Consulta: subjectFacets:"Risk assessment"
Registros recuperados: 56
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 08:19:10

Límites máximos de residuos e intervalos de seguridad de plaguicidas en tuna, Opuntia ficus-indica
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Aldama Aguilera, Cristóbal.
Dado que no existen plaguicidas registrados para el manejo fitosanitario de las  plagas que afectan la producción de tuna, Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Miller 1768,  se propusieron límites máximos de residuos (LMRs) de siete plaguicidas en esta  fruta. En la evaluación del riesgo dietético crónico se estimaron los niveles de  exposición con los métodos de Ingesta Diaria Teórica Máxima (IDTM) e Ingesta  Diaria Estimada (IDE). En 2006, se realizaron dos aplicaciones de los  plaguicidas malatión, clorpirifos, permetrina, diazinón y dimetoato a la dosis  máxima recomendada en las etiquetas. A partir de la segunda aplicación, se  realizaron muestreos a los 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días después de la aplicación  (DDA) y la determinación de sus residuos se hizo por...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Evaluación del riesgo; Análisis de residuos de plaguicidas; Curvas de disipación; Intervalo precosecha; Doctorado; Entomología y Acarología; Risk assessment; Pesticide residue analysis; Decline curves; Preharvest intervals.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1378

Monitoring Old Growth in Frequent-fire Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fiedler, Carl E.; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana; carl.fiedler@umontana.edu; Friederici, Peter; School of Communication, Northern Arizona University; peter.friederici@nau.edu; Petruncio, Mark; Forestry Program, Yakama Nation; petruncio@yakama.com.
In this article, we discuss how to monitor the structural and functional attributes of old growth, as well as its associated plant communities and wildlife, both to determine the possible need for treatment and to assess post-treatment progress toward desired conditions. Monitoring can be used to detect conditions (or agents) that threaten existing old growth and also to document indicators of healthy, functioning old-growth systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Disturbance agents; Monitoring; Physiological/functional indicators; Risk assessment; Structural indicators.
Ano: 2007

Tackling Biocomplexity with Meta-models for Species Risk Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nyhus, Philip J.; Environmental Studies Program, Colby College; pjnyhus@colby.edu; Lacy, Robert; Chicago Zoological Society; rlacy@ix.netcom.com; Westley, Frances R; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; westley@wisc.edu; Miller, Philip; Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN); pmiller@cbsg.org; Vredenburg, Harrie; Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary; harrie.vredenburg@haskayne.ucalgary.ca; Paquet, Paul; Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary; ppaquet@sasktel.net; Pollak, John; Visual Biosystems; jp@visualbiosystems.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biocomplexity; Endangered species; Human dimension; Meta-model; Population viability analysis; Risk assessment; VORTEX.
Ano: 2007

The Identification of Potential Resilient Estuary-based Enterprises to Encourage Economic Empowerment in South Africa: a Toolkit Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowd, Rebecca; School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; rebecca@greendoorgroup.co.za; Quinn, Nevil; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England; nevil.quinn@uwe.ac.uk; Kotze, Donovan C; School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; kotzed@ukzn.ac.za; Hay, Duncan G; Independent Consultant; hay@ukzn.ac.za; Mander, Myles; Eco-Futures; myles@eco-futures.co.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory tools; Risk assessment; Social-ecological systems; Stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2012

Distribution and Causes of Global Forest Fragmentation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wade, Timothy G; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wade.timothy@epa.gov; Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James D; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wickham.james@epa.gov; Jones, K. Bruce; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; jones.bruce@epa.gov.
Because human land uses tend to expand over time, forests that share a high proportion of their borders with anthropogenic uses are at higher risk of further degradation than forests that share a high proportion of their borders with non-forest, natural land cover (e.g., wetland). Using 1-km advanced very high  resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite-based land cover, we present a method to separate forest fragmentation into natural and anthropogenic components, and report results for all inhabited continents summarized by World Wildlife Fund biomes. Globally, over half of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome and nearly one quarter of the tropical rainforest biome have been fragmented or removed by humans, as opposed to only 4% of the boreal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest fragmentation; Forest pattern; Global; Risk assessment; Targeting.
Ano: 2003

Integrating local pastoral knowledge, participatory mapping, and species distribution modeling for risk assessment of invasive rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Ethiopia&amp;#8217;s Afar region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luizza, Matthew W.; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; mwluizza@rams.colostate.edu; Wakie, Tewodros; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; tewodros.wakie@colostate.edu; Evangelista, Paul H.; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; paul.evangelista@colostate.edu; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center; jarnevichc@usgs.gov.
The threats posed by invasive plants span ecosystems and economies worldwide. Local knowledge of biological invasions has proven beneficial for invasive species research, but to date no work has integrated this knowledge with species distribution modeling for invasion risk assessments. In this study, we integrated pastoral knowledge with Maxent modeling to assess the suitable habitat and potential impacts of invasive Cryptostegia grandiflora Robx. Ex R.Br. (rubber vine) in Ethiopia&amp;#8217;s Afar region. We conducted focus groups with seven villages across the Amibara and Awash-Fentale districts. Pastoral knowledge revealed the growing threat of rubber vine, which to date has received limited attention in Ethiopia, and whose presence in Afar was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Afar region; Citizen science; Cryptostegia grandiflora; Ethiopia; Invasive species; Local ecological knowledge; Maxent; Participatory mapping; Pastoral livelihoods; Risk assessment; Rubber vine; Species distribution modeling.
Ano: 2016

Public Health and Epidemiological Considerations For Avian Influenza Risk Mapping and Risk Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dudley, Joseph P.; Joseph P. Dudley, Chief Scientist, Science Applications International Corporation, Modeling and Analysis Division; Research Associate, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks and Department of Earth Science-University of Alaska Museum; joseph.p.dudley@saic.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Biosecurity; Epidemiology; Geographic distribution; Health; Risk assessment; Risk mapping.
Ano: 2008

