Consulta: subjectFacets:"Trade"
Registros recuperados: 275
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 02:49:59

Gobernanza comunitaria, género y manejo de recursos forestales no maderables (RFNM) en San Miguel Mixtepec : Oaxaca. el caso de poleo (Satureja macrostema).
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Ortega Ortega, Tomás.
Los Recursos Forestales No Maderables (RFNM) contribuyen en el bienestar de las comunidades forestales de México, pero existen pocos trabajos que analicen su dinámica de aprovechamiento y ecología. El presente trabajo se realizó con hombres y mujeres de San Miguel Mixtepec, Oaxaca. El objetivo general de la investigación es identificar, analizar y documentar las estrategias implementadas por la gobernanza comunitaria, para regular el aprovechamiento del poleo (Satureja macrostema) que crece en el complejo montañoso local, el cual tiene diferentes usos entre las comunidades del municipio. La metodología utilizada fue ecológica, cualitativa y cuantitativa con perspectiva de género. Los resultados indican que su aprovechamiento es regulado por acuerdos...
Palavras-chave: Manejo; Conocimiento local; Mercadeo; Género; Management; Local knowledge; Trade; Gender; Desarrollo Rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2124

Exportaciones mexicanas de tomate fresco en el mercado norteamericano: Un estudio sobre el efecto de los factores que determinan la competitividad internacional.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Borja Bravo, Mercedes.
Durante los últimos 15 años las exportaciones mexicanas de tomate en fresco (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) han perdido competitividad en el mercado norteamericano. En el año 1996 la participación de las exportaciones de México representaban 93.0% de la demanda externa de los Estados Unidos, y para 2009 dicha participación disminuyó a 88.9%. Para analizar los efectos de diversos factores que afectan la competitividad de las exportaciones de esta hortaliza en el mercado de los Estados Unidos; como el incremento en la productividad y la depreciación del peso se validó un modelo de equilibrio espacial e intertemporal que incluye el comercio entre los países miembros del TLCAN, en el periodo 2005-2008. Los resultados revelan que un aumento de 20% en la...
Palavras-chave: Modelo de equilibrio espacial e intertemporal; Productividad; Tipo de cambio; Comercio; TLCAN; Intertemporal and spatial equilibrium model; Productivity; Foreign exchange; Trade; NAFTA; Economía; Doctorado; Lycopersicon esculentum.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/670

The Economic Impacts of Pollinator Declines: An Approach to Assessing the Consequences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kevan, Peter G; University of Guelph; pkevan@uoguelph.ca; Phillips, Truman P; University of Guelph; truman@uoguelph.ca.
Since agricultural activities were first recorded, there have been shortages of pollinators. Today it seems that pollination systems in many areas of agriculture are threatened by the inadequacy or lack of sustainable managed, indigenous, or imported pollinators. Pollinator shortages can adversely affect crop production and commodity markets. This paper presents an economic model than can be used to measure some of the economic impacts of pollinator deficits on traded commodities. This economic analysis indicates that consumers of a commodity affected by a pollinator deficit may suffer because the commodity costs more and becomes less available. At the same time, although the producers of the affected commodity may experience crop declines, they may also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sustainability; Economics; Food prices; Pollinator abundance; Pollinator availability; Pollinator deficit; Pollinator diversity; Pollinator force; World food supply; Trade.
Ano: 2001

Bushmeat networks link the forest to urban areas in the trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Jonhson Neves de Aquino, Lindon; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; lj.aquino@bol.com.br; Schor, Tatiana; Geography Department, Federal University of Amazonas; NEPECAB; tatiana.schor@gmail.com; Hernandez, Sara; Independent Expert in Environmental Economics; sarah-hernandez-p@hotmail.com; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Recent studies have intended to quantify urban consumption and trade in Amazonian towns. However, little is still known about the different ways in which bushmeat is made available in urban areas, including commercial and noncommercial flows, and how those flows contribute to link forests to urban livelihoods. In this study we qualitatively describe the structure and functioning of bushmeat flows in terms of species, catchment area, stakeholders involved, and the motivations for their activity in the main towns of the Amazon trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.  We show that bushmeat trade to urban areas exists under an organized but invisible commodity chain providing a source of income to about 195 persons. Bushmeat is made available...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bushmeat; Exchange networks; Indigenous people; Trade; Urban areas.
Ano: 2015

Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University, USA; hullvane@csis.msu.edu; Batistella, Mateus; EMBRAPA Satellite Monitoring, Campinas, SP, Brazil; mb@cnpm.embrapa.br; DeFries, Ruth; Columbia University, USA; rd2402@columbia.edu; Dietz, Thomas; Michigan State University, USA; tdietz@msu.edu; Fu, Feng; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; fufengenergy@gmail.com; Hertel, Thomas W.; Purdue University, USA; hertel@purdue.edu; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; University of Maryland, USA; cesar.izaurralde@pnnl.gov; Lambin, Eric F.; Stanford University, USA; elambin@stanford.edu; Li, Shuxin; Michigan State University, USA; lishu@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University, USA; mcconn64@msu.edu; Moran, Emilio F.; Michigan State University, USA; moranef@msu.edu; Naylor, Rosamond; Stanford University, USA; Roz@stanford.edu; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Polenske, Karen R.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; krp@mit.edu; Reenberg, Anette; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Simmons, Cynthia S.; Michigan State University, USA; simmo108@msu.edu; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl; Vitousek, Peter M.; Stanford University, USA; vitousek@leland.stanford.edu; Zhang, Fusuo; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; zhangfs@cau.edu.cn; Zhu, Chunquan; International Union for Conservation of Nature, China; caomu1963@126.com.
Interactions between distant places are increasingly widespread and influential, often leading to unexpected outcomes with profound implications for sustainability. Numerous sustainability studies have been conducted within a particular place with little attention to the impacts of distant interactions on sustainability in multiple places. Although distant forces have been studied, they are usually treated as exogenous variables and feedbacks have rarely been considered. To understand and integrate various distant interactions better, we propose an integrated framework based on telecoupling, an umbrella concept that refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. The concept of telecoupling is a logical extension of research on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agents; Causes; Coupled human-environment systems; Coupled human and natural systems; Coupled social-ecological systems; Dispersal; Distant interactions; Effects; Feedbacks; Flows; Globalization; Investment; Knowledge transfer; Migration; Socioeconomic and environmental interactions; Species invasion; Sustainability; Technology transfer; Teleconnection; Telecoupling; Trade; Transnational land deals; Water transfer.
Ano: 2013

Tomaticultura em gramado, na região do trópico úmido brasileiro.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CHENG, S. S.; CHU, E. Y.
bitstream/item/39912/1/Circ-Tec-3-Am-Oriental.pdf
Tipo: Circular Técnica (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cultivo em gramado; Cultural methods; Cultivation.; Comercialização; Pratica Cultural; Produtividade; Tomate.; Tomatoes; Trade; Yields.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/377270

Palestras e proposições.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: REUNIÕES TÉCNICAS SOBRE COUROS E PELES, 2001, Campo Grande, MS.
Reuniões técnicas sobre couros e peles. Programa melhoria e qualidade do couro. Benefícios fiscais como estímulo a industrialização do couro. O comércio do couro. O agronegócio das peles caprina e ovina. Desenvolvimento do agronegócio de peles e couros de especies silvestres. Couro no Estado do Pará. Aspectos da cadeia produtiva do couro bovino no Brasil e em Mato Grosso do Sul. Proposta metodológica para o Estudo de cadeias produtivas agroindustrias. Produção de couros. A pele animal e os comportamentos mercadológicos para o novo milênio. Sistemas integrados de produção de peles e couros no Brasil.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Aspecto econômico; Animal silvestre; Para; Mato Grosso do Sul; Brasil; Quality; Economic situation; Agroindustrial complexes; Market.; Cadeia Produtiva; Bovino; Comercio; Caprino; Couro; Mercado; Ovino; Qualidade.; Cattle; Goats; Brazil; Leather; Trade; Sheep; Wild animals.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/318248

A cultura da soja no sul do Maranhão.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: PALUDZYSZYN FILHO, E.
Evolucao da area cultivada; Caracteristicas regionais; Area; Temperatura; Precipitacao e necessidades hidricas; Produtividade; Epoca de plantio; Cultivares; Teor de oleo e proteina; Producao de sementes; Cultivares de ciclo precoce; Cultivares de ciclo medio; Cultivares de ciclo tardio; Comercializacao e transportes.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cultivar; Brasil; Maranhao; Regiao norte; Soybean; Production; Productivity; Transport; North region.; Comercialização; Cerrado; Época de Semeadura; Melhoramento; Pesquisa; Produtividade; Produção; Transporte; Variedade; Soja.; Commercialization; Brazil; Research; Plant breeding; Trade; Varieties.; Sowing date; Savannas.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/445817

Cultivo do umbuzeiro.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ARAUJO, F. P. de; SANTOS, C. A. F.; CAVALCANTI, N. de B.
Informações para o cultivo do umbuzeiro; Preparo e mudas; Substrato e recipiente usado na repicagem; Processo de enxertia; Preparo do solo; Tratos culturais; Colheita, rendimento e comercialização; Aproveitamento do umbuzeiro.
Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cultivo; Enxertia; Comercializacação; Nordeste; Região semi-árida; Cultivation; Grafting; Harvest; Northeast; Natural resource.; Recurso natural; Umbu; Caatinga; Colheita; Muda; Rendimento; Spondias Tuberosa.; Trade; Seedlings; Yields.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133956

Margens de comercialização de arroz, feijão e milho no Estado do Pará.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: HOMMA, A. K. O.
bitstream/item/197906/1/FL03983.pdf
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Bean; Maize; Arroz; Comercialização; Feijão; Milho; Rice; Trade.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/378138

Systemes d'intermediation et valorisation economique des produits.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CERDAN, C.; SAUTIER, D.
Ce chapitre aborde Ia valorisation des produits de L'agriculture familiale. Il met en évidence Ia diversité et Ia spécificité des formes d'insertion au marché de l'agriculture familiale et Ia multiplicité des circuits de commercialisation et de transformation qu'elle mobilise. Les exemples cités se réferent à la filiere du lait et de ses dérivés dans les zones semi-arides et aux filieres régionales du raisin et du melon, deux cultures irriguées importantes dans le Nordeste.
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Sistema de intermediacao; Valorizacao economica; Nordeste; Regiao semi-arida; Familiar farms; Products; Intermediary; Systems; Northeast; Semiarid region; Agricultura Familiar; Mercado; Produto; Economic valuation; Brazil; Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/134412

Os pequenos produtores de leite do semi-arido nordestino: diferentes formas de insercao no mercado regional.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CERDAN, C.; CARVALHO FILHO, O. M. de.
O trabalho apresenta as principais conclusoes de analise comparativa, considerando as condicoes de emergencia e a diversidade de algumas areas de producao de leite no Nordeste semi-arido; as diferentes formas de de insercao ao mercado dos pequenos produtores de leite. Uma reflexao sobre os fatores de desenvolvimento dessas bacias permitiu tirar algumas informacoes para a difusao das experiencias de valorizacao dos produtos da agricultura familiar no Brasil. As regioes estudadas foram: Nossa Senhora da Gloria-SE, Cariri-SE, Pintadas-BA, Taua-CE. Estudaram as condicoes de emergencia e a diversidade das areas de producao das bacias de producao leiteira no Nordeste semi-arido, tipos de pequenos produtores, estrutura e localizacao da propriedade, qualificacao...
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Familiar farms; Production; Chain; Productivity; Small farmers; Agricultura Familiar; Cadeia Produtiva; Comercialização; Leite; Mercado; Pequeno Produtor; Produção; Milk; Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/131753

Problems and perspectives of the pearl oyster aquaculture in French Polynesia.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Cabral, P.
The first attempt to obtain artificial pearls from the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in French Polynesia dates back to 1963. The pearl oyster culture has grown quickly especially since the eighties. This industry is now the first exportation in value of French Polynesia. 19 atolls of the Tuamotus island have at this time one or more farms and this activity has more and more attractiveness. The rise of this industry has consequently a lot of socio-ecomic repercussions on these atolls. However, as a young industry, the technics and the development are not always controlled and a lot of problems appeared these last years.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: French Polynesia; Pinctada margaritifera; Trade; Economic analysis; Harvesting; Hatcheries; Spat; Lagoons; Mortality; Oyster culture; Pearl oysters.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-1494.pdf

Mapping the global distribution of locally-generated marine ecosystem services: The case of the West and Central Pacific Ocean tuna fisheries
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Drakou, Evangelia G.; Virdin, John; Pendleton, Linwood.
Ecosystem service (ES) maps are instrumental for the assessment and communication of the costs and benefits of human-nature interactions. Yet, despite the increased understanding that we live a globalized tele-coupled world where such interactions extend globally, ES maps are usually place-based and fail to depict the global flows of locally produced ES. We aim to shift the way ES maps are developed by bringing global value chains into ES assessments. We propose and apply a conceptual framework that integrates ES provision principles, with value chain analysis and human well-being assessment methods, while considering the spatial dimension of these components in ES mapping. We apply this framework to the case of seafood provision from purse seine tuna...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Flow mapping; Benefit sharing; Telecoupled systems; Teleconnections; Value chain analysis; Trade.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00636/74850/75237.pdf

Perspectives d'exploitation des petits bivalves
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Berthou, Patrick.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: France; Brittany; Bivalvia; Economics; Trade; Conservation; Catching; Stock; Fisheries; Manche Occidentale; Bretagne Sud; Bivalvia; Valorisation; Methode Capture; Gestion Stock; Exploitation.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/rapport-2208.pdf

Datos de las capturas históricas, el comercio y los muestreos
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Carrillo C., E.; Moncada G., F.; Elizalde R., S.; Nodarse A., G.
Se presentan datos del  comercio y las capturas de E. imbricata  en Cuba, que incluyen el análisis de las capturas históricas, el comercio y los muestreos, así como las estadísticas asociadas a las exportaciones en el periodo de 1935-1967.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Turtle fisheries; Harvesting; Trade; Sampling; Sampling; Harvesting; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6774; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3500; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3981

Boletín Informativo
Provedor de dados: 20
Informe especial sobre el 25º Período Sesesiones del Comité de Pesca (COFI) de la FAO. Informe sobre la Aplicación del CCPPR y Planes de Acción Internacionales Conexos (Capacidad, Pesca Ilegal No Declarada y No Reglamentadas – IUU, Inglés / INDRN, Español – Aves Marinas, Tiburones) y la Mejora de la Eficacia del Seguimiento, Control y Vigilancia de los Buques Pesqueros. Decisiones y Recomendaciones del Sub Comité de COFI sobre Comercio Pesquero (Bremen 2002). Desiciones y Recomendaciones de la 1ra. Reunión del Sub Comité de COFI sobre Acuicultura. La pesca en pequeña escala. CITES (Comité para la Protección de Fauna y Flora en Amenaza de Extinción).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fishing; Trade; Fishing; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26950; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2789

Integrated Framework For Technical Assistance For Trade Development In Least Developed Countries - Mauritania
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Ataman Aksoy, M.
The Integrated Framework (IF) was established by WTO trade ministers in 1996 to promote the integration of the least developed countries (LDCs) into the global economy.1 This was in response to the slow progress of the LDCs in successfully integrating into the world economy. Participating agencies include the WTO, the IMF, the International Trade Center, UNDP, UNCTAD, and the World Bank (WB). Progress in mobilizing donor support proved difficult, and the program started slowly. An independent review of the IF, completed in June 2000, highlighted the lack of linkages to overall development strategies or programs and the absence of donor resources. Following the meeting of the Heads of Organizations last summer, the IF was redefined to ensure better...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mauritania; Trade; WTO; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37338.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/753

Distribution of economic benefits from the fisheries of Lake Victoria
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Abila, R.O.; Odongkara, K.O.; Onyango, P.O.
The Lake Victoria fishery contributes immensely to the socio-economic development of the riparian states. The East African Community has designated the lake basin as an ‘economic growth zone’, with the potential to develop into a major economic region. The fisheries are vital in creating employment opportunities, mostly rural-based, thereby helping to reduce rural-urban migration. Fish is also a rich source of animal protein for human consumption and provides raw material (fishmeal) for processing animal feeds. The fish industry contributes to GDP and has continued to be an important source of foreign exchange earned from fish exports. Besides, the fish industry contributes to the national and local government revenues through levying of various taxes,...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Fishery economics; Fishery management; Fishery policy; Marketing; Resource management; Socioeconomic aspects; Economic benefits; Trade; Riparian zone; Economic analysis; International policy; Exploitation; Resource development; Freshwater fish; Inland fisheries; Inland water environment; Lake fisheries; Lake fisheries; Fishery management; Marketing; Economic analysis; Resource development; Resource management; Trade; Inland fisheries; Inland water environment; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4159; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24026; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4620; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2469; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28018; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6524; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3873; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3875.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2128

Quantifying the Trade Impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards: What is Known and Issues of Importance for Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Oyejide, T.A.; Ogunkola, E.O.; Bankole, S.
Generally, consuming countries require that many domestically produced and imported goods should satisfy certain minimum levels of quality, health and safety standards. These standards are particularly prominent with respect to agricultural, food and health products; and many of these fall under the category of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Health; Phytosanitary measures; Food sanitation; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37922; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35114.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/824

Boletín Informativo
Provedor de dados: 20
Informe especial sobre el 25º PERIODO SESESIONES DEL COMITÉ DE PESCA (COFI) DE FAO Roma, 24 al 28 de febrero de 2003 Informe sobre la Aplicación del CCPPR y Planes de Acción Internacionales Conexos (Capacidad, Pesca Ilegal No Declarada y No Reglamentadas - IUU, Inglés / INDRN, Español - Aves Marinas, Tiburones) y la Mejora de la Eficacia del Seguimiento, Control y Vigilancia de los Buques Pesqueros. Decisiones y Recomendaciones del Sub Comité de COFI sobre Comercio Pesquero (Bremen 2002) Decisiones y Recomendaciones de la 1ra. Reunión del Sub Comité de COFI sobre Acuicultura. La pesca en pequeña escala. CITES (Comité para la Protección de Fauna y Flora en Amenaza de Extinción)
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Trade; Aquaculture; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_550; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2787

Boletín Estadístico Pesquero 2008
Provedor de dados: 20
A partir de la firma del Proyecto de Gestión Pesquera DINARA-FAO (UTF/URU/025/URU), en septiembre de 2007, se comenzó a conformar una Unidad de Economía Pesquera. Sus objetivos se focalizaron en fortalecer la capacidad de recolección y análisis estadístico de la información socio-económica del sector. En el 2008 esta Unidad compiló y realizó un análisis de la información comprendida entre los años 2002 y 2007, reanudando luego de varios años esta publicación histórica. La misma fue un éxito en todo sentido, especialmente para consulta de los diferentes actores del sector. La aceptación y receptividad que ha tenido dicha publicación nos motiva y obliga a continuar en esta línea, rumbo a la obtención de un producto de valor y utilidad, basado exclusivamente...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Fishery statistics; Fisheries; Trade; Fisheries; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2934; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3244

Boletín Informativo
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: DINARA.
El presente boletín pone a consideración de todos los interesados las actividades, resoluciones y noticias que se generan mes a mes. En cada artículo se esboza un breve resumen de lo acontecido en determinada área o actividad, figurando al pie un link a la dirección de correo electrónico de contacto para el tema en cuestión. Esto no sólo acerca la noticia sino que pone a disposición de los interesados un referente institucional para cada tema a efectos de poder ampliar, a pedido, la información sobre el mismo.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Project evaluation; Information services; Sport fishing; Fishery products; Trade; Environment management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4375

Résultats de la pêche commerciale à Nouadhibou
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Cheickh, M.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Commercial fishing; Trade; Cephalopod fisheries.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4982

Boletín Estadístico Pesquero (2002-2007)
Provedor de dados: 20
A partir de la firma del Proyecto de Gestión Pesquera DINARA-FAO (UTF/URU/025/URU) en setiembre de 2007, se comenzó a conformar una Unidad de Economía Pesquera, la cual estuvo dirigida a fortalecer la capacidad de recolección y análisis estadístico de la información socio-económica del sector. Esta Unidad ha permitido compilar y analizar información estadística pesquera entre los años 2002 y 2007 y ponerla a disposición del público en este Boletín Estadístico Pesquero, reanudando así, luego de varios años, una serie de publicaciones de importancia clave para el sector pero también para la sociedad civil en general, dado que los recursos pesqueros constituyen parte del patrimonio nacional. El trabajo conjunto de técnicos de DINARA y especialistas...
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Fishery statistics; Fishing vessels statistics; Fishermen statistics; Trade; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2949

Rapport dialogue régional "plus de cohérence pour une pêche durable", 11 - 12 décembre 2007, Dakar (Sénégal)
Provedor de dados: 20
avec l’appui de l’OCDE et du Club du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Fishery policy; Environments; Sustainable fishing; Fishery economics; Trade; Fishery resources; Fisheries resources.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4582

