Consulta: subjectFacets:"Trade policy"
Registros recuperados: 45
Data/hora: 13/06/2024 21:52:29

O mercado da tilápia - 1° trimestre de 2016.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: FLORES, R. M. V.; BARROSO, R. M.; LÓPEZ RÍOS, J.; MUNOZ, A. E. P.; ROCHA, H. S.
Comportamento do mercado de varejo nacional. Evolução dos preços. O setor externo.
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Tilápia; Peixe de água doce; Comércio exterior; Mercado nacional; Fish; Market prices; Prices; Tilapia (common name); Trade policy.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1043658

O mercado da tilápia - 3º trimestre de 2015.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: BARROSO, R. M.; MUNOZ, A. E. P.; FLORES, R. M. V.; LÓPEZ RÍOS, J.
Comportamento do varejo - mercado nacional. Evolução dos preços. no primeiro semestre de 2015. Categorias comercializadas. O setor externo. O potencial da tilápia avança sobre o mercado dos peixes marinhos. A tilápia é um peixe caro? O preço da praticidade. Peixarias x Supermercados. O setor externo.
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Peixe de água doce; Tilápia; Comércio exterior; Mercado nacional; Tilapia (common name); Fish; Market prices; Prices; Trade policy.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1027132

O mercado da tilápia - 4º trimestre de 2015.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MUNOZ, A. E. P.; BARROSO, R. M.; LÓPEZ RÍOS, J.; MEDEIROS, F.
Comportamento do mercado de varejo nacional. Evolução dos preços. A abertura do mercado brasileiro à tilápia chinesa. O setor externo.
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Tilápia; Peixe de água doce; Comércio exterior; Mercado nacional; Fish; Market prices; Prices; Trade policy; Tilapia (common name).
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1036972

O mercado da tilápia - 2° trimestre de 2016.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: BARROSO, R. M.; MUNOZ, A. E. P.; LÓPEZ RIOS, J.
Nesta edição são analisados dados do mercado de tilápia referentes ao segundo trimestre de 2016. As unidades federativas pesquisadas foram São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Distrito Federal e Ceará, com os preços obtidos junto a supermercados e peixarias. A amostra selecionada representa este segmento de mercado da região metropolitana de cada capital, considerando tanto a distribuição geográfica quanto o tipo e tamanho do estabelecimento. No total, foram coletados 247 preços do dia 8 de abril a 15 de junho de 2016.
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Tilápia; Comércio exterior; Mercado nacional; Peixe de água doce; Fish; Market prices; Prices; Tilapia (common name); Trade policy.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1051014

Multifunctional Agriculture and Domestic/International Policy Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Boisvert,   Richard N.
The concept of multifunctionality, in which agriculture is viewed as a source of both commodity and non-commodity outputs, has stimulated debate on the desirability of further trade liberalization. We explore the economics of multifunctionality and its policy implications. We argue for a new policy approach in which land and natural resource managers are remunerated for positive non-commodity outputs and penalized for negative outputs. This would require devolution in policy implementation from the centre to the local level. Such an approach would permit countries to achieve broader social objectives, while at the same time continuing to pursue trade liberalization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic policy; Multifunctionality; Trade policy; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23910

Measuring the impact of trade policy reform in Ireland: A disaggregated analysis of household impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Ana Corina; Matthews,   Alan; Boysen,   Ole; Donnellan,   Trevor; O'Donoghue,   Cathal.
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts of further trade liberalisation on the agricultural sector in Ireland. In addition to evaluating the aggregate impacts on agricultural production as well as the spill-over effect of this on the non-agricultural sector and for overall Irish GDP, we evaluate the effects for different types of households. In order to capture economy-wide impacts of the policy reform, a CGE model was formulated and implemented using a social accounting matrix constructed for Ireland for the year 2005. Household effects are captured using representative households. The simulation results suggest a positive impact on the Irish economy as well as on the representative households. Many agricultural sectors contract in the process...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; CAP reform; CGE model; Macro and welfare effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; D58; I3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99598

Multifunctional agricultural policy, reduced domestic support and liberalized trade: An empirical assessment for Taiwanese rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Rice; Groundwater; Recharge; Taiwan; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91820

