Consulta: subjectFacets:"Synthesis"
Registros recuperados: 18
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 10:05:45

bis(bis(2-Pyridylthio)arsino)methane
Provedor de dados: 8
Autores: Davies, J. E.; Hursthouse, Michael B.; Coles, Simon J.; Joy, J. S.; Paver, M. A.
Tipo: Crystal Structure Data Holding
Palavras-chave: C~21~H~18~As~2~N~4~S~4~; Inorganic; Stibine; Arsine; Synthesis; X-ray structures; -Stacking; Group 15.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://ecrystals.chem.soton.ac.uk/82/

syn-(mu2-Tetramethylene)-bis(2-(1,3-propylenediamine-N,N')-4,4,6,6-tetrachloro-cyclotriphosphazene
Provedor de dados: 8
Autores: Hursthouse, Michael B.; Coles, Simon J.
Tipo: Crystal Structure Data Holding
Palavras-chave: C~10~H~22~Cl~8~N~10~P~6~; Organic; Spermine bridge; Cyclophosphazene derivatives; Syn/anti polymorphism; Synthesis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://ecrystals.chem.soton.ac.uk/57/

Integration and Implementation Sciences: Building a New Specialization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bammer, Gabriele; National Centre for Epidemiology &amp; Population Health, Australian National University; Gabriele.bammer@anu.edu.au.
Developing a new specialization&amp;#8212;Integration and Implementation Sciences&amp;#8212;may be an effective way to draw together and significantly strengthen the theory and methods necessary to tackle complex societal issues and problems. This paper presents an argument for such a specialization, beginning with a brief review of calls for new research approaches that combine disciplines and interact more closely with policy and practice. It posits that the core elements of Integration and Implementation Sciences already exist, but that the field is currently characterized by fragmentation and marginalization. The paper then outlines three sets of characteristics that will delineate Integration and Implementation Sciences. First is that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Integration; Knowledge management; Participatory methods; Synthesis; Systems thinking; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005

A Handful of Heuristics and Some Propositions for Understanding Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Gunderson, Lance; Emory Universitry; lgunder@emory.edu; Kinzig, Ann; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Carpenter, Steve; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
This paper is a work-in-progress account of ideas and propositions about resilience in social-ecological systems. It articulates our understanding of how these complex systems change and what determines their ability to absorb disturbances in either their ecological or their social domains. We call them &amp;#8220;propositions&amp;#8221; because, although they are useful in helping us understand and compare different social-ecological systems,  they are not sufficiently well defined to be considered formal hypotheses.  These propositions were developed in two workshops, in 2003 and 2004, in which participants compared the dynamics of 15 case studies in a wide range of regions around the world. The propositions raise many questions, and we present a list of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Change; Propositions; Synthesis; Theory; Adaptatability; Transformability.
Ano: 2006

Teleconnected ocean forcing of Western North American droughts and pluvials during the last millennium
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Routson, Cody C.; Woodhouse, Connie A.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Betancourt, Julio L.; Mckay, Nicholas P.
Western North America (WNA) is rich in hydroclimate reconstructions, yet questions remain about the causes of decadal-to-multidecadal hydroclimate variability. Teleconnection patterns preserved in annually-resolved tree-ring reconstructed drought maps, and anomalies in a global network of proxy sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions, were used to reassess the evidence linking ocean forcing to WNA hydroclimate variability over the past millennium. Potential forcing mechanisms of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and individual drought and pluvial events including two multidecadal-length MCA pluvials were evaluated. We show strong teleconnection patterns occurred during the driest (wettest) years within persistent droughts (pluvials), implicating...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Western North America; Drought; Pluvial; Synthesis; Climate change; Multi-proxy.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00496/60719/65283.pdf

