Consulta: subjectFacets:"Tolerance"
Registros recuperados: 112
Data/hora: 16/06/2024 06:32:05

Tolerancia a la desecación y caracterización química de semillas de piñón mexicano (Jatropha curcas L.) colectadas en el Totonacapan.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Bautista Ramírez, Edgardo.
El piñón mexicano (Jatropha curcas L.) es una especie de vital importancia debido a su potencial utilitario como alternativa para la generación de biodiesel y alimenticio tanto humano como animal. Dado que es una especie a la que recientemente se le ha prestado atención, se carece de información para la conservación adecuada del germoplasma. Asimismo, se han encontrado colectas o genotipos que presentan altos niveles de compuestos que causan toxicidad. Con la finalidad de dar alternativas para su conservación y utilización, en el presente estudio se evaluó el nivel de tolerancia a la desecación y la longevidad de las semillas; además, se realizó un análisis químico proximal y la medición de compuestos antinutricionales en semillas procedentes de la región...
Palavras-chave: Piñon mexicano; Jatropha curcas L.; Desecación; Tolerancia; Pine nut; Desiccation; Tolerance; Maestría; Producción de Semillas.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/310

Crecimiento de cuatro cepas del género Rhizobium en presencia de hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA).
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: González Paredes, Yessica.
Este estudio evaluó el crecimiento de cuatro cepas de Rhizobium en medio contaminado con fenantreno (PHE) o benzo[a]pireno (BaP) en concentraciones de 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 y 100 µg mL-1. En la primera fase experimental, R. tropici CIAT899, R. tropici PRF81, R. leucaena CFN299 y R. etli CFN42 crecieron en condiciones in vitro o en simbiosis con Phaseolus vulgaris L. en presencia de PHE y BaP. El crecimiento in vitro de las cuatro cepas a las 24 h, disminuyó al aumentar las concentraciones de ambos HPA; sin embargo, el BaP fue más tóxico para su crecimiento. Las cuatro cepas ante 80 y 100 µg BaP mL-1 presentaron una fase de adaptación; para CIAT899 y PRF81 esta fase fue de 48 h, y para CFN299 y CFN42 esta fase fue de 72 y 96 h, respectivamente. La simbiosis...
Palavras-chave: Rizobios; Tolerancia; Adaptación; Simbiosis; Degradación; Fenantreno; Benzol [a] pireno; Rhizobia; Tolerance; Adaptation; Symbiosis; Degradation; Phenanthrene; Benzol [a] pyrene; Edafología; Maestría.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1704

Respuesta fisiológica de miembros del género Trichoderma a hidrocarburos poliaromáticos.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Argumedo Delira, Rosalba.
Las especies del género Trichoderma representan un grupo de hongos filamentosos que pertenecen al Reino Mycetae (Fungi), División Eumycota, Subdivisión Ascomycotina, Clase Euascomycetes, Orden  Hypocreales, Familia Hypocraceae y Género Trichoderma e Hypocrea. Estos hongos se caracterizan por predominar en los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos. Los miembros del género Trichoderma tienen el potencial de sintetizar y liberar diversas enzimas que se han aprovechado en procesos industriales. Además, este grupo fúngico es importante para las plantas, al contribuir en el control de organismos fitopatógenos ya que poseen propiedades micoparasíticas y antibióticas. Por otro lado, las especies del género Trichoderma son capaces de acumular metales pesados, degradar...
Palavras-chave: Trichoderma; Tolerancia; Citocromo P450; Naftaleno; Metales pesados; Fenantreno; Benzo[a]pireno; Tolerance; Heavy metals; Cytochrome P450; Naphthalene; Phenanthrene; Doctorado; Edafología.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/389

Tolerancia y biodegradación de plaguicidas con hongos filamentosos.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Stamatiu Sánchez, Katina.
El uso indiscriminado y las malas prácticas de manejo de plaguicidas en la producción agrícola, han llevado a la contaminación de todos los ambientes debido a su fácil dispersión y representan un riesgo para la salud humana y fauna silvestre. Plaguicidas como el endosulfán (EN), clorpirifós (CRP) y clorotalonil (CTL) son de amplio uso en diferentes cultivos, están catalogados como carcinogénicos y disruptores endócrinos. El uso de microorganismos para degradar plaguicidas ha permitido implementar tecnologías de biorremediación conocidos como “biobeds”, en las que se busca acelerar la biodegradación con biomezclas de suelo, paja de trigo y composta. En esta investigación se evaluó la tolerancia y capacidad de degradación de hongos filamentosos provenientes...
Palavras-chave: Endosulfán; Clorpirifós; Contaminación; Hongos filamentosos; Tolerancia; Biodegradación; Chlorpyrifos; Contamination; Filamentous fungi; Tolerance; Biodegradation; Entomología y Acarología; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2175

Respuesta fisiológica de miembros del género Trichoderma a hidrocarburos poliaromáticos.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Argumedo Delira, Rosalba.
Las especies del género Trichoderma representan un grupo de hongos filamentosos que pertenecen al Reino Mycetae (Fungi), División Eumycota, Subdivisión Ascomycotina, Clase Euascomycetes, Orden  Hypocreales, Familia Hypocraceae y Género Trichoderma e Hypocrea. Estos hongos se caracterizan por predominar en los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos. Los miembros del género Trichoderma tienen el potencial de sintetizar y liberar diversas enzimas que se han aprovechado en procesos industriales. Además, este grupo fúngico es importante para las plantas, al contribuir en el control de organismos fitopatógenos ya que poseen propiedades micoparasíticas y antibióticas. Por otro lado, las especies del género Trichoderma son capaces de acumular metales pesados, degradar...
Palavras-chave: Trichoderma; Tolerancia; Citocromo P450; Naftaleno; Metales pesados; Fenantreno; Benzo[a]pireno; Tolerance; Heavy metals; Cytochrome P450; Naphthalene; Phenanthrene; Doctorado; Edafología.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/389

Utilization of genes encoding osmoprotectants in transgenic plants for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance
Provedor de dados: 69
Autores: Khan,Mohammad Sayyar; Ahmad,Dawood; Khan,Muhammad Adil.
Global agriculture in the context of growing and expanding populations is under huge pressure to provide increased food, feed, and fiber. The recent phenomenon of climate change has further added fuel to the fire. It has been practically established now that the global temperature has been on the increase with associated fluctuations in annual rainfall regimes, and the resultant drought and flood events and increasing soil and water salinization. These challenges would be met with the introduction and utilization of new technologies coupled with conventional approaches. In recent years, transgenic technology has been proved very effective in terms of production of improved varieties of crop plants, resistant to biotic stresses. The abiotic stresses such as...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Osmoprotectants; Salt stress; Tolerance; Transgenic plants.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582015000400001

Effect of phenobarbital on inducing insecticide tolerance and esterase changes in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Sousa-Polezzi,Rita de Cássia; Bicudo,Hermione Elly Melara de Campos.
The effect of phenobarbital (PB) on the induction of tolerance to the organophosphorous insecticide temephos (TE) was investigated in Aedes aegypti L4 larvae submitted to two different PB-treatments:(1) continuous treatment from the egg to the larval L4 stage and (2) discontinuous treatment in which L4 larvae were exposed for 30 h. Mosquitoes from two Brazilian cities were studied: São José do Rio Preto (SJ) in São Paulo State and Goiânia (GO) in Goiás State. According to criterions established by World Health Organization (WHO) mosquitoes from SJ are organophosphate-susceptible while mosquitoes from GO are organophosphate-resistant. For both SJ and GO larvae the two different PB-treatments resulted in significantly increased tolerance (measured by reduced...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aedes aegypti; Insecticide resistance; Phenobarbital; Tolerance; Pyperonyl butoxide; Esterases.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572004000200024

Transcriptome analyses of Ditylenchus destructor in responses to cold and desiccation stress
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Ma,Juan; Gao,Bo; Wang,Rongyan; Li,Xiuhua; Chen,Shulong.
Abstract The objective of this study was to identify molecular responses in Ditylenchus destructor to cold and desiccation by means of transcriptomes analyses. A total of 102,517 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 1,076 bp, in which 58,453 (57%) had a functional annotation. A total of 1154 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) distributed over 1078 unigenes were detected. Gene expression profiles in response to cold and desiccation stress and the expression of specific stress-related genes were compared. Gene ontology analysis and pathway-based analysis were used to further investigate the functions of the differentially expressed genes. The reliability of the sequencing data was verified through quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 19...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Potato rot nematode; Transcriptome; Tolerance; Differentially expressed genes.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572020000100202

Ammopiptanthus mongolicus stress-responsive NAC gene enhances the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana to drought and cold stresses
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Pang,Xinyue; Xue,Min; Ren,Meiyan; Nan,Dina; Wu,Yaqi; Guo,Huiqin.
Abstract Drought and cold are the primary factors limiting plant growth worldwide. The Ammopiptanthus mongolicus NAC11 (AmNAC11) gene encodes a stress-responsive transcription factor. Expression of the AmNAC11 gene was induced by drought, cold and high salinity. The AmNAC11 protein was localized in the nucleus and plays an important role in tolerance to drought, cold and salt stresses. We also found that differential expression of AmNAC11 was induced in the early stages of seed germination and was related to root growth. When the AmNAC11 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana by an Agrobacterium-mediated method, the transgenic lines expressing AmNAC11 displayed significantly enhanced tolerance to drought and freezing stresses compared to wild-type...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus; Expression; NAC; Tolerance; Transgene.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572019000400624

