Consulta: typeFacets:"Peer-Reviewed Insight"
Registros recuperados: 172
Data/hora: 05/06/2024 04:40:54

Toward a new conceptualization of household adaptive capacity to climate change: applying a risk governance lens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elrick-Barr, Carmen E; University of the Sunshine Coast; celrick@usc.edu.au; Preston, Benjamin L; Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; prestonbl@ornl.gov; Thomsen, Dana C; University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F.; University of the Sunshine Coast; TSmith5@usc.edu.au.
Increasing evidence highlights the importance of context-specific understanding of the impacts of climate change and the need to move beyond generalized assumptions regarding the nature and utility of adaptive capacity in facilitating adaptation. The household level of impact and response is an under-researched context, despite influential decisions affecting local and system vulnerability being made at this scale. Assessments of household adaptive capacity currently assess the influences of adaptive capacity or the influences on adaptive capacity in isolation. We argue that comprehensive assessments need to examine these influences in combination to capture a dynamic and integrated view of households that better reflects their positioning and role(s) in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Household; Multi-scale.
Ano: 2014

The Significance of Context in Community-Based Research: Understanding Discussions about Wildfire in Huslia, Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huntington, Henry P; Huntington Consulting; hph@alaska.net; Trainor, Sarah F; University of Alaska Fairbanks; fnsft@uaf.edu; Natcher, David C; Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland; dnatcher@mun.ca; Huntington, Orville H; Alaska Native Science Commission; o.huntington@att.net; DeWilde, La'ona; Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council;; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu.
Community workshops are widely used tools for collaborative research on social-ecological resilience in indigenous communities. Although results have been reported in many publications, few have reflected explicitly on the workshop itself, and specifically on understanding what is said during a workshop. Drawing on experience from workshops held in Huslia, Alaska in 2004 on wildfire and climate change, we discuss the importance of considering cultural, political, and epistemological context when analyzing statements made by indigenous people in community workshops. We provide examples of statements whose meaning and intent were, and may remain, unclear, with descriptions of our attempts to understand what was being said by placing the statements in a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Cross-cultural communication; Indigenous knowledge; Wildfire; Workshops.
Ano: 2006

Production Flexibility in Extensive Beef Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Extensive farming system; Livestock production system; Mix flexibility; Process flexibility.
Ano: 2011

An integrated framework for sustainable development goals
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Griggs, David; Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University; dave.griggs@monash.edu; Stafford Smith, Mark; CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship; mark.staffordsmith@csiro.au; Gaffney, Owen; International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme; owen.gaffney@igbp.kva.se; Glaser, Gisbert; International Council for Science; gisbert.glaser@icsu.org; Kanie, Norichika; Tokyo Institute of Technology; United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies; kanie@valdes.titech.ac.jp; Noble, Ian; Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index; Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University; iannoble@me.com; Steffen, Will; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; will.steffen@anu.edu.au; Shyamsundar, Priya; South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics; priyas@sandeeonline.org.
The United Nations (UN) Rio+20 summit committed nations to develop a set of universal sustainable development goals (SDGs) to build on the millennium development goals (MDGs) set to expire in 2015. Research now indicates that humanity&amp;#8217;s impact on Earth&amp;#8217;s life support system is so great that further global environmental change risks undermining long-term prosperity and poverty eradication goals. Socioeconomic development and global sustainability are often posed as being in conflict because of trade-offs between a growing world population, as well as higher standards of living, and managing the effects of production and consumption on the global environment. We have established a framework for an evidence-based architecture for new goals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Development; Environment; Sustainability; Sustainable development; Sustainable development goals.
Ano: 2014

Social Resilience and Commercial Fishers&amp;#8217; Responses to Management Changes in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sutton, Stephen G; James Cook University; stephen.sutton@jcu.edu.au; Tobin, Renae C; James Cook University; renae.tobin@jcu.edu.au.
Understanding how social resilience influences resource users&amp;#8217; responses to policy change is  important for ensuring the sustainability of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems and resource-dependent communities. We use the conceptualization and operationalization of social resilience proposed by Marshall and Marshall (2007) to investigate how resilience level influenced commercial fishers&amp;#8217; perceptions about and adaptation to the 2004 rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 114 commercial and charter fishers to measure their social resilience level and their responses and adaptation strategies to the 2004 zoning plan. Fishers with higher resilience were more likely to believe that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Commercial fishing; Great Barrier Reef; Marine protected area zoning; Social resilience.
Ano: 2012

The Role of Ecological Science in Environmental Policy Making:  from a Pacification toward a Facilitation Strategy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hanssen, Lucien; Deining Societal Communication; deining@wxs.nl; van Katwijk, Marieke M.; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University; m.vankatwijk@science.ru.nl.
Based on a Dutch case study on shellfish fishery policy making and a literature review, we expand existing guidelines for coastal zone management. We deduce constraints for handling societally contested and scientifically complex environmental issues. Our additions focus on problem structuring and handling of scientific uncertainties. Both are means to increase consensus about beliefs, ambitions, and directions for solutions.  Before policy making can take place, complex environmental issues need to become more structured by reducing either scientific uncertainty or societal dissent: the &amp;#8220;pacification strategy&amp;#8221; and the &amp;#8220;facilitation strategy,&amp;#8221; respectively. We show that the use of a pacification strategy, in which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coastal zone management; Guidelines; Problem structuring; Scientific assessment  scientific uncertainty; Societal dissent; Stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2009

Multilevel processes and cultural adaptation: examples from past and present small-scale societies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Balbo, Andrea L; Climate Change and Security (CLISEC), KlimaCampus, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg; Complexity and Socioecological Dynamics (CaSEs), IMF-CSIC; balbo@cantab.net; Mesoudi, Alex; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter; A.Mesoudi@exeter.ac.uk; Richerson, Peter J; University of California, Davis; University College London; pjricherson@ucdavis.edu; Rubio-Campillo, Xavier; Computer Applications in Science &amp; Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC); xavier.rubio@bsc.es; Shennan, Stephen; Institute of Archaeology, University College London; s.shennan@ucl.ac.uk.
The last two decades have seen a proliferation of research frameworks that emphasise the importance of understanding adaptive processes that happen at different levels. We contribute to this growing body of literature by exploring how cultural (mal)adaptive dynamics relate to multilevel social-ecological processes occurring at different scales, where the lower levels combine into new units with new organizations, functions, and emergent properties or collective behaviors. After a brief review of the concept of &amp;#8220;cultural adaptation&amp;#8221; from the perspective of cultural evolutionary theory, the core of the paper is constructed around the exploration of multilevel processes occurring at the temporal, spatial, social, and political scales. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cultural adaptation; Cultural evolution; Multilevel selection; Resilience.
Ano: 2016

Total Environment of Change: Impacts of Climate Change and Social Transitions on Subsistence Fisheries in Northwest Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moerlein, Katie J; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks; kmoerle1@alaska.edu; Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks; clcarothers@alaska.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Climate change; Environmental anthropology; Fisheries; Human dimensions; Local knowledge; Social-ecological systems; Subsistence; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2012

Should sustainability and resilience be combined or remain distinct pursuits?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Redman, Charles L; Arizona State University, USA; Charles.Redman@asu.edu.
It has become common for sustainability science and resilience theory to be considered as complementary approaches. Occasionally the terms have been used interchangeably.  Although these two approaches share some working principles and objectives, they also are based on some distinct assumptions about the operation of systems and how we can best guide these systems into the future.  Each approach would benefit from some scholars keeping sustainability science and resilience theory separate and focusing on further developing their distinctiveness and other scholars continuing to explore them in combination. Three areas of research in which following different procedures might be beneficial are whether to prioritize outcomes or system dynamics, how best to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Resilience theory; Sustainability science; Transformation.
Ano: 2014

Competing Claims on Natural Resources: What Role for Science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Giller, Ken E.; Wageningen University; ken.giller@wur.nl; Leeuwis, Cees; Wageningen University; cees.leeuwis@wur.nl; Andersson, Jens A.; Wageningen University; University of the Witwatersrand; jens.andersson@wur.nl; Andriesse, Wim; Wageningen University;; Brouwer, Arie; Wageningen University;; Frost, Peter; University of Zimbabwe;; Hebinck, Paul; Wageningen University;; van Ittersum, Martin K.; Wageningen University;; Koning, Niek; ;; Ruben, Ruerd; ;; Slingerland, Maja; Wageningen University;; Udo, Henk; Wageningen University;; Veldkamp, Tom; Wageningen University; Tom.Veldkamp@wur.nl; van de Vijver, Claudius; Wageningen University;; van Wijk, Mark T.; Wageningen University;; Windmeijer, Pieter; Wageningen University;.
Competing claims on natural resources become increasingly acute, with the poor being most vulnerable to adverse outcomes of such competition. A major challenge for science and policy is to progress from facilitating univocal use to guiding stakeholders in dealing with potentially conflicting uses of natural resources. The development of novel, more equitable, management options that reduce rural poverty is key to achieving sustainable use of natural resources and the resolution of conflicts over them. Here, we describe an interdisciplinary and interactive approach for: (i) the understanding of competing claims and stakeholder objectives; (ii) the identification of alternative resource use options, and (iii) the scientific support to negotiation processes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agricultural science; Conflict; Ecology; Level; Methodology; Natural resource management; Scale; Social science; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2008

Water RATs (Resilience, Adaptability, and Transformability) in Lake and Wetland Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance H; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Carpenter, Steve R; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@facstaff.wisc.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Olsson, Per; Centre for Transdiciplinary Environmental Research; per@ctm.su.se; Peterson, Garry; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca.
The lakes in the northern highlands of Wisconsin, USA, the lakes and wetlands of Kristianstads Vattenrike in southern Sweden, and the Everglades of Florida, USA, provide cases that can be used to compare the linkages between ecological resilience and social dynamics. The erosion of ecological resilience in aquatic and wetland ecosystems is often a result of past management actions and is manifest as a real or perceived ecological crisis. Learning is a key ingredient in response to the loss of ecological resilience. Learning is facilitated through networks that operate in distinct arenas and are structured for dialogue, synthesis, and imaginative solutions to chart alternative futures. The networks also help counter maladaptive processes such as information...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Resilience  management  social networks  learning; Wetlands; Lakes; Wisconsin; Everglades; Florida; Sweden.
Ano: 2006

Reading Ecosystem Services at the Local Scale through a Territorial Approach: the Case of Peri-Urban Agriculture in the Thau Lagoon, Southern France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ruoso, Laure-Elise; Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia;  UMR TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRSTEA, Montpellier, France ; laure-elise.ruoso@student.uts.edu.au; Plant, Roel; Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; roel.plant@uts.edu.au; Maurel, Pierre; UMR TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRSTEA, Montpellier, France ; pierre.maurel@irstea.fr; Dupaquier, Claire; UMR TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRSTEA, Montpellier, France ; claire.dupaquier@teledetection.fr; Roche, Philip K.; UR EMAX, TR SEDYVIN, IRSTEA Aix en Provence, France; philip.roche@irstea.fr; Bonin, Muriel; UMR TETIS, CIRAD Montpellier, France; muriel.bonin@cirad.fr.
In recent years, the ecosystem services (ES) concept has become a major paradigm for natural resource management. While policy-makers demand &amp;#8220;hard&amp;#8221; monetary evidence that nature conservation would be worth investing in, ongoing attempts are being made to formalize the concept as a scientifically robust &amp;#8220;one size fits all&amp;#8221; analytical framework. These attempts have highlighted several major limitations of the ES concept. First, to date, the concept has paid little attention to the role of humans in the production of ES. Second, the ongoing formalization of the ES concept is turning it into a &amp;#8220;technology of globalization,&amp;#8221; thereby increasingly ignoring the socio-cultural context and history within...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Local land use planning; Participatory methods; Stakeholder perception; Territorial approach; Thau lagoon.
Ano: 2015

Seeking our shared wisdom: a framework for understanding knowledge coproduction and coproductive capacities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schuttenberg, H. Z.; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Sustainable International Development, University of Aberdeen, UK; currently with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), E3 Bureau, Office of Forestry and Biodiversity; Heidi.Schuttenberg@gmail.com; Guth, Heidi K.; Kai Ho&amp;#699;oulu LLLC and Polynesian Voyaging Society; HeidiKai@gmail.com.
The widespread disconnect between scientific projections of climate change and the implementation of responsive management actions has escalated calls for knowledge production processes able to exercise a stronger voice in decision making. Recently, the concept of coproduction has been championed as a potential answer. The term &amp;#8216;knowledge coproduction&amp;#8217; is used loosely in the literature to describe an inclusive, iterative approach to creating new information; it is distinguished by its focus on facilitating interactions between stakeholders to develop an integrated or transformational understanding of a sustainability problem. Whether a coproduction process is successful in this integration of science and policy depends on a range of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coproduction; Coral reef management; Governance; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2015

Analyzing the Concept of Planetary Boundaries from a Strategic Sustainability Perspective: How Does Humanity Avoid Tipping the Planet?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Basile, George; Arizona State University; george.basile@asu.edu.
Recently, an approach for global sustainability, the planetary-boundary approach (PBA), has been proposed, which combines the concept of tipping points with global-scale sustainability indicators. The PBA could represent a significant step forward in monitoring and managing known and suspected global sustainability criteria. However, as the authors of the PBA describe, the approach faces numerous and fundamental challenges that must be addressed, including successful identification of key global sustainability metrics and their tipping points, as well as the coordination of systemic individual and institutional actions that are required to address the sustainability challenges highlighted. We apply a previously published framework for systematic and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Framework for strategic sustainable development; Planetary boundaries; Planning; Strategy; Sustainability; Tipping points.
Ano: 2013

Global change and conservation triage on National Wildlife Refuges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred A; U.S. Geological Survey; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Eaton, Mitchell J; U.S. Geological Survey; mitchell.eaton@usgs.gov; McMahon, Gerard; U.S. Geological Survey; gmcmahon@usgs.gov; Nilius, Raye; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; raye_nilius@fws.gov; Bryant, Michael R.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; mike_bryant@fws.gov; Case, David J.; DJ Case &amp; Associates; dave@djcase.com; Martin, Julien; U.S. Geological Survey; julienmartin@usgs.gov; Wood, Nathan J; U.S. Geological Survey; nwood@usgs.gov; Taylor, Laura; North Carolina State University; lotaylor@ncsu.edu.
National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the United States play an important role in the adaptation of social-ecological systems to climate change, land-use change, and other global-change processes. Coastal refuges are already experiencing threats from sea-level rise and other change processes that are largely beyond their ability to influence, while at the same time facing tighter budgets and reduced staff.  We engaged in workshops with NWR managers along the U.S. Atlantic coast to understand the problems they face from global-change processes and began a multidisciplinary collaboration to use decision science to help address them. We are applying a values-focused approach to base management decisions on the resource objectives of land managers, as well as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Allocation; Decision analysis; Ecosystem valuation; Global change; National Wildlife Refuge; Objectives; Policy; Portfolio analysis; Reserve design; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2015

The Next Generation of Scientists: Examining the Experiences of Graduate Students in Network-Level Social-Ecological Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Romolini, Michele; Center for Urban Resilience, Loyola Marymount University; michele.romolini@lmu.edu; Record, Sydne; Harvard Forest, Harvard University; srecord@fas.harvard.edu; Garvoille, Rebecca; Department of Conservation and Forestry, University of Montana; rgarv001@fiu.edu; Marusenko, Yevgeniy; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; yevgeniy.marusenko@asu.edu; Geiger, R. Stuart; School of Information, University of California Berkeley; sgeiger@ischool.berkeley.edu.
By integrating the research and resources of hundreds of scientists from dozens of institutions, network-level science is fast becoming one scientific model of choice to address complex problems. In the pursuit to confront pressing environmental issues such as climate change, many scientists, practitioners, policy makers, and institutions are promoting network-level research that integrates the social and ecological sciences. To understand how this scientific trend is unfolding among rising scientists, we examined how graduate students experienced one such emergent social-ecological research initiative, Integrated Science for Society and Environment, within the large-scale, geographically distributed Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. Through...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Graduate students; Interdisciplinary research; LTER Network; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2013

The Implications of Global Priorities for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Associated with Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pyke, Christopher R.; National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; cpyke@ctgenergetics.com.
Map-based prioritization systems have become ubiquitous tools for allocating resources for biological conservation. Although the scientific basis for these systems continues to be debated, they have become a significant factor in international conservation. A recent study found that published conservation priorities are associated with over one third of conservation spending by major international nongovernmental organizations totaling over $1.5 X 109 in 2002 alone. The growing influence of these systems on the allocation of resources for conservation underscores the need to understand their ecological and environmental implications. This paper addresses the role of global priorities in contributing to the future of land protection by considering three key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Hotspots; Land use; Priority areas; Protected areas; Systematic conservation planning  reserve design.
Ano: 2007

Comparing Sustainable Forest Management Certifications Standards: A Meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clark, Michael  Rawson; University of Alberta; mrc4@ualberta.ca; Kozar, Joelyn Sarrah; Campus Sustainability Coalition; kozar@ualberta.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Ano: 2011

Indigenous Participation in Intercultural Education: Learning from Mexico and Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Burford, Gemma; University of Brighton; Aang Serian (House of Peace); G.L.Burford@brighton.ac.uk; Kissmann, Susanne; Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo; suskiss@cruzio.com; Rosado-May, Francisco J.; Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo; fjrmay@hotmail.com; Alvarado Dzul, Santos H.; Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo;; Harder, Marie K.; University of Brighton; Fudan University; M.K.Harder@brighton.ac.uk.
Intercultural education seeks to create a forum for integrating Western scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge to address local and global challenges such as biocultural diversity conservation, natural resource management, and social justice for indigenous peoples. Intercultural education is based on learning together with, rather than learning about or from, indigenous communities. In the best examples, problem-based learning dissolves the dichotomy between indigenous and nonindigenous, resulting in full partnerships in which participants share expertise to meet mutual needs. With reference to literature and two illustrative examples of intercultural education initiatives in Mexico and Tanzania, we present an original conceptual framework for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community engagement; Community-university partnerships; Indigenous knowledge; Intercultural education; Participation.
Ano: 2012

Resilience, Regime Shifts, and Guided Transition under Climate Change: Examining the Practical Difficulties of Managing Continually Changing Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lin, Brenda B; CSIRO, Climate Adaptation Flagship; brenda.lin@csiro.au; Petersen, Brian; Michigan State University W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; petersenbri@gmail.com.
Managing terrestrial systems has become increasingly difficult under climate change as unidirectional shifts in climate conditions challenge the resilience of ecosystems to maintain their compositional structure and function. Despite the increased attention of resilience management to guide transformational change, questions remain as to how to apply resilience to manage transitions. Rather than pushing systems across thresholds into alternative states, climate change may create a stepwise progression of unknown transitional states that track changing climate conditions. Because of this uncertainty, we must find ways to guide transitioning systems across climate boundaries towards states that are socially and environmentally desirable. We propose to ease...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem function; Ecosystem structure; Resilience management; Species composition; Unidirectional shifts.
Ano: 2013

