Consulta: subjectFacets:"Subsidies"
Registros recuperados: 70
Data/hora: 06/06/2024 11:46:53

Who is Right to Fish? Evolving a Social Contract for Ethical Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lam, Mimi E.; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; m.lam@fisheries.ubc.ca; Pauly, Daniel; Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Most debates on government fisheries management, focusing on dramatic fishery collapses, have skirted the ethical dimension implicit in the exploitation, for private gain, of fishery resources that are publicly owned. The privilege to fish, a conditional right often nefariously perceived as a legislated &amp;#8220;right,&amp;#8221; implies ethical responsibilities linked to marine stewardship. To date, however, granting this privilege to fish   has not been legally tethered to the fiduciary responsibilities of   businesses to their clients or governments to their citizens:    sustainable management of fisheries and conservation of living marine resources. Legal rights must be coupled with moral responsibilities if governments, private fishing enterprises,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Corporate responsibility; Fisheries management; Fishing privileges; Marine stewardship; Public ownership; Subsidies; Tragedy of the commons.
Ano: 2010

Livestock Subsidies and Rangeland Degradation in Central Crete
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lorent, Hugues; University of Louvain; hugues.lorent@uclouvain.be; Tsiourlis, Georgios M.; National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF); gmtsiou@fri.gr; Lambin, Eric; University of Louvain; lambin@geog.ucl.ac.be.
Marginal and unstable environmental conditions force stockbreeders in drylands to develop adaptive strategies to ensure stability of production. In intensive market-oriented pastoral systems, the partial substitution of rangeland forage production by external feed increases the influence of commodity prices in stockbreeders&amp;#8217; decisions, which become increasingly decoupled from environmental constraints. In Mediterranean countries of the European Union (EU), Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies also influence agricultural practices, potentially increasing environmental impacts. By modeling subsidy allocation to sheep and goat breeders in Crete, we showed that livestock subsidies for Less Favoured Areas (LFA) stimulated flock growth up to a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Crete; Desertification; Sheep and goats; Subsidies; Vegetation-cover trend.
Ano: 2009

An Empirical Analysis of the Social and Ecological Outcomes of State Subsidies for Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case Study from Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA); georgina.cundill@gmail.com; Tapia, Carlos; Universidad de La Serena; ctjopia@yahoo.es.
Small-scale fisheries, which are often associated with low levels of income and poor infrastructure, receive substantial funding from governmental institutions worldwide. Very few empirical studies have explored the outcomes of these investments for people and ecosystems. This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at assessing the social and ecological outcomes of government subsidies for small-scale fisheries through an analysis of 32 fishing villages, referred to as caletas, in Chile over a 12-year period. Findings suggest that the funding appears to be higher for those caletas with the highest value landings and is unrelated to socioeconomic need or poverty; that caletas in rural areas receive less investment than their urban counterparts; that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chile; Small-scale fisheries; Subsidies.
Ano: 2011

Bioeconomic model of the dynamics of fisheries facing global economic and environment changes: the French Guyana shrimp fishery
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Chaboud, Christian; Thebaud, Olivier.
In the past two decades, the French Guyana shrimp fishery has known dramatic evolutions, largely driven by global changes. On the economic side, two major driving factors are the globalization of the shrimp market, with a decreasing trend in real prices, an d the long-term increase in fuel prices worldwide. On the environmental side, recruitment of the two main species of shrimp targeted in the fishery seems to have decreased over the last decade. This decrease is probably related to hydroclimatic modifications linked to global change. It is important to assess the adaptive capacity of the fishery facing such changes, as well as the relevance of past and future public policies to improve this capacity.  A key component of this adaptive capacity is the way...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modeling; Fishery management; Subsidies; Shrimp; French Guyana.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00243/35473/33988.pdf

Public-aided crises in the French fishing sector
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mesnil, Benoit.
According to the media the French fishing industry has been in permanent state of crisis for the last 40 years. This paper recounts the events surrounding three major episodes of crises (late 1970s, mid-1990s, and early 2000s), and the measures taken by governments to resolve them. Invariably, these involved the distribution of sizeable amounts of public aids, in different forms, to the fishing sector. The efficacy of the subsidy programmes is discussed with reference to the goals stated by their proponents, regarding trade balance, competitiveness, profitability, employment and safety. Overall, the massive aids granted to the sector (comparable with the gross value of landings, annually) have not achieved the stated objectives and, paradoxically, have...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: France; Subsidies; Fisheries policies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4538.pdf

A future for marine fisheries in Europe (Manifesto of the Association Francaise d'Halieumetrie)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gascuel, D.; Bez, Nicolas; Forest, Andre; Guillotreau, P.; Laloe, F.; Lobry, Jeremy; Mahevas, Stephanie; Mesnil, Benoit; Rivot, Etienne; Rochette, S.; Trenkel, Verena.
We, members of the Association Francaise d'Halieumetrie, share the conviction that European fisheries have a future. It is time to get off the wrong track. Radical change is required to embark on the path of sustainable development and truly implement the ecosystem approach to fisheries. Today, high fishing pressure is deployed to catch a rare resource, which in return is responsible for the rarity. We must reverse the situation: an abundant resource that affords high catches applying moderate fishing pressure. All management tools and especially all actors must be mobilized. The transition is not simple, and European solidarity must accompany the changes. It is well worth the effort. By reducing fishing pressure, it will be possible in the medium term to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Access regulation; Ecosystem approach to fisheries; European Common Fishery Policy; ITQ; MPA; MSY; Management plan; Overcapacity; Subsidies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00035/14598/11947.pdf

Commercialization of sorghum milling in Botswana: trends and prospects
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Husking; Grain; Retail marketing; Cereals; Marketing boards; Markets; Prices; Maize; Subsidies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4221

Farmers' Practices and Soil and Water Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
Palavras-chave: Watersheds; Bunding; Soil conservation; Soil degradation; Resource conservation; Participation; Land resources; Water harvesting; Subsidies; Moisture conservation.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4094

