Consulta: subjectFacets:"Z13"
Registros recuperados: 50
Data/hora: 02/06/2024 12:39:17

The Fragility of Social Capital
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Sabatini,   Fabio; Sodini,   Mauro.
This paper addresses two hot topics of the contemporary debate, social capital and economic growth. Our theoretical analysis sheds light on decisive but so far neglected issues: how does social capital accumulate over time? Which is the relationship between social capital, technical progress and economic growth in the long run? The analysis shows that the economy may be attracted by alternative steady states, depending on the initial social capital endowments and cultural exogenous parameters representing the relevance of social interaction and trust in well-being and production. When material consumption and relational goods are substitutable, the choice to devote more and more time to private activities may lead the economy to a “social poverty trap”,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Technical Progress; Social Interactions; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A13; D03; O43; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50401

The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Performance of Agricultural Producers in the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Pencakova,   Jitka.
In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. Private farms have been established since the change of the political regime, but their role is not that relevant as originally anticipated. Among both groups, some have been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of pr oduction factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C21; P0; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25767

Investing in Livestock Development in Water-Scarce Semi-Arid Watersheds: Technological, Institutional and Policy Dimensions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Puskur,   Ranjitha.
Watershed Development Programmes (WDPs) in India were conceived as tools for correcting the regional imbalances in agricultural development created by Green Revolution, through investments in soil and water conservation (SWC) and natural resource management (NRM) in rainfed areas. Though the overall impact of WDPs has been positive and significant, with increase in physical and economic access to groundwater, landless and marginal households hardly benefited from watershed development. Recent evidence points out that in many watersheds inequities increased, since for non-land owning and -well owning households access to drinking water, grazing lands and other natural resources decreased. This paper is based on a research project carried out by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Watersheds; Livestock; Environment; Livelihoods; Markets; Services; Livestock Production/Industries; O13; Q56; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25724

Does Social Capital Mitigate Precariousness?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sabatini,   Fabio.
There is a surprising gap in the economic literature on social capital. First, we lack studies addressing the effects of social capital on those facets of development that can contribute in making growth more sustainable in the long run, like, for example, human development and social cohesion. Second, it is still unclear what type of networks may exert a positive effect on the different dimensions of development. In particular, the literature has not yet provided a rigorous assessment of the role of strong family ties, that are generally referred to as a form of bonding social capital causing backwardness. This paper carries out an empirical investigation into the relationship between the three types of social capital so far identified by the literature...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Human development; Labour market; Precariousness; Italy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Risk and Uncertainty; J24; O15; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6358

Social Connections and Group Banking
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.
Lending to the poor is expensive due to high screening, monitoring, and enforcement costs. Group lending advocates believe lenders overcome this by harnessing social connections. Using data from FINCA-Peru, I exploit a quasi-random group formation process to find evidence of peers successfully monitoring and enforcing joint-liability loans. Individuals with stronger social connections to their fellow group members (i.e., either living closer or being of a similar culture) have higher repayment and higher savings. Furthermore, I observe direct evidence that relationships deteriorate after default, and that through successful monitoring, individuals know who to punish and who not to punish after default.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Group lending; Informal savings; Social capital; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; O12; O16; O17; Z13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28522

Gender Issue and Water Management in the Mediterranean Basin, Middle East and North Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minoia,   Giulia.
This article aims to investigate some aspects of the social process related to water resources management and gender relations. Given that gender and water management are interrelated issues exposed to a growing attention at the international level, it is therefore necessary to identify relations between the academic literature, the institutional framework and the field-based research. This document has been inspired by the Nostrum DSS project (Network on Governance, Science and Technology for Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean), a Co-ordination Action funded by the European Commission, which involves eighteen partners from the North and South shores of the basin. As the scope of the project is to disseminate Best Practice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Gender; Regional Development Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; J16; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9556

Trust and Control Dynamics in Agrifood Supply Networks: Communication Strategies for Electronic Transaction Environments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritz,   Melanie; Hausen,   Tobias.
Agrifood supply networks are dynamic structures where firms regularly face the need to search for new market partners. A decision for a transaction with a new partner requires the existence of appropriate control and safeguard mechanisms as well as trust to overcome perceived risk and uncertainties. Electronic transaction environments offer new potentials for the identification of new transaction partners. However, trust and control need to be communicated appropriately in electronic transaction environments for agrifood supply network scenarios. Problems for appropriate communication are posed by the complex interrelation between trust and control in transaction processes and their dynamically changing importance in a transaction relation. This paper...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Markets Marketing; Marketing; Technological Change; Social Norms; Social Capital; E-Commerce; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Q13; O3; Z13; L81.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25509