Herbicide selectivity for potato crop
Provedor de dados: 75
Autores: Correia,Núbia M; Carvalho,Agnaldo DF.
ABSTRACT Few studies on herbicide selectivity for potato crop can be found in literature, especially under Brazilian conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze phytotoxic action of different herbicides for potato cv. Agata. Two experiments were developed under commercial field production conditions. A randomized complete block design, in factorial scheme 7x2+1, four replicates, was used, from April 14 to September 29, 2016. Treatments consisted of seven herbicides sprayed at two doses (ethoxysulfuron 45 and 90 g ha-1, halosulfuron 37.5 and 75 g ha-1, sulfentrazone 250 and 500 g ha-1, flumioxazin 17.5 and 35 g ha-1, clomazone 200 and 400 g ha-1, isoxaflutole 37.5 and 75 g ha-1 and oxadiazon 250 and 500 g ha-1) and also a control without...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Solanum tuberosum; Cv. Agata; Phytotoxicity; Tolerance.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-05362019000300302

Tempo de exposição e fonte de cálcio na seleção de soja tolerante ao alumínio em hidroponia.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SPEHAR, C. R.; SOUZA, L. A. C.
RESUMO: Realizaram-se testes com genótipos de soja para determinar qual a combinação entre a concentração e o período de exposição ao alumínio (Al) e a fonte de cálcio (cloreto ou nitrato), sendo esta mais eficiente na seleção de plantas tolerantes ao Al em solução nutritiva. Os genótipos avaliados foram BR86 5974, BR86 7396, BR86 7485, FT Cristal, FT 100, FT Cristalina, Doko RC, FT Eureka, BR 40 (Itiquira) e BR 9 (Savana). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subsubdivididas onde, nas parcelas, foram comparadas fontes de cálcio, nas subparcelas, concentrações de Al, e nas subsubparcelas genótipos. A concentração de 2mg/L de Al foi apropriada para discriminar os genótipos 48 horas depois do início do teste. As fontes de cálcio não...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Tolerância; Estresse; Aluminium; Tolerance; Hidroponics.; Alumínio; Glycine Max; Genótipo; Melhoramento Vegetal; Soja; Stress.; Genotype; Plant breeding; Soybeans.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/569088

TOPHYPAC. Tolérance des communautés phytoplanctoniques aux phytosanitaires dans le panache de la Charente. Programme Évaluation et réduction des risques liés à l’utilisation des Pesticides
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Stachowski-haberkorn, Sabine; Guesdon, Stephane; Bechemin, Christian; Chiffoleau, Jean-francois; Brach-papa, Christophe; Soudant, Philippe; Beker, Beatriz; Jadas-hécart, Alain.
TOPHYPAC is a field study that was conducted in the Charente river estuary (Marennes-Oléron bay). The main goal was to assess the possible impact of chemical contamination with copper and pesticides on phytoplankton communities. Physical, chemical (nutrients, metals and pesticides) and biological (phytoplankton community) parameters were monitored in the field during three years, from 2011 to 2014. In 2012 and 2013, field sampling was coupled with experimental exposure of phytoplankton communities to copper and to an herbicide cocktail, after transportation to the lab: the effects were assessed using photosynthesis endpoint and cellular densities. TOPHYPAC allowed to set the framework of Charente estuary contamination with pesticides: herbicides glyphosate...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Continuum eau douce/eau côtière; Pesticides; Métaux; Communautés phytoplanctoniques; Efficacité de photosynthèse; PICT; Tolérance; Cytométrie en flux; Toxicité chronique; Freshwater/coastal water continuum; Pesticides; Metals; Phytoplankton communities; Photosynthesis efficiency; PICT; Tolerance; Flow cytometry; Chronic toxicity.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00300/41115/40289.pdf

Binding of Hg by bacterial extracellular polysaccharide: a possible role in Hg tolerance
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Cruz, Kimberly; Guezennec, Jean; Barkay, Tamar.
Bacteria employ adaptive mechanisms of mercury (Hg) tolerance to survive in environments containing elevated Hg concentrations. The potential of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production by bacteria as a mechanism of Hg tolerance has not been previously investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine if bacterial EPS sorb Hg, and if so does sorption provide protection against Hg toxicity. Purified EPS with different chemical compositions produced by bacterial isolates from microbial mats in French Polynesian atolls and deep-sea hydrothermal vents were assessed for Hg sorption. The data showed that EPS sorbed up to 82% of Hg from solution, that this sorption was dependent on EPS composition, and that sorption was a saturable mechanism. Hg...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mercury; Bacteria; Sorption; Tolerance; Exocellular polysaccharides.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00382/49348/49786.pdf

Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Agnew, M. Victoria; Friedman, Carolyn S.; Langdon, Christopher; Divilov, Konstantin; Schoolfield, Blaine; Morga, Benjamin; Degremont, Lionel; Dhar, Arun K.; Kirkland, Peter; Dumbauld, Brett; Burge, Colleen A.
Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, are one of the most productive aquaculture species in the world. However, they are threatened by the spread of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (collectively “µvars”), which cause mass mortalities in all life stages of Pacific oysters globally. Breeding programs have been successful in reducing mortality due to OsHV-1 variants following viral outbreaks; however, an OsHV-1-resistant oyster line does not yet exist in the United States (US), and it is unknown how OsHV-1 µvars will affect US oyster populations compared to the current variant, which is similar to the OsHV-1 reference, found in Tomales Bay, CA. The goals of this study were to investigate the resistance of C. gigas juveniles produced by the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: OsHV-1; Mu vars; Oyster; Virus; Tolerance; Virulence; QPCR.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00665/77739/79862.pdf

Assessing phytoplankton realized niches using a French National Phytoplankton Monitoring Network
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Hernandez Farinas, Tania; Bacher, Cedric; Soudant, Dominique; Belin, Catherine; Barille, Laurent.
Relating environmental factors to species occurrence is a fundamental step in a better understanding of the community structure, the spatial and temporal dynamics of populations and how species may respond to environmental changes. In this paper, we used phytoplankton occurrence data, from a French national phytoplankton monitoring network, and environmental variables with the aim of characterizing the realized ecological niches of phytoplankton groups. We selected 35 phytoplankton taxa representing the most important taxa in terms of occurrence frequency and abundance along the French coast of the eastern English Channel, the Southern Bight of the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. We show that environmental variables such as nutrient concentration, water...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Phytoplankton; Environment; Niche position; Tolerance; Kernel density; Outlying mean index.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36627/35263.pdf

Biological and economic factors in the selection of cultured fish species and the development of a bio-economic model
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Wu, R.
The selection of candidate species for mariculture is determined by a number of biological factors, e.g. foraging efficiency, growth efficiency, mortality, grow-out period and susceptibility to environmental fluctuations, disease and crowding, as well as economic factors e.g. the supply and price of fry, grow-out cost and price of adult. A computer model incorporating these major factors is being developed, to determine and compare the potential of different culture species.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Lates calcarifer; Epinephelus tauvina; Mylio macrocephalus; Pisces; Marine fish; Tolerance; Biology; Modelling; Economic models; Diseases; Mortality; Growth; Cultured organisms.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-1488.pdf

Flight activity of Sitophilus oryzae (L) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its relationship with susceptibility to insecticides
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Vásquez-Castro,Javier A; Baptista,Gilberto C De; Trevizan,Luiz R P; Gadanha Jr,Casimiro D.
Insect-pest mobility can influence insect susceptibility to the insecticides used to control them. The objective of this work was to evaluate the flight activity of Sitophilus oryzae (L) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch populations reared on corn and wheat grains, and its relationship with insecticide susceptibility. Unsexed adult insects with ages between 10 and 20 days were placed on a plastic tray. A 40-watt incandescent light bulb was positioned at a 50 cm height relative to the tray. Flight activity was evaluated during 30 min. In the LC50 estimation bioassays, the insects were exposed to dry residues of the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion and of the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on the internal surface of glass vials. Mortality was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Stored grain; Chemical control; Tolerance; Resistance; Gene flow.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2009000300017

Repeated administrations of concanavalin A induce Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift and tolerance against liver injury in mice
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: Tamaki, Yosui; Yoneda, Masashi; Sato, Keisuke; Yokohama, Shiro; Haneda, Masakazu; Nakamura, Kimihide; 中村, 公英.
The intravenous injection of concanavalin A (Con A) activates T cells and induces cytokine dependent liver injury in mice. However, the effect of repeated administrations of Con A has not been fully investigated. Female BALB/c mice were intravenously injected with Con A (20 mg/kg) or saline once a week for six times. Mice were rechallenged with Con A 17 days after repeated administrations of Con A. Repeated Con A administrations elicited a sustained inhibition of rechallenged-Con A-induced liver injury. Plasma TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels after rechallenge of Con A were decreased compared with that of repeated saline treatments. By contrast, plasma IL-4 and IL-10 levels after rechallenge of Con A were increased. In spleen cells prepared from repeated Con...
Palavras-chave: Concanavalin A; Tolerance; Cytokine; Liver injury; T cell.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/61