Séminaire de formation en groupe sur les techniques améliorées de traitement de conservation et de transformation du poisson et des produits halieutiques
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: DIOP, M. Y.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Fish; Hygiene; Fermentation; Trade; Packing fishery products; Conservation of salt; Fishery economics; Fish; Hygiene; Fermentation; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15903; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3739; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2855; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1716

Séminaire de formation en groupe sur les techniques améliorées de traitement de conservation et de transformation du poisson et des produits halieutiques
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: DIOP, M. Y.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Fish; Hygiene; Fermentation; Trade; Packing fishery products; Conservation of salt; Fishery economics; Fish; Hygiene; Fermentation; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15903; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3739; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2855; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1716

Contribution de la recherche à l'amélioration des moyens d'existence durables des communautés de pêche artisanale: étude de cas du Sénégal
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Moustapha, Déme; Ibrahima, Seck; Diébel, Sarr; Moustapha, Thiam; Karim, Dahou; Mamadou Diop, Thioune; Aliou, Sall.
Jusqu'à une période récente, le choix et l'exécution des thèmes de recherche se faisaient sans aucune concertation ni coordination avec l'administration, les professionnels et les ONG. Le processus actuel tient davantage compte de l'ensemble des acteurs de la pêche, mais si les professionnels sont consultés lors de l'élaboration de mesures, leur participation se réduit souvent à une simple validation, sans qu'ils puissent intervenir dans l'exécution proprement dite. Ce projet vise à mieux rendre compte des capacités et programmes de recherche du point de vue des politiques nationales relatives à la pêche. Le rapport suivant synthétise quatre notes sur les conditions de vie des groupes évoluant dans la pêche artisanale, la fourniture de services de...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Fishery research; Funding; Artisanal fishing; Trade; Fisheries management; Cephalopod fisheries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4581

Contribution Economique et Sociale de la pêche artisanale au Sénégal
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Dione, D.; Sy, A.B.; Ndiaye, M.S.
Programme pour des Moyens d'Existence Durables dans la Pêche en Afrique de l'Ouest. Projet Pilote 1 "Moyens d'Existence améliorés dans le secteur post-capture de la pêche artisanale" au Cameroun, en Gambie, au Sénégal et au Tchad.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fishing; Marine fisheries; Fishery resources; Fish consumption; Trade; Commercial fishing; Marine fisheries; Fishery resources; Trade; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4611; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2942; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7848.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2891

Diagnostic des pêcheries du poulpe (octopus vulgaris) dans les eaux sous juridiction sénégalaise. Rapport définitif
Provedor de dados: 20
Les seiches, poulpes, calmars et nautiles forment la Classe des Céphalopodes de l’Embranchement des Mollusques de grande taille, exclusivement marins. Leur croissance est rapide, leur arrivée à la maturité sexuelle précoce et leur durée de vie courte. Le poulpe a une très large aire de distribution incluant les eaux maritimes tropicales. Elle abonde surtout en Méditerranée, dans les eaux japonaises (Océan Pacifique) et dans l’Atlantique Centre-Est qui s’étend du Maroc à l’Angola. La pêche du poulpe s’est développée au large du Sahara dans les années 1960. Son importance dans la zone du COPACE notamment, au Maroc, en Mauritanie et au Sénégal, s’expliquerait par la raréfaction de ses prédateurs potentiels (Serranidés, Sparidés). Au Sénégal, elle est...
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Octopus fisheries; Fishery legislation; Trade; Sexual reproduction; Fishing effort; Fishing fleet; Security; Fishing licenses; Habitat (natural); Agreements.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4577

A study of the trade in Smoked-Dried Fish From West Africa to th United Kingdom
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Ansen, W.
The quantity of smoked fish from West Africa entering the United Kingdom is estimated to be in the region of 500 tonnes per year with a retail value of £5.8 to £9.35 million. Approximately 120 tonnes arrives by airfreight, a significant proportion of the remainder is thought to be entering as accompanied baggage and product is also arriving overland from mainland Europe. Nigeria currently exports approximately 5 tonnes of smoked fish per month as airfreight - 60 tonnes per annum. Most of this is via Gatwick Airport. The other major exporting countries are Ghana, the Ivory Coast and Cameroon....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Smoked products; Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/914

Note de conjoncture
Provedor de dados: 20
L’analyse des résultats de la pêche artisanale, des sites sous revus, au premier semestre 2012, révèle une hausse globale de 13% des débarquements et de 15% de la valeur commerciale estimée (VCE) par rapport à la même période de 2011. Le sous secteur de la pêche industrielle, à l’exception de la pêche sardinière qui n’a pas fait l’objet de d’analyse dans cette note par faute de données disponibles, se caractérise par une baisse des débarquements de la pêche chalutière de 33% et une production de 1403,71 tonnes de la thonière au premier semestre 2012 comparativement à la même période de 2011 qui n’avait pas enregistré de débarquements. La transformation artisanale au niveau du site de Joal est marquée par une faible baisse de 4% de la production. Cette...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fishing; Fishing industry; Fish species; Landing statistics; Processing fishery products; Markets; Tuna fisheries; Trawling; Sardine fisheries; Exports; Trade.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4723

Revue sectorielle de la pêche au Sénégal: aspects socio-économiques
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Moustapha Déme; MoustaphaKébé.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fishing; Fishing industry; Marketing and distribution; Funding; Processing fishery products; Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4579

Macroeconomics and Forest Sustainability in the Developing World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Governments often use fiscal, exchange rate, monetary policy as well as export promotion tax increases, privatization, and land reform as part of comprehensive adjustments packages for addressing economic imbalances, balance of payments, and structural weaknesses. Such approaches, however, have come under heavy criticism for failing to recognize the social and environmental costs associated with them. Critics have argued that economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased primary product exports increase pressure on many sectors, including the agricultural and forestry land use sectors. This paper examines a number of these types of external shocks. This paper makes two arguments. First, from a theoretical economic perspective, although in many cases...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forests; Sustainability; Macroeconomics; Trade; Exchange rates; Structural adjustment; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10458

Dairy Food Consumption, Production, and Policy in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campo,   Isabelle Schluep; Beghin,   John C.
We explore and investigate Japanese dairy markets. We first provide an overview of consumer demand and how it evolved after World War II. Using historical data and econometric estimates of Japanese dairy demand, we identify economic, cultural, and demographic forces that have been shaping consumption patterns. Then we summarize the characteristics of Japanese milk production and dairy processing and policies affecting them. We next describe the import regime and trade flows in dairy products. The analysis of the regulatory system of the dairy sector shows how its incentive structure affects the long-term prospects of various segments of the industry. The paper concludes with policy recommendations of how to reform the Japanese dairy sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumption; Dairy; Japan; Milk; Policy; Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18596

DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL CROPS TRADE SECTOR OF SUDAN UNDER THE INCREASING WORLD FOOD PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elgali,   Mohamed B.; Mustafa,   Rajaa H.; Bauer,   Siegfried.
The agricultural trade of the Sudan is expected to develop under the recent dramatic increase of world food prices. Sudan as one of the developing countries and as price taker on the world agricultural market has been affected greatly by the world price increase. This paper aims at studying the impact of the increasing world food prices on developments of the agricultural crops trade sector of Sudan. In this paper a multimarket model is used as the main tool to estimate the increase of the world food prices on the crop trade sector. Multi-market analysis is a tool for simulating the effects of agricultural price policies on outcomes considered of interest to policy makers. The model under consideration takes the normal specification of a standard partial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Multi-market model; Sudan; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97067

Growing Demand for Animal-Protein-Source Products in Indonesia: Trade Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
New elasticities were estimated from Indonesia's 1996, 1999, and 2002 National Socio-Economic Survey, or SUSENAS, data using a double-hurdle demand specification. The estimates suggest that major changes in Indonesian household diets are expected in the coming years, as income growth is sustained and as urbanization proceeds at a fast pace. The consumption 'trading-up' pattern for animal-protein source products observed in many countries may also occur in Indonesia. In this particular case, households will shift from fish to dairy and meat products. The trade impacts of this emerging consumption pattern will be determined by the cost of adjustment in Indonesia's domestic productive capacity and the influence of the country's predominantly Islamic tradition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand; Household consumption; Trade; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18502

Debt, Trade, and Payments Issues of Developing Countries and U.S.-Mexican Economic Interdependencies
Provedor de dados: 31
Debt problems of developing countries seriously constrain their economic and social development as well as the prospects and pace of economic recovery in the developed countries. Debt and trade problems of Mexico are particularly important for the U.S. agricultural economy because of the size and importance of U.S.-Mexican agricultural trade. The importance of Mexico as a U.S. trading partner lends importance to research on Mexican supply, demand, and trade of agricultural commodities and on macroeconomic and monetary policies affecting Mexico's demand and capacity to import. The ninth meeting of the Consortium on Trade Research focused on the debt, trade, and payments problems of developing countries and on U.S.-Mexican economic relationships.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Debt; Trade; Mexico; United States; Agricultural policy; Research.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51270

QUANTIFYING REGULATORY BARRIERS TO ASIAN-U.S. FOOD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.; Wang,   Joanne.
Data on U.S. Food and Drug Administration import detentions and alerts are used to quantify regulatory barriers experienced by Asian food products entering the United States. These data offer the only comprehensive means of assessing regulatory barriers without relying on expert opinion, although they fall short of placing a dollar value on the volume of trade affected. The data show that meeting food regulations is a significant barrier to Asian food products entering the United States, especially for products originating in developing and newly industrialized countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asia; Food products; Regulatory standards; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14696

Tariff Escalation in the Doha Talks--Bringing the Issue to Resolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Vanzetti,   David.
Development objectives dictate that the Doha negotiations address tariff escalation. This could increase the production and export of processed goods in developing countries, expand investment and employment, and reduce dependence on primary product exports. Despite its importance, little progress has been made, notwithstanding that a final resolution to the negotiations will not be possible without bringing this issue to resolution. This paper quantifies tariff escalation within WTO members' tariff schedules and the degree to which a tiered formula could address this problem. Utilizing a detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model we estimate the possible gains to developing countries from reducing tariff escalation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6034

Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Caused by SPS Measures and Customs Procedures with Product Quality Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Lan; Yue,   Chengyan.
This study develops a methodology to quantify the combined effects of two major nontariff barriers (NTBs), sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and customs and administrative procedures. We employ a constant elasticity of substitution (CES) utility function with factor-augmenting technical progress to incorporate changes in the quality of goods. We then estimate the effects of these two NTBs in the Japanese cut flower market. Results show that estimates of SPS are biased without considering product quality changes caused by the customs and administrative procedures for highly perishable agricultural products. If these Japanese NTBs were removed, findings suggest there would be a significant increase in cut flower imports by Japan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Customs and administrative procedures; Cut flowers; Japan; Non-tariff barriers; Sanitary and phytosanitary measures; Technical barriers to trade; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50087

Trade and Development When Exports Lack Diversification: A Case Study From Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Persaud,   Suresh Chand; Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager.
Developing countries, particularly those that depend heavily on a small number of agricultural exports, are vulnerable to domestic and international shocks. These countries often have difficulty achieving sustained economic growth. This analysis uses Malawi, a country that earns most of its foreign exchange from tobacco, as a case study of export concentration and heavy exposure to volatility. The econometric results suggest that the decline in Malawi’s gross domestic product (GDP) when tobacco exports are falling is almost three times greater than the increase in GDP when exports are rising. Model-based simulations indicate that variability in tobacco exports leads to slower economic growth because GDP falls by a relatively large amount in response to a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Tobacco; Export-led growth; Asymmetry; Volatility; Productivity; Trade; Development; Marketing efficiency; Price transmission; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55943

Trade Policy Implications of Carbon Labels on Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baddeley,   Shane; Cheng,   Peter; Wolfe,   Robert.
Despite the presence of food miles labels and carbon labels on the market for many years, relatively little data is available on how consumers respond to these labels. It is one thing to show people saying in surveys they will use carbon labels, and quite another to have evidence of people actually using them. Carbon labels could be complicated to develop and implement fairly, with significant burdens on producers, especially in developing countries. If the only problem that a carbon label solves is relieving the bad conscience of rich western consumers, then they will be a disaster. Tackling climate change is too urgent to waste time and resources on anything that may prove to be a sideshow.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Policy carbon; Labels; Wto; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122740

Trade and Investment Effects of Forced Labour: An Empirical Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Braun,   Sebastian.
This paper explores the international economic effects of forced labour, namely the linkages of forced labour with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses several forms and the prevalence of forced labour and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results show that forced labour may enhance the endowment of unskilled labour. It can thus be expected to improve comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of forced labour is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with forced labour. This result even holds for relatively poor developing countries.  ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In dem vorliegenden Beitrag...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forced Labour; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Cross-Country Regression Framework; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F14; F23; O19.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26231

Seed Business Management in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacRobert,   John F.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Seed industry; Seed production; Trade; Commodity markets; Marketing; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; E10; E20; E21; E70; E73; F03.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56174

Impact of China’s Agriculture Policies on Domestic and World Commodity Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Seeley,   Ralph.
China’s agricultural and trade policies have been shifting despite little change in policy objectives.  This paper investigates potential implications of recent agriculture policies applied in China, and quantitatively analyzes their impacts on domestic and international commodity markets. Results from a 42 country partial equilibrium dynamic agricultural simulation model indicate that the effects on international markets are likely to be small with world price impacts of less than one percent.  The set of policies partially offset each other in the international market. Results indicate increased returns to farmers and lowering domestic prices to consumers. China’s producers increase production slightly because of increased input subsidies. Exports are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Policy; Trade; Value added tax; Export tax; Subsidies; VAT rebates; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51704

Market Prospects for Pulses in South Asia: International and Domestic Trade Supplementary Report of the Project: Market Prospects for Upland Crops Products and Policy Analysis in Selected Asian Countries (MPUPA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyi,   Hla; Mruthyunjaya; Khan,   Naseer Alam; Liyanapathirana,   Rupasena; Bottema,   J.W. Taco.
This study contains compilations of price trends, production trends and institutional issues in the international market for food legumes or pulses. In recent years substantial changes have taken place in the Asian pulse market. There are signs that the national markets have opened up for imports with the result by the mid 1990s that Australia and Myanmar have become the major inter-regional suppliers of pulses. Nevertheless, participation of other countries in the Asian pulse market is very wide and includes production centres in Latin America, North America, Western and Eastern Europe and Africa. The study also reveals that within the group of pulses there are substantial price differences between specific varieties and species. This indicates that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Grain legumes; Prices; Markets; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32683

A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ANIMAL WELFARE, TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN SCOTLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Ashworth,   Cheryl J.; Stott,   Alistair W.
This research analyses the impacts of a scientific advance that improves animal welfare, upon the environment and trade in Scotland using partial equilibrium (PE) modelling. The science improves pig neonatal survival through improved (high fibre) sow diets used before mating. Our model simulates the effects of animal welfare changes on the pig production systems (pig meat) and further on trade flows (trade in pig meat) and environment (water and air pollution). We consider two animal welfare simulation scenarios, namely the status quo – no animal welfare change as regards pig neonatal mortality (baseline scenario) and the case of improving pig neonatal survival (alternative scenario) and compare the impacts on trade and environment between the two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pig Welfare; Trade; Environment; Scotland; Partial Equilibrium Model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q50.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44825

International Agricultural Baseline Projections to 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Rip; Westcott,   Paul C.; Wainio,   John.
This report provides baseline projections for international supply, demand, and trade for major agricultural commodities to 2007. It is a companion report to USDA Agricultural Baseline Projections, providing the foreign country details supporting those projections. Projections of strong global economic growth, particularly in developing countries, combined with more open foreign markets and the emergence of China as a major bulk commodity importer, support strong projected gains in U.S. farm exports. The value of total U.S. agricultural exports is projected to rise from a record $57.3 billion in FY 1997 to nearly $85 billion in 2007. The projections were completed based on information available as of December 1997, and reflect a composite of model results...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Commodities; International; Projections; Supply; Use; Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33951

Regulatory Institutions in Agricultural Markets: A Comparative Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sorensen,   Ann-Christin; Tennbakk,   Berit.
We have employed a simple model to analyse market regulation in a situation with multifunctional agricultural production, i.e., a public good produced jointly with a private good, and where there is imperfect competition in processing. We have analysed the impact on welfare of two archetype regulatory institutions formed to overcome the market imperfections. The institutions, a Regulatory Marketing Board and a Regulatory Marketing Cooperative, are both represented in the Norwegian agricultural market. Taking into account the cost of public funds, we find that the Board in general ensures the highest social welfare. The Cooperative does not replicate the Board solution unless restricted by a price cap and in combination with a production subsidy. If the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperative; Marketing board; Multifunctionality; Oligopsony; Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24916

Lessons Learned from the Phase-out of the MFA: Moving from Managed Distortion to Managed Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.; Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.
While the elimination of the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) was presumed to be a net global benefit because it represented an elimination of a distortionary set of trade agreements, it was based on the assumption that the underlying global trading regime was based on free trade principles. However, due to the trading pattern that has emerged after the MFA and its unintended consequences – with production infrastructure and trading rules based on distortionary incentives so entrenched into the system – the global trading regime after the elimination of quotas is still far short of free.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: MFA; Textile and clothing; Trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104063

On the EU–U.S. Biodiesel ‘Splash &amp; Dash' Controversy: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
Replaced with revised version of paper on 10/26/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Splash &amp; dash; Biodiesel; Blender’s tax credit; Tax exemption; Trade; European Union; Unites States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q27; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61425

Discussion: Exchange Rates, Energy Policy and Outcomes in Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
These three invited papers examine the role that exchange rates may have in influencing commodity prices, input prices and farm income. The papers arguably represent one of the most important recent attempts to quantify and explain these new linkages. As U.S. and world agriculture moves from a period of high output prices to a period of lower prices, understanding the impact of macroeconomic variables on farm input costs and farm income will become more important. Further, it will be equally important for policy makers to undertake appropriate market interventions in order to have maximum effectiveness should this period of cost-price-squeeze continue to intensify. Each of the papers has something significant to contribute to the understanding and debate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Energy; Exchange rates; Macropolicy; Markets; Trade; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53098

Technology, Trade, and Income Distribution in West Germany: A Factor-Share Analysis, 1976-1994
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ochsen,   Carsten; Welsch,   Heinz.
This paper examines the determinants of functional income distribution in West Germany. The approach is to estimate a complete system of factor share equations for low-skilled labor, high-skilled labor, capital, energy, and materials, taking account of biased technological progress and increasing trade-orientation. Technological progress is found to reduce the share of low-skilled labor and to raise the share of high-skilled labor. The effect of technology bias on the two labor shares is enhanced by substitution of intermediate inputs for lowskilled labor, which is almost absent in the case of high-skilled labor. Trade-induced changes in the composition of aggregate output tend to mitigate these effects, due to the relatively favorable export performance...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Income shares; Factor substitution; Technological progress; Trade; D33; F16; O30.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37135

The Philippine Bakery Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woods,   Mollie; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Bakery; Philippines; Bakery Ingredients; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; D4; F1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52381

Effects of Maize Marketing and Trade Policy on Price Unpredictability in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.
As events in the 2008/09 season have amply demonstrated, instability in staple food market                         remains a major problem in Zambia. A rise in world food price levels and instability, which is                                      projected to occur in the near future according to several international institutes, will make it                                      all more important for developing countries to consider the strengths and weaknesses of                                      alternative approaches for buffering their domestic food systems from potential high volatility                                      in world markets.                                       These findings suggest that promoting more “rules based” approaches to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Maize; Trade; Price; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54499

WESTERN CANADA’S EXPORTS: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING COMPETITIVENESS IN KEY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mirus,   Rolf; Ryan,   Chris.
This report surveys the export performance of Western Canadian goods producers for the period 1995 to 2007. During that period Canada’s GDP growth outpaced export growth, but Western Canada’s exports grew at a faster rate than Canada’s exports overall, resulting in increased weight of Western exports in Canada’s total. As well, Western Canada’s exports have shifted significantly towards the NAFTA markets of US and Mexico. The composition of products exported from the West and the individual provinces is shown in detail. Each province is found to have unique export strengths. During the observation period, B.C.’s exports were the most volatile and Manitoba’s the least, but overall the provincial economies of Alberta and Saskatchewan were the most volatile....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Western Canada; International trade; Trade; Competitiveness; Key markets; NAFTA; FTA; Free trade agreements; Imports; Exports; United States; Alberta; Western provinces; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60430

The Free Trade Area of the Americas and the Market for Processed Orange Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spreen,   Thomas H.; Brewster,   Charlene; Brown,   Mark G.
The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world’s two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States.  Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination.  A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production.  The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S. production, grower and processor prices, and imports.  The results suggest a sizeable price impact on U.S. producers if the tariff is eliminated.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Orange juice; Spatial equilibrium; Tariffs; Trade; C61; F13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37837

