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ConserveOnline and Fortaleza: Sharing Conservation Success and Failure on the Internet
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Jonathan; The Nature Conservancy; jadams@tnc.org; Brugger, Carrie; ; cbrugger@tnc.org; Ding, Yi-Lun; ; yding@tnc.org; Flores, Marlon; ; mflores@tnc.org.
ConserveOnline and Fortaleza are Internet libraries of conservation science, practice, and institutional development. Open to anyone with relevant conservation data or experience, these libraries are designed to foster sharing successes and failures across a broad community of conservation practitioners, from academic researchers to conservation organizations to government agencies. The partners in these efforts, who include The Nature Conservancy, the Society for Conservation Biology, and NatureServe, as well as non-governmental organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean, hope to use the strengths of Internet communication to foster organizations that learn and adapt, and to build on the wealth of accumulated experience by providing accessible and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation practitioners; ConserveOnline; Fortaleza; Internet; Knowledge sharing; Learning; Library.
Ano: 2002

Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke. 2003. Navigating social-ecological systems: Building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Starzomski, Brian M; University of British Columbia; starzom@zoology.ubc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Using Private Rights to Manage Natural Resources: Is Stewardship Linked to Ownership?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilmour, Patrick W; Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne; gilmourp@unimelb.edu.au; Day, Robert W; Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne; r.day@unimelb.edu.au; Dwyer, Peter D; Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne; pddwyer@unimelb.edu.au.
There is increasing interest in privatizing natural resource systems to promote sustainability and conservation goals. Though economic theory suggests owners of private property rights have an incentive to act as resource stewards, few studies have tested this empirically. This paper asks whether private rights-owners were more conservative with respect to their management opinions than nonrights-owners in five Australian abalone (Haliotis spp.) fisheries. Multiple regression analyses were used to link opinions to demographic, economic, and attitudinal variables. In contrast to standard economic assumptions, nonrights-owners suggested more conservative catch limits than did rights-owners, confirming qualitative observations of behavior in management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Comanagement; Fisheries; Individual transferable quota; Property rights; Stewardship; Sustainable behavior.
Ano: 2012

Exploring the implications of critical complexity for the study of social-ecological systems.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Audouin, Michelle; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ; maudouin@csir.co.za; Preiser, Rika; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University ; rika@sun.ac.za; Nienaber, Shanna; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; SNienaber@csir.co.za; Downsborough, Linda; Monash University ;; Lanz, Johann; ;; Mavengahama, Sydney; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand ;.
The complexity of social-ecological systems is well recognized (Berkes et al. 2003, Norberg and Cumming 2008). However, in the study of such systems, it is often the uncertainty that results from nonlinear interactions that forms the focus of discussion. Here, the normative implications of complexity for our knowledge of such systems are emphasised, by drawing largely on the work of Cilliers (1998, 2005a), who introduced the term "critical complexity." This perspective on complexity is distinct in bringing the value-based choices that frame our knowledge generation strategies to the fore. It is from this view that we investigate the implications of complexity for social-ecological systems research. Based on these implications, we propose a set of five key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Critical complexity; Freshwater conservation; Knowledge types; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Socioeconomics, Policy, or Climate Change: What is Driving Vulnerability in Southern Portugal?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moors, Eddy J.; ALTERRA; eddy.moors@wur.nl; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph; University of Leeds ; frasere@uoguelph.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drought; Portugal; System dynamics modeling; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Sustainability Science for Tropical Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pandey, Deep Narayan; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); d.pandey@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

An Empty Donut Hole: the Great Collapse of a North American Fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bailey, Kevin M.; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Kevin.Bailey@NOAA.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Aleutian Basin; Bering Sea; Commercial fisheries; Conservation; North Pacific; Theragra chalcogramma; Walleye pollock.
Ano: 2011