How game changers catalyzed, disrupted, and incentivized social innovation: three historical cases of nature conservation, assimilation, and women&amp;#8217;s rights
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Westley, Frances R.; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; School for Environment, Enterprise and Development, University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; McGowan, Katharine A.; Bissett School of Business, Mount Royal College, Calgary, Alberta; kmcgowan@mtroyal.ca; Antadze, Nino; Department of Environmental Studies, Bucknell University; na011@bucknell.edu; Blacklock, Jaclyn; University of Waterloo; jblacklo@uwaterloo.ca; Tjornbo, Ola; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; ola.tjornbo@gmail.com.
We explore the impact of &amp;#8220;game changers&amp;#8221; on the dynamics of innovation over time in three problem domains,  that of wilderness protection, women&amp;#8217;s rights, and assimilation of indigenous children in Canada. Taking a specifically historical and cross-scale approach, we look at one social innovation in each problem domain.  We explore the origins and history of the development of the National Parks in the USA, the legalization of contraception in the USA and Canada, and the residential school system in Canada.  Based on a comparison of these cases, we identify three kinds of game changers, those that catalyze social innovation, which we define as &amp;#8220;seminal,&amp;#8221; those that disrupt the continuity of social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Game changers; Innovation; North America; Social innovation; Transformative change.
Ano: 2016

Access and Resilience: Analyzing the Construction of Social Resilience to the Threat of Water Scarcity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Langridge, Ruth; University of California, Santa Cruz; rlangrid@ucsc.edu; Christian-Smith, Juliet; University of California, Berkeley; jchristi2001@gmail.com; Lohse, Kathleen A.; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Kathleen.Lohse@asu.edu.
Resilience is a vital attribute that characterizes a system&amp;#8217;s capacity to cope with stress. Researchers have examined the measurement of resilience in ecosystems and in social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, and the comparative vulnerability of social groups. Our paper refocuses attention on the processes and relations that create social resilience. Our central proposition is that the creation of social resilience is linked to a community&amp;#8217;s ability to access critical resources. We explore this proposition through an analysis of how community resilience to the stress of water scarcity is influenced by historically contingent mechanisms to gain, control, and maintain access to water.  Access is defined broadly as the ability of a community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Access; Resilience; Vulnerability; Water.
Ano: 2006

A sustainability framework for assessing trade-offs in ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu; King, Elizabeth; Biological Sciences, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu.
Achieving sustainability, i.e., meeting the needs of current populations without compromising the needs of future generations, is the major challenge facing global society in the 21st century.  Navigating the inherent trade-offs between provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services, and doing so in a way that does not compromise natural capital needed to provide services in the future, is critical for sustainable resource management.  Here we build upon existing literature, primarily from economics and ecology, to present an analytical framework that integrates (1) the ecological mechanisms that underpin ecosystem services, (2) biophysical trade-offs and inherent limits that constrain management options, (3) preferences and values...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Dynamics; Ecosystem services; Efficiency frontier; Management constraints; Preferences; Stakeholders; Time lags; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

Developing Adaptive Capacity to Droughts: the Rationality of Locality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Welsh, Lisa W.; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University; lisa03@gmail.com; Endter-Wada, Joanna; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University; Ecology Center, Utah State University; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University; joanna.endter-wada@usu.edu; Downard, Rebekah; Ecology Center, Utah State University; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University; rdownard8@gmail.com; Kettenring, Karin M.; Ecology Center, Utah State University; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University; karin.kettenring@usu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Drought; Social-ecological systems (SES); Vulnerability; Water resources management; Wetlands.
Ano: 2013

Coupling Biophysical and Socioeconomic Models for Coral Reef Systems in Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica; University of Tasmania; Jessica.MelbourneThomas@utas.edu.au; Johnson, Craig R; University of Tasmania; craig.johnson@utas.edu.au; Perez, Pascal; University of Wollongong; pascal.perez@csiro.au; Eustache, Jeremy; Australian National University; jeremy.eustache@voila.fr; Fulton, Elizabeth A; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship; Beth.Fulton@csiro.au; Cleland, Deborah; Australian National University; deborah.cleland@anu.edu.au.
Transdisciplinary approaches that consider both socioeconomic and biophysical processes are central to understanding and managing rapid change in coral reef systems worldwide. To date, there have been limited attempts to couple the two sets of processes in dynamic models for coral reefs, and these attempts are confined to reef systems in developed countries. We present an approach to coupling existing biophysical and socioeconomic models for coral reef systems in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The biophysical model is multiscale, using dynamic equations to capture local-scale ecological processes on individual reefs, with reefs connected at regional scales by the ocean transport of larval propagules. The agent-based socioeconomic model simulates...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical; Coral reefs; Coupled models; Decision support; Socioeconomic; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

The Many Elements of Traditional Fire Knowledge: Synthesis, Classification, and Aids to Cross-cultural Problem Solving in Fire-dependent Systems Around the World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huffman, Mary R.; The Nature Conservancy; mhuffman@tnc.org.
I examined the hypothesis that traditional social-ecological fire systems around the world include common elements of traditional fire knowledge (TFK). I defined TFK as fire-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices that have been developed and applied on specific landscapes for specific purposes by long time inhabitants. In all, 69 distinct elements of TFK were documented in 35 studies, including accounts from 27 countries on 6 continents. On all 6 continents, 21 elements (30%) were recorded, and 46 elements (67%) were recorded on 4 or more continents. The top 12 most commonly reported elements, which were included in &gt; 50 % of the studies, were fire effects on vegetation; season of the year; fire effects on animals; moisture of live or dead fuels; the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological anthropology; Fire management; Indigenous; Pyrogeography; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional fire knowledge; Wildland fire.
Ano: 2013

Pathogens, disease, and the social-ecological resilience of protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Vos, Alta; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Rhodes University, South Africa; a.devos@ru.ac.za; Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; graeme.cumming@jcu.edu.au; Cumming, David  H. M.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Tropical Resource Ecology Programme, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; cumming@icon.co.zw; Ament, Judith M.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; judith.ament@uct.ac.za; Baum, Julia; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; jubaum5@gmail.com; Clements, Hayley S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; clementshayley@gmail.com; Grewar, John D; Western Cape Government, Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa; JohnG@elsenburg.com; Maciejewski, Kristine; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Krismacski@gmail.com; Moore, Christine; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK; christine.moore@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
It is extremely important for biodiversity conservation that protected areas are resilient to a range of potential future perturbations. One of the least studied influences on protected area resilience is that of disease. We argue that wildlife disease (1) is a social-ecological problem that must be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective; (2) has the potential to lead to changes in the identity of protected areas, possibly transforming them; and (3) interacts with conservation both directly (via impacts on wild animals, livestock, and people) and indirectly (via the public, conservation management, and veterinary responses). We use southern African protected areas as a case study to test a framework for exploring the connections between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Disease; Identity; Pathogens; Protected areas; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Southern Africa.
Ano: 2016

Collapse of a historic oyster fishery: diagnosing causes and identifying paths toward increased resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Camp, Edward V.; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; edvcamp@ufl.edu; Pine III, William E.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; billpine@ufl.edu; Havens, Karl; Florida Sea Grant College Program and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; khavens@ufl.edu; Kane, Andrew S.; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratories, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; Center for Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida; kane@ufl.edu; Walters, Carl J.; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Irani, Tracy; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department, University of Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; irani@ufl.edu; Lindsey, Angela B; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department and Center of Public Issues Education, University of Florida; ablindsey@ufl.edu; Morris, Jr., J. Glenn; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; College of Medicine, University of Florida; JGMorris@epi.ufl.edu.
Diagnosing causal factors of change at the ecosystem level is challenging because multiple drivers often interact at various spatial and temporal scales. We employ an integrated natural and social science approach to assess potential mechanisms leading to the collapse of an estuarine social-ecological system, and recommend future paths to increased system resilience. Our case study is the collapse of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA, and the associated impacts on local resource dependent communities. The oyster fishery collapse is the most recent in a series of environmental stressors to this region, which have included hurricanes and tropical storms, drought, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We found...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Community resilience; Drought; Estuaries; Oyster fishery.
Ano: 2015

Understanding stakeholder preferences for flood adaptation alternatives with natural capital implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loos, Jonathon R; Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University; jonathon.loos@gmail.com; Rogers, Shannon H; Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University; shrogers@plymouth.edu.
Inland flood risks are defined by a range of environmental and social factors, including land use and floodplain management. Shifting patterns of storm intensity and precipitation, attributed to climate change, are exacerbating flood risk in regions across North America. Strategies for adapting to growing flood risks and climate change must account for a community&amp;#8217;s specific vulnerabilities, and its local economic, environmental, and social conditions. Through a stakeholder-engaged methodology, we designed an interactive decision exercise to enable stakeholders to evaluate alternatives for addressing specific community flood vulnerabilities. We used a multicriteria framework to understand what drives stakeholder preferences for flood mitigation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based adaptation; Flood; Hazard planning; Multicriteria decision making; Stakeholder values; Utility theory.
Ano: 2016

Transforming Innovation for Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leach, Melissa; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; m.leach@ids.ac.uk; Raskin, Paul; Tellus Institute, Boston;; Scoones, Ian; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; i.scoones@ids.ac.uk; Stirling, Andy C; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; a.c.stirling@sussex.ac.uk; Smith, Adrian; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; a.g.smith@sussex.ac.uk; Thompson, John; ; j.thompson@ids.ac.uk; Millstone, Erik; ; e.p.millstone@sussex.ac.uk; Ely, Adrian; ; a.v.ely@sussex.ac.uk; Arond, Elisa; ;; Folke, Carl; ; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Olsson, Per; ; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se.
The urgency of charting pathways to sustainability that keep human societies within a "safe operating space" has now been clarified. Crises in climate, food, biodiversity, and energy are already playing out across local and global scales and are set to increase as we approach critical thresholds. Drawing together recent work from the Stockholm Resilience Centre, the Tellus Institute, and the STEPS Centre, this commentary article argues that ambitious Sustainable Development Goals are now required along with major transformation, not only in policies and technologies, but in modes of innovation themselves, to meet them. As examples of dryland agriculture in East Africa and rural energy in Latin America illustrate, such "transformative innovation" needs to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Development goals; Grassroots; Planetary boundaries; Sustainable innovation; Sustainability.
Ano: 2012

Legitimacy, Adaptation, and Resilience in Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cosens, Barbara A; University of Idaho College of Law; bcosens@uidaho.edu.
Ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system.  In addition, expansion of that effort to social-ecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem management.  However, these changes to governance needed to foster ecosystem resilience will not be adopted by democratic societies without careful attention to their effect on the social system itself.  Delegation of increased flexibility for adaptive management to resource management agencies must include careful attention to assuring that increased flexibility is exercised in a manner that is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecosystem management; Law; Legitimacy; Networks; Policy; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Historical Regimes and Social Indicators of Resilience in an Urban System: the Case of Charleston, South Carolina
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bures, Regina; University of Florida; rbures@ufl.edu; Kanapaux, William; University of Florida; kanapaux@ufl.edu.
Employing the adaptive cycle and panarchy in perturbed urban systems can contribute to a better understanding of how these systems respond to broad-scale changes such as war and sea level rise. In this paper we apply a resilience perspective to examine regime shifts in Charleston, South Carolina from a historical perspective. We then look more closely at changes that occurred in Charleston in recent decades, including Hurricane Hugo, and the potential effects of these changes on resilience of the social-ecological system to future shocks. We close with a discussion combining social and ecological perspectives to examine future regime-shift scenarios in the Charleston case and suggest ways to better understand resilience in other coastal urban systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Charleston  South Carolina; Regime shifts; Resilience; Sea-level rise; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Regional Farm Diversity Can Reduce Vulnerability of Food Production to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reidsma, Pytrik; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University; pytrik.reidsma@wur.nl; Ewert, Frank; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University; Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; frank.ewert@wur.nl.
Food production must adapt in the face of climate change. In Europe, projected vulnerability of food production to climate change is particularly high in Mediterranean regions. Increasing agricultural diversity has been suggested as an adaptation strategy, but empirical evidence is lacking. We analyzed the relationship between regional farm diversity (i.e., diversity among farm types) and the effects of climate variability on regional wheat (Triticum spp.) productivity. An extensive data set with information from more than 50&amp;nbsp;000 farms from 1990 to 2003 was analyzed, along with observed weather data. Our results suggest that the diversity in farm size and intensity, particularly high in Mediterranean regions, reduces vulnerability of regional...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Farm diversity; Regional crop productivity; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008

Results Chains:  a Tool for Conservation Action Design, Management, and Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Margoluis, Richard; Foundations of Success;; Stem, Caroline; Foundations of Success;; Swaminathan, Vinaya; Foundations of Success; vinaya@fosonline.org; Brown, Marcia; Foundations of Success;; Johnson, Arlyne; Foundations of Success;; Placci, Guillermo; Foundations of Success;; Salafsky, Nick; Foundations of Success; Nick@FOSonline.org; Tilders, Ilke; Foundations of Success;.
Every day, the challenges to achieving conservation grow.  Threats to species, habitats, and ecosystems multiply and intensify.  The conservation community has invested decades of resources and hard work to reduce or eliminate these threats.  However, it struggles to demonstrate that its efforts are having an impact. In recent years, conservation project managers, teams, and organizations have found themselves under increasing pressure to demonstrate measurable impacts that can be attributed to their actions.  To do so, they need to answer three important questions: (1) Are we achieving our desired impact?; (2) Have we selected the best interventions to achieve our desired impact?; and (3) Are we executing our interventions in the best possible manner?  We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Assumption; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Impact; Measure; Monitoring; Outcome; Planning; Results chains; Theory of change.
Ano: 2013

Novelty, Adaptive Capacity, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig R; U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; allencr@unl.edu; Holling, C. S.; Department of Zoology, University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
We present a conceptual framework that explores some of the forces creating innovation and novelty in complex systems. Understanding the sources of variability and novelty may help us better understand complex systems. Understanding complex phenomena such as invasions, migration, and nomadism may provide insight into the structure of ecosystems and other complex systems, and aid our attempts to cope with and mitigate these phenomena, in the case of invasions, and better understand and or predict them. Our model is broadly applicable to ecological theory, including community ecology, resilience, restoration, and policy. Characterizing the link between landscape change and the composition of species communities may help policymakers in their decision-making...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cross-scale; Extinction; Innovation; Invasion; Speciation.
Ano: 2010

Climate Science, Development Practice, and Policy Interactions in Dryland Agroecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Twyman, Chasca; Department of Geography, University of Sheffield; Sheffield Centre for International Drylands Research; C.Twyman@shef.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph; University of Leeds; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk; Quinn, C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; C.H.Quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Crane, Todd A.; Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University ; todd.crane@wur.nl; Sallu, Susannah M.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; s.sallu@leeds.ac.uk.
The literature on drought, livelihoods, and poverty suggests that dryland residents are especially vulnerable to climate change.  However, assessing this vulnerability and sharing lessons between dryland communities on how to reduce vulnerability has proven difficult because of multiple definitions of vulnerability, complexities in quantification, and the temporal and spatial variability inherent in dryland agroecological systems. In this closing editorial, we review how we have addressed these challenges through a series of structured, multiscale, and interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment case studies from drylands in West Africa, southern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Latin America. These case studies adopt a common vulnerability framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drylands; Scenarios; Narratives; Development; Livelihoods; Poverty; Policy.
Ano: 2011

Lattice-work corridors for climate change: a conceptual framework for biodiversity conservation and social-ecological resilience in a tropical elevational gradient
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Townsend, Patricia A; University of Washington; ptownsen@uw.edu; Masters, Karen L; Council on International Educational Exchange; KMasters@ciee.org.
Rapid climate change poses complex challenges for conservation, especially in tropical developing countries where biodiversity is high while financial and technical resources are limited. The complexity is heightened by uncertainty in predicted effects, both for ecological systems and human communities that depend heavily on natural resource extraction and use. Effective conservation plans and measures must be inexpensive, fast-acting, and able to increase the resilience of both the ecosystem and the social-ecological system. We present conservation practitioners with a framework that strategically integrates climate change planning into connectivity measures for tropical mountain ecosystems in Costa Rica. We propose a strategy for doubling the amount of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Buffer capacity; Climate adaptation; Community involvement; Conservation incentives; Costa Rica; Environmental services payments; Forest landscape restoration; Habitat priority-setting; Landscape connectivity; Reforestation; Resilient ecosystems; Resilient livelihoods; Riparian zones; Tropical mountain ecosystems.
Ano: 2015

Social-ecological Resilience and Biodiversity Conservation in a 900-year-old Protected Area
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk.
Protected areas are increasingly being recognized as coupled social-ecological systems, whose effectiveness depends on their resilience. Here I present a historical profile of an individual case study, the New Forest (England), which was first designated as a protected area more than 900 years ago. Uniquely, a traditional pattern of land use has been maintained ever since, providing a rare opportunity to examine the resilience of an integrated social-ecological system over nine centuries. The New Forest demonstrates that over the long term, coupled social-ecological systems can be resilient to major internal and external shocks, including climate change, mass human mortality and war. Changes in governance had the greatest impact on the reserve itself, with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Effectiveness; Protected area; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Resilience-Based Perspectives to Guiding High-Nature-Value Farmland through Socioeconomic Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen ; tobias.plieninger@life.ku.dk; Bieling, Claudia; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; claudia.bieling@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscapes; Agricultural management; Ecosystem stewardship; Europe; Farmland habitats; Landscape change; Resilience framework.
Ano: 2013

From Invisibility to Transparency: Identifying the Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turner, Nancy J; University of Victoria; nturner@uvic.ca; Gregory, Robin; Decision Research &amp; Value Scope Research, Inc.; rgregory@interchange.ubc.ca; Brooks, Cheryl; Indigenuity Consulting Group; cheryl@indigenuity.ca; Failing, Lee; Compass Resource Management; lfailing@compassrm.com; Satterfield, Terre; University of British Columbia; satterfd@interchange.ubc.ca.
This paper explores the need for a broader and more inclusive approach to decisions about land and resources, one that recognizes the legitimacy of cultural values and traditional knowledge in environmental decision making and policy. Invisible losses are those not widely recognized or accounted for in decisions about resource planning and decision making in resource- and land-use negotiations precisely because they involve considerations that tend to be ignored by managers and scientists or because they are often indirect or cumulative, resulting from a complex, often cumulative series of events, decisions, choices, or policies. First Nations communities in western North America have experienced many such losses that, together, have resulted in a decline...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: First Nations; Decision making; Resource use; Negotiations; Cultural values.
Ano: 2008