Agricultural Trade Policy Options for Sri Lanka During Crisis Times
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sri Lanka; Trade; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90882

AGRIBUSINESS TRADE CREDIT -- A PARADOX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.
This article utilizes the Survey of Small Business Finances to compare and contrast trade credit practices of rural small business firms.  The results show that these firms borrow money and then re-lend it to others in the form of trade credit.  There is a strong direct relationship between various forms of debt held by these firms and their level of accounts receivable (e.g., trade credit extended to customers).  The actual level of re-lending varied among firms depending on their adoption level of computers that are used for cash management and credit services.  Accounts receivable balances were also dependent on sales levels, costs of doing business, and other income.     The most important source of funds for re-lending was obtained from mortgages and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Trade; Credit; Finance; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23513

THE PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH TO IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL AND THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Washington,   Andrew A.; Kilmer,   Richard L.
Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model.  In comparing the consumer demand price/corss-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Demand; Imports; International; Production; Rotterdam; Trade; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; D24; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15070

Potential Impacts of WTO Accession on the Agribusiness Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Nikolic,   Aleksandra.
Bosnia Herzegovina (BH) is in the process of joining the World Trade Organization in the near future and the European Union in the medium term. As a net agriculture and food importer, accession will require BH to expose some of its inefficient and sensitive agricultural industries, such as meat and dairy products, to international competition. A bilateral trade model is used to estimate the potentially negative impacts of accession on production and trade in several specific sectors. According to the research results, BH imports are estimated to increase, driven by the livestock products sector. Exports are only marginally affected. A drop in overall customs revenues is expected. BH is expected to experience a small reduction in agricultural sector welfare...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bosnia Herzegovina; WTO accession; Trade; Agricultural tariffs; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114611

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Malaysia: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tengku Ahmad,   Tengku Mohd Ariff.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Malaysia. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, soybean, wheat, tobacco, palm oil, rubber, cocoa, pepper, saw logs and sawn timber. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Malaysia.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32709

Growing Demand for Animal-Protein-Source Products in Indonesia: Trade Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
New elasticities were estimated from Indonesia's 1996, 1999, and 2002 National Socio-Economic Survey, or SUSENAS, data using a double-hurdle demand specification. The estimates suggest that major changes in Indonesian household diets are expected in the coming years, as income growth is sustained and as urbanization proceeds at a fast pace. The consumption "trading-up" pattern for animal-protein source products observed in many countries may also occur in Indonesia. In this particular case, households will shift from fish to dairy and meat products. The trade impacts of this emerging consumption pattern will be determined by the cost of adjustment in Indonesia's domestic productive capacity and the influence of the country's predominantly Islamic tradition.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand; Household consumption; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21417

Multilateral Trade Agreements and Market-Based Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Yoshino,   Yutaka.
We review the legal provisions of the WTO regime that have important implications for national, market-based environmental policies. We evaluate those provisions for their effects on a member country's ability and incentives to design economically efficient environmental policies. International trade institutions do not recognize the polluter pays principle, posing some challenges for unilateral policies addressing cross-border pollutants and leakage. Nor do they recognize the economic equivalence of emission tax and permit regimes, leading to different potential constraints on policy design and leaving some environmental policies open to influence by protectionist motives. As many legality issues have yet to be disputed and resolved, opportunities exist...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; WTO; GATT; Market-based policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F1; Q38.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10758

A Dynamic CGE Model: An Application of R&amp;D- Based Endogenous Growth Model Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
An R&amp;D based endogenous growth - applied general equilibrium model is developed from an underlying analytical model which combines Romer's capital variety with Grossman and Helpman's multi-sector open economy model. The transitional dynamics of the analytical model are derived. For numerical implementation, a time discrete empirical model, with an Armington structure, is fit to East Asian data of the social accounting matrix variety. Simulations of trade reform are performed and their static and dynamic effects compared. The transition paths of the state variables are found to have a half-life of five to six periods. A solution of the Social Planner's problem, and interventions which seek to obtain this outcome from the decentralized model are also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Applied General Equilibrium; Trade; Growth; International Relations/Trade; F11; 031; 041.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7461

Quality Signaling and International Trade in Food Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Gozlan,   Estelle; Marette,   Stephan.
Focusing on the issue of food safety, we consider a framework of repeated purchases under the scenario of imperfect information on product quality (adverse selection and experience goods). A firm in a northern country can more easily detect tainted products than can a southern one. When imports are banned, the northern firm does not always signal the actual quality of its products. Competition from imports may lead the northern firm to test the quality of its products as a way to differentiate itself from foreign competitors. Consumers benefit from the disclosure of information on quality, even though borders are open to products of uncertain quality. However, competition from imports also increases the cost of signaling high quality. This can be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adverse selection; North-south trade; Signaling; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18636

Autocracies and Development in a Global Economy: A Tale of Two Elites
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akerman,   Anders; Larsson,   Anna; Naghavi,   Alireza.
Current version uploaded April 2013.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Development; Economic Institutions; Political Institutions; Trade; Capital Mobility; Capital Accumulation; Comparative Advantage; Capital Mobility; F10; F20; P14; P16; O10; O24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115848

Russia’s cereal markets: current trends, changes in net-trade position, and policy implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muller,   Marc; Wehrheim,   Peter.
This paper provides an overview of the most recent developments on Russian cereal markets. A review of annual statistics on domestic production, trade, consumption, and storage of cereals reveals that the improvement in Russia’s net trade position cannot only be explained by increased productivity of grain producers. Exhausted storage capacities and lowered real trade costs after the devaluation of the Russian rouble in 1998 seem to have contributed to these developments. A computable general equilibrium model for Russia based on 1999 data was used for analyzing various economic developments and policy changes. The model simulations show that market protection in the short run, when the flexibility of labor and capital is restricted, may benefit Russian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Russia; Agriculture; Cereals; Trade; General Equilibrium Analysis; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97439

The Environmental Impacts of Trade Liberalization: A Quantitative Analysis for the United States Using TEAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Creason,   Jared R.; Fisher,   Michael; Semenova,   Svetlana; Stone,   Susan F.
A highly disaggregated emissions factor model is presented. The model generates changes in emissions and resource use by state and 6-digit NAICS sector. Removal of all U.S. import restrictions is examined. Results for agriculture show that composition effects explain highly varied regional patterns of emission changes. Scale effects are also important for expanding sectors. Quantitative assessments such as this may prove useful in conducting full environmental reviews of U.S. trade agreements consistent with Executive Order 13141 and the Free Trade Act of 2002.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Emissions; Input-output; Residuals; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10198

Does International Trump Domestic Trade? The Seed Potato Market in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thibodeau,   David R.; Clark,   J. Stephen; Yang,   Jinbin; Prochazka,   Petr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Potato; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43458

Differentiated Agri-Food Product Trade and the Linder Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haq,   Zahoor Ul; Meilke,   Karl D.
Using a generalized gravity equation, this study tests for the Linder effect in differentiated agrifood product trade, i.e. as the demand structures of two countries become more similar, their trade intensity increases. Two proxies of demand structure, the Balassa index and the absolute value of the difference in per capita GDPs of trading partners, are used to capture the Linder effect. In addition, two measures of bilateral trade, the Grubel and Lloyed index, and the value of bilateral trade are used as the dependent variable. The study investigates the role of the Linder effect in explaining the trade of 37 differentiated agri-food and beverage products categorized into eight product groups: cereals; fresh fish; frozen fish; vegetables; fresh fruit;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Generalized Gravity Equation; Grubel and Lloyed index; Linder Effect; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46629

MFA Quotas Elimination: the Case of Cotton Yarn in Greece -  a Multi-Market vs. a Single Market Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dadakas,   Dimitrios; Katranidis,   Stelios D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Multi-Market; Welfare; International Relations/Trade; D6; F1; C0.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21390

A Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries under High Food Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Bingxin; You,   Liangzhi; Fan,   Shenggen.
The recent surge in food prices around the world may reverse the gains of reducing hunger and poverty in the recent years. This paper employs factor and sequential typology analysis using data for 175 countries to identify groups of countries categorized according to four measures of food security: utilization, availability, accessibility and stability. Nine indicators are used for this study: calories intake, protein intake, fat intake, food production, the ratio of total exports to food imports, soil fertility, length of growing period, coefficient of variation of length of growing period and urbanization. The analysis first identifies 5 distinct food security groups characterized by food intake then further split these groups based on similarities and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Factor analysis; Agricultural potential; Typology; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; C0; F0; O1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51043

Trade, Technique and Composition Effects: What is Behind the Fall in World-Wide SO2 Emissions 1990-2000?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grether,   Jean-Marie; Mathys,   Nicole A.; de Melo,   Jaime.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/18/07.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Growth; Environment; Decomposition; Embodied Emissions in Trade; Transport; International Relations/Trade; F11; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7448

A Strategic Perspective on the Impact of Food Safety Standards on Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henson,   Spencer J.; Jaffee,   Steven.
This paper explores the competing concepts of 'standards as barriers' and standards as catalysts' in the context of food safety standards in international trade in agricultural and food products.  It is suggested that food safety standards can act as both a barrier to trade and the basis of competitive positioning for developing countries in international markets.  This suggests that the application of a strategic framework to analyze and assess alternative responses to evolving food safety standards can throw some light on the circumstances under which standards act to prohibit trade or, alternatively, create competitive trade opportunities.  The use of such a framework is illustrated through a brief case study of fish and fishery product exports from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Food; Trade; Food Safety; Standards; Technical barriers to Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; K32; F13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25456

From Agriculture to Mining: The Impact of Structural Changes in Australian Commodity Exports on the Australian Terms of Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frost,   Mark; Parton,   Kevin A.
Australia has long been considered a commodity based economy, with the relationship between the terms of trade and the real exchange rate well documented. Less well documented are the determinants of the Australian terms of trade and how these have moved in response to structural change and growing internationalisation of the Australian economy. This paper examines the Australian terms of trade since 1983 and links movements with the increasing internationalisation of the Australian economy and structural changes within the export and import sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Terms of trade; Trade; Commodity prices; Australian economy; Resource sector; Exchange rates; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47630

TARIFF ESCALATION: IMPACTS ON U.S. AND GLOBAL RICE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Hoffman,   Linwood A.; Childs,   Nathan W.
Tariff escalation is an important aspect of protection for domestic milling industries, particularly in Central America. The United States exports over 40 percent of its rice as paddy. This study uses a spatial equilibrium trade model to evaluate the impacts of tariff escalation on U.S. and global long grain paddy and milled rice trade.  Tariffs are harmonized for paddy and milled rice at two levels: milled tariff rates and zero.  The results indicate that tariff escalation distorts US rice trade in favor of paddy exports, reducing the demand for rice milling and associated value-added activities in the US.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Rice; Trade; Milling; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20137

The Food Marketing System in 1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallo,   Anthony E.
The number of new food processing plants rose sharply in 1995. Profitability from food manufacturing and retailing operations (excluding interest expense) continued to increase, reflecting strong sales, wage and producer price stability, and streamlining of operations. The number of mergers and leveraged buyouts fell. New product introductions, consumer advertising expenditures, common stock prices and the positive U.S. balance of trade in processed food reached new highs. This report analyzes and assesses yearly developments in growth, conduct, performance, and structure of the institutions--food processors, wholesalers, retailers, and foodservice firms--that comprise the Nation's food marketing system. Industry growth includes changes in sales for each...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food marketing; Food processors; Wholesalers; Retailers; Foodservice; Advertising; Profitability; Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33679

Quantification of Sanitary, Phytosanitary, and Technical Barriers to Trade for Trade Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe.
This paper presents promising methodologies for modeling and quantifying nontariff barriers (NTB) to trade in the agricultural and food sectors. We limit the analysis to sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations that can have an impact on trade and to methods that provide some quantitative estimates of the impact of such barriers on market equilibrium, trade flows, economic efficiency, and welfare. Given the heterogeneous nature of these regulations, a unifying methodology does not exist. Quantification of the effects of such measures has focused on a particular product and has relied on methods that belong to different fields of the economic literature. We provide a concise description and evaluation of the various methods available for a more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Non-tariff barriers; NTB; Policy; Sanitary and phytosanitary; SPS; TBT; Technical barriers to trade; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18620

Export Structure, FDI and Child Labour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Braun,   Sebastian.
The paper addresses the linkage between certain aspects of the increasing economic integration of world markets and the level of child labour. We empirically examine, first, the often-cited conventional wisdom that multinational enterprises invest in countries where the extent of child labour is relatively high and, second, the concern that countries may gain an unfair comparative advantage in trade by using child labour. The results indicate that multinationals are highly sensitive with respect to the location of their transplants and prefer countries with lower levels of child labour. The opposite outcome applies to child labour and comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, where we find a statistically significant positive relationship. Based on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child Labour; Economic Integration; Trade; FDI; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F15; J82.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26174

The Impact of NAFTA on Agricultural Commodity Trade: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naanwaab,   Cephas B.; Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman.
This paper examines the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on agricultural commodity trade using extensive data.  The data cover agricultural exports and imports between the U.S. and NAFTA partners over the extended period of 1989-2010.  The commodities covered in our analyses include; corn, soy bean, cotton, wheat, fresh vegetables, poultry, dairy products, and red meats.  Since the signing of the agreement, U.S. total agricultural commodity trade with NAFTA members has increased three-fold from $18 billion in 1994 to $61 billion in 2010.  A partial equilibrium model, in which we derive each trading partner's excess demand and excess supply, is used to study the impact of NAFTA on trade, controlling for other trade-inducing variables such...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agricultural commodities; Trade; Partial equilibrium analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119730

The Impacts of Trade Barriers and Market Interventions on Maize Price Predictability: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.
There is continuing debate in east and southern Africa about the effects of food market reform on the welfare of small-scale farmers and low-income consumers. At the center of this debate is the perception that food prices have become more unstable in countries that have liberalized their staple food markets, thereby exacerbating the plight of poor consumers and farmers. This perception has led many governments in the region to shun an open maize borders policy and pursue a variety of food marketing and trade policy tools to stabilize food prices. Unfortunately, there remains a dearth of empirical evidence on the effects of alternative food marketing and trade policies, including that of liberalization, on price stability and predictability. Assessments of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Maize; Trade; Markets; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56798

MANAGING AN BORDER THREAT: BSE AND COOL EFFECTS ON THE CANADIAN BEEF INDUSTRY (TEACHING NOTE)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brewin,   Derek G.; Carlberg,   Jared G.; Rude,   James.
Teaching Note for "Managing a Border Threat: BSE and COOL Effects on the Canadian Beef Industry" by Carlberg et al. Review of Agricultural Economics—Volume 31, Number 4—Pages 952–962.  The note discusses BSE and COOL trade impact using three panel trade diagrams and reviews other policy options facing Canadian policy makers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Teaching Case Study; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; BSE; Country of Origin Labeling; COOL; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90434

Market Integration with Transaction Costs in Developing  Country Staple Food Markets: the Case of the Malawi Maize market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zant,   Wouter.
We investigate measurement of market integration of staple food markets in developing countries. The analysis takes the Parity Bound Model as starting point and modifies this model by parameterizing and estimating transaction costs. The specification of transaction costs takes account of transport costs, fixed source costs, fixed destination costs, ad valorem taxes &amp; levies and seasonality an is implemented on the basis of a specific sub-sample of price differentials. Price differentials combined with predicted transaction costs enable the measurement of market integration for each location and each period. The proposed method is applied to the Malawi maize market with monthly data from June 1999 to October 2009 for 26 districts. This period covers two...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food markets; Transaction costs; Trade; Market integration; Parity Bound Model; Malawi; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95777

China’s agriculture, smallholders and trade: driven by the livestock revolution?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.
China’s sustained rapid economic growth and development has contributed to the surge in consumption and production of livestock in that country termed the livestock revolution. Consumption trends are first reviewed, and changes in food consumption patterns include a marked shift away from grains and towards meats and dairy products. A question is to what extent this rapid increase in demand for livestock products is reflected in China’s agri-food trade statistics? While her agri-food imports have dramatically increased since China’s accession to the WTO, livestock products have not made a noticeable contribution, although the import of certain animal feedstuffs has. This implies China’s continuing self-sufficiency in most livestock products. The paper next...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: China; Livestock; Trade; Domestic markets; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118544

Effects of the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol on Trade in GMOs, WTO Implications, and Consequences for China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xue,   Dayuan; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The UN Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted in Montreal, 29 January, 2000 and opened for signature in Nairobi, 15-26 May, 2000 will exert a profound effect on international trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products.  In this paper, the background to the drafting and negotiation of the Protocol is outlined, and potential effects of various articles of the Protocol on international trade in GMOs are analyzed.  Based on the present status of imports of GMOs and domestic research and development of biotechnology in China, likely trends in imports of foreign GMOs and related products after China accedes to WTO is explored.  Also, China’s strategies and countermeasures to control and regulate imports of GMOs in line with implementation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Cartagena Protocol; Genetically modified organism; Trade; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48011

Rice Trade Policies and Their Implications for Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.
There is a strong linkage between the behavior of the rice market and the state of food security in many regions around the world, particularly in Asia, as made evident in the 2007-08 commodity crisis. Rice is a staple for the majority of the population in Asia, where roughly 60% of the close to one billion undernourished people live (FAO, 2010). As Timmer (2010) states, “it is impossible to improve food security in the short run or long run without providing adequate supplies of rice that are accessible to the poor” (p. 2). The rice crisis of 2007-08 showed the crucial role of export and import policies on the behavior of the rice market and its consequences for price stability and food security. Market fundamentals could only explain a minimal part of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade; Policies; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103818

Transaktionskosten und Wettbewerbspolitik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias.
The globalisation of the world economy increases international competition among companies. However, not all industries will be affected by the same extent. The degree of globalisation of an industry will be particularly influenced by the level of transaction costs. Low transaction costs will lead to globalised markets, high transaction costs to segmented markets. On the other hand, one has to consider heterogeneous consumer preferences and product differentiation as two additional factors of influence as well as the fact that transaction costs can only be roughly calculated. If these limitations are kept in mind, transaction costs could be of great importance for competition policy in determining the degree of international competition among firms. Die...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Trade; Competition policy; International Relations/Trade; F00; F13; D23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26144

Agriculture and the World Trade Organization: Does Membership Make a Difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Boys,   Kathryn A.
Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO has worked well if we ignore trade in agriculture – one of the institution’s seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows, the latter of which serves as our benchmark. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members’ agricultural trade relative to trade between non-members. Further, despite their special and differential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Membership; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90886

Potential for Intra-Regional Maize Trade in Southern Africa: an Analysis for Zambia at the Sub-National Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Longabaugh,   Steven.
This working paper explores the prospects for regional                         maize trade in helping to stabilize food availability and prices                          in Zambia. It reviews these general prospects within the                         maize economy of southern Africa. Given the important                         regional differences in Zambia’s food economy, it explores                         spatial differences in national food production, consumption                         and marketed surpluses. It also evaluates the impact of                         regional maize trade on price stability and food security in                         different parts of Zambia. The empirical evidence from                         Zambia, summarized in this...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Maize; Trade; Crop Production/Industries; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54494

Dirty Tariffication Revisited: The EU and Sugar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinbank,   Alan.
It is widely believed that a number of countries, including the EU, engaged in dirty tariffication during the Uruguay Round of trade talks. This article examines the EU’s record on sugar and finds little evidence to substantiate the claim. However, world prices increased between the base period (1986-88) and the date of implementation (1995), and so tariffication resulted in an increase in the tax that would have been charged on sugar imports into the EU. As well, the Special Safeguard provisions meant that a substantial additional levy could be charged.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; EU; Sugar; Tariffication; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23851

Temporary Migration, Remittances and Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David.
Discussions within the World Trade Organization on the temporary movement of labour across borders have met with limited success, in spite of the potential benefits to both home and destination countries. Developed countries have been reluctant to allow increased immigration because of concerns about the social and economic impacts of integrating foreign workers. Recently available bilateral data on current migration flows, differences in wages and remittances makes it possible to estimate the potential impacts of temporary migration on wages and national income. Using a general equilibrium model that separates skilled and unskilled labour, we show that a three per cent increase in the labour force due to increased migration would increase national income...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Trade; GATS mode 4; International Development; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59174

The impact of non-tariff barriers on maize and beef trade in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Wanjiku,   Julliet; Gbegbelegbe,   Sika; Nzuma,   Jonathan M.; Massawe,   Stella; Macharia,   Eric; Freeman,   H. Ade; Waithaka,   Michael M.; Kaitibie,   Simeon; Gulan,   Ayele.
The East African Customs Union was established in 2005 with the aim of increasing intraregional trade. The Customs Union protocol commits member states to eliminate non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to intraregional trade. However, several NTBs are still applied by member states. This study identifies the existing NTBs on maize and beef trade and quantifies their impact on trade and welfare of EAC citizens using a Spatial Equilibrium Model (SEM). Data on NTBs were collected from traders and transporters of maize and beef cattle in East Africa. Roadblock checks, bribes and custom rules and procedures were identified as the main NTBs to trade. The SEM model shows that a 50% reduction of the cost of NTBs, or their complete elimination would improve social welfare in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beef; Maize; Non-tariff barriers; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51672