Exploring institutional adaptive capacity in practice: examining water governance adaptation in Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bettini, Yvette; University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research; Monash Water for Liveability Centre, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University; y.bettini@uq.edu.au; Brown, Rebekah R; School of Social Sciences, Monash Water for Liveability Centre, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University; Rebekah.Brown@monash.edu; de Haan, Fjalar J; School of Social Sciences, Monash Water for Liveability Centre, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University; Fjalar.dehaan@monash.edu.
Adaptive capacity is widely held as a key property of resilient and transformative social-ecological systems. However, current knowledge of the term does not yet address key questions of how to operationalize this system condition to address sustainability challenges through research and policy. This paper explores temporal and agency dimensions of adaptive capacity in practice to better understand how system conditions and attributes enable adaptation. An institutional dynamics lens is employed to systemically examine empirical cases of change in urban water management. Comparative analysis of two Australian cities' drought response is conducted using institutional analysis and qualitative system dynamics mapping techniques. The study finds that three...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Institutions; Resilience; Transformation; Water governance.
Ano: 2015

Adaptive Co-management Networks: a Comparative Analysis of Two Fishery Conservation Areas in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rova, Carl; Division of Social Science/Political Science Unit, Lule&amp;aring; University of Technology, Sweden; carl.rova@ltu.se.
Co-management constitutes a certain type of institutional arrangement that has gained increased attention among both policy makers and researchers involved in the field of natural resource management. Yet the concept of co-management is broad, and our knowledge about how different kinds of management structures affect the ability to deal with challenges pertinent to the commons is limited. One of these challenges is to foster an adaptive management process, i.e., a process in which rules are continuously revised and changed according to what is known about the ecological system. We aim to address the relationship between different kinds of co-management structures and adaptive management. To this end, we conducted a comparative case study of two Fishery...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Co-management; Governance; Natural resource management; Social networks; Social network analysis; SNA.
Ano: 2010

Equity and REDD+ in the Media: a Comparative Analysis of Policy Discourses
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Cronin, Tim; WWF Australia; timpcronin@hotmail.com; Muharrom, Efrian ; Center for International Forestry Research; e.muharrom@cgiar.org; Santoso, Levania; Center for International Forestry Research; l.santoso@cgiar.org; Mardiah, Sofi; Center for International Forestry Research; s.mardiah@cgiar.org.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is primarily a market-based mechanism for achieving the effective reduction of carbon emissions from forests. Increasingly, however, concerns are being raised about the implications of REDD+ for equity, including the importance of equity for achieving effective carbon emission reductions from forests. Equity is a multifaceted concept that is understood differently by different actors and at different scales, and public discourse helps determine which equity concerns reach the national policy agenda. Results from a comparative media analysis of REDD+ public discourse in four countries show that policy makers focus more on international than national equity concerns, and that they neglect...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Discourse; Equity; Media analysis; Mitigation; REDD+.
Ano: 2013

What Constitutes Success in Pacific Island Community Conserved Areas?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Axford, Joanna C; School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland; jo.axford@gmail.com; Hockings, Marc T; School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland; hockings@uqg.uq.edu.au; Carter, R W. (Bill); Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast; Bcarter@usc.edu.au.
In recent years, few if any community conserved areas (CCAs) in the Pacific island region have been regarded as being successful. However, as success is rarely defined, what constitutes &amp;#8220;success&amp;#8221; is not clear. This paper reports an investigation into the way &amp;#8220;outsiders&amp;#8221; perceive success in Pacific island CCAs. An exploratory survey revealed six umbrella themes of success: the locus of control; local benefits; resource aspects; management; external stakeholder involvement; and sustainability. Multivariate analysis distinguished two groups, a Big picture group and a Locally focused group. These differ in how they define success, as well as their organizational alignment. The Big picture group, largely from funder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community conserved area; Conservation; Pacific islands; Perception; Protected area; Success.
Ano: 2008