Macro policies and investment priorities for irrigated agriculture in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barker,   Randolph; Ringler,   Claudia; Tien,   Nguyen Minh; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Investment policy; Irrigation management; Marketing; Trade policy; Public finance; Water law; Regression analysis; Agricultural credit; Households; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92833

The Environment for Agricultural and Agribusiness Investment in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Maurice R.
Despite strong overall economic growth and strengthening food demand, investment in Indian agriculture and agribusiness has remained sluggish, and growth in farm output has slowed, since the early 1990s. An array of policies and regulations affecting agricultural production, marketing, and food processing—along with weak infrastructure and a lack of market services—have discouraged private investment by farmers and large, vertically integrated agribusinesses. The policy environment has grown more investor friendly since the late 1990s and private investment appears to be responding, but significant barriers remain and the pace of future reforms remains uncertain.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Investment; Trade policy; Domestic policy; Infrastructure; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58628

MIRAGE, Updated Version of the Model for Trade Policy Analysis: Focus on Agriculture and Dynamics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Decreux,   Yvan; Valin,   Hugo.
MIRAGE is a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model, devoted to trade policy analysis. It incorporates imperfect competition, horizontal and vertical product differentiation, and foreign direct investment, in a sequential dynamic set-up where installed capital is assumed to be immobile. Adjustment inertia is linked to capital stock reallocation. MIRAGE draws upon a very detailed measure of trade barriers and of their evolution under given hypotheses, thanks to the MAcMap database. The most recent version, presented in this paper, offers improvements in the modelling of agriculture policy and dynamics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable general equilibrium model; Trade policy; Dynamics; Foreign direct investment; Imperfect competition; International Relations/Trade; D58; F12; F13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7284

Does international cereal trade save water? The impact of virtual water trade on global water use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Fraiture,   Charlotte; Cai,   Ximing; Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Trade policy; Water use; Irrigation water; Productivity; Evapotranspiration; Water scarcity; Water conservation; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92832

WORLD FEED BARLEY TRADE UNDER ALTERNATIVE TRADE POLICY SCENARIOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mao,   Weining; Koo,   Won W.; Krause,   Mark A.
A spatial equilibrium model based on a quadratic programming algorithm was developed to analyze world feed barley trade and international competition among major exporters (Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States) under the current and alternative trade policy scenarios.  The U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) plays an important role to maintain U.S. market share in importing countries.  Eliminating Canadian rail subsidy decreases Canadian offshore exports, but greatly increases its exports to the United States.  The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increases feed barley trade within North America, but has little impact on world trade flows for feed barley.  Canada benefits most under the Uruguay Round Agreement of GATT...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Feed barley; International grain trade; Trade policy; Spatial equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23272

Ruffled Feathers: Tariff Rate Quotas and Voluntary Export Agreements in U.S.-Mexican Poultry Meat Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Velasquez,   Sonia; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Houston,   Jack E.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) opened up trade opportunities between the U.S. and Mexico in poultry products. Mexico agreed to reduce tariffs on agricultural products over the adjustment period and eliminate non-tariff barriers. As the phase-in of the NAFTA liberalizations reached completion, safeguard measures were instituted to protect Mexican producers from dumping or import surges and consumers from unsafe foods.  Under NAFTA, tariffs on poultry meat imported into Mexico fell from 260% in 1993 to zero in 2003. Imports surged and Mexican poultry producers petitioned for protection. In July 2003, Mexico imposed a bilateral safeguard measure in the form of an annual TRQ on chicken leg quarters to protect local producers for five years....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Voluntary export agreements; TRQs; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade; F140.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50550

Factors Determining EU-Competitiveness of the Hungarian Agriculture: Trade policy approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halmai,   Peter; Elekes,   Andrea.
As regards EU accession of Hungary one of the most important questions is how the adaptation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will affect the competitiveness of the Hungarian agriculture. Competitive effects of CAP can be revealed in several ways (quantitative, comparative analysis, simulations etc.) but the results may differ significantly. That is why it is interesting to compare the results of different methods. This paper concentrates on the competitive effects of changing trade policy by comparing the results of comparative analyses (producer prices, export subsidy systems and import protection) and simulations. The results of the simulation confirm the conclusion that the CAP adaptation will favour basically the cereal production. CAP...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU accession; Trade policy; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24928