Hungarian meat sector restructuration in the post-EU accession period
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konig,   Gabor; Nagy Orbanne,   Maria.
other Hungarian food industry sectors and also compared to the concentration level in West European countries. In the sector the share of foreign capital is also very low (17%). Because of the low share of foreign capital and relatively small concentration, structural and ownership changes were to be expected, resulting in a more concentrated and competitive sector. The restructuring process involved a number of steps. First of all, Sándor Csányi acquired Délhús and then later acquired Pick Szeged, and in 2005 these two corporations’ sectoral share was about 25%. As for the other two large corporations – R-KO-N and Carnex – in late 2005 the latter weakened significantly causing a loss in market share and the bankruptcy of two companies within its...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pig; Food industry; EU Accession; Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107655

The Paradox of Agricultural Subsidies: Measurement Issues, Agricultural Dumping, and Policy Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Timothy A.
World trade talks have foundered recently, in part due to developing country demands that industrialized countries reduce their large farm support programs to allow poor  farmers in the global South to compete more fairly. Claiming that Northern farm subsidies amount to over $1 billion a day, and that the average European cow receives more in subsidies than the nearly three billion people who live on less than two dollars a day, Southern governments, farmer groups, and international aid groups have demanded steep cuts in Northern agricultural subsidies. This paper examines the economic and policy aspects of the subsidy debate. We begin with an examination of the most widely used measure of agricultural support, the OECD's Producer Support Estimate. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Agricultural subsidies; Corn; Mexico; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15590

The Cost of the U.S. Sugar Program Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; El Osta,   Barbara; Cherlow,   Jay R.; Mohanty,   Samarendu.
We revisit the cost of the U.S. sugar program by analyzing the welfare implications of its removal. We use a multimarket model of U.S. sweetener markets, which includes raw crops, sugar extraction and refining, high-fructose corn syrup, and sweetener users (food-processing industries and final consumers). Our approach addresses the industrial organization of food industries using sweeteners and treats the United States as a large importer. We estimate that, with the removal of the program, cane growers, sugar beet growers, and beet processors would lose $307 million, $650 million, and $89 million (1999 prices), respectively. Sweetener users would gain $1.9 billion (1999 prices). The deadweight loss of the current sugar program is estimated at $532 million...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18431

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND GROWTH: AN OVERVIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEW GROWTH THEORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Mohtadi,   Hamid.
The role of international trade in the new growth theory is investigated from several perspectives. Following a historical outline and a brief analytical sketch of the R&amp;D based models, the results from fitting three structural models to data are presented. Results show the relative impacts on growth from trade and R&amp;D based policies including technological spillovers from trade. The mechanism of inter-sectoral adjustments to the long-run growth path are also discussed.  Results from selected econometric studies are reviewed. With emphasis on agriculture, this includes evidence of technological spillovers from trade, the effect of R&amp;D expenditures on growth in total factor productivity, and the extent to which the stock of technological...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endogenous Growth; Trade; Technological Spillovers; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21536

The economics of trade, biofuel, and the environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hochman,   Gal; Sexton,   Steven E.; Zilberman,   David.
The introduction of renewable biofuels was associated with global food crisis and unintended environmental consequences. This paper incorporates energy environment and agricultural sector to the classic Hecksher-Ohlin model to address these issues. A household production function model was introduced to model consumer energy choices and concern about externalities related to climate change and open space. The conceptual model links energy and food markets and derives guidelines for the development of climate change and land-use policies. The results suggest that globalization and capital  flows increase demand for energy, leading to decline in food production, increase in food prices, and loss of environmental land. Globally optimal outcomes may require...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Biofuel; Environment; Globalization; Capital flows; Technical changes; Household production; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D1; F1; Q4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59254

Trade and Geography in the Economic Origins of Islam: Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michalopoulos,   Stelios; Naghavi,   Alireza; Prarolo,   Giovanni.
This research examines the economic origins of Islam and uncovers two empirical regularities. First, Muslim countries, virtual countries and ethnic groups, exhibit highly unequal regional agricultural endowments. Second, Muslim adherence is systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography (i) determined the economic aspects of the religious doctrine upon which Islam was formed, and (ii) shaped its subsequent economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the poorly endowed ones. In such an environment it was mutually beneficial to institute a system...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Religion; Islam; Geography; Physical Capital; Human Capital; Land Inequality; Wealth Inequality; Trade; Labor and Human Capital; O10; O13; O16; O17; O18; F10; Z12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91008

Assessing the potential impact of strengthening food safety regulations on developing countries: The US Food Safety and Modernization Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mosquera,   Mauricio; Evans,   Edward A.; Walters,   Lurleen M.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
This paper’s goal is to assess the extent to which producers in Developing Countries have coped stricter US food safety regulations. We approach the question by calculating refusals/imports ratios and their trends for a sample of Developing Countries. We conclude there is a learning process in low value added products.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Traceability; Value chain analysis; Trade; Latin America and the Caribbean; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119711

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on China's Grain Sector and International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This study analyzes the potential impact of climate change on China's corn, wheat, and rice, domestic agricultural markets, and the international markets out to the year 2050. The study provides a brief background and reviews research literature of climate change effects on China's crop yields. The paper presents the potential impact of climate change on China's yields and attempts to quantify the domestic and global market impacts. The analysis has four scenarios, which assumes two future levels of greenhouse gas emissions with the effects of CO2 fertilization and no CO2 fertilization. A 27-country commodity partial equilibrium simulation mathematical programming model (PEATSim) is used for this analysis. Results indicate under CO2 fertilization, which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Trade; Climate change; GHG; CO2 fertilization; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation mathematical model.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103768

ALBERTA AGRICULTURE AND FOOD TRADE: RECENT TRENDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosario,   Joe A.
Exports have been an integral and essential feature of the agriculture and food industry in Alberta. This is a product of the province’s relatively low population and consumption base on the demand side juxtaposed with a large resource base of prime agriculture land for crop production and an abundance of range and pasture for grazing and forage for raising livestock on the supply side. A host of factors influence the disposition of surplus production or exports including global supply/demand balances, relative cost/price relations, structural changes through farm consolidation and scale economies, market access, exchange rates, sanitary and phyto‐sanitary standards and regulations, disease and pest related issues. The inherent nature of agriculture means...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Agriculture; Food; Trade; Food trade; Food industry; Commodities; Food production; Policy; Performance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60426

The Next-11 and the BRICs: Are They the Future Markets for Agrifood Trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cairns,   Alexander P.; Meilke,   Karl D.
In the mid-2000’s, Goldman Sachs identified two groups of emerging economies known as the BRICs and the Next-11. Primarily selected on the basis of having large populations, these countries were heralded as the growth centres of the future with the potential to stimulate increased demand for a wide range of commodities, including food. This study uses an import demand model to estimate how income influences per capita expenditure on agrifood imports in 63 countries. The findings suggest that as groups the BRICs and N-11 do not di↵er from other low, middle, or high income countries with respect to their import behaviour. However, disaggregation of the two groups reveals significantly larger expenditure elasticities for China, India, South Korea and Vietnam....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Next-11; BRICs; Trade; Agrifood; Imports; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122737

Habit Effects and Producer Welfare in the Fresh Vegetable Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferrier,   Peyton Michael; Zhen,   Chen.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Vegetable; Free trade agreement; Tariff; Habits; NAFTA; Andean Trade Preference Act; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103286

Latin America's Agricultural Exports to China: Recent Trends
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caballero,   Jorge; O'Connor,   Ernesto; Amado,   Blanca.
Latin America is becoming the fastest growing agricultural production region and Brazil has by far the fastest growing agricultural sector. China from being a small agricultural importer (1.4% of world imports in 1990/01), became the fifth largest importer at 5.4% of world imports in 2006/07. China's overall trade with Latin America has expanded substantially during the last two decades -the rate of growth has been greater than any other region in the world since 2005. Most exports from Latin America to China are primary products while Chinese exports to Latin America are mostly industrial products. The Chinese demand for agricultural products is concentrated in food products such as grains and oilseeds. Countries specialised in those commodities –eg....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Latin America; China; Trade; Agriculture; Soybean; Agricultural policies; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115530

GM FOOD LABELING POLICIES OF THE U.S. AND ITS TRADING PARTNERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.
Much of the international controversy of GM foods is due to labeling policies.  Countries around the world have chosen different policies to label GM foods.  We examine the labeling policies of several areas: the United States, the European Union, Australia, Japan, Canada, and China.  We discuss each country's GM labeling policy, along with a brief history of how each country arrived at their current policy.  We conclude by discussing how different policies are due to different ethical concerns of GM foods, along with the difference in perceived risks GM foods pose to health, the environment, and trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; GM foods; Labeling; Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18245

The Impact of Ownership Structure on the Performance of China's Feed Mill Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
In the decade of the 1990s, China's feed sector became increasingly privatized, more feed mills opened, and the scale of operation expanded. Capacity utilization remained low and multi-ministerial supervision was still prevalent, but the feed mill sector showed a positive performance overall, posting a growth rate of 11 percent per year. Profit margin over sales was within allowable rates set by the government of China at 3 to 5 percent. Financial efficiency improved, with a 20 percent quicker turnover of working capital. Average technical efficiency was 0.805, as more efficient feed mills increasingly gained production shares. This study finds evidence that the increasing privatization explains the improved performance of the commercial feed mill sector....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Feed mill sector; Privatization; Trade; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18693

The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time-Series Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Cho,   Yongsung; Koo,   Won W.
The dynamic relationships among trade, income and the environment for developed and developing countries are examined using a cointegration analysis. Results suggest that trade and income growth tend to increase environmental quality in developed countries, whereas they have detrimental effects on environmental quality in most developing countries. It is also found that for developed countries the causal relationship appears to run from trade and income to the environment - a change in trade and income growth causes a consequent change in environmental quality, and the opposite relationship holds for developing countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Developed countries; Developing countries; Environmental quality; Globalization; Time-series analysis; Trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6510

THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON THE CANADIAN CHICKEN MARKET: TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF CHICKEN AND STOCHASTIC WORLD PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rafajlovic,   Juanita; Cardwell,   Ryan T.
Current Doha Development Agenda (DDA) World Trade Organisation negotiations include proposals that would affect the trade barriers that protect Canada’s chicken producers from foreign competition. This research analyses the effects of the most recent proposals to emerge from the DDA negotiation on Canada’s chicken industry. We develop a partial-equilibrium model that generates welfare effects for the Canadian chicken industry supply chain. We also introduce stochastic prices to evaluate the effects of world price instability on the Canadian chicken industry. The model is also adapted to represent chicken as two distinct products; white meat and dark meat. Simulation results suggest that the welfare effects of the DDA proposals on the Canadian chicken...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; Chicken; Canada; Model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95814

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content in Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from the CEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Kancs,   d'Artis; Pokrivcak,   Jan.
The present study examines factor content in the CEE transition country agricultural trade. However, deviating from the traditional approach, we do not test the HOV prediction. Instead, we examine the theoretical predictions that relate the factor content of international trade to cross-country differences in technology and endowments. Our empirical findings suggest that factor content between agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE. In order to explain the general lack of the CEE agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox, we attempt to identify the role of transaction costs and market imperfections in determining factor content in agricultural production and trade. We find that technological differences and factor endowment...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Transaction Cost; Factor Content; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44135

A FRUTICULTURA IRRIGADA EM ÁREAS DE ASSENTAMENTO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARAÚNA – RN: ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maia,   Ana Cristina Nogueira; Costa,   Genivalda Cordeiro Da.
A fruticultura irrigada foi introduzida no Rio Grande do Norte, no final dos anos 70, pela empresa Maisa Agroindustrial S/A – MAISA, através do cultivo de melão. A partir da década de 80 outras empresas, como por exemplo, a FRUNORTE passaram a produzir melão e outras frutas na região. Porém, a partir de meados da década de 90, o melão passou a ser produzido também por médios e pequenos produtores da região, inclusive por produtores de áreas de assentamentos de Reforma Agrária, os quais se tornaram fornecedores do produto para a agroindústria – que se encarregava da venda do melão junto aos mercados externo e interno (COSTA, 2002). Este estudo teve como objetivo geral: analisar o processo de produção e comercialização da fruticultura irrigada desenvolvida...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Produção; Comercialização; Fruticultura irrigada; Production; Trade; Irrigated fruit; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113197

Identification des besoins d’information des utilisateurs pour le développement des échanges dans la sous région OA. Rapport du SIMA/Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Niger
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Niger; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57265

Trade and Exchange Rate Regime Coherence: Implications for Integration in the Americas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciuriak,   Dan.
Latin America’s trade relationships have been severely strained by the series of uncoordinated currency depreciations within the region since the Asian Crisis spilled over into Brazil in 1999 and by large swings in G-3 exchange rates. Large depreciations, whether forced by capital markets or unilaterally effected for competitive trade reasons, are equivalent to steep increases in tariffs facing trading partners; they damage trade relationships and distort trade-oriented economic growth. The sources of the unfolding regional crisis and its implications for intra-regional trade as well as trade with major external trading partners are examined. Implications for future regional economic integration are drawn.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capital flows; Contagion; Exchange rates; Finance; Trade; Western Hemisphere; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23919

Exchange Rate Volatility in BRICS Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maradiaga,   David Isaias; Zapata,   Hector O.; Pujula,   Aude Liliana.
This paper measures the impact of bilateral exchange rates, the world agricultural GDP and third-country exchange rate volatilities (Yen/USD and Euro/USD) on the BRICS agricultural exports using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Two measures of volatility are used: the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of the rates of change of the real exchange rates. We found that most variables are integrated of order two except the third-country exchange rate volatilities which are stationary and thus considered as exogenous in the VAR models. The causality between I(2) variables was tested using the modified Wald test introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We found that both volatilities (Yen/USD and Euro/USD) Granger cause Brazilian agricultural...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: BRICS; Currency Exchange Rate; Volatility; Trade; Agricultural Exports; U.S. Dollar; Risk; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119726

Too Smart for Their Own Good! Complexity, Capacity and Credence in Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Multilateral trade negotiations are, by design, becoming increasingly complex. The current degree of complexity limits the ability to assess the effects of a potential agreement and inhibits the transparency needed to reach an agreement. Despite the considerable recent efforts at capacity building in developing countries, the additional complexity has outstripped the ability to build capacity. This article draws upon New Institutional Economics to examine the effects of complexity on trade negotiations. The conclusion is that the rational decision of many countries may be to opt for no agreement.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Credence; Experience; Negotiations; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9082

Potential Consequences of Intra-Regional Trade in Short-Term Food Security Crises in Southeastern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Nielson,   Hunter; Govereh,   Jones; Dorosh,   Paul A.
A report prepared by Michigan State University for the World Bank under contract No. 7144132, Strengthening Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa through Trade Liberalization and Regional Integration
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Trade; Emergency; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55376

Perspective of Chinese Forest Carbon Absorption Trade Based on Low-Carbon Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Ming-gang.
The paper analyzes the basis of forest carbon trade including me feasibility of carbon absorption trade, main body, platform and standard. The purposes of capital of carbon absorption trade is introduced. Caron absorption trade capital can be used to resettle ecological migrants, absorb employment, build forest and increase fund, increase local income, enhance forest science and technology development and launch environmental proportion. The perspective of developing forest carbon absorption trade is pointed out and the practical problems of developing forest carbon trade need to be solved. For example, the properly problem of forest resources, value calculation problem of forest resources and sustainable development of forest
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Low-carbon economy; Forest carbon absorption; Trade; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117242

Trade and employment linkages in Indonesian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Oktaviani,   Rina.
Trade negotiators are concerned about the possible negative effects of trade liberalisation on employment in specific sectors. The agricultural sector has characteristics that make it different from industrial or service sectors. These are an informal labour force, low productivity, relative absence of regulations and a tie to land. These characteristics help the sector adjust to trade shocks. In this application, a global computable general equilibrium model is used to determine trade shocks that are passed to a single country general equilibrium model to analyse employment and wage effects for four skills levels in Indonesian agriculture. Employment tends to move with output in the primary agricultural sector where capital-labour substitution is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Agriculture; Trade; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F16; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100724

Toward Improved Maize Marketing and Trade Policies to Promote Household Food Security in Central and Southern Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Abdula,   Danilo Carimo; Weber,   Michael T.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Marketing; Trade; Mozambique; Household; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56065

Cattle Trade and the Risk of Importing Animal Diseases into the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Achterbosch,   Thom J.; Dopfer,   Dorte D.V.; Tabeau,   Andrzej A.
Projections of live cattle trade in the EU-25 assist to reduce the uncertainty on the risk of importing animal diseases in the Netherlands. The accession of 10 member states to the European Union has a potentially large impact on livestock trade in the EU as it liberalized in one stroke a trade that was administered by the Management Committee for Beef until May 1, 2004. The approach combines AG-Memod partial equilibrium with GTAP general equilibrium modelling in order to estimate the impact of quota liberalization. Quota removal will substantially alter the regional structure of livestock imports, as the share of new EU member states in the east triples to 25%. The risk outlook indicates a need for enhanced animal health services in the new member states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Animal disease; Trade; Projections; Quota; EU-enlargement; Risk and Uncertainty; F17; I18; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24558

Impact of efficient refuge policies for Bt cotton in India on world cotton trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singla,   Rohit; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Misra,   Sukant K.
India is a major cotton producing country in the world along with the U.S. and China. A change in the supply of and demand for cotton in the Indian market has the potential to have an impact on world cotton trade. This study evaluates the implications of efficient Bt cotton refuge policies in India on world and U.S. cotton markets. It can be hypothesized that increased refuge requirements for Bt cotton varieties in India could decrease the world supply of cotton because of the lower yield potential of non-Bt cotton varieties planted in refuges. A decrease in world cotton supply could potentially raise world cotton prices, ceteris paribus.    This study conceptualizes the impact of efficient refuges in India on world cotton markets by using a partial...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Bt Cotton; Trade; Refuge policies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61466

Shipping the good beef out: EU trade liberalization to Mercosur exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramos,   Maria Priscila; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Salvatici,   Luca.
The European Union tariff schedule includes a large number of specific and composite tariffs as well as many tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which affect the composition of imports. By altering price ratios between products with different unit values, both can generate the typical Alchian-Allen ’shipping the good apples out’ effect in foreign countries’ exports to the EU. Different patterns of trade liberalization, either through tariff reduction or an expansion in preferential-access quotas, might have different consequences for producers and consumers because of changes in the composition of trade. We illustrate the issues at stake in the beef sector, focusing on Mercosur exports to the EU. We model import demand for different qualities in the presence of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mercosur; European Union; Quality; Trade; Tariff; Tariff-rate quota; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F13; F15; F17; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7215

U.S.-Canadian Tomato Wars: An Economist Tries to Make Sense Out of Recent Antidumping Suits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: VanSickle,   John J.; Evans,   Edward A.; Emerson,   Robert D.
U.S. growers filed an antidumping case against Canadian growers of greenhouse-grown tomatoes, alleging that U.S. growers were being injured, or threatened with material injury, by imports from Canada.  The U.S. Department of Commerce determined that imports of greenhouse-grown tomatoes were being sold in U.S. markets at less than fair market value.  The U.S. International Trade Commission determined the “like product” to be all fresh market tomatoes, concluding the domestic industry was not materially injured.  Anecdotal evidence used by the Commission Department in determining like product ignores the wealth of knowledge that economics can add.  An economic model is proposed for purposes of determining like product.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Law; Tomatoes; Trade; U.S.-Canada; F13; F17; K33; Q17.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37962

THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE: THE COTTON PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations could have important implications for Southern Agriculture.  This paper explores some of the issues surrounding the WTO negotiations for cotton.  Specifically, this paper examines the impacts of the phase-out of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) on the location of textile production and cotton trade flows. Generally, it is believed that the WTO negotiations will have little direct impact on cotton, but will have indirect impacts through textile policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton; WTO; Trade; Textiles; MFA; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15804

Besoins en informations des grossistes pour une augmentation du volume des échanges en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Mali
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Guinea; Mali; Senegal; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57264

IMPACTO DEL TLCAN EN EL COMERCIO AGRÍCOLA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crawford,   Terry L.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a comprehensive trade liberalizing agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This is especially true for Agricultural trade between Mexico, and the United States. Agricultural trade barriers between Mexico and the United States were completely eliminated on January 1, 2008. The agreement facilitates cross-border investment, phytosanitary standards, cooperation regarding the environment and labor, and set up a dispute resolution procedure, and regular consultation procedures. Each of the countries entered NAFTA hoping to gain greater market access and growth in trade, as well as access to capital, technology, a favorable trade advantage and other gains. The question is, were these expectations...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agriculture; Trade; Mexico; Canada; United States; Investment.; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99463