Process-Based Ecological River Restoration: Visualizing Three-Dimensional Connectivity and Dynamic Vectors to Recover Lost Linkages
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kondolf, G. Mathias; University of California, Berkeley; kondolf@berkeley.edu; Boulton, Andrew J.; Ecosystem Management, University of New England; aboulton@une.edu.au; O'Daniel, Scott; University of California-Santa Barbara; sodaniel@icess.ucsb.edu; Poole, Geoffrey C; Eco-metrics, Inc. and University of Georgia; gpoole@eco-metrics.com; Rahel, Frank J.; University of Wyoming; frahel@uwyo.edu; Stanley, Emily H.; University of Wisconsin; ehstanley@wisc.edu; Wohl, Ellen; Colorado State University; ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu; Carlstrom, Julia; National Board of Fisheries; julia.carlstrom@fiskeriverket.se; Cristoni, Chiara; ; c.cristoni@tiscali.it; Huber, Harald; University of Munich; harry.nat@t-online.de; Louhi, Pauliina; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; pauliina.louhi@rktl.fi; Nakamura, Keigo; Public Works Research Institute, Japan; knakamu@pwri.go.jp.
Human impacts to aquatic ecosystems often involve changes in hydrologic connectivity and flow regime. Drawing upon examples in the literature and from our experience, we developed conceptual models and used simple bivariate plots to visualize human impacts and restoration efforts in terms of connectivity and flow dynamics. Human-induced changes in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical connectivity are often accompanied by changes in flow dynamics, but in our experience restoration efforts to date have more often restored connectivity than flow dynamics. Restoration actions have included removing dams to restore fish passage, reconnecting flow through artificially cut-off side channels, setting back or breaching levees, and removing fine sediment deposits...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Flow dynamics; Hyporheic zone; River restoration.
Ano: 2006

Vulnerability to Weather Disasters: the Choice of Coping Strategies in Rural Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helgeson, Jennifer F; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Geography and Environment; The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; j.helgeson@lse.ac.uk; Dietz, Simon; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Geography and Environment; The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; s.dietz@lse.ac.uk; Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan; IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; hochrain@iiasa.ac.at.
When a natural disaster hits, the affected households try to cope with its impacts. A variety of coping strategies, from reducing current consumption to disposing of productive assets, may be employed. The latter strategies are especially worrisome because they may reduce the capacity of the household to generate income in the future, possibly leading to chronic poverty. We used the results of a household survey in rural Uganda to ask, first, what coping strategies would tend to be employed in the event of a weather disaster, second, given that multiple strategies can be chosen, in what combinations would they tend to be employed, and, third, given that asset-liquidation strategies can be particularly harmful for the future income prospects of households,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coping strategies; Covariate risk; Education; Extreme weather; Poverty trap; Small-scale farming; Uganda; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

Adaptive Capacity and Traps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Brock, William A.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; WBrock@ssc.wisc.edu.
Adaptive capacity is the ability of a living system, such as a social&amp;#8211;ecological system, to adjust responses to changing internal demands and external drivers. Although adaptive capacity is a frequent topic of study in the resilience literature, there are few formal models. This paper introduces such a model and uses it to explore adaptive capacity by contrast with the opposite condition, or traps. In a social&amp;#8211;ecological rigidity trap, strong self-reinforcing controls prevent the flexibility needed for adaptation. In the model, too much control erodes adaptive capacity and thereby increases the risk of catastrophic breakdown. In a social&amp;#8211;ecological poverty trap, loose connections prevent the mobilization of ideas and resources...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Allostasis; Model; Poverty trap; Resilience; Rigidity trap; Transformation.
Ano: 2008

Addressing surprise and uncertain futures in marine science, marine governance, and society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thrush, Simon F; Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; simon.thrush@auckland.ac.nz; Lewis, Nick; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; n.lewis@auckland.ac.nz; Le Heron, Richard; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; r.leheron@auckland.ac.nz; Fisher, Karen T; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; k.fisher@auckland.ac.nz; Lundquist, Carolyn J; Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; carolyn.lundquist@niwa.co.nz; Hewitt, Judi; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; Judi.Hewitt@niwa.co.nz.
On an increasingly populated planet, with decreasing biodiversity and limited new opportunities to tap unexploited natural resources, there is a clear need to adjust aspects of marine management and governance. Although sectarian management has succeeded in addressing and managing some important threats to marine ecosystems, unintended consequences are often associated with overlooking nonlinear interactions and cumulative impacts that increase the risk of surprises in social-ecological systems. In this paper, we begin to untangle science-governance-society (SGS) interdependencies in marine systems by considering how to recognize the risk of surprise in social and ecological dynamics. Equally important is drawing attention to our state of preparedness,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Governance; Management; Marine ecosystems; Regime shift; Resilience; Science; Society.
Ano: 2016

Conflicts Associated with Dam Removal in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
The increasing number of deteriorating old dams that need renovation or have lost their function make dam removal a viable management option.  There are at least four major reasons for dam removal: safety, law and policy, economy, and ecology.  Here we discuss 17 Swedish dams that were recently considered for removal.  Because dam removal usually causes controversy, dam removal initiatives may succeed, fail, or result in a compromise such as a bypass channel for migrating fish. We identify and discuss three major obstructions to dam removal: funding, cultural-historical values, and threatened species. To facilitate dam removal, the reasons for, and the effects of, dam removal must be carefully explained, and the public and stakeholders must be kept...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Controversies; Dam removal; Information; Obstructions; Reservoirs; Rivers; Stakeholder involvement; Sweden.
Ano: 2009

Can We Be Both Resilient and Well, and What Choices Do People Have? Incorporating Agency into the Resilience Debate from a Fisheries Perspective.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Coulthard, Sarah; University of Ulster; s.coulthard@ulster.ac.uk.
In the midst of a global fisheries crisis, there has been great interest in the fostering of adaptation and resilience in fisheries, as a means to reduce vulnerability and improve the capacity of fishing society to adapt to change. However, enhanced resilience does not automatically result in improved well-being of people, and adaptation strategies are riddled with difficult choices, or trade-offs, that people must negotiate. This paper uses the context of fisheries to explore some apparent tensions between adapting to change on the one hand, and the pursuit of well-being on the other, and illustrates that trade-offs can operate at different levels of scale. It argues that policies that seek to support fisheries resilience need to be built on a better...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agency; Fisheries; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

Shooting the Rapids: Navigating Transitions to Adaptive Governance of Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Per; Stockholm University; per@ctm.su.se; Gunderson, Lance H; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Carpenter, Steve R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; Paul.Ryan@csiro.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University; louis@sea-user.org; Folke, Carl; Center for Transdisciplinary Environmental Research; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
The case studies of Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden; the Northern Highlands Lake District and the Everglades in the USA; the Mae Nam Ping Basin, Thailand; and the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Australia, were compared to assess the outcome of different actions for transforming social-ecological systems (SESs). The transformations consisted of two phases, a preparation phase and a transition phase, linked by a window of opportunity. Key leaders and shadow networks can prepare a system for change by exploring alternative system configurations and developing strategies for choosing from among possible futures. Key leaders can recognize and use or create windows of opportunity and navigate transitions toward adaptive governance. Leadership functions include the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Adaptive governance; Transformability; Shadow networks; Leadership; Resilience.
Ano: 2006

Linking Futures across Scales: a Dialog on Multiscale Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Reinette; University of Wisconsin; biggs@wisc.edu; Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara; McGill University; ciara.rh@gmail.com; Atkinson-Palombo, Carol; Arizona State University; cmatkin@mainex1.asu.edu; Bohensky, Erin; University of Pretoria; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; erin.bohensky@csiro.au; Boyd, Emily; Stockholm University; boyd@ctm.su.se; Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Fox, Helen; World Wildlife Fund; helen.fox@wwfus.org; Ingram, Scott; Arizona State University; singram@asu.edu; Kok, Kasper; Wageningen University; kasper.kok@wur.nl; Spehar, Stephanie; New York University; stephanie.spehar@gmail.com; Timmer, Dagmar; Resourceful Solutions Consulting; timmer.dagmar@gmail.com; Zurek, Monika; FAO; monika.zurek@fao.org.
Scenario analysis is a useful tool for exploring key uncertainties that may shape the future of social-ecological systems. This paper explores the methods, costs, and benefits of developing and linking scenarios of social-ecological systems across multiple spatial scales. Drawing largely on experiences in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, we suggest that the desired degree of cross-scale linkage depends on the primary aim of the scenario exercise. Loosely linked multiscale scenarios appear more appropriate when the primary aim is to engage in exploratory dialog with stakeholders. Tightly coupled cross-scale scenarios seem to work best when the main objective is to further our understanding of cross-scale interactions or to assess trade-offs between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Multiscale scenarios; Cross-scale scenarios; Stakeholder engagement; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental assessment; Scenario analysis.
Ano: 2007

Quantifying spatial scaling patterns and their local and regional correlates in headwater streams: implications for resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandin, Leonard; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; leonard.sandin@slu.se; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; david.angeler@slu.se.
The distribution of functional traits within and across spatiotemporal scales has been used to quantify and infer the relative resilience across ecosystems. We use explicit spatial modeling to evaluate within- and cross-scale redundancy in headwater streams, an ecosystem type with a hierarchical and dendritic network structure. We assessed the cross-scale distribution of functional feeding groups of benthic invertebrates in Swedish headwater streams during two seasons. We evaluated functional metrics, i.e., Shannon diversity, richness, and evenness, and the degree of redundancy within and across modeled spatial scales for individual feeding groups. We also estimated the correlates of environmental versus spatial factors of both functional composition and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cross-scale resilience; Functional feeding groups; Invertebrates; Local and regional determinants; River ecosystems; Spatial modeling.
Ano: 2014

The Roles and Movements of Actors in the Deforestation of  Brazilian Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fearnside, Philip M; National Institute for Research in the Amazon-INPA; pmfearn@inpa.gov.br.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Migration; Population; Rainforest; Ranching.
Ano: 2008

Adaptation or Manipulation? Unpacking Climate Change Response Strategies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomsen, Dana C; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; tim.smith@usc.edu.au; Keys, Noni; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; nkeys@usc.edu.au.
Adaptation is a key feature of sustainable social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. As societies traverse various temporal and spatial scales, they are exposed to differing contexts and precursors for adaptation. A cursory view of the response to these differing contexts and precursors suggests the particular ability of persistent societies to adapt to changing circumstances. Yet a closer examination into the meaning of adaptation and its relationship to concepts of resilience, vulnerability, and sustainability illustrates that, in many cases, societies actually manipulate their social&amp;#8211;ecological contexts rather than adapt to them. It could be argued that manipulative behaviors are a subset of a broader suite of adaptive behaviors; however, this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Learning; Manipulation; Path dependency; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

Resource use peak dates distract from real planetary limits
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Sullivan, Jane N.; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; j.osullivan@uq.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Limits to growth; Peak-rate year; Synchrony.
Ano: 2015

Insights into integrating cumulative effects and collaborative co-management for migratory tundra caribou herds in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunn, Anne; ; gunnan@telus.net; Russell, Don; ; don.russell@ec.gc.ca; Greig, Lorne; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; lgreig@essa.com.
Globally, many migratory mammals are facing threats. In northern Canada, large annual ranges expose migratory caribou to an array of human activities, including industrial exploration and development. Recognition that responses to human activities can accumulate for caribou is long-standing, but is heightened by recent declines in caribou abundance. For example, since the mid-1990s, the Bathurst herd has declined by approximately 90%, leading to severe harvest restrictions. More mines are being proposed and developed across the herd&amp;#8217;s annual range, raising questions about cumulative effects. Despite progress on assessment techniques, aboriginal groups are expressing strong concerns and frustration about gaps in responsibilities for who should...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Arctic Canada; Cumulative effects; Migratory caribou; Mitigation; Monitoring.
Ano: 2014

Observing the observers: uncovering the role of values in research assessments of organic food systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noe, Egon; Aarhus University; Egon.Noe@agrsci.dk.
Assessing the overall effects of organic food systems is important, but also a challenge because organic food systems cannot be fully assessed from one single research perspective. The aim of our research was to determine the role of values in assessments of organic food systems as a basis for discussing the implications of combining multiple perspectives in overall sustainability assessments of the food system. We explored how values were embedded in five research perspectives: (1) food science, (2) discourse analysis, (3) phenomenology, (4) neoclassical welfare economics, and (5) actor-network theory. Value has various meanings according to different scientific perspectives. A strategy for including and balancing different forms of knowledge in overall...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Food networks; Multicriteria assessment; Organic farming; Values.
Ano: 2014

Building skills for sustainability:  a role for regional research networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mukhopadhyay, Pranab; Goa University; South Asian Network for  Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE); pm@unigoa.ac.in; Nepal, Mani; South Asian Network for  Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE);  Tribhuvan University; manin@sandeeonline.org; Shyamsundar, Priya; South Asian Network for  Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE); priyas@sandeeonline.org.
In South Asia, as local and regional environment problems grow, societal demand for new sustainability knowledge has outpaced its supply by traditional institutions and created a niche for research networks and think tanks. We discuss the role of networks in producing knowledge by using the South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE) as a case study. We argue that geographic research networks can contribute to the growth of sustainability knowledge through (1) knowledge transfer, (2) knowledge sharing, and (3) knowledge deepening. By analyzing qualitative and quantitative information, we showed that although SANDEE participants gained significant intangible advantages from the network, there was also a noted tangible gain is in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Environment and economics; Research networks; South Asia; Sustainability knowledge.
Ano: 2014

The Rauischholzhausen Agenda for Road Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roedenbeck, Inga A.; University of Giessen; inga.roedenbeck@agrar.uni-giessen.de; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lenore_fahrig@carleton.ca; Findlay, C. Scott; University of Ottawa; sfindlay@science.uottawa.ca; Houlahan, Jeff E; University of New Brunswick at Saint John; jeffhoul@unbsj.ca; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Concordia University; jochen.jaeger@env.ethz.ch; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle; stephanie.kramer@ufz.de; van der Grift, Edgar A; ALTERRA Wageningen; edgar.vandergrift@wur.nl.
Despite the documented negative effects of roads on wildlife, ecological research on road effects has had comparatively little influence on road planning decisions. We argue that road research would have a larger impact if researchers carefully considered the relevance of the research questions addressed and the inferential strength of the studies undertaken. At a workshop at the German castle of Rauischholzhausen we identified five particularly relevant questions, which we suggest provide the framework for a research agenda for road ecology: (1) Under what circumstances do roads affect population persistence? (2) What is the relative importance of road effects vs. other effects on population persistence? (3) Under what circumstances can road effects be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Road ecology; Research agenda; Experimental design; Hierarchy of study designs; Methodological standard; Before-after-control-impact design; Before-after design; Control-impact design; Inferential strength; Weight of evidence; Uncertainty; Landscape scale; Extrapolation; Population persistence; Road networks; Road effects; Mitigation; Decision making.
Ano: 2007

Africa&amp;#8217;s game changers and the catalysts of social and system innovation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Swilling, Mark; Stellenbosch Centre for Complex Systems in Transition; Stellenbosch University; swilling@sun.ac.za.
It is widely recognized that many African economies are being transformed by rapid economic growth driven largely by rising demand for the abundant natural resources scattered across the African continent. I critically review the mainstream game-changing dynamics driving this process, with special reference to a set of influential policy-oriented documents. This is followed by an analysis of less-recognized game-changing dynamics that have, in turn, been affected by the mainstream game-changing dynamics. These less-recognized game-changing dynamics include energy infrastructure challenges in a context of climate change, securing access to water, access to arable soils, slum urbanism, and food security responses. These mainstream and less-recognized...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: African development; Social innovation; Structural transformation; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2016

The Management of Fire-Adapted Ecosystems in an Urban Setting: the Case of Table Mountain National Park, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Wilgen, Brian W; Centre for Invasion Biology; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; bvwilgen@csir.co.za; Forsyth, Greg G; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; gforsyth@csir.co.za; Prins, Philip; South African National Parks ; philip.prins@sanparks.org.
The Table Mountain National Park is a 265-km&amp;#178; conservation area embedded within a city of 3.5 million people. The highly diverse and unique vegetation of the park is both fire prone and fire adapted, and the use of fire forms an integral part of the ecological management of the park. Because fires are both necessary and dangerous, fire management is characterized by uncertainty and conflict. The response of vegetation to fire is reasonably well understood, but the use of fire for conservation purposes remains controversial because of key gaps in understanding. These gaps include whether or not the vegetation is resilient to increases in fire frequency, how to deal with fire-sensitive forests embedded in fire-prone shrublands, and how to integrate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Ecosystem management; Forestry; Fynbos; Pines; Wildland&amp;#8211; Urban interface.
Ano: 2012

Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elmhagen, Bodil; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; bodil.elmhagen@zoologi.su.se; Destouni, Georgia; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; georgia.destouni@natgeo.su.se; Boyd, Emily; Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre; University of Reading, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Cousins, Sara A. O.; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; sara.cousins@natgeo.su.se; Ermold, Matti; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; matti.ermold@natgeo.su.se; Hedlund, Johanna; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; johanna.hedlund@zoologi.su.se; Hylander, Kristoffer; Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; kristoffer.hylander@su.se; Jaramillo, Fernando; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se; Lagerholm, Vendela K; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics; vendela.kempe@nrm.se; Lyon, Steve W; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; steve.lyon@natgeo.su.se; Moor, Helen; Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre; helen.moor@stockholmresilience.su.se; Pasanen-Mortensen, Marianne; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; marianne.mortensen@zoologi.su.se; Plue, Jan; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; jan.plue@natgeo.su.se; Prieto, Carmen; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; carmen.prieto@natgeo.su.se; van der Velde, Ype; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Wageningen University, Department of Soil Geography and Landscape; ype.vandervelde@wur.nl; Lindborg, Regina; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; regina.lindborg@natgeo.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Governance; Historical ecology; Landscape management; Scale mismatch; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Innovation and Metastability: a Systems Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Winder, Nick; Newcastle University; Nick.Winder@ncl.ac.uk.
The culture trap is the tendency to put cultural markers and habits above the demands of reason or compassion. It can reduce receptivity to new ideas and trigger Phoenix Cycles of catastrophe and renaissance. System research is then complicated by the historiographic problem of continuity and change, because there are no objective criteria for deciding whether "the system" survived or was destroyed by the catastrophe. This paper explores the differences between uncertainty emergence and self-organizing emergence using the concept of a "possibility space" to clarify the relationship between anti-causal events and causal states, i.e., the meso-history of conjuncture. Conjunctures are interpreted ex post in the context of deep time. The paper distinguishes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive potential; Cultural ecodynamics; Complex adaptive systems; Innovation; Metastability; Resilience.
Ano: 2007

Promoting communication, participation, and learning with regard to organic food products: a communication theoretical approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kastberg, Peter; Aarhus University, Business and Social Sciences, Business Communication; pk@asb.dk.
The market for organic foods is growing, however, the proportion of consumers buying organic foods is still considered low. Research shows that a significant barrier to consumers purchasing more organic foods is lack of information. This leads the relevant body of research to call for better communication around organic foods. The same body of research, however, neither questions what good  communication surrounding organic foods is, nor what would make it better. Applying the communication theoretical formats of transmission, interaction, and coaction, respectively, onto instances of organic communication activities, I will discuss to what extent each format encourages consumer participation and learning. Transmission, typically in the form of monologuous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coaction; Communication; Interaction; Knowledge communication; Transmission.
Ano: 2015