When Donors Get Cold Feet: the Community Conservation Concession in Setulang (Kalimantan, Indonesia) that Never Happened
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wunder, Sven; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); S.Wunder@cgiar.org; Campbell, Bruce; Forests and Livelihoods Programme, CIFOR; School for Environmental Research, Charles Darwin University; b.campbell@cgiar.org; Frost, Peter GH; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.frost@cgiar.org; Sayer, Jeffrey A; IUCN Landscapes and Livelihoods Initiative; jeff.sayer@iucn.org; Iwan, Ramses; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); r.iwan@cgiar.org; Wollenberg, Lini; The University of Vermont; lini.wollenberg@uvm.edu.
There is consensus that payments for biodiversity services are a promising conservation tool, yet the implementation of applied schemes has been lagging behind. This paper explores some reasons why potential biodiversity buyers may hesitate. It describes the case of an unsuccessful attempt to establish a community conservation concession in the village of Setulang (East Kalimantan, Indonesia) to safeguard a biologically valuable area from predatory logging. Potential biodiversity donors did not engage in this payments-for-environmental-services scheme mainly because of their limited time horizon and uneasiness about the conditionality principle. Other complicating factors included overlapping land claims, and the diagnosis of the externality at hand. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Kalimantan; Logging; Payments for environmental services.
Ano: 2008

Global Water Governance in the Context of Global and Multilevel Governance: Its Need, Form, and Challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gupta, Joyeeta; Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education; J.Gupta@uva.nl.
To complement this Special Feature on global water governance, we focused on a generic challenge at the global level, namely, the degree to which water issues need to be dealt with in a centralized, concentrated, and hierarchical manner. We examined water ecosystem services and their impact on human well-being, the role of policies, indirect and direct drivers in influencing these services, and the administrative level(s) at which the provision of services and potential trade-offs can be dealt with. We applied a politics of scale perspective to understand motivations for defining a problem at the global or local level and show that the multilevel approach to water governance is evolving and inevitable. We argue that a centralized overarching governance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Global governance; Multilevel governance; Scale; Water governance.
Ano: 2013

An Evaluation of Integrated Climate Protection Policies for the United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bernow, Stephen; Tellus Institute; sbernow@tellus.org; Duckworth, Max; Tellus Institute; maxd@tellus.org.
This paper presents and discusses an integrated set of policies designed to reduce U.S. carbon emissions over the next four decades.  This innovation path also aims to promote environmental quality, particularly by reducing emissions of criteria air pollutants, to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil, and to induce technological innovation and diffusion in energy production and consumption. The innovation path would reduce economy-wide carbon emissions by 26% below baseline projections for 2010 and by 62% below baseline projections for 2030; this translates into 10% below 1990 levels in 2010 and 45% below 1990 levels in 2030.  Emissions of criteria pollutants also would be significantly reduced, as would petroleum imports by the United States. Moreover,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Air pollutants; Carbon emissions; Climate change policy; Costs and benefits; Innovation path analysis; U.S. economy.
Ano: 1998

Sustainable livelihoods through conservation of wetland resources: a case of economic benefits from Ghodaghodi Lake, western Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lamsal, Pramod; ; pramod_lamsal@yahoo.com; Pant, Krishna Prasad; Kathmandu University; Krishna.Pant@ku.edu.np; Kumar, Lalit; University of New England; lkumar@une.edu.au; Atreya, Kishor; Kathmandu University; k.atreya@gmail.com.
We investigated the participation of local ethnic groups in wetland conservation, determined the economic benefits that they received from the wetlands, and assessed socioeconomic factors that affect dependency on wetlands. A total of 217 wetland resource-user households residing around Ghodaghodi Lake, western Nepal were surveyed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and ordinary least squares regressions. The wetland resources contributed significantly to the household economy of the local people. Each household extracted lake resources at an annual worth of NPR 4379 ($63 USD), equivalent to 12.4% of the household total gross income. Although the people maintained a positive attitude toward wetland conservation, their participation in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation attitude; Conservation participation; Livelihood; Sustainability; Wetland conservation.
Ano: 2015