Does Social Capital Create Trust? Evidence from a Community of Entrepreneurs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sabatini,   Fabio.
Which kind of social capital fosters the diffusion of development-oriented trust? This paper carries out an empirical investigation into the causal relationships connecting four types of social capital (i.e. bonding, bridging, linking, and corporate), and different forms of trust (knowledge-based trust, social trust, trust towards public services and political  institutions), in a community of entrepreneurs located in the Italian industrial district of the Tuscia. Our results suggest that the main factors fostering the diffusion of social trust among entrepreneurs are the perception that the local community is a safe place, and the establishment of corporate ties through professional associations. Trust in people is positively and significantly correlated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trust; Social capital; Safety; Professional associations; Entrepreneurship; Corporate ties; Group and Interpersonal Processes; Social Perception and Cognition; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; J24; O15; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52340

The Impact of Social Capital on Agricultural Income Among Corporate Farms in the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Reinsberg,   Klaus.
In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. However, not all of them had been equally successful, economically. In general, a varying adoption of production factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analysed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 166 corporate farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the level of agricultural income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C31; P32; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24695

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dufhues,   Thomas; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Fischer,   Isabel.
Social capital has been recently held up as a conceptual framework to build a bridge between the diverse disciplines involved in rural development. However, despite its potential and the impressively rapid take-up of the concept by the community of development professionals, it remains an elusive construct. No definition is yet generally accepted and many definitions are in use. Recently, social capital in the form of social networks has gained much attention in rural development theory and empirical research. But social networks or structural components of social capital are a largely missing dimension in income and poverty analysis. Moreover, most research on social capital assumes that it is a uniform entity. Therefore, the effects of different forms of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sozialkapital; Individuelles Sozialkapital; Sozialkapitalmessung; Ego-zentriertes Netzwerk; Soziale Netzwerke; Social capital; Individual social capital; Measuring social capital; Ego-network; Social networks; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; D85; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92017

Informal Insurance in the Presence of Poverty Traps: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Paulo; Barrett,   Christopher B.
Fieldwork for this paper was conducted under the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL CRSP), funded by the Office of Agriculture and Food Security, Global Bureau, USAID, under grant number DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00, and analysis was underwritten by the USAID SAGA cooperative agreement, grant number HFM-A-00-01-00132-00. Financial support was also provided by the Social Science Research Council's Program in Applied Economics on Risk and Development (through a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation), The Pew Charitable Trusts (through the Christian Scholars Program of the University of Notre Dame), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), and the Graduate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Informal insurance; Social networks; Poverty traps; Ethiopia; Risk and Uncertainty; Z13; I3; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25487

Identifying the Factors that Influence Small-scale Farmers’ Transaction Costs in Relation to Seed Acquisition - An ethnographic case study of maize growing smallholders in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badstue,   Lone B.
Using an ethnographic approach, this study explores small-scale farmers’ perceived transaction costs in relation to maize seed acquisition in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca. These farmers have different needs and require seed of diverse maize types with multiple traits in particular combinations. Formal seed distribution has yet to develop in this region and farmers depend mostly on informal seed sources. Issues of information about maize seed, seed transaction negotiation and enforcement are examined from a small-scale farmer perspective through the use of qualitative data. Results show that farmers’ perceived transaction costs are low to negligible in most cases where seed transactions take place locally, and trust is indicated as a factor which serves to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Small-scale farmers; Transaction costs; Seed acquisitions; Maize (Zea mays L.); Informal seed sector; Oaxaca; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D23; O17; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23800

Bilingualism and Communicative Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabszewicz,   Jean; Ginsburgh,   Victor; Weber,   Shlomo.
We examine patterns of acquiring non-native languages in a model with two languages and two populations with heterogeneous learning skills, where every individual faces a binary choice of learning the foreign language or refraining from doing so. We show that both interior and corner linguistic equilibria can emerge in our framework, and that the fraction of learners of the foreign language is higher in the country with a higher gross cost adjusted communicative benefit. It turns out that this observation is consistent with the data on language proficiency in bilingual countries such as Belgium and Canada. We also point out that linguistic equilibria can exhibit insufficient learning which opens the door for government policies that are beneficial for both...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Communicative Benefits; Linguistic Equilibrium; Learning Costs; Labor and Human Capital; C72; D83; O52; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6380