Public Health and Epidemiological Considerations For Avian Influenza Risk Mapping and Risk Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dudley, Joseph P.; Joseph P. Dudley, Chief Scientist, Science Applications International Corporation, Modeling and Analysis Division; Research Associate, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks and Department of Earth Science-University of Alaska Museum; joseph.p.dudley@saic.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Biosecurity; Epidemiology; Geographic distribution; Health; Risk assessment; Risk mapping.
Ano: 2008

Mechanisms to Improve Integrative Research at the Science-Policy Interface for Sustainable Catchment Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Macleod, Christopher (Kit) J.  A.; North Wyke Research, Devon, UK; kit.macleod@bbsrc.ac.uk; Blackstock, Kirsty L.; ;; Haygarth, Phil M.; ;.
Greater integration between researchers and policy makers is required to provide an evidence base that is transparent, integrated, and adaptive to support the complexities of sustainable catchment management. Opening-up and closing-down mechanisms are equally important in creating and establishing such an evidence base. We provide examples of both types based on our recent research and knowledge-transfer activities at the science-policy interface. Through our coordination role for the United Kingdom government we provide opening up physical and virtual forums for researchers and government science and policy staff to learn about and assess the gaps and uncertainties of the evidence base. Closing-down mechanisms are vital to policy cycles, in that they...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Catchment; Diffuse pollution; Evidence base; Integrative; Science-policy; UK.
Ano: 2008

Surprise and Opportunity for Learning in Grand Canyon: the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melis, Theodore S; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center; tmelis@usgs.gov; Walters, Carl J; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Korman, Josh; Ecometric Research Inc.; jkorman@ecometric.com.
With a focus on resources of the Colorado River ecosystem below Glen Canyon Dam, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has included a variety of experimental policy tests, ranging from manipulation of water releases from the dam to removal of non-native fish within Grand Canyon National Park. None of these field-scale experiments has yet produced unambiguous results in terms of management prescriptions. But there has been adaptive learning, mostly from unanticipated or surprising resource responses relative to predictions from ecosystem modeling. Surprise learning opportunities may often be viewed with dismay by some stakeholders who might not be clear about the purpose of science and modeling in adaptive management. However, the experimental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Colorado River; Ecosystem modeling; Glen Canyon Dam; Grand Canyon; High-flow experiments; Humpback chub; Rainbow trout; Surprise learning.
Ano: 2015

Linking classroom learning and research to advance ideas about social-ecological resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C.; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; nban@uvic.ca; Boyd, Emily; School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University.; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Cox, Michael; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu; Meek, Chanda L.; Department of Political Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks; clmeek@alaska.edu; Schoon, Michael; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Villamayor-Tomas, Sergio; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; villamayortomas@gmail.com.
There is an increasing demand in higher education institutions for training in complex environmental problems. Such training requires a careful mix of conventional methods and innovative solutions, a task not always easy to accomplish. In this paper we review literature on this theme, highlight relevant advances in the pedagogical literature, and report on some examples resulting from our recent efforts to teach complex environmental issues. The examples range from full credit courses in sustainable development and research methods to project-based and in-class activity units. A consensus from the literature is that lectures are not sufficient to fully engage students in these issues. A conclusion from the review of examples is that problem-based and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Interdisciplinarity; Pedagogy; Problem-based learning; Project-based learning; Social-ecological resilience; Social-ecological systems; Teaching.
Ano: 2015

Methods for Developing Multiscale Participatory Scenarios: Insights from Southern Africa and Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kok, Kasper; Wageningen University; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); University of Wisconsin; biggs@wisc.edu; Zurek, Monika; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); zurek@fao.org.
Scenario planning is increasingly recognized as a useful tool for exploring change in social-ecological systems on decadal to centennial time horizons. In environmental decision making, scenario development tends to include participatory methods for engaging stakeholders and is conducted at multiple scales. This paper presents insights from participatory scenario development in two separate multiscale environmental assessments. We find that, to engage stakeholders at multiple scales, it is important that the issues explored at each scale be relevant and credible to stakeholders at that scale. An important trade-off exists between maintaining relevance to stakeholders at different scales and maintaining consistency across scales to allow for comparison of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Mediterranean; Multiscale scenario; Participation; Scale; Scenario; Southern Africa.
Ano: 2007

Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a Complex Social-Ecological System: Implications for Conservation and Management
Provedor de dados: 7
The Galapagos Islands are among the most renowned natural sites in the world. Unlike other oceanic archipelagos, the ecological and evolutionary processes characteristic of Galapagos have been minimally affected by human activities, and the archipelago still retains most of its original, unique biodiversity. However, several recent reports suggest that the development model has turned unsustainable and that the unique values of the archipelago might be seriously at risk. In response to international concern, UNESCO added Galapagos to the list of World Heritage in Danger in 2007. Our goal was to provide new insights into the origins of the present-day crisis and suggest possible management alternatives. To this end, we re-examined the Galapagos situation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Adaptive cycle; Biodiversity conservation; Galapagos Islands; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2008

Naturalness and Place in River Rehabilitation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fryirs, Kirstie; Macquarie University; kirstie.fryirs@els.mq.edu.au; Brierley, Gary J; University of Auckland; g.brierley@auckland.ac.nz.
An authentic approach to river rehabilitation emphasizes concerns for the natural values of a given place. As landscape considerations fashion the physical template upon which biotic associations take place, various geomorphic issues must be addressed in framing rehabilitation activities that strive to improve river health. An open-ended approach to river classification promotes applications that appreciate the values of a given river, rather than pigeonholing reality. As the geomorphic structure of some rivers is naturally simple, promoting heterogeneity as a basis for management may not always be appropriate. Efforts to protect unique attributes of river systems must be balanced with procedures that look after common features. Concerns for ecosystem...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Heterogeneity; Physical integrity; River evolution; River health; River process.
Ano: 2009

Ecological and Human Community Resilience in Response to Natural Disasters
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological resilience; Surprises; Urban recovery.
Ano: 2010

Bridging the Macro and the Micro by Considering the Meso: Reflections on the Fractal Nature of Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dekker, Sidney W. A.; Safety Science Innovation Lab - School of Humanities, Griffith University; University of Queensland; s.dekker@griffith.edu.au.
We pursued the following three interconnected points: (1) there are unexplored opportunities for resilience scholars from different disciplines to cross-inspire and inform, (2) a systems perspective may enhance understanding of human resilience in health and social settings, and (3) resilience is often considered to be fractal, i.e.,  a phenomenon with recognizable or recurring features at a variety of scales. Following a consideration of resilience from a systems perspective, we explain how resilience can, for analytic purposes, be constructed at four scales: micro, meso, macro, and cross-scale. Adding to the cross-scale perspective of the social-ecological field, we have suggested an analytical framework for resilience studies of the health field, which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Human resilience; Organizational resilience; Resilience; Resilience engineering; Societal resilience.
Ano: 2014

Evaluating Discontinuities in Complex Systems: Toward Quantitative Measures of Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stow, Craig; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); Craig.Stow@noaa.gov; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska, USA; allencr@unl.edu; Garmestani, Ahjond S; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov.
The textural discontinuity hypothesis (TDH) is based on the observation that animal body mass distributions exhibit discontinuities that may reflect the texture of the landscape available for exploitation. This idea has been extended to other complex systems, hinting that the identification and quantification of discontinuities in the distributions of appropriate variables may provide clues to emergent system properties such as resilience. We propose a discontinuity index, based on the vector norm of the full assemblage of observed discontinuities, as a means to quantify and compare this characteristic among systems. We also evaluate four methods to identify the number and location of the most prominent discontinuities. Although results of the four methods...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Discontinuities; Textural discontinuity hypothesis; Resilience; Scalebreaks.
Ano: 2007

Syndromes of Production in Agriculture: Prospects for Social-Ecological Regime Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vandermeer, John H.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan; jvander@umich.edu; Perfecto, Ivette; School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan; perfecto@umich.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Production syndromes; Regime change; Stability.
Ano: 2012

Navigating the adaptive cycle: an approach to managing the resilience of social systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fath, Brian D; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University; bfath@towson.edu; Dean, Carly A; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; carly.ann.dean@gmail.com; Katzmair, Harald; FAS.research; harald.katzmair@fas.at.
The concept of resilience continues to crescendo since the 1990s, touching on multiple fields with multiple interpretations and uses. Here, we start from its origins in systems ecology, framing the resilience concept explicitly in the adaptive cycle with the observation that resilient systems are ones that successfully navigate all stages of growth, development, collapse, and reorientation of this cycle. The model is explored in terms of the traps and pathologies that hinder this successful navigation, particularly when applied to socioeconomic organizations and decision-management situations. For example, for continuous function over the adaptive life cycle, a system needs activation energy or resources to grow, followed by adequate structure and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Collapse; Development; Growth; Re-orientation; Resilience; Succession; Thresholds.
Ano: 2015

Seeing the forest for the trees: hybridity and social-ecological symbols, rituals and resilience in postdisaster contexts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tidball, Keith G.; Cornell University, USA; kgtidball@cornell.edu.
The role of community-based natural resources management in the form of  &amp;#8220;greening&amp;#8221; after large scale system shocks and surprises is argued to provide multiple benefits via engagement with living elements of social-ecological systems and subsequent enhanced resilience at multiple scales.  The importance of so-called social-ecological symbols, especially the potent hybrid symbols of trees and their handling after a disaster is interrogated. The paper explores the notion of hybridity, and applies it to the hybrid symbol of the tree in postdisaster contexts.  The paper briefly highlights three U.S. cases documenting the symbolic roles of trees in a context of significant shock to a social-ecological system: the terrorist attacks on New...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Disaster; Hybridity; Resilience; Social science; Symbolism; Trees.
Ano: 2014

Rethinking Partnerships with the Aim of Producing Knowledge with Practical Relevance: a Case Study in the Field of Ecological Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Researchers in conservation biology and restoration ecology often work in partnership with local actors to increase the practical relevance of the knowledge they produce. Although an academic mode of knowledge production is essential in research for a better understanding of biological systems, it often fails to produce frameworks and methodologies having practical relevance that can be used in conservation and restoration programs.  The involvement of researchers in collective plans of action is supposed to contribute to the production of a more contextualized  form of knowledge. In this paper, we report our experience of partnership research in an ecological restoration project. We show that changing our mode of knowledge production to one that produces...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation biology; Genetic resources; Local seeds; Mode of knowledge production; Native species; Problem-finding; Pyrenees; Seed transfer zones; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2008

Navigating the Back Loop: Fostering Social Innovation and Transformation in Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Reinette; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo, Canada; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Carpenter, Stephen R.; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Addressing the environmental challenges of the 21st century requires substantial changes to the way modern society views and manages ecosystems. In particular, many authors contend that fundamental transformation of the largely sectoral, expert-centered ecosystem-management institutions of modern, Western societies is needed. There is increasing agreement that more adaptive, integrated, collaborative ecosystem-management approaches, interlinked at multiple scales, would improve society&amp;#8217;s ability to sustainably manage complex social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Therefore, understanding processes of transformation, and factors that may enable transformation in ecosystem management, has become an active research area. We explore...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Bridging organization; Co-management; Complex systems; Ecosystem management; Social entrepeneur; Social innovation; Transformation.
Ano: 2010

Of Models and Meanings: Cultural Resilience in Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crane, Todd A.; Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University; todd.crane@wur.nl.
Modeling has emerged as a key technology in analysis of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. However, the tendency for modeling to focus on the mechanistic materiality of biophysical systems obscures the diversity of performative social behaviors and normative cultural positions of actors within the modeled system. The fact that changes in the biophysical system can be culturally constructed in different ways means that the perception and pursuit of adaptive pathways can be highly variable. Furthermore, the adoption of biophysically resilient livelihoods can occur under conditions that are subjectively experienced as the radical transformation of cultural systems. The objectives of this work are to: (1) highlight the importance of understanding the place...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agropastoralism; Climate change; Mali; Modeling; Resilience.
Ano: 2010

Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen Agricultural University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Chapin, Terry; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; fschapiniii@alaska.edu.
Resilience thinking addresses the dynamics and development of complex social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SES). Three aspects are central: resilience, adaptability and transformability. These aspects interrelate across multiple scales. Resilience in this context is the capacity of a SES to continually change and adapt yet remain within critical thresholds. Adaptability is part of resilience. It represents the capacity to adjust responses to changing external drivers and internal processes and thereby allow for development along the current trajectory (stability domain). Transformability is the capacity to cross thresholds into new development trajectories. Transformational change at smaller scales enables resilience at larger scales. The capacity to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptability; Adaptation; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Transformability; Transformation.
Ano: 2010

Panarchy Rules: Rethinking Resilience of Agroecosystems, Evidence from Dutch Dairy-Farming
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Apeldoorn, Dirk F.; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University; Alterra, Wageningen UR; dirk.vanapeldoorn@wur.nl; Kok, Kasper; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Sonneveld, Marthijn P.W.; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University ; marthijn.sonneveld@wur.nl; Veldkamp, Tom (A.);  Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University; Alterra, Wageningen UR; University of Twente, ITC faculty ; veldkamp@itc.nl.
Resilience has been growing in importance as a perspective for governing social-ecological systems. The aim of this paper is first to analyze a well-studied human dominated agroecosystem using five existing key heuristics of the resilience perspective and second to discuss the consequences of using this resilience perspective for the future management of similar human dominated agroecosystems.  The human dominated agroecosystem is located in the Dutch Northern Frisian Woodlands where cooperatives of dairy farmers have been attempting to organize a transition toward more viable and environmental friendly agrosystems. A mobilizing element in the cooperatives was the ability of some dairy farmers to obtain high herbage and milk yield production with limited...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystems; Dairy farming; Panarchy; Northern Frisian Woodlands  The Netherlands; Resilience; Soil organic matter.
Ano: 2011

Biodiversity offsetting and restoration under the European Union Habitats Directive: balancing between no net loss and deathbed conservation?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoukens, Hendrik; Department of Public, European, and International Law, Ghent University, Belgium; hendrik.schoukens@ugent.be; Cliquet, An; Department of Public, European, and International Law, Ghent University, Belgium; An.Cliquet@UGent.be.
Biodiversity offsets have emerged as one of the most prominent policy approaches to align economic development with nature protection across many jurisdictions, including the European Union. Given the increased level of scrutiny that needs to be applied when authorizing economic developments near protected Natura 2000 sites, the incorporation of onsite biodiversity offsets in project design has grown increasingly popular in some member states, such as the Netherlands and Belgium. Under this approach, the negative effects of developments are outbalanced by restoration programs that are functionally linked to the infrastructure projects. However, although taking into consideration that the positive effects of onsite restoration measures leads to more leeway...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity offsetting; Briels case; Compensation; Ecological restoration; Habitats Directive; Mitigation.
Ano: 2016

Integrating Ethno-Ecological and Scientific Knowledge of Termites for Sustainable Termite Management and Human Welfare in Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sileshi, Gudeta W; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); sgwelde@yahoo.com; Nyeko, Philip; Makerere University;; Nkunika, Phillip O. Y.; University of Zambia;; Sekematte, Benjamin M; Nikoola Institutional Development Associates;; Akinnifesi, Festus K; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);; Ajayi, Oluyede C; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);.
Despite their well-known role as pests, termites also provide essential ecosystem services. In this paper, we undertook a comprehensive review of studies on human&amp;#8211;termite interactions and farmers&amp;#8217; indigenous knowledge across Sub-Saharan Africa in an effort to build coherent principles for termite management. The review revealed that local communities have comprehensive indigenous knowledge of termite ecology and taxonomy, and apply various indigenous control practices. Many communities also have elaborate knowledge of the nutritional and medicinal value of termites and mushrooms associated with termite nests. Children and women also widely consume termite mound soil for nutritional or other benefits encouraged by indigenous belief...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Biodiversity; Geophagy; Management; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2009

A Revised Conceptual Framework for Payments for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sommerville, Matthew M.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; m.sommerville06@imperial.ac.uk; Jones, Julia P. G.; School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Bangor; julia.jones@bangor.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk.
Over the past decade, &amp;#8220;Payments for Environmental Services&amp;#8221; (PES) have received a great deal of attention as a natural-resource management approach. We propose a revised definition and framework for PES implementation that focuses on the use of positive incentives as the philosophy behind PES and conditionality as the method for influencing behaviors. We note the importance of additionality of PES interventions to justify their value in a wider context. Finally, we highlight the need to understand the local institutional context in terms of the characteristics of buyers, sellers, and their relationship for implementation to be effective. Our framework acts as a platform to begin examining how the variety of options for structuring PES...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Conditional; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Incentives; Institutions; Monitoring; Transactions.
Ano: 2009

How Personal Judgment Influences Scenario Development: an Example for Future Rural Development in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Metzger, Marc J.; Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and Sustainability (CECS), University of Edinburgh ; Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre; marc.metzger@ed.ac.uk; Rounsevell, Mark D.A.; Centre for the study of Environmental Change and Sustainability (CECS), University of Edinburgh;; Van den Heiligenberg, Harm A.R.M.; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL); Province of Utrecht;; Soto Hardiman, Paul; Grupo Alba;.
Scenarios of alternative plausible futures have been used extensively to explore the potential effects of socioeconomic and environmental change. The ultimate objective of any explorative scenario exercise is to assess the variation in possible futures to provide insights into the range of potential outcomes. These results provide stakeholders with guidance for policy development, planning, and management. We explore how personal judgment can influence scenario development. Scenarios for the future of European rural regions are used to explore alternative outcomes under a public interventionist future and a market liberalization oriented future. A transparent qualitative framework is used to identify differences in outcomes based on personal judgment....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy reform; Explorative scenarios; Personal judgment; Rural development; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010

Are We Entering an Era of Concatenated Global Crises?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Duan; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville Australia; ancientantwren@gmail.com; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Dakos, Vasilis; Department of Aquatic Ecology &amp; Water Quality Management, Wageningen University; vasileios.dakos@wur.nl; Scholes, Robert J; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; BScholes@csir.co.za; Schoon, Michael; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Michael.Schoon@asu.edu.
An increase in the frequency and intensity of environmental crises associated with accelerating human-induced global change is of substantial concern to policy makers. The potential impacts, especially on the poor, are exacerbated in an increasingly connected world that enables the emergence of crises that are coupled in time and space. We discuss two factors that can interact to contribute to such an increased concatenation of crises: (1) the increasing strength of global vs. local drivers of change, so that changes become increasingly synchronized; and (2) unprecedented potential for the propagation of crises, and an enhanced risk of management interventions in one region becoming drivers elsewhere, because of increased connectivity. We discuss the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Concatenation; Connectivity; Crisis; Disaster; Food price crisis; Governance; Learning; Thresholds.
Ano: 2011

Developing conservation targets in social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Phillip S; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; phil.levin@noaa.gov; Williams, Gregory D; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; greg.williams@noaa.gov; Rehr, Amanda; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; pearlgrl@gmail.com; Norman, Karma C; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; karma.norman@noaa.gov; Harvey, Chris J; National Marine Fisheries Service; Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov.
The development of targets is foundational in conservation. Although progress has been made in setting targets, the diverse linkages among ecological and social components make target setting for coupled social-ecological systems extremely challenging. Developing integrated social-ecological targets is difficult because it forces policy makers to consider how management actions propagate throughout social-ecological systems, and because ultimately it is society, not scientists, that defines targets. We developed an interdisciplinary approach for identifying management targets and illustrate this approach using an example motivated by Puget Sound, USA. Our approach blends ecological modeling with empirical social science to articulate trade-offs and reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation target; Ecosystem assessment; Scenario analysis; Social norm analysis.
Ano: 2015