Tolerance tests with three refined petroleum products and edible mollusc - Tympanotonus fascatus (Linne)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Oyewo, E.O.
The tolerance of Tympanotonus fuscatus (linne) to films and dispersions of three refined petroleum products has been investigated. The tolerance ranking was Diesel Oil &gt; Kerosene &gt; Petrol. The dispersions were more deleterious to the test animals by varying orders of magnitude. Responsiveness and the capacity for proper orientation were adversely affected with the latter being affected before the former. An indication of upper threshold values for two of the observed responses is presented.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Pollutant identification; Pollution; Toxicity tests; Tolerance; Pollution; Tolerance; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6077; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37740.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2437

dentification of high-yielding large-seeded kabuli chickpeas with drought avoidance root traits
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Kashiwagi,J.
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Genotypes; Weather hazards; Germplasm; Drought resistance; Genetic soil types; Breeds (animals); Replication; Tolerance; Grain.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3285

ICRISAT Report 1990
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Groundnuts; Genotypes; Hybrids; Tolerance; Intercropping.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4095

Pearl Millet Variety ICMV 1
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Millets; Germplasm; Grain; Hybrids; Tolerance; Sexual reproduction; Tillage equipment; Yields; Selection; Diseases.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3759

Groundnut Elite Germplasm ICGV 86699
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Groundnuts; Segregation; Genotypes; Tolerance; Germplasm; Fungi; Animal developmental stages; Diseases; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 1996
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3873

Groundnut Variety ICGV 86590
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Viruses; Fungi; Oilseeds; Tolerance; Wet season; Germplasm; Groundnuts; Diseases; Cropping systems.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3800

Assessment of opportunities to map pearl millet tolerance to salinity during germination and early seedling growth
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Mukhopadhyay, R.
Palavras-chave: Millets; Tolerance; Genotypes; Phenotypes; Genetic markers; Genomes; Heritability; Soil salinization; Feed crops; Humus.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3215

Reaction of short-duration chickpea genotypes for resistance to gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera in Maharashtra, India
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Patil,S.K.
Palavras-chave: Genotypes; Chickpeas; Grain legumes; Pigeonpeas; Insecticides; Grain; Tolerance; Electrophoresis; Mass media; Yields.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3344

Variation in sensitivity to salinity in groundnut cultivars during seed germination and early seedling growth
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Singh,R.
Palavras-chave: Viruses; Groundnuts; Tolerance; Vegetative stage; Water; Genotypes; Seed testing; Protocols; Germinability; Irrigation water.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3357

Groundnut Variety ICGV 87141 (ICGS 76) •
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Oilseeds; Viruses; Necrosis; Unsaturated fatty acids; Groundnuts; Wet season; Cropping systems; Yields; Humus; Tolerance.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3793

Chickpea Genomics Consortium on Drought Tolerance
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Varshney, R.K.,( Rajeev K. Varshney ).
Palavras-chave: Genomes; Chickpeas; Biotechnology; Genes; Tolerance; Weather hazards.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3324

Chickpea kabuli variety ICCV 6
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Sowing date; Root nodulation; Chickpeas; Tolerance; Land management; Fungi; Yields; Research methods; Tropical zones; Adaptation.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3135

Improving Vegetable Productivity in a Variable and Changing Climate
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: de la Peña,R.
Palavras-chave: Tolerance; Genes; Climatic change; Grafting; Rootstocks; Drought stress; Vegetable products; Trickle irrigation; Genomes; Temperature.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3331

Pigeonpea Variety ICPL 87
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Millets; Grain legumes; Tolerance; Yields; Land management; Research methods; Tropical zones; Performance; Selection.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3842

Groundnut Elite Germplasm ICGV 87157 [ICG (FDRS) 4]
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Tolerance; Viruses; Groundnuts; Germplasm; Breeds (animals); Diseases; Fungi; Wet season; Minerals.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3798

Improving Pearl Millet Drought Tolerance
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Yadav,R.s.
Palavras-chave: Phenotypes; Self pollination; Weather hazards; Drought stress; Millets; Locus; Inbred lines; Tolerance; Hybrids; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 2005
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3218

Groundnut Elite Germplasm ICGV 86031
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Viruses; Germplasm; Photoperiodicity; Genotypes; Minerals; Groundnuts; Wet season; Iron; Tolerance.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3829

Groundnut variety ICGV 87187 (ICGS 37)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Summer; Necrosis; Segregation; Photoperiodicity; Unsaturated fatty acids; Tolerance; Research methods; Oilseeds; Hybrids.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3796

A research and network strategy for sustainable sorghum and pearl millet production systems for Latin America
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: B.V.S.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Soil ph; Millets; Genotypes; Tolerance; Grain; Leaf area; Cereals; Hybrids; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 2000
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4217

Chickpea Kabuli Variety ICCV 2
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Fungi; Tolerance; Tillage equipment; Tropical zones; Performance; Crops; Land resources; Yields; Quality.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3790

Summary and Recommendations of the Asian Region Groundnut Scientists' Meeting
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Mycotoxins; Photoperiodicity; Germplasm; Soil ph; Weather hazards; Genotypes; Postharvest technology; Quarantine; Tolerance.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4071

Response of Selected Sorghum Lines to Soil Salinity-Stress under Field Conditions
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Ramesh, S.
Palavras-chave: Soil salinization; Sorghum; Hybrids; Heritability; Phenotypes; Genotypes; Grain; Statistical methods; Genetic improvement; Tolerance.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3261

Field Screening for Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants with Emphasis on Rice
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Weather hazards; Phenotypes; Tolerance; Drought stress; Genotypes; Breeds (animals); Pigeonpeas; Heritability.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3716

Chickpea Desi Variety ICCV 10
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Land management; Germplasm; Fungi; Tolerance; Breeds (animals); Yields; Weather hazards; Tillage equipment; Research methods.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3863

Groundnut Varieties: Kouklia (ICGV 89214), Nikoklia (ICGV 88438), and Gigas (ICGV 91098)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Humus; Breeds (animals); Plant habit; Liming; Cropping systems; Groundnuts; Iron; Tolerance; Summer; Environment.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3878

Pigeonpea Variety ICPL 332
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Genotypes; Tolerance; Germplasm; Yields; Wet season; Pesticides; Tropical zones; Selection; Research methods.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3833

Identification of drought tolerant groundnut genotypes employing proteomics approach
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Ramesh Katam.
Palavras-chave: Drought stress; Genotypes; Weather hazards; Mycotoxins; Transcription; Tolerance; Proteins; Cytochromes; Photosystems; Gene expression.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3361

Pearl millet variety ICMV 1
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Millets; Germplasm; Grain; Hybrids; Tolerance; Sexual reproduction; Tillage equipment; Yields; Selection; Diseases.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3315

Groundnut Elite Germplasm ICGV 87165
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Genotypes; Animal developmental stages; Location; Germplasm; Seasons; Groundnuts; Diseases; Tolerance; Breeds (animals); Electrophoresis.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3875

Crop Improvement in India
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Necrosis; Chickpeas; Hybrids; Tolerance; Grain; Tillage equipment; Sole cropping; Millets; Yields.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4086

ICC 4958 A Drought Resistant Chickpea
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Drought resistance; Genotypes; Weather hazards; Chickpeas; Segregation; Genetic soil types; Germplasm; Soil water content; Grain legumes; Tolerance.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3830

Groundnut Variety ICGV 87187 (ICGS 37)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Summer; Necrosis; Segregation; Photoperiodicity; Unsaturated fatty acids; Tolerance; Research methods; Oilseeds; Hybrids.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4651

Standardization of a Protocol to Screen for Salinity Tolerance in Groundnut
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Vadez, V.
Palavras-chave: Genotypes; Root nodulation; Tolerance; Biomass; Protocols; Leaf area; Groundnuts; Chlorophylls; Field capacity; Tissue analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3263

Groundnut Variety ICGV 87160 [ICG(FDRS) 10]
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Viruses; Tolerance; Wet season; Groundnuts; Oilseeds; Germplasm; Humus; Minerals; Diseases.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3799

Cold-tolerant Chickpea Varieties ICCV 88503, ICCV 88506, ICCV 88510
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Tolerance; Chickpeas; Temperature; Double cropping; Genotypes; Sowing date; Segregation; Grain legumes; Breeds (animals); Cropping systems.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3858

Chickpea Desi Variety ICCV 82108
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Fungi; Chickpeas; Segregation; Field experimentation; Yields; Tolerance; Breeds (animals); Environmental factors; Tropical zones; Crossing over.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3862

Genetic variability for cold tolerance in pigeonpea
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Sandhu,J.S.
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Genotypes; Tolerance; Genetic variation; Temperature; Chickpeas; Germplasm; Genetic resources; Genetics; Freezing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3340

Groundnut variety ICGV 87128 (ICGS 44)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Segregation; Groundnuts; Hybrids; Oilseeds; Weather hazards; Seasons; Yields; Tolerance; Tillage equipment.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3789

Chickpea kabuli variety ICCV 6
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Sowing date; Root nodulation; Chickpeas; Tolerance; Land management; Fungi; Yields; Research methods; Tropical zones; Adaptation.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3775

Groundnut Variety ICGS 11 (ICGV 87123)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Necrosis; Segregation; Photoperiodicity; Land management; Oilseeds; Tolerance; Groundnuts; Seasons; Hybrids; Wet season.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3788

