Consulta: subjectFacets:"Tariffs"
Registros recuperados: 43
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 01:21:51

O estalelecimento de tarifas de agua e capacidade de pagamento dos colonos na agricultura irrigada do submedio Sao Francisco.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: LIMA, R. C.; FERREIRA IRMAO, J.; CORREIA, R. C.; COELHO, F. C.
Este trabalho investiga o sistema de estabelecimento de tarifas de água na agricultura irrigada do São Francisco e, em particular, a capacidade de pagamento das tarifas de água pelos colonos do Perímetro de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho (PISNC). O PISNC se localiza no pólo de irrigação Petrolina-Juazeiro e é a área do Vale do São Francisco mais beneficiada com investimentos em infra-estrutura de irrigação. Tem se destacado como o grande produtor de culturas irrigadas, concentrando cerca de 66,0% do total da área irrigada do Sub-rnédio São Francisco.
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Agricultura irrigada; Colono; Tarifa de agua; Pagamento; Submedio Sao Francisco; Projeto Senador Nilo Coelho; Agricultural economic; Irrigated agriculture; Tenant-farmer; Economia Agrícola; Tariffs.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/134323

The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tariff and non-tariff barriers are widespread as applied to agricultural trade. The theory of gains from trade considers the impacts of free trade relative to no trade and to non-tariff barriers, while the theory of agricultural policy generally places little weight on the international trading sector. However, it is necessary to combine agricultural policy with the international trading sector so that agricultural policy instruments such as price supports are considered together with barriers to trade such as tariffs. This is possible within the context of welfare economics when considering the costs and benefits of alternative agricultural and trade policies.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Export taxes; Gains from trade; Tariffs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120424

Selected Trade Agreements and Implications for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Dyck,   John H.
Since 2001, the United States has concluded negotiations with 13 countries, resulting in 8 trade agreements (TAs). Three additional agreements have been negotiated but not yet ratified by Congress, as of March 2011. Other countries have become increasingly active in negotiating their own trade pacts. This proliferation of TAs between key U.S. trading partners and competitors may have raised concerns among U.S. exporters, whose share in established markets could be eroded by such deals. In this study, ERS examines how recently concluded TAs between ASEAN (Southeast Asia) countries and China and Australia/New Zealand, as well as pending TAs between the United States and Korea, Colombia, and Panama, will likely affect U.S. agricultural trade. Model results...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Market access; Free trade agreements; Tariffs; Trade agreements; Trade creation; Trade diversion; Trade promotion agreements; GTAP model.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102754

Tariff Escalation in the Doha Talks--Bringing the Issue to Resolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Vanzetti,   David.
Development objectives dictate that the Doha negotiations address tariff escalation. This could increase the production and export of processed goods in developing countries, expand investment and employment, and reduce dependence on primary product exports. Despite its importance, little progress has been made, notwithstanding that a final resolution to the negotiations will not be possible without bringing this issue to resolution. This paper quantifies tariff escalation within WTO members' tariff schedules and the degree to which a tiered formula could address this problem. Utilizing a detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model we estimate the possible gains to developing countries from reducing tariff escalation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6034

The Socially Optimal Import Tariff and Tax Credit for Ethanol with Farm Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Just,   David R.; Tan,   Qinwen.
We determine how the U.S. ethanol tax credit and import tariff affect the corn-ethanol-gasoline markets and how farm subsidies interact with these policies. We show how the ethanol tax credit and import tariff each uniquely affect the ethanol and gasoline prices. The ethanol import tariff alone increases the terms of trade in ethanol imports and corn exports, but decreases the terms of trade in gasoline imports and the tax costs of farm price supports. With price-contingent farm subsidies in place, the optimal tariff and tax credit will depend on the price level. When farm subsidy expenditures are high, import subsidies for ethanol may increase social welfare due to the substantial size of the fuel market relative to the corn market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Tariffs; Tax credit; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49865