Understanding human resilience in the context of interconnected health and social systems: Whose understanding matters most?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Almedom, Astier M.; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, Lund University Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University Centre for Societal Resilience; astieralmedom@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Epistemological plurality; Health and social systems; Human resilience.
Ano: 2015

Key characteristics for tool choice in indicator-based sustainability assessment at farm level
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marchand, Fleur; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Ecosystem Management Research Group and IMDO, University of Antwerp ; fleur.marchand@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Debruyne, Lies; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); lies.debruyne@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Triste, Laure; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); laure.triste@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Gerrard, Catherine; The Organic Research Centre; catherine.g@organicresearchcentre.com; Padel, Susanne; The Organic Research Centre; susanne.p@organicresearchcentre.com; Lauwers, Ludwig; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ghent ; Ludwig.lauwers@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
Although the literature on sustainability assessment tools to support decision making in agriculture is rapidly growing, little attention has been paid to the actual tool choice. We focused on the choice of more complex integrated indicator-based tools at the farm level. The objective was to determine key characteristics as criteria for tool choice. This was done with an in-depth comparison of 2 cases: the Monitoring Tool for Integrated Farm Sustainability and the Public Goods Tool. They differ in characteristics that may influence tool choice: data, time, and budgetary requirements. With an enhanced framework, we derived 11 key characteristics to describe differences between the case tools. Based on the key characteristics, we defined 2 types of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Farm level; Full assessment; Rapid assessment; Sustainability assessment tool; Tool choice.
Ano: 2014

Energy and Water Use Related to the Cultivation of Energy Crops: a Case Study in the Tuscany Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dalla Marta, Anna; DIPSA-University of Firenze; anna.dallamarta@unifi.it; Natali, Francesca; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Mancini, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Ferrise, Roberto; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Bindi, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Orlandini, Simone; DIPSA-University of Firenze;.
The contribution of agrobiomasses, as a source of energy, to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was confirmed by several studies. Biomass from agriculture represents one of the larger and more diverse sources to exploit and in particular  ethanol and diesel have the potential to be a sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, mainly for transport purposes. However, the cultivation of energy crops dedicated to the production of biofuels presents some potential problems, e.g., competitiveness with food crops, water needs, use of fertilizers, etc., and the economic, energy, and environmental convenience of such activity depends on accurate evaluations about the global efficiency of the production system. In this study, the processes related to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroenergy; Bioethanol; Energy balance; Pure vegetable oil; Water balance.
Ano: 2011

Globalization and Land-Use Transitions in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grau, H. Ricardo; Universidad Nacional de Tucuman; CONICET; chilograu@gmail.com; Aide, Mitchell; University of Puerto Rico; tmaide@yahoo.com.
Current socioeconomic drivers of land-use change associated with globalization are producing two contrasting land-use trends in Latin America. Increasing global food demand (particularly in Southeast Asia) accelerates deforestation in areas suitable for modern agriculture (e.g., soybean), severely threatening ecosystems, such as Amazonian rain forests, dry forests, and subtropical grasslands. Additionally, in the coming decades, demand for biofuels may become an emerging threat. In contrast, high yields in modern agricultural systems and rural&amp;#8211;urban migration coupled with remittances promote the abandonment of marginal agricultural lands, thus favoring ecosystem recovery on mountains, deserts, and areas of poor soils, while improving human...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Deforestation; Ecological transition; Forest transition; Globalization; Land-use change; Latin America.
Ano: 2008

Developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support integrated coastal management in a multiuser nature reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vugteveen, Pim; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; pim.vugteveen@sovon.nl; van Katwijk, Marieke M.; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; m.vankatwijk@science.ru.nl; Lenders, H. J. Rob; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; r.lenders@science.ru.nl; Hanssen, Lucien; Deining Societal Communication and Governance, Nijmegen; L.Hanssen@fo.nl.
We elaborate the necessary conceptual and strategic elements for developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in a multiuser nature reserve in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. We discuss quality criteria and enabling actions essential to accomplish and sustain monitoring excellence to support ICM. The Wadden Sea Long-Term Ecosystem Research project (WaLTER) was initiated to develop an adaptive monitoring network and online data portal to better understand and support ICM in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. Our comprehensive approach integrates ecological and socioeconomic data and links research-driven and policy-driven monitoring for system analysis using indicators of pressures, state, benefits, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive monitoring; Capacity building; DPSIR; Integrated coastal management; Monitoring excellence; Wadden Sea.
Ano: 2015

The Political Economy of Cross-Scale Networks in Resource Co-Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; n.adger@uea.ac.uk; Brown, Katrina; University of East Anglia; k.brown@uea.ac.uk; Tompkins, Emma L.; University of East Anglia; e.tompkins@uea.ac.uk.
We investigate linkages between stakeholders in resource management that occur at different spatial and institutional levels and identify the winners and losers in such interactions. So-called cross-scale interactions emerge because of the benefits to individual stakeholder groups in undertaking them or the high costs of not undertaking them. Hence there are uneven gains from cross-scale interactions that are themselves an integral part of social-ecological system governance. The political economy framework outlined here suggests that the determinants of the emergence of cross-scale interactions are the exercise of relative power between stakeholders and their costs of accessing and creating linkages. Cross-scale interactions by powerful stakeholders have...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Institutions; Marine protected areas; Natural resource management; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2005

Beyond Baselines: Rethinking Priorities for Ocean Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Lisa M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; lisa.m.campbell@duke.edu; Gray, Noella J; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; noella.gray@duke.edu; Hazen, Elliott L; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; elliot.hazen@duke.edu; Shackeroff, Janna M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; janna.shackeroff@duke.edu.
In 1995, Daniel Pauly identified a "shifting baselines syndrome" (SBS). Pauly was concerned that scientists measure ecosystem change against their personal recollections of the past and, based on this decidedly short-term view, mismanage fish stocks because they tolerate gradual and incremental elimination of species and set inappropriate recovery goals. As a concept, SBS is simple to grasp and its logic is compelling. Much current work in marine historical ecology is rationalized in part as a means of combating SBS, and the term has also resonated outside of the academy with environmental advocacy groups. Although we recognize both conceptual and operational merit in SBS, we believe that the ultimate impact of SBS on ocean management will be limited by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Human&amp;#8211; Environment relations; Interdisciplinary research; Marine historical ecology.
Ano: 2009

Who is Right to Fish? Evolving a Social Contract for Ethical Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lam, Mimi E.; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; m.lam@fisheries.ubc.ca; Pauly, Daniel; Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Most debates on government fisheries management, focusing on dramatic fishery collapses, have skirted the ethical dimension implicit in the exploitation, for private gain, of fishery resources that are publicly owned. The privilege to fish, a conditional right often nefariously perceived as a legislated &amp;#8220;right,&amp;#8221; implies ethical responsibilities linked to marine stewardship. To date, however, granting this privilege to fish   has not been legally tethered to the fiduciary responsibilities of   businesses to their clients or governments to their citizens:    sustainable management of fisheries and conservation of living marine resources. Legal rights must be coupled with moral responsibilities if governments, private fishing enterprises,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Corporate responsibility; Fisheries management; Fishing privileges; Marine stewardship; Public ownership; Subsidies; Tragedy of the commons.
Ano: 2010

Agency and Resilience: Teachings of Pikangikum First Nation Elders, Northwestern Ontario
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Andrew M.; First Nations University of Canada; amiller@fnuniv.ca; Davidson-Hunt, Iain; Natural Resources Institute; University of Manitoba; davidso4@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agency; Anishinaabe; Other-than-human persons; Pikangikum First Nation; Resilience; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2013

Improving ecosystem service frameworks to address wicked problems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davies, Kathryn K.; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Kate.Davies@niwa.co.nz; Fisher, Karen T.; The University of Auckland; k.fisher@auckland.ac.nz; Dickson, Mark E.; The University of Auckland; m.dickson@auckland.ac.nz; Thrush, Simon F.; Institute of Marine Science; The University of Auckland; s.thrush@auckland.ac.nz; Le Heron, Richard; The University of Auckland; r.leheron@auckland.ac.nz.
Complex problems often result from the multiple interactions between human activities and ecosystems. The interconnected nature of ecological and social systems should be considered if these &amp;#8220;wicked problems&amp;#8221; are to be addressed. Ecosystem service approaches provide an opportunity to link ecosystem function with social values, but in practice the essential role that social dynamics play in the delivery of outcomes remains largely unexplored. Social factors such as management regimes, power relationships, skills, and values, can dramatically affect the definition and delivery of ecosystem services. Input from a diverse group of stakeholders improves the capacity of ecosystem service approaches to address wicked problems by acknowledging...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory modeling; Social capital; Social values; Wicked problems.
Ano: 2015

Insight into Enabling Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Greig, Lorne A.; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; lgreig@essa.com; Marmorek, David R.; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; dmarmorek@essa.com; Murray, Carol; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; cmurray@essa.com; Robinson, Donald C. E.; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; drobinson@essa.com.
The U.S. National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry recognized a need for effective adaptive management to support management for biological diversity. However, difficulties in implementing adaptive management in the U.S. Northwest Forest Plan led the Commission to wonder if comparisons across multiple adaptive management trials in the forest sector could provide insight into the factors that serve to enable or inhibit adaptive management. This comparison and the resulting discussions among a group of seasoned practitioners, with adaptive management experience at a variety of scales and levels of complexity, led to insights into a hierarchy of ten factors that can serve to either enable or inhibit implementation. Doing high quality adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Enabling factors; Forest; Inhibiting factors.
Ano: 2013

Exploring agency beyond humans: the compatibility of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and resilience thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dwiartama, Angga; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; dwiartama@sith.itb.ac.id; Rosin, Christopher; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; chris.rosin@otago.ac.nz.
At first glance, the compatibility of social theory and resilience thinking is not entirely evident, in part because the ontology of the former is rooted in social interactions among human beings rather than ecological process. Despite this difference, resilience thinking engages with particular aspects of  social organization that have generated intense debates within social science, namely the role of humans as integral elements of social-ecological systems and the processes through which given social structures (including material relations) are either maintained or transformed. Among social theoretical approaches, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is noted for its distinctive approach to these aspects. ANT proposes that human and nonhuman components (both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Actor-network; Kiwifruit; Nonhuman agency; Relationality; Rice.
Ano: 2014

Three necessary conditions for establishing effective Sustainable Development Goals in the Anthropocene
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dannenberg, Astrid; The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; ad2901@columbia.edu; McCarney, Geoff; The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; grm2119@columbia.edu; Milkoreit, Manjana; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; manjana@mac.com; Diekert, Florian; Dept. of Economics, University of Oslo, Norway; NoRMER/CEES, Dept. of Biology, University of Oslo, Norway; f.k.diekert@ibv.uio.no; Fishman, Ram; Dept. of Economics, George Washington University, USA; Rfishman@gwu.edu; Gars, Johan; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Sweden; johan.gars@beijer.kva.se; Kyriakopoolou, Efthymia; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; efi.kyriakopoulou@economics.gu.se; Manoussi, Vassiliki; Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece; amanousi@aueb.gr; Meng, Kyle; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; kylemeng@gmail.com; Metian, Marc; Radioecology Laboratory, IAEA Environment Laboratories, Monaco; m.metian@iaea.org; Sanctuary, Mark; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Sweden; mark.sanctuary@ivl.se; Schoon, Michael; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; lisen.schultz@stockholmresilience.su.se.
The purpose of the United Nations-guided process to establish Sustainable Development Goals is to galvanize governments and civil society to rise to the interlinked environmental, societal, and economic challenges we face in the Anthropocene. We argue that the process of setting Sustainable Development Goals should take three key aspects into consideration. First, it should embrace an integrated social-ecological system perspective and acknowledge the key dynamics that such systems entail, including the role of ecosystems in sustaining human wellbeing, multiple cross-scale interactions, and uncertain thresholds. Second, the process needs to address trade-offs between the ambition of goals and the feasibility in reaching them, recognizing biophysical,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Social change; Social-ecological systems; Sustainable Development Goals; Transformations.
Ano: 2014

Sustainable Biomass Energy and Indigenous Cultural Models of Well-being in an Alaska Forest Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sikka, Munish; Former Student at University of Oxford; sikka.munish@gmail.com; Thornton, Thomas F.; Senior Research Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; thomas.thornton@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Forest ecosystems; Indigenous communities; Native corporations; Policy recommendations; Sustainable development; Triple bottom line analysis; Wood-biomass energy.
Ano: 2013

The Fate of Coho Salmon Nomads: The Story of an Estuarine-Rearing Strategy Promoting Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Koski, K V.; The Nature Conservancy Alaska Field Office, Juneau, Alaska, USA; kkoski@tnc.org.
The downstream movement of coho salmon nomads (age 0), conventionally considered surplus fry, has been an accepted characteristic of juvenile coho salmon for the past 40 to 50 yr. The fate of these nomads, however, was not known and they were assumed to perish in the ocean. Several studies and observations have recently provided new insights into the fate of nomads and the role of the stream-estuary ecotone and estuary in developing this life history strategy that promotes coho resilience. Chinook and sockeye salmon have developed the ocean-type life-history strategy to exploit the higher productivity of the estuarine environment and migrate to the ocean at age 0. Nomad coho can acclimate to brackish water, and survive and grow well in the stream-estuary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Age 0; Alaska; Coho salmon; Estuaries; Fry; Life history strategy; Nomads; Resilience; Restoration; Smolts; Stream-estuary ecotone.
Ano: 2009

A New Paradigm for Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Felton, Adam; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; adam.felton@slu.se; Rosvall, Ola; Rosvall Forest Consulting AB; Ola.rosvall@gmail.com.
Uncertainty is a pervasive feature in natural resource management. Adaptive management, an approach that focuses on identifying critical uncertainties to be reduced via diagnostic management experiments, is one favored approach for tackling this reality. While adaptive management is identified as a key method in the environmental management toolbox, there remains a lack of clarity over when its use is appropriate or feasible. Its implementation is often viewed as suitable only in a limited set of circumstances. Here we restructure some of the ideas supporting this view, and show why much of the pessimism around AM may be unwarranted. We present a new framework for deciding when AM is appropriate, feasible, and subsequently successful. We thus present a new...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Experimental management; Experimentation; Management; Natural resource; Participation; Stakeholder; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

A Policy Analysis Perspective on Ecological Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baker, Susan; Cardiff School of Social Sciences/Sustainable Places Institute, Cardiff University; BakerSCM@cardiff.ac.uk.
Using a simple stages model of the policy process, we explore the politics of ecological restoration using an array of examples drawn across sector, different size and scale, and from different countries. A policy analysis perspective reveals how, at both the program and project levels, ecological restoration operates within a complex and dynamic interplay between technical decision making, ideologies, and interest politics. Viewed through the stages model, restoration policy involves negotiating nature across stages in the policy making process, including agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The stages model is a useful heuristic devise; however, this linear model assumes that policy makers approach the issue rationally. In...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Interests and values; Policy cycle; Stages model.
Ano: 2013

The role of public education in governance for resilience in a rapidly changing Arctic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cost, Douglas S; University of Alaska Fairbanks; dscost@alaska.edu.
Education and learning possess powerful potential in affecting future resilience and sustainable states. Here, I focus on unpacking and examining the connections and feedbacks between social-environmental systems (SESs), resilience, and compulsory education. SESs have been problematized as frequently having a poor fit between environmental change and policy solutions. The last few decades have witnessed global recognition of climate change in the Arctic. This has led to discussion and debate over the role of schools in addressing local knowledge, environmental changes, and community priorities. In Alaska, USA, and other Arctic regions, the role of public schools in improving this fit has been largely overlooked. I hypothesize that, as extensions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Governance; Public education; Resilience; Rural schools; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Social-ecological system framework: initial changes and continuing challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGinnis, Michael D.; Indiana University; mcginnis@indiana.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; workshop@indiana.edu.
The social-ecological system (SES) framework investigated in this special issue enables researchers from diverse disciplinary backgrounds working on different resource sectors in disparate geographic areas, biophysical conditions, and temporal domains to share a common vocabulary for the construction and testing of alternative theories and models that determine which influences on processes and outcomes are especially critical in specific empirical settings. We summarize changes that have been made to this framework and discuss a few remaining ambiguities in its formulation. Specifically, we offer a tentative rearrangement of the list of relevant attributes of governance systems and discuss other ways to make this framework applicable to policy settings...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Frameworks; Governance; Institutional analysis; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Land-use regime shifts: an analytical framework and agenda for future land-use research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramankutty, Navin; Liu Institute for Global Issues; Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; navin.ramankutty@ubc.ca; Coomes, Oliver T.; Department of Geography, McGill University; oliver.coomes@mcgill.ca.
A key research frontier in global change research lies in understanding processes of land change to inform predictive models of future land states. We believe that significant advances in the field are hampered by limited attention being paid to critical points of change termed land-use regime shifts. We present an analytical framework for understanding land-use regime shifts. We survey historical events of land change and perform in-depth case studies of soy and shrimp development in Latin America to demonstrate the role of preconditions, triggers, and self-reinforcing processes in driving land-use regime shifts. Whereas the land-use literature demonstrates a good understanding of within-regime dynamics, our understanding of the drivers of land-use regime...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Land-cover change; Land-use change; Latin America; Modeling; Prediction; Regime shifts.
Ano: 2016

Perspectives on Resilience to Disasters across Sectors and Cultures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Ecosystem Science, Australia; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Westley, Frances; Institute for Complexity and Innovation; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Disasters; Resilience; Risk.
Ano: 2011

Why Shade Coffee Does Not Guarantee Biodiversity Conservation.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Silva-Rivera, Evodia; Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana; evsilva@uv.mx; Sutherland, William J; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk.
Over the past decade, various strategies have emerged to address critical habitat losses through agricultural expansion. The promotion of shade-grown, premium-priced coffee has been highlighted as one alternative. Our research, based on interviews with farmers in Chiapas, disputes some of the assumptions made by shade coffee campaigners. Results revealed a predisposition to converting forest to shade coffee production due to the socioeconomic challenges farmers face and the potential for increasing incomes. To ensure that their well-being is improved at the same time as reducing environmental impacts, there is clearly a need to provide more detailed information on who is responsible for enforcing certification criteria and how this should take place.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Alternative coffee; Conservation; Biodiversity; Mexico.
Ano: 2010

Nurturing communities of practice for transdisciplinary research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Roux, Dirk J; Scientific Services, South African National Parks; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; dirk.roux@sanparks.org; Parker, John N.; Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University; Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology, Arizona State University; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California at Santa Barbara.; John.Parker@asu.edu.
Transdisciplinary research practice has become a core element of global sustainability science. Transdisciplinary research brings with it an expectation that people with different backgrounds and interests will learn together through collective problem solving and innovation. Here we introduce the concept of &amp;#8220;transdisciplinary communities of practice, &amp;#8221; and draw on both situated learning theory and transdisciplinary practice to identify three key lessons for people working in, managing, or funding such groups. (1) Opportunities need to be purposefully created for outsiders to observe activities in the core group. (2) Communities of practice cannot be artificially created, but they can be nurtured. (3) Power matters in transdisciplinary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community of practice; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2015