International Trade Education: Do We Need a New Model for the Global Market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Professionals in the field of international trade policy tend to receive their knowledge on-the-job, often with a considerable component of mentoring. While this was a reasonable knowledge transfer mechanism in a period when interest in trade policy was confined to narrow constituencies and a limited range of trade policies, it may no long be appropriate in the era of globalization. In recent years both those with an interest in trade policy and the range of issues that come under the purview of trade policy have increased substantially, yet there is little formal education provided on trade policy. As a result, there is a shortage of trained professionals in the field of trade policy. While the shortage is widespread in developed countries, it is endemic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Education; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23934

Relative Impact of the Norway-EU Salmon Agreement: A Midterm Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinnucan,   Henry W.; Myrland,   Oystein.
An agreement between Norway and the European Commission specifies an increase in the export tax on Norwegian salmon entering EU markets from 0.75% to 3.00% effective 1 July 1997. Further, Norway's exports are subject to a price floor and quantity ceiling, neither of which were binding over the evaluation period. Since the tax's proceeds are to be used by Norway to fund generic marketing of Atlantic salmon, it is possible that the agreement is winwin, i.e., benefits United Kingdom and Norwegian producers alike. To test this, we use an equilibrium displacement model to estimate the agreement's effects on prices, trade flows, and producer welfare. Results based on data through 1999 suggest the agreement is indeed win-win, but that currency realignments and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement modeling; Export tax; Generic advertising; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24826

Implications of a Doha Agreement on Agricultural Markets in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdel Karim,   Imad Eldin Elfadil; Abler,   David G.
The latest round of multilateral trade negotiations was launched at the ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organization in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001.  Agriculture is a major item on the agenda for the Doha Round.  The primary focus is on the three “pillars” of the Uruguay Round agreement—domestic support, market access, and export competition. The framework for a final agreement was finalized at a Ministerial meeting in Geneva in July 2004, but contains few details on modalities (e.g., the formula to be used for reductions in tariffs/increases in tariff-rate quotas, quantitative limitations on domestic support, and the schedule for the elimination of export subsidies).  Detailed proposals on a number of these issues were put forward in October 2005...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Doha Agreement; Sudan; Agricultural markets; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37918

A note on taxes, prices, wages, and welfare in general equilibrium models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
"January 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 11-12).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Welfare economics; Equilibrium (Economics); Financial Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97541

Policy Responses to 2008 High Food Prices: Domestic Incentives and Global Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woolverton,   Andrea E.; Kiawu,   James.
Global food commodity price inflation beginning in 2006 and continuing through mid-2008 became a priority concern for global consumers, producers and policy-makers alike.  In response, many governments across the world implemented policies targeting high food commodity prices in their domestic markets.  These policy responses were concentrated in lower income countries and primarily targeted rice and wheat. The 2007-08 policy responses across countries included liberalized import tariffs, export restrictions and increased domestic support for both consumers and producers.   We develop a case study of 15 major global trading, lower-income countries’ policy responses .  The analysis addressed the following questions: a) What policy responses did major global...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: High food prices; Trade policy; Agriculture; Political economy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104506

Do Decoupled Payments Stimulate Production? Estimating the Effect on Program Crop Acreage Using Matching
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Roberts,   Robert J.
This study uses matching to evaluate the effect of decoupled payments on the acreage response of Iowa farmers who were in business in 1997 and 2002. Using farm-level panel data from the U.S. Agricultural Census, we examine whether farmers receiving high levels of 1997 agricultural payments per acre had a greater increase in program crop acreage between 1997 and 2002 than farmers receiving low levels of payments. The panel data set allows for conditioning current acreage on past individual acreage and operator characteristics. The large and exhaustive sample allows for comparisons across similar farms. The matching methodology avoids distributional and functional form assumptions about the relationship between the treatment and outcome. Results are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Supply response; Government payments; Program crops; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6072