The Free Trade Area of the Americas and the Market for Processed Orange Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spreen,   Thomas H.; Brewster,   Charlene; Brown,   Mark G.
The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world’s two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States.  Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination.  A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production.  The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S. production, grower and processor prices, and imports.  The results suggest a sizeable price impact on U.S. producers if the tariff is eliminated.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Orange juice; Spatial equilibrium; Tariffs; Trade; C61; F13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37837

Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Adcock,   Flynn J.
This paper examines the effect of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A one percentage point decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 5.31% in the first 6 years of NAFTA and by 2.62% in the last 6 years of NAFTA. U.S. imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; NAFTA; Panel data; Tariffs; Trade creation; Trade diversion; International Relations/Trade; F10; F15; Q17; Q18; C31; C33.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6618

Substitution between domestic and imported orange juice and impacts of U.S. tariffs on prices and production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
A demand system model differentiating goods by product form and origin is developed to examine the impact of eliminating U.S. tariffs on orange-juice prices.  An empirical analysis suggests a range of tariff impacts on prices depending on the degree of substitution between products.  The model yielded similar results as alternative models when substitution was assumed to be relatively strong.  In the long run, lower, without-tariff prices can be expected to lead to lower Florida orange planting and production levels.  A sustained reduction in the U.S. OJ price of half the value of the FCOJ tariff is estimated to reduce orange planting levels by about 50% and orange production would declined by 24% by 2021-22.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Price; Tariffs; Orange juice; Product differentiation; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52888

ECONOMICS OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ADMINISTRATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skully,   David W.
The 1996 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture was a step toward free trade. The Agreement lifts bans and quotas on imports, but allows their conversion into tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which function like quotas. At present, many of the 1,300 TRQs increased market access to imports, but some have preserved pre-Agreement levels of protection. The World Trade Organization's intent as to the administration of TRQs is open to interpretation. This report analyzes seven administrative methods in light of the principle of nondiscrimination. We conclude that auctions are the best way to administer a TRQ. First-come, first-served and license-on-demand methods present a moderate risk of biased trade. State trading organizations and producer groups that directly...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quotas; Quantitative restrictions; Trade barriers; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33576

Effects of Japanese Import Demand on U.S. Livestock Prices: Comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinnucan,   Henry W.
A recent study of Miljkovic, Marsh, and Brester estimates that reductions in the Japanese tariff-rate quota between 1993 and 2001 increased U.S. beef prices by $1.03 per cwt and yen depreciation between 1995 and 1998 reduced U.S. hog prices by $0.99 per cwt.  Relaxing the assumption that U.S. beef and hog supplies are fixed cuts the total elasticities underlying these estimates by 50% or more.  The upshot is that shocks in the Japanese market have little effect on U.S. beef and pork prices.  Hence, producers may be better off focusing on domestic issues such as dietary concerns over red meat consumption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Supply response; Tariffs; Q17; F14; C32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43432

Food Protection for Sale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Rigoberto A.; Matschke,   Xenia.
This article tests the Protection for Sale (PFS) model using detailed data from U.S. food processing industries from 1978 to 1992 under alternative import demand specifications. All empirical results support the PFS model predictions and previous empirical work qualitatively. Although welfare weights are very sensitive to import demand specification, a surprising result is that we obtain weights between 2.6 and 3.6 for domestic welfare using import slopes or elasticities derived from domestic demand and supply functions. In contrast, results based on import slopes or elasticities from directly specified import demands (including the Armington model) yield the usual, unrealistically large estimates for the domestic welfare weight. We contend that the latter...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade protection; Tariffs; Lobbying; Political economy; Food manufacturing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; F13; F1; L66; C12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25195