Essential Fatty Acid Assimilation and Synthesis in Larvae of the Bivalve Crassostrea gigas
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Da Costa Gonzalez, Fiz; Robert, Rene; Quere, Claudie; Wikfors, Gary H.; Soudant, Philippe.
Essential fatty acids (EFA) are important for bivalve larval survival and growth. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess for the first time through a mass-balance approach dietary EFA incorporation and synthesis within Crassostrea gigas larvae. A first experiment was carried out using two microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea (T) and Chaetoceros neogracile (Cg), as mono- and bi-specific diets. A second experiment using a similar design was performed to confirm and extend the results obtained in the first. Flow-through larval rearing was used for accurate control of food supply and measurement of ingestion. Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids were synthetized from precursors supplied in the diet: 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9, mediated by Delta 5...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Fatty acid; Larvae; Lipids; Metabolism; Oyster; Synthesis.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00268/37962/36086.pdf

Synthesis of hydrochloric acid solution for total mercury determination in natural waters
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Patel-sorrentino, Nathalie; Benaim, Jean-yves; Cossa, Daniel; Lucas, Yves.
Total mercury (Hg-T) determination requires the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid solution (&gt;= 10 mol L-1 HCl) in relatively high amounts to preserve the samples and to prepare reagent solutions. A method for the preparation of concentrated HCl with HgT concentration of lower than 5 ng L-1 is described in this article. It is based on the well-known chemical reaction: 2 NH4Cl+H2SO4 -&gt;(NH4)(2)SO4+2 HCl. This method is validated thanks to the US Environmental Protection Agency method 1631 and standard reference materials BCR-579 (mercury in coastal seawater).
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Synthesis; Hydrochloric acid; Mercury determination; Green analytical chemistry.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00029/14071/11390.pdf

Model-Observations Synergy in the Coastal Ocean
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: De Mey-frémaux, Pierre; Ayoub, Nadia; Barth, Alexander; Brewin, Robert; Charria, Guillaume; Campuzano, Francisco; Ciavatta, Stefano; Cirano, Mauro; Edwards, Christopher A.; Federico, Ivan; Gao, Shan; Garcia Hermosa, Isabel; Garcia Sotillo, Marcos; Hewitt, Helene; Hole, Lars Robert; Holt, Jason; King, Robert; Kourafalou, Villy; Lu, Youyu; Mourre, Baptiste; Pascual, Ananda; Staneva, Joanna; Stanev, Emil V.; Wang, Hui; Zhu, Xueming.
Integration of observations of the coastal ocean continuum, from regional oceans to shelf seas and estuaries/deltas with models, can substantially increase the value of observations and enable a wealth of applications. In particular, models can play a critical role at connecting sparse observations, synthesizing them, and assisting the design of observational networks; in turn, whenever available, observations can guide coastal model development. Coastal observations should sample the two-way interactions between nearshore, estuarine and shelf processes and open ocean processes, while accounting for the different pace of circulation drivers, such as the fast atmospheric, hydrological and tidal processes and the slower general ocean circulation and climate...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Coastal; Ocean; Observations; Models; Synergy; Synthesis; Assimilation; Array design.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00508/61961/66050.pdf

Global data products help assess changes to ocean carbon sink
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Pfeil, Benjamin; Olsen, Are; Sabine, Christopher L.; Metzl, Nicolas; Hankin, Steven; Koyuk, Heather; Kozyr, Alex; Malczyk, Jeremy; Manke, Ansley; Telszewski, Maciej.
Net oceanic uptake of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) reduces global warming but also leads to ocean acidification [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. Understanding and predicting changes in the ocean carbon sink are critical to assessments of future climate change. Surface water CO2 measurements suggest large year-to-year variations in oceanic CO2 uptake for several regions [Doney et al., 2009]. However, there is much debate on whether these changes are cyclical or indicative of long-term trends. Sustained, globally coordinated observations of the surface ocean carbon cycle and systematic handling of such data are essential for assessing variation and trends in regional and global ocean carbon uptake, information necessary...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Ocean; Coastal; Synthesis.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00140/25162/23290.pdf