Decomposing Changes in Agricultural Producer Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.
This paper develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural producer prices. The method builds on a procedure used by the World Bank, with the key variables in the decomposition being trade prices, exchange rates, and agricultural trade policies. The main ways by which we expand on the World Bank decomposition procedure are by broadening the analysis of policy effects, and by adding the effect from incomplete transmission of changes in border prices and exchange rates to producer prices, and the effect on prices from interactions between variables as they change simultaneously. We demonstrate the decomposition method by using the Russian poultry market in the late 1990s, and find that the dominant factor in changing the producer price was the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Price transmission; Exchange rates; Trade policy; Russian agriculture; Developing economies; Transition economies; Agricultural Finance; F13; O13; 024; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25331

Food Safety Incidents, Collateral Damage and Trade Policy Responses: China-Canada Agri-Food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Huanan; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.
As markets become globalized, food safety policy and international trade policy are increasingly intertwined. Globalization also means that food safety incidents are widely reported internationally. One result is that food safety incidents can negatively impact products where no food safety issue exists as consumers lose trust in both foreign and domestic food safety institutions. While the policy framework for dealing with directly effected imported foods is well understood, how to deal with the market failure associated with indirectly affected products within the existing trade policy rules has not been explored. Using the example of China’s 2007 problems with a spate of products safety incidents, a theoretical framework is developed and the response of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; China; Cooperation; Food safety; Market failure; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43463

Increasing the Openness of the Trade Policy Process: Challenges and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isaac,   Grant E.
Trade policy – once a subset of foreign policy far removed from domestic concern, focused squarely on border issues and subject to the rules of international diplomacy – is now a central concern on the public policy agenda as trade issues have become increasingly entwined with traditionally domestic policy issues. Consequently, demands have been made for more openness in trade policy formation and, in response, many governments have undertaken openness initiatives. Despite these developments there has been only a little research into the increased openness of trade policy processes in general and no research aimed at developing a consistent framework for categorizing various openness initiatives and permitting a meaningful comparison of initiatives between...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Openness; Openness framework; Trade policy; Transparency; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23816

Restrições comerciais ao complexo de soja brasileiro: estudo dos impactos dos subsídios dos Estados Unidos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Besarria,   Cassio da Nobrega; Maia,   Sinezio Fernandes.
This study objective at investigating the Brazilian soybean complex in the period 1990 to 2006, using the theoretical model of Brander-Spencer (1984) and the instrument of strategies based on game theory. The methodology used to estimate the payoffs of the game between Brazil and the United States was the model of vector autoregression (VAR). The analysis of oligopoly, this paper will be based on the Cournot model. For the Cournot model firms produce homogeneous goods and each one considers a fixed level of production of its competitor. It was possible to measure and analyze, through non-cooperative games, the strategic decisions of Brazil to the choices facing the United States, highlighting the reaction function for the sector on soya. The results...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Game theory; Subsidy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95064

The entry price threshold in EU F&amp;V sector: deterrence or effective barrier?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cioffi,   Antonio; Santeramo,   Fabio G.
The paper investigates the effects of the entry price scheme for fresh fruit and vegetables. The analysis is conducted on the EU prices of tomatoes, lemons and apples for some of the main competing countries on the EU domestic markets: Morocco, Argentina, Turkey and China. The econometric analysis is based on testing and estimating a switching vector autoregressive model with endogenous threshold entry price level. The model shows the isolation effects and the accumulation of SIVs above the trigger entry price. This paper contributes to clarify the role played by the EPS in avoid or deter low priced imports from main EU partner Countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fruits and vegetables; Entry price system; Trade policy; TVAR; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99432

Contingent Protection Measures and the Management of the Softwood Lumber Trade in North America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Froese,   Marc D.
This article examines Canada’s softwood lumber dispute with the United States in the context of new juridical models of international dispute settlement and an evolving trade policy environment in North America. Two questions are of central importance to this study. First, what does the rise of contingent protection measures mean for Canada’s regulatory model? Strong antidumping legislation has created a new order of trade conflict at a time when intrasectoral competition has increased state support in a number of sectors. Second, how do American antidumping trade remedy measures come to bear in this dispute? In the softwood case, dispute settlement has been less effective because Canada, as the smaller economy, faces the challenge of enforcing panel...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Countervailing duties; Dispute settlement; Softwood; Trade policy; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23844