Invasive Species Management Through Tariffs: Are Prevention and Protection Synonymous?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
This Paper designs a political economy model of invasive species management in order to explore the effectiveness of tariffs in mitigating the risk of invasion. The revenue interests of the government together with the interests of the lobby group competing with the imported agricultural commodity, that is believed to be the vector of invasive species, are incorporated in a Nash Bargaining game. The government, however, also considers the impact of tariffs on long run risks of invasion and decides optimal tariffs based upon its welfare in the pre and post-invasion scenarios. Along with the size of the lobby group, which is a function of the slope of the demand and supply curves, the weights assigned to the various components in the government welfare...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Political economy; Tariffs; Bargaining; Interest groups; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H23; Q17; Q58.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15642

Welfare Impacts of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Trade Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laborde,   David; Martin,   William J.; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique.
The variability of protection rates within sectors is frequently particularly high in agriculture relative to non-agriculture. Standard aggregation procedures ignore the variability within sectors, and underweight the importance of highly protected sectors. It therefore seems likely that they underestimate the potential benefits of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural reform. This study examines this question using a new procedure for aggregating trade distortions. It finds that the key impact of using better aggregators is to increase the benefits of both agricultural and non-agricultural reform. It finds that using optimal aggregation procedures increases the measured importance of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Nonagricultural trade; Trade distortions; Tariffs; Aggregation; World Trade Organization; WTO; Trade reform; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103958

Trade preference index
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cipollina,   Maria; Salvatici,   Luca.
Building on the work by Anderson and Neary on theoretically grounded trade policy indexes, we define an aggregate measure (Mercantilistic trade preference index – MTPI) of the trade preferential margins. The MTPI provides a method of aggregation that is consistent with a common objective of the preferential policies, since it focuses on the volume of exports. We compute the bilateral MTPIs for the preferences granted by the European Union to 162 exporters to assess how the market access granted by the EU preferential trade agreements does differ across sectors and countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International agricultural trade; Protection; Tariffs; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115422

Is Protection for Sale in U.S. Food Industries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Rigoberto A.; Hathie,   Ibrahima.
This article tests the Grossman-Helpman Protection for Sale model using panel data from U.S. food processing industries with endogenous protection, imports, and political organization of industries. The results support the key predictions of the model: organized industries are granted higher protection that decreases with import penetration and the price elasticity of imports, but in unorganized industries protection increases with import penetration. In spite of substantial differences in data sets and empirical procedures, the estimated weight on aggregate welfare is strikingly similar those found by Goldberg and Maggi (1999) and Gawande and Bandopadhyay (2000), implying that protection is not for sale in these industries. Furthermore, the presence of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade protection; Tariffs; Lobbying; Political economy; Food manufacturing; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25182

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in the Philippines: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangabat,   Minda C.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Philippines. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, and corn, at the national level and the farm level. The analysis includes ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; International trade; Rice; Zea Mays; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32689

Uganda's challenges in complying with the WTO Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rudaheranwa,   Nichodemus.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; EPRC; World trade; Trade agreements; Tariffs; Tariff barriers; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93814

U.S. AGRICULTURE AND THE FREE TRADE AREA OF THE AMERICAS
Provedor de dados: 31
The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), a free trade area under negotiation among the United States and 33 countries in the Western Hemisphere, will progressively liberalize trade and investment in the region. It is scheduled to become effective by the end of 2005. The FTAA will lead to a 6-percent increase in annual U.S. agricultural exports to the Hemisphere and a 3-percent increase in annual U.S. agricultural imports from the Hemisphere. The FTAA will increase annual U.S. agricultural exports and imports worldwide by about $1 billion each. The expansion of U.S. agricultural trade due to the FTAA will result from both the direct effect of trade liberalization and the indirect effect of accelerated economic growth in increasing agricultural demand in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Area of the Americas; Regional integration; Preferential trade arrangements; WTO; Sanitary and phytosanitary; Tariffs; Foreign direct investment; Environment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33995