Genetically Modified Organisms at the Crossroads: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Lonsdale, Mark; CSIRO Entomology; mark.lonsdale@ento.csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: GMO technology; Agriculture; Ecosystem effects; Genetically modified organisms; Indirect effects; Introduced species; Risk analysis; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000

A Framework for Spatial Risk Assessments: Potential Impacts of Nonindigenous Invasive Species on Native Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig R; USGS  Nebraska Cooperative Fish &amp; Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Johnson, Alan R; Clemson University; alanj@clemson.edu; Parris, Leslie; Clemson University; leslie.parris@us.army.mil.
Many populations of wild animals and plants are declining and face increasing threats from habitat fragmentation and loss as well as exposure to stressors ranging from toxicants to diseases to invasive nonindigenous species. We describe and demonstrate a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment that allows for the incorporation of a broad array of information that may influence the distribution of an invasive species, toxicants, or other stressors, and the incorporation of landscape variables that may influence the spread of a species or substances. The first step in our analyses is to develop species models and quantify spatial overlap between stressor and target organisms. Risk is assessed as the product of spatial overlap and a hazard index based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Declining species; Invasive species; Nonindigenous species; Risk assessment; Spatial risk.
Ano: 2006

Assessing Extinction Risk: Integrating Genetic Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dunham, Jason; University of Nevada-Reno; jdunham@proaxis.com; Peacock, Mary; University of Nevada-Reno; mpeacock@scs.unr.edu; Tracy, C. Richard; University of Nevada-Reno; dtracy@unr.edu; Nielsen, Jennifer; Stanford University; jnielsen@leland.stanford.edu; Vinyard, Gary; University of Nevada-Reno; gvinyard@med.unr.edu.
Risks of population extinction have been estimated using a variety of methods incorporating information from different spatial and temporal scales. We briefly consider how several broad classes of extinction risk assessments, including population viability analysis, incidence functions, and ranking methods integrate information on different temporal and spatial scales. In many circumstances, data from surveys of neutral genetic variability within, and among, populations can provide information useful for assessing extinction risk. Patterns of genetic variability resulting from past and present ecological and demographic events, can indicate risks of extinction that are otherwise difficult to infer from ecological and demographic analyses alone. We provide...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Extinction risk; Genetic variation; Incidence function analysis; Population viability analysis; Ranking methods; Risk assessment; Spatial scale; Temporal scale.
Ano: 1999

Viability and Risk Assessment in Species Restoration: Planning Reintroductions for the Wild Boar, a Potential Disease Reservoir
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ  Centre for Environmental Research; stephanie.kramer@ufz.de; Thulke, Hans-Hermann; UFZ  Centre for Environmental Research; hans.thulke@ufz.de.
The reintroduction of large mammals is often considered a priority conservation action in highly industrialized countries in which many of these species have been depleted. However, species reintroduction after decades of absence may involve important risks for human activities and ecological communities, such as favoring the spread of diseases. An example of a potentially troublesome reintroduction is the wild boar, which may act as a reservoir of diseases, e.g., classical swine fever, and cause high economic losses, and has become a species of concern in several European countries for both ecological and recreational reasons. Failure to prevent the disease consequences of species restoration can negate its conservation benefits. Here we evaluated the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Introduced species; Risk assessment; Rule-based habitat models; Spatially explicit population models; Species reintroduction; Sus scrofa; Wildlife diseases.
Ano: 2006

The Risks and Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Cunningham, Saul; CSIRO Entomology; saul.cunningham@ento.csiro.au; Deutsch, Lisa; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; lisad@system.ecology.su.se; Erickson, Jon; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; erickj@rpi.edu; Quinlan, Allyson; Conservation Ecology; aquinlan@resalliance.org; Tinch, Robert; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; R.Tinch@uea.ac.uk; Troell, Max; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; max@system.ecology.su.se; Woodbury, Peter; Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research; pbw1@cornell.edu; Zens, Scot; Department of Biology, Dartmouth College; zens@dartmouth.edu.
The benefits and risks of any particular GM crop depend on the interactions of its ecological functions and natural history with the agroecosystem and ecosystems within which it is embedded. These evolutionary and ecological factors must be considered when assessing GM crops. We argue that the assessment of GM crops should be broadened to include alternative agricultural practices, ecosystem management, and agricultural policy. Such an assessment would be facilitated by a clearer understanding of the indirect costs of agriculture and the ecological services that support it. The benefits of GM crops should be compared to those of other means of agricultural intensification such as organic farming, integrated pest management, and agricultural policy reform....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biotechnology; Genetically modified crops (GM); Interdisciplinary; Public dialogue; Regulation; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000

Hereditary cancer risk assessment: insights and perspectives for the Next-Generation Sequencing era
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Gomy,Israel; Diz,Maria Del Pilar Estevez.
Abstract Hereditary cancer risk assessment is a multidisciplinary and dynamic process, with the purpose of estimating probabilities of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes and assessing empiric risks of cancer based on personal and family histories, in order to offer clinical and molecular diagnoses and clinical management based on these risks. Genetic tests are available and most of them are reimbursed by insurance companies, although they are generally not covered by the public health systems of developing countries. More recently, molecular diagnosis of hereditary cancer is feasible through next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. Here we review the benefits and limitations of NGS technologies in the clinical practice.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Next-generation sequencing; Hereditary cancer; Genetic counseling; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572016000200184

Avaliação dos riscos ambientais e alimentares do trigo geneticamente modificado - Método GMP-RAM para avaliação caso a caso de plantas geneticamente modificadas.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CREMONEZI, S. M. N.; JESUS-HITZSCHKY, K. R. E.; LIMA, D. U.
bitstream/item/125267/1/2007FD05.pdf
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: OGM; Planta transgênica; Impacto ambiental; Trigo; Transgenic plants; Risk assessment; Wheat.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/15993