Some notes on taxonomic methodology
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Hammen, L. van der.
The present paper constitutes an introduction to taxonomic methodology. After an analysis of taxonomic practice, and a brief survey of kinds of attributes, the paper deals with observation, description, comparison, arrangement and classification, hypothesis construction, deduction, model, experiment, abstraction, and synthesis. The methodological aspects of the species-concept and of biological classification are dealt with in two final sections.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Abstraction; Classification; Comparison; Deduction; Description; Experiment; Hypothesis; Methodology; Model; Observation; Species-concept; Synthesis; Systematics; Taxonomy; 42.03; 42.70.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/318283

Impact of continuous flow chemistry in the synthesis of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: SOUZA,JULIANA M. DE; GALAVERNA,RENAN; SOUZA,ALINE A.N. DE; BROCKSOM,TIMOTHY J.; PASTRE,JULIO C.; SOUZA,RODRIGO O.M.A. DE; OLIVEIRA,KLEBER T. DE.
ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive review of the advent and impact of continuous flow chemistry with regard to the synthesis of natural products and drugs, important pharmaceutical products and definitely responsible for a revolution in modern healthcare. We detail the beginnings of modern drugs and the large scale batch mode of production, both chemical and microbiological. The introduction of modern continuous flow chemistry is then presented, both as a technological tool for enabling organic chemistry, and as a fundamental research endeavor. This part details the syntheses of bioactive natural products and commercial drugs.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Continuous flow; Natural products; APIs; Synthesis.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000301131

Studies on the Synthesis of Vitamin D Analogs with Aromatic D-Ring
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: EDUARDO-CANOSA,SILVINA; SIGÜEIRO,MARÍA MARCO, RITA; MOURIÑO,ANTONIO.
ABSTRACT Herein, we describe our studies on the synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogs possessing a benzene ring replacing the natural 5-membered D-ring by the Wittig-Horner and dienyne approaches. A key feature is the synthesis of a Cr(CO)3-complexed previtamin D derivative that enables the construction of vitamin D analogs with aromatic D-ring through a thermal [1,7]-H sigmatropic shift. This study establishes the basis for the design of new vitamin D analogs containing aromatic D-ring, complexed or uncomplexed to Cr(CO)3 type moieties for specific molecular recognition and drug research and development.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: D-ring modified vitamin D analogs; Aryl-Cr(CO)3 complexes; Cancer; Sigmatropic rearrangements; Synthesis.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000301035

Lipase catalyzed ester synthesis for food processing industries
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Rajendran,Aravindan; Palanisamy,Anbumathi; Thangavelu,Viruthagiri.
Lipases are one of the most important industrial biocatalyst which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids. It can also reverse the reaction at minimum water activity. Because of this pliable nature, it is widely exploited to catalyze the diverse bioconversion reactions, such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis and aminolysis. The property to synthesize the esters from the fatty acids and glycerol promotes its use in various ester synthesis. The esters synthesized by lipase finds applications in numerous fields such as biodiesel production, resolution of the recemic drugs, fat and lipid modification, flavour synthesis, synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. It plays a crucial role in the food...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Lipase; Food applications; Ester; Esterification; Synthesis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132009000100026

New aminoporphyrins bearing urea derivative substituents: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activity
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Karimipour,Gholamreza; Kowkabi,Saeed; Naghiha,Asghar.
This work studied the synthesis of 5,10,15-tris(4-aminophenyl)-20-(N,N-dialkyl/diaryl-N-phenylurea) porphyrins (P1-P4 with alkyl or aryl groups of Ph, iPr, Et and Me, respectively) and also the preparation of their manganese (III) and cobalt (II) complexes (MnP and CoP). The P1-P4 ligands were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis) and elemental analysis, and metalated with Mn and Co acetate salts. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds in vitro were investigated by agar-disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli (-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (-), Staphylococcus aureus(+), Bacillus subtilis (+) and Aspergillus oryzae and Candida albicans. Results showed that antibacterial and antifungal activity...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Porphyrin; Aminoporphyrins; Antibacterial/Antifungal Activity; Synthesis; Carbamoyl Chloride.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132015000300431