The Problem of Scale in Indigenous Knowledge: a Perspective from Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wohling, Marc; Charles Darwin University; mwohling@brahminyhouse.com.au.
Over the last decade, indigenous knowledge has been widely touted by researchers and natural resource managers as a valuable contributor to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. In Australia, the concept of indigenous knowledge has gained such rapid currency that it has tended toward an essentialized and universal truth rather than remaining a diverse range of highly localized and contested knowledge.   In this paper, I undertake a critical analysis of some of the current issues around the interpretation and application of indigenous knowledge  and its relationship with natural resource management in northern Australia. Through a focus on how indigenous knowledge operates at a range of scales, I argue that indigenous knowledge is not...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Ecological scale; Ecology; Ethnoecology; Indigenous knowledge; Natural resource management; Northern Australia.
Ano: 2009

A Systems Approach Framework for Coastal Zones
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopkins , Tom  S; Institute for Marine Coastal Environment-CNR, Naples, Italy; tom_hopkins@ncsu.edu; Bailly, Denis; University of Brest, Brest, France; Denis.Bailly@univ-brest.fr.
This Special Feature Volume examines the potential value of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF) as a methodological framework for the transition to sustainable development in coastal zones.  This article provides insight on the Systems Approach, the theory behind it, and how its practical application to coastal zone systems (CZSs) was developed.  The SAF is about information for management through a focus on how to generate a higher, dynamic level of information about complex CZSs and how to render this information more useful to end users through a participatory suite of communication methods. The SAF is an open research methodology that investigates the function of systems in order to simulate specific issues or questions concerning their function. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coastal zones; Simulation analysis; Sustainable development; Systems approach.
Ano: 2011

Understanding leadership in the environmental sciences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, Louisa S; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter;   Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Hicks, Christina C; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; christina.c.hicks@gmail.com; Cohen, Philippa J; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; WorldFish; p.cohen@cgiar.org; Case, Peter; College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University; School of Business, University of West England; peter.case@jcu.edu.au; Prideaux, Murray; College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University; murray.prideaux@jcu.edu.au; Mills, David J; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; WorldFish; d.mills@cgiar.org.
Leadership is often assumed, intuitively, to be an important driver of sustainable development. To understand how leadership is conceptualized and analyzed in the environmental sciences and to discover what this research says about leadership outcomes, we conducted a review of environmental leadership research over the last 10 years. We found that much of the environmental leadership literature focuses on a few key individuals and desirable leadership competencies. The literature also reports that leadership is one of the most important of a number of factors contributing to effective environmental governance. Only a subset of the literature highlights interacting sources of leadership, disaggregates leadership outcomes, or evaluates leadership processes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Entrepreneurship; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Forestry; Water.
Ano: 2015

Achieving Success under Pressure in the Conservation of Intensely Used Coastal Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Micheli, Fiorenza; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University,  California, USA; micheli@stanford.edu; Niccolini, Federico; Department of Economics, University of Macerata, Macerata,  Italy; fniccolini@unimc.it.
Understanding how biological conservation and socioeconomic development can be harmonized in social-ecological systems is at the core of sustainability science. We present the case of a Mediterranean marine protected area (MPA), the Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA, that exhibits high ecological performance under intense pressure from fishing, tourism, and coastal development. This case study illustrates how socioeconomic development and significant conservation benefits can coexist, even in a challenging context. Based on this case study, we present a framework for what elements and interactions have determined the high ecological performance of this MPA, and highlight the key leverages that have enabled ecosystem recovery. In particular, the most critical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation performance; Marine protected areas; Mediterranean; Social-ecological systems; Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA; Visionary Organization.
Ano: 2013

Graduate students navigating social-ecological research: insights from the Long-Term Ecological Research Network
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Record, Sydne; Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College; srecord@brynmawr.edu; Ferguson, Paige F. B.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; pfferguson@ua.edu; Benveniste, Elise; Department of Sociology, Michigan State University; elisebenveniste@gmail.com; Graves, Rose A; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin&amp;#8211;Madison; ragraves@wisc.edu; Pfeiffer, Vera W; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin&amp;#8211;Madison; vera.w.pfeiffer@gmail.com; Romolini, Michele; Center for Urban Resilience, Loyola Marymount University; michele.romolini@lmu.edu; Yorke, Christie E; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara; christie.yorke@lifesci.ucsb.edu; Beardmore, Ben; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin&amp;#8211;Madison; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; alan.beardmore@wisconsin.gov.
Interdisciplinary, collaborative research capable of capturing the feedbacks between biophysical and social systems can improve the capacity for sustainable environmental decision making. Networks of researchers provide unique opportunities to foster social-ecological inquiry. Although insights into interdisciplinary research have been discussed elsewhere, they rarely address the role of networks and often come from the perspectives of more senior scientists. We have provided graduate student perspectives on interdisciplinary degree paths from within the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. Focusing on data from a survey of graduate students in the LTER Network and four self-identified successful graduate student research experiences, we examined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Epistemology; Graduate students; Integrated Science for Society and Environment; Interdisciplinary; Long-Term Ecological Research Network.
Ano: 2016

Enrichment Planting in Secondary Forests: a Promising Clean Development Mechanism to Increase Terrestrial Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hawryshyn, Jessica; Department of Biology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; jessica.hawryshyn@gmail.com; Senikas, Alexandra Vyta; Department of Biology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; alexandra.senikas@mail.mcgill.ca; Potvin, Catherine; Department of Biology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca.
With the increasing need to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations, afforestation and reforestation (A/R) projects are being implemented under the Kyoto Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and under the voluntary carbon (C) market. The specific objective of A/R C projects is to enhance terrestrial sinks. They could also provide low-income communities in developing countries with a source of revenue, as well as a number of ecological and social services. However, feasibility issues have hindered implementation of A/R CDMs. We propose enrichment planting (EP) in old fallow using high-value native timber species as a land-use alternative and a small-scale C projects opportunity. We present EP in the context of ongoing work in a poor indigenous community in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Carbon sequestration; Clean development mechanism; Enrichment planting; Indigenous communities; Payments for environmental services; Secondary forests.
Ano: 2009

Toward a Theory of Integrated Urban Ecology: Complementing Pickett et al.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mugerauer, Robert; University of Washington; drbobm@u.washington.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical-social systems; Concepts; Epistemology; Theory; Urban ecosystems.
Ano: 2010

A pedagogical model for integrative training in conservation and sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Welch-Devine, Meredith; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Graduate School, University of Georgia; mwdevine@uga.edu; Hardy, Dean; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; rdhardy@uga.edu; Brosius, J. Peter; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; pbrosius@uga.edu; Heynen, Nik; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; nheynen@uga.edu.
The benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary training are well documented, and several reviews have discussed the particular importance of interdisciplinary training for conservation scholars and practitioners.  We discuss the progress within one university program to implement specific training models, elements, and tools designed to move beyond remaining barriers to graduate-level, interdisciplinary conservation education.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Graduate education; Integrative; Interdisciplinary; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

Adaptive Management Fitness of Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Porzecanski, Ignacio; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida.; igna@ufl.edu; Saunders, Lynn V. ; H. T. Odum Center for Wetlands Phelps Lab, University of Florida, Gainesville.; saunderslv@gmail.com; Brown, Mark T.; H. T. Odum Center for Wetlands Phelps Lab, University of Florida; mtb@ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive Management; Decision-making; Environmental condition; Indicators; Management prescriptions; Watersheds.
Ano: 2012

Vertical Interplay among Scale-dependent Environmental and Resource Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Young, Oran; Bren School, University of California, Santa Barbara; young@bren.ucsb.edu.
Environmental and resource regimes, operating at different levels of social organization, vary in terms of factors such as the sources of actor behavior, the knowledge available to actors, the operation of compliance mechanisms, the use of policy instruments, and the nature of the broader social setting. Cross-level interactions among scale-dependent regimes can result in patterns of dominance, separation, merger, negotiated agreement, or system change. The mechanisms that determine which of these patterns will occur include authority/power differentials, limits of decentralization, dueling discourses, cognitive transitions, and blocking coalitions. Recurrent linkages or syndromes occur in this realm, e.g., limitations of authority and power regularly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cross-level interaction; Institution; Jurisdiction; Regime; Scale; Scale dependence; Vertical interplay.
Ano: 2006

Developing Detailed Foresight Narratives: a Participatory Technique from the Mekong Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Foran, Tira; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; tira.foran@csiro.au; Ward, John; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; j.ward@csiro.au; Kemp-Benedict, Eric J.; Stockholm Environment Institute; erickb@sei-us.org; Smajgl, Alex; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; alex.smajgl@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Asia; Mekong; Methodology; Narrative; Participation; Scenario.
Ano: 2013

Uncertainty in Discount Models and Environmental Accounting
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ludwig, Donald; University of British Columbia; Ludwig@math.ubc.ca; Brock, William A.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; WBrock@ssc.wisc.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is controversial for environmental issues, but is nevertheless employed by many governments and private organizations for making environmental decisions.  Controversy centers on the practice of economic discounting in CBA for decisions that have substantial long-term consequences, as do most environmental decisions.  Customarily, economic discounting has been calculated at a constant exponential rate, a practice that weights the present heavily in comparison with the future.  Recent analyses of economic data show that the assumption of constant exponential discounting should be modified to take into account large uncertainties in long-term discount rates. A proper treatment of this uncertainty requires that we consider returns...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Atlantic right whale; Cost-benefit analysis; Discounting; Ecological economics; Ecosystem service; Eutrophication; Renewable resource; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005

An Approach to Assess Relative Degradation in Dissimilar Forests: Toward a Comparative Assessment of Institutional Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tucker, Catherine M.; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; tuckerc@indiana.edu; Randolph, J. C.; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; randolph@indiana.edu; Evans, Tom; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; evans@indiana.edu; Andersson, Krister P.; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado;; Persha, Lauren; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana;; Green, Glen M.; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana;.
A significant challenge in the assessment of forest management outcomes is the limited ability to compare forest conditions quantitatively across ecological zones. We propose an approach for comparing different forest types through the use of reference forests. We tested our idea by drawing a sample of 42 forests from the Midwest USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, Bolivia, Uganda, and Nepal. We grouped these forests by shared characteristics and selected a reference forest to serve as a baseline for each forest type. We developed an index of disturbances using ratios of several forest measurements to assess differences between each study forest and its reference forest. None of the study forests was known to have been impacted by major natural...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical factors; Comparative analysis; Forest management; Institutions; Multidisciplinary methodology; Reference forests.
Ano: 2008

Solution scanning as a key policy tool: identifying management interventions to help maintain and enhance regulating ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sutherland, William J.; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk; Gardner, Toby; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; tobyagardner@gmail.com; Bogich, Tiffany L.; Princeton University, Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology; tbogich@princeton.edu; Bradbury, Richard B.; Conservation Science Department, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds;; Clothier, Brent; New Zealand Plant &amp; Food Research, Climate Lab;; Jonsson, Mattias; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences;; Kapos, Val; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre;; Lane, Stuart N.; Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Science Laboratories;; Schroeder, Martin; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; martin.schroeder@slu.se; Spalding, Mark; The Nature Conservancy and Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; mspalding@TNC.ORG; Spencer, Tom; Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge;; White, Piran C. L. ; Environment Department, University of York;; Dicks, Lynn V.; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; lvd22@cam.ac.uk.
The major task of policy makers and practitioners when confronted with a resource management problem is to decide on the potential solution(s) to adopt from a range of available options. However, this process is unlikely to be successful and cost effective without access to an independently verified and comprehensive available list of options. There is currently burgeoning interest in ecosystem services and quantitative assessments of their importance and value. Recognition of the value of ecosystem services to human well-being represents an increasingly important argument for protecting and restoring the natural environment, alongside the moral and ethical justifications for conservation. As well as understanding the benefits of ecosystem services, it is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate regulation; Policy making; Pollination; Regulating services; Solution scanning; Water regulation.
Ano: 2014

The role played by social-ecological resilience as a method of integration in interdisciplinary research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beichler, Simone A.; HafenCity University Hamburg; simone.beichler@gmx.de; Hasibovic, Sanin; HafenCity University Hamburg; sanin_hasibovic@gmx.de; Davidse, Bart Jan; HafenCity University Hamburg; bartel-johannes.davidse@hcu-hamburg.de; Deppisch, Sonja; HafenCity University Hamburg; sonja.deppisch@hcu-hamburg.de.
Today&amp;#8217;s multifaceted environmental problems, including climate change, necessitate interdisciplinary research. It is however difficult to combine disciplines to study such complex phenomena. We analyzed the experience we gained in applying a particular method of interdisciplinary integration, the &amp;#8216;bridging concept.&amp;#8217; We outlined the entire process of developing, utilizing, and adapting social-ecological resilience as a bridging concept in a research project involving seven different disciplines. We focused on the tensions and opportunities arising from interdisciplinary dialogue and the understandings and manifestations of resilience in the disciplines involved. By evaluating the specific cognitive and social functions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Bridging concept; Climate change; Interdisciplinarity; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

Citizen Science as a Tool for Conservation in Residential Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cooper, Caren B; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; cbc25@cornell.edu; Dickinson, Janis; Cornell Lab of Ornithology;; Phillips, Tina; Cornell Lab of Ornithology;; Bonney, Rick; Cornell Lab of Ornithology;.
Human activities, such as mining, forestry, and agriculture, strongly influence processes in natural systems. Because conservation has focused on managing and protecting wildlands, research has focused on understanding the indirect influence of these human activities on wildlands. Although a conservation focus on wildlands is critically important, the concept of residential area as an ecosystem is relatively new, and little is known about the potential of such areas to contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. As urban sprawl increases, it becomes urgent to construct a method to research and improve the impacts of management strategies for residential landscapes. If the cumulative activities of individual property owners could help conserve...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Cumulative effects; Residential landscapes; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2007

Instrumental Learning and Sustainability Indicators: Outputs from Co-Construction Experiments in West African Biosphere Reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bouamrane, Meriem; MAB-UNESCO; m.bouamrane@unesco.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Integrated natural resource management; Interaction indicators; Instrumental learning; Local knowledge.
Ano: 2008

Seeing is questioning: prompting sustainability discourses through an evocative visual agenda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomsen, Dana C; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au.
I explore the potential utility of visual imagery to engage viewers in connecting ways with dynamic social-ecological contexts. Constructing photographs in response to the mass stranding of birds (shearwaters) on the east coast of Australia in 2013, I demonstrate the potential of wildlife and landscape photography to represent the impacts of environmental change at personal, relational, spatial, and temporal scales simultaneously.  In so doing, I suggest that the production and interpretation of photographs can lead to responses that: (1) foster attentive forms of vision in familiar contexts; (2) provoke reflexive self-examination and critiques of broader, complex systems; (3) develop emotional connections with those impacted by social-ecological change;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Art; Australia; Autoethnography; Environmental change; Interdisciplinary; Learning for sustainability; Photography; Social-ecological change; Visual communication.
Ano: 2015

Emergence of Global Adaptive Governance for Stewardship of Regional Marine Resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Overfishing has historically caused widespread stock collapses in the Southern Ocean. Until recently, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing threatened to result in the collapse of some of the few remaining valuable fish stocks in the region and vulnerable seabird populations. Currently, this unsustainable fishing has been reduced to less than 10% of former levels. We describe and analyze the emergence of the social-ecological governance system that made it possible to curb the fisheries crisis. For this purpose, we investigated the interplay between actors, social networks, organizations, and institutions in relation to environmental outcomes. We drew on a diversity of methods, including qualitative interviews, quantitative social network and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: CCAMLR; Governance; IUU fishing; Marine ecology; Southern Ocean; Toothfish.
Ano: 2013

A Collaborative Research Process Studying Fruit Availability and Seed Dispersal within an Indigenous Community in  the Middle Caqueta River Region, Colombian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Ano: 2007

The green areas of San Juan, Puerto Rico
Provedor de dados: 7
Green areas, also known as green infrastructure or urban vegetation, are vital to urbanites for their critical roles in mitigating urban heat island effects and climate change and for their provision of multiple ecosystem services and aesthetics. Here, I provide a high spatial resolution snapshot of the green cover distribution of the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico, by incorporating the use of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) as a tool to describe the spatial pattern and connectivity of the city&amp;#8217;s urban green areas. Analysis of a previously developed IKONOS 4-m spatial resolution classification of the city of San Juan from 2002 revealed a larger area of vegetation (green areas or green infrastructure) than previously estimated by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Green areas; Green infrastructure; Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA); Spatial pattern analysis; Urban forests; Urban green area characterization; Urban vegetation.
Ano: 2014

A Portfolio Approach to Analyzing Complex Human-Environment Interactions: Institutions and Land Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Young, Oran R.; University of California at Santa Barbara, Bren School; young@bren.ucsb.edu; Lambin, Eric F.; University of Louvain; lambin@geog.ucl.ac.be; Alcock, Frank; New College of Florida; falcock@ncf.edu; Haberl, Helmut; Institute of Social Ecology; Helmut.Haberl@uni-klu.ac.at; Karlsson, Sylvia I.; Finland Futures Research Centre; sylvia.karlsson@tukkk.fi; McConnell, William J.; LUCC Focus 1 Office; wjmcconn@indiana.edu; Myint, Tun; CIPEC; tmyint@indiana.edu; Polsky, Colin; Clark University; cpolsky@clarku.edu; Ramakrishnan, P. S.; Jawaharlal Nehru University; psrama@jnuniv.ernet.in; Schroeder, Heike; University of California at Santa Barbara; schroeder@bren.ucsb.edu; Scouvart, Marie; University of Louvain; scouvart@geog.ucl.ac.be; Verburg, Peter H; Wageningen University; Peter.Verburg@wur.nl.
The challenge confronting those seeking to understand the institutional dimensions of global environmental change and patterns of land-use and land-cover change is to find effective methods for analyzing the dynamics of socio-ecological systems. Such systems exhibit a number of characteristics that pose problems for the most commonly used statistical techniques and may require additional and innovative analytic tools. This article explores options available to researchers working in this field and recommends a strategy for achieving scientific progress. Statistical procedures developed in other fields of study are often helpful in addressing challenges arising in research into global change. Accordingly, we start with an assessment of some of the enhanced...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Land change; Institutions; Methodology; Analysis; Socio-ecological systems; Statistical techniques.
Ano: 2006