Do Sensitive Products Undermine Ambition?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
The long-running WTO negotiations remain unresolved. Agriculture is the main stumbling block. Members have agreed to linear tariff reductions within bands, but proposed exemptions for sensitive products, while providing for much needed flexibility, threaten to undermine the ambition. A detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model is used to analyse the likely impact of exemptions from the formula tariff reductions. Applying one third of the formula cuts to the five per cent of lines with the highest tariffs increases the final developed country average agricultural tariff from 16 to 24 per cent but the negative impacts on trade and welfare are less dramatic.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6044

U.S. Dairy at a Global Crossroads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blayney,   Donald P.; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Bolling,   H. Christine; Jones,   Keithly G.; Langley,   Suchada V.; Normile,   Mary Anne; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Current dynamics in world dairy markets and the potential for global and domestic trade policy reform are bringing the U.S. dairy sector to a new crossroads as it faces competitive forces from outside its borders. Those forces—demand for new products by consumers in industrialized countries, changes in technology, rapid economic growth in emerging developing countries, particularly in Asia, and the increasing role of multinational firms in domestic and global dairy markets—are leading to increased dairy consumption, more opportunities for dairy product trade, and foreign direct investment benefiting both U.S. consumers and producers. As global demand for milk and new dairy products expands, the roles of policies that support prices are diminishing, while...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International dairy markets; Dairy trade; Dairy policy; Tariffs; Production quotas; Foreign direct investment; Cheese; Butter; Dry milk powders; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7209

Strategic Behavior and Trade in Agricultural Commodities - Competition in World Peanut Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F12; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25362

JAPANESE IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. BEEF AND PORK: EFFECTS ON U.S. RED MEAT EXPORTS AND LIVESTOCK PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan; Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.
Japanese import demand for U.S. beef and pork products and the effects on domestic livestock prices are econometrically estimated.  Japan is the most important export market for U.S. beef and pork products.  Results indicate foreign income, exchange rates, and protectionist measures are statistically significant.  The comparative statistics quantify the effects of recent economic volatility.  For example, the 1995-1998 depreciation in the Japanese yen (39%) reduced U.S. slaughter steer and hog prices by $1.29 per cwt and $0.99 per cwt, respectively, while the 1994-1998 reduction in tariffs (14%) increased slaughter steer and hog prices by $0.49 per cwt and $0.33 per cwt, respectively.  Livestock producers will continue to have a vested interest in Asian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Tariffs; Demand and Price Analysis; Q17; F14; C32.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15072

Accommodating Imperfect Competition in A Model of World Peanut Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19460

Fruit Policies in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ito,   Kenzo; Dyck,   John H.
Government programs and subsidies regulate and support Japan’s large fruit-production sector, bolstering farm incomes and output levels. Supply-management programs that target annual production levels for some fruits, in order to maintain market prices, contribute to higher prices for consumers, although other programs aim to increase fruit consumption. Japan’s tariffs and phytosanitary measures also create barriers to fruit consumption and limit imports. Producers in the United States, a major fruit supplier to Japan, could benefit from reduced barriers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Japan; Fruits; Policies; Production; Subsidies; Insurance; Farm markets; Tariffs; Phytosanitary measures; U.S. Department of Agriculture; USDA; Economic Research Service; ERS; FTS-341-01; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92336

The Impact of Catfish Imports on the U.S. Wholesale and Farm Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Neal,   Sammy J.; Hanson,   Terrill R.; Jones,   Keithly G.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of catfish imports and tariffs on the U.S. catfish industry, with particular focus on the U.S. International Trade Commission ruling on Vietnam in 2003. Given the importance of Vietnam to the U.S. catfish market, it was assumed that catfish import prices would increase by 35 percent if the maximum tariff was imposed on catfish from Vietnam. With the tariff, domestic catfish prices at the wholesale level would increase by $0.06 per lb, and farm prices by $0.03 per lb. Processor sales would increase by 1.66 percent. Total welfare at the wholesale level would increase from $69.2 million to $71.7 million, an increase of about 3.63 percent, and processor and farm revenue would increase by 4.4 percent...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish imports; Simultaneous equations; Supply; Demand; Tariffs; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95587