Trade-offs across Space, Time, and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beard, Jr., T. Douglas; U.S. Geological Survey; Dbeard@usgs.gov; Bennett, Elena M; McGill University; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca; Cumming, Graeme  S.; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu; Cork, Steven J; Land &amp; Water Australia; steve.cork@lwa.gov.au; Agard, John; University of the West Indies; johnagard@yahoo.com / jagard@fsa.uwi.tt; Dobson, Andrew P.; Princeton University; dobber@princeton.edu; Peterson, Garry D.; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca.
Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems. Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of increased use of another ES. In some cases, a trade-off may be an explicit choice; but in others, trade-offs arise without premeditation or even awareness that they are taking place. Trade-offs in ES can be classified along three axes: spatial scale, temporal scale, and reversibility. Spatial scale refers to whether the effects of the trade-off are felt locally or at a distant location. Temporal scale refers to whether the effects take place relatively rapidly or slowly. Reversibility expresses the likelihood...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Space; Time; Synergisms; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2006

Resilience Management in Social-ecological Systems: a Working Hypothesis for a Participatory Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Abel, Nick; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; nick.abel@csiro.au; Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Lebel, Louis; Unit for Social and Environmental Research; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Norberg, Jon; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; jon.norberg@ecology.su.se; Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Pritchard, Rusty; Emory University; lpritc2@emory.edu.
Approaches to natural resource management are often based on a presumed ability to predict probabilistic responses to management and external drivers such as climate. They also tend to assume that the manager is outside the system being managed. However, where the objectives include long-term sustainability, linked social-ecological systems (SESs) behave as complex adaptive systems, with the managers as integral components of the system. Moreover, uncertainties are large and it may be difficult to reduce them as fast as the system changes. Sustainability involves maintaining the functionality of a system when it is perturbed, or maintaining the elements needed to renew or reorganize if a large perturbation radically alters structure and function. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Household Land Management and Biodiversity: Secondary Succession in a Forest-Agriculture Mosaic in Southern Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roy Chowdhury, Rinku; University of Miami; rroychowdhury@miami.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Household decision making; Land allocation models; Mexico; Secondary forest.
Ano: 2007

Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Conservation of Cross River Gorillas: a Case Study of Bechati, Fossimondi, Besali, Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Etiendem, Denis Ndeloh; PhD Candidate, Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussels; nndeloh@gmail.com; Hens, Luc; Vlaamse instelling voor Technologish Onderzoek NV (VITO); luchens51@gmail.com; Pereboom, Zjef; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp; Zjef.Pereboom@kmda.org.
Traditional beliefs associated with the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) in Lebialem Division, Cameroon, were studied to establish the usefulness of incorporating these local belief systems into the conservation strategy for this critically endangered species. A survey was conducted in 2007 in five villages to assess local perceptions of human&amp;#8211;gorilla totemic kinship practices and taboos against hunting and against eating of gorillas. Villages were selected based on their proximity to Cross River gorilla (CRG) habitat, with a total of 184 interviewer-administered questionnaires completed during a 4-week period. Eighty-six percent of people agreed that gorillas were totems (personal spiritual helpers or counterparts) of people living...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cameroon; Critically endangered; Traditional knowledge; Village.
Ano: 2011

Using Ants as bioindicators:  Multiscale Issues in Ant Community Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andersen, Alan; Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; Alan.Andersen@terc.csiro.au.
Ecological patterns and processes are characteristically scale dependent, and research   findings often cannot be translated easily from one scale to another. Conservation biology is challenged by a lack of congruence between the spatial scales of ecological research (typically involving small plots) and land management (typically involving whole landscapes). Here, I discuss spatial scaling issues as they relate to an understanding of ant communities and, consequently, their use as bioindicators in land management. Our perceptions of fundamental patterns and processes in ant communities depend on scale: taxa that are behaviorally dominant at one scale are not necessarily so at others, functional groups recognized at one scale are often inappropriate for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ants; Biodiversity surrogacy; Bioindicators; Community; Diversity patterns; Functional groups; Multiscale; Spatial scale.
Ano: 1997