Emprego e adaptação do método GMP-RAM para avaliação dos riscos das nanotecnologias.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: BUENO, C. de C.; JESUS, K. R. E. de.
Resumo: A Nanotecnologia está baseada na crescente capacidade da tecnologia moderna em manipular átomos e partículas na nanoescala para criar novos materiais e desenvolver novos produtos e processos. Ela promete grandes avanços nas mais diversas áreas de atuação, desde a Medicina à Engenharia de Materiais. Apesar dos materiais nanoestruturados apresentarem propriedades físicas diferentes do seu correspondente convencional, ainda não há metodologias para avaliação de riscos direcionadas ao uso intensivo desses novos materiais e substâncias químicas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho propõe o emprego e adequação de uma metodologia comumente empregada para a avaliação de risco de transgênicos para o caso das nanotecnologias. O método GMP-RAM já foi empregado...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Nanotecnologia; Avaliação de risco; Metodologia; Análise de risco; Risk assessment; Nanotechnology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/912790

A decision-making framework to reduce the risk of collisions between ships and whales
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sèbe, Maxime; Kontovas, Christos, A.; Pendleton, Linwood.
Ship strikes are one of the main human-induced threats to whale survival. A variety of measures have been used or proposed to reduce collisions and subsequent mortality of whales. These include operational measures, such as mandatory speed reduction, or technical ones, such as detection tools. There is, however, a lack of a systematic approach to assessing the various measures that can mitigate the risk of ship collisions with whales. In this paper, a holistic approach is proposed to evaluate mitigation measures based on a risk assessment framework that has been adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), namely the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is “a rational and systematic process for assessing the risk...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Whale; Collision; Ship strikes; Risk assessment; Cost-effectiveness.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00588/69982/67892.pdf

Merchant ships discharging unwanted marine species in close proximity of a French aquaculture area: Risks involved
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Masson, Daniel; Thomas, Gerard; Genauzeau, Sylvie; Le Moine, Olivier; Derrien, Annick.
The most important oyster farming area in Europe is in a close proximity of two medium size merchant ports. Cargo ships deballast in this area before loading, releasing unwanted or noxious marine species. During a sampling campaign aboard these arriving ships, we found in some ballast water samples a huge number of potentially toxic dinoflagellates and some potentially pathogenic bacteria. A model was applied to find the potential geographical spread of the discharged ballast water. This model predicts the water to reach highly vulnerable shellfish farmed areas in six to eight days.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ballast water; Risk assessment; Toxin producing dinoflagellates; Shellfish farming; La Rochelle; Pathogenic bacteria.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00160/27130/25328.pdf

Toxicity assessment of peptaibols and contaminated sediments on Crassostrea gigas embryos
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Poirier, Laurence; Quiniou, Francoise; Ruiz, Nicolas; Montagu, Monique; Amiard, Jean-claude; Pouchus, Yves François.
Peptaibols are known membrane-modifying peptides that were recently detected in marine sediments and mussels collected from a shellfish farming area (Fier d'Ars, Atlantic coast, France). In this investigation, embryotoxicity bioassays with oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were performed to assess acute toxicity of alamethicin and different groups of peptaibols produced by a Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain isolated from marine environment. C gigas embryos appeared very sensitive to all the metabolites examined with higher toxic effects for long-sequence peptides (EC50 ranging from 10 to 64nM). D-shaped larvae with mantle abnormality were particularly noticed when peptaibol concentrations increased. Disturbances of embryogenesis were also observed following...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Embryotoxicity; Bivalve bioassay; Mycotoxins; Marine fungi.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2680.pdf

Technical paper on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: FAO/WHO.
World bivalve molluscs production (capture + aquaculture) has been increasing substantially in the last fifty years, going from nearly one million tonnes in 1950 to about 15 million tonnes in 2012. Being filter feeders, bivalves utilise natural plankton and detritus as feed and do not require artificial feeds. But this filter feeding nature is also the reason for the requirement of strict environmental hygiene to produce bivalves safe for human consumption. They tend to concentrate microorganisms, toxins and chemicals from the environment and therefore, their safety management requires stringent sanitary measures to ensure consumer protection. Following the request of Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products (CCFFP), FAO/WHO agreed to develop a...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Toxicity; Shellfish; Risk assessment; Fisheries; Fishery products; Consumer protection; Food safety; Aquatic environment.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00360/47124/47058.pdf

DIPNET - A European project to evaluate disease interactions and pathogen exchange between farmed and wild aquatic animal population fish, shellfish and crustaceans
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Miossec, Laurence; Garseth, A. H.; Midtlyng, P. J.; Raynard, R.; Peeler, E.; De Bals, I.
DIPNET (Disease Interaction and Pathogen exchange Network) is a co-ordination action funded under the UE Framework programme 6 priority 8 Scientific Support to Policy (SSP). The principal objective of DIPNET is to increase scientific knowledge of the potential transfer of pathogens and diseases between wild and farmed fish and shellfish populations. DIPNET started in October 2004 and is a 2 year project. The project is organized in four work packages. Work package (WP) 1 is focused on a literature review of disease interactions and pathogen exchange between farm and wild aquatic animals. This analysis includes both published and unpublished literature. The work covers a wide range of habitats and species within Europe and, where relevant, world-wide. WP1...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: DIPNET; Crustaceans; Shellfish; Fish; Epidemiology; Risk assessment; Diseases; Transfer of pathogens.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/acte-3325.pdf

Health risk assessment related to pinnatoxins in French shellfish
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Arnich, Nathalie; Abadie, Eric; Delcourt, Nicolas; Fessard, Valérie; Fremy, Jean-marc; Hort, Vincent; Lagrange, Emmeline; Maignien, Thomas; Molgó, Jordi; Peyrat, Marie-bénédicte; Vernoux, Jean-paul; Mattei, César.
Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are a group of emerging marine biotoxins produced by the benthic dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, currently not regulated in Europe or in any other country in the world. In France, PnTXs were detected for the first time in 2011, in mussels from the Ingril lagoon (South of France, Mediterranean coast). Since then, analyses carried out in mussels from this lagoon have shown high concentrations of PnTXs for several months each year. PnTXs have also been detected, to a lesser extent, in mussels from other Mediterranean lagoons and on the Atlantic and Corsican coasts. In the French data, the main analog is PnTX G (low levels of PnTX A are also present in some samples). No cases of PnTXs poisoning in humans have been reported so far in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pinnatoxins; Shellfish; Emerging marine biotoxins; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00619/73105/72236.pdf

Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) Technology for the Monitoring of Aquatic Toxins: A Review
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Roue, Melanie; Darius, Helene Taiana; Chinain, Mireille.
The Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology, first introduced in 2004, uses porous synthetic resins capable of passively adsorbing toxins produced by harmful microalgae or cyanobacteria and dissolved in the water. This method allows for the detection of toxic compounds directly in the water column and offers numerous advantages over current monitoring techniques (e.g., shellfish or fish testing and microalgae/cyanobacteria cell detection), despite some limitations. Numerous laboratory and field studies, testing different adsorbent substrates of which Diaion((R)) HP20 resin appears to be the most versatile substrate, have been carried out worldwide to assess the applicability of these passive monitoring devices to the detection of toxins...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: SPATT technology; Passive monitoring; Risk assessment; Harmful algal blooms; Aquatic toxins; Microalgae; Cyanobacteria.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00660/77225/78667.pdf

Chlordecone in the marine environment around the French West Indies: from measurement to pollution management decisions
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bertrand, Jacques; Bodiguel, Xavier; Abarnou, Alain; Reynal, Lionel; Bocquene, Gilles.
Chlordecone is a very persistent insecticide used in banana plantations of the French West Indies between 1972 and 1993. Chlordecone residues were found in inland water, in agricultural and freshwater products, and in marine organisms. This pollution has become of great concern in 2007. Therefore, a governmental action Plan was launched to better assess the pollution and to improve the consumer’s protection. Within this plan, 1048 samples from 69 different species of marine fishes and crustaceans were collected all around both the Guadeloupe and the Martinique Islands and analyzed. The results confirm the presence of chlordecone in marine organisms, with highly variable concentrations (from the detection limit to 1000 μg.kg-1). In 17.9 % of the samples,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Chlordecone (Kepone); French West Indies; Fishes; Crustaceans; Organochlorinated contaminant; Risk assessment; Pollution management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00014/12511/9361.pdf

Gut passage times in two bivalve molluscs fed toxic microalgae: Alexandrium minutum, A-catenella and Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gueguen, Marielle; Lassus, Patrick; Laabir, Mohamed; Bardouil, Michele; Baron, Regis; Sechet, Veronique; Truquet, Philippe; Amzil, Zouher; Barille, Laurent.
The occurrence of new phytoplankton species in a coastal area may be explained by the import of shellfish containing whole live algal cells in their digestive tracts. Indeed, shellfish containing toxic algal cells can induce both primary contaminations in safe areas ( initially free from toxic microalgae), and secondary contaminations of other shellfish growing in the same area via the faeces of the imported animals. To mitigate this problem, shellfish need to be placed in a separate holding tank and their intestinal content purged. For a deeper understanding of the risks associated with transferring contaminated shellfish, oysters ( Crassostrea gigas) and mussels ( Mytilus edulis) were purposely fed either Alexandrium minutum or A. catenella (...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Toxic phytoplankton; Uptake; Gut passage; Mytilus edulis; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3897.pdf

Les risques sanitaires liés à la présence d'Ostreopsis ovata dans les eaux de baignade ou d'activités nautiques
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kermarec, Florence; Dor, Frederic; Armengaud, Alexis; Charlet, Francis; Kantin, Roger; Sauzade, Didier; De Haro, Luc.
An initial surveillance system of Ostreopsis ovata was set Lip along the Mediterranean coast in the summer of 2007. To Strengthen and adapt this system, we reviewed the information available for a health risk assessment of this monocellular species of algae that produces palytoxin and is increasingly observed in the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2002, this species has been reported to be responsible for many human cases of irritation, Cough, fever and respiratory problems in Europe. It is not Currently possible to determine if palytoxin causes these health effects, which follow aerosol inhalation. Ingestion of contaminated seafood may lead to very serious poisoning, but no such case has yet been described in Europe. A "dose-response' relation cannot be...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Mediterranean Sea; Marine toxins; Algae; Toxines flore et faune marines; Mer Méditerranée; Évaluation du risque; Algues.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6164.pdf

Reducing whale-ship collisions by better estimating damages to ships
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sèbe, Maxime; Kontovas, Christos A.; Pendleton, Linwood.
Collisions between ships and whales raise environmental, safety, and economic concerns. The management of whale-ship collisions, however, lacks a holistic approach, unlike the management of other types of wildlife-vehicle collisions, which have been more standardized for several years now. In particular, safety and economic factors are routinely omitted in the assessment of proposed mitigation solutions to ship strikes, possibly leading to under-compliance and a lack of acceptance from the stakeholders. In this study, we estimate the probability of ship damage due to a whale-ship collision. While the probability of damage is low, the costs could be important, suggesting that property damages are significant enough to be taken into consideration when...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Whale-ship collision; Damage; Cost; FSA; Wildlife-vehicle collision; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00601/71327/69757.pdf

Exploration behaviour and flight response toward a stimulus in three sea bass strains (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Millot, Sandie; Begout, Marie-laure; Chatain, Beatrice.
Domestication and selection may affect fish behaviour, sometime as soon as at the first generation of domestication. However, knowledge about how both processes impact on fish spatial exploration and swimming activity still is to be improved. The objective of this experiment was (i) to evaluate spatial exploration behaviour and swimming activities of three sea bass strains having different domestication and selection levels and (ii) to analyse their responses to an acute stress. Sea bass exploration and swimming activities were studied before, during and 40 min after a stimulation (standardized fall of an object). The experimental tank was divided in to four zones, and the time spent, the distance travelled in each zone and the swimming complexity were...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Thigmotaxis; Risk assessment; Danger avoidance; Swimming activity; Personality; Selection; Domestication.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6458.pdf