Asthma Management Survey of Participants in an Inner City Asthma Intervention
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadof,   Matthew; Brandt,   Sylvia J.
Background:  The Inner City Asthma Intervention (ICAI) was a national multi-center implementation of an evidence-based intervention to reduce asthma morbidity. Objective: This study describes mitigating behaviors and reported outcomes in families with asthma who completed the intervention and a post-intervention survey at one of the ICAI sites. Results: Eighty percent (0.72- 0.88, 95% confidence interval) of these families made five or more changes to mitigate exposure to environmental asthma triggers. The majority of families (0.84-0.96, 95% confidence interval) reported an improved awareness of asthma symptoms and less school absences, limitations of activity, unplanned doctor visits, and asthma related sleep disruption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asthma; Health intervention; Health behavior; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14526

Explaining the Conversion to Organic Farming of Farmers of the Obwalden Canton, Switzerland -  Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior within a Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tutkun,   Aysel; Lehmann,   Bernard; Schmidt,   Peter.
Farmers' decisions about conversion to organic farming are analyzed with a structural equation model. The Theory of Planned Behavior (ToPB), one of the prominent theories in the social psychology, is used as the theoretical basis of this study. Though ToPB is a well-defined theory, it is static rather than procedural and cannot model the individual decision-making as a process. Therefore, we first examine the general applicability of ToPB in an agricultural context and explain the variance in intentions of farmers to convert to organic farming. Second, we extend the ToPB to make it more procedural. For this purpose, research findings from the Diffusion Theory are included as part of the behavioral model. The empirical results indicate that, overall, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Behavior research; Conversion to particularly animal friendly stabling system; Theory of planned behavior; Diffusion theory; Structural equation modelling; Farm Management; C8; D1; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25313

Trust and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dincer,   Oguzhan C.; Uslaner,   Eric.
Using data from US states, we find a positive relationship between trust and growth. According to our results, a 10 percentage point increase in trust increases the growth rate of per capita income by 0.5 percentage point, growth rate of housing prices by 1.25 percentage points, and the growth rate of employment by 2.5 percentage points over a decade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trust; Economic Growth; International Development; Z13; R11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9094

The Role of Customary Institutions in Managing Conflict on Grazing Land: A Study from Mieso District, Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu.
This paper examines interethnic conflict on grazing land previously accessed as common property.   The study was undertaken in Mieso District of eastern Ethiopia where two ethnic groups experience different production systems – pastoral and agropastoral. Game theoretic approach and analytic narratives have been used as analytical tools. Results show that the historical change in land use by one of the ethnic groups, resource scarcity, violation of customary norms, power asymmetry and livestock raids are some of the factors that have contributed to the recurrence of the conflict. The role of raids in triggering conflict and restricting access to grazing area becomes particularly important. Socio-economic and political factors are responsible for power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Conflict; Grazing land; Power asymmetry; Access rights; Customary institutions; Mieso; Ethiopia; Africa; Land Economics/Use; O17; Z13; Q15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7703

Changing Attitudes: Does Personal Experience Matter? A Structural Equilibrium Equation Modeling Approach with Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tutkun,   Aysel.
Conversion to particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS) is one of the programs for which Swiss farmers receive direct payments from the government. This conversion to PAFS is analysed within a structural equation model in order to 1) review the link between intention to convert and observed conversion behavior, 2) prove the influence of personal experience on changing attitudes and norms, after having converted. The behavior model encompasses three theoretical constructs which influence the Behaviour: Attitude  toward PAFS and Subjective Norm  regarding PAFS, which both affect Intention  to perform PAFS. Lastly, Intention  influences the Behavior, i.e. observed conversion to PAFS. These variables are available for two time points, so one can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Subjective norm; Personal experience; Observed behavior; Conversion to particularly animal friendly stabling; Theory of reasoned action; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; C8; D1; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7971

SME Performance, Innovation and Networking Evidence on Complementarities for a Local Economic System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Mancinelli,   Susanna.
The paper addresses the relevancy of networking activities and R&amp;D as main drivers of productivity performance and ouput innovation, for small and medium enterprises (SME) playing in a local economic system. Given the intangible nature of many techno organisational innovation and networking strategies, original recent survey data for manufacturing and services are exploited. The aim is to provide new evidence on the complementarity relationships concerning different networking activities and R&amp;D in a local SME oriented system in Northern Italy. We first introduce a methodological framework to empirically test complementarity among R&amp;D and networking, in a discrete setting. Secondly, we consequently present empirical evidence on productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Firm Competitiveness; Innovation; R&amp;D; Networking; Complementarity; Local Economic System; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D21; L25; O3; O14; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9554