From basic raw material goods to cultural and environmental services: the Chinese bamboo sophistication path
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gutierrez Rodriguez, Lucas; Department of Ecology, Autonomous University of Madrid; Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia; L.GRodriguez@cgiar.org; Yang, Xiaosheng; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; yxiaosheng@263.net; Xie, Jinzhong; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; jzhxie@163.net; Fu, Maoyi; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; fumy1@163.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Bamboo culture; Bamboo economy; Bamboo farmers; Bamboo forests; Bamboo industry; Bamboo plantations; Bamboo tourism; China; Cultural services; Economic services; Forestry; Rural development; Rural livelihoods.
Ano: 2014

Introduction to exploring opportunities for advancing collaborative adaptive management (CAM): integrating experience and practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Galat, David L.; Department of Fisheries &amp; Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri; GalatD@missouri.edu; Berkley, Jim; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; berkley.jim@epa.gov.
This Special Feature of Ecology and Society seeks to communicate a practitioner&amp;#8217;s perspective on the application of collaborative adaptive management (CAM) to contemporary natural resource management problems. One goal is to create an ongoing mechanism for dialogue that can connect practitioners, researchers, and policy makers. The core 15 papers are grouped into 3 categories that: (1) describe lessons learned through the practice of applying CAM principles to a specific project or generalizing principles from outcomes of a specific project; (2) summarize lessons learned from the author&amp;#8217;s extensive CAM experiences; and (3) seek to be instructive of one or more CAM principles through a survey, evaluation, or comparison of multiple...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Case studies; Collaborative adaptive management; Collaborative Adaptive Management Network; Experiential learning; Lessons learned; Natural resource practitioners; Science-policy dialogue.
Ano: 2014

Toward a new conceptualization of household adaptive capacity to climate change: applying a risk governance lens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elrick-Barr, Carmen E; University of the Sunshine Coast; celrick@usc.edu.au; Preston, Benjamin L; Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; prestonbl@ornl.gov; Thomsen, Dana C; University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F.; University of the Sunshine Coast; TSmith5@usc.edu.au.
Increasing evidence highlights the importance of context-specific understanding of the impacts of climate change and the need to move beyond generalized assumptions regarding the nature and utility of adaptive capacity in facilitating adaptation. The household level of impact and response is an under-researched context, despite influential decisions affecting local and system vulnerability being made at this scale. Assessments of household adaptive capacity currently assess the influences of adaptive capacity or the influences on adaptive capacity in isolation. We argue that comprehensive assessments need to examine these influences in combination to capture a dynamic and integrated view of households that better reflects their positioning and role(s) in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Household; Multi-scale.
Ano: 2014

Synthesis: Vulnerability, Traps, and Transformations&amp;#8212;Long-term Perspectives from Archaeology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoon, Michael; Arizona State University; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Fabricius, Christo; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; christo.fabricius@gmail.com; Anderies, John M.; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Nelson, Margaret; Arizona State University; mnelson@asu.edu.
In this synthesis, we hope to accomplish two things: 1) reflect on how the analysis of the new archaeological cases presented in this special feature adds to previous case studies  by revisiting a set of propositions reported in a 2006 special feature, and 2) reflect on four main ideas that are more specific to the archaeological cases: i) societal choices are influenced by robustness&amp;#8211;vulnerability trade-offs, ii) there is interplay between robustness&amp;#8211;vulnerability trade-offs and robustness&amp;#8211;performance trade-offs, iii) societies often get locked in to particular strategies, and iv)  multiple positive feedbacks escalate the perceived cost of societal change. We then discuss whether these lock-in traps can be prevented or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Robustness; Trade-offs; Transformation; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Visions: A Personal Essay
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Effects of Roads and Traffic on Wildlife Populations and Landscape Function: Road Ecology is Moving toward Larger Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Ree, Rodney; University of Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au; van der Grift, Edgar A.; Alterra, Wageningen UR, Netherlands; edgar.vandergrift@wur.nl; Clevenger, Anthony P.; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, USA; apclevenger@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Animal movement; Animal-vehicle collisions; Barrier effect; Ecological threshold; Gene flow; Habitat fragmentation; Mitigation; Population viability analysis; Road ecology; Road-effect zone; Traffic mortality; Traffic noise; Traffic volume; Transportation planning.
Ano: 2011