Growth and Equity Effects of Agricultural Marketing Efficiency Gains in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Maurice R.; Burfisher,   Mary E.
Agriculture is the largest source of employment in India, and food accounts for about half of consumer expenditures. Moving agricultural products from the farm to consumers more efficiently could result in large gains to producers, consumers, and India’s overall economy. This analysis uses a computable general equilibrium model with agricultural commodity detail and households disaggregated by rural, urban, and income class to study the potential impacts of reforms that achieve efficiency gains in agricultural marketing and reduce agricultural input subsidies and import tariffs. More efficient agricultural marketing generates economywide gains in output and wages, raises agricultural producer prices, reduces consumer food prices, and increases private...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Policy reform; Marketing efficiency; Tariffs; Subsidies; Households; Computable general equilibrium model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55959

Economic Impacts of Pink Hibiscus Mealybug in Florida and the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/15/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive Species; Political Economy; Tariffs; Bargaining; Interest Groups; International Relations/Trade; H23; Q17; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19172

Non-Tariff Barriers as a Test of Political Economy Theories
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levy,   Philip I.
This paper provides a rough test of a broad and prominent class of political economy of trade models and finds them wanting. The class features governments with weighted social welfare functions, including the prominent model of Grossman and Helpman. Whether the government is the single domestic player or there are other players involved (as with the lobbies in the Grossman-Helpman case) the government ultimately acts as a unitary player in international dealings. Recent work has shown that such unitary actors care exclusively about terms of trade in international negotiations. This paper pursues the implication that governments’ choice of trade instruments may offer a better test of the unitary government framework than existing empirical work. We use the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Lobbying; Tariffs; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; D72; F13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28526

THE IMPACT OF THE REDUCTION IN THE AUSTRALIAN ORANGE-JUICE TARIFF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
After substantial reduction in the Australian orange juice tariff, citrus growers in that country shifted their efforts away from Valencia orange production towards Navel oranges intended for the fresh market. Australia has been successful in penetrating the world market for fresh oranges. Given the large size of the orange industry in Florida, however, it is unlikely that Florida growers could follow the same model if the U.S. orange juice were substantially reduced or eliminated.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oranges; Tariffs; Australia; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15691

Tariff Liberalization, Wood Trade Flows, and Global Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Simpson,   R. David.
This paper examines the question of the likely effects on global forests of a further reduction in wood products tariffs including both solid wood products and pulp and paper, as has been proposed to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). The tariff reductions would be an extension of the tariff reductions associated with the Uruguay Round (Federal Register 1999). The questions include both how international trade is likely to change in response to further tariff reduction and also the implications for timber harvests and forests generally of such trade liberalization in the various forest regions. The paper finds that the evidence suggests further reductions in tariffs on forest products are likely to generate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tariffs; Forest; Forest products; World Trade Organization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; F21; F13; Q23.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10557

NAFTA AND U.S.-MEXICAN BEEF TRADE: LONG-RUN IMPLICATIONS FOR CHANGES IN TRADE FLOWS FROM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melton,   Bryan E.; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This study examines potential long-term impacts on the U.S. and Mexican beef industries of the reduction in trade barriers under NAFTA and likely associated international technology transfers (of beef cattle, feeding methods, and meat packing) and foreign capital investments.  The beef industry is represented as four subsectors: cow-calf production, post-weaning beef production, meat packing, and leather production.  The analysis is accomplished through a multi-sector model of the U.S. and Mexican beef industries, estimation of key parameters, and simulation of long-run outcomes under three alternative scenarios.  Our results show that Mexico will dramatically expand the size of its cow herd.  The expanded supply and lower post-slaughter processing cost in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: North American Free Trade Agreement; Beef industry; Meat packing; Technology transfer; Tariffs; United States; Mexico; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18256