Foodborne viruses: Detection, risk assessment, and control options in food processing
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bosch, Albert; Gkogka, Elissavet; Le Guyader, Soizick; Loisy-hamon, Fabienne; Lee, Alvin; Van Lieshout, Lilou; Marthi, Balkumar; Myrmel, Mette; Sansom, Annette; Schultz, Anna Charlotte; Winkler, Anett; Zuber, Sophie; Phister, Trevor.
In a recent report by risk assessment experts on the identification of food safety priorities using the Delphi technique, foodborne viruses were recognized among the top rated food safety priorities and have become a greater concern to the food industry over the past few years. Food safety experts agreed that control measures for viruses throughout the food chain are required. However, much still needs to be understood with regard to the effectiveness of these controls and how to properly validate their performance, whether it is personal hygiene of food handlers or the effects of processing of at risk foods or the interpretation and action required on positive virus test result. This manuscript provides a description of foodborne viruses and their...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Virus; Detection; Risk assessment; Food; Processing technologies.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00443/55507/57057.pdf

L'argent (Ag, nanoAg) comme contaminant émergeant dans l'Estuaire de la Gironde : évaluations scientifiques et gouvernance des risques
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Salles, Denis; Roumezi, Alexis; Lanceleur, Laurent; Schaefer, Jorg; Petit, Jerome; Blanc, Gerard; Coynel, Alexandra; Chiffoleau, Jean-francois; Auger, Dominique.
This article presents the results of multidisciplinary research (geochemistry, sociology) into the increasing concentrations of silver (Ag and nanoAg) in the environment and their potential impact on aquatic environments. We investigate simultaneously the risk of contamination of these environments by silver and the process of the social and political construction of this risk by water managers, health authorities, agencies and committees responsible for expert evaluations, environmental associations, and potential users of silver or nano-silver. Four updated models of risk construction allow us to understand the logic of arguments mobilized at this stage of the emerging risk. This interdisciplinary cooperation opens up possibilities for dealing with some...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Environment; Estuaries; Geochemistry; Interdisciplinary communication; Nanotechnology; Risk assessment; Risk management; Silver; Sociology; Water pollutants.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00156/26736/24939.pdf

Accumulation of nine metals and one metalloid in the tropical scallop Comptopallium radula from coral reefs in New Caledonia
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Metian, M.; Bustamante, Paco; Hedouin, L.; Warnau, M.
Uptake of waterborne Cd, Co, Mn and Zn was determined in laboratory experiments using radiotracer techniques (Cd-109, Co-57, Mn-54 and Zn-65). Labelled Zn was mainly accumulated in the digestive gland (65%) and Co in kidneys (81%); Cd and Mn were similarly distributed in digestive gland and gills. In a complementary field study, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn were analysed in scallops collected at two stations showing different contamination levels. Digestive gland and kidneys displayed the highest concentrations. Ag, As, Cd, and Fe differed in soft tissues from the two stations, suggesting that Comptopallium radula could be a valuable local biomonitor species for these elements. Low Mn and Zn concentrations found in kidneys suggest that their...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bioindicator species; Risk assessment; Pectinidae; Radiotracers; Arsenic; Trace elements; Tropical environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6953.pdf

Total mercury in the fish Trichiurus lepturus from a tropical estuary in relation to length, weight, and season
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Barbosa,Scheyla C. T; Costa,Monica F; Barletta,Mário; Dantas,David Valença; Kehrig,Helena A; Malm,Olaf.
The Goiana River Estuary (7º30'S 34º47'W) is a typical estuary of the semi-arid tropical regions. This estuary shelters a rich fauna of fish, crustaceans and mollusks which play an important role in the life of traditional populations. It is also the main recipient of the effluents from the sugarcane agro-industry and sewage from settlements and villages. Trichiurus lepturus (n = 104), from the Goiana Estuary were examined for total mercury contents during ten months (2005 to 2007) spaning two dry seasons and part of a rainy season. The studied individuals showed weight (W) (204.1±97.9 g) and total length (TL) (63.1±10.1 cm, range 29.5-89.0 cm) with a significant (p&lt;0.05) correlation. Correlation between TL and Hg-T (r = 0.37286) and between W and Hg-T...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Estuarine fish; Mercury bioavailability; Risk assessment; Seasonal changes; Trichiuridae.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000100018

Bridging the gap between BSE risk assessment and consumer perception of the surveillance system in Japan
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: KADOHIRA, Mutsuyo; HILL, Glen; SAWADA, Manabu; YOSHIDA, Seiko; 門平, 睦代; ヒル, グレン; 澤田, 学; 吉田, 省子.
Since the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was encountered in Japan in 2001, the country quickly responded with a change from passive to active surveillance. The response has not been a smooth one, though, and news media have contributed to opening the public’s eyes to inadequate behavior from government sources responsible for monitoring and protecting the health of consumers. The resultant information“gap” has served to augment the typical Japanese perceptions of risk assessment, as assessed in surveys from 2003 to 2005. Such false beliefs have caused consumers to call for 100% testing of animals for BSE despite accepted scientific standards which do not support such comprehensive and costly surveillance. Instead, testing agencies...
Palavras-chave: BSE; Risk assessment; Surveillance; Risk perception; リスク評価; サーベイランス; リスク認知.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3110

Fusarium oxysporum strains as biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt: effects on soil microbial biomass and activity
Provedor de dados: 86
Autores: Ghini,Raquel; Mezzalama,Monica; Ambrosoli,Roberto; Barberis,Elisabetta; Garibaldi,Angelo; Piedade,Sônia Maria de Stefano.
Before planning the large-scale use of nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum as biocontrol agents of Fusarium wilt, their behaviour and potential impact on soil ecosystems should be carefully studied as part of risk assessment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of antagonistic F. oxysporum strains, genetically manipulated (T26/6) or not (233/1), on soil microbial biomass and activity. The effects were evaluated, in North-western Italy, in two soils from different sites at Albenga, one natural and the other previously solarized, and in a third soil obtained from a 10-year-old poplar stand (Popolus sp.), near Carignano. There were no detectable effects on ATP, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, and biomass P that could be attributed to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biological control; Soilborne pathogen; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2000000100012