Globalization and Poverty in Senegal: A Worst Case Scenario?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Colen,   Liesbeth; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
There is no consensus about how globalization –trade and foreign investments – affects poverty reduction. Using household survey data, this study contributes to the empirical literature on globalization and poverty by analyzing the household-level implications of increased foreign investments and trade in the horticulture sector in Senegal. In many aspects this represents what many would consider a “worst-case scenario”. Stringent rich country standards are imposed on exports and the supply chain is controlled by a single multinational company with extreme levels of supply base consolidation, full vertical integration and complete exclusion of smallholder suppliers. We analyze and quantify income and poverty effects under these “worst-case conditions” and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; FDI; Poverty; Vertical coordination; Modern supply chains; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F2; J43; O12; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51668

Economic Impacts of Foreign Animal Disease
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Hillberg,   Ann; Lee,   John G.; Mathews,   Kenneth H., Jr.
This report presents a modeling framework in which epidemiological model results are integrated with an economic model of the U.S. agricultural sector to enable estimation of the economic impacts of outbreaks of foreign-source livestock diseases. To demonstrate the model, the study assessed results of a hypothetical outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The modeling framework includes effects of the FMD episode on all major agricultural products and assesses these effects on aggregate supply, demand, and trade over 16 quarters. Model results show a potential for large trade-related losses for beef, beef cattle, hogs, and pork, though relatively few animals are destroyed. The swine and pork sectors recover shortly after assumed export restrictions end,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Animal disease; Epidemiology; Foot and mouth disease (FMD); Sector model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56453

EVOLUÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES, COMÉRCIO INTRASETORIAL E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DOS NEGÓCIOS INTERNACIONAIS DE MADEIREIRA BRASILEIRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Rachel Silva; Carvalho,   Rosemeiry Melo; Mera,   Ruben Dario Mayorga.
O Brasil é importante exportador de madeira do mundo, tendo como principais mercados de destino os Estados Unidos e a União Européia. Desse modo, nesse estudo pretende-se estimar as equações de oferta e demanda por exportação madeireira do Brasil para os Estados Unidos e a União Européia; identificar as fontes de comércio madeireiro do Brasil nos seus principais mercados de destino; e, verificar o efeito do comércio internacional madeireiro sobre a taxa de desmatamento das florestas do Brasil. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a demanda e a oferta de madeira brasileira da União Européia são inelásticas em relação ao preço. Por outro lado, no mercado norte americano a demanda é elástica, enquanto a oferta é inelástica. Adicionalmente, um...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio; Madeira; Brasil; União Européia; Estados Unidos; Trade; Wood; Brazil; European Union; United States; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108847

Does food trade save water?: the potential role of food trade in water scarcity mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
This Water Policy Briefing is based on the CA Research Report 4: Does International Cereal Trade Save Water? The Impact of Virtual Water Trade on Global Water Use (CA Research Report 4) by Charlotte de Fraiture, Ximing Cai, Upali Amarasinghe, Mark Rosegrant and David Molden; and on Investing in Water for Food, Ecosystems and Livelihoods (BLUE PAPER, Stockholm 2004, Discussion Draft) by David Molden and Charlotte de Fraiture; and on Is Virtual Water Trade a Solution for Water Scarce Countries? by Charlotte de Fraiture and David Molden, Bridges 2004. By the year 2050 there will be an additional 3 billion people to feed. Food production may need to increase by 70-90 percent from levels in 2000 to meet this global food demand. Without improvements in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food production; Trade; Water conservation; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113014

Results of a Survey of Graduate Courses in Applied Welfare Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching; Trade; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51095

A zöldség- és gyümölcstermelés, valamint –kereskedelem Katalóniában
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kozak,   Anita.
Spanyolország az EU egyik legnagyobb zöldség- és gyümölcstermelő országa, amely a nem mindig ideális környezeti és infrastrukturális adottságok, az utóbbi éveket jellemző makrogazdasági nehézségek, a kiszámíthatatlan piaci folyamatok ellenére is versenyképes. Ennek alapja a termelők és a kereskedők közötti szoros és hosszú távú együttműködés. A spanyolországi gyümölcstermelés egyik központjaként számon tartott Katalóniába tett tanulmányút tapasztalatait adjuk közre a termelők és a kereskedők szerveződéséről, a több szintű koordinációról, illetve az érdekképviseleti szervezetek működéséről. --------------------------------------------------- Spain is one of the largest fruit and vegetable producer country in the EU, which has preserved its competitive edge...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Zöldség; Gyümölcs; Termelés; Kereskedelem; Spanyolország; Vegetables; Fruit; Production; Trade; Spain; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119903

Modeling Differentiated Quality Standards in the Agri-Food Sector: The Case of Meat Trade in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rau,   Marie-Luise; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This paper looks at trade impacts of quality related standards from the supply side of the exporting country. We argue that food quality standards imposed by an importing country have profound effects on the market structure of the exporting industry, and hence a significant impact on the supply response. For our analysis, we develop a stylized oligopoly model that allows for the co-existence of complying and non-complying suppliers. The model is applied to two alternative policy options to explore different mechanisms an importing county may use to enhance the quality of its imports. We take the Polish meat sector as an empirical example, since after Poland's accession to the EU the tight EU food quality standards indeed apply but the process of adjusting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality standards; Trade; Market structure; Poland; Meat sector; Oligopoly; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17; Q18; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25739

The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dagdemir,   Ozcan; Acaroglu,   Hakan.
This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Child labor; Globalization; Trade; FDI; Developing countries.; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F14; F15; F16; J49.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95959

THE WORLD AND DOMESTIC MARKETS FOR TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Djorovic,   Milutin; Stevanovic,   Simo; Lazic,   Verica.
Original scientific paper
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Tobacco; Tobacco products; Manufacture; Market; Trade; Exports; Imports; Balance; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F19; E21.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123956

THE U.S. FOOD MARKETING SYSTEM, 2002:  COMPETITION, COORDINATION, AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS INTO THE 21ST CENTURY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   James Michael; Kaufman,   Phillip R.; Martinez,   Stephen W.; Price,   Charlene C.
This report focuses on recent trends in the food supply chain. Chapters on food manufacturing, wholesaling, grocery retailing, and food service provide a detailed overview of structure, performance, information systems, new technology, and foreign direct investments. The report also contains a comprehensive set of appendix tables containing sales, concentration, trade, productivity, and other indicators. At the time of publication, most of the data sets used in this report included data through the year 2000.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Consolidation; Concentration; Trade; Sales; Technology; Profits; Foreign direct investment; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34001

The Effects of NAFTA and U.S. Farm Policies on Illegal Immigration and Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luckstead,   Jeff; Devadoss,   Stephen; Rodriguez,   Abelardo.
We analyze the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and United States farm subsidies on U.S.-Mexican illegal immigration and agricultural trade. The theoretical analysis develops an integrated trade-migration model and shows that NAFTA and U.S. subsidies exacerbate the illegal labor flow and increase U.S. exports. The theoretical analysis is empirically implemented by simultaneous estimation and simulation analysis. The analysis shows that NAFTA increased the number of undocumented workers to U.S. agriculture and U.S. farm exports to Mexico by an average of 1573 and $6.82 billion, respectively. U.S. farm subsidy reduction decreases unauthorized entry marginally and U.S. farm exports by an average of $3.2 billion.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm policies; Illegal migration; NAFTA; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F16; F22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120457

Recensement des besoins d’information des opérateurs économiques pour une augmentation du volume des échanges entre la Guinée, le Mali, le Niger et le Sénégal
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Guinea
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Guinea; Mali; Senegal; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57263

The Effects of BioFuels Policies on Global Commodity Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fridfinnson,   Brooke; Rude,   James.
In terms of the global situation, trade is biofuels is small relative to world-wide production; however, given ambitious consumption mandates in many developed countries as well as increasing energy consumption, this will not likely remain the case in the long-run. Although biodiesel has been classified as an industrial good, ethanol is currently marketed as an agricultural product, though not specifically for fuel use. The removal of trade barriers, particularly in the developed countries, would not only ease pressure on the traditional feedstocks and lower world ethanol prices, but allow countries with a comparative advantage to capitalize on the opportunity to produce low-cost biofuel. Whether the removal of these trade barriers on biofuels would affect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Commodity; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48119

ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD OIL CROPS MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Sun,   Changyou; Koo,   Won W.
The world of oilseeds, meals, and oils has been evolving.  New issues have emerged for researchers and policymakers.  The United States is still the largest player, mainly due to its dominant position in soybeans and soybean meals.  Nevertheless, the position of the United States has been challenged by several countries.  The growth by Brazil and Argentina in the production of soybeans and soybean meal has especially eroded the market share of the United States in recent years.  Malaysia and Indonesia have been aggressively marketing their palm oil, intensifying the competition for U.S. soybean oil exports.  Other issues include changing trade policies and demand in major importing countries, trade liberalization, and genetically modified crops.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oilseeds; Soybeans; Brazil; Argentina; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23621

Russia's Transition to Major Player in World Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Liefert,   Olga; Serova,   Eugenia.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Russia; Agriculture; Trade; Grain; Meat; WTO Accession; International Development; F14; P33; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94724

Quantitative description of the fruit industry and fruit supply chains in Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lemanowicz,   M.; Krukowski,   A.
The development of consumer-driven, efficient, responsive and innovative supply chains is crucial for the growth of fruit consumption in Europe and for a competitive, sustainable fruit sector. Currently, fruit supply chains are characterized by a relatively low level of consumer orientation and consumer-driven innovations. The awareness of the functioning of supply chains in the European fruit sector should be increased to be able to increase the level of consumer-drivenness, efficiency, and responsiveness of fruit supply chains. This paper presents the results of review of fruit supply chains’ from the fruit industry in Poland. The analysis of supply chains is preceded by a review of fruit consumption, fruit production, trade characteristic and trends....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fruit production; Fruit consumption; Fruit industry; Fruit supply chains; Trade; Horticulture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58083

CHANGING CANADIAN GRAINS POLICIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONTANA'S GRAIN INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
In Canada many changes have been made, and more are pending, to their grain transportation policies. This package of policy changes has two offsetting impacts on freight rates for Canadian grain producers. The removal of transportation subsidies on grain for export offshore has roughly doubled the cost of transporting grain for the Canadian producer. In addition, the change in pooling points will increase freight rates even more for producers in the eastern part of the prairies. Whether federally owned grain hopper cars are sold to the railways, or to an association of Canadian producers, the cost of the sale is likely to be born by producers through increased freight rates over a number of years. In addition, Canadian producers will bear the cost of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Canada wheat; Montana wheat; Grain policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; F1.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29172

THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE NEXT FARM BILL DEBATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klose,   Steven L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Bill; Policy; Trade; Food; Nutrition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109479

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF TRADE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND MARKET POWER: THE CASE OF RICE EXPORTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Hyunsoo; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
This paper aims to (1) analyze the relationship between rice exports and economic growth for the world’s top four exporting countries (Thailand, Vietnam, India, and the U.S) and (2) seek to determine to what extent market power affects a country’s economic growth. The main objective of this paper is to determine to what extent economic growth impacts a country’s rice exports as well as to what extent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) impacts a country’s ability to export rice. This analysis also examines the impact of market power on economic growth. On the basis of these results, we examine the existence of market power in the international rice market with respect to rice supply, and moreover, propose that there is a bi-directional causality between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice export; CR4; GDP; FDI; Market power; Trade; Export supply function; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46081

Differing U.S. and European Perspectives on GMOs: Political, Economic and Cultural Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Bagnara,   Gian Luca; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
This paper provides an overview of the historical and cultural factors that have contributed to divergent U.S. and European views on GMOs, and to resulting different national regulatory approaches for these products, specifically labelling policy. Within the context of the international trading system, these national policy choices will have impacts that will spill over national borders. Dialogue may be difficult to achieve, given widely divergent views concerning GMOs; however, without dialogue potential global social benefits of policy harmonization will be forfeited.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Culture; Harmonization; Labelling; Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23874

An Economic Analysis of Quarantine:  The Economies of Australia's Ban on New Zealand Apple Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arthur,   Matthew.
The quarantine policy decision-making process in Australia is subject to the principles of the World Trade Organisation's SPS Agreement. It is primarily based on the risks and associated economic costs accruing to producers in the event of disease entry. The costs of a quarantine measure in terms of forgone trade benefits are not considered. The impact associated with this asymmetric approach is identified by demonstrating the gains to consumers which may arise through liberalised markets using a case study of the Australian apple industry. A partial equilibrium analysis is used to show the impacts of apple market liberalisation, which can be expected to yield gains to consumers which are greater than the economic costs to on producers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quarantine; Trade; Liberalisation; Apples; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31959

Agricultural Trade Policy Modelling: Insights from a Meta-Analysis of Doha Development Agenda Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hess,   Sebastian; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan.
In a meta-analysis of trade policy models, Hess and von Cramon-Taubadel (2008) use over 5800 simulated welfare effects from 110 studies of potential Doha Development Agenda outcomes to identify characteristics of models, data and policy experiments that influence simulation results. This meta-analysis, which is recapitulated here, produces plausible results and explains a significant proportion of the variation in simulated welfare effects. However, due to insufficient documentation and the complexity of the general and partial equilibrium models in the literature sample, many explanatory variables employed in this analysis are binary. This precludes more detailed analysis of their impacts across models. Therefore, a partial equilibrium model and a single...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Policy model; Doha; Meta-analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43466

Trade in Food Staples: Promoting Price Stability and Food Security through Intra-Regional Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Published by Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Trade; Africa; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54504

The EU Sugar Policy Regime and Implications of Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Umstaetter,   Johannes; Kelch,   David R.
The European Union’s sugar policy, in place since 1968, underwent its first major reform in 2005 in response to mounting and unsustainable imbalances in supply and demand. The reform, however, targeted only a few policy instruments (intervention price cut, voluntary production quota buyout, and restrictions on nonquota sugar exports), while leaving other key policies unchanged (interstate quota trading, sugar-substitute competition, and import barriers). Consequently, the extent of the reform’s impact is limited, compared with more far-reaching alternatives, particularly when the oligopolistic nature of the industry and its noncompetitive pricing behavior are taken into account. A model-based analysis suggests that the reforms by themselves are unlikely to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: European Union; EU; Sugar CMO; Common Market Organization; Policy reform; Trade; Economic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56457

Rice Price Stabilization in Madagascar: Price and Welfare Implications of Variable Tariffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Minten,   Bart.
Given the large share of major staples in the budgets of the poor, governments in many developing countries intervene in food markets to limit variation in the prices of staple foods. This paper examines the recent experience of Madagascar in stabilizing prices through international trade and the implications of adjustments in tariff rates. Using a partial equilibrium model, we quantify the overall costs and benefits of a change in import duties for various household groups, and compare this intervention to a policy of targeted food transfers or security stocks.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Policy; Price Stabilization; Trade; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25478

Spatial Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desmet,   Klaus; Rossi-Hansberg,   Esteban.
We present a theory of spatial development. A continuum of locations in a geographic area choose each period how much to innovate (if at all) in manufacturing and services. Locations can trade subject to transport costs and technology diffuses spatially across locations. The result is an endogenous growth theory that can shed light on the link between the evolution of economic activity over time and space. We apply the model to study the evolution of the U.S. economy in the last few decades and find that the model can generate the reduction in the employment share in manufacturing, the increase in service productivity in the second part of the 1990s, the increase in land rents in the same period, as well as several other spatial and temporal patterns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Spatial Models; Growth; Innovation; Land Rent Evolution; Structural Transformation; Technology Diffusion; Trade; Community/Rural/Urban Development; E32; O11; O18; O33; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59852

The Food Marketing System in 1996
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallo,   Anthony E.
New food product introductions fell sharply in 1996. The number of new plants, consumer advertising expenditures, and common stock prices reached new highs in 1996, as did the number of mergers in the foodservice industry. Profitability from food manufacturing and retailing was higher due to strong sales, wage and producer price stability, and streamlining of operations.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food marketing; Food processors; Wholesalers; Retailers; Foodservice; Advertising; Profitability; Trade; Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33731

Estimating price elasticities of food trade functions: How relevant is the gravity approach?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Femenia,   Fabienne; Gohin,   Alexandre.
The main objective of the paper is related to the long standing issue of the econometric estimation of price elasticity of food trade functions. We investigate the relevance of the prominent gravity approach. This approach is based on the assumptions of symmetric, monotone, homothetic, CES preferences. We test all these assumptions using European intra trade of cheese. In a general way, all assumptions made on preferences by the gravity approach are not supported by our data set. The bias induced on the estimated price elasticities is not univocal.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Trade; Generalized Maximum Entropy; Censored demand system; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7211

AN EX ANTE ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENTS IN TEXAS GRAPEFRUIT UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elmer,   Nicole A.; Thurow,   Amy Purvis; Johnson,   Jason L.; Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
The Dixit-Pindyck model was applied to examine the hypothesis that uncertainty associated with grapefruit production costs and returns is an important determinant of Texas grapefruit growers' investment behavior.  Freezes, price variability, and the effects of expanded trade were analyzed as risk factors.  An investment decision rule based on a net-present value calculation would approve a 25-year commitment to a 20-acre grapefruit grove, given a 6-percent discount rate.  The modified hurdle rate, calculated using an ex ante version of the Dixit-Pindyck model, is 24 percent.  The major source of the risk borne by Texas grapefruit investors is from freezes, rather than from expanded trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Citrus; Ex ante analysis; Dixit-Pindyck model; Freezes; Investment; Simulation; Texas; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15451

Strategic Devaluation, Trade and Political Convenience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The economies of developed countries have, since 2007, experienced the most significant and persistent period of economic malaise since the 1930s. Domestic economic policies have failed to revive sustained economic growth and, as a result, unemployment remains at levels that voters find difficult to accept. In addition, without tax revenue-enhancing growth, government deficits persist, and borrowing to finance the cumulative deficits has become increasingly difficult for some countries. With domestic policies largely exhausted, but economic growth elusive, policy makers have been considering external policies as a means to stimulate their economies. Trade protectionism and strategic devaluation are potential policies. The lessons of the 1930s regarding the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cooperative solution; Great Depression; Retaliation; Strategic devaluation; Trade; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120203

ANÁLISE DA COMPETITIVIDADE DO ARROZ BRASILEIRO: VANTAGEM COMPARATIVA REVELADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Sydenia De Miranda; Wander,   Alcido Elenor; Ferreira,   Carlos Magri.
O presente trabalho buscou analisar a competitividade internacional do arroz brasileiro, bem como a competitividade interna e externa de estados produtores individualmente. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (IVCR). Verificou-se que o Brasil como um todo não possui vantagem comparativa para exportação de arroz. Por outro lado, entre os estados produtores, o Rio Grande do Sul se mostrou competitivo internamente em todo o período considerado e, em 2005, também como exportador. Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso e Goiás apresentaram competitividade apenas internamente para alguns dos anos analisados. Mato Grosso do Sul não se mostrou competitivo em nenhum dos anos considerados.----------------------------------------------This paper’s...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exportação de arroz; Mercado de arroz; Comércio; Rice exports; Market of rice; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112748

U.S. Cotton Prices and the World Cotton Market:  Forecasting and Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isengildina-Massa,   Olga; MacDonald,   Stephen.
The purpose of this study was to analyze structural changes that took place in the cotton industry in recent years and develop a statistical model that reflects the current drivers of U.S. cotton prices.  Legislative changes authorized the U.S. Department of Agriculture to resume publishing cotton price forecasts for the first time in 79 years.  In addition, systematic problems have become apparent in the forecasting models used by USDA and elsewhere, highlighting the need for an updated review of price relationships.  This study concluded that a structural break in the U.S. cotton industry occurred in 1999, and that world cotton supply has become an important determinant of U.S. cotton prices.  China’s trade and production policy also continues to be an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forecasting; Cotton; Price; Demand; Trade; Structural change; Farm programs.; Demand and Price Analysis; Q100; Q110; Q130.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49324

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Vietnam: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Que,   Nguyen Trung.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Vietnam. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, commercial expansion of agriculture, performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, coffee, rubber, tea, cashew nut and groundnut. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Vietnam.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Trade; Agricultural products; Production; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32676

Everything is on the Table: Agriculture in the Canada-EU Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Kerr,   William A.; Mekkaoui,   Cherine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Eu; Canada; Agreement; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102304

Eude sur : identification des besoins d’information des operateurs économiques pour le développement des échanges en Afrique de l’ouest. rapport de synthèse
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. West Africa synthesis report.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; West Africa; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57267