KÉNYSZERŰ ÉRTÉKVESZTÉS A MEZŐGAZDASÁGI TERMÉKEK PIACÁN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varga,   Tibor.
Witnessing the long-standing resource insufficiency in Hungarian agriculture, the question arises: aside from obviously low efficiencies, to what extent have unfavorable prices led to this situation. In my presentation I will try to answer the question whether, assuming some kind of value-categories or other as given and measured against this, the permanent erosion of agricultural prices can be established. If so, could declining prices be connected to specific features of the agricultural sector? These answers may be useful for experts in make arrangements for decisions of agricultural policy. Research on micro-economic principles, shows that for an analysis of the value-distortion of our prices the equilibrium prices of the so-called “Walras market” (a...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Forráshiány; Ár értékaránytalanság; Támogatás; Élelmiszerláncok; Lack of sources; Price - value unballane; Subsidies; Food-chain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43333

Public Money for Public Goods: Winners and Losers from CAP Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zahrnt,   Valentin.
To attain fundamental reform of the post-2013 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), a serious debate is needed in 2009/10 that prepares the decisions to be taken in 2011/12. The paper contributes to this debate, first, by arguing that the Single Farm Payment should not become the mainstay of the future CAP but be gradually phased out. Second, it proposes that the existing two-pillar structure of the CAP should be replaced by a public goods pillar (containing all efficient policies to be preserved) and a discretionary pillar (encompassing all inefficient policies to be removed over time). This would give member states flexibility in how they phase out inefficient policies, while the EU reform agenda would not be clogged with the contentious details of their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CAP; Subsidies; Budget review; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51300

A MAGYAR ÖKOTERMELÉS ÁTTEKINTÉSE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gyarmati,   Gabor.
A hazai ökológiai gazdálkodás növekedési pályára állt az ezredforduló táján, de 2004-től a vállalkozások számának és az ökológiai művelés alá vont területek nagyságának növekedési mértéke csökkent, majd visszaesés következett be. Az ökológiai termelést végző vállalkozások nagy része jó adottságokkal rendelkező nagygazdaság, amelyek párhuzamos termelést folytatnak, és olyan elkötelezett kisvállalkozás, amelyek gazdasági súlya nem jelentős. Egyes rossz adottságú gazdaságok földjeiket átállítják ökológiai státuszra, a támogatás végett. A műve-lési ágak között nagyobb a gyep (rét, legelő, 53,6%) és alacsonyabb a szántó (26,4%) aránya. A gyepterületek könnyen átminősíthetők ökológiai területté, vi-szont gazdasági értékük nem jelentős. A vetésszerkezetben a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ökológiai gazdálkodás; Támogatás; Hazai-és xportpiac; Subsidies; Domestic and export market; Organic farming; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57645

Impact of China’s Agriculture Policies on Domestic and World Commodity Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Seeley,   Ralph.
China’s agricultural and trade policies have been shifting despite little change in policy objectives.  This paper investigates potential implications of recent agriculture policies applied in China, and quantitatively analyzes their impacts on domestic and international commodity markets. Results from a 42 country partial equilibrium dynamic agricultural simulation model indicate that the effects on international markets are likely to be small with world price impacts of less than one percent.  The set of policies partially offset each other in the international market. Results indicate increased returns to farmers and lowering domestic prices to consumers. China’s producers increase production slightly because of increased input subsidies. Exports are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Policy; Trade; Value added tax; Export tax; Subsidies; VAT rebates; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51704

Az öntözéses gazdálkodásról a Tisza-tó és a nagykunsági öntözőrendszert ellátó főcsatorna átadásának 30. évfordulóján
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lengyel,   Lajos.
Az öntözés mint agrotechnikai tényező a mezőgazdasági termelés intenzifi kálásának egyik eszköze és lehetősége. Bevezetése többletberuházással, nagyobb ráfordításokkal oldható meg. Öntözéssel a természetes csapadékellátás ingadozásai csökkenthetők, a termelés biztonsága és a hozamok növelhetők. Alkalmazását az üzemi feltételek és célok mellett makrogazdasági és klimatikus hatások is indokolják. Az elmúlt fél évszázad hazai öntözésfejlesztésében a Tiszalöki, a Kiskörei Vízlépcső és Öntözőrendszerei tervezése, kivitelezése és működtetése napjainkban is sok hasznosítható tanulsággal és tapasztalattal szolgál, mint például a komplex szemléletű térségi, üzemi vízgazdálkodás és öntözésfejlesztés, az állami beavatkozás a tervek összehangolásától az üzemi...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Öntözéses gazdálkodás; Öntözésfejlesztés; Klímaváltozás; Komplex szemlélet; Támogatások; Irrigation; Irrigated farming; Development of irrigation; Climate change; Holistic view; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58604

A műszaki fejlesztési környezet néhány meghatározó eleme az Európai Unió mezőgazdaságában
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baranyai,   Zsolt.
A vizsgálat eredményei rámutattak arra, hogy az EU-országok üzemei meglehetősen heterogének a műszaki fejlesztés feltételrendszerét illetően, amely magában foglalja az üzemi koncentráció mértékét, a műszaki fejlesztés színvonalát, a rendelkezésre álló pénzügyi forrásokon (fedezeti összeg és támogatás) keresztül megjelenő fejlesztési potenciált és a fejlesztésekben lekötött tőke hatékonyságát is. Magyarország helyzetét értékelve, sajnálatos módon kedvezőtlen tendenciák mutathatók ki, hasonlóan a legtöbb 2004-ben csatlakozott országhoz. A fennálló problémák megoldását az ágazat racionális fejlesztése jelenti, melyben a tőkehatékonysági szempon¬tok kiemelt szerepet kapnak. A tőkehatékonyság javulását eredményezheti a kon¬centráció, ami bekövetkezhet egyrészt...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Jövedelmezőség; Műszaki fejlesztés; Támogatás; Tőkehatékonyság; Versenyképesség; Profitability; Technical development; Subsidies; Capital efficiency; Competitiveness; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92498

State Trading Enterprises: A Canadian Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Annand,   Mel.
This paper provides a Canadian perspective on the debate about state trading enterprises in the World Trade Organization. STEs carry out important economic functions as part of national policies. STEs can do this without distorting competitive equilibrium in trade. From an economic and legal standpoint, STEs can properly function within the WTO system. The paper comments on why WTO rules on STEs may be practically meaningless, given the lack of application of the STE rules in WTO dispute resolution. The suggestion is made that the direction of legal inquiry into STEs should focus on the question of trade influence, rather than on the political question of government control of STEs. The real economic trade effects of STEs are the important aspects of STE...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ideology; State trading; Subsidies; Unfair trade; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23834