Nothing to Declare: Duty-free access to imports from LDCs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
Developed countries have agreed to provide duty free and quota free access to imports from LDCs covered by 97 per cent of tariff lines. However, LDCs would like to extend the agreement to 100 per cent coverage, since 3 per cent of tariff lines can cover a substantial proportion of LDC exports. Products of major interest include textiles and clothing and agricultural goods such as rice, oilseeds, sugar and bananas. The potential trade and welfare impacts of expanding the coverage are analysed using a global general equilibrium model. Updated estimates indicate LDCs stand to gain $4.2 billion in additional exports, the bulk of which accrues to Bangladesh, Cambodia and West Africa. A further $1.8 billion increase in exports could be obtained if LDCs had duty...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO negotiations; Trade; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124469

WTO Doha Round: Impact of an Agreement on Agriculture and the Importance of Sensitive Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Donnellan,   Trevor; Hanrahan,   Kevin F.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
The Doha round of WTO negotiations has been ongoing since 2001. In the summer of 2008 the negotiations on the modalities for a new WTO agriculture agreement collapsed when seemingly on the verge of a successful conclusion. In this paper we present quantitative analysis of the impact of a new WTO agreement undertaken using a partial equilibrium model of Irish and EU agriculture. Results are presented on the agreement’s impact on Irish and EU-27 agriculture markets and on Irish agricultural sector incomes. Our analysis highlights the importance of the Baseline counter-factual, and will illustrate that protection afforded by the conferral of sensitive product status differs from commodity to commodity. The paper will draw conclusions concerning the economic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO; Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; Tariffs; Tariff rate quota; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50936

The Effects of China's Tariff Reductions on EU Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jyrki S.; Huan-Niemi,   Ellen.
China's accession to the WTO means significant increases in export opportunities for China's trading partners. This study attempts to identify and measure quantitatively the effects of changing economic environment and trade policies on China's agricultural imports from the European Union (EU). The approach is to estimate demand functions for China's agri-food imports from the EU using semi-annual data from 1980 to 2000. The demand functions are used to measure the impacts of relative-price and trade policy changes on EU agricultural exports to China. The results suggest that in China, there is a relatively strong demand response for agrifood imports to changes in income and prices. Furthermore, the results indicate that relative-price variations affect...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; WTO; Agricultural trade; Tariffs; Demand functions; Estimation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24839

EU market access for Mediterranean fruit and vegetables: A gravity model assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emlinger,   Charlotte; Lozza,   Emmanuelle Chevassus; Jacquet,   Florence.
Since 1995, a liberalization process - the so- called Barcelona Process - has begun in the Mediterranean area. It aims at establishing a free trade area for 2010 in the Mediterranean Basin. For the moment the full liberalization concerns industrial product s trade whereas agriculture remains sensitive. Among agricultural product s, the fruit and vegetables (F&amp;V) sector is essential for Mediterranean countries and the EU is their first trading partner. In this context, two questions arise: Firstly, to what extent protection influence trade for the med countries, compared to the other countries? Secondly, what would be the impacts of a greater liberalization on F&amp;V trade between the EU and Mediterranean Countries? Our model, based on the new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fruit and Vegetables; EU-Med agreement; Gravity models; Transport cost; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10098

Effects of Tariffs and Sanitary Barriers on High- and Low-Value Poultry Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Everett B.; Orden,   David.
A competitive partial-equilibrium spatial model with heterogeneous goods is constructed to evaluate effects of the removal of tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, and sanitary regulations on world poultry trade. The model distinguishes between "highvalue" (mostly white meat) and "low-value" (mostly dark meat) poultry products and simulates the trade flows among eight exporting and importing countries and regions. Removing all barriers simultaneously has a larger impact on trade than removing only tariffs and tariff-rate quotas. Imposition of sanitary barriers against U.S. products by Russia shifts trade flows, but does not have large net impacts on U.S. producers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poultry trade; Sanitary barriers; Tariffs; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30785