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REFORM AND THE UNHOLY TRINITY: UNFUNDED MANDATES, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Infanger,   Craig L.
Major regulatory reform issues which involve environmental policy include issues of unfunded mandates, risk assessment, and property rights. Each of these proposed reforms involves major changes in environmental policies with impacts on different groups. Property rights is the core issue in Congress and state legislatures, with both regulatory takings and just compensation being the major parameters. Economists can participate effectively in this policy debate with successful research and education programs addressing the divisive issues.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulatory reform; Property rights; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15223

The Role of Health Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Decision Making in Selected Countries: An Initial Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazurek,   Janice V.
This paper seeks to inform the current "regulatory reform" effort in the U.S. by describing how information from risk assessments and cost-benefit analyses is used by decision makers in six other industrialized countries. In Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada and the European Union decision makers deal with uncertainties associated with risk assessments differently than in the U.S. They are less likely to employ "default assumptions" to bridge uncertainties and instead tailor risk  evaluations to the chemical in question. Furthermore, while U.S. agencies are sometimes required to pair information from risk assessments with data from cost-benefit analyses in order to estimate how much it costs to stem or avert environmental and health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory reform; Risk assessment; Cost-benefit analysis; International environmental; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10475

Salmonellosis Control: Estimated Economic Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Tanya.
Salmonellosis, a common human intestinal disorder primarily caused by contaminated meats and poultry, attacks an estimated two million Americans annually. Using a cost of illness approach, the medical costs and productivity losses alone were estimated to cost around one billion dollars in 1987. If pain and suffering, lost leisure time, and chronic disease costs could be quantified, the estimate would increase significantly. Other procedures for calculating the value of life could either raise or lower the estimated economic benefits of reducing human salmonellosis. Incorporating losses to farmers, whose animals have reduced feed efficiency, reduced weight gain, or deaths because of chronic salmonellosis, would also increase the estimates. Also excluded...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Salmonella; Salmonellosis; Foodborne disease costs; Economic costs; Risk assessment; Risk characterization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115797

Risk and Subsidies in Czech Agriculture - an ex-ante Analysis of Farmers´ Decision-making
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jelinek,   Ladislav; Foltyn,   Ivan; Spicka,   Jindrich; Ratinger,   Tomas.
This paper deals with the ex-ante analysis of the effects of farm subsidies on farm behaviour. Beside that the risk factor is implemented in the farm model to reflect and quantify potential (negative) impact on farm results. A farm-level optimization model is used to assess the effects of different kind of policies and risk on production structure, income indicators and land use management. It appeared that a reasonable level of risk (via income variation) have impact, but not significant. If liberalisation would have happened (zero direct and disadvantageous payments) production would homogenised, 30% of land would remained abandoned, production and income would clearly decline. Other scenario points out that environmental objectives (here through more...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrarian policy; Risk assessment; Farm model; Direct payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99066

Industry Compliance Costs: What Would They Look Like in a Risk-Based Integrated Food System?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unnevehr,   Laurian J.; Jensen,   Helen H.
Current policies designed to improve food safety rely on regulation and market incentives. However, the mix of both private and public incentives to improve food safety and the dynamics of industry response to regulation make analysis of the costs of food safety complex. The paper provides an overview of costs of food safety regulation and control in recent literature for both pesticide and microbial controls and draws lessons for identifying cost-effective food safety approaches. Four lessons emerge concerning industry compliance costs. First, the distribution of costs is likely to be more important than market price effects. Second, regulation has an impact on long-run incentives to invest in new technologies or inputs and therefore may bias the nature...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic costs of food safety; Food safety; Regulation; Risk assessment; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18559

Risk Assessments, Blacklists, and White Lists for Introduced Species: Are Predictions Good Enough to Be Useful?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simberloff,   Daniel.
The United States regulates deliberate species introduction by blacklists: any species not blacklisted may be imported. Half of invasive introduced species were deliberately introduced, yet most were not blacklisted, so this system is not working. White lists are also needed: no species can be deliberately introduced unless experts place it on a white list. The United States has not closed pathways for inadvertent introductions, which are regulated by international treaties. Risk assessments for introduced species have mostly targeted species as potential vectors for pathogens rather than as potentially invasive themselves. Although multilateral treaties mandate quantitative risk assessments for exclusions of species or goods that may carry them,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Blacklist; Risk assessment; Suminoe oyster; White list; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10171

Predicting Potential Invasive Species Distribution: An Application to New Zealand Mudsnails in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   Youngah; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Chan,   Samuel; Harte,   Michael.
Quantitative approach for invasive species risk assessment
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; New Zealand mudsnail; Gravity model; Maxent model; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103646

Scrap Tires in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso: Ranking the Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Palma,   Alejandra.
According to conventional wisdom, rapidly growing stocks of scrap tires on the U.S.-Mexico border pose a variety of health and environmental risks. This article assesses these risks in Paso del Norte, the border's second-largest metropolis comprised principally of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and El Paso, Texas. We find that air pollution from tire pile fires poses the greatest threat. Scrap tires in Paso del Norte do not contribute significantly to the propagation of mosquito-borne diseases or to shortages of space in solid waste disposal sites. The burning of scrap tires at industrial facilities is minimal and might not have significant adverse environmental impacts even if it were more common.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scrap tires; U.S.-Mexico border; Environment; Health; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; O54.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10583

Risk assessment and management of genetically modified organisms under Australia's Gene Technology Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Linacre,   Nicholas A.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Komen,   John; MacLaren,   Donald.
Compared to both Canada and the United States, Australia has been slow to approve commercial planting of transgenic crops. Two probable reasons exist for the slow approval rate of transgenic crops in Australia. The first reason is community perceptions about the risks associated with transgenic technologies. The second is the regulatory framework currently employed to approve commercial releases. This paper examines some of the potential regulatory issues that may be affecting the review process and approval of transgenic technologies. First we provide a brief introduction to the regulatory structure in Australia, second we consider the impact of regional, national and state jurisdictions, third we argue that the regulator needs to consider the use of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55414