How Much Do Decoupled Payments Affect Production? An Instrumental Variable Approach with Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Jeremy G.; Key,   Nigel D.
Agricultural support payments that cause no or minimal production distortions are exempt from World Trade Organization restrictions. If and how much decoupled payments, such as direct payments in the U.S., affect agricultural production remains an open empirical question with implications for policy. We use multiple years of the Census of Agriculture to estimate the aggregate supply response to changes in direct payments. To identify an exogenous source of variation in payments we exploit a provision of the 2002 Farm Act that departed from previous policy by making oilseeds eligible for direct payments, thus increasing payments to areas that historically produced more oilseeds. Using a sample of ZIP codes that accounts for more than eighty percent of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Supply response; Government payments; Program crops; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103455

Analysis of the Relationship between State Budget and Trade Balance of Libyan Economy (Period: 2000 – 2008)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maitah,   Mansoor; der Ali,   A.
The subject of the relationship between state budget and trade balance is important as economic subject, not only at the level of developing countries, but also at of advanced ones, too. Such importance emerged clearly when 1980s witnessed in United States of America a deficit in both state budget and trade balance, which was called at that time as the twin or dual deficit. We can say that the analysis of relationship between state budget and trade balance states the extent of mutual effect between financial and trade policies of any economy, namely; any change in the outcome of either one may affect the other in the same degree. To put in other words, the instruments of financial policy represented by total incomes and total expenditures can affect the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: State budget; Trade balance; Libya; Trade policy; Fiscal policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99221

Reciprocal Trade Agreements:  Impacts on Bilateral Trade Expansion and Contraction in the World Agricultural Marketplace
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vollrath,   Thomas L.; Hallahan,   Charles B.
The rapid increase in the number of bilateral and regional free-trade agreements since 1995 is a striking development. The proliferation of these agreements has raised questions about whether they have, in fact, opened markets, created trade, promoted economic growth, and/or distorted trade. This study uses panel data from 1975 to 2005 and a gravity framework model to identify the influence of reciprocal trade agreements (RTAs) on bilateral trade in the world agricultural marketplace. A benchmark, Heckman sample-selection and two generalized models, one of which accounts for RTA phase-in effects, are used to gauge the impact on partner trade of mutual as well as asymmetric RTA membership. Empirical results show that RTAs increase agricultural trade between...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Reciprocal trade agreements; Bilateral; Regional; Missing trade; Gravity models; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102755

GM food technology abroad and its implications for Australia and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
The potential economic benefits from agricultural biotechnology adoption by ANZ need to be weighed against any likely loss of market access abroad for crops that may contain genetically modified (GM) organisms. This paper uses the global GTAP model to estimate effects of other countries' GM policies without and with ANZ farmers adopting GM varieties of various grains and oilseeds. The benefits to ANZ from adopting GM crops under a variety of scenarios are positive even in the presence of the ban on imports from GM-adopting countries by the EU (but not if East Asia also applied such a ban).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; GMOs; Regulation; Trade policy; Computable general equilibrium; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C68; D58; F13; O3; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58365

Non-Tariff Barriers as a Test of Political Economy Theories
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levy,   Philip I.
This paper provides a rough test of a broad and prominent class of political economy of trade models and finds them wanting. The class features governments with weighted social welfare functions, including the prominent model of Grossman and Helpman. Whether the government is the single domestic player or there are other players involved (as with the lobbies in the Grossman-Helpman case) the government ultimately acts as a unitary player in international dealings. Recent work has shown that such unitary actors care exclusively about terms of trade in international negotiations. This paper pursues the implication that governments’ choice of trade instruments may offer a better test of the unitary government framework than existing empirical work. We use the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Lobbying; Tariffs; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; D72; F13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28526

Agricultural Trade Policy Issues in the Eighties, Current Research and Long-Term Forecasting
Provedor de dados: 31
Domestic agricultural policy and trade policy are closely linked. Thus, research, including long-term forecasting activities, must take into account the domestic as well as international implications of trade policy issues. The seventh meeting of the Consortium on Trade Research on June 23-24, 1983, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, focused on the problems facing international agricultural trade in the eighties; current research efforts at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Canada, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Secretariat; and the status, problems, and applications of long-term forecasting models.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Trade modeling; Long-term forecasting; Monetary policy; Exchange rates; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51440