Insight on Invasions and Resilience Derived from Spatiotemporal Discontinuities of Biomass at Local and Regional Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; david.angeler@slu.se; Allen, Craig R; U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; allencr@unl.edu; Johnson, Richard K; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; richard.johnson@slu.se.
Understanding the social and ecological consequences of species invasions is complicated by nonlinearities in processes, and differences in process and structure as scale is changed. Here we use discontinuity analyses to investigate nonlinear patterns in the distribution of biomass of an invasive nuisance species that could indicate scale-specific organization. We analyze biomass patterns in the flagellate Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyta) in 75 boreal lakes during an 11-year period (1997-2007). With simulations using a unimodal null model and cluster analysis, we identified regional groupings of lakes based on their biomass patterns. We evaluated the variability of membership of individual lakes in regional biomass groups. Temporal trends in local and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Algal blooms; Alternative states; Biological invasions; Boreal lakes; Complex adaptive systems; Discontinuities; Landscape ecology; Panarchy; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

Perceiving and Responding to Gradual Landscape Change at the Community Level: Insights from a Case Study on Agricultural Abandonment in the Black Forest, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bieling, Claudia; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; claudia.bieling@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Agricultural abandonment; Communities; Forest transition; Landscape perception; Marginal areas; Response strategies.
Ano: 2013

Can multicriteria assessment tools help build trust into organic products?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Freyer, Bernhard; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); bernhard.freyer@boku.ac.at; Bingen, Jim; Michigan State University, USA; bingen@msu.edu; Paxton, Rebecca; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Rebecca.Paxton@boku.ac.at.
In a continuously expanding, globalizing, and industrializing organic market, organic consumers confront increasing complexity in organic product representation, labeling, and information that challenges how they build trust in organic products. We present a conceptual framework to analyze how consumers might build and practice trust in the organic agrifood chain. We asked specifically about the role of multicriteria assessment tools (MCATs) for trust building. We identified three consumer trust types: uninformed trust in labels (type 1); informed trust in extensive information, control, and certification (type 2); and informed and engaged trust in forms of close farmer&amp;#8211;consumer relationships (type 3). Three concepts of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Governance; Multicriteria assessment tools; Organic farming; Reflexivity; Reflectivity; Systems thinking; Trust.
Ano: 2014

Novel ecosystems in the Anthropocene: a revision of the novel ecosystem concept for pragmatic applications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Nathaniel B.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire; nat.morse@unh.edu; Pellissier, Paul A.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire; pellissier.paul@gmail.com; Cianciola, Elisabeth N.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; epf28@wildcats.unh.edu; Brereton, Richard L.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; rich.brereton@gmail.com; Sullivan, Marleigh M.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; sullivanm12@gmail.com; Shonka, Nicholas K.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; nkw9@wildcats.unh.edu; Wheeler, Tessa B.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; tbq2@wildcats.unh.edu; McDowell, William H.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Bill.McDowell@unh.edu.
Ecologists have developed terminology to distinguish ecosystems based on the degree of human alteration. To this end, ecosystems can be characterized as &amp;#8220;novel ecosystems,&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;impacted ecosystems,&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;designed ecosystems,&amp;#8221; depending on the role of human management in ecosystem development and effects on ecosystem properties. Properly classifying an ecosystem as novel, impacted, or designed has critical implications for its conservation and management, but a broadly applicable definition for a &amp;#8220;novel ecosystem&amp;#8221; does not exist. We have provided a formal definition of &amp;#8220;novel ecosystem&amp;#8221; that facilitates its use in practical applications and have described four...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Novel ecosystem; Resilience; Restoration; Threshold.
Ano: 2014

A Classification Framework for Running Adaptive Management Rapids
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harm Benson, Melinda; University of New Mexico; mhbenson@unm.edu; Morrison, Ryan R.; University of New Mexico; rmorriso@unm.edu; Stone, Mark C.; University of New Mexico; stone@unm.edu.
While adaptive management (AM) is becoming a preferred natural resource management approach, the conditions necessary to engage in AM are not always present. In order for AM to work, there must be an ability to engage in experimentation and then incorporate what is learned. Just as few rivers are unequivocally either &amp;#8220;runnable&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;unrunnable&amp;#8221; by a whitewater boater, successful AM depends on a number of factors, including legal frameworks and requirements, resource allocation regimes, and existing infrastructure. We provide a classification framework for assessing the physical and institutional capacity necessary for AM using the international classification for whitewater. We then apply this classification framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conceptual model; Rio Chama; River restoration.
Ano: 2013

Resilience: Accounting for the Noncomputable
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; Beijer Institute; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Westley, Frances; University of Waterloo; fwestley@watarts.uwaterloo.ca.
Plans to solve complex environmental problems should always consider the role of surprise. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to emphasize known computable aspects of a problem while neglecting aspects that are unknown and failing to ask questions about them. The tendency to ignore the noncomputable can be countered by considering a wide range of perspectives, encouraging transparency with regard to conflicting viewpoints, stimulating a diversity of models, and managing for the emergence of new syntheses that reorganize fragmentary knowledge.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Adaptation; Transformation; Surprise.
Ano: 2009

Making social sense of aquaculture transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bush, Simon R.; Wageningen University; simon.bush@wur.nl; Marschke, Melissa J.; University of Ottawa; mmarschk@uottawa.ca.
Resilience deals explicitly with change and provides a middle ground between the social and the environmental sciences. However, a growing critique by social scientists questions the ability of resilience thinking to adequately examine the social dimensions of change. The question that emerges is how social scientists should engage with resilience. We addressed this question by comparing resilience with agrarian change and transitions theory, through the backdrop of the fastest growing global food sector, aquaculture. Our analysis showed that each theoretical perspective provides fundamentally different insights into social and environmental transition inherent in the aquaculture sector. Although resilience thinking is best suited to assessing the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agrarian change; Aquaculture; Asia; Resilience; Social change; Transition theory.
Ano: 2014

Hydraulic engineering in the social-ecological delta: understanding the interplay between social, ecological, and technological systems in the Dutch delta by means of &amp;#8220;delta trajectories.&amp;#8221;
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Staveren, Martijn F.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; martijn.vanstaveren@wur.nl; van Tatenhove, Jan P. M.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; jan.vantatenhove@wur.nl.
Several of the world's largest deltas have recently been conceptualized as social-ecological delta systems. Although such conceptualizations are valuable in emphasizing complex interaction between social actors and ecological processes in deltas, they do not go into specific dynamics that surround technological developments in the hydraulic domain. By drawing from concepts originating in socio-technical systems research, we stress the importance of technology, particularly the domain of hydraulic engineering, in shaping a delta&amp;#8217;s future. Based on two geographically distinct cases of flood management infrastructure in the Dutch delta, we demonstrate the influence of existing hydraulic works, in mutual interaction with social responses and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive delta management; Delta trajectory; Flood management; Hydraulic engineering; Path dependency; Social-ecological systems; Technological lock-in.
Ano: 2016

Ecological restoration as objective, target, and tool in international biodiversity policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Ecological restoration has been mainstreamed in international biodiversity policies in the last five years. I analyze statements about restoration in three international policies: the Convention for Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Convention for Biodiversity Decision XI/16 on ecosystem restoration, and the European Union&amp;#8217;s Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. I argue that restoration functions at three different levels in these policies: as an objective, as a target, and as a tool. Because restoration appears at all three levels, the policies encourage counting all restoration activity as meeting the objectives of the policy regardless of the activity&amp;#8217;s actual effect on ecosystem services or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Convention on Biological Diversity; Ecological restoration; European Union; Policy.
Ano: 2015

Panarchy: Discontinuities Reveal Similarities in the Dynamic System Structure of Ecological and Social Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garmestani, Ahjond S; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
In this paper, we review the empirical evidence of discontinuous distributions in complex systems within the context of panarchy theory and discuss the significance of discontinuities for understanding emergent properties such as resilience. Over specific spatial-temporal scale ranges, complex systems can configure in a variety of regimes, each defined by a characteristic set of self-organized structures and processes. A system may remain within a regime or dramatically shift to another regime. Understanding the drivers of regime shifts has provided critical insight into system structure and resilience. Although analyses of regime shifts have tended to focus on the system level, new evidence suggests that the same system behaviors operate within scales. In...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Panarchy; Discontinuities; Complex systems; Regime shifts; Resilience.
Ano: 2009

A Multisector Framework for Assessing Community-Based Forest Management: Lessons from Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raik, Daniela B; Cornell University; dbr23@cornell.edu; Decker, Daniel J; Cornell University; djd6@cornell.edu.
Community-based forest management has proliferated throughout Africa as national governments have decentralized the administration of public forestry.  Community-based forestry has taken multiple forms, depending on the assortment of land-tenure systems, forest-use norms, wood demand, and social organization, among others factors. Nature, Wealth, and Power is an analytical framework that has been developed from experiences in natural resource management in Africa. In this paper, we amend the framework to People, Nature, Wealth, and Power (PNWP), and propose it as an analytical lens for community-based forest management initiatives.  We use the PNWP framework to assess the responsiveness of contractual forest management in the Menabe region of Madagascar to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community-based forest management; Decentralization; Forestry; Madagascar.
Ano: 2007

A cultural landscape approach to community-based conservation in Solomon Islands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walter, Richard K; University of Otago; richard.walter@otago.ac.nz; Hamilton, Richard J; The Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Division; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; rhamilton@tnc.org.
International environmental organizations have an increasing commitment to the development of conservation programs in high-diversity regions where indigenous communities maintain customary rights to their lands and seas. A major challenge that these programs face is the alignment of international conservation values with those of the indigenous communities whose cooperation and support are vital. International environmental organizations are focused on biodiversity conservation, but local communities often have a different range of concerns and interests, only some of which relate to biodiversity. One solution to this problem involves adoption of a cultural landscape approach as the ethical and organizational foundation of the conservation program. In our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Biodiversity; Climate change; Coral Triangle; Heritage; Solomon Islands.
Ano: 2014

A guideline to improve qualitative social science publishing in ecology and conservation journals
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moon, Katie; Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra; School of Business, University of New South Wales; katieamoon@gmail.com; Brewer, Tom D.; Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia; tomdbrewer@gmail.com; Adams, Vanessa M.; University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; v.adams@uq.edu.au; Blackman, Deborah A.; School of Business, University of New South Wales; d.blackman@adfa.edu.au.
A rise in qualitative social science manuscripts published in ecology and conservation journals speaks to the growing awareness of the importance of the human dimension in maintaining and improving Earth&amp;#8217;s ecosystems. Given the rise in the quantity of qualitative social science research published in ecology and conservation journals, it is worthwhile quantifying the extent to which this research is meeting established criteria for research design, conduct, and interpretation. Through a comprehensive review of this literature, we aimed to gather and assess data on the nature and extent of information presented on research design published qualitative research articles, which could be used to judge research quality. Our review was based on 146...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Case study; Confirmability; Credibility; Dependability; Methods; Transferability.
Ano: 2016

How to Track Adaptation to Climate Change: A Typology of Approaches for National-Level Application
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ford, James D.; McGill University; james.ford@mcgill.ca; Berrang-Ford, Lea ; McGill University ; lea.berrangford@mcgill.ca; Lesnikowski, Alex; McGill University; alesnikowski@gmail.com; Barrera, Magda; McGill University ;; Heymann, S. Jody; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health ; jody.heymann@ph.ucla.edu.
The need to track climate change adaptation progress is being increasingly recognized but our ability to do the tracking is constrained by the complex nature of adaptation and the absence of measurable outcomes or indicators by which to judge if and how adaptation is occurring. We developed a typology of approaches by which climate change adaptation can be tracked globally at a national level. On the one hand, outcome-based approaches directly measure adaptation progress and effectiveness with reference to avoided climate change impacts. However, given that full exposure to climate change impacts will not happen for decades, alternative approaches focus on developing indicators or proxies by which adaptation can be monitored. These include systematic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation response; Adaptation tracking; Climate change adaptation; Evaluation; Indicators; Methodology; Monitoring; Outcome-based tracking  process-based tracking.
Ano: 2013

Bioenergy Sustainability at the Regional Scale
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dale, Virginia H; Oak Ridge National Lab; dalevh@ornl.gov; Lowrance, Richard; USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory; Richard.Lowrance@ars.usda.gov; Mulholland, Patrick; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; mulhollandpj@ornl.gov; Robertson, G Phillip; W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Robertson@kbs.msu.edu.
The establishment of bioenergy crops will affect ecological processes and their interactions and thus has an influence on ecosystem services provided by the lands on which these crops are grown. The regional-scale effects of bioenergy choices on ecosystem services need special attention because they often have been neglected yet can affect the ecological, social, and economic aspects of sustainability. A regional-scale perspective provides the opportunity to maximize ecosystem services, particularly with regard to water quality and quantity issues, and also to consider other aspects of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. We give special attention to cellulosic feedstocks because of the opportunities they provide.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy crops; Ecosystem services; Landscape; Management.
Ano: 2010

Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Fa, John; Center for International Forestry Research; jfa949@gmail.com; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Despite the fact that sustainability of bushmeat hunting in tropical areas is of major concern for conservation and development practitioners, we still know very little about how to measure sustainability and how to put in place sustainable bushmeat hunting systems. We review the current limits of traditional methods used to investigate sustainability of bushmeat hunting, discuss the need to incorporate the characteristics of complex systems into sustainability assessments, and suggest how resilience theories could assist in understanding bushmeat sustainability and more effective conservation of wildlife in tropical areas. Traditional methods used to assess the sustainability of bushmeat hunting include demographic models of population growth, one-off...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Hunting; Resilience analysis; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability; Tropical areas.
Ano: 2015

Changing U.S. Ocean Policy Can Set a New Direction for Marine Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rosenberg, Andrew A.; University of New Hampshire; andy.rosenberg@unh.edu.
A central concept in a new direction for ocean policy in the United States is ecosystem-based management, that is, implementation of management integrated across sectors of human activity to achieve the common goal of conserving the structure and function of marine ecosystems to provide a full suite of ecosystem services. Fisheries are a critical sector of ocean activity that impacts these ecosystems, and fishery management is in urgent need of reform to perform better from a conservation perspective. Here, I suggest some specific changes in perspective for fishery management as part of an overall ecosystem-based approach.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Marine conservation; Ocean policy.
Ano: 2009

Mapping social values of ecosystem services: What is behind the map?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rojas, Fernanda; Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Austral de Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile; fernanda.rojas@uach.cl; Carmona, Alejandra; Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2); acarmonas@gmail.com.
A growing interest in mapping the social value of ecosystem services (ES) is not yet methodologically aligned with what is actually being mapped. We critically examine aspects of the social value mapping process that might influence map outcomes and limit their practical use in decision making. We rely on an empirical case of participatory mapping, for a single ES (recreation opportunities), which involves diverse stakeholders such as planners, researchers, and community representatives. Value elicitation relied on an individual open-ended interview and a mapping exercise. Interpretation of the narratives and GIS calculations of proximity, centrality, and dispersion helped in exploring the factors driving participants&amp;#8217; answers. Narratives reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cultural ecosystem services; Recreation opportunities; Social value mapping; Southern Chile.
Ano: 2016

Bridges and Barriers to Developing and Conducting Interdisciplinary Graduate-Student Team Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Wayde Cameron; University of Idaho; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center; morsewc@auburn.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; University of Idaho;; Force, Jo Ellen; University of Idaho;; Wulfhorst, J. D.; University of Idaho;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Integration; Interdisciplinary; Team research; Sustainability; Biodiversity; Graduate education; Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship; University of Idaho; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE).
Ano: 2007

Can sense-making tools inform adaptation policy?  A practitioner&amp;#8217;s perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milne, Kyla M. G.; Nova Scotia Environment; milnekm@gov.ns.ca.
As governments struggle to find solutions to complex problems like climate change, policy makers look for tools that can capture complexity and elicit insight.  I explored the application of one such tool, known as &amp;#8220;SenseMaker,&amp;#8221; in helping Canadian policy makers understand the factors that enable or hinder climate change adaptation in Canada.  I have reflected on the usefulness of SenseMaker and of a multiperspective, multimethod approach to investigating perceptions and experiences of adaptation.  The challenges and advantages of applying this analysis in government were explored, and data findings assessed for their impact on policy.  Findings showed that although the approach has promise, further work and testing are needed before...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Complexity; SenseMaker; Sense making; Social psychology; Wicked problems.
Ano: 2015

A message from magic to science: seeing how the brain can be tricked may strengthen our thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Westley, Frances R; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; van Esso, Miguel L.; College of Agriculture, Buenos Aires University; vanesso@agro.uba.ar; Miller, John; Gray Jay Graphics, Wisconsin; grayjayart@charter.net; Bascompte, Jordi; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich; jordi.bascompte@ieu.uzh.ch.
Scientific discoveries rely on creative thinking, and several authors have explored similarities in and differences between creativity in the sciences and that in the arts. Here we explore possible ways in which science can learn from the arts, focusing specifically on experiences derived from the art of magic and on the limitations of human cognition. Generations of stage magicians or &amp;#8220;illusionists&amp;#8221; have made sophisticated use of the weaknesses in human systems of perception and interpretation. We highlight three important principles of magic tricks, including: (1) the audience see what it expects, (2) it is blind to all but the focus of attention, and (3) ideas spring predictably from a primed mind. These principles highlight a number...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Art; Cognitive capacity; Cognitive limitations; Conclusion errors; Confirmation bias; Creative thinking; Illusion; Illusionist; Inattentive blindness; Magic; Magician; Priming; Science; Scientific discovery; Selective attention.
Ano: 2015

The Problem of Fit between Ecosystems and Institutions: Ten Years Later
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Pritchard, Jr., Lowell; Evangelical Environmental Network; rusty@creationcare.org; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Colding, Johan; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; johanc@beijer.kva.se; Svedin, Uno; Swedish Research Council for the Environment; uno.svedin@formas.se.
The problem of fit is about the interplay between the human and ecosystem dimensions in social-ecological systems that are not just linked but truly integrated. This interplay takes place across temporal and spatial scales and institutional and organizational levels in systems that are increasingly being interpreted as complex adaptive systems. In 1997, we were invited to produce one of three background papers related to a, at that time, new initiative called Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDEG), a research activity of the International Human Dimensions Program of Global Environmental Change (IHDP). The paper, which exists as a discussion paper of the IHDP, has generated considerable interest. Here we publish the original paper 10...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Ano: 2007

Examining the adaptability of collaborative governance associated with publicly managed ecosystems over time: insights from the Front Range Roundtable, Colorado, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheng, Antony S; Colorado State University; Tony.CHENG@colostate.edu; Gerlak, Andrea K; University of Arizona; agerlak@isanet.org; Dale, Lisa; Colorado Department of Natural Resources; lisa.dale@state.co.us; Mattor, Katherine; Colorado State University; katherine.mattor@colostate.edu.
We examine the adaptability of collaborative governance regimes associated with publicly managed ecosystems as they move from direction-setting to implementation phases. This is an under-researched topic and is particularly relevant given the growth of collaborative environmental governance efforts around the globe. Through an in-depth analysis of a case study spanning 10 years of the Front Range Roundtable in Colorado, USA, we examine the effect of forces internal and external to the Roundtable on three attributes associated with the adaptive capacity of environmental governance: social capital, learning, and flexibility in implementing innovative actions. We find that the Roundtable has been highly sensitive to internal and external changes, and that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Boundary objects; Collaborative governance; Ecosystem management.
Ano: 2015