Pearl millet germplasm adapted to saline conditions
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Kulkarni, V.N.
Palavras-chave: Germplasm; Millets; Tolerance; Planting; Grain; Yields; Biomass; Genetic resources; Sorghum; Field experimentation.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3201

Chickpea Desi Variety ICCL 80074 (ICCC 37)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Iron; Yields; Tolerance; Carbohydrates; Performance; Research methods; Proteins; Tropical zones; Fungi.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3795

Alumínio estimula o crescimento radicular de erva-mate?
Provedor de dados: 190
Autores: Benedetti, Eliziane Luiza; Santin, Delmar; Barros, Nairam Félix de; Pereira, Greice Leal; Martinez, Hermínia Prieto; Lima Neves, Julio César.
A toxicidade por Al em plantas se dá de várias maneiras, sendo a inibição do crescimento radicular uma das primeiras a se expressar, embora não seja prontamente perceptível em razão do hábito de crescimento das raízes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância da erva-mate ao Al por meio do crescimento de raízes de mudas submetidas a doses crescentes do elemento. Para isso, testaram-se, três clones (C1, C2 e C3), doses de 100, 500, 1.000 e 2.000 μmol L-1 de Al (AlCAlCl36H2O) e um controle sem Al. Após 50 dias, determinaram-se massa seca das raízes, comprimento e volume total do sistema radicular, comprimento e volume total das raízes em diferentes diâmetros. O Al influenciou positivamente o crescimento das raízes de todos os clones. O maior...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Agronomia; Nutrição de plantas Raízes; Tolerância; Ilex paraguariensis Roots; Tolerance; Ilex paraguariensis.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/983

Capacidade de recuperação do paricá após simulação de desfolha
Provedor de dados: 190
Autores: Duarte, Daiane Marques; Barretto, Vitor Corrêa de Mattos; Ribeiro, Raquel Menestrino; Rodrigues, Fabrício.
O paricá, Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, é uma espécie florestal largamente utilizada em reflorestamentos. Entretanto, os danos causados por insetos podem reduzir a área fotossintética, interferindo no crescimento. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de recuperação de paricá em idades precoces, pela simulação de desfolha. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, divididos em quatro experimentos, com quatro repetições, separados em dois períodos (30 e 60 dias após emergência) e pela porcentagem de folhas e folíolos. Ao completar 30 e 60 dias após emergência foram realizadas as desfolhas e após mais 30 dias, nas duas fases, avaliou-se altura da planta, diâmetro do caule e...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Engenharia Florestal e sivicultura Schizolobium amazonicum; Tolerância; Foliar Schizolobium amazonicum; Foliar damage; Tolerance.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/1120

Development of a diagrammatic scale for the evaluation of postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava roots
Provedor de dados: 86
Autores: Venturini,Marcela Tonini; Santos,Leandro Ribeiro dos; Oliveira,Eder Jorge de.
Abstract:The objective of this work was to develop a scale to assess the severity of postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of cassava roots, and to validate this scale for accuracy and reproducibility estimates. A diagrammatic scale (0 to 100%) for the damaged roots was analyzed according to precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. Seven evaluators (four with experience and three without it) quantified the PPD severity, with or without the scale, considering 150 roots with different levels of PPD. Without and with the use of the scale, respectively, the inexperienced evaluators obtained coefficients of determination (R2) from 0.76 to 0.86 and 0.87 to 0.92, and the experienced evaluators obtained R2 from 0.90 to 0.96 and 0.96 to 0.97. The values of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta; Physiological processes; Shelf life; Subsistence crop; Tolerance.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2015000800658

Dose-response curve to soil applied herbicides and susceptibility evaluation of different amaranthus species using model identity
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: RAIMONDI,M.A.; OLIVEIRA J.R.,R.S.; CONSTANTIN,J.; RIOS,F.A.; GEMELLI,A.; RAIMONDI,R.T.
Greenhouse studies were conducted in 2008-2009 with the objective of adjusting dose-response curves of the main soil-applied herbicides currently used in cotton for the control of Amaranthus viridis, A. hybridus, A. spinosus, A. lividus, as well as comparing susceptibility among different species, using the identity test models. Thirty six individual experiments were simultaneously carried out in greenhouse, in a sandy clay loam soil (21% clay, 2.36% OM) combining increasing doses of the herbicides alachlor, clomazone, diuron, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prometryn, S-metolachlor, and trifluralin applied to each species. Dose-response curves were adjusted for visual weed control at 28 days after herbicide application and doses required for 80% (C80) and 95%...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Dose-response curve; Pigweed; Tolerance.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582015000100137

Morpho-Architectural Traits that Allow the Regeneration of Eustachys retusa (poaceae) in Systems with Intensive Glyphosate Application
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: PANIGO,E.S.; ALESSO,C.A.; DELLAFERRERA,I.M.; OLIVELLA,J.; PERRETA,M.G.
ABSTRACT Eustachys retusa has low sensitivity to glyphosate at the reproductive stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of glyphosate on adult E. retusa plants in order to identify the traits that make possible their regeneration in no-tillage systems. For this purpose, reproductive-stage specimens from wild populations were treated with glyphosate at two different rates (480 and 1,200 g a.i. ha-1) including a non-treated control. Results demonstrated that glyphosate could control E. retusa plants at reproductive stage at 1,200 g a.i. ha-1 dose. However, a certain proportion of plants can survive despite having full chlorosis as a consequence of basal bud activation (bud bank) and the presence of reserves in the rhizome. These...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Argentine fingergrass; Herbicide; Weed; Tolerance; Morphological changes.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582016000400709

Selectivity of glyphosate tank mixtures for RR soybean
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: Alonso,D.G; Constantin,J; Oliveira Jr,R.S; Arantes,J.G.Z; Cavalieri,S.D; Santos,G; Rios,F.A; Franchini,L.H.M.
An active ingredients mixture of different action mechanisms is an essential tool to prevent or manage areas with resistant weeds. However, it is important that such a mixture provides adequate selectivity to the crop. The aim of this work was to evaluate glyphosate selectivity to glyphosate-resistant (RR) soybean, and also verify if there is selectivity in mixtures with other active ingredients applied postemergence aimed at new control strategies, which might be used in RR soybean cultivation. The herbicides and respective rates (g ha-1) evaluated were: glyphosate (720, 960, 1,200, and 1,440), and the mixtures of glyphosate (960) with cloransulam-methyl (30.24), fomesafen (125), lactofen (72), chlorimuron-ethyl (12.5), flumiclorac-pentyl (30), bentazon...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Herbicides; Glyphosate-resistant soybean; Tolerance; Injury.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582011000400024

Characterization of Ethoxysulfuron Herbicide Selectivity in Common Bean Cultivars
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: PAGNONCELLI JR,F.B.; VIDAL,R.A.; TREZZI,M.M.; GALLON,M.; BRUSAMARELLO,A.P.
ABSTRACT: In literature, there are few studies evaluating the response of different bean cultivars to herbicides, particularly the ALS enzyme inhibitors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of common bean cultivars to the herbicide ethoxysulfuron and to select cultivars that are more tolerant to it. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Factors consisted in 20 bean cultivars (IPR Eldorado, IPR Siriri, IPR Gralha, IPR 81, IPR Uirapuru, IPR Colibri, IPR Tuiuiú, BRS Esplendor, IPR Tangará, IPR Juriti, IPR Corujinha, IPR Andorinha, IPR Curió, BRS Campeiro, BRS Pérola, BRS Notável, BRS Estilo, UTF 3, UTF 5 e UTF 6), and four doses of ethoxysulfuron (0, 50, 100...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris; Sulfonylureas; Tolerance; GGE biplot.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582018000100311

Susceptibility Among Populations of Crabgrass to Herbicides Inhibiting Photosystem II
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: LUCIO,F.R.; BARROSO,A.A.M.; TOLEDO,R.E.B.; PITELLI,R.A.; VICTORIA FILHO,R.
ABSTRACT: Weed interference reduces the productive potential of crops. Among the control methods used, chemical ones occupy a major position. The repeated application of the same mechanism of action selects tolerant plants. Among the species that affect sugarcane, crabgrass is one of them. This study has aimed to know the tolerance of different populations of this species to herbicides inhibiting photosystem II. Three populations were collected, identified and submitted to the application of ametryn and diuron herbicides in ten different doses, and the experiment was conducted in a experimental design of complete randomized blocks with four repetitions in a factorial arrangement of 10 x 3 (10 doses x 3 populations), being one trial for each herbicide....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Digitaria horizontalis; Ametryn; Diuron; Tolerance; Resistance.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582018000100242

Response of Wheat Plants to Combinations of Herbicides with Insecticides and Fungicides
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: VIECELLI,M.; PAGNONCELLI JR.,F.B.; TREZZI,M.M.; CAVALHEIRO,B.M.; GOBETTI,R.C.R.
ABSTRACT: The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum; Synergism; Antagonism; Tolerance; Grain yield.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582019000100263