STRUCTURE OF THE GLOBAL MARKETS FOR MEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dyck,   John H.; Nelson,   Kenneth E.
Meat trade flows among countries and world regions are determined largely by differences among countries in their resource base, their preferences for meat types and cuts, the extent and character of barriers to trade, and the industry structure. Future growth of meat trade depends on further liberalization of protectionist barriers, eradication of animal diseases, economic development, and population growth. Trade growth is likely to feature greater complexity in trade patterns, with more countries engaging in trade, and with an increased tendency for individual countries to import and export meat cuts and offal from the same animal species.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Meat trade; Competitiveness; Trade policy; Sanitary barriers; Consumer preferences; Industrial structure; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33701

Trade Policy, Trade Volumes and Plant-Level Productivity in Colombian Manufacturing Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Ana.
This paper offers new insights on a central question in trade and development economics: does increased exposure to foreign competition generate gains in plant productivity? We find that it does. We examine Colombian trade policy from 1977 to 1991, a period during which trade liberalization alternates with increased trade protection in varied ways across industries, to investigate the link between trade policy and plant productivity. Using a rich panel of manufacturing plants, we obtain production function estimates separately across industries that are consistent in face of the simultaneity between input demands and productivity. These estimates are used to derive plant-level time-varying productivity measures for which a systematic component related to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Simultaneity and production functions; Trade policy; Productivity; Colombian manufacturing; Endogeneity of protection; International Relations/Trade; F13; D24; C14; O54.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28444

NORTH AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL MARKET INTEGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FOOD AND FIBER SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vollrath,   Thomas L.
Economic change and market dynamics have fundamentally altered the structure and performance of agricultural markets in the United States, Canada, and Mexico within the last 25 years. Many factors have helped shape the current North American food and fiber system, including technological change, domestic farm policies, international trade agreements, and the economic forces of supply and demand. Ratification of NAFTA, for example, helped integrate the North American market, sparking a surge in trade and investment among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. In recent years, efforts to further integrate the continental market seem to have slowed. Broadening the scope of NAFTA to include institutional reforms that lead to a more unified system of commercial...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market integration; Market segmentation; Law of one price; Price transmission; Elasticities; Exchange-rate pass-through; Market efficiency; Bilateral trade intensity; Regional trade agreements; NAFTA; CUSTA; Trade policy; WTO; GATT; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33639

Impact of Trade Liberalization and World Price Changes in Bangladesh: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alam,   Mohammad Jahangir; Buysse,   Jeroen; Begum,   Ismat Ara; Nolte,   Stephan; Wailes,   Eric J.; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
The paper analyzes the impact of trade liberalization and changes in world prices of agricultural commodities in Bangladesh using single country CGE model. Since the agricultural sector is sensitive to overall employment, household welfare and food security, the analysis focuses on the changes in agricultural production, consumption, household income and welfare. The results show that trade liberalization increases the welfare of all household groups while world market price increases decrease welfare. It means that although trade liberalization generates a welfare increase for households but this is dependent on the relative level of world commodity prices. Our results are based on the analysis of aggregate household groups, so it may be of future...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Static; CGE; Trade policy; World prices; Agricultural commodities; Bangladesh; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123724

A New World Chaos? International Institutions in the Information Age
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The technological revolutions that underlie the new information age will tax considerably the abilities of existing international institutions to bring order to international relations. Rapid rates of change may lead to chaos if international institutions cannot evolve to accommodate those changes. In some cases, new organisations will be required. The role given international organisations in establishing order in the latter half of the 20th century is reviewed. The new challenges presented by the information age are outlined. Whether the existing international organisations will be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the changes brought by the information age is assessed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Change; Globalisation; International institutions; Law; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23831

RECIPROCAL ACCESS IN U.S./CANADIAN GRAIN TRADE: BACKGROUND ISSUES FOR THE U.S. GRAIN TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
The purpose of this paper is to review past trade relations in the grains sector between the United States and Canada and to document trade barriers and the potential for the evolution of reciprocal trade.  Historical trade flows between the United States and Canada in the grains sector are reviewed.  Terms of recent trade agreements and other trade restrictions are described.  Then, some of the important differences in the marketing system are described and compared as well as changes in the Canadian grain marketing system.  Finally, the concept of reciprocal access is developed in the context of the evolving trading relations between these two countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain trade; U.S.-Canada trade; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23085

