Consulta: subjectFacets:"Trade-off"
Registros recuperados: 13
Data/hora: 02/06/2024 04:37:33

Spatial Trade-Offs between Wind Power Production and Bird Collision Avoidance in Agricultural Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eichhorn, Marcus; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; marcus.eichhorn@ufz.de; Drechsler, Martin; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; martin.drechsler@ufz.de.
The expansion of renewable energy production is seen as an appropriate way to mitigate climate change. Renewable energies are not free of negative external effects on humans and the natural environment. We analyzed the conflict between wind power production and bird protection through the example of one of the most sensitive species, the red kite (Milvus milvus) in West Saxony, Germany. We investigated a large number of potential land use scenarios, defined by whether or not each potential site contained a wind turbine (WT). Based on meteorological and ornithological data, we evaluated the land use scenarios for their annual energy supply and impact on the red kite. We identified the efficient land use scenarios that maximized energy supply for a given...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bird protection; Efficiency frontier; Land use optimization; Spatial allocation; Trade-off; Wind power.
Ano: 2010

Ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies misunderstood without landscape history
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tomscha, Stephanie A.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; stephanie.tomscha@gmail.com; Gergel, Sarah E.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; sarah.gergel@ubc.ca.
Dramatic changes in ecosystem services have motivated recent work characterizing their interactions, including identifying trade-offs and synergies. Although time is arguably implicit in these ideas of trade-offs and synergies (e.g., temporal dynamics or changes in ecosystem services), such interactions are routinely inferred based on the spatial relationships among ecosystem services alone (e.g., spatial concordance of ecosystem services indicates synergies, whereas incongruence signifies trade-offs). The limitations of this approach have not been fully explored. We quantified ecosystem service interactions using correlations among contemporary ecosystem services and compared these results to those derived by incorporating change in ecosystem services...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service mapping; Landscape baseline; River floodplain; Synergy; Trade-off.
Ano: 2016

Trade-offs in ecosystem services and varying stakeholder preferences: evaluating conflicts, obstacles, and opportunities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: King, Elizabeth; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu.
In efforts to increase human well-being while maintaining the natural systems and processes upon which we depend, navigating the trade-offs that can arise between different ecosystem services is a profound challenge.  We evaluated a recently developed simple analytic framework for assessing ecosystem service trade-offs, which characterizes such trade-offs in terms of their underlying biophysical constraints as well as divergences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values for the services in question. Through a workshop and subsequent discussions, we identified four different types of challenging situations under which the framework allows important insights to clarify the nature of stakeholder conflicts, obstacles to promoting more sustainable outcomes, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical constraint; Conflict; Ecosystem service; Human values; Participatory tool; Production possibility frontier; Sustainability; Trade-off; Utility.
Ano: 2015

When everything is not everywhere but species evolve: an alternative method to model adaptive properties of marine ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sauterey, Boris; Ward, Ben A.; Follows, Michael J.; Bowler, Chris; Claessen, David.
The functional and taxonomic biogeography of marine microbial systems reflects the current state of an evolving system. Current models of marine microbial systems and biogeochemical cycles do not reflect this fundamental organizing principle. Here, we investigate the evolutionary adaptive potential of marine microbial systems under environmental change and introduce explicit Darwinian adaptation into an ocean modelling framework, simulating evolving phytoplankton communities in space and time. To this end, we adopt tools from adaptive dynamics theory, evaluating the fitness of invading mutants over annual timescales, replacing the resident if a fitter mutant arises. Using the evolutionary framework, we examine how community assembly, specifically the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Phytoplankton; Competition; Trait-based adaptive strategies; Adaptive dynamics; Eco-evolutionary dynamics; Trade-off; Community; Global circulation model.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00617/72883/71917.pdf

Variation in the link between oxygen consumption and ATP production, and its relevance for animal performance
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Salin, Karine; Auer, Sonya K.; Rey, Benjamin; Selman, Colin; Metcalfe, Neil B.
It is often assumed that an animal's metabolic rate can be estimated through measuring the whole-organism oxygen consumption rate. However, oxygen consumption alone is unlikely to be a sufficient marker of energy metabolism in many situations. This is due to the inherent variability in the link between oxidation and phosphorylation; that is, the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated per molecule of oxygen consumed by mitochondria (P/O ratio). In this article, we describe how the P/O ratio can vary within and among individuals, and in response to a number of environmental parameters, including diet and temperature. As the P/O ratio affects the efficiency of cellular energy production, its variability may have significant consequences for animal...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mitochondrial coupling efficiency; Life history; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Trade-off; Uncoupling.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00414/52509/53322.pdf

Maternal oxidative stress and reproduction: testing the constraint, cost and shielding hypotheses in a wild mammal
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Viblanc, Vincent A.; Schull, Quentin; Roth, Jeffrey D.; Rabdeau, Juliette; Saraux, Claire; Uhlrich, Pierre; Criscuolo, François; Dobson, F. Stephen.
1.Oxidative stress has been proposed as a central causal mechanism underlying the life history trade-off between current and future reproduction and survival in wild animals. 2.Whereas mixed evidence suggests that maternal oxidative stress may act both as a constraint and a cost to reproduction, some studies have reported a lack of association between reproduction and maternal oxidative stress. 3.The oxidative shielding hypothesis offers an alternative explanation, suggesting that mothers may pre-emptively mitigate the oxidative costs of reproduction by increasing antioxidant defences prior to reproduction. 4.We tested the oxidative constraint, cost, and shielding hypotheses using a longitudinal field study of oxidative stress levels in a species that...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Antioxidant; Body condition; Cost of reproduction; Life history; Mammal; Mitochondria; Trade-off.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00415/52679/53542.pdf