Connecting knowledge with action through coproductive capacities: adaptive governance and connectivity conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wyborn, Carina A; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana; carina.wyborn@umontana.edu.
Effective adaptive governance will emerge from strong relationships between science, governance, and practice. However, these relationships receive scant critical attention among adaptive governance scholarship. To address this lacuna, Jasanoff&amp;#8217;s &amp;#8220;idiom of coproduction&amp;#8221; provides a lens to view the dialectical relationships between science and society. This view sees science and governance as coevolving through iterative relationships between the material, cognitive, social, and normative dimensions of a problem. This coevolution is precisely the aspiration of adaptive governance; however, the abstract notion of coproduction must be grounded to provide practical guidance for groups aspiring to &amp;#8220;govern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive governance; Boundary organizations; Bridging organizations; Connectivity conservation; Coproduction; Coproductive capacities.
Ano: 2015

Integrating Expert Knowledge into Mapping Ecosystem Services Trade-offs for Sustainable Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brunner, Sibyl H.; Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ; brunner@nsl.ethz.ch; Altwegg, Juerg; Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ; altwegg@nsl.ethz.ch; Christen, Marc; WSL - Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; christen@slf.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL - Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch.
Mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to global change. In fact, the continued capacity of mountain regions to provide goods and services to society is threatened by the impact of environmental changes on ecosystems. Although mapping ecosystem services values is known to support sustainable resource management, the integration of spatially explicit local expert knowledge on ecosystem dynamics and social responses to global changes has not yet been integrated in the modeling process. This contribution demonstrates the importance of integrating local knowledge into the spatially explicit valuation of ecosystem services. Knowledge acquired by expert surveys flows into a GIS-based Bayesian Network for valuing forest ecosystem services under a land-use and a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian network; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Expert survey; Forest management; Land-use change; Mapping; Mountain ecosystem; Trade-offs; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Public Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eagle, Josh; University of South Carolina School of Law; josh.eagle@yahoo.com; Kuker, Amanda; University of South Carolina School of Law; kuker@mailbox.sc.edu.
There is almost universal agreement that the most effective solution to open-access natural resource problems lies in some form of ownership.  Authors disagree on the secondary question of which ownership form, i.e., private, community, or government, will produce the most efficient or equitable results under particular conditions.  There has been little attention paid to the fact that government ownership, that is, regulation, is certain to produce results that all interested subsets of the public will view as inefficient and inequitable. Dissatisfaction flows inevitably from the requirements and realities of democratic decision-making structures and constraints.  In other words, a democracy puts more emphasis on fair process and the incorporation of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Commons; Fisheries; Fisheries law; Law and policy; United States.
Ano: 2010

Social and Ecological Factors Influencing Attitudes Toward the Application of High-Intensity Prescribed Burns to Restore Fire Adapted Grassland Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toledo, David; Texas A&amp;M University; david_toledo@tamu.edu; Sorice, Michael G.; Virginia Tech; msorice@vt.edu; Kreuter, Urs P.; Texas A&amp;M University; urs@tamu.edu.
Fire suppression in grassland systems that are adapted to episodic fire has contributed to the recruitment of woody species in grasslands worldwide. Even though the ecology of restoring these fire prone systems back to grassland states is becoming clearer, a major hurdle to the reintroduction of historic fires at a landscape scale is its social acceptability. Despite the growing body of literature on the social aspects of fire, an understanding of the human dimensions of applying high-intensity prescribed burns in grassland and savanna systems is lacking. We used structural equation modeling to examine how landowners&amp;#8217; attitudes toward high-intensity prescribed burns are affected by previous experience with burning, perceptions of brush...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: High-intensity prescribed burn; Prescribed fire; Social-ecological systems; Structural model; Subjective norms.
Ano: 2013