Towards a shift from agricultural to rural development policy. The case of the Republic of Macedonia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Todorov,   Kiril; Vittuari,   Matteo.
Public support for agriculture in R. Macedonia is characterized by a significant evolution, but it is still largely affected by the lack of a consistent long-term development-oriented strategy. Within this framework measures for agricultural and rural development are changing on annual basis generating consistent disorientation among final users.  However, with the Strategy for Approximation of the Macedonian Agro-Food Sector to the CAP of the EU, Macedonian agricultural policy has taken a major step towards the process of identification of its own resources in order to create the necessary basis for the design of a new agriculture and rural development policy.  The paper aims at assessing the place that agriculture has in the overall economy and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Subsidies; Policy; Resources; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94898

Converting to organic farming in France: Is there a selection problem?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Nauges,   Celine.
Using a sample of French crop farms during the 1999-2006 period, we test whether less technically efficient farmers are more likely to engage in organic farming in order to benefit from conversion subsidies. Despite some limitations in our data, we find no evidence of such selection effect. On the contrary, our estimation results indicate that more technically efficient farmers are more likely to convert to organic farming. This finding is found to be robust to the method of calculation of efficiency scores, either parametric or non-parametric. This study also confirms that farm’s characteristics (education, farm size and legal status) and farmers’ practices under conventional farming do impact the probability of conversion to OF.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Technical efficiency; Subsidies; Selection; France; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109386

Chinese Tariff Rate Quota v.s. U.S. Subsidies: What Affects the World Cotton Market More?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Ethridge,   Don E.
Paper replaced with new version 8/17/05
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; International trade; Subsidies; TRQ; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19111

Uptake of Sexed Semen by UK Suckler Beef Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franks,   J.R.; Telford,   D.J.; Beard,   A.P.
Dairy farmers have been able to use sexed semen from dairy breeds to pre-determine the sex of calves since 2000, sexed semen from beef bulls is not currently commercially available, but is expected within 2 years. A survey of a stratified random sample of suckler cow farmers is used to identify the potential uptake of sexed semen when it becomes available using a logistic limited dependent variable model to identify different characteristics between farmers who intend to use sexed semen and those who do not. Herd size, the perception of the quality of bulls used to produce sexed semen, anticipated problems using AI, concern over conception rates, the cost and profitability of using sexed semen and herd replacement policy are found to be the major factors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Herd replacements; Sexed semen; Suckler beef production; Subsidies; Technical innovation; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24334

Major changes in Hungarian agricultural economy as a result of EU-membership
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vajda,   Laszlo; Baksa,   Adrienn.
The Common Agricultural Policy of the EU has been a dominant factor in the development of the Hungarian agricultural economy for several years; and it will continue to be in the years to come. CAP is in a state of continuous change; it is constantly being reformed and developed. In relation to this, the common budget of the enlarged European Union should cover the finances of the existing Community policies, and meet the criteria of enhancing competitiveness. To arrive at this balance is a great challenge for the EU. At the same time, maintaining a common financing policy in the long term is of special interest to Hungary. To maintain a suitable level of Community preference (import protection) is also important for us, because European requirements on...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economy; Rural development; Foreign trade in agricultural products; Competitiveness; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48086

False answers in Hungarian agriculture after accession to European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baranyai,   Zsolt.
The research based on primary data examines the answers given by Hungarian farms to the challenges of the changing economic environment following the accession to the European Union. The experience shows that the Hungarian farms have given basically false answers to the changing economic relation system. The subsidies have emerged on the market as "visible hands" and by allowing their impact which distorted the economic rationality, the basic economic aspects of production have been ignored. In the near future it will be especially important to liquidate this abnormal situation. This step will definitely indicate the demand to separate the social and producing agriculture, providing ground for the spreading of farmers’ cooperation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Cooperation; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43849

Impact of CAP Direct Payments on French Farms’ Managerial Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal.
This paper investigates the relationship between CAP direct payments and managerial efficiency for French crop and beef farms. Managerial efficiency scores are calculated using a four-step approach that allows to disentangle managerial inefficiency from other technical inefficiency components, notably what is due to unfavourable environment conditions. Then managerial efficiency scores are regressed over a set of explanatory variables, including CAP direct payments. Our empirical application, based on individual farm data and meteorological data at the municipality level for the year 2000, shows that there is a substantial component of inefficiency that is due to unfavourable conditions. Moreover, there is a significant negative relationship between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Managerial efficiency; Subsidies; Crop farms; Beef farms; France; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44144

Developments in the Agricultural and Rural Capital Market of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Angelova,   Biljana; Bojnec,   Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capital market; Farm income; Subsidies; Loans; Agricultural and rural development; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117490

Do U.S. Cotton Subsidies Affect Competing Exporters? An Analysis of Import Demand in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; McPhail,   Lihong Lu; Kiawu,   James.
We estimate the demand for imported cotton in China and assess the competitiveness of cotton-exporting countries. Given the assertion that developing countries are negatively affected by U.S. cotton subsidies, our focus is the price competition between the United States and competing exporters (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, India, and Uzbekistan). We further project how U.S. programs affect China’s imports by country. Results indicate that if U.S. subsidies make other exporting countries worse off, this effect is lessened when global prices respond accordingly. If subsidies are eliminated, China’s cotton imports may not fully recover from the temporary spike in global prices.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: China; Cotton; Import demand; Rotterdam model; Subsidies; United States; West Africa; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123786

Household Energy Demand and the Equity and Efficiency Aspects of Subsidy Reform in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olivia,   Susan; Gibson,   John.
The proper design of price interventions requires consideration of equity and efficiency effects. In this paper, budget survey data from 29,000 Indonesian households are used to estimate a demand system for five energy sources, which is identified by the spatial variation in unit values (expenditures divided by quantities). We correct for the various quality and measurement error biases that result when unit values are used as proxies for market prices. The price elasticities are combined with tax and subsidy rates to calculate the marginal social cost of price changes for each item. The results suggest that even at high levels of inequality aversion there is a strong case for reducing the large subsidies on gasoline and kerosene, supporting the reforms...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Energy; Fuels; Subsidies; Unit Values; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D12; Q31.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25745

