive future in the sector and those who do not. In either case, many of the necessary policies will not be agriculture-specific, so it is important that agricultural policies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Rural development; Agricultural policy; Structural change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O20; Q18; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52867

Who Replaces Agriculture's Contribution to Settlement in Lagging Rural Areas? An Integrated Input-Output and Dynamic Simulation Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kopainsky,   Birgit; Buser,   Benjamin; Rieder,   Peter.
This paper develops an integrated model for analysing regional economic development and structural change in agriculture. The input-output method allows the detailed description of a regional economy. Based on this description, regional growth pole sectors can be identified that are potential leverage points for growth oriented development strategies. Dynamic simulation tests the long term effects of such a development strategy. Model results show that external demand is the main driving force behind regional economic growth. However, development strategies for lagging rural areas have to be coupled to development strategies for regional centres. Only if the rural areas surrounding regional centres become an important asset for the development of these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural regions; Economic development; Input-output; Dynamic simulation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C6; R11; R15; R23; R58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24586

Migration and Land Rental as Risk Response in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Patrick S.; Shively,   Gerald E.
Households in developing countries take various actions to smooth income or consumption as a means of managing or responding to risk. One of the principal means of smoothing income is through the diversification of income sources, including non-farm employment and rural-urban migration.  An important consumption smoothing strategy involves the accumulation and depletion of assets.  We examine migration and land rental market participation as responses to risk in rural China.  Using a longitudinal data set comprised of households in nine provinces in China from 1991 through 2006, we are able to test for the effect of various manifestations of underlying idiosyncratic and covariate income risk on household responses.  We find that covariate risks increase...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Risk; Consumption smoothing; Income smoothing; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Risk and Uncertainty; O15; R23; Q15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103379

Income Segregation and Local Progressive Taxation: Empirical Evidence from Switzerland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmidheiny,   Kurt.
Swiss metropolitan areas are comprised of a system of communities with considerable fiscal autonomy. This study investigates how the income tax differentials across communities in an urban area affect the households` location decisions. Data from the urban agglomeration of Basel for the year 1997 is used. This unique data set contains tax information from all households that moved either within the city center of Basel or from the city center to the outskirts. The community choice of the households is investigated within the framework of the random utility maximization model (RUM). A theoretical model with progressive income taxation is developed to identify the household preferences applied in the RUM. Different econometric spezifications of the error...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Location Choice; Discrete Choice; Multinomial Probit; Mixed Logit; Spatial Autocorrelation; Income Segregation; Public Economics; H71; H73; R20; R23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26217

Why do People Stay? Insider Advantages and Immobility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Peter A.; Holm,   Einar; Malmberg,   Gunnar; Straubhaar,   Thomas.
The low mobility of people in Europe is considered a problem for adjustment to asymmetric shocks and regional convergence in the European Monetary Union. We suggest a complement to the traditional migration theories, the insider advantages approach to explain why most Europeans prefer to stay. Staying immobile they have accumulated work- and leisure-oriented insider advantages that are location-specific and would be lost in the case of emigration. Therefore, the longer people have stayed - and the more insider advantages they have accumulated -, the less likely they are to move. Using a new micro dataset covering all people resident in Sweden in 1994 and their mobility experience since 1985, we find a strong positive duration dependence of the probability...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; F22; J60; R23.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26310

Rural Out-Migration, Income, and Poverty: Are Those Who Move Truly Better Off?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marre,   Alexander W.
Are working-age rural migrants to urban areas really better off?  This paper uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1979 to 1997 to answer this question.  It builds on literature by Fisher (2005, 2007) on the role of unmeasured characteristics in influencing rural residential choice and economic outcomes.  Recursive bivariate probit models of migration and household poverty and two-stage least squares models of migration and household income are estimated for three periods: 1979 to 1985, 1985 to 1991, and 1991 to 1997.  The models used in this study suggest that the relationship between rural out-migration and poverty is mixed, while there appears to be no discernable effect of rural out-migration on income in the short-run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonmetropolitan-metropolitan migration; Rural development; Rural poverty; Nonmetropolitan poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; R23; I32; J24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49346

The Final Frontier? Border Effects and German Regional Wages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brakman,   Steven; Garretsen,   Harry; Schramm,   Marc.
Recent studies of border effects have focused on the intra-country and inter-country comparison of trade flows. It is found that borders have a negative impact on the size of cross-border trade. In order to estimate border effects on a regional level one needs not only data on inter-country but also on intra-country trade. For many countries (regional) data on intra-country trade are simply lacking, which makes an analysis of border effects and border regions cumbersome. In this paper we take a different approach to measure the impact of borders. We estimate a market potential function for German regional wages and by analysing whether German border regions can be distinguished from the other regions in terms of their wages. We use a market potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic geography; Empirical estimation; Germany; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; R10; R12; R23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26233