Raw wool production and marketing in China: ACIAR project 8811
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watson,   Alistair S.
This evaluation and economic assessment is of a project funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) aimed at improving economic knowledge of the Chinese wool industry. The project was carried out jointly by Australian agricultural economists at the Universities of Queensland and Sydney and their Chinese colleagues attached to the Institute of Agricultural Economics within the Chinese Academy of the Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Rural Development within the Chinese Academy of the Social Sciences. The research has concentrated on understanding the supply side of the Chinese wool industry and links between wool production and the marketing system within China. However, the research has consequences for Chinese...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Wool; China; Production; Trade; Australia; Industry; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47193

Indian Wheat and Rice Sector Policies and the Implications of Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Maurice R.; Jha,   Shikha; Srinivasan,   P.V.
During 1998-2002, India experienced record public surpluses of wheat and rice, sharply higher government grain subsidy outlays, and declining per capita consumption of wheat and rice. By 2006, despite continued high subsidies and sluggish domestic consumption, India developed a large wheat deficit because of reduced price incentives, weak yield growth, and rising subsidized consumption. The pronounced market cycles and declining per capita consumption for India’s major food staples are creating pressure for Indian policymakers to adjust longstanding policies. While there has been no political consensus on more fundamental reform, recent policy changes have moved toward better targeting of food subsidies to low-income consumers, decentralization of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Wheat; Rice; Production; Consumption; Trade; Policy; Reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6386

The olive oil and cotton lint sectors in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clapan,   Carmen; Periklis,   Drakos; Gadanakis,   Yiorgos; Baourakis,   George.
This paper examines and analyzes the impacts of the reformed CAP as well as the decisions of the new round of negotiations for the olive oil and cotton sectors in the European Union. The aim of this study is to estimate the changes in supply (agricultural supply plus intermediate demand and final production), demand (consumption), price and stock formation (import, export, beginning and ending stocks, national price formation) for both the olive oil and cotton sectors. The model designed for this purpose is partial equilibrium and policy oriented. The objectives of this model are to estimate changes in the production and consumption of the two products concerned, to determine how the reformed Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the new round of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Olive oil; Cotton CAP; Trade; Socio economic effects; Partial equilibrium model; Dynamic; Multi market; Synthetic; Policy oriented simulation model; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10079

Toward Improved Marketing and Trade Policies to Promote Household Food Security in Central and Southern Mozambique: 2007 Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Abdula,   Danilo Carimo.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Marketing; Trade; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56068

Toward a Consumer Economy in China: Implications of Changing Wage Policies for U.S. Cotton Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacDonald,   Stephen; Pan,   Suwen; Hudson,   Darren; Tuan,   Francis C.
The effect of a Chinese minimum wage increase on China’s textile market as well as on the world cotton market is evaluated. Based on a Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS) model of China’s textile demand, the results suggest that the income elasticity for textiles is around 0.6 in China, and that apparel is less price responsive than home textiles and other textile products.  Simulation results suggest that a minimum wage increase would raise Chinese domestic textile consumption and lower Chinese textile exports. Most of the decline in textile exports by China is offset by expansion in other countries’ domestic textile production and results in a slight increase in world cotton mill utilization and higher clothing prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS); Cotton; Clothing; China; Trade; Industrial policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; R34; R21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103615

Do Sensitive Products Undermine Ambition?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
The long-running WTO negotiations remain unresolved. Agriculture is the main stumbling block. Members have agreed to linear tariff reductions within bands, but proposed exemptions for sensitive products, while providing for much needed flexibility, threaten to undermine the ambition. A detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model is used to analyse the likely impact of exemptions from the formula tariff reductions. Applying one third of the formula cuts to the five per cent of lines with the highest tariffs increases the final developed country average agricultural tariff from 16 to 24 per cent but the negative impacts on trade and welfare are less dramatic.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6044

Environmental regulation and international trade patterns for agro-industrial under a South-North Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feix,   Rodrigo Daniel; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de; Barros,   Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo.
This paper aims at examining the relation between the international trade and the environment, particularly focused on sensitive agribusiness sectors. It consists on an empirical test to the conflicting positions supported by economists, some following the traditional approach (trade-off or neoclassical), while others supporting the Porter’s hypothesis, which considers that impacts of the stricter environmental regulation can benefit the trade competitiveness. A Heckscher-Ohlin- Vanek model was applied to net exports as the dependent variable. The agricultural products analyzed were total agriculture, rice, maize, soybean, wheat, dairy and swine; run for 97 countries, divided as developing and developed, in a cross-section approach. This modeling allows...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulation; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44329

Disease Outbreaks and Agricultural Trade: The Case of Potatoes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Thibodeau,   David R.; Grant,   K. Gary; Prochazkova,   Katerina.
This study analyzed the impact of PVYn and potato wart disease outbreaks in PEI on the potato industry. These disease outbreaks resulted in the loss of the US seed export market to PEI producers. The effects of the disease outbreaks were mitigated through value-added processing. Price premiums for processed potatoes allowed PEI potato producers to abandon seed exports without incurring losses. Evidence is presented to suggest that other countries have also used this approach when export restrictions were placed on domestic agricultural industries. Policy response to the two disease outbreaks include: i) development of a zones policy that helped to reopen markets into the US; and ii) financial compensation to producers above the minimum levels required...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Disease; Trade; Potatoes; Canada; Food; Safety; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43464

Strategic Behavior and Trade in Agricultural Commodities - Competition in World Peanut Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F12; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25362

Moving Toward the Food Guide Pyramid: Implications for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   C. Edwin; Kantor,   Linda Scott.
Recent studies show that average diets differ considerably from Food Guide Pyramid recommendations. The gap between current consumption and recommendations is particularly large for caloric sweeteners, fats and oils, fruits, and certain vegetables, notably dark-green leafy and deep-yellow vegetables, and dry beans, peas, and lentils. The change in food consumption needed to meet Food Guide Pyramid serving recommendations will result in adjustments in U.S. agricultural production, trade, nonfood uses, and prices. The net adjustment in crop acreage is projected to be relatively small, about 2 percent of total cropland in 1991-95. However, this small net adjustment masks larger anticipated changes for some sectors, particularly sweeteners, fats and oils, and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food; Food consumption; Food Guide Pyramid; Crop production; Commodity prices; Trade; Dietary recommendations; 1996 Farm Act; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34071

INCREASES IN DEMAND FOR FOOD IN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WORLD AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Lou,   Jianqiang; Johnson,   Roger G.
China is experiencing rapid economic growth, resulting in increased demand for food. Estimates are made of Chinese production and consumption of rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans to the year 2005. Results indicate that China will become a large net importer especially of wheat, corn, and soybeans. China's grain shipping and handling industries will need to be expanded to handle the increased imports.   Note: Figures are not included in the machine readable copy--contact the authors for more information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Food Consumption; Grain Production; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Soybeans; China; Agriculture; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23418

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Thailand: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Itharattana,   Kajonwan.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Thailand. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions in the public sector and various economic indicators. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, rubber, cassava, shrimp, chicken, soybean products, dairy products and fertilizers. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Thailand.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Trade policies; Trade liberalization; Infrastructure; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32710

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in the Philippines: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangabat,   Minda C.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Philippines. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutional-support services and performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, soybean, cassava, potato, coconut, and livestock products. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in the Philippines.Key Words: trade policies, trade, trade liberalization, agricultural products
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32680

WORLD MALT AND MALTING BARLEY: COMPETITION, MARKETING, AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Dooley,   Frank J.
Recent trends in production marketing, trade, and policies affecting world malting barley and malt sector are examined.  A spatial equilibrium model of production and trade is used to assess the effects of alternative levels of supply, demand, and policy variables on composition and direction of malting barley and malt trade flows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malting barley; Malt; Beer; Trade; Spatial equilibrium; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23444

THE TRADE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEBATE: RELEVANT FOR SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Ballenger,   Nicole.
This paper introduces and briefly discusses the economics of two important trade and environment policy issues--international harmonization of environmental standards and the use trade measures for environmental purposes.  Both issues are likely to generate lively international debate among environmentalists, industry representatives, and trade negotiators over the next few years.  As the international community seeks new multilateral rules in these areas, agricultural producers will want to know how they will be affected.  Thus, this paper also examines the potential impacts of environmental policy on the competitiveness of commodities unique to the Southern region of the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; Agriculture; Southern region; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15428

PRIORITIZATION OF SANITARY RESTRICATIONS FACING U.S. EXPORTS OF BOVINE, PORCINE, AND OVINE FOR DETERMINATION OF SURVEILLANCE NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Seitzinger,   Ann Hillberg; Lee,   John G.; Haley,   Mildred M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/04/10.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sanitary restrictions; Exports; Trade; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94031

Does Arbitraging Matter? Spatial Trade and Discriminatory Trade Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni; McCalla,   Alex F.
When modeling discriminatory trade policies -- such as targeted embargoes, selective quotas, targeted export or import subsidies, or preferential trading agreements -- failure to explicitly include assumptions about arbitraging behavior may yield to misleading results. Quadratic programming (QP), Non Linear Programming (NLP), and Vector Sandwich (VS) models implicitly set the rules regarding the possibility of simultaneous exporting and importing. The result is that many analysis using these models may lead to poor results because the models contain implicit limits on arbitraging which may be at variance with the actual policies and/or country behavior. The paper introduces an alternative spatial model. Its main features are that countries are allowed to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Spatial models; Arbitraging; Discriminatory trade policy; Embargo; Preferential tariff; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51254

EU Policy-Making: Reform of the CAP and EU Trade in Beef &amp; Dairy with Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halderman,   Michael; Nelson,   Michael Byron.
The present study is part of the PPLPI effort to identify significant political and institutional factors and processes that currently hinder or prevent the poor in developing countries from taking greater advantage of opportunities to benefit from livestock. The study examines the political economy of policy-making concerning trade in livestock and livestock products (LLPs) between the European Union (EU) and developing countries (DCs).   The main objective is to determine and assess how relevant EU policy is made, including the role of key actors and forces both domestic and international. The political economy of relevant LLP trade-related issues are examined at four levels: (a) the EU member state, (b) the European Union itself, (c) the international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); Policy Making; Trade; Developing Countries; Livestock; Beef; Dairy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23758

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akhtar,   Muhammad Ramzan.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Pakistan. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions in the public sector and various economic indicators. It discusses such commodities as rice, wheat, fruits and vegetables, edible oil, coffee, tea and milk. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Pakistan.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32699

Gender Discrimination and the International Division of Labour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Spielmann,   Christian.
The paper empirically explores the international economic effects of gender discrimination, namely the linkages of gender inequality with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses different forms and the extent of gender discrimination across countries and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results indicate that gender inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of gender bias is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with gender inequality. These results even hold for relatively poor developing countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender Discrimination; Trade; Comparative Advantage; FDI; Labor and Human Capital; F23; J71; J82; F11.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26151

Accommodating Imperfect Competition in A Model of World Peanut Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19460

From Uruguay to Doha: Agricultural Trade Negotiations at the World Trade Organization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beierle,   Thomas C.
This paper examines current agricultural trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization, with particular attention to the relationship between liberalization and developing countries' economic growth and food security. Agriculture remains one of the most highly protected arenas of international trade. The cost of such protection falls particularly hard on developing countries, where agriculture typically accounts for a much higher share of economic output, exports, and employment than in developed countries. Although the 1994 Uruguay Round of trade talks succeeded in bringing agriculture into the rules-based trading system, it did little to actually reduce agricultural trade protection. This paper describes how three important actors in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Agriculture; World Trade Organization (WTO); General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); International Relations/Trade; F130.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10491

The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time Series Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Cho,   Yongsung; Koo,   Won W.
The dynamic relationships among trade, income and the environment for developed and developing countries are examined using a cointegration analysis. Results suggest that trade and income growth tend to increase environmental quality in developed countries, whereas they have detrimental effects on environmental quality in most developing countries. It is also found that for developed countries, the causal relationship appears to run from trade and income to the environment ─ a change in trade and income growth causes a consequent change in environmental quality, and the opposite relationship holds for developing countries.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Developed countries; Developing countries; Environmental quality; Globalization; Time-series analysis; Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37342

An Empirical Investigation into the Determinants of Trade Policy Bias
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hink,   Matthew J.; Cardwell,   Ryan T.; Lawley,   Chad.
There exists an extensive literature that attempts to identify important factors that determine trade policies. An understanding of these important factors could be useful when negotiating trade agreements, especially in agriculture, which is a relatively heavily supported industry. Limao and Panagariya (L&amp;P, 2007) modify Grossman and Helpman’s (G&amp;H, 1994) lobbying model in an attempt to understand why anti-trade bias (as opposed to pro-trade bias, which is predicted by the G&amp;H (1994) model) is the predominant pattern in observed trade policy. L&amp;P (2007) propose that governments seek to reduce inequality between sectors by modifying trade policies in a way that reallocates gross revenue from the larger to the smaller sector. We use measures...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Policy; Bias; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122739

25 Years of Food Policy Research: Reflections by Per Pinstrup-Anderson
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per.
On the occasion of IFPRI's 25th anniversary, the author has selected a few subjects where the Institute has made an important and recognized contribution to food policy research, either by itself or, more frequently, with others. In each case the topic has broad application and the research includes innovative conclusions or methodology. This has necessarily meant looking more to the past than the present, although in many cases the work is continuing and promises a good deal more, in addition to what has already been achieved. He addresses IFPRI's accomplishments and the influence it has had on the development community’s views on policy issues and the nature of development in general. These areas are discussed: Global Food Trends, Food Subsidies, Markets...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: International Food Policy Research Institute -- History; Environmental policies; Globalization Food security; Subsidies; Trade; Food policies; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42888

Etude sur les besoins en information des operateurs (importateurs/exportateurs) et des moyens de dissémination. Senegal.
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Senegal
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Senegal; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57266

Mexico Grapefruit Production, Utilization, and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guci,   Ledia.
This report provides production, utilization and trade data regarding Mexico’s grapefruit industry and an in-depth look into the Mexico’s share growth for both fresh and processed products.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mexico; Grapefruit; Production; Trade; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36838

User's Manual for the SADCC Cereals Trade Database Compiled by the University of Zimbabwe and Michigan State University
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingsbury,   David S.
Two databases were constructed on trade of three staple grains (maize, wheat, and rice)  for 1970-1985. The first database includes information on trade quantities by destination and  source country. The second database covers estimates of total annual imports by country from six  different data sources. The paper also identifies data sources, discusses problems constructing  trade databases as well as problems specific to Southern Africa trade data.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Trade; Maize; Wheat; Rice; International Relations/Trade; Downloads December 2008-June 2009: 5; F14.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54736

Effect of a Differentially Applied Environmental Regulation on Agricultural Trade Patterns and Production Location: The Case of Methyl Bromide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Malcolm,   Scott A.; Zilberman,   David.
It has been hypothesized that differentially applied environmental regulations create pollution havens, as firms will choose to invest in countries with lax environmental standards. Using a theoretical model of pest control adoption and an empirical spatial equilibrium model, we examine one such environmental regulation, a U.S. ban on methyl bromide, to determine if an agricultural pollution haven will be created in Mexico. Alterations in agricultural production location, trade patterns, and methyl bromide use are determined. We find that, under the assumptions held, Mexico will not dramatically increase its use of methyl bromide following the ban. Sensitivity analysis to this result is conducted.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulations; Methyl bromide; Production location; Spatial equilibrium model; Pesticide adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10202

WORLD IMPORTANCE AND PRESENT TENDENCIES OF DAIRY SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blasko,   Beata.
The general objective of this paper is to present the world importance of dairy sector and to illustrate present tendency of milk production, consumption, trade and prices mainly based on FAO data base. World milk production was 711 million tonnes in 2010 and it is expected to increase in the future. The most significant milk producers are the EU(27), the United States and from the Asian countries, India and China. Developed countries give one-third of world milk production, while more than two-third of world dairy herd can be found in developing countries. Milk production growth is a future tendency mainly in China, India, Pakistan, Argentina and Brazil. The average level of consumption of milk and milk products is 103,6 kg/capita/year and it will...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy sector; Production; Consumption; Trade; Price; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104683

The Economic Situation of Individual (Family) Farms in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burger,   Anna; Szep,   Katalin.
Combined elaboration of the first and second parts of papers prepared for presentation at the IAMO FORUM 2007 Halle, Germany 24-29 June 2007 and the IAAE-EAAE 104th seminar Budapest, Hungary 6-8 September 2007.   In 2003 a research study looked at the position of smallholders; the survey was carried out using questionnaires and interviews. The farms included in the survey were situated in 3 counties in the Southern Great Plain of Hungary and in 3 counties of the western part of the country (Transdanubia). The results of the survey showed that there was a firm tendency of concentration among the Hungarian individual farms. Though their average size is about 3 ha, the number and area of farms over 50 ha size are rapidly growing and taking a significant part...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Family farms; Land tenure; Land use; Trade; Finances; Profitability; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9512

CHINA AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: EFFECTS ON U.S. SOY EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Wenyan; Van der Sluis,   Evert.
Results of a nonlinear multi-commodity and multi-country spatial equilibrium model indicate that Chinese imports of whole soybeans, and to a less extent, processed soybeans will increase due to China's potential membership in the World Trade Organization. Further, U.S., Brazilian, and Argentine exports of all soy products will increase, and U.S. soy oil and Argentine soybeans will increase disproportionately.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soybeans; Soy meal; Soy oil; Trade; China; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21633

The adoption of the Eurepgap Standard by Mango Exporters in Piura, Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kleinwechter,   Ulrich; Grethe,   Harald.
The significance of standards in international agricultural trade is continuously rising. Due to their complexity, especially private industry standards are often expected to have a negative impact on agricultural export sectors in developing countries. The successful adoption of standards by a broad number of producers can be seen as a condition to limit negative socioeconomic consequences. This case study for the mango export sector in Piura, Peru, analyzes the adoption of the Eurepgap standard, based on a theoretical framework of a compliance process of three stages (information stage, decision stage, implementation stage). The empirical part is based on interviews with farmers. A comparison between certified producers and a control group identifies the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Standards; Costs of compliance; Eurepgap; Developing countries; International; Trade; Mango; Peru; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25521

Patriotic Consumers and the Political Economics of Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eriksson,   Clas; Fahlbeck,   Erik.
It is well documented that consumers tend to be patriotic in their choices of food. This paper theoretically examines the consequences of such patriotic behavior for agricultural policy, assuming that the policy is decided by the median voter. The analysis is conducted in the framework of a small open economy, with a ricardian production structure. Consumers differ with respect to how much extra they are prepared to pay for a domestically produced agricultural good. The indirect utility functions are used to find the specific values of tariffs and agricultural subsidies that the various households prefer. For the tariff we find that only the group that buys the domestically produced agricultural good will favor a strictly positive tariff. This tariff is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Policy; European perspective; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24681

On the Growth Performance of Sub-Saharan African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias.
The article discusses some of the most important reasons for the poor growth performance of most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. While high protection levels in high-income countries in Europe and North America for agricultural trade have been cited as a major impediment for the development of African countries, they are unlikely to play a major role. Rather, a lack of integration into world markets and the relatively poor quality of African institutions are more likely to explain the low growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Growth; Institutions; Sub-Saharan Africa; Trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; N17; O43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93797

A Primer on US Sugar in the 2007 US Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.
This background paper is devoted to US sugar policy. A first section describes the features and economics of the US sugar program; a second section is devoted to the welfare and trade effects of the US sugar program; and a final section reports on potential emerging reforms, their expected effects, and implications. Beyond well-established findings on the social cost and inefficiency of the US sugar program, the main findings of this paper are as follows. The current sugar program is becoming unsustainable because sugar imports are progressively creeping into the US market through regional trade agreements, eventually inducing large sugar inventories, or contracting domestic production to unpalatable low levels in order to maintain high internal prices....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dispute; HFCS; NAFTA; Sugar; Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; TRQ; US farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9374

Duty-free and quota-free market access for LDCs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
Developed countries have agreed to provide duty free and quota free access to imports from LDCs covered by 97 per cent of tariff lines. However, LDCs would like to extend the agreement to 100 per cent coverage, since 3 per cent of tariff lines can cover a substantial proportion of LDC exports. Products of major interest include textiles and clothing and agricultural goods such as rice, oilseeds, sugar and bananas. The potential trade and welfare impacts of expanding the coverage are analysed using a general equilibrium model. Estimates indicate LDCs stand to gain $7.5 billion in additional exports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO negotiations; Trade; Agricultural tariffs.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47646

Trade and Intellectual Property Rights in the Agricultural Seed Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eaton,   Derek J.F.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) has continued to be fiercely debated between North and South, particularly with respect to its provisions for the agricultural sector. Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement requires WTO member countries to offer some form of intellectual property protection for new plant varieties, either in the form of patents (common in the U.S.) or plant breeder’s rights (PBR). This paper analyses the effects of the introduction of PBRs in almost 70 importing countries on the value of exports of agricultural seeds and planting material from 10 exporting EU countries, including all principal traditional exporters of seeds, as well as the US. A fixed effects quantile regression model, based on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Trade; Agriculture; Plant breeding; Quantile regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Q16; Q17; F13; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51782