The Impact of Feedstock Supply and Petroleum Price Variability on Domestic Biofuel and Feedstock Markets – The Case of the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David; Surry,   Yves R.
The promotion of biofuel use in preference to traditional petroleum-based transportation fuel has linked agricultural commodity markets and energy markets more closely together. Biofuel policies can involve multiple policy instruments, but studies examining their effects on biofuel feedstock and energy markets are scarce. In addition, the impact of alternative policy approaches in the context of variability in petroleum prices and the supply of biofuel feedstock has received limited attention. Focusing on the current situation in the United States, in which prohibitively high duties prevent imports of ethanol, this paper examines how variability in the price of petroleum and corn supply affects domestic market variability under three types of domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Subsidies; Mandates; Variability; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58486

Políticas de precios y subsidios agrícolas: impactos macroeconómico y sectorial: Perú 1985-1988
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier.
Este documento presenta y analiza las principales políticas aplicadas por el gobierno aprista para reactivar el agro peruano, evaluando su viabilidad financiera de corto y mediano plazo y sus efectos sobre el propio sector agrario y la economía en su conjunto. Describe y analiza la política de precios agrícolas, la política cambiaria y la política crediticia; evalúa los efectos de las políticas macroeconómicas descritas y de los subsidios agrícolas, en especial aquéllos que inciden sobre la inflación, el déficit fiscal y los términos de intercambio intersectoriales.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economia agraria; Politica agraria; Sector agropecuario; Precios agricolas; Politica de precios; Subsidios; Peru; Agricultural economics; Agrarian policy; Agricultural sector; Agricultural prices; Prices policy; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42288

Elixir or opiate? An assessment of minor irrigation policies in North Bengal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Agricultural development; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Social aspects; Organizations; Farmers’ associations; Subsidies; Policy; Participatory management; Governmental interrelations; Small scale systems; Performance evaluation; Economic aspects; Deep tube wells; Shallow tube wells; Lift irrigation; Rural development; Poverty alleviation; Pumps; Technology transfer; Cooperatives; Mechanization; Institutions; Leadership; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92706

Az Európai Unió agrárérdekei
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Udovecz,   Gabor.
Az EU tagállamai mindenben különböznek, de azonosak a közösséghez való tartozásban. Az eltérő adottságok, fejlettségi szint, hagyományok, értékek és érdekek közös nevezőre hozása kompromisszumok révén valósul meg. A közelmúltban azonban olyan újabb változások jelentek meg az EU-ban, melyek az agrárszférát, annak érdekeit és megoldásait gyökeresen átrendezhetik.                   -               The EU member states have nothing in common except that they all belong to the community. The reconciliation of diverse conditions, stages of development, traditions, values and  interests takes place via compromise. Recently, however, new changes have appeared within the EU, which could fundamentally alter the agricultural sector and its interests and solutions....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU; Tagállamok különbözőségei; Támogatások; Eredményesség; Változások; EU; Member states’ diversity; Subsidies; Success; Changes; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57732

BILATERAL TRADE OF DURUM WHEAT AND BARLEY UNDER CUSTA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM PRICE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of Canadian exports of durum wheat and barley to the United States on the U.S. domestic prices of these two commodities and farm income in durum wheat and barley growing regions in the United States. Major factors affecting trade flows of agricultural commodities between the United States and Canada are the U.S. export enhancement program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, marketing power of the Canadian Wheat Board, differences in macroeconomic conditions, and differences in resource endowments. They have influenced Canadian exports positively and resulted in major increases in Canadian exports of agricultural commodities to the United States. The increased Canadian exports reduce domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral Trade; Farm Income; Subsidies; Resource Endowments; Durum Wheat; Barley; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23415

The range and the structure of subsidies in agriculture companies reaching a different economical level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svobodova,   Eliska; Vinohradsky,   Karel.
The paper deals with a range and a structure of subsidies in agricultural companies reach a different economic level and farm in different natural conditions.  The research realized within a set of 109 agricultural companies of NUTS II South-East throughout the years 2001-2003 shows that the endowment support of field economy had the same extent in the main (subsidies for 1 ha of agricultural land and for one worker), both in the group of different economic level and in the group of agricultural companies running their own business in different natural conditions during this period.  The structure of subsidies, in a view-point of their special purpose, is a bit different among the companies running businesses in less favored areas (LFA), namely in a higher...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural companies; Subsidies; Economical level of companies; Natural conditions; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96852

Productivity and Subsidies in European Union Countries: An Analysis for Dairy Farms Using Input Distance Frontiers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Bravo-Ureta,   Boris E.; Moreira,   Victor H.; Desjeux,   Yann; Dupraz,   Pierre.
The major objective of this paper is to examine the association between agricultural subsidies and farm efficiency using data from the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for operations specializing on dairy. The analysis covers the 18 year period going from 1990 to 2007 and includes the following seven countries: Denmark; France; Germany; Ireland; Spain; the Netherlands; and the United Kingdom. Separate translog stochastic input distance frontiers are estimated for each country. The key results show high average technical efficiency (TE) ranging from 91.8% to 94.9%, average rates of technological change going from -0.6% to 1.4%, and increasing returns to scale (1.24 to 1.44) across all seven countries. In addition, higher subsidy and hired labor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Subsidies; CAP; Technical efficiency; Technological progress; Returns to scale; Europe; Dairy production; Input distance frontiers; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114396

Tell Me Where It Hurts, an' I'll Tell You Who to Call: Industrialize Countries' Agricultural Policies and Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio; Robinson,   Sherman; Orden,   David.
This paper accomplishes two objectives. First, it provides simulation results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that have helped focus the debate about the potential effects of agricultural trade liberalization on developing countries. The aggregate numbers show modest net positive effects over a medium-term period (five years out). First, when developed countries fully remove their subsidies and trade barriers, welfare and GDP of the developing countries rise, as do value added in agricultural production and agro-industries, and agricultural exports. Focal point estimates that we provide are increases in welfare and GDP of $10 billion and $15 billion, respectively, while agricultural value added increases $23 billion and agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Developing countries; Industrialized countries; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Trade liberalization; Trade barriers; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59823