Contracts or Scripts? A Critical Review of the Application of Institutional Theories to the Study of Environmental Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hotimsky, Samy; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; s.hotimsky@uea.ac.uk; Cobb, Richard; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; d.cobb@uea.ac.uk; Bond, Alan; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; alan.bond@uea.ac.uk.
The impact of new institutionalism on the study of human environment interactions has been meaningful. Institutional perspectives have further shaped and modified the field problems of common pool resources, environmental hazards, and risk and environmental management. Given the relative potential of institutional theories to increase the comprehension of the various dimensions of human&amp;#8211;environmental interactions, it has become increasingly important to attempt to consolidate different interpretations of what institutions are, and how they mediate and constrain possibilities for more successful environmental outcomes. This article focuses primarily on contending ontological perspectives on institutions and institutional change. It argues that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Environmental change; Institutions; Ontology.
Ano: 2006

Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas: perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frantzeskaki, Niki; DRIFT -  Dutch Research Institute For Transitions, Erasmus University Rotterdam; n.frantzeskaki@drift.eur.nl; Pauleit, Stephan; Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich; pauleit@wzw.tum.de; Naumann, Sandra; Ecologic Institute, Berlin; sandra.naumann@ecologic.eu; Davis, McKenna; Ecologic Institute, Berlin; mckenna.davis@ecologic.eu; Artmann, Martina; Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER), Dresden; Research Group Urban and Landscape Ecology, University of Salzburg; m.artmann@ioer.de; Knapp, Sonja; Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; sonja.knapp@ufz.de; Korn, Horst; German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; Horst.Korn@BfN.de; Stadler, Jutta; German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; Jutta.Stadler@BfN.de; Zaunberger, Karin; European Commission, Environment Directorate General, Brussels; Karin.Zaunberger@ec.europa.eu; Bonn, Aletta; Department Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ;  German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; aletta.bonn@idiv.de.
Nature-based solutions promoting green and blue urban areas have significant potential to decrease the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of cities in light of climatic change. They can thereby help to mitigate climate change-induced impacts and serve as proactive adaptation options for municipalities. We explore the various contexts in which nature-based solutions are relevant for climate mitigation and adaptation in urban areas, identify indicators for assessing the effectiveness of nature-based solutions and related knowledge gaps. In addition, we explore existing barriers and potential opportunities for increasing the scale and effectiveness of nature-based solution implementation. The results were derived from an inter- and transdisciplinary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Cobenefits; Governance; Nature-based solutions; Urban areas.
Ano: 2016

Integrated and Adaptive Management of Water Resources: Tensions, Legacies, and the Next Best Thing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Engle, Nathan L; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/University of Maryland; nathan.engle@pnl.gov; Johns, Owen R; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; orjohns@umich.edu; Lemos, Maria Carmen; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; lemos@umich.edu; Nelson, Donald R; University of Georgia; dnelson@uga.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive management; Institutional inertia; Integrated water resources management; Resilience; Trade-offs; Water governance.
Ano: 2011

The challenges of integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services monitoring and evaluation at a landscape-scale wetland restoration project in the UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hughes, Francine M. R.; Animal and Environment Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; francine.hughes@anglia.ac.uk; Adams, William M.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; wa12@cam.ac.uk; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK; Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK; Stuart.Butchart@birdlife.org; Field, Rob H.; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK; rob.field@rspb.org.uk; Peh, Kelvin S.-H.; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; kelvin.peh@gmail.com; Warrington, Stuart; National Trust, Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve, Wicken, Cambridgeshire, UK; stuart.warrington@nationaltrust.org.uk.
There is an increasing emphasis on the restoration of ecosystem services as well as of biodiversity, especially where restoration projects are planned at a landscape scale. This increase in the diversity of restoration aims has a number of conceptual and practical implications for the way that restoration projects are monitored and evaluated. Landscape-scale projects require monitoring of not only ecosystem services and biodiversity but also of ecosystem processes since these can underpin both. Using the experiences gained at a landscape-scale wetland restoration project in the UK, we discuss a number of issues that need to be considered, including the choice of metrics for monitoring ecosystem services and the difficulties of assessing the interactions...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Ecosystem processes; Ecosystem services; Landscape-scale; Metrics; Monitoring; Restoration; Valuation; Wicken Fen.
Ano: 2016

The curious case of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica stock status in Apalachicola Bay, Florida
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pine III, William E.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; billpine@ufl.edu; Walters, Carl J.; University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Camp, Edward V.; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; edvcamp@ufl.edu; Bouchillon, Rachel; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida; rbouch@ufl.edu; Ahrens, Robert; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; rahrens@ufl.edu; Sturmer, Leslie; Shellfish Aquaculture Extension Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; lnst@ufl.edu; Berrigan, Mark E.; Applied Aquaculture LLC; appliedaquaculture@gmail.com.
The Apalachicola Bay, Florida, eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) industry has annually produced about 10% of the U.S. oyster harvest. Today&amp;#8217;s simple individual-operator, hand-tonging, small-vessel fishery is remarkably similar to the one that began in the 1800s. Unprecedented attention is currently being given to the status of oyster resources in Apalachicola Bay because this fishery has become central to the decision making related to multistate water disputes in the southeastern United States, as well as millions of dollars in funding for restoration programs related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The oyster fishery collapsed in 2012, leading to large economic losses and community concerns over the current and future status of oyster...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Apalachicola; Harvest management; Oysters; Restoration.
Ano: 2015

Avian Information Systems: Developing Web-Based Bird Avoidance Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shamoun-Baranes, Judy; Universiteit van Amsterdam; shamoun@uva.nl; Bouten, Willem; Universiteit van Amsterdam; w.bouten@uva.nl; Buurma, Luit; Bird Strike Fund; LuitBuurma@worldmail.nl; DeFusco, Russell; BASH Inc.; BirdManRuss@aol.com; Dekker, Arie; Royal Netherlands Air Force; a.dekker@mindef.nl; Sierdsema, Henk; SOVON, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology; Henk.Sierdsema@sovon.nl; Sluiter, Floris; Universiteit van Amsterdam; fsluiter@science.uva.nl; van Belle, Jelmer; Royal Netherlands Air Force; jelmer.van.belle@hetnet.nl; van Gasteren, Hans; Royal Netherlands Air Force; JR.v.Gasteren@mindef.nl; van Loon, Emiel; Universiteit van Amsterdam; vanloon@uva.nl.
Collisions between aircraft and birds, so-called &amp;#8220;bird strikes,&amp;#8221; can result in serious damage to aircraft and even in the loss of lives. Information about the distribution of birds in the air and on the ground can be used to reduce the risk of bird strikes and their impact on operations en route and in and around air fields. Although a wealth of bird distribution and density data is collected by numerous organizations, these data are not readily available nor interpretable by aviation. This paper presents two national efforts, one in the Netherlands and one in the United States, to develop bird avoidance nodels for aviation. These models integrate data and expert knowledge on bird distributions and migratory behavior to provide hazard...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Birds; Distribution; Flight safety; Migration; Spatial modeling; Web services.
Ano: 2008

Discovering Resilient Pathways for South African Water Management: Two Frameworks for a Vision
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bohensky, Erin L; University of Pretoria and CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; erin.bohensky@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Resilience; Resilient pathways; South Africa; Water management.
Ano: 2008

Key insights for the future of urban ecosystem services research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kremer, Peleg; Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University; Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School; peleg.kremer@villanova.edu; McPhearson, Timon; Urban Ecology Lab, Environmental Studies Program, The New School; timon.mcphearson@newschool.edu; Frantzeskaki, Niki; DRIFT, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam; n.frantzeskaki@drift.eur.nl; Andersson, Erik; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; erik.andersson@su.se; Rall, Emily L; Technical University of Munich, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management; e.rall@tum.de; Bertram, Christine; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Research Area The Environment and Natural Resources; christine.bertram@ifw-kiel.de; Hansen, Rieke; Technical University of Munich, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management; hansen@tum.de; Kaczorowska, Anna; Department of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology; anna.kaczorowska@chalmers.se; Kain, Jaan-Henrik; Department of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology; kain@chalmers.se; Kronenberg, Jakub; Department of International Economics, University of Lodz; kronenbe@uni.lodz.pl; Pauleit, Stephan; Technical University of Munich, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management; pauleit@wzw.tum.de; Rehdanz, Katrin; University of Kiel, Department of Economics; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Research Area The Environment and Natural Resources; katrin.rehdanz@ifw-kiel.de; Schewenius, Maria; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; maria.schewenius@su.se; van Ham, Chantal; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; chantal.vanham@iucn.org; Wurster, Daniel; ; daniel.wurster@gmx.at; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; thomas.elmqvist@su.se.
Understanding the dynamics of urban ecosystem services is a necessary requirement for adequate planning, management, and governance of urban green infrastructure. Through the three-year Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) research project, we conducted case study and comparative research on urban biodiversity and ecosystem services across seven cities in Europe and the United States. Reviewing &amp;#62; 50 peer-reviewed publications from the project, we present and discuss seven key insights that reflect cumulative findings from the project as well as the state-of-the-art knowledge in urban ecosystem services research. The insights from our review indicate that cross-sectoral, multiscale, interdisciplinary research is beginning to provide a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Social-ecological systems; Urban ecology; Urban ecosystem services; Urban green infrastructure; Urban liveability; Urban planning.
Ano: 2016

An Ecological View of the History of the City of Cape Town
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Pippin  M. L.; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science and African Centre for Cities, UCT  ; pippin.anderson@uct.ac.za.
Rapid global urbanization and the knowledge that ecological systems underpin the future sustainability and resilience of our cities, make an understanding of urban ecology critical. The way humans engage with ecological processes within cities is highly complex, and both from a social and ecological perspective these engagements cannot be interpreted meaningfully on the basis of a single timeframe. Historical analyses offer useful insights into the nature of social-ecological interactions under diverse conditions, enabling improved decision-making into the future.  We present an historical review of the evolving relationship between the urban settlement of Cape Town and the ecological processes inherent to its natural surroundings. Since its establishment,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological history; Ecosystem services; City of Cape Town; Social ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Evidence, Perceptions, and Trade-offs Associated with Invasive Alien Plant Control in the Table Mountain National Park, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Wilgen, Brian W; Centre for Invasion Biology; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; bvwilgen@csir.co.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Ecosystem management; Forestry; Fynbos; Pines.
Ano: 2012

Sustainable Forest Management in Cameroon Needs More than Approved Forest Management Plans
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cerutti, Paolo Omar; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia; p.cerutti@cgiar.org; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia; r.nasi@cgiar.org; Tacconi, Luca; Crawford School of Economics and Government, The Australian National University; luca.tacconi@anu.edu.au.
One of the main objectives of the 1994 Cameroonian forestry law is to improve the management of production forests by including minimum safeguards for sustainability into compulsory forest management plans. As of 2007, about 3.5 million hectares (60%) of the productive forests are harvested following the prescriptions of 49 approved management plans. The development and implementation of these forest management plans has been interpreted by several international organizations as long awaited evidence that sustainable management is applied to production forests in Cameroon. Recent reviews of some plans have concluded, however, that their quality was inadequate. This paper aims at taking these few analyses further by assessing the actual impacts that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cameroon; Certification; Law enforcement; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2008

Beyond Roadkill, Radiotracking, Recapture and FST&amp;#8212;a Review of Some Genetic Methods to Improve Understanding of the Influence of Roads on Wildlife
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Simmons, Jody M; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; jodymichellesimmons@yahoo.com.au; Sunnucks, Paul; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; paul.sunnucks@sci.monash.edu.au; Taylor, Andrea C; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; andrea.taylor@sci.monash.edu.au; van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au.
Habitat fragmentation continues to occur despite increasing evidence of its adverse effects on ecosystems. One of the major detrimental effects of roads and traffic is the creation of barriers or filters to the movement of wildlife, ultimately disconnecting some populations. Our understanding of the extent to which roads reduce the movement of biota is mostly based on field-based observational methods of inferring animal movement, and to a much smaller extent, on allele frequency-based genetic analyses. Field-based methods, as it is typically feasible to apply them, tend to be informative at fine temporal and spatial scales. Allele frequency-based genetic methods are informative at broad geographic scales but at timescales usually greater than recent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Barrier; Dispersal; Gene flow; Genotypic analyses; Habitat fragmentation; Road ecology.
Ano: 2010

Community Adaptation to the Hebei-Spirit Oil Spill
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheong, So-Min; University of Kansas; somin@ku.edu.
The focus of the research is the significance of dependence for communities to survive and adapt in times of environmental disasters.  It shifts the emphasis on self-reliant communities for survival and examines the types and effects of dependence and external linkages by analyzing the range of community responses that include initial responses, early social impact, compensation, and conflicts after the Hebei-Spirit oil spill in December 2007 in Korea.  The findings reveal that dependence is necessary, and the effects of dependence can be both positive and negative depending on the relations between external entities and affected communities as well as the community capacity to absorb resources and information.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community adaptation; Community dependence; Resource; Hebei-Spirit; Knowledge; Oil spill.
Ano: 2012

Building resilient pathways to transformation when &amp;#8220;no one is in charge&amp;#8221;: insights from Australia's Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Nick; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ; nick.abel@csiro.au; Wise, Russell M.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; russell.wise@csiro.au; Colloff, Matthew J.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Matt.Colloff@csiro.au; Walker, Brian H.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; brian.walker@csiro.au; Butler, James R. A.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; james.butler@csiro.au; Ryan, Paul; Australian Resilience Centre; paulryan@internode.on.net; Norman, Chris; Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority; chrisn@gbcma.vic.gov.au; Langston, Art; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; art.langston@csiro.au; Anderies, John M.; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Gorddard, Russell; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Russell.Gorddard@csiro.au; Dunlop, Michael; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; michael.dunlop@csiro.au; O'Connell, Deborah; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; deborah.o'connell@csiro.au.
Climate change and its interactions with complex socioeconomic dynamics dictate the need for decision makers to move from incremental adaptation toward transformation as societies try to cope with unprecedented and uncertain change. Developing pathways toward transformation is especially difficult in regions with multiple contested resource uses and rights, with diverse decision makers and rules, and where high uncertainty is generated by differences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values, understanding of climate change, and ways of adapting. Such a region is the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, from which we provide insights for developing a process to address these constraints. We present criteria for sequencing actions along adaptation pathways: feasibility...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation pathways; Climate change; Collective action; Domain shift; Equity; Irrigation; Resilience; Social conflict; Transformation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2016

A mixed-methods analysis of social-ecological feedbacks between urbanization and forest persistence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: BenDor, Todd; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; bendor@unc.edu; Shoemaker, Douglas A.; North Carolina State University; douglas.shoemaker@gmail.com; Thill, Jean-Claude; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Jean-Claude.Thill@uncc.edu; Dorning, Monica A.; North Carolina State University; madorning@gmail.com; Meentemeyer, Ross K.; North Carolina State University; ross_meentemeyer@ncsu.edu.
We examined how social-ecological factors in the land-change decision-making process influenced neighboring decisions and trajectories of alternative landscape ecologies. We decomposed individual landowner decisions to conserve or develop forests in the rapidly growing Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S. region, exposing and quantifying the effects of forest quality, and social and cultural dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that the intrinsic value of forest resources, e.g., cultural attachment to land, influence woodland owners&amp;#8217; propensity to sell. Data were collected from a sample of urban, nonindustrial private forest (U-NIPF) owners using an individualized survey design that spatially matched land-owner responses to the ecological and timber...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Forest persistence; Land-use change; Social-ecological feedbacks; Tax policy; Urban forests; Urbanization.
Ano: 2014

Understanding Recreational Fishers&amp;#8217; Compliance with No-take Zones in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias, Adrian; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; adrian.arias@my.jcu.edu.au; Sutton, Stephen G.; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University ; stephen.sutton@jcu.edu.au.
Understanding fishers&amp;#8217; compliance is essential for the successful management of marine protected areas. We used the random response technique (RRT) to assess recreational fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with no-take zones in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). The RRT allowed the asking of a sensitive question, i.e.,  &amp;#8220;Did you, knowingly, fish within in a Green Zone during the last 12 months?&amp;#8221; while protecting respondents&amp;#8217; confidentiality. Application of the RRT through a survey of recreational fishers indicated that the majority of recreational fishers, 90%, comply with no-take zones. Likewise, most fishers, 92%, reported not personally knowing anyone who had intentionally fished in a no-take zone, indicating...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Compliance; False consensus effect; Great Barrier Reef; Illegal fishing; Marine protected area; Marine reserve; No-take zones; Poaching; Random response technique (RRT); Recreational fishing.
Ano: 2013

Disturbance and distributions: avoiding exclusion in a warming world
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU); Douglas.Sheil@nmbu.no.
I highlight how disturbance determines species distributions and the implications for conservation practice. In particular, I describe opportunities to mitigate some of the threats to species resulting from climate change. Ecological theory shows that disturbance processes can often slow or prevent the exclusion of species by competitors and that different disturbance regimes result in different realized niches. There is much evidence of disturbance influencing where species occur. For example, disturbance can lower the high elevation treeline, thus expanding the area for high elevation vegetation that cannot otherwise persist under tree cover. The role of disturbance in influencing interspecific competition and resulting species persistence and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Competition-colonization trade-off; Competitive displacement; Competitive hierarchy; Elevation; Intermediate-disturbance-hypothesis; Source-sink dynamics; Succession.
Ano: 2016

Trade-offs in ecosystem services and varying stakeholder preferences: evaluating conflicts, obstacles, and opportunities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: King, Elizabeth; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu.
In efforts to increase human well-being while maintaining the natural systems and processes upon which we depend, navigating the trade-offs that can arise between different ecosystem services is a profound challenge.  We evaluated a recently developed simple analytic framework for assessing ecosystem service trade-offs, which characterizes such trade-offs in terms of their underlying biophysical constraints as well as divergences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values for the services in question. Through a workshop and subsequent discussions, we identified four different types of challenging situations under which the framework allows important insights to clarify the nature of stakeholder conflicts, obstacles to promoting more sustainable outcomes, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical constraint; Conflict; Ecosystem service; Human values; Participatory tool; Production possibility frontier; Sustainability; Trade-off; Utility.
Ano: 2015

Improving the Effectiveness of Interventions to Balance Conservation and Development: a Conceptual Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garnett, Stephen T; Charles Darwin University; stephen.garnett@cdu.edu.au; Sayer, Jeffrey; World Wide Fund for Nature; JSayer@wwfint.org; du Toit, Johan; Utah State University; johan.dutoit@usu.edu.
There are numerous case studies around the world describing integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs). Recently some localized syntheses have been published that use sophisticated statistics to identify patterns and causal linkages, but no attempt has yet been made to draw together lessons from across the globe. This paper is an attempt to provide a framework for such an analysis. A set of lessons is proposed for improving the prospects of ICDPs by giving consideration to each of the five capitals: natural, social, human, built, and financial. The language of ICDPs has been adopted by development agencies of all persuasions. There is now some urgency to identify the characteristics of the environment and the community in which success is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Integrated conservation and development; Natural capital; Social capital.
Ano: 2007