Chemical Control and Morphoanatomical Analysis of Leaves of Different Populations of Sourgrass
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: GOMES,L.J.P.; SANTOS,J.I.; GASPARINO,E.C.; CORREIA,N.M.
ABSTRACT Digitaria insularis has been selected by frequent glyphosate applications both in no-till areas and in fruit orchards. The objective of this paper was to evaluate control efficacy of D. insularis populations by glyphosate, alone and mixed with quizalofop-p-tefuryl, as well as classify them for herbicide sensitivity as susceptible, moderately susceptible and tolerant. This study also aimed to evaluate the relations between herbicide sensitivity and morphoanatomic features of leaf tissues. For chemical control, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 12 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replications. Twelve populations of D. insularis were treated with glyphosate alone at two concentrations (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Digitaria insularis; Glyphosate; Tolerance; Genetic variability.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582017000100202

Chemical control of different Digitaria insularis populations and management of a glyphosate-resistant population
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: CORREIA,N.M.; ACRA,L.T.; BALIEIRO,G.
This study aimed to control different populations of Digitaria insularisby glyphosate herbicide, isolated and mixed, besides the combination of methods (chemical and mechanical) to manage resistant adult plants. Three experiments were conducted, one in pots which were maintained under non-controlled conditions and two under field conditions. In the experiment in pots, twelve populations of D. insularis were sprayed with isolated glyphosate (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e. ha-1) and mixed (1.44 and 2.16 kg a.e. ha-1) with quizalofop-p tefuryl (0.12 kg i.a. ha-1). The treatment of 1.44 kg a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate plus 0.12 kg a.i. ha-1 of quizalofop was sufficient for adequate control (&gt;95%) of all populations. Population 11 (area of grain production in Itumbiara,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Desiccation; Glyphosate; Tolerance; Genetic variability.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582015000100093

SELECTIVITY OF LINURON HERBICIDE FOR CARROT WHEN SPRAYED IN POST-EMERGENCE
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: CORREIA,N.M.; CARVALHO,A.D.F.
ABSTRACT Among the herbicides registered for carrot crop in Brazil, linuron is the most used one, according to horticulturists. However, there are few reports in the literature on its selectivity for the carrot plants. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the selectivity of linuron herbicide for growing carrots, influenced by genotype, product dosing, and plant development phase at the time of application. This work included four experiments, one in greenhouse, and three in the field, in area of commercial carrot production. In the greenhouse, the experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 2 x 3, with four replications. Linuron, at doses 0, 225, 450 and 675 g a.i. ha-1 was sprayed in plants with 1 and 2-3 true leaves of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Phytointoxication; Daucus carota; Tolerance.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582017000100261

Selectivity of glyphosate in tank mixtures for RR soybean in sequential applications with mixtures only in the first or second application
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: Alonso,D.G; Constantin,J; Oliveira Jr,R.S; Biffe,D.F; Raimondi,M.A; Gemelli,A; Blainski,E; Carneiro,J.C.
Tank mixtures among herbicides of different action mechanisms might increase weed control spectrum and may be an important strategy for preventing the development of resistance in RR soybean. However, little is known about the effects of these herbicide combinations on soybean plants. Hence, two experiments were carried out aiming at evaluating the selectivity of glyphosate mixtures with other active ingredients applied in postemergence to RR soybean. The first application was carried out at V1 to V2 soybean stage and the second at V3 to V4 (15 days after the first one). For experiment I, treatments (rates in g ha-1) evaluated were composed by two sequential applications: the first one with glyphosate (720) in tank mixtures with cloransulam (30.24),...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Herbicides; Glyphosate-resistant soybean; Tolerance; Injury.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582010000400020

Evolution of Natural Resistance to Glyphosate in Morning Glory Populations
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: PAZUCH,D.; TREZZI,M.M.; GUIMARÃES,A.C.D.; BARANCELLI,M.V.J.; PASINI,R.; VIDAL,R.A.
ABSTRACT Tolerance, also referred to as natural resistance, is a feature that exists in the plant even before herbicide application in an area. I. grandifolia, I. indivisa and I. purpurea are among the tolerant species most commonly found over fields in southern Brazil. We hypothesized that the intensive use of glyphosate results in increasing levels of tolerance to glyphosate, and in pronounced response variability in populations of the same Ipomoea species. This study aimed at identifying tolerance variations to glyphosate among I. grandifolia, I.indivisa and I. purpurea morning glory species and among populations of these species. In crops over Paraná and Santa Catarina states (Brazil) 31 biotypes were collected (20I. grandifolia, 7I.indivisa and 4I....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tolerance; Ipomoea grandifolia; Ipomoea indivisa; Ipomoea purpurea; Control; Dose-response.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582017000100205

Selectivity of Iodosulfuron-Methyl to Oat Cultivars
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: QUEIROZ,,A.R.S.; VIDAL,,R.A.; NAVA,,I.C.; PACHECO,,M.T.; FEDERIZZI,,L.C.; XAVIER,E.
ABSTRACT Weeds are among the main constraints to high grain yield on hexaploid oat (Avena sativa), but there are few herbicides registered for weed control on this cereal crop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the iodosulfuron-methyl on grain yield of elite oat cultivars and investigate the mechanism of oat tolerance to this herbicide. A field experiment conducted in 2012 demonstrated there was no difference on grain yield between cultivars URS Guará and URS Guria, when iodosulfuron-methyl was used up to 4.5 g ha-1. Likewise, experiments from 2013 have demonstrated that iodosulfuron-methyl, at 5 g ha-1, did not affect the oat grain yield of the genotype UFRGS 14, but affected it on the cultivars URS Guará and URS Guria. In 2014,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Avena sativa; Detoxification; Tolerance; Acetolactate synthase inhibitor.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582017000100227

Influence of Density and Development Stage of Ryegrass on Glyphosate Effectiveness
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: FIPKE,M.V.; VIDAL,R.A.
ABSTRACT : Glyphosate is one of the main herbicides used to control ryegrass. The objective of this research was to evaluated whether the glyphosate dose-response curve is affected by density of ryegrass plants in two phenological growth stages. To attend this objective, two experiments were carried out in greenhouse (one with Lolium multiflorum and another with Lolium rigidum) and two under field conditions. In the greenhouse experiments, the experimental design was a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, with factor A as plant density and factor B as glyphosate doses. In the field, two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme. Plots consisted of glyphosate doses (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 250, and 350 g...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Lolium multiflorum L.; Lolium rigidum; Time of application; Tolerance.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582019000100224

OPTIMAL TESTING STRATEGIES FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Jabs,   Eric J.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies, costs, and risks of a dual marketing system.  The model chooses the testing strategy (application, intensity, and tolerance) that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and quality loss and allows simulation of the risk premium required to induce grain handlers to undertake a dual marketing system versus a Non-GM system.  Cost elements including those related to testing, quality loss, and a risk premium were estimated for a model representing a grain export chain.  Uncertainties were incorporated and include test accuracy, risk of adventitious commingling throughout, and variety declaration.  Sensitivities were performed for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Segregation; Testing; Tolerance; Genetically Modified; Wheat; Risk Premium; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23605

Macronutrients accumulation and growth of pineapple cultivars submitted to aluminum stress
Provedor de dados: 91
Autores: Mota,Mauro F. C.; Pegoraro,Rodinei F.; Batista,Paulo S. C.; Pinto,Valéria de O.; Maia,Victor M.; Silva,Deivisson F. da.
ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the growth and accumulation of macronutrients of two pineapple cultivars submitted to different concentrations of aluminum (Al). For this, a study was conducted in plastic pots containing 4 L of nutrient solution, in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to two pineapple cultivars (‘IAC Fantástico’ and ‘Vitória’) and five Al concentrations (0, 21.6, 43.2, 64.8 and 86.4 mg of Al plant-1), with four replicates. The following variables were evaluated: root length, dry matter of root, stem and leaf, stem diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll content and accumulation of macronutrients at 60 days after treatment. The cv. ‘Vitória’ showed a linear decrease in chlorophyll content, root dry...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Al; Toxicity; Tolerance; Nutrient solution.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662016001100978

Potential of sunflower, castor bean, common buckwheat and vetiver as lead phytoaccumulators
Provedor de dados: 91
Autores: Alves,Jailson do C.; Souza,Adailson P. de; Pôrto,Mônica L. A.; Fontes,Renildes L. F.; Arruda,Jandeilson; Marques,Luciano F.
ABSTRACT Studies concerning the tolerance, absorption and distribution of heavy metals in plants are essential for the success of phytoremediation programs. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the potential of the sunflower, castor bean, common buckwheat and vetiver as lead phytoaccumulators. The species were grown in nutrient solution containing increasing doses of Pb (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) during a 30-day exposure period. A completely randomized split-plot design was used, with a 4 x 5 factorial and three replicates. Significant reductions of dry matter of the root, shoot and whole plant were found in the all species under study as a function of the increased Pb doses. Vetiver showed higher tolerance to Pb contamination;...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Heavy metal; Phytotoxicity; Tolerance; Phytoremediation.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662016000300243

Salt balance in substrate cultivated with ‘Sunki’ mandarin x ‘Swingle’ citrumelo hybrids
Provedor de dados: 91
Autores: Almeida,Juliana F.; Sales,Giuliana N. B.; Brito,Marcos E. B.; Fernandes,Pedro D.; Soares Filho,Walter S.; Almeida Neto,Isidro P.
ABSTRACT During initial plant development stage, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the balance of salts in the substrate used for the production of 10 hybrids from the cross between ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW), all with potential to be used as rootstock. ‘Rangpur Santa Cruz’ lime, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and the hybrid LVK (‘Volkamer’ lemon) x LCR (‘Rangpur’ lime) - 038 were included as controls, totaling 13 genotypes. Substrate samples were collected in the experiment conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal, from December 2015 to June 2016. Two levels of irrigation water salinity were tested, using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates. The substrate was a mixture of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Citrus spp.; Rootstocks; Tolerance; Salinity.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662018000700493

Gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars under water salinity
Provedor de dados: 91
Autores: Silva,André A. R. da; Veloso,Luana L. de S. A.; Nascimento,Ronaldo do; Nascimento,Elka C. S.; Bezerra,Carlos V. de C.; Pereira,Márcia C. de A.
ABSTRACT Indication of salt-tolerant cotton cultivars can make the agricultural exploitation with saline water irrigation feasible in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars irrigated with saline water. The study was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using a sandy loam Entisols as substrate. Treatments were distributed in completely randomized design, in 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, relative to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1) and two cotton cultivars (BRS 368 RF and BRS Safira). Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibits the vegetative growth and gas exchanges of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L.; Tolerance; Cultivar BRS Safira.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662019000600393

Grazing resistance mechanisms in alfalfas of different aptitude in the juvenile stage
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Scheffer-Basso,Simone Meredith; Muniz,Andreissi Mileski.
This study aimed at verifying whether juvenile plants of alfalfa cultivars with different aptitude (grazingtype: Alfagraze and ABT 805; hay-type: Crioula) show morphophysiological differences in order to develop a protocol for early selection for grazing persistence. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in completely randomized design and three repeplicates. In Experiment 1, plants were evaluated from successive destructive harvests at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of age. In Experiment 2, plants at 150 days of age were cut to a 10-cm stubble and harvested at 15 and 30 days of regrowth. In Experiment 1, Alfagraze showed the lowest height (19 cm), internode length (1.4 cm) and apical bud accessibility (15.3 cm). Grazing-type cultivars did not differ...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: ABT 805; Alfagraze; Avoidance; Crioula; Tolerance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010000800009

Brachiaria brizantha control by using fluazifop-p-butil on Tifton 85 pasture formation
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Santos,Márcia Vitória; Ferreira,Francisco Affonso; Freitas,Francisco Cláudio Lopes de; Fonseca,Dilermando Miranda da; Carvalho,Abner José de; Braz,Thiago Gomes dos Santos.
This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the efficacy of the fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide to control Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Marandu, in the formation of Tifton 85 grazing. Treatments consisted of five doses of fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide (0.0, 62.5, 125.0, 187.5 and 250.0 g ha-1) plus controls with no herbicide, in a completely randomized layout, with four replications. Each plot consisted of a 10-L capacity pot, with two B. brizantha plants and two Tifton 85 plants. The herbicide application was conducted before the tillage of B. brizantha, when they were about 15 cm high. Visual assessments of control of B. brizantha and intoxication of Tifton 85 plants, at 07, 21 and 45 days after application were carried out. Sixty days after...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chemical control; Tolerance; Weed.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000200007

Germination, seedling performance, and root production after simulated partial seed predation of a threatened Atacama Desert shrub
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: Loayza,Andrea P; Gachon,Paloma R; García-Guzmán,Patricio; Carvajal,Danny E; Squeo,Francisco A.
BACKGROUND: Seed loss to predators is a common phenomenon across plant communities and an important determinant of plant recruitment. Although seed predators commonly destroy the entire seed, partial seed consumption has been reported for many species; however, the degree to which seed mass loss affects germination dynamics and survival of new individuals has been poorly documented. We simulated seed damage in natural conditions to examine how different levels of cotyledonary reserve removal affect germination dynamics and seedling performance of Myrcianthes coquimbensis (Myrtaceae), a threatened Atacama Desert shrub. The experiment combined two levels of seed maturity with three levels of seed mass loss. RESULTS: Removal of the cotyledon reserves and seed...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Myrcianthes coquimbensis; Partial seed predation; Recalcitrant seed; Tolerance.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2015000100010

Nurse effect in seedling establishment: facilitation and tolerance to damage in the Andes of central Chile
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: ACUÑA-RODRÍGUEZ,IAN S; CAVIERES,LOHENGRIN A; GIANOLI,ERNESTO.
Nurse effects, which occur when one plant species enhances the survival or growth of another plant species, are predicted to be most relevant in stressful environments. These effects are particulary important during seedling establishment due to their vulnerability to both biotic and abiotic factors, such as herbivory and drought. Tolerance to herbivory reflects the degree to which plants are able to regrow and reproduce after damage, and should vary with resource availability. In the high Andes of central Chile, the cushion plant Laretia acaulis (Apiaceae) acts as a buffer against environmental stress, enhancing survival of several associated plant species. We hypothesized that tolerance to herbivory of seedlings growing inside the canopy of L. acaulis...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Acilitation; Laretia acaulis; Herbivory; Tolerance; Nurse effect.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2006000300005

Antioxidant system of ginseng under stress by cadmium
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Marques,Teresa Cristina Lara Lanza de Sá e Melo; Soares,Angela Maria.
Toxic levels of Cd can cause protein denaturation and oxidative stress, which result in membrane damage, enzimatic activity changes and other metabolic damage. Some plants may show alteration in the activity of their antioxidant enzymes as a heavy metal tolerance mechanism. This study aims at evaluating the role of enzymes of the antioxidant system in adaptive responses of the accumulator P. glomerata species to levels of cadmium (Cd). Plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing concentrations of Cd in the form of CdSO4 (0, 45 and 90 µmol L-1), for 20 d. Cd concentrations and yields of root and shoot dry matter were determined at the end of the experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Antioxidant enzymes; Oxidative stress; Tolerance; Cadmium toxicity.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162011000400014

Resistance mechanisms of sugarcane cultivars to spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Dinardo-Miranda,Leila Luci; Fracasso,Juliano Vilela; Perecin,Dilermando; Oliveira,Mariana Cecília de; Lopes,Diego Olympio Peixoto; Izeppi,Tiago Sabongi; Anjos,Ivan Antonio dos.
ABSTRACT The spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is one of the most important pests of sugarcane in Brazil. Measures for population control are currently restricted to the use of chemical insecticides and fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, in part because very little information exists regarding resistance of sugarcane cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate resistance mechanisms of 12 different sugarcane cultivars to M. fimbriolata to provide information for growers for pest management. Isolated buds of each cultivar were planted in pots and kept in a greenhouse for approximately three months. The pots were then moved to climate test chambers (26 ± 1 ºC; 70 ± 10 % relative humidity; 12 h photoperiod) to carry...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp.; Antixenosis; Antibiosis; Tolerance.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162016000200115

Effect of population densities of Pratylenchus brachyurus on the growth of cotton plants
Provedor de dados: 102
Autores: INOMOTO,MÁRIO M.; GOULART,ALEXANDRE M. C.; MACHADO,ANDRESSA C. Z.; MONTEIRO,AILTON R.
The effect of different population densities of Pratylenchus brachyurus on the growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants was studied in three greenhouse experiments, using cultivars IAC 20 and IAC 22. Both cultivars proved to be good hosts to the nematode, which however did not affect plant height and affected only slightly fresh root weight and dry top weight of both cultivars, even at the highest population density (over 9,000 nematodes/plant).
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Lesion nematode; Gossypium hirsutum; Host-parasite relationships; Tolerance.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-41582001000200013

Response of cucurbit species to Rotylenchulus reniformis
Provedor de dados: 102
Autores: Torres,Gustavo R. C.; Pedrosa,Elvira M. R.; Siqueira,Kércya M. S.; Moura,Romero M.
The state of Rio Grande do Norte is the major melon (Cucumis melo) producer in Brazil and the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis has become increasingly important due to damages to that crop and the lack of resistant cultivars and effective control measures. Under these circumstances, eight cucurbit genotypes were screened for resistance or tolerance to a population of R. reniformis in naturally infested field soil, under greenhouse conditions. A high reduction in shoot mass was found in all infected genotypes. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Sugar Baby showed the lowest rate of nematode reproduction.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Reniform nematode; Resistance; Tolerance; Cucumis spp.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-41582005000100016

Metabolic alterations and X-ray chlorophyll fluorescence for the early detection of lead stress in castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Nascimento, Clístenes Williams Araújo do; Marques, Marise Conceição.
 The remediation of lead-contaminated areas poses a serious challenge to soil chemists because Pb has low solubility in soil. Thus, Pb phytostabilization is considered to be an attractive remediation technique. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is an oilseed crop known for its tolerance to heavy metals, and our aim was to assess the early detection of Pb toxicity and the effects of Pb on the biomass, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidative enzyme activities, and total soluble proteins of this plant. Specimens were grown in a nutrient solution spiked with Pb concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 150, or 200 µmol L-1. A control without Pb was also grown. The results show that X-ray chlorophyll fluorescence is an efficient technique for the early detection of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tolerance; Oilseed crop; Photosystem II; Fr/FFr ratios.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/39392

Gas exchanges of melon under water stress in the Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Amorim, Daniel Vieira; Mesquita, Alessandro Carlos; Marinho, Lígia Borges; Souza, Vanuza de; Aidar, Saulo de Tarso; Carvalho, Marília Mickaele Pinheiro.
The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Photosynthetic adjustment; Tolerance; Dry matter; Cucumis melo L.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/42686