Investment, Subsidies, and Pro-Poor Growth in Rural India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Gulati,   Ashok; Thorat,   Sukhadeo.
This paper reviews the trends in government subsidies and investments in and for Indian agriculture; develops a conceptual framework and model to assess the impact of various subsidies and investments on agricultural growth and poverty reduction; and, presents several reform options with regard to reprioritizing government spending and improving institutions and governance. There are three major findings. First, initial subsidies in credit, fertilizer, and irrigation have been crucial for small farmers to adopt new technologies. Small farms are often losers in the initial adoption stage of a new technology since prices of the agricultural products are typically being pushed down by greater supply of products from large farms, which adopted the new...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural poverty; Agricultural growth; Investment; Subsidies; India; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42397

Strategic Behavior and Trade in Agricultural Commodities - Competition in World Peanut Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F12; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25362

Support Scheme of Food Processing Firms: A Driving Force for Rural Development?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trefflich,   Annette; Uetrecht,   Inge; Efken,   Josef; Schafer,   Martin; Steinbauer,   Christina; Wendt,   Heinz.
The agri-food sector was given remarkable amounts of funding by all German federal states in the framework of the Measure g ‘Improving Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products’ within the rural development programs. Based on literature and data we obtained by evaluating this program we identified some indicators representative for illustration of sustainable development, Apart from project data we used the official statistics and the method of case studies. Via selected indicators we received some signs of sustainable development in enterprises of the agri-food industry that also influence the development of rural area. Some statements are restricted because net effects can not be determined. The need for subsidies is discussed as well as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Economic development; Case studies; Subsidies; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90868

Recession, International Trade and the Fallacies of Composition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
A truly global recession has not been manifest since the Great Depression of the 1930s. As a result, the multilateral institutions put in place at the end of the Second World War to ensure that a major depression never happened again have not been tested. One of the lessons of the Great Depression was that governments had a major role to play in managing the economy. The use of subsidies to affect economic outcomes was one manifestation of this expanded role. In a recession, sector specific subsidies will likely be requested by firms. Subsidies can distort trade, leading to the potential for beggar thy neighbour subsidy wars. Subsidies will be difficult to discipline in a global recession.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beggar thy neighbour; Deficits; Paradox of thrift; Recession; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48788

Subsidies, Production Structure and Technical Change: A Cross-Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Sauer,   Johannes.
The effect of subsidies on production and technical change of crop farms in France and the United Kingdom (UK) during 1980-2006 is investigated. Subsidies were not neutral on production decisions, in terms of production intensity and type. Crop farms in both countries have experienced technical progress during the period studied, higher in France. Technical progress has favoured labour and chemicals in both countries, land in France, capital in the UK, while it has disfavoured land in the UK and capital in France. Technical change has been slowed down by crop area subsidies but increased by agri-environmental subsidies in both countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical change; Subsidies; Input bias; Crop farms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61148

Accommodating Imperfect Competition in A Model of World Peanut Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19460

Econometric Analysis of the Effects of Subsidies on Farm Production in Case of Endogenous Input Quantities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henningsen,   Arne; Kumbhakar,   Subal C.; Lien,   Gudbrand D.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/29/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Panel data; Subsidies; Household model; Endogeneity; Norwegian grain farming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49728

25 Years of Food Policy Research: Reflections by Per Pinstrup-Anderson
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per.
On the occasion of IFPRI's 25th anniversary, the author has selected a few subjects where the Institute has made an important and recognized contribution to food policy research, either by itself or, more frequently, with others. In each case the topic has broad application and the research includes innovative conclusions or methodology. This has necessarily meant looking more to the past than the present, although in many cases the work is continuing and promises a good deal more, in addition to what has already been achieved. He addresses IFPRI's accomplishments and the influence it has had on the development community’s views on policy issues and the nature of development in general. These areas are discussed: Global Food Trends, Food Subsidies, Markets...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: International Food Policy Research Institute -- History; Environmental policies; Globalization Food security; Subsidies; Trade; Food policies; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42888

Fruit Policies in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ito,   Kenzo; Dyck,   John H.
Government programs and subsidies regulate and support Japan’s large fruit-production sector, bolstering farm incomes and output levels. Supply-management programs that target annual production levels for some fruits, in order to maintain market prices, contribute to higher prices for consumers, although other programs aim to increase fruit consumption. Japan’s tariffs and phytosanitary measures also create barriers to fruit consumption and limit imports. Producers in the United States, a major fruit supplier to Japan, could benefit from reduced barriers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Japan; Fruits; Policies; Production; Subsidies; Insurance; Farm markets; Tariffs; Phytosanitary measures; U.S. Department of Agriculture; USDA; Economic Research Service; ERS; FTS-341-01; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92336

AGRARIAN BUDGET AS AN INSTRUMENT OF AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF SERBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kardovic,   Danko.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural budget; Agricultural policy; Subsidies; Premiums; Support; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53581

Evolution of tubewell ownership and production in the North China Plain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Jinxia; Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott.
The overall aim of the present paper is to better understand the evolution of tubewell ownership in the North China Plain, especially focusing on the factors that determine ownership and its effect on production. Based on a random sample of 30 villages in three counties in the Hai River Basin, our results show that collectively owned tubewells have been gradually privatised. The analyses demonstrate that increasing water and land scarcity and policy intervention (mainly fiscal and financial subsidies for tubewell investment) leads to the observed shifts in tubewell ownership patterns. The results also show that the privatisation of tubewells has affected cropping patterns in the North China Plain. When villages shift towards private tubewells, farmers move...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; China; Privatisation; Subsidies; Tubewell ownership; Water scarcity; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118452

Growth and Equity Effects of Agricultural Marketing Efficiency Gains in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Maurice R.; Burfisher,   Mary E.
Agriculture is the largest source of employment in India, and food accounts for about half of consumer expenditures. Moving agricultural products from the farm to consumers more efficiently could result in large gains to producers, consumers, and India’s overall economy. This analysis uses a computable general equilibrium model with agricultural commodity detail and households disaggregated by rural, urban, and income class to study the potential impacts of reforms that achieve efficiency gains in agricultural marketing and reduce agricultural input subsidies and import tariffs. More efficient agricultural marketing generates economywide gains in output and wages, raises agricultural producer prices, reduces consumer food prices, and increases private...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Policy reform; Marketing efficiency; Tariffs; Subsidies; Households; Computable general equilibrium model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55959