Institutional Analysis of Swidden: The Case of Swiddners in Orissa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jyotishi,   A.
Swidden being a widespread form of land use in the tropics comprehensively defining it become a difficult task. Its characteristics embrace different types of topography, demographic feature, ethnic and ecological diversities. It also varies in terms of cropping pattern, frequency of land use, tools and methods of practice. It is argued that the institutions governing swidden are static in nature and do not adapt to the requirements of the changing ecological and social needs. This necessitates understanding what characterise institutions in a traditional swiddening society, and hence, changes in these characteristics to appreciate whether swidden is a static form of agriculture or changing over the time and space. There are a few aspects, which underscore...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Swidden; Institution; Land-use; Property-rights; Market-integration; Orissa; Farm Management; O13; N55; Q10; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25763

Do Social Relations Affect Economic Welfare? A Microeconomic Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoni,   Giacomo Degli.
Over the last few years, many studies have shown that social networks affect the socioeconomic development. This paper presents evidence, through the Italian microdata representative of the entire Italian population, that the quality and quantity of interpersonal relations of agents can increase their economic welfare. Two proxies of interpersonal relations at an individual level are considered: a proxy for the density and one for the quality of network structure of personal contacts. Both seem to have a positive effect on the level of household economic welfare of agents. This result proves robust to the inclusion of a variety of control variables and to the use of different econometric methods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Networks; Social Interactions; Household Economic Welfare; Microdata; Fuzzy Logic; Labor and Human Capital; D10; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9330

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

Social Capital and Farmer Welfare in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yokoyama,   Shigeki; Ali,   Abu Kasim.
Effects of social capital (SC hereinafter) on household welfare (rice yield, income, health) were examined in rice granary area of south peninsula Malaysia. SC is categorized into eight types by its form (structural and cognitive) and function (birding, linking, and bracing). OLS is used for estimation on randomly selected 60 household data. As for self-rated health status, those attending more community activity (bonding structural SC) appear less healthy, seemingly that old farmers normally have more time to spend on community activities and they are more loyal to their organization. Those who highly evaluate bureaucratic organization (linking cognitive SC) are relatively healthier. Frequency of attending community activities (bonding structural SC) and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; I3; O13; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25323

Inside the 'Black Box' of Project Star: Estimation of Peer Effects Using Experimental Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boozer,   Michael A.; Cacciola,   Stephen E.
The credible identification of endogenous peer group effects— i.e. social multiplier or feedback effects —has long eluded social scientists. We argue that such effects are most credibly identified by a randomly assigned social program which operates at differing intensities within and between peer groups. The data we use are from Project STAR, a class size reduction experiment conducted in Tennessee elementary schools. In these data, classes were comprised of varying fractions of students who had previously been exposed to the Small class treatment, creating class groupings of varying experimentally induced quality. We use this variation in class group quality to estimate the spillover effect. We find that when allowance is made for this ‘feedback’ effect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Peer effects; Data with a group structure; Organization of schooling; Experimental evidence; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Z13; C51; C81; I21; C23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28524

The influence of migration processes on rural development: a case study from Scotland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Thompson,   Kenneth J.
In the past, much rural development planning has relied on the concept of growth poles. With the “new rural paradigm”, we find that place-specific development and bottom-up approaches have become more popular than ever. Such place-based development often envisages the use of social capital. However, insofar as social capital is a local asset that is incorporated in individuals, it can easily be destroyed but not easily rebuilt. Continued out-migration and low in-migration into rural areas can have detrimental effects on social capital, and subsequently weaken bottom-up processes in the short and medium term.  This paper - based on a survey of 1412 persons in northern Scotland - suggests that intensified migratory processes destroy social capital in rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Social capital; Rural Scotland; New rural paradigm; Trust; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R23; R58; Z13; D71.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94914

”Thou shalt not covet ...”: Prohibitions, Temptation and Moral Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cervellati,   Matteo; Vanin,   Paolo.
We propose a theory studying temptation in presence of both externally and internally sanctioned prohibitions. Moral values that (internally) sanction prohibited actions and their desire may increase utility by reducing self-control costs, thereby serving as partial commitment devices. We apply the model to crime and study the conditions under which agents would optimally adhere to moral values of honesty. Incentives to be moral are non- monotonic in the crime premium. Larger external punishments increase temptation and demand for morality, so that external and internal sanctions are complements. The model helps rationalizing stylized facts that proved difficult to explain with available theories.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Prohibitions; Temptation; Self-Control; Moral Values; Crime; Labor and Human Capital; D03; K42; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90905