Trade-off between thermal sensitivity, hypoxia tolerance and growth in fish
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Roze, Thomas; Christen, Felix; Amerand, Aline; Claireaux, Guy.
One outcome of contemporary climate trends is that the involvement of hypoxia and heat tolerance in determining individual fitness will increase in many fish populations. Large fish are believed to be more tolerant to hypoxia than small fish (Nilsson and Ostlund-Nilsson, 2008) whereas thermal sensitivity is thought to decrease with body size (Clark et al., 2008). To better understand the bases of inter-individual variation in environmental adaptation performance, the current study examined hypoxia and heat tolerance in a fast growing (FGS; 288.3 +/- 14.4 g, 26.04 +/- 0.49 cm) and a slow growing (SGS; 119.95 +/- 6.41 g; 20.98 +/- 0.41 cm) strain of 1-year old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This examination was conducted using two standardized...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Fish; Hypoxia; Temperature; Trade-off; Growth; Body size.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00130/24104/22371.pdf

Fish life-history traits are affected after chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally realistic marine mixture of PCBs and PBDEs
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Horri, Khaled; Alfonso, Sebastien; Cousin, Xavier; Munschy, Catherine; Loizeau, Veronique; Aroua, Salima; Begout, Marie-laure; Ernande, Bruno.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants that have been shown to affect fish life-history traits such as reproductive success, growth and survival. At the individual level, their toxicity and underlying mechanisms of action have been studied through experimental exposure. However, the number of experimental studies approaching marine environmental situations is scarce, i.e., in most cases, individuals are exposed to either single congeners, or single types of molecules, or high concentrations, so that results can hardly be transposed to natural populations. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally realistic marine mixture of PCB and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Contaminants; Body length; Condition; Fertilization rate; Energy allocation; Trade-off.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00396/50694/51450.pdf

Altitudinal distribution and body resource allocation in a High Mountain social wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Rodríguez-Jimenez,Andrea; Sarmiento,Carlos E.
Jame's rule proposes a direct relationship between body size and altitude. There are several studies about this rule; however, few studies analyze proportional changes in body parts along gradients. The morphological variation of Agelaia pallipes (Olivier) in five sites along an altitudinal gradient (2600-3380 m) in the Santuario de Iguaque, Colombia, were studied in order to test whether or not the species follows Jame's rule, and whether body parts follow a homogeneous variation. Body variation analysis was conducted through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the relationship between altitude and each morphometric measurement was studied through regression analyses. The MANOVA indicated significant differences among sites. An increase in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Jame's rule; Bergmann's rule; Altitudinal gradient; Agelaia; Trade-off.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2008000100001

Turning Water into Carbon: Carbon sequestration vs. water flow in the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schrobback,   Peggy; Adamson,   David; Quiggin,   John C.
Large scale forest plantations in the Murray-Darling Basin may be embraced as a carbon sequestration mechanism under a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. However, increased tree plantation will be associated with reduced inflows to river systems because of increased transpiration, interception and evaporation. Therefore, an unregulated change in land management is most likely to have a dramatic impact on the water availability. This will exacerbate the impacts of climate change projected in the Garnaut Review. This paper examines the implications of unrestricted changes in land use. These results should suggest the true costs to society from carbon sequestration by determining the tradeoffs between timber production and agricultural products.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Murray-Darling Basin; Carbon sequestration; Forest plantation; Irrigated agriculture; Water flow; Trade-off; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47616

The Quality-Quantity Trade-off in the Principal-Agent Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olmos,   Marta Fernandez; Martinez,   Jorge Rosell.
This paper uses the principal-agent theory to analytically investigate the optimal incentive-based compensation contract that a processor should offer to a grower performing efforts in quantity and quality. In this process, we contribute to the substantive literature on multi-task principal-agent models by analyzing the quality-quantity trade-off and studying the implications of such a relationship in the principal-agent framework. One striking result of these effects is that, under appropriate incentive-based grower’s compensation, the processor may encourage grower’s effort in quality without crowding out grower’s effort in quantity.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Quality; Quantity; Trade-off; Incentive contract; Principal-agent framework; Uncertainty; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; D86.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118578

The complexities in environmental decision-making for the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schrobback,   Peggy; Mallawaarachchi,   Thilak; Quiggin,   John C.
People are part of a complex natural system and have the ability to actively interfere with their environment. Collective decisions made by governments represent social rules that limit the extent of people's interference with the environment that support them. Environmental decisions made by governments usually carry an ethical bias and are limited by the perception of the risks and uncertainties that may affect society's well-being in the medium to long run. The recently published Guide to the proposed Basin Plan represents a draft for a legislative instrument that aims to reclaim some of the water back onto the environment to safeguard declining natural ecosystems in the Murray-Darling Basin. By limiting diversions into agricultural uses, irrigators in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental decision-making; Uncertainty; Risk; Trade-off; Collective choices; Resilience; Murray-Darling Basin; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100708

Pollen has higher water content when dispersed in a tricellular state than in a bicellular state
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Williams,Joseph H.; Brown,Chandler D.
ABSTRACT Pollen is generally dispersed in a sexually immature and somewhat dehydrated, metabolically quiescent state. Yet, in some species, pollen at anthesis is well-hydrated and metabolically active, and in 30 % of angiosperms pollen is dispersed after having formed its sperm cells. Pollen water content and sexual maturity may be correlated, either because both are subject to trade-offs between dispersal viability and post-pollination performance, or because the traits display developmental linkages. We inferred relative water content of sexually immature (“bicellular”) and sexually mature (“tricellular”) pollen of 30 species of angiosperms using a hydration index (HI) that ranges from zero to one, based on how near fresh pollen volume is to its minimal...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Desiccation stress; Evolution of development; Pollen dispersal; Pollen germination; Pollen hydration; Spore dormancy; Trade-off.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062018000300454