Farm performance and support in Central and Western Europe: a comparison of Hungary and France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Latruffe,   Laure.
The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency and in productivity change, and the technology gaps, between French and Hungarian farms in the dairy and cereal, oilseeds and proteinseeds (COP) sectors during the period 2001-2004. The analyses are performed with national FADN data and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach under each country’s respective frontier and under a metafrontier. Results revealed that in both the dairy and the COP sectors, Hungarian farms’ technology was the more productive, despite a technological deterioration. This suggests technological advantages for large-scale (Hungarian) over small-scale (French) farming in these two sectors. These findings may also be explained by the higher policy support in France....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology gap; Technical efficiency; Malmquist indices; Subsidies; Farms; Production Economics; P51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51053

Reforming the EU's Common Agricultural Policy: Health Check, Budget Review, Doha Round
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zahrnt,   Valentin.
Policy-makers are quarrelling about the future of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). France intends to conclude a CAP reform during its 2008 EU Presidency before a thorough Budget Review is due in 2009 that will revise CAP spending. The Doha Round of WTO negotiations might necessitate further decisions on agricultural tariff cuts at any time. This Policy Brief provides recommendations for agricultural policy reform in the EU. It argues, first, that all measures that distort market prices and production should be abolished. This includes production quotas, land set-asides, storage aids, export refunds, output payments, and area payments. Second, the Single Farm Payment (SFP), which provides income support to farmers independently of their current...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CAP; EU; Multifunctionality; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47838

A MARHAHIZLALÁS GAZDASÁGOSSÁGÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA EGY SOMOGY MEGYEI VÁLLALKOZÁSBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csonka,   Arnold; Kemeny,   Gabor.
Az anyatehén állomány fajtaátalakítására irányuló döntés két évjáraton elvégzett mérések tapasztalata alapján a hizlalási tevékenység szempontjából is indokoltnak bizonyult. A takarmányozás költségeinek elemzése alapján leszögezhetjük, hogy a marhahizlalásban nem engedhető meg a gyenge minőségű, irreálisan alacsony hozamú és ezáltal rendkívül drága tömegtakarmány etetése. Igaz ez akkor is, ha a magas önköltség elismerése által hozzájárul más ágazatok eredményéhez. Ezt a speciális természeti adottságú termőterület sem indokolja, hiszen megfelelő technológiával és odafigyeléssel a gyenge termőképességű táblákon is meg tudták duplázni a hozamot. A nyereséges termelés alapvető feltétele a tudatos, szakszerű tömegtakarmány-termesztés. A tevékenység eredményének...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Takarmányozási költség csökkentés; Támogatás; Szezonális értékesítés - costs of breeding; Subsidies; Sezonal sale; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54311

“FADN - FER system description and its exploitability in Agricultural Policies impact evaluation: the system can accept further development specification in order to assist Policies design and evaluation?”
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esposito,   Laura; Macri,   Antonio; Tommasi,   Irene.
In this paper we examined subsides received from actions set in motion by the two Pillars of EU Structural Policies. Data come from Fadn-Fer system that collects a large number of variables regarding results and economical behaviour of farmers active in the rural areas, including business and public entrepreneurs. Both FADN register and FER questionnaire collect data on CAP and RD contributes received to perform activities proposed by CAP/RD Pillars and measures; then FADN -FER databases can be used for Policies evaluation exercises as well as to improve Policies’ design and targets. The available vectors of data have been analyzed through an approach that aims to represent the principal financial records and figures of the EU structural policies in two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Policies Evaluation; Subsidies; Type of farming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; R11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99584

VIDÉKI VERSENYKÉPESSÉG – VERSENYKÉPES VIDÉKFEJLESZTÉS (AVOP INTÉZKEDÉSEK ÉS AZOK KOMMUNIKÁCIÓJÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szeles,   Ivett.
In the period of 2004-2006 of the OPARD, Hungary had an amount of HUF 107.8 billion, which was divided through three priorities, and inside these priorities there were ten actions. Through the use of the comparative advantages, the OPARD considers that the improvement of the agricultural production effectiveness, as well as the competitiveness and income security are important. In the areas which are less suitable for competitive economic improvement, it provides sustainable, multifunction agriculture, and the foundation of the conditions of the associated activities. The objective of my thesis is to analyse the measurements by examining their intensity and examining the accepted and refused applications, together with the communication monitoring of these...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Támogatás; Komparatív előnyök; Modellezés; Szaktanácsadás; Subsidies; Comparative advanteges; Model; Extension service; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43319

Keeping young farmers in rural areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hantos,   Krisztina.
Agricultural subsidies alone cannot solve the aging problem of rural areas. In some cases enthusiasm is not enough, because a lack of financial resources prevents young farmers from launching enterprises. Isolation, lack of information and subsistence insecurity are all problems faced by young farmers, which need to be managed. It would be reasonable to extend the support scheme provided for new enterprises to also include those farms which have already been launched, but have not yet reached the size considered viable. Considering that the subsidies involve retrospective financing and that the majority of young farmers are lacking capital, increasing the amount of the advance payment would also be recommended. Young farmers could be further supported by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ageing; Young farmers; Agricultural education; Subsidies; Agricultural information system; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48099

Fiscal Policies in Highly Unequal Societies: Implications for Agricultural Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
The paper discusses the economic effects of misallocation of public expenditures in favor of private goods rather than public goods. It first lays out certain key hypotheses regarding the consequences of the apparent public sector allocation inefficiency and the factors that explain this phenomenon. It then discusses existing empirical evidence that lends at least indirect support to these hypotheses. Finally, it presents new empirical evidence for the rural sector in Latin America which documents the extent of the misallocation of public expenditures, its consequences for agricultural growth and rural poverty, and the role of certain key politico-institutional factors in explaining the misallocation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Public expenditure; Public goods; Agricultural growth; Subsidies; Social equity; International Development; H40; H41; H42; O13; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112595