Cytotoxicity Assessment of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) Synthesized for the Direct Fabrication of Bone Tissues
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Linan,Lamia Zuniga; Lima,Nadson Murilo Nascimento; Benatti,Carol; Xavier,Mariana; Rodrigues,Ana A.; Manenti,Flavio; Jardini,Andre; Maciel Filho,Rubens; Gilioli,Rovilson.
ABSTRACT A cytotoxicity study is performed on a poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer (PMMA) to be used for the fabrication of bone tissue by Rapid Prototyping (RP). The solution polymerization is conducted in a pilot plant reactor using more appropriated reagents in consideration of the medical application. Moreover, the polymer is efficiently handled to avoid the side effect of the monomer, reducing the concentration of this specie to 287,731 µg MMA/kg PMMA. The cytotoxicity of the polymer is determined through growth monitoring, adherence and morphology of L-929 cells. Additionally, MTT and LIVE/DEAD tests are performed. The results showed continuous and progressive growth of the cells on the surface of the specimens. Moreover, the material did not...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: PMMA; Synthesis; Cytotoxicity; Viability; Mesenchymal cells.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132018000100601

Protein turnover, amino acid requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Poortmans,J.R.; Carpentier,A.; Pereira-Lancha,L.O.; Lancha Jr.,A.
Skeletal muscle is the major deposit of protein molecules. As for any cell or tissue, total muscle protein reflects a dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. Noninvasive and invasive techniques have been applied to determine amino acid catabolism and muscle protein building at rest, during exercise and during the recovery period after a single experiment or training sessions. Stable isotopic tracers (13C-lysine, 15N-glycine, ²H5-phenylalanine) and arteriovenous differences have been used in studies of skeletal muscle and collagen tissues under resting and exercise conditions. There are different fractional synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, but there is no major difference between collagen and myofibrillar...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Protein metabolism; Synthesis; Supplementation; Essential amino acids.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012001000001

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Klebsiella pneumoniae and their recovery by a simple sterilization process
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Fesharaki,Parisa Jafari; Nazari,Pardis; Shakibaie,Mojtaba; Rezaie,Sassan; Banoee,Maryam; Abdollahi,Mohammad; Shahverdi,Ahmad Reza.
The use of biologically derived metal nanoparticles for various proposes is going to be an issue of considerable importance; thus, appropriate methods should be developed and tested for the biological synthesis and recovery of these nanoparticles from bacterial cells. In this research study, a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was tested for its ability to synthesize elemental selenium nanoparticles from selenium chloride. A broth of Klebsiella pneumoniae culture containing selenium nanoparticles was subjected to sterilization at 121ºC and 17 psi for 20 minutes. Released selenium nanoparticles ranged in size from 100 to 550 nm, with an average size of 245 nm. Our study also showed that no chemical changes occurred in selenium nanoparticles during the wet...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Selenium nanoparticles; Sterilization; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Synthesis; Recovery.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822010000200028

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a series novel 5,7-diisoprenyloxyflavone derivatives
Provedor de dados: 60
Autores: Jin,Qing-Hao; Fu,Zhi-Yang; Xia,Ya-Nan; Liu,Bing-Yu; Jiang,Hai-Ying.
In the present study, a series of novel 5,7-diisoprenyloxyflavone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Most of these compounds displayed significant antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against strains of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Compounds 4c, 4g, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l, 4n, 4q and 4t showed high levels of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4.0-20 µM. Compound 4k showed the most potent activity among these compounds against all multidrug-resistant clinical isolates tested. Unfortunately, none of the compounds were active against Gram-negative bacteria at the doses of 24-164 µM.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Flavonoids; Synthesis; Isoprenyloxyflavones; Antibacterial activity.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502020000100541