Gas exchanges of melon under water stress in the Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Amorim, Daniel Vieira; Mesquita, Alessandro Carlos; Marinho, Lígia Borges; Souza, Vanuza de; Aidar, Saulo de Tarso; Carvalho, Marília Mickaele Pinheiro.
The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Photosynthetic adjustment; Tolerance; Dry matter; Cucumis melo L.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/42686

Metabolic alterations and X-ray chlorophyll fluorescence for the early detection of lead stress in castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Nascimento, Clístenes Williams Araújo do; Marques, Marise Conceição.
 The remediation of lead-contaminated areas poses a serious challenge to soil chemists because Pb has low solubility in soil. Thus, Pb phytostabilization is considered to be an attractive remediation technique. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is an oilseed crop known for its tolerance to heavy metals, and our aim was to assess the early detection of Pb toxicity and the effects of Pb on the biomass, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidative enzyme activities, and total soluble proteins of this plant. Specimens were grown in a nutrient solution spiked with Pb concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 150, or 200 µmol L-1. A control without Pb was also grown. The results show that X-ray chlorophyll fluorescence is an efficient technique for the early detection of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tolerance; Oilseed crop; Photosystem II; Fr/FFr ratios.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/39392

Reproductive ability and level of infestation of the Varroa destructor mite in Apis mellifera apiaries in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil  - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v36i1.20366
Provedor de dados: 3
Autores: Carneiro, Francisco Estevão; Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Barroso, Gustavo Valadares; Universidade de São Paulo; Strapazzon, Roger; Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Moretto, Geraldo; Universidade Regional de Blumenau.
Varroa destructor mite causes mortality of Apis mellifera bees throughout the world. Its greatest damage to these colonies has been reported in European countries and North America. The impact of the mite is related to the climate and the bee race on each region in which the plague has been established. Varroa causes little damage to the colonies of africanized honeybees in Brazil and the levels of infestation are relatively small and stable. The reproductive ability of Varroa females was evaluated in pupae of workers of 17-18 days of age, obtained from eight beehives of africanized bees for twelve months. The average number of offspring (deutonymphs, protonymphs and eggs) each Varroa produced was 3.18 ± 0.19. The average total number of deutonymph and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Zoologia; Parasitologia; Comportamento animal; Varrosis; Grooming; Hygienic behavior; Tolerance; Mortality Parasitologia.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/20366

The compensatory effect of glutathione on alleviating salinity–induced modulations in growth and biochemical traits in maize irrigated with diluted seawater
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: El-Shahawy, Tarek Abd El-Ghafar.
Salinity stress has recently received much attention as an object worthy of research and interest. It is a great challenge for the future global agricultural production that aspires to a large-scale conversion of raw seawater to irrigation use. Our study aims to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect of glutathione (GSH) that would enhance maize tolerance to the destructive effect of salinity. A greenhouse trail was conducted in this context during the summer season of 2015 using two salinity (Mediterranean seawater: 3000 and 6000 ppm) and GSH (100 and 200 pm) levels. Tap water was used as a control. Individually, saline water acted in a distinctly different manner than GSH. Irrigation with diluted seawater caused morphological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Plant physiology; Environmental stresses Antioxidants; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Salinity; Tolerance; Zea mays.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4393

Ecology of the non-native snail Sinotaia cf quadrata (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae). A study in a lowland stream of South America with different water qualities
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: FERREIRA,ANA CLARA; PAZ,ESTEFANÍA L.; RUMI,ALEJANDRA; OCON,CAROLINA; ALTIERI,PAULA; CAPÍTULO,ALBERTO RODRIGUES.
ABSTRACT Sinotaia quadrata is a snail native from Asia recorded for the first time in South America in 2009 in central Argentina. In 2015, this species was also found in a lowland stream with different water qualities. Our aims were to contribute to the knowledge of its population ecology and to compare the individuals from the two locations anatomically. Snails were searched at 6 sites, where physicochemical and hydraulic parameters were measured. Biological samples were also taken at two sites (S3 and S4) to study the population traits of S. cf quadrata (density, size structure, fecundity and sex ratio) and to assess the water quality through macroinvertebrates' biological indices (richness, diversity and IBPamp). Physicochemical and biological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Alien species; Life history traits; Lowland streams; Tolerance; Water quality.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000301059

Salinity induced anatomical and morphological changes in Chloris gayana Kunth roots
Provedor de dados: 47
Autores: Céccoli,Gabriel; Ramos,Julio C.; Ortega,Leandro I.; Acosta,Juan M.; Perreta,Mariel G.
Chloris gayana Kunth is a grass species valuable as forage which was introduced into Argentina to be used as pasture in saline soils of subtropical and warm-temperate zones, given its good adaptability to drought, salinity and mild freezing. However, its tolerance varies according to the cultivar. In tetraploid cultivars, important reductions in yield have been observed. Here, a study of the variations produced on the root and stem system by salinity at different NaCl concentrations (0, 150 y 250 mM) was performed in the Boma cultivar, with the aim of determining the anatomical and morphological alterations produced by the salt excess. Plants cultivated with the highest level of salinity showed, in the whole, significant differences in the measured...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Abiotic stress; Tolerance; Vascular tissue.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-95452011000100002

Contribution of dendritic cell/T cell interactions to triggering and maintaining autoimmunity
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: Llanos,Carolina; Carreño,Leandro J; Kalergis,Alexis M.
Under healthy conditions, there is a balance between tolerance to self-tissue constituents and immunity against foreign antigens. Autoimmunity diseases (AD) take place when that equilibrium is disrupted and the immune response is directed to self-antigens, leading to injury or destruction of host tissues. The mechanisms conducing to the loss of immune tolerance remain largely unknown. The recent appearance of biological therapies has contributed to significant reduction in morbidity. However, currently available therapies are associated with important side effects and work only as palliative treatments. Dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged as key players in developing and maintaining adaptive immunity due to their capacity to prime and modulate T cell...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Dendritic cells; T cells; Immunological synapse; Autoimmunity; Tolerance.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602011000100007

Resistance of sugarcane cultivars to Mahanarva fimbriolata
Provedor de dados: 53
Autores: Dinardo-Miranda,Leila Luci; Fracasso,Juliano Vilela; Perecin,Dilermando; Miranda,Isabella Dinardo; Réchia,Nádia Mandello; Buzzatto,Driele Francine dos Santos.
ABSTRACT The spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is one of the most important pest of sugarcane in Brazil. Population control measures are currently restricted to the use of chemical insecticides and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, in part because very little information exists regarding the resistance of sugarcane cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance mechanisms of 18 sugarcane cultivars to M. fimbriolata to provide information for growers hoping to manage this pest. Isolated buds of each cultivar were planted in pots and maintained in a greenhouse for approximately three months. The pots were then moved to climate-controlled chambers (26 ± 1 ºC; 70 ± 10% RH; 12 h photoperiod) to carry...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Spittlebug; Antixenosis; Antibiosis; Tolerance.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052018000200314

Can the critical temperature for photochemical damage in common bean plants be changed after a drought event?
Provedor de dados: 53
Autores: Ribeiro,Rafael Vasconcelos; Santos,Mauro Guida dos; Pimentel,Carlos; Machado,Eduardo Caruso; Oliveira,Ricardo Ferraz de.
Low water availability and high temperatures occur under field conditions and we hypothesize that the critical temperature for photochemical damage (TC) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants is increased by the occurrence of previous water deficit in a genotype-dependent manner. Five common bean cultivars A320, A222, Carioca, BAT477 and Ouro Negro were evaluated. Thirty days after seedlings emergence, one group of plants was exposed to water deficit for ten days and rehydrated and another one was maintained well hydrated during the experimental period. The minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (FO) was monitored in leaf discs exposed to temperatures ranging from 25 to 45 oC and the TC values estimated. The previous water deficit did not affect TC, which...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Chlorophyll fluorescence; Hardening; Heat stress; Phaseolus vulgaris; Tolerance.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052015000400374

Highly Solvent Tolerance in Serratia marcescens IBBPo15
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Stancu,Mihaela Marilena.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the solvent tolerance mechanisms in Serratia marcescens strain IBBPo15 (KT315653). Serratia marcescens IBBPo15 exhibited remarkable solvent-tolerance, being able to survive in the presence of high concentrations (above 40%) of toxic organic solvents, such as cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-decane, toluene, styrene, and ethylbenzene. S. marcescens IBBPo15 produced extracellular protease and the enzyme production decreased in cells exposed to 5% cyclohexane, n-hexane, toluene, styrene, and ethylbenzene, as compared with the control and n-decane exposed cells. S. marcescens IBBPo15 cells produced carotenoid pigments and alteration of pigments profile (i.e., phytoene, lycopene) were observed in cells exposed to 5%...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Serratia marcescens; Solvents; Tolerance; Mechanisms.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132016000100704

Diallel among soybean genotypes with high oil content and resistance to sudden death syndrome
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Oliveira,Inocencio Junior de; Vello,Natal Antonio; Vieira,Paulo de Melo Jorge; Wyminersky,Philip Traldi.
The objective of this work was to use a partial diallel to evaluate the combining ability of 14 soybean genotypes and recommend superior combinations. Seven of the genotypes had high oil yield; other seven exhibited tolerance to sudden death syndrome and they generated 49 hybrids in a diallel cross without reciprocals. F2plants of each cross and the parents were evaluated for the following traits: number of days to maturity (NDM), oil content in the seeds (OC), grain yield (GY) and oil yield (OY). The results indicated the existence of genetic variability in the parents and progeny for all the traits. The rank of the parents based on the means was similar to the rank based on general combining ability (GCA) for all the traits. The specific combining...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glycine max; Combining ability; Oil yield; Tolerance.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132014000200004