Leadership May Have Decisive Influence on Successful Transition of Production Cooperative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forgacs,   Csaba.
In Hungary increasing number of coops have gone bankruptcy or split up after meeting new legal needs because of not being competitive under market conditions after radical reforms. Others, however, could maintain previous level of farming or even increase it. Former coop members and individual farmers have also established new coops using bottom up approach. The paper discusses the importance of leadership of coops with different background which not well addressed in the literature. It took into account that old type produce coops had not only been an economic unit but a social network of people as well giving a special character to the coop. Two cases, one of an old and, one of a new coop, as success stories, were used and comparison of their development...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Transformation of coops; Leadership; Producing coops; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Z13; Q10; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25634

A Social Network Analysis of Occupational Segregation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Leij,   Marco J.; Buhai,   I. Sebastian.
We develop a social network model of occupational segregation between different social groups, generated by the existence of positive inbreeding bias among individuals from the same group. If network referrals are important for job search, then expected homophily in the contact network structure induces different career choices for individuals from different social groups. This further translates into stable occupational segregation equilibria in the labor market. We derive the conditions for wage and unemployment inequality in the segregation equilibria and characterize first and second best social welfare optima. Surprisingly, we find that socially optimal policies involve segregation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Homophily; Inbreeding Bias; Occupational Segregation; Labor Market Inequality; Social Welfare; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; J24; J31; J70; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6224

Naive Learning in Social Networks: Convergence, Influence and Wisdom of Crowds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Matthew O.; Golub,   Benjamin; Jackson,   Matthew O.
We study learning and influence in a setting where agents communicate according to an arbitrary social network and naively update their beliefs by repeatedly taking weighted averages of their neighbors' opinions. A focus is on conditions under which beliefs of all agents in large societies converge to the truth, despite their naive updating. We show that this happens if and only if the influence of the most influential agent in the society is vanishing as the society grows. Using simple examples, we identify two main obstructions which can prevent this. By ruling out these obstructions, we provide general structural conditions on the social network that are sufficient for convergence to truth. In addition, we show how social influence changes when some...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Learning; Diffusion; Bounded Rationality; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D85; D83; A14; L14; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9101

How Homophily Affects Learning and Diffusion in Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Benjamin; Jackson,   Matthew O.
We examine how three different communication processes operating through social networks are affected by homophily - the tendency of individuals to associate with others similar to themselves. Homophily has no effect if messages are broadcast or sent via shortest paths; only connection density matters. In contrast, homophily substantially slows learning based on repeated averaging of neighbors' information and Markovian diffusion processes such as the Google random surfer model. Indeed, the latter processes are strongly affected by homophily but completely independent of connection density, provided this density exceeds a low threshold. We obtain these results by establishing new results on the spectra of large random graphs and relating the spectra to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Networks; Learning; Diffusion; Homophily; Friendships; Social Networks; Random Graphs; Mixing Time; Convergence; Speed of Learning; Speed of Convergence; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D83; D85; I21; J15; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50718

The Impact of Social Capital on the Implicit Price Paid by the Italian Consumer for Fair Trade Coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosbach,   Moritz; Maietta,   Ornella Wanda.
Consumers in developed countries are increasingly interested in the consumption of food products incorporating ethical aspects, particularly fair trade products. These products are usually distributed in a network of World Shops and, more recently, in supermarkets and shopping centres. The fair trade product with the highest market share is coffee. This study aims to ascertain the implicit price paid by Italian consumers for the fair trade content of coffee and how this implicit price is influenced by the level of social capital of the territory where consumers live. The data utilised are scanner data, based on the purchase at supermarkets and shopping centres observed from 2005 to 2007, referred to a territorial unit that is the province. Since scanner...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic price; Coffee; Fair trade; Scanner data; Italian consumers; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; C50; D12; L66; Z13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114371

Evaluating Multifunctional Activities as Rural Institution in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ohe,   Yasuo.
The relationship between multifunctionality and the roles of rural communities has not been discussed fully although the connection between the two is an essential issue in the rural policy arena. Pursuing this issue, this paper considers that multifunctional hamlet activities are generated as institutional joint products within the hamlet. Also evaluated is the connection between multifunctional activities and institutional hamlet conditions under the Japanese direct payment program for less favored areas. Results of conceptual considerations and empirical evaluations reveal that specific multifunctional hamlet activities depend on hamlet conditions; those on the least favorable level tend to perform land preservation activities while those under the most...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Rural community; Institution; Jointness; Diversification; Human resources; Direct payment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q19; R0; Z13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25468