Collaborative Monitoring of Production and Costs of Timber Harvest Operations in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pokorny, Benno; University of Freiburg; benno.pokorny@waldbau.uni-freiburg.de.
Timber companies and policy makers in the Brazilian Amazon urgently need financial information on forest management. Results from a few experiments, case studies, and surveys have been groundbreaking, but are insufficient. A strategic partnership between timber companies and research organizations is needed to generate additional information. This paper presents a tool for monitoring production and costs of forest operations to facilitate such collaboration. The tool provides useful information for companies and, at the same time, generates reliable data for research. Selected results are presented on production, capacity, and costs to demonstrate the usefulness of the information that can be generated. These results are based on the first 2 years of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazilian Amazon; Costs; Forest operations; Monitoring; Productivity; Reduced-impact logging.
Ano: 2005

Exploring ecosystem-change and society through a landscape lens: recent progress in European landscape research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; University of Copenhagen; tobias.plieninger@ign.ku.dk; Kizos, Thanasis; University of the Aegean; akizos@aegean.gr; Bieling, Claudia; University of Hohenheim; claudia.bieling@uni-hohenheim.de; Budniok, Marie-Alice; European Landowners' Organization; legal@elo.org; Crumley, Carole L.; Uppsala University; crumley@live.unc.edu; Howard, Pip; Forest Communication Network Ltd.; pipahoward@gmail.com; Kolen, Jan; Leiden University; j.c.a.kolen@arch.leidenuniv.nl; Milcinski, Grega; SINERGISE; grega.milcinski@sinergise.com; Palang, Hannes; Tallinn University; palang@tlu.ee; Verburg, Peter H.; VU University Amsterdam; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl.
Landscapes are closely linked to human well-being, but they are undergoing rapid and fundamental change. Understanding the societal transformation underlying these landscape changes, as well as the ecological and societal outcomes of landscape transformations across scales are prime areas for landscape research. We review and synthesize findings from six important areas of landscape research in Europe and discuss how these findings may advance the study of ecosystem change and society and its thematic key priorities. These six areas are: (1) linkages between people and the environment in landscapes, (2) landscape structure and land-use intensity, (3) long-term landscape history, (4) driving forces, processes, and actors of landscape change, (5) landscape...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; European Landscape Convention; Landscape governance; Landscape stewardship; Landscape values; Multiscale landscape modeling; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

National REDD+ policy networks: from cooperation to conflict
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is a financial mechanism aimed at providing incentives to reduce carbon emissions from forests and enhance carbon stocks. In most forest-rich developing countries, policy actors, i.e., state and nonstate as well as international and national, are designing national REDD+ policies. Actors&amp;#8217; interests and beliefs shape patterns of interactions, ranging from cooperation to conflict, and these interactions influence a country&amp;#8217;s direction and progress in REDD+ policy formulation and implementation. We used a comparative policy network approach to analyze the power structures in national REDD+ policy domains in seven countries. We drew on the typology of power structures...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Conflict; Cooperation; Policy networks; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014

The Tribal Perspective of Old Growth in Frequent-fire Forests&amp;#8212;Its History
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yazzie, Victoria; Ecological Restoration Institute; College of Menominee Nation; vyazzie@menominee.edu.
Anyone who has not lived in &amp;#8220;Indian country&amp;#8221; cannot understand just how extensively the United States government and its laws affect Native Americans and their natural resource management. These effects are sobering, and touch upon sensitive issues that all Native Americans hold within us. In this article, I outline the historic cycle of tribal entities, and characterize today&amp;#8217;s tribal self-determination in forest management. I provide an historical account from the &amp;#8220;colonial&amp;#8221; period and its use of the Doctrine of Discovery to the relations between the United States government and Native Americans from the 18th through the 20th centuries, during which time Native Americans struggled to establish their legal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2007