Growth and Mineral Nutrition of the Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)-Rhizobia Symbiosis under Water Deficit
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Khadraji,Ahmed; Mouradi,Mohammed; Ghoulam,Cherki.
ABSTRACT The effect of the water deficit on the fresh and dry weight in the various parts of the plant and on several mineral processes in different symbiotic combinations for the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties was studied. The experiment was undertaken in the greenhouse during five weeks.Seedlings were separately inoculated with a suspension of three rhizobia strains and were grown under water deficit (50% of field capacity). Our results showed that the inoculation with the adequate rhizobia may improve the chickpea dry weight by improving the nodules weight, increase NR activity and more K+ accumulation under water deficit. Generally, MC0415 (S1) strain gives the best results, particularly in the dry weight nodules (5% of reduction) and in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Reductase; K+/Na+ratio; Tolerance; Water stress.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132017000100319

Water stress induced by mannitol and sodium chloride in soybean cultivars
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Machado Neto,Nelson Barbosa; Saturnino,Sérgio Marques; Bomfim,Daniel Carlini; Custódio,Ceci Castilho.
Four soybean (Glycine max L. Merril.) cultivars were contrasted in relation to germination and vigour of seedlings, when seeds were submitted to water stress induced by mannitol or sodium chloride. Water stress affected seed germination and seedling development, however, seedling development was affect in higher osmotic potential (-0.3MPa) than the necessary to affect germination -1.2MPa when induced by mannitol or -0.6MPa when induced by sodium chloride. 'Pioneira' and 'Xingu' cultivars had high development in low water availability and/or salinity conditions.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glycine max; Tolerance; Salinity; Germination; Vigour.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132004000400004

Prolonged acceptance of skin grafts induced by B cells places regulatory T cells on the histopathology scene
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Langier,S.; Galvani,R.G.; Alves,A.P.G.; Fidelis,R.; Nunes,P.H.C.; Silva,M.H.; Castilho,L.R.; Monteiro,J.P.; Bonomo,A.
The participation of regulatory T (Treg) cells in B cell-induced T cell tolerance has been claimed in different models. In skin grafts, naive B cells were shown to induce graft tolerance. However, neither the contribution of Treg cells to B cell-induced skin tolerance nor their contribution to the histopathological diagnosis of graft acceptance has been addressed. Here, using male C57BL/6 naive B cells to tolerize female animals, we show that skin graft tolerance is dependent on CD25+ Treg cell activity and independent of B cell-derived IL-10. In fact, B cells from IL-10-deficient mice were able to induce skin graft tolerance while Treg depletion of the host inhibited 100% graft survival. We questioned how Treg cell-mediated tolerance would impact on...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Skin graft; Tolerance; B cells; Treg; Histopathology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012001000009

Lack of evidence for superantigen activity of Toxoplasma gondii towards human T cells
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Vallochi,A.L.; Yamamoto,J.H.; Schlesinger,D.; Machado,M.A.C.; Silveira,C.; Martins,M.C.; Belfort Jr.,R.; Kalil,J.; Rizzo,L.V.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite whose life cycle may include man as an intermediate host. More than 500 million people are infected with this parasite worldwide. It has been previously reported that T. gondii contains a superantigen activity. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the putative superantigen activity of T. gondii would manifest towards human T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with no previous contact with the parasite were evaluated for proliferation as well as specific Vß expansion after exposure to Toxoplasma antigens. Likewise, PBMC from individuals with the congenital infection were evaluated for putative Vß family deletions in their T cell repertoire. We also...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Toxoplasma; Tolerance; Superantigen; T cell receptor.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000800008

Restraint-induced hypoactivity in an elevated plus-maze
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Padovan,C.M.; Guimarães,F.S.
Rodents submitted to restraint stress show decreased activity in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) 24 h later. The objective of the present study was to determine if a certain amount of time is needed after stress for the development of these changes. We also wanted to verify if behavioral tolerance of repeated daily restraint would be detectable in this model. Male Wistar rats were restrained for 2 h and tested in the EPM 1, 2, 24 or 48 h later. Another group of animals was immobilized daily for 2 h for 7 days, being tested in the EPM 24 h after the last restraint period. Restraint induced a significant decrease in the percent of entries and time spent in the open arms, as well as a decrease in the number of enclosed arm entries. The significant effect in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Stress; Restraint; Elevated plus-maze; Behavioral changes; Tolerance.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000100011

Nickelophilous plants and their significance in phytotechnologies
Provedor de dados: 61
Autores: Prasad,Majeti Narasimha Vara.
Nickeliferous soils are invaded predominantly by members of the Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Cunoniaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Euphorbiaceous, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Violaceae, and many of these plants are metal tolerant. About 300 Ni hyperaccumulating plants been identified. These members exhibit unusual appetite for toxic metals and elemental defense. Hyperaccumulators provide protection against fungal and insect attack. Investigations suggested that Ni-hyperaccumulation has a protective function against fungal and bacterial pathogens in Streptanthus polygaloides and Thlaspi montanum. Significance of nickelophilous plants and their significance in phytotechnologies are discussed in this paper.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Heavy metal; Hyperaccumulators; Nickel; Phytomanagement; Tolerance.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-04202005000100010

Physiological response of oil palm interspecific hybrids (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes versus Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to water deficit
Provedor de dados: 61
Autores: Méndez,Yurany Dayanna Rivera; Chacón,Leonardo Moreno; Bayona,Cristihian Jarry; Romero,Hernán Mauricio.
Water supply is the main yield-limiting abiotic factor of oil palm in Colombia. To determine the effect of water deficit on the physiology of oil palm and to assess the tolerance degree to this condition, interspecific Elaeis oleifera versus Elaeis guineensis 'U1273', 'U1859', 'U1914', and 'U1937' hybrids were planted for 60 days in soil with different water potentials (-0.042, -0.5, -1.0, and -2.0 MPa) in a complete randomized factorial design with three replications. The water potential, osmotic adjustment molecules (total and reducing sugar content), gas exchange (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and leaf respiration), and vegetative growth (height, bulb diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, total dry matter, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecophysiology; Growth; Stress; Tolerance; Water potential.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-04202012000400006

Cd-tolerance markers of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen plants: anatomical and physiological features
Provedor de dados: 61
Autores: Gomes,Marcelo Pedrosa; Marques,Teresa Cristina Lara Lanza Sa e Melo; Martins,Giordane Augusto; Carneiro,Marília Mercia Lima Carvalho; Soares,Ângela Maria.
Physiological and anatomical features of Cd-tolerance in Pfaffia glomerata were examined by exposing plantlets to nutrient solutions with increasing Cd concentrations (0, 15, 45, and 90 µmol Cd L-1), and possible Cd-tolerance markers were established. Cd contents were found to be higher in roots than in shoots. According to the bio-concentration factor data, this species is effectively a Cd-hyperaccumulator, as previously attested. Cd induced the appearance of xeromorphic characteristics in leaves (decreased water potential, increased numbers and decreased stomata size) and increased root endodermis thickness. The enzymatic antioxidant systems of roots and leaves were differently affected by Cd. The coordinated activities of antioxidant enzymes were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cd-oxidative damage; Phytoextraction; Tolerance.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-04202012000400008

Lead toxicity in plants
Provedor de dados: 61
Autores: Sharma,Pallavi; Dubey,Rama Shanker.
Contamination of soils by heavy metals is of widespread occurrence as a result of human, agricultural and industrial activities. Among heavy metals, lead is a potential pollutant that readily accumulates in soils and sediments. Although lead is not an essential element for plants, it gets easily absorbed and accumulated in different plant parts. Uptake of Pb in plants is regulated by pH, particle size and cation exchange capacity of the soils as well as by root exudation and other physico-chemical parameters. Excess Pb causes a number of toxicity symptoms in plants e.g. stunted growth, chlorosis and blackening of root system. Pb inhibits photosynthesis, upsets mineral nutrition and water balance, changes hormonal status and affects membrane structure and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Antioxidant defense system; Detoxification; Lead; Osmolytes; Toxicity; Phytochelatin; Phytoremediation; Rhizofiltration; Tolerance.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-04202005000100004

Classification of some Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Germination, Seedling Growth, and Ion Content
Provedor de dados: 117
Autores: Demir Kaya,Mehmet; Day,Sibel; Cikili,Yakup; Arslan,Neset.
Salinity reduces germination, delays emergence, and inhibits seedling growth of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) while some varieties are less affected by salinity than others. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of NaCl levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m-1) on germination and seedling growth of 10 linseed genotypes (lines 87, 89, 104, 114, 193, 194, 209, 215, C-90 and cv. San-85) and to classify the genotypes for salinity tolerance using germination and seedling characteristics. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight, Na+ content and Na:K ratio of seedlings were investigated. Classification of linseed genotypes for salinity tolerance was done according to (i) combination of Principal...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: NaCl; Tolerance; Cluster; Ion accumulation.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392012000100005