U.S. Cotton Prices and the World Cotton Market; Forecasting and Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isengildina-Massa,   Olga; MacDonald,   Stephen.
This report analyzes recent structural changes in the world cotton industry and develops a statistical model that reflects current drivers of U.S. cotton prices. Legislative changes in 2008 authorized USDA to resume publishing cotton price forecasts for the first time in nearly 80 years. Systematic problems have become apparent in the forecasting models used by USDA and elsewhere, highlighting the need for an updated review of price relationships. A structural break in the U.S. cotton industry occurred in 1999, and world cotton supply has become an important determinant of U.S. cotton prices, along with China’s trade and production policy. The model developed here forecasts changes in the U.S. upland cotton farm price based on changes in U.S. cotton...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Forecasting; Cotton; Price; Demand; Trade; Structural change; Farm programs.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55950

Regulatory Approval Decisions in the Presence of Market Externalities: The Case of Genetically Modified Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Furtan,   William Hartley; Gray,   Richard S.; Holzman,   J.J.
This study examines the optimal approval strategy for genetically modified (GM) wheat varieties in Canada and the United States. Without an affordable segregation system, the introduction of GM wheat will create a market for "lemons" that will result in the loss of important export markets. Using a differentiated product trade model for spring wheat, with endogenous technology pricing, a payoff matrix is generated for the possible approval outcomes. Results show that the existence of the market externality removes the first-mover advantage for wheat producers from the approval of the new GM wheat variety. There are large distributional effects; wheat producers lose economic surplus, while consumers and the biotech company gain economic surplus. With a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Market externalities; Non cooperative games; Strategic approval decisions; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30778

Expected Changes in China's Grain and Oilseed Industries and Implications for the U.S. and World Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
A spatial optimization model was developed to analyze the impacts of structural changes in China’s consumption of wheat, corn, rice, and soybeans on its agricultural sector and world agricultural trade. The model included 16 exporting and importing countries and regions. China was divided into 31 provinces and the United States into 24 producing regions and 10 consuming regions. The model optimizes agricultural production and distribution systems to meet the predicted demand for grains and oilseeds in 2020 under several assumptions associated with technical progress in producing the grains and oilseeds in China, the United States, and other countries.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Spatial optimization; China; Demand; Supply; Trade; Agricultural commodities; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51991

Post-Moratorium EU Regulation of Generically Modified Products: Trade Concerns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Yeung,   May T.; Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: EU; GMO; Trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116853

Results of a Survey of Graduate Courses in Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching; Agricultural; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51094

Tariffs and steel: US safeguard actions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenville,   Jared W.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
A multiproduct spatial equilibrium model of world steel trade is presented in this paper. The model is used to analyse the impacts of the safeguard trade barriers brought about by the USA in order to protect their domestic industry from the so-called unfair competition. Emphasis is placed on the likely effect on the Australian industry and possible policy responses available to the industry. A case study is made of Australia’s three largest export products; namely, slab, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel, which share some substitutability in supply and demand because of the nature of the industry. As a result of the safeguard barriers to steel trade, world steel prices fell and trade shifted away from the USA to other importing regions.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Spatial equilibrium model; Steel; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118505

Impacts of Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Livestock Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hyun Seok; Koo,   Won W.
The policies that regulate greenhouse gas emissions would provide a significant burden to emission industries as well as final consumers, which can lead to a strong influence on international trade flows of commodities. This study examines the impact of regulating greenhouse gas emissions on livestock trade flows using a commodity specific gravity model approach. This study finds that regulating greenhouse gas emissions has a negative effect on livestock trade flows from countries restricting greenhouse gas emissions to unrestricting countries, from restricting to restricting countries, and from unrestricting to restricting countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Livestock; Regulating greenhouse gas emission; Trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61861

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in China: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Chen,   Chunlai.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in China. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions and performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, soybean, peanuts, frozen pork, canned food, raw silk, wheat, vegetable oils, sugar and raw wool. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in China.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32722

The Effect of CAFTA-DR and CBI on Ethanol Production and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gregorowicz,   Philip; Ligeon,   Carel; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Belize City, Belize 23rd - 27th July, 2007
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAFTA-DR; CBI; Ethanol Production; Trade; Caribbean; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122886

High Food Prices and Developing Countries: Policy Responses at Home and Abroad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Ryan T.; Barichello,   Richard R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food aid; Trade; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54970

Green Trade Agreements: Comparison of Canada, US and WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Paper presented at the CAES/NAREA meeting, Quebec City, June 29 - July 1, 2008.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Free trade agreements; Environment; World Trade Organization; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37329

Tomato Wars: A Discussion of How International Trade, Structural Changes, and Competitiveness Affect the North American Produce Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Estes,   Edmund A.
The demand for a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, including fresh market tomatoes, has increased significantly over the past decade because of greater convenience in use, improved selection, and rising health and diet concerns.  As U.S. demand for tomatoes and other horticultural crops strengthens, inexperienced domestic and international suppliers believe they can compete effectively within U.S. markets.  Free trade agreements have reduced monetary barriers to trade, but remaining impediments, such as institutional and competitive market constraints, represent significant challenges for southern U.S. growers.  This paper discusses points addressed by VanSickle, Eastwood, and Woods concerning trade and horticultural market development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fruits; Marketing; NAFTA; Trade; Vegetables; F1; L1; L2; Q17; R3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43207

Food Aid, External Trade and Domestic Markets: Implications for Food Security in Darfur
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Subran,   Ludovic.
In the last decade, internal conflict has greatly hindered market transactions across regions of Sudan, especially transactions between Darfur and the Rest of Sudan. Food aid has helped to offset not only the absence of commercial inflows of grain, but also reductions in Darfur’s cereal production. This paper explores the determinants of cereal prices in Sudan utilizing a simple partial equilibrium framework for wheat and sorghum, the country’s two main food staples. We also present econometric evidence on the lack of integration of sorghum markets between Darfur and central Sudan, along with quantitative estimates of the impacts of food aid on market prices in the region. The paper concludes with a discussion of national food policy and the paradox of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51453

Agricultural Import Demand in Low-Income, Middle-Income, and Centrally Planned Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
This report provides summaries of the papers and discussions at the third Consortium on Trade Research held in Washington, D.C., June 23-24, 1981. The cochairmen of the consortium were T. Kelley White, Economic Research Service (ERS), George E. Rossmiller, Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), and Vernon Sorenson, Michigan State University. The Consortium focused on world demand for agricultural imports and the policies and conditions in low-income, middle-income, and centrally planned countries that influence import demand. An overview paper by Dewain Rahe and Cheryl Christensen assessed future global prospects for agricultural trade. Peter Timmer's paper investigated conceptual and empirical problems in analyzing import demand. Three of the papers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Import demand; Projections; State trading; Food reserves; Stockholding; Bilateral agreements; Low-income countries; Middle-income countries; Centrally planned countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51268

Do Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Stimulate Agricultural Growth in East Asia? Panel Cointegration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sattapon,   Weerapong.
The agricultural sector is an important sector that most people in East Asia rely on and growth in this sector may help to lift their standard of living. This study assessed what factors contributed to agricultural growth by applying the panel econometric approach. First, the long-run relationship between the agriculture growth and its explanatory variable was investigated by applying the IPS unit root test and Pedroni panel cointegration test. The results indicated that all variables showed an integration of order unity, and showed strong evidence to support the existence of long-run relationship. The results from Fixed Effect (FE) regression indicated that imports, exports and trade liberalization were the important factors that contributed to growth in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; East Asia; Foreign Direct Investment; Trade; Panel Data; International Relations/Trade; O4; Q17; R0.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25570

PROCESSED FOOD TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT UNDER NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
Trade in processed food products is rapidly growing.  Trade with Canada and Mexico has especially been growing since free trade agreements have been implemented.  The U.S. presence in the processed food industry in other countries through foreign direct investment (FDI) is also large and has been expanding.  The relationship between trade and FDI is uncertain and subject to much debate.  Japan and Canada are the largest importers of processed foods from the United States, followed by Mexico and Korea.  Canada is the leading exporter of food products to the United States, followed by France, Mexico, and Italy.  Canada and Mexico have, in recent years, become increasingly important trading partners in processed foods.  Results from this study do not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Processed foods; Foreign direct investment; Canada; Mexico; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23566

CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Economic reform in the transition economies of the former Soviet bloc has transformed the volume and mix of these economies' agricultural production, consumption, and trade. Output drops in most countries have ranged from 25 to 50 percent. The livestock sector has been hit particularly hard, all but eliminating U.S. grain exports to the region. This report concludes that the output decline has been an inevitable part of market reform and that the main goal of agricultural policy in the transition economies should not be to return output to pre-reform levels but to increase the productivity of input use. Although reform has created a food security problem in some countries, the cause of the problem is not insufficient food supplies, but rather inadequate...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Russia; Ukraine; Former Soviet Union; Central and Eastern European countries; Transition economies; Agricultural production; Livestock sector; Food consumption; Trade; Policy reform; Productivity; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33945

Analysing major determinants of European FDI into the Mediterranean countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weissleder,   Lucie M.; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is known as a very relevant driver of economic growth and has found increased attention in recent trade research. Existing theories differ, however, in their conclusion regarding the relation between trade in goods and FDI: they appear to be either complements or substitutes depending on the theory applied and specific country conditions. Benefits or losses for individual member countries resulting from these different relationships are relevant for evaluating the effects of regional trade areas as established by the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. This paper offers an empirical analysis of the connection between trade and FDI flows in the agribusiness sector in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership. It...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Trade; EU-Med Partnership; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44053

Welfare economics of conventional vs. alternative agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schamel,   Guenter.
We develop a agricultural model assuming that conventional production is causing environmental externalities while more benign alternative production methods generate non-market amenity benefits and obtain a price premium in the marketplace. We analyze policies targeting external benefits and costs to capture interaction effects: polluting input taxes reduce the returns and subsidies needed to induce more benign production. Thus, it is only optimal to subsidize if the additional marginal amenity benefit exceeds the marginal external cost reductions due to the input tax. Terms of trade effects imply that large (land abundant) exporters have strategic incentives to overvalue external costs while large (land scarce) importers have strategic incentives to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Trade; Welfare economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98077

Trade, Standards and Poverty. Evidence from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using company and household survey data from the vegetable export chain in Senegal. We find that exports have grown sharply despite increasing standards, resulting in important income gains and poverty reduction. Our estimates indicate that poverty is 14 % points lower due to vegetable exports. Tightening food standards induced a shift from smallholder contract-based farming to large-scale integrated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Poverty; Standards; Vertical coordination; Contract farming; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I3; Q12; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7924

Assessment of Alternative Maize Trade and Market Policy Interventions in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Govereh,   Jones; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chapoto,   Antony.
The economic reforms in maize marketing and trade policies implemented during the 1990s have been highly controversial, and there remains a lack of solid empirical investigation on the impacts of these reforms on national food security, price stability and rural income growth. This study aims to provide a detailed evidence-based analysis of the impacts of maize marketing and trade policies on smallholder agricultural production growth, access to food by consumers, and other important national policy objectives. These insights from Zambia can hopefully move forward the continuing debate in the region on how maize marketing and trade policies should be structured in the future.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Maize; Trade; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54492

Nothing to Declare: Duty-free access to imports from LDCs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
Developed countries have agreed to provide duty free and quota free access to imports from LDCs covered by 97 per cent of tariff lines. However, LDCs would like to extend the agreement to 100 per cent coverage, since 3 per cent of tariff lines can cover a substantial proportion of LDC exports. Products of major interest include textiles and clothing and agricultural goods such as rice, oilseeds, sugar and bananas. The potential trade and welfare impacts of expanding the coverage are analysed using a global general equilibrium model. Updated estimates indicate LDCs stand to gain $4.2 billion in additional exports, the bulk of which accrues to Bangladesh, Cambodia and West Africa. A further $1.8 billion increase in exports could be obtained if LDCs had duty...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO negotiations; Trade; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124469

Effects of Increased Biofuels on the U.S. Economy in 2022
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Achieving greater energy security by reducing dependence on foreign petroleum is a goal of U.S. energy policy. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) calls for a Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS-2), which mandates that the United States increase the volume of biofuel that is blended into transportation fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Long-term technological advances are needed to meet this mandate. This report examines how meeting the RFS-2 would affect various key components of the U.S. economy. If biofuel production advances with cost-reducing technology and petroleum prices continue to rise as projected, the RFS-2 could provide economywide benefits. However, the actual level of benefits (or costs) to the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy; Economywide; Ethanol; Petroleum; Trade; Macroeconomic factors; RFS-2; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96758

Biotechnology: Can We Trade It?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bredahl,   Maury E.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
The question in the title is divided into: (1) Can we trade the current generation of products from biotech or the technology itself? and (2) Can we trade the future generations of products of the technology? Controversy over the first generation of products has resulted in international trade being segmented into two markets: GMO-free and GMO. The first market is supported by voluntary labelling, making mandatory labelling largely unnecessary. While trade flows have been rearranged, markets have been little affected. We conclude that trade in the future generation will be dominated by capital and technology flows, with production for local markets dominating product trade flows.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: GMO; Institutions; Investment; Labelling; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23860

Fiscal and trade distorting effects of capital gains tax on land sales - empirical evidence from agricultural land market in Finland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pietola,   Kyosti; Myyra,   Sami; Pouta,   Eija.
Capital gains taxes
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capital gains; Taxes; Land; Trade; Fiscal effects; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50040

Integrating Invasive Species Prevention and Control Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Osteen,   Craig D.
Programs and policies to minimize the threat of, or mitigate the damages from, invasive species work best if designed in concert with each other. Whether program emphasis should be on prevention or control depends on the biological characteristics and size of the invasive species population, ecological characteristics of invaded ecosystems, the cost and efficacy of prevention measures relative to control measures, and the level of prevention costs borne abroad. Because all of these factors are highly variable, data needs are constant if intervention is to be both effective and economical.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Invasive species; Management programs; Pests; Plant diseases; Foreign pests; Trade; Production; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58991

Changes in the Hungarian dairy industry after EU accession
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konig,   Gabor; Major,   Anita.
Since EU accession the Hungarian dairy industry’s domestic market has generally expanded as turnover and consumption have both grown, but this has been increasingly due to cheap imports, while the purchase and sale of domestic products has been decreasing or stagnating (both in the domestic and foreign markets). The growth in imports has cut Hungarian corporations domestic market share to 80%. In Hungary corporate concentration has become even more pronounced with large corporations further strengthening their position and smaller ones further shrinking. Moreover, foreign ownership prevails and has the primary aim of meeting domestic demand. Changes in ownership contribute to the strengthening of vertical integration. Still, in the EU corporate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy industry; Milk; Hungary; EU; Agriculture; Trade; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107654

Exploring Linkages Among Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Issues for the Next Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Ballenger,   Nicole; Dunmore,   John C.; Gray,   Denice.
Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies affect agricultural trade?; (2) how will agricultural trade liberalization affect environmental quality?; (3) to what extent should there be international harmonization of environmental policies and product standards?; and (4) is there economic justification for using trade measures to protect the environment? This report demonstrates that basic economic paradigms can provide a basis for understanding how trade and the environment interact. The few empirical studies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Trade; Environment; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33961

The Fate of Horticulture in the East Central European (ECE) Transition Countries: A Case Study of Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burger,   Anna.
Paper presented at the 28th International Horticultural Congress, August 22-27, 2010, Lisboa, Spain
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hungary; Fruits; Vegetables; Production; Processing; Trade; Cooperation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107617

The Effects of Trade Liberalization of the Environment: An Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarney,   Geoffrey R.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
We seek to contribute to the emerging economic theory on trade, the environment and development. Using panel data across countries, econometric models are estimated to predict the effects of openness on organic water pollutant (BOD) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Results indicate that freer trade significantly increases emissions of both pollutants, thus reducing environmental quality. Moreover, the panel nature of the data allows heterogeneity across countries to be controlled, so that comparisons can be made of how different national characteristics influence the environmental impact of freer trade. By testing the effects of democratic versus autocratic governance, it is found that while greater democracy can induce significant reductions in BOD...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; Growth; Pollution; Governance; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C23; Q53; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25297

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING FOR THE GERMAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmidt,   Thomas G.; Osterburg,   Bernhard.
How can we estimate the negative externalities of agriculture at the national level, and attribute these to specific production activities and outputs? The paper presents a method that calculates the mass flow in the whole agricultural sector including inputs from other sectors, and that allows to analyse resource use and emissions, e.g. of greenhouse gases. Data inputs are the German economic accounts for agriculture, farm structural survey and market statistics, as well as environmental statistics. In the framework of the German agricultural sector model RAUMIS, material flows within the agricultural sector are described, as well as inputs from other German sectors and imports. Through a processanalytical approach, all information is integrated and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: SEEA; Input-Output Analysis; Agriculture; Resource use; Trade; Emissions; Carbon footprint; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91268

Spatial Equilibrium in the Bio-Fuel Economy: A Multi-Market Analysis of Trade Distortions in the U.S. and Brazilian Ethanol Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bowser,   William; Khanna,   Madhu; Onal,   Hayri.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/04/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bio-fuels; Trade; Land use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61636

ALBERTA AND THE EU-27: PAST TRADE RELATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emter,   Nicholas A.; Mirus,   Rolf.
Canada and the EU-27 are negotiating a comprehensive economic partnership agreement against the backdrop of the stalled multilateral negotiations under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The new agreement is expected to stimulate trade, investment, and technology transfer between the two partners. This report provides a review of the last 15 years of Alberta’s experience in exporting goods to the EU-27, with the goal of gaining insights into how freer trade could affect future exports to the region. First, we summarize the state of bilateral economic relations between the prospective partners, relying in part on a study jointly sponsored by the EU and the Government of Canada. The second part focuses on the exports to the EU from Alberta...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canada; EU; International trade; Trade; Imports; Exports; Commercial services exports; Merchandise exports; Commercial services imports; Merchandise imports; Manufactured goods; Commodities; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60403

AN EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE IMPORT DEMAND MODEL AND WELFARE EFFECTS: THE CASE OF RICE IMPORTING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Hyunsoo; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
This analysis presents the determination of an import demand function for the world rice market using annual data from 1994 to 2007. In the specification and analysis of a world rice market import demand function, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Instrumental Variables (IV) with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) methods have been used. Social welfare effects have been obtained using consumer surplus and compensated variation for the top four rice importing countries (Indonesia, Philippines, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia). Empirical results suggest that economic growth, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and importing countries’ population positively affect national income, thus, positively affecting rice consumption. Oil...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice export and import; Consumer surplus; Trade; Import demand function; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46082

R&amp;D SPILLOVERS IN AGRICULTURE: RESULTS FROM A TRADE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
The objective of this study is to analyze technical change and the role of research and development (R&amp;D) spillovers in this process for the U.S. agricultural sector. This study is composed of both a theoretical and an empirical analysis. In the theoretical analysis, a quality innovation model is used in which the R&amp;D sector is the source of technological progress and is composed of a public and a private sector. The public R&amp;D sector can serve either as a substitute to the private R&amp;D sector or as a complement to it. Free trade is included in the next step of the analysis as a mechanism through which R&amp;D spillovers are realized, along with increased market size for domestic R&amp;D firms and increased competition from foreign R&amp;D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity; R&amp;D spillovers; Technical change; Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18592

NONPECUNIARY BENEFITS TO FARMING AND DECOUPLED PAYMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Roberts,   Michael J.
The first part of this paper presents a simple labor supply and production model wherein farmers with diminishing marginal utility of income derive nonpecuniary benefits from farming.  We use the model to show how lump-sum or “decoupled” government payments could have positive and substantial effects on the supply of agricultural products.  The result is simple and intuitive:  payments allow those who enjoy farming to continue farming while maintaining a reasonably high living standard.  Without payments, a lower living standard leads to higher marginal utility of income, making higher off-farm wages more desirable than lower on-farm wages plus non-pecuniary benefits from farming.  Farmers respond to a reduction in payments by shifting their labor off-farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Government payments; Nonpecuniary benefits; Labor supply; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9831

Gender Inequality and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Spielmann,   Christian.
The paper empirically explores the international linkages between gender inequality and trade flows of a sample of 92 developed and developing countries. The focus is on comparative advantage in labour-intensive manufactured goods. The results indicate that gender wage inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, that is, countries with a larger gender wage gap have higher exports of these goods. Also, gender inequality in labour force activity rates and educational attainment rates are negatively linked with comparative advantage in labour-intensive commodities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender Inequality; Trade; Comparative Advantage; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F11; F16; J70; J80.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26218