Exploring Linkages Among Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Issues for the Next Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Ballenger,   Nicole; Dunmore,   John C.; Gray,   Denice.
Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies affect agricultural trade?; (2) how will agricultural trade liberalization affect environmental quality?; (3) to what extent should there be international harmonization of environmental policies and product standards?; and (4) is there economic justification for using trade measures to protect the environment? This report demonstrates that basic economic paradigms can provide a basis for understanding how trade and the environment interact. The few empirical studies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Trade; Environment; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33961

Food policy and poverty in Indonesia: a general equilibrium analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
Rice is Indonesia’s staple food and accounts for large shares of both consumers’ budgets and total employment. Until recently, Indonesia was the world’s largest importer, but rice import policy is now highly protectionist. Since early 2004, rice imports have been officially banned. Advocates of this policy say it reduces poverty by assisting poor farmers. Opponents say it increases poverty, stressing negative effects on poor consumers. This paper uses a general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy to analyse the effects of a ban on rice imports. The analysis recognises 1000 individual households, including allmajor socioeconomic categories, disaggregated by expenditures per person. It takes account of effects on each household’s real expenditure and...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: General equilibrium; Rice imports; Trade policy; Indonesia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118588

A Quantitative Analysis of Trade Policy Responses to  High Agricultural Commodity Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Tokgoz,   Simla; Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/24/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Agricultural markets; Commodity prices; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51805

Finding the Balance Between Agricultural and Trade Policy: Rwanda Coffee Policy in Flux
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tardif-Douglin,   David; Ngirumwami,   Jean Leonard; Shaffer,   James D.; Murekezi,   Anastase; Kampayana,   Theobald.
Coffee is the principal source of foreign exchange for Rwanda. Over the years the predominating coffee policy has been to remunerate coffee producing highly to ensure sufficient production and foreign exchange receipts. The current policy debate focuses on whether the government can remove or modify coffee laws in existence since 1978 in such a way as to reduce the burden of the State and return crop choice to farmers without bringing about a catastrophic collapse in foreign exchange inflows.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F14.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54691

Agricultural trade reform under the Doha Agenda: some key issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   William J.; Anderson,   Kym.
A successful agreement on agriculture is essential for an overall agreement under the WTO’s Doha trade negotiations. Reaching agreement has been difficult, and as of August 2007, much still remains to be done if a successful agreement is to be reached. We consider three of the most controversial areas of the agricultural negotiations: the relative importance of domestic support, market access and export subsidies; three market access issues of sensitive-product exceptions sought for all countries and, the additional special product exceptions sought for developing countries, the proposed special safeguard mechanism; and the domestic support issue. We show that decisions made on reform in these areas will have a critical influence on whether the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Computable general equilibrium modelling; Doha development agenda; Multilateral negotiations; Trade policy; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117739

GM crop technology and trade restraints: economic implications for Australia and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
How much might the potential economic benefit from enhanced farm productivity associated with crop biotechnology adoption by Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) be offset by a loss of market access abroad for crops that may contain genetically modified (GM) organisms? This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model to estimate effects of other countries’ GM policies without and with ANZ farmers adopting GM varieties of various grains and oilseeds. The gross economic benefits to ANZ from adopting GM crops under a variety of scenarios could be positive even if the strict controls on imports from GM-adopting countries by the European Union are maintained, but not if North-East Asia also applied such trade restaints. From those gross economic...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Computable general equilibrium; Genetically modified organisms; Regulation; Trade policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118502

A Simple Measure for Agricultural Trade Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roningen,   Vernon O.; Dixit,   Praveen M.
A simple measure is proposed that estimates the volume of trade distortion caused by the agricultural policies of trading countries. The index, called a TDS (Trade Distorted by support), would be useful for trade analysts to compare the trade impact of agricultural support policies across countries and commodities. The TDS index can be calculated largely from existing information on agricultural support. A TDS index might also be used to assess damages in trade dispute settlement cases.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indicators; Producer subsidy equivalent; Trade distortion; Trade models; Trade negotiations; Trade policy; GATT; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51137