Will the EU Single Area Payment decrease farm efficiency in the New Member States?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Douarin,   Elodie; Latruffe,   Laure.
This paper starts the debate regarding the likely impact of post-accession public support in the New Member States on their farming sector’s efficiency. While one aim of farm support in the European Union (EU) is to promote efficient farms that can compete internationally, a higher level of support via the Single Area Payment (SAP) may have adverse effects on farms’ performance. Analyses using pre-accession technical efficiency scores calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and post-accession farmer’s intentions, lead to the conclusion that the implementation of the SAP may decrease farm efficiency. The main reasons are the negative link between farm efficiency and subsidies already present in pre-EU accession Lithuania, and the change in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Single Area Payment; Technical efficiency; Size; Subsidies; Lithuania; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51625

Long-Term Unemployment and Subsidizing Vacancies in a Growth-Matching Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birk,   Angela.
How can long-term unemployment be reduced by policy measures of the government? In this paper a growth-matching-model is developed, in which the unemployment pool consists of heterogeneous unemployed workers, short-term and long-term unemployed, and with an endogenous skill-depreciation of the long-term unemployed emerging as technical progress accelerates. For innovation countries characterized by rapid technical progress we show that through subsidizing vacancy creation which causes a substitution and an income effect long-term unemployment can be reduced. Since the positive substitution effect implied by subsidizing vacancy creation outweighs the negative income effect induced by taxing the household's income, a positive employment effect results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Long-term unemployment; Growth; Search; Matching; Subsidies; Labor and Human Capital; E24; J41; O41.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26194

When Government Spending Serves the Elites: Consequences for Economic Growth in a Context of Market Imperfections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Islam,   Asif M.
Government spending should be regarded as a social and political phenomenon, not merely as a technical choice. We argue that there is an implicit contract between the organized elites and politicians which often leads to a pro-elite allocation of public resources. A natural and simple taxonomy of government spending follows from this view: spending in public goods broadly defined which mitigate market failures versus spending in non-social subsidies, mainly a vehicle to serve the elites. We theoretically and empirically show that pro-elite spending biases are costly in terms of economic growth. The empirical findings are exceptionally robust.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Government spending; Economic growth; Market imperfections; Investment; Subsidies; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45875

A Microeconomic Model for Subsidies Allocation:  the Case of Belarus
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svetlov,   Nikolai M.; Kazakevich,   Iryna A.
The paper develops a microeconomic methodological framework that allows approaching subsidy allocation across the types of assets and impact of subsidies on agricultural outputs and profits. The methodology is based on a non-parametric production frontier estimation. The empirical application is made to 1084 Belarusian corporate farms. The results suggest targeting governmental support at grain and milk production. In this case, 4.14 trillion Belarusian roubles of subsidies increase the overall profit of the sample farms by 1.46 trillion. In the case of targeting, the farms with higher overall efficiency are more sensitive to the support and are able to absorb larger amount of subsidies. The opposite is true in the absence of targeting.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Microeconomic model; Data envelopment; Subsidies; Belarus; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; K18; C61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90826

The Implications of Alternative U.S. Domestic and Trade Policies for Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David; Surry,   Yves R.
The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard program (RFS), which involves mandates for various biofuels, is complex and has been often misinterpreted or oversimplified in previous studies. In this paper we analyze the implications of the RFS for the U.S. domestic and international ethanol markets. We demonstrate the vital role of the advanced biofuel mandate within the RFS. Impacts of changes in tariffs on imported fuel ethanol and subsidies for U.S. domestic ethanol production are examined. One of our important findings is that the RFS could result in serious misallocation of resources in both a national and international context. There is a possibility that the United States could be required to import sugarcane-based ethanol to meet the advanced biofuel mandate,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Trade liberalization; Renewable Fuel Standard; Mandate; Subsidies; Industrial Organization; F13; Q18; Q42; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91832

The Position Losing of Animal Husbandry in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zsolt,   Nemessalyi.
The author in the presentation deals with the fact that what caused the decline of animal husbandry in contrast with plant production; how this unfavourable ratio of 60:40 could evolve when comparing plant production and animal husbandry What the reason is for the decreasing animal stock; and how the effect of changes in the elements of the economic efficiency such as yields, prices, subsidies, production value, inputs, costs, profits can be evaluated in case of more important animal husbandry enterprises highlighting several significant animal products.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hungary; Animal husbandry; Economic efficiency; Prices; Subsidies; Profit; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49228

Production Effects of Decoupled Commodity Program Payments: An Instrumental Variables Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Kirwan,   Barrett E.; Roberts,   Michael J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Instrumental Variables; IV; Policy; Agriculture; Subsidies; Production; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Q1; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49201

Impact of public subsidies on farms’ technical efficiency in New Member States before and after EU accession
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre; Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Gavrilescu,   Camelia; Jelinek,   Ladislav; Luca,   Lucian; Medonos,   Tomas; Toma,   Camelia.
This paper presents some results of a two-year (2006-2007) research project supported by the French Ministry of Research’s funding program ECONET. One of the project’s objectives was to investigate the determinants of farm technical efficiency in New Member States before and after accession to the European Union, and in particular the role of public subsidies on this performance variable. Four countries were considered: Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovenia, who acceded to the EU in 2004, and Romania, whose accession was in 2007. The study found that subsidies had a negative impact on farm technical efficiency in Hungary over the period 2001-2005, in the Czech dairy corporate sector over the period 2000-2004, in Slovenia over the period 1994-2003, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Farms; Subsidies; Hungary; Czech Republic; Slovenia; Romania; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44142

Effects of the rural credit subsidy on economic growth and welfare of Brazilian regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardoso,   Debora Freire; Teixeira,   Erly Cardoso; Gurgel,   Angelo Costa; Castro,   Eduardo Rodrigues de.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of government spending with the Interest Rates Equalization (IRE) policy on the economic growth of Brazilian regions. Additionally, it aims to measure the opportunity cost of the subsidy in relation to an alternative application in the transportation sector. The model, database, and software from the General Equilibrium Analysis Project of the Brazilian Economy (PAEG) are applied to the simulations. The result shows that the IRE policy provides economic growth in the Midwestern, Northeastern and Southern regions above the cost of the policy. Besides, in the Northern and Southeastern regions, there is a decrease in the GDP. For Brazil, the policy is cost-effective and offers a 34% rate of return....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Subsidies; Economic growth; Brazilian regions; PAEG; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114464