Prospects of Feed Crops in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yahya,   Tunku Mahmud Bin Tunku; Sukir,   Sarmin Bin.
The study was initiated with the objectives of elucidating and analyzing potentials, weaknesses, opportunities, constraints and policy options in the development of feed crop farming with an emphasis on secondary crops in Southeast Asian developing countries. In Malaysia, feed crops currently not much to employment, income generation, import substitution and export promotion because the sub-sector is small. The scope of the study is limited to the dominant non-ruminant sector of the livestock industry. This sector, particularly poultry and swine, has not only experienced rapid growth but also produces more than is required for domestic consumption and thus exports to neighbouring countries.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food crops; Supply balance; Trade; Livestock; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32671

The Latest Wave of Regionalism: Does Outsider Status Affect the Competitiveness of U.S. and Canadian Agricultural Exports?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.
The degree to which countries are pursuing regional trade agreements (RTAs) has been nothing short of extraordinary. The latest wave of regional integration, however, is “breeding concern” among academics and policymakers as to the extra‐regional effects of these agreements and their impact on North American agricultural exporters who are party to relatively few RTAs in world trade. This study constructs and uses an updated database of agricultural trade flows from 1992‐2008 to shed light on the degree to which outsiders status affects U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports and its competing suppliers. Regarding outsider status, the existing dummy‐variable approach is modified by incorporating region‐specific extra‐bloc trade flow variables to examine the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regionalism; WTO; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90888

Staple Food Trade in the COMESA Region: The Need for a Regional Approach to Stimulate Agricultural Growth and Enhance Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nijhoff,   Jan J.
COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA Twenty Fourth Meeting of the Trade and Customs Committee Nairobi, Kenya 2-4 November, 2009
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Grain; Trade; Food policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q18; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62227

The Problem of Inclusion, Developing Countries, and Global Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzacano,   Peter J.
Anger and optimism are coexisting themes related to the growing liberalization of international trade and the resultant transforming forces of globalization. While international trade and globalization offer the world community many benefits, there also appear to be negative consequences, particularly for least developed countries (LDCs). With increased trade and globalization has come an uneven distribution of the costs and benefits. This appears to have exacerbated inequalities of wealth and power within and between countries. The result is asymmetric interdependence where certain countries seem to prosper while others suffer. If trade is to benefit the LDCs and their poor constituents, more must be done to make them full and equal participants in the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Free trade; Globalization; Liberalization; Least developed countries; Less developed countries; Trade; United Nations; World Bank; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23904

A ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION OF BRAZIL´S TRADE RELATIONS WITH MERCOSUR AND OTHER ECONOMIC BLOCS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Braun,   Mirian Beatriz Schneider; Cardoso,   Rubiane Daniele; Westeren,   Knut Ingar.
O objetivo central deste trabalho é fazer uma retrospectiva histórica do processo de formação do Mercosul, o desenvolvimento das relações comerciais, bem como o conseqüente processo de convergência e divergência neste contexto. E ainda avaliar a eficácia do processo de interação no aumento das transações comerciais, tanto intra quanto extra-bloco. Nesta etapa, a característica que diferencia o outro é o processo de unificação dos estados. Desde o surgimento da idéia de integração das economias do Cone Sul da América Latina, ainda em meados dos anos-1980, o processo passou por várias fases. O primeiro edifício conhecido como o Mercosul, entre 1991 e 1998 caracteriza-se por um forte aumento do fluxo de comércio entre os países do...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio; Integração econômica; Mercosul; Trade; Economic integration; Mercosur; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109676

Agricultural Trade Implications of European Community Enlargement: North America Common Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Membership in the European Community (EC) for Greece, Spain, and Portugal may reduce trade between the United States and the EC in selected commodities; prospects for a North American Common Market are not bright; and the diversion of agricultural crops from export to fuel alcohol production would very likely increase, rather than reduce, balance-of-payment deficits for the United States and Brazil. The first meeting of the Consortium on Trade Research, established by the Economics and Statistics Service's International Economics Division and several universities, focused on and continues to analyze these and other global topics.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Research; European Community; North American Common Market; Fuel alcohol; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51822

Preferences Erosion and Trade Costs in the Sugar Market: The Impact of the Everything but Arms Initiative and the Reform of the EU Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforti,   Piero; Rapsomanikis,   George.
The changes recently introduced in the EU Common Market Organization for sugar will interact with preferential imports from developing countries and least developed countries that enjoy preferential treatment for exports to the EU, as well as by trade and adjustment costs. This paper focuses on the impact of the EU Commission’s sugar policy reform and the Everything But Arms initiative on the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries and the Least Developed Countries. Simulations are run with an empirical model structure comprising a partial equilibrium model for the world sugar market and a gravity model to replicate least developed countries bilateral trade with Europe. Particularly, the gravity approach is employed to model the abolition of import...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EBA; Sugar; Gravity; Trade; C53; International Relations/Trade; Q18; C23.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25641

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Indonesia: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erwidodo.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Indonesia. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions and performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rubber, coffee, tea, cocoa, tobacco, shrimp and palm oil. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Indonesia.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic policies; Infrastructure; Trade; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32698

Westernization of the Asian Diet: The Case of Rising Wheat Consumption in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
With sustained income growth and fast urbanization, Indonesia will see a major shift in the growth of grain consumption from rice to wheat products. New demand estimates from consumption survey data give a relatively high income elasticity of demand for wheat-based products, in the range of 0.44 to 0.84, with 26% to 34% of this response coming from the impact of income on the probability of consumption for non-consuming households and the remaining impact coming from the response on the level of consumption for households currently consuming wheat products. Urban location of households also contributes an increase of 0.11% to 0.13% to consumption. In contrast, elasticities in rice show a negative impact of income and urbanization on the probability of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Double-hurdle demand; Trade; Westernization of diet; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18335

Does International Trump Domestic Trade? The Seed Potato Market in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thibodeau,   David R.; Clark,   J. Stephen; Yang,   Jinbin; Prochazka,   Petr.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Potato; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43468

DIETARY EVOLUTION OVER TIME IN EUROPE, BETWEEN CYCLOPS AND PHAECIANS . AN OUTLOOK ON THE ROLE OF SUPPLY-SIDE FACTORS IN DRIVING CHANGES IN THE FOOD PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finardi,   Corrado; Arfini,   Filippo; Turrini,   Aida.
The present study intends to shed light, both from a descriptive and investigative point of view on the dietary evolution taking place in Europe during last 45 years, using secondary data from FAO FBS, which can cover the entire time span considered and allow for several extrapolation and timeseries analysis, differently than single survey data.. After a clustering of selected european national diets, using specific metrics with respect both to internal and external variety (as measured by appropriate indicators), we intended to check the actual distance that average, national diets have in front of the so called Food Pyramid, which consists in a balance of several food items in adequate proportions and in fact glorifies the healthy virtues of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diets; Evolution; Clustering; Food pyramid; Europe; Trade; GI; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; E37; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116443

Learning from the 2002/03 Food Crisis in Southern Africa: Lessons for the Current Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Arlindo,   Pedro; Nijhoff,   Jan J.; Mwiinga,   Billy; Weber,   Michael T.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Research Results of SIMA (Market Information ) DEST (Statistics Department)t and DAP (Policy Analysis Department) of MINAG (the Ministry of Agriculture of Mozambique), Directorate of Economics
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food crisis; Southern Africa; Trade; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55250

The Effects of the Internet on U.S. Bilateral Trade in Agricultural and Horticultural Commodities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wheatley,   W. Parker; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper discusses some of the reasons why the Internet might have a positive effect on the international trade in agricultural and horticultural commodities between the United States and its partners.  It provides some simple econometric tests which differentiate the export and import effects of Internet infrastructure and cost.  It also shows that the effect may be dependent on product heterogeneity/perishability.  Given the growth of the Internet over the past decade, coming to terms and measuring these effects is important to both producers and policymakers in considering the competitive impacts of this new technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internet; Trade; Agricultural commodities; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; O39; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19227

Forest Product Trade Impacts of an Invasive Species: Modeling Structure and Intervention Trade-Offs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prestemon,   Jeffrey P.; Zhu,   Shushuai; Turner,   James A.; Buongiorno,   Joseph; Li,   Ruhong.
Asian gypsy and nun moth introductions into the United States, possibly arriving on imported Siberian coniferous logs, threaten domestic forests and product markets and could have global market consequences. We simulate, using the Global Forest Products Model (a spatial equilibrium model of the world forest sector), the consequences under current policies of a wide-spread, successful pest invasion, and of plausible trading partner responses to the successful invasion. We find that trade liberalization would have a negligible effect on U.S. imports of Siberian logs and, consequently, on the risk of a pest invasion. But, if it happened, possibly through trade in other commodities, a successful and widespread pest invasion would have large effects on...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asian gypsy moth; Trade; Invasive species; Welfare; Spatial equilibrium model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10188

Integrated Report of the Project "Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Selected Asian Countries with Special Focus on CGPRT Crops"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanai,   Michio; Titapiwatanakun,   Boonjit.
This integrated report is the concluding achievement of the project "Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Selected Asian Countries with Special Focus on CGPRT Crops." It was compiled to summarize the first and second country reports of ten participating countries namely China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Thailand and Viet Nam. Also it consolidates the overall findings, analysis and policy recommendations achieved in the project.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research projects; Trade liberalization; Trade; Trade policies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32713

AN ANALYSIS OF LATIN AMERICAN PEANUT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Dae-Seob; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The Latin American peanut industry is estimated using SUR. In scenarios, their demand is not affected dramatically by both price changes. The price changes affect the Latin American supply by roughly 15% and net trade by approximately 50%, compared to less than 10% in world price shock.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Peanut; SUR; Scenarios; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34744

BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS AND THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper examines the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite rapid adoption of GMOs by a few exporters, many importers have developed relatively restrictive procedures for pre-market approval of GMOs, and are introducing mandatory labeling. While exporters have yet to seek a ruling from the WTO on these regulations, a trade dispute over GMOs is likely to occur before too long. Exporting countries will likely argue that importing countries' regulations are too restrictive, given existing scientific knowledge of the safety of current GM crops, and that labeling of GM foods is unnecessary due to the fact that they are typically similar to their conventional counterparts. In response,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Regulation; Trade; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14594

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL TRADE AFTER THE EU ACCESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konig,   Gabor.
The paper discusses the changes of the Hungarian agricultural trade, and shows how different factors (both internal and external) determine the flow of agricultural trade. The analyses show that although the EU plays a role more and more important in the Hungarian trade, the balance became worse, partly because of the increase of import from Germany and from Poland. The worsening trend of the trade after the accession shows that although the competitiveness is increasing it is still behind the improvement of competitiveness of the members of the EU-15 and 10 (partly because of the change of trade agreements, of subsidies and tariffs). In advantageous years (for cereals) the trends of trade with Romania and Bulgaria may have a positive effect on the flow of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hungary; EU; Agriculture; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7780

LIVESTOCK SECTORS IN THE ECONOMIES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION; TRANSITION FROM PLAN TO MARKET AND THE ROAD AHEAD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bjornlund,   Britta; Cochrane,   Nancy J.; Haley,   Mildred M.; Hoskin,   Roger; Liefert,   Olga; Paarlberg,   Philip L.
This report examines the restructuring of the livestock sectors in five countries: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. All five countries experienced a decline in both animal inventories and meat output during the early years of transition away from a centrally planned economy. ERS, in cooperation with Purdue University, developed five general equilibrium models depicting the economies of each nation. The models were used to evaluate capital investment at different stages of production; the rise in land prices that would result from a better functioning land market; reduced marketing costs; increased availability of credit; and, the creation of off-farm employment to draw labor out of agriculture. The study identifies potential trade and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Livestock sector; Eastern Europe; Centrally planned economy; Cattle; Dairy; Beef; Pork; Poultry; Hogs; Property rights; Trade; Investment; Reform; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33977

Intraindustry Trade and the Environment: Is There a Selection Effect?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aralas,   Sarma B.; Hoehn,   John P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/06/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Trade; Monopolistic Competition; Selection effect; Environmental quality; Panel data; OECD; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q56; Q51; Q53; Q58; F12; F18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61367

The Response of Consumption to Income Shocks:  Evidence from the Indian Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tandon,   Sharad; Landes,   Maurice R.
This paper uses the Indian tariff reforms of the early nineties to estimate how households responded to the negative income shocks caused by the tariff decreases.  Households more hurt by the tariff reform decreased overall expenditure, but the response is not uniform across food items.  In particular, households more hurt by the reform did not change their consumption of cereals, but decreased their consumption of all other food items.  Although this coping mechanism helped maintain overall levels of calorie consumption, diet diversity and the associated benefits were sacrificed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrition; Trade; Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; D7; D8; H2; O2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103767

Argentina Grapefruit Production, Utilization, and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hyeyoung.
This report provides production, utilization and trade data with respect to Argentina’s grapefruit industry.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Grapefruit; Production; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36839

Trade Similarities between Eastern and Southern Europe: Opportunities or Competition?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marques,   Helena.
Using only transition period data, this paper analyses revealed comparative advantages (RCAs) and specialisations to identify the 3-digit SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) sectors in which the EU’s trade liberalisation with Eastern European applicants may represent opportunities or competition between them and EU South. First, during the transition period potential competition occurs in labour-intensive sectors. Over one-third of Eastern European and EU South exports overlap both in the labour-intensive factor content and in the destination market (EU North). Second, the clothing and footwear export unit values of Visegrad countries are very close to those of EU South, indicating similar quality levels. Third, the greatest potential...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Eastern Europe; EU enlargement; Southern Europe; Trade; Transition; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23918

MAKING SENSE OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
Proposals for agricultural trade reform put forward by the main protagonists remain far apart, with little sign of convergence.  In an attempt to progress the negotiations towards a successful outcome, the chairman of the WTO Committee on Agriculture has proposed a compromise.  The alternative proposals by the United States, the European Union and the WTO are analysed with the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model, a static, multi-commodity, multi-region, partial equilibrium trade model.  The estimated annual global welfare gains are $26 billion, $12 billion and $17 billion respectively.  Least developed countries, as a group, gain from the US proposal but are made worse off under the WTO and EU proposals.  Furthermore, in the best case many...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Modelling; Negotiations; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25858

The Impact of Domestic and Import Prices on U.S. Lamb Imports: A Production System Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Jones,   Keithly G.; Hahn,   William F.
As U.S. lamb imports increased relative to domestic production, and the relative share of chilled to frozen lamb imports increased, importers of chilled lamb have become less responsive to domestic and import prices, while the direct opposite is the case for frozen lamb imports. From 1990 to 2003, chilled lamb imports from Australia and New Zealand became less and less responsive to U.S. prices, and frozen imports became more responsive. Unconditional own-price elasticities also show that, over time, imports of chilled lamb became less responsive to import prices while frozen imports became more responsive to import prices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Lamb; Demand; Imports; Trade; Import demand; Production; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44704

Chicken Supreme: How the Indonesian Poultry Sector Can Survive Avian Influenza
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David.
Avian influenza is a deadly disease that can spread rapidly through poultry. There are many documented cases of transmission from birds to people, but as yet only rare instances of human to human transmission. Nonetheless, public health officials are concerned about the possibility of a human pandemic, and many countries have policies of banning imports of live birds and poultry meat from infected regions. The potential impacts on Indonesia of a production shock, a shift in consumption or a trade ban are assessed using a heterogeneous product model where imports are differentiated by source. Empirical results suggest the likely trade impacts in Indonesia are minimal because its trade is a small share of production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Avian Influenza; Trade; Poultry; Indonesia; Livestock Production/Industries; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10384

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2011
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2011 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2011 report begins with a special feature that provides a description of young farmers in Canada including their numbers by farm size, province and farm...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; R&amp;D; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Young farmers; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Trade; Productivity; Food processing; Food manufacturing; Environment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103047

NON-TARIFF TRADE BARRIERS IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
As trade agreements lower tariff rates throughout the world, other barriers to trade emerge.  These non-tariff barriers can be just as troublesome for exporting companies.  Non-tariff barriers include technical measures, customs rules and procedures, transport regulations or costs, lack of knowledge of regional markets, and import policies.  The objective of this study is to identify non-tariff barriers faced by U.S., and more specifically North Dakota, exporting businesses, especially those involved in agriculture, and to identify difficulties involved in exporting products.  A survey of North Dakota businesses is conducted to identify important trade barriers.  Phytosanitary regulations and railroad problems are two frustrating issues that create...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-tariff barriers; Trade; Survey; North Dakota exporters; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23501

Tariffs and Steel: The US Safeguard Actions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenville,   Jared W.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
This paper presents a multi-product price linked spatial equilibrium model of world steel trade. The model is used to analyse the impacts of the safeguard trade barriers brought about by the United States in order to protect their domestic industry from so called unfair competition. Emphasis is placed on the likely effect to the Australian industry and possible policy responses available to the industry. A case study is made on Australia's three largest export products, namely slab, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel, which share some substitutability in supply and demand due to the nature of the industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Spatial equilibrium model; Steel; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58452

A Conflict of Legitimate Concerns or Pandering to Vested Interests? Conflicting Attitudes Towards the Regulation of Trade in Genetically Modified Goods - The EU and the US
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perdikis,   Nicholas.
The success of multilateral negotiations in reducing explicit trade barriers has focused the attention of policy makers and other interest groups on the impact domestic policies and attitudes may have on trade flows. In the area of genetically modified goods the principal area of dispute between the U.S. and the EU involves fundamental differences in the perception of these goods and consumer attitudes towards them. The current dispute settlement mechanisms do not provide a way of dealing with this type of issue. Existing bodies were designed to deal with "producer vested" interests and so cannot deal with "legitimate" consumer concerns. The paper concludes that a new body should be established to deal with these within the ambit of the WTO.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conflicts; EU; GMOs; Trade; U.S.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23835

Economic Modeling of Livestock Disease Outbreaks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Lee,   John G.; Seitzinger,   Ann Hillberg.
The paper surveys articles examining the economic impacts of a livestock disease outbreak and focuses on modeling issues. One set of papers considers setting an import barrier when there is a livestock disease risk. They show that the level of a risk-based import barrier is sensitive to the impact of disease on economic welfare. The remaining articles focus on estimates of the economic impacts. An outbreak is modeled in a U.S. agricultural sector model and shows the importance of lost exports and consumer response to the magnitude of losses. The final paper argues for de-composition of the welfare impacts. Lessons for future research include improved links to epidemiological research, improved inclusion of trade, extension to non-agricultural sectors, and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Foot-and-mouth disease; Modeling; Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8178

AAMP Proceedings Report:  Trade in Food Staples: Promoting Price Stability and Food Security through Intra-Regional Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
African Agricultural Markets Programme Training Workshop and Policy Seminar Nairobi, Kenya December 2008, COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Trade; Africa; Agriculture; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54704

Indonesian agricultural trade policy at the crossroads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oktaviani,   Rina; Setyoko,   Nur Rakhman; Vanzetti,   David.
Following the global spike in food prices in 2008, there is renewed interest in Indonesia in self-sufficiency as a means of achieving food security. Restrictive trade policies, including specific tariffs on rice and sugar, and quantitative restrictions on imports and exports, have been used in an attempt to meet conflicting objectives of assisting both producers and consumers. Meanwhile, palm oil exports to the European Union are constrained by the importer's concerns about deforestation and its contribution to climate change. Similar constraints may be applied to other commodities as production moves into pristine areas in an attempt to maintain self-sufficiency. On the other hand, more open trade may offer better options to address any...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Indonesia; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59109

TRADE AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES PEANUT PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borges,   Robert B.
NAFTA and GATT will dramatically alter regulations protecting U.S. peanut markets and will allow foreign producers considerable access to domestic market. Traditionally, the political economy surrounding peanut policy has been favorable to domestic producers. Rising peanut butter imports, decreasing domestic demand, and possibly the inadvertent effects of domestic policy, ironically implemented to protect domestic producers, have contributed to significant increases in Treasury costs. These increased Treasury costs have dramatically changed the political climate surrounding the peanut program. In this light, the effects of GATT appear manageable; NAFTA may ultimately require major policy reform. Possible alternatives are presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; GATT; NAFTA; Peanuts; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15267

Detecting COOL Impacts on US-Canada Bilateral Hog and Pork Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Felt,   Marie-Helene.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: COL; Trade; Hog; Pork; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102301

Trade situation of maize and sorghum in 1977
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Wutitep Nandhabiwat.
4 tables
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Trade; Exports; Domestic consumption; Marketing; Prices; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; การส่งออก; การใช้ภายในประเทศ; อุตสาหกรรมอาหารสัตว์.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/3946

Statistics on corn and sorghum
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Supote Dechathet.
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Production; Trade; Domestic demand; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; การผลิต; การค้าโลก; นโยบายทางการค้า; ความต้องการภายในประเทศ.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/3997