Invasive Species Management through Tariffs: Are Prevention and Protection Synonymous?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/15/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive Species; Political Economy; Tariffs; Bargaining; Interest Groups; International Relations/Trade; H23; Q17; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19515

OPENING GLOBAL MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURE: THE NEXT WTO ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumner,   Daniel A.
More open international markets benefit the economy as a whole, as well as most U.S. agricultural producers. The Uruguay Round Agreement laid out a useful framework. Specifically addressed here is why the key to further liberalizing agricultural trade is reduction of tariffs as comprehensively and rapidly as politics will allow. Other issues such as export subsidies, tariff-rate quota quantities, and developing-country relationships are also important, especially while tariffs are coming down. Internal support rules have much less potential to liberalize trade.  Finally, as the December 1999 World Trade Organization ministerial meeting in Seattle demonstrated, delay in the negotiation process threatens liberalization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Commodity trade; Tariff-rate quotas; Tariffs; Trade negotiations; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14709

The Costs of Restrictive Trade Policies in the Presence of Factor Tax Distortions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper uses a numerical general equilibrium model to examine the quantitative importance of pre-existing factor tax distortions for the welfare effects of restrictive trade policies in economies with and without market power in trade. We analyze tariffs, nonauctioned import quotas (with rents accruing to domestic firms) and voluntary export restraints (with rents accruing to foreign firms). We find that allowing for interactions with pre-existing taxes can greatly magnify the overall costs of these policies, f{fn possibly by over several hundred percent! In the case of import tariffs, much of this additional cost can be offset if the tariff revenues are used to reduce other distortionary taxes. Indeed the cost discrepancy between revenue-neutral...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pre-existing tax distortions; Tariffs; Import quotas; Second-best welfare costs; International Relations/Trade; F10; H21.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10563

Policy distortions in the segmented rice market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rakotoarisoa,   Manitra A.
High production and export subsidies in developed countries and high protection in both developed and developing countries have distorted rice trade. This study estimates the impact of rice policy distortions on developing countries’ rice production and trade potential. Because rice markets are highly segmented, major rice types are differentiated to estimate the impact of current and likely policy reforms. Analysis in long-grain, high-quality rice focuses on rice import and export markets in Latin America and shows that reduction of direct and implicit export subsidies in the US will benefit regional suppliers such as Argentina and Uruguay. Analysis of Indonesia’s import market of ordinary long-grain rice, where protection is high, reveals that tariff...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Subsidies; Rice trade; Rice markets; Tariffs; Imports; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58577

Food Import Refusals: Effects and Implications for Seafood Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Nogueira,   Lia; Pace,   Kathryn.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/20/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-tariff barriers; Tariffs; European Union; Seafood; Import notifications; Import rejections; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103250

The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper “The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade” which is available separately.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Export taxes; Gains from trade; Tariffs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120425

Determinants of World Demand for U.S. Corn Seeds: The Role of Trade Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayasinghe,   Sampath; Beghin,   John C.; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
The United States is a large net exporter of corn seeds. Seed trade, including corn, has been expanding but its determinants are not well understood. This paper econometrically investigates the determinants of world demand for U.S. corn seeds with a detailed analysis of trade costs impeding exports flows to various markets. Trade costs include costs associated with distance, tariffs, and sanitary-phytosanitary (SPS) regulations imposed by foreign countries on U.S. corn seed exports. SPS policy information comes from the Excerpt data base of USDA-APHIS. The analysis relies on a gravity-like model based on an explicit specification of derived demand for seed by foreign corn producers. A SPS count variable is incorporated as a shifter in the unit cost of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Seeds; Corn; SPS; Phytosanitary; Exports; Trade cost; Technical barriers; Tariffs; TBT.; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6402