An Overview of the Issues and Positions of the Major Countries in the WTO Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miner,   William M.
Negotiations on agriculture were successfully launched in the WTO early in 2000. In the initial phase, negotiating proposals have been submitted by member countries and are being discussed in special sessions of the WTO Committee on Agriculture. A stock-taking exercise will be held in March 2001 to establish the next steps in the process. Many developments will influence the shape and dynamics of the negotiations, particularly the possibility of a comprehensive trade round. The first part of this paper examines the policy setting for the negotiations. The ongoing integration of economies and accompanying agricultural policy reforms provide an environment for further trade liberalization. Expansion of regional trade agreements and EU enlargement...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural negotiations; Peace clause; Non-trade concerns; Subsidies; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23854

Internationaler Handel und multifunktionale Landwirtschaft : Ein Agrarsektormodell zur Analyse Politischer Optionen und Entscheidungsunterstutzung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Gerald.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Policy analysis; Agricultural trade; Multifunctionality; External effects; Taxes; Subsidies; Sector modeling; International Relations/Trade; C61; C69; D62; H23; H41; Q71; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18824

On the Efficiency of Public and Private Health Care Systems: An Application to Alternative Health Policies in the United Kingdom
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
Health policy will be a major issue in Britain's next general election. The Labour government is committed to a substantial increase in funds for the National Health Service (NHS) and has eliminated tax relief for private health insurance. The Conservative Opposition party favors subsidizing private health insurance, though it has pledged to match the government's funding increases for the NHS. This paper develops and implements a methodology for estimating the welfare effects of increasing public and private health care in the United Kingdom, when these policies are financed either by distortionary taxes or by user fees for the NHS. User fees are currently minimal, and the national health market "clears" by creating waiting costs. In the private sector we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: National Health Service; Private health care; Rationing; Subsidies; Welfare effects; Health Economics and Policy; I18; I11; H42.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10822

Policy distortions in the segmented rice market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rakotoarisoa,   Manitra A.
High production and export subsidies in developed countries and high protection in both developed and developing countries have distorted rice trade. This study estimates the impact of rice policy distortions on developing countries’ rice production and trade potential. Because rice markets are highly segmented, major rice types are differentiated to estimate the impact of current and likely policy reforms. Analysis in long-grain, high-quality rice focuses on rice import and export markets in Latin America and shows that reduction of direct and implicit export subsidies in the US will benefit regional suppliers such as Argentina and Uruguay. Analysis of Indonesia’s import market of ordinary long-grain rice, where protection is high, reveals that tariff...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Subsidies; Rice trade; Rice markets; Tariffs; Imports; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58577

Technical efficiency of organic milk-farms in Germany - the role of subsidies and of regional factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakner,   Sebastian.
This paper investigates the efficiency of organic milk farms in Germany based on data from 1994/95 to 2005/06. Five inputs and one output are analyzed by means of a stochastic frontier production function, allowing for heteroscedasticity and technical effects. The selection of determinants of technical efficiency includes 5 groups of indicators. The analysis is focused on the impacts of farm support of organic farms and of regional factors, that can influence technical efficiency. The results show, that the agri-environmental payments show a negative effect on efficiency. Farms, which receive investment aid, show lower efficiency scores. Finally, the implication for agricultural policy are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency Analysis; Organic Farming; Agglomerations Effects; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q18; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51301

Farm performance and support in Central and Western Europe: A comparison of Hungary and France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Latruffe,   Laure.
The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency and in productivity change, and the technology gaps, between French and Hungarian farms in the dairy and cereal, oilseeds and proteinseeds (COP) sectors during the period 2001-2004. The analyses are performed with national FADN data and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach under each country’s respective frontier and under a metafrontier. Results reveal that Hungarian farms’ technology was more productive, despite a technological deterioration. This suggests technological advantages for large-scale (Hungarian) over small-scale (French) farming. These findings may also be explained by the higher policy support in France.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technology gap; Malmquist indices; Subsidies; Farms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; P51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51431

Subsidies, production structure and technical change – A cross-country comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Latruffe,   Laure; Sauer,   Johannes.
The effect of subsidies on production and technical change of crop farms in France and the United Kingdom (UK) during 1980-2006 is investigated. Subsidies were not neutral on production decisions, in terms of production intensity and type. Crop farms in both countries have experienced technical progress during the period studied, higher in France. Technical progress has favoured labour and chemicals in both countries, land in France, capital in the UK, while it has disfavoured land in the UK and capital in France. Technical change has been slowed down by crop area subsidies but increased by agri-environmental subsidies in both countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical change; Subsidies; Input bias; Crop farms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61109

Agricultural subsidies in the United States and their effect on two annual Chilean crops: corn and wheat
Provedor de dados: 123
Autores: Osorio,José Díaz; Rojas,Roberto Jara.
The development strategies for Chile have been oriented toward a greater commercial openness. Chile and the United States signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that has triggered controversies between producers directed to the internal market due to the production and export subsidies that this country carries out. This study analyzed the effect of subsidies granted by the United States to wheat (Tritricum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays) growers (Farm Bill 2002). For the study, Technical Standard sheet were drawn up, from which were determined the direct production costs and the gross margins. The variables used (market prices, subsidies, freight costs and tariffs) and determining the average variable costs allowed us to do a sensitivity analysis, thus...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Subsidies; Protectionism; Traditional Crops; Free Trade Agreement; Competitiveness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032006000300005

Do subsidies drive technical efficiency? The case of portuguese firms in the agribusiness sector
Provedor de dados: 123
Autores: Salustiano,Silvia Ferreira Marques; Barbosa,Natália; Moreira,Tito Belchior Silva.
Abstract: Successive reforms in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), enlargements of the European Union (EU) and pressures in the public budget increase the need for empirical studies to assess the role of subsidies in shaping firms’ performance and, hence, to support policy-makers decisions and decision-making in the productive sector. This paper assesses whether subsidies affect the technical efficiency of 1,943 Portuguese agribusiness firms over 2007-2015. By applying stochastic frontier models and fixed-effects models, to calculate the average efficiency of these firms, the results show different effects of subsidies among agribusiness sectors. The stochastic frontier model revealed that the subsidies have a positive and significant impact on the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Stochastic frontier; Efficiency; Subsidies.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032020000300212