Advanced Methods for Dose-Response Assessment: Bayesian Approaches - Final Report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   James D.
Resources for the Future (RFF), in conjunction with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Society for Risk Analysis, and the Electric Power Research Institute, held a workshop Sept. 18-20, 2000, at the RFF Conference Center in Washington, DC. The intent was to discuss how Bayesian approaches could be useful in improving techniques for estimating exposure-response functions. Ten distinguished scholars from a range of fields (medical biostatistics, decision sciences, environmental engineering, and toxicology) served as faculty. Approximately 80 people attended the workshop. Bayesian methods have been applied to a variety of problems in biomedical research and environmental risk analysis, including design of clinical trials, estimation of exposures to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayesian analysis; Dose-response; Regulation; Risk assessment; Arsenic; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10754

Food Safety Management in a Global Environment: The Role of Risk Assessment Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuentes-Pila,   Joaquin; Jimeno,   Vicente; Manzano,   Amparo; Rodriguez Monroy,   Carlos; Mar Fernandez,   Maria Del.
Quantitative risk assessment models are playing a minor role in the development of the new EU legal framework for food safety. There is a tendency of the EU institutions to apply the precautionary principle versus the predisposition of the USA institutions to rely on risk analysis. This paper provides a comparison of the role played by quantitative risk assessment models in the development of new policies on food safety in the EU and in the USA, focusing on a study case: the supply chain of shell eggs. We suggest that EU regulatory bodies should reconsider the role that quantitative risk assessment models have to play in order to design more effective food safety management systems.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety policy; Food safety assurance; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Precautionary principle; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7737

A Risk Assessment Model on Pine Wood Nematode in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   T.; Hengeveld,   G.M.; Robinet,   C.; Mourits,   Monique; van der Werf,   Wopke; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Pine wood nematode, B. xylophilus poses a serious threat for the European forest industry. This study applies a quantitative risk assessment to analyze the risk of pine wood nematode in the EU, by estimating the reduction expected within forestry stock available for wood supply and its downstream roundwood market. Spatial analysis is used to join information on climate suitability, host distribution, pest spread and value of assets. Economic impacts are presented spatially on a NUTS-2 scale based on partial budgeting technique and for the EU as a whole based on partial equilibrium modeling. Results highlight the Southern regions of Europe as high risk areas with a total impact on available forestry stock of 19,000 M € after 20 years of an outbreak and no...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Pine wood nematode; Economic analysis; EU; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116010

Food Safety: Inferences for the Scientific Community
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Francis,   F.J.
This paper examines the process of determining food safety and its implications for the scientific community. Of the two main categories of food safety, microorganisms and chemicals, the paper focuses on the latter. The importance of chemical use in agriculture is discussed along with public perceptions of such practices. The rapid introduction of new chemicals has outpaced the scientific community’s ability to test for toxicity and interpret its results. Testing and interpretation is confounded by the natural presence of chemicals in food. Limitations of animal experiments are discussed along with problems of calculating and communication risk, the latter being subject to public fear and outrage. The scientific community’s efforts to inform the public...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Food chemicals; Risk assessment; Food science; Science education; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90368

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD CROPS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Provedor de dados: 37
Autores: ACOSTA,ORLANDO; CHAPARRO,ALEJANDRO.
The progress made in plant biotechnology has provided an opportunity to new food crops being developed having desirable traits for improving crop yield, reducing the use of agrochemicals and adding nutritional properties to staple crops. However, genetically modified (GM) crops have become a subject of intense debate in which opponents argue that GM crops represent a threat to individual freedom, the environment, public health and traditional economies. Despite the advances in food crop agriculture, the current world situation is still characterised by massive hunger and chronic malnutrition, representing a major public health problem. Biofortified GM crops have been considered an important and complementary strategy for delivering naturally-fortified...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biofortification; Genetically modified food; Public health; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-548X2008000300001

Environmental risk for aquatic and terrestrial organisms associated with drift from pesticides used in soybean crops
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: BUENO,MARIANA R.; CUNHA,JOÃO PAULO A.R. DA.
Abstract  Several countries included the assessment of environmental drift contamination risk for the registration of pesticides. This practice is not yet totality effective in Brazil; however, due to the large number of pesticides in use, it is important to identify the real contamination risk during pesticide spraying. Therefore, this study determined the indices of environmental risks for exposure to drift from terrestrial applications of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides that are used in soybean crops under Brazilian climate conditions and established buffer zones for the application of these products. Based on the three prediction drift models for soybeans in Brazil, risk indices were computed for aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Drift curves; Glycine max; Pesticide application technology; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652020000201007

Tools used to estimate soil quality in coal combustion waste areas
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: SILVA JÚNIOR,FLAVIO M.R. DA; VARGAS,VERA M.F.
Soil is a highly complex environmental compartment that has suffered with the contamination of substances of various origins. Among the main activities that affect soil quality are power generation activities that use fossil fuels, such as mineral coal. Environmental protection agencies encourage scientific investigations using tools described in legal devices or standard protocols to evaluate the potential of coal as a pollutant, especially in places that have large reserves of this mineral like the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The aim of this study was to characterize the leached extracts of different soils from an area influenced by coal waste, to classify them according to the guideline values for groundwater described in CONAMA's n. 420/2009, and to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Mutagenesis; Soil ingestion; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652014000200769

Animal models of anxiety: an ethological perspective
Provedor de dados: 56
In the field of anxiety research, animal models are used as screening tools in the search for compounds with therapeutic potential and as simulations for research on mechanisms underlying emotional behaviour. However, a solely pharmacological approach to the validation of such tests has resulted in distinct problems with their applicability to systems other than those involving the benzodiazepine/GABAA receptor complex. In this context, recent developments in our understanding of mammalian defensive behaviour have not only prompted the development of new models but also attempts to refine existing ones. The present review focuses on the application of ethological techniques to one of the most widely used animal models of anxiety, the elevated plus-maze...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Animal models of anxiety; Ethology; Defence; Risk assessment; Plus-maze; Behavioural profiling; Pharmacology.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000300002