Response of Wolves to Corridor Restoration and Human Use Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shepherd, Brenda; Jasper National Park; Brenda.Shepherd@pc.gc.ca; Whittington, Jesse; Banff National Park; Jesse.Whittington@pc.gc.ca.
Corridor restoration is increasingly being used to connect habitat in mountainous areas where rugged topography and increasing human activity fragment habitat. Wolves (Canis lupus) are a conservation priority because they avoid areas with high levels of human use and are ecologically important predators. We examined how corridor restoration through a golf course changes the distribution of wolves and their prey in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. We followed and recorded wolf paths in the snow both within the corridor and in the surrounding landscape before and after a corridor was re-established. Track transects were used to estimate prey abundance and snow depths, and trail counters measured human activity. We compared resources on wolf paths to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Canis lupus; Conditional logistic regression; Corridor; Elk; Golf course; Jasper; Restoration; Trail; Wolves.
Ano: 2006

In Situ Behavioral Response of Common Loons Associated with Elevated Mercury (Hg) Exposure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nocera, Joseph J; Acadia University; 023758n@acadiau.ca; Taylor, Philip D; Acadia University; ptaylor@resalliance.org.
Common Loons (Gavia immer) in Nova Scotia, Canada have the highest blood mercury (Hg) concentrations of any loon population in North America. Previous studies have shown that exposure to varying levels of Hg in prey is associated with changes in pre-nesting adult behavior. We report here the first association of sublethal blood Hg contamination with changes in behavior of Common Loon young. As Hg levels in their blood rise, the amount of time that chicks spend brooding (by back-riding) decreases (P = 0.004) and time spent preening increases (P  = 0.003). The sum increase in energy expenditure is not being compensated for with expected increases in feeding rates or begging. We suggest that such altered time-activity budgets may disrupt the energetic balance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavioral toxicology; Common loon behavior; Gavia immer; Kejimkujik National Park; Nova Scotia; Canada; Mercury; Neurotoxicity; Southwestern New Brunswick; Sub-lethal exposure; Time-activity budgets.
Ano: 1998

A Tool and Process that Facilitate Community Capacity Building and Social Learning for Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raymond, Christopher M; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University; Enviroconnect Pty Ltd; chris.raymond@enviroconnect.com.au; Cleary, Jen; Centre for Rural Health and Community Development, University of South Australia; jen.cleary@unisa.edu.au.
This study presents a self-assessment tool and process that facilitate community capacity building and social learning for natural resource management. The tool and process provide opportunities for rural landholders and project teams both to self-assess their capacity to plan and deliver natural resource management (NRM) programs and to reflect on their capacities relative to other organizations and institutions that operate in their region. We first outline the tool and process and then present a critical review of the pilot in the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region, South Australia. Results indicate that participants representing local, organizational, and institutional tiers of government were able to arrive at a group consensus position on the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Co-management; Community capacity; Environmental management; Participatory action research.
Ano: 2013

Road Impacts on Abundance, Call Traits, and Body Size of Rainforest Frogs in Northeast Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoskin, Conrad J.; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Conrad.Hoskin@anu.edu.au; Goosem, Miriam W.; James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; miriam.goosem1@jcu.edu.au.
Frogs are potentially sensitive indicators of road impacts, with studies indicating particular susceptibility to road mortality. Calling, i.e.,  breeding, behavior could also be affected by traffic noise. We investigated effects on frog abundance and calling behavior where a busy highway crosses rainforest stream breeding habitat in northeast Australia. Frog abundance was repeatedly surveyed along five stream transects during a summer breeding season. Abundance of two species, Litoria rheocola and Austrochaperina pluvialis, increased significantly with perpendicular distance from the road along two transects. No trends in abundance were detected for A. pluvialis on two other transects where it was common, or for Litoria serrata on one transect where...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Call frequency; Call masking; Litoria rheocola; Road kill; Stream; Traffic noise.
Ano: 2010

Multiple telecouplings and their complex interrelationships
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu; Hull, Vanessa; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; hullvane@msu.edu; Luo, Junyan; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; Systems In Motion; JLuo@Entertainment.com; Yang, Wu; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; Conservation International