Women’s Rights and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez,   Raquel.
Why has the expansion of women’s economic and political rights coincided with economic development? This paper investigates this question, focusing on a key economic right for women: property rights. The basic hypothesis is that the process of development (i.e., capital accumulation and declining fertility) exacerbated the tension in men’s conflicting interests as husbands versus fathers, ultimately resolving them in favor of the latter. As husbands, men stood to gain from their privileged position in a patriarchal world whereas, as fathers, they were hurt by a system that afforded few rights to their daughters. The model predicts that declining fertility would hasten reform of women’s property rights whereas legal systems that were initially more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Women’s Rights; Property Rights; Economic Development; Labor and Human Capital; D1; O1; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90943

Solidarity Economies in Marche, Italy: current trends and perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belletti,   Matteo; Orazi,   Francesco; Socci,   Marco; Giovagnoli,   Marco; Pojaghi,   Barbara.
The paper illustrates selected results of an exploratory research study coordinated by the “Solidarity Economy Network” of the Marche Region in Italy (REES Marche) in 2010-2011. The study was funded by Banca Popolare Etica, it involved three Universities of the Region (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Università di Macerata, Università di Camerino), adopting an interdisciplinary approach. It aimed at investigating the cultural, economic and political determinants that characterize the world of critical consumption, examining a sample of 20 GAS (Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, Solidarity Purchasing Groups), 182 GAS members and 50 firms (among which 20 agricultural GAS suppliers). Data was collected through ad hoc questionnaires, in depth interviews and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Critical consumption; Active citizenship; Territorial networks; Alternative and non-market relations; Short food supply chain; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; A13; D12; Z13; Q12; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124127

Gender Differences in Pro-social Behaviour: The Case of Fair-trade Food Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Devitiis,   Biagia; De Luca,   Anna Irene; Maietta,   Ornella Wanda.
Objective of this paper is to analyse the presence of gender differences in the purchase motivations of Fair Trade (FT) food products sold in the Italian World Shops (WS). At this end, a questionnaire has been distributed to a sample of consumers in four Italian regions. A bivariate ordered probit analysis has been performed in order to identify the determinants of the two main ethical motivations in the purchase: worker guarantees and solidarity. The variables used as determinants are individual and municipal characteristics. Among individual characteristics, gender is significant; among the municipal characteristics, the rate of female job market participation is also significant. These results give evidence of a gender gap in the preferences for public...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethical consumerism; Gender preferences; Fair trade; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; D12; I31; L31; Z13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114372

Social Capital and Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe Toward An Analytical Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murray,   Catherine.
The transition process in central and eastern Europe (CEE) had a profound effect on how individuals interact. Economic and social institutions have changed, requiring an adaptation process by individuals in the move toward a market economy. How each individual accesses, manipulates and uses their networks will determine the use of their social capital. Within CEE, there is a presumption of low levels of social capital. This paper was written as a conceptual framework for a research project entitled 'Integrated Development of Agricultural and Rural Institutions' (IDARI) in CEE countries. The paper exposes the emergence and maintenance of cooperative behaviour in light of rural restructuring and institutional change in CEE. A link exists between social...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Z13; D7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25647

The Solaria Syndrome: Social Capital in a Growing Hyper-technological Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Sabatini,   Fabio; Sodini,   Mauro.
We develop a dynamic model to analyze the sources and the evolution of social participation and social capital in a growing economy characterized by exogenous technical progress. Starting from the assumption that the well-being of agents basically depends on material and relational goods, we show that the best-case scenarios hold when technology and social capital both support just one of the two productions at the expenses of the other. However, trajectories are possible where technology and social interaction balance one another in fostering the growth of both the social and the private sector of the economy. Along such tracks, technology may play a crucial role in supporting a “socially sustainable” economic growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Economic Growth; Relational Goods; Social Participation; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; J22; O41; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93415

Social Capital and Soil Erosion Control in Agriculturally Marginal Areas of Kenya: The Case of Machakos and Taita-Taveta Districts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obare,   Gideon A.; Mwakubo,   Samuel M.; Ouma,   Emily Awuor; Mohammed,   Lutta; Omiti,   John M.
This paper evaluates the farmers’ perception of the soil erosion problem, and identifies and analyses social capital elements that motivate households to actively participate in soil conservation in agricultural production process. The data used in the study was generated using a structured questionnaire in a survey that covered 321 households in Kenya’s semi arid districts of Machakos and Taita-Taveta Districts.  Two modelling strategies were used: A Probit model was used to estimate the likelihoods of factors that may influence farmers’ perception of soil erosion problem, and a Tobit to estimate parameters of factors that influence terracing intensity. The results indicate that although perception of the soil erosion problem is relatively high in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Marginal areas; Soil erosion; Perception; Two-step estimation; Kenya; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C24; D23; Q15; Z13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9532

SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Pencakova,   Jitka.
The change of the political regime from the socialist central planning system to a market economy and pluralistic society required the reorganisation not only of agricultural production, but also of the organisations in their support. In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is characterised by a dualistic structure in these days, i.e. private farmers on the one side and corporate farms on the other. However, among both groups some had been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of production factors, i.e. land, labour and capital is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor, which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Landwirtschaftliche Großbetriebe; Familienbetriebe; Sozialkapital; Tschechische Republik; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; C31; P32; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91965

PEER-EFFECTS IN OBESITY AMONG PUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN: A GRADE-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asirvatham,   Jebaraj; Nayga,   Rodolfo M., Jr.; Thomsen,   Michael R.
We examine the role of peer effects in childhood obesity outcomes by investigating whether obesity rates among the highest graders in a public school has an effect on obesity rates among younger grades. We use a panel dataset with obesity prevalence measured at the grade level. Our data are from Arkansas public schools. Results provide evidence that changes in the obesity prevalence at the highest grade are associated with changes in obesity prevalence at younger grades. The magnitude of the peer effect depends on the type of school, and we find statistically significant peer effects in both elementary and high schools but not in middle schools. These effects are also larger in high schools than in elementary schools. We use falsification tests to provide...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Peer-effects; Obesity; Childhood obesity; Overweight; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D71; I10; Z13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122732

Mapping the Evolution of "Clusters": A Meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maggioni,   Mario A.; Gambarotto,   Francesca; Uberti,   Teodora Erika.
This paper presents a meta-analysis of the “cluster literature” contained in scientific journals from 1969 to 2007. Thanks to an original database we study the evolution of a stream of literature which focuses on a research object which is both a theoretical puzzle and an empirical widespread evidence. We identify different growth stages, from take-off to development and maturity. We test the existence of a life-cycle within the authorships and we discover the existence of a substitutability relation between different collaborative behaviours.  We study the relationships between a “spatial” and an “industrial” approach within the textual corpus of cluster literature and we show the existence of a “predatory” interaction. We detect the relevance of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cluster; Life-Cycle; Cluster Literature; Textual Analysis; Agglomeration; Co-Authorship; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; R12; Z13; B41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54293

Is the Just Man a Happy Man? An Empirical Study of the Relationship Between Ethics and Subjective Well-Being
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harvey,   James S., Jr.
In this paper I consider the question of whether ethical decision-making affects a person’s happiness. Using cross-country data from the World Values Survey, I find that people who agree that it is never justifiable to engage in ethically-questionable behaviors report that they are more satisfied with their life than people who are more tolerant of unethical conduct, even after controlling for other factors known to affect self-reported happiness. The size of the ethics effect is roughly similar to that of a modest increase in income, being married and attending church, while the effect is smaller than that of having poor health or being dissatisfied with one’s personal finances. These results are robust across the four countries studied (the US, Canada,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Happiness; Subjective well-being; Ethics; World Values Survey; Labor and Human Capital; D63; D99; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92617

Examining Collective Action among Mieso Agropastoralists of Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu; Hagedorn,   Konrad.
An increasing scarcity of water for crop farming and livestock watering among agropastoralists of Mieso in Eastern Ethiopia has largely disrupted their livelihoods. Indigenous water well maintenance and government initiated rainwater harvesting are two important collective actions common among these communities. With the aim of examining collective action institutions in both cases, we collected data from different stakeholders and individual members. Theoretically, low level of physical assets (action resource) limits participation of an individual in collective action. In our case, other factors such as environmental uncertainty and lower level of dependence on the resource have been found to be more significant in limiting membership than limitation of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective Action; Agropastoralists; Institutions; Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D71; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25797

Take off the heater: Utility effect and food environment effect in food consumption decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lombardini-Riipinen,   Chiara; Lankoski,   Leena.
In this paper, we describe individual food consumption decisions as driven by a utility effect and a food environment effect. To outline the utility effect, we first develop a new theoretical model of individual food consumption. Next, we introduce the food environment effect by showing how the food environment can affect food consumption decisions and how this can skew the resulting food consumption vector. Finally, we analyse manipulations of the food environment as a potential form of policy intervention. Our key result is that the food environment has several entry points in food consumption decisions and that libertarian paternalistic manipulations of the food environment can be effective, easily implemented, well-accepted and low-cost intervention...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Behavioural economics; Bounded rationality; Bounded self-control; Cognitive biases; Food choice; Food consumption; Food environment; Food intake; Health; Identity; Social norms; Visceral factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D03; D11; I18; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116431