Critical notes on microbiological risk assessment of food
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Reij,Martine W.; van Schothorst,Michiel.
Although numerous papers on Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA) of food products have been published, a number of issues related to it remain unresolved. This paper explains the role of Microbiological Risk Assessment in the context of Risk Analysis as outlined by Codex Alimentarius. It reviews some representative work in the area, with particular emphasis on the objectives, outputs and conclusions of the studies, and on how researchers propose using the resulting Risk Estimate for decision making. Several problems and sources of confusion concerning MRA are identified, such as terminology, the application of Risk Estimates to establish Food Safety Objectives and microbiological criteria for foods, lack of data, and the difference between Risk Assessment...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Food microbiology; Microbial ecology; Codex Alimentarius.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822000000100002

Risk assessment of the occurrence of aflatoxin and fungi in peanuts and cashew nuts
Provedor de dados: 60
Autores: Kujbida,Paula; Maia,Patrícia Penido; Araújo,Ariadne Naama de; Mendes,Leonardo Daniel; Oliveira,Mariana Lepri de; Silva-Rocha,Walicyranison Plinio; Brito,George Queiroz de; Chaves,Guilherme Maranhão; Martins,Isarita.
In the present study, the occurrence of fungi and aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut and cashew nut samples was investigated. Mycological analysis revealed the presence of fungi in 58.8% of samples, and assessment of AFs by chromatographic methods revealed that 52.9% were contaminated by AFs. AFB1 was the principal component in all AF-contaminated samples, with a mean level of 14.0, and 1.08 µg/kg in peanut and cashew nut, respectively. Eleven samples (32.4%) exceeded the total AF maximum level (4 μg/kg) and 8 samples (23.5%) exceeded the AFB1 (2 μg/kg) established by the European Commission. Our findings suggest that the incidence of AFs emphasizes the need for regular monitoring and a more stringent food safety system to control AFs at the lowest possible levels...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aflatoxin; Peanut; Cashew nut; Fungi; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502019000100502

Occurrence and exposure assessment to aflatoxins in peanuts commercialized in the northwest of Parana, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Santos,Alini Cristini dos; Souza,Aline Amenencia de; Silva,Milena Veronezi; Nerilo,Samuel Botião; Souza,Alexandra Perdigão Maia de; Bando,Érika; Machinski Junior,Miguel.
ABSTRACT:  Peanuts are a nutritious food consumed worldwide. Some species of the genus Aspergillus, producers of aflatoxins, colonize peanuts. Human exposure to aflatoxins occurs by ingesting contaminated foods. The objective of this paper was to assess the occurrence and dietary exposure of the population to aflatoxins in peanuts commercially available in Maringa, Brazil, from May 2013 to April 2017. A total of 104 peanut samples were evaluated by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. The contamination rate detected was 24.0% in average concentration of 13.4µg/kg. Twenty positive samples (19.2%) exceeded the maximum level permitted in Brazil for the sum of four aflatoxins. Estimated probable daily intake was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aflatoxins; Aspergillus flavus; Peanuts; Risk assessment; Public health.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782018000600750

Exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furfuryl alcohol through the consumption of sparkling wines
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Peterle,Gabriela Pelizza; Hernandes,Karolina Cardoso; Schmidt,Luana; Maciel,Júlia Barreto Hoffmann; Zini,Claudia Alcaraz; Welke,Juliane Elisa.
ABSTRACT:  The goals of this study were to verify the occurrence of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC), formaldehyde and furfural) in sparkling wines and to evaluate, for the first time, whether the consumption of the samples under study could represent risk to consumers health. These compounds are electrophilic; and therefore, may covalently bind to DNA, which may result in mutagenicity. EC and formaldehyde were present at low levels (&lt;1μg L-1) in all samples. Acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein were also found in low levels (&lt;1.5, 1.4 and 1.0μg L-1, respectively) in 57, 71 and 76% of samples. In the other samples, levels of acetaldehyde, furfural and acrolein ranged from 5.2 to 54.8, 10.5 to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Sparkling wine consumption; Carbonyl compounds; Furfuryl alcohol.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782019000300753

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in grapes, juices and wines and risk assessment related to this mycotoxin exposure
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Dachery,Bruna; Manfroi,Vitor; Berleze,Kally Janaina; Welke,Juliane Elisa.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. The presence of this toxin in wines and juices occurs due to the development of toxigenic fungi in grapes. Studies have shown the presence of this toxic secondary metabolite in these beverages may results in economic losses to the winery as well as health problems for consumers. In Europe, several studies have been done in order to map the areas where the development of ochratoxigenic fungi is more favorable. However, in Brazil these studies are still incipient. The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of the World Health Organization (JECFA) established the safe tolerable intake of 112ng OTA per kg of body weight per week. To verify whether the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Mycotoxins; Risk assessment; Toxic compounds.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782016000100176

Enviromental behavior of sulfentrazone and fipronil in a Brazilian clayey latosol: field experiment and simulation
Provedor de dados: 64
Autores: Scorza Júnior,Rômulo Penna; Franco,André Andrade.
There has been an urgent need to assess pesticide environmental behavior under Brazilian field conditions and to evaluate the risks associated to its use in agriculture. Besides a qualitative and quantitative interpretation of field experiments to acquire understanding about pesticide environmental behaviour, field experiments are important to test pesticide fate models. Environmental behaviour of fipronil and sulfentrazone in a sugarcane area in Dourados, MS, was evaluated until 257 days after application. Moreover, the PEARL model was tested to simulate the fate of these two pesticides in the field. Soil samples for pesticide residue quantification and water content were taken at 0-10, 10-30, 30-50, 50-70 and 70-100 cm depth. There was a fast dissipation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Leaching; Dissipation; PEARL; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542014000500001