A “masculinização” da produção de leite
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magalhaes,   Reginaldo Sales.
The strengthening of social organizations that made it possible for dairy production to become a market-driven activity has brought about deep changes in the sexual division of labour. The sociological analysis of the changes in family-farming intra-household roles shows that cultural traditions, gender-related power gaps, and social contexts that further deepen differences in market access between men and women are the social and cultural foundations of a hierarchy structured according to sex and generation, where women, especially the youngest, occupy greatly disadvantageous positions. With the strengthening of cooperatives, dairy production began to occupy a rather important role in providing resources to the household, yet the control over the activity...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gender; Markets; Economic sociology.; Agribusiness; Z1; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60822

Trust in Authorities Monitoring the Distribution of Genetically Modified Foods: Dimensionality, Measurement Issues, and Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bocker,   Andreas; Nocella,   Giuseppe.
Based on a combined internet and mail survey in Germany the independence of indicators of trust in public authorities from indicators of attitudes toward genetically modified food is tested. Despite evidence of a link between trust indicators on the one hand and evaluation of benefits and perceived likelihoods of risks, correlation with other factors is found to be moderate on average. But the trust indicators exhibit only a moderate relation with the respondents' preference for either sole public control or a cooperation of public and private bodies in the monitoring of GM food distribution. Instead, age and location in either the New or the Old Lander are found to be significantly related with such preferences.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer trust; Genetically modified foods; Monitoring; Food safety; Agricultural and Food Policy; D18; Z13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24605

A relevância da família como unidade de análise nos estudos sobre pluriatividade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattei,   Lauro Francisco.
The pluriactivity phenomenon has been more studied in Brazil in the 1990’s, when increased the papers about it in many regions of the country. The main issue related with the pluriactivity theme is the relevant unit of analyses. In according to the international literature, this article defends the idea that the family, and not the production unit, should be the north of the studies of pluriactivity in the Brazilian family farming.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pluriactivity; Family; Rurality.; Agribusiness; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61928

Weaknesses in Institutional Organization: Explaining the Dismal Performance of Kenya's Coffee Cooperatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mude,   Andrew G.
In this paper, we use the experience of Kenya's failing Coffee Cooperatives to show that, under certain circumstances, membership based organizations can give rise to perverse incentives that undermine the benefits of organizing and lead to a reduction in member productivity and welfare. We identify certain features of the institutional environment underlying Kenya's coffee cooperatives that facilitate rent-seeking behavior. The lack of a formal regulatory structure with credible enforcement mechanisms, the presence of informal electoral practices conducive to vote-buying, and the legal support for local monopsonies that facilitates exploitive pricing all contribute to the dismal performance of Kenya's coffee cooperatives. Using a data set of more than 200...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Cooperatives; Decentralization; Rent-Seeking; Technical Inefficiency; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D7; Q13; Q18; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25306

A History of Violence: Testing the ‘Culture of Honor’ in the US South
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grosjean,   Pauline.
Using historical data on early settlers to the United States, this paper tests and confirms the “Culture of Honor” hypothesis by socio-psychologists Dov Cohen and Richard Nisbett (1994, 1996). This hypothesis argues that the high prevalence of homicides in the US South stems from the fact that it was a frontier region settled by people whose economy was based on herding: the Scotch-Irish. Herding societies develop cultures of honors for reasons having to do with their precariousness: violence is a necessary condition to preserve a reputation for toughness and deter animal theft. Using historical census data on waves of settlers from Europe and relating contemporaneous violence to early Scotch-Irish settlers, this paper provides a test of the link between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Culture of honor; US South; Labor and Human Capital; K4; Z; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90902

Juvenile Delinquency and Conformism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patacchini,   Eleonora; Zenou,   Yves.
This paper studies whether conformism behavior affects individual outcomes in crime. We present a social network model of peer effects with ex-ante heterogeneous agents and show how conformism and deterrence affect criminal activities. We then bring the model to the data by using a very detailed dataset of adolescent friendship networks. A novel social network-based empirical strategy allows us to identify peer effects for different types of crimes. We find that conformity plays an important role for all crimes, especially for petty crimes. This suggests that, for juvenile crime, an effective policy should not only be measured by the possible crime reduction it implies but also by the group interactions it engenders.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Linear-in-means Model; Spatial Autoregressive Model; Social Norms; Labor and Human Capital; A14; C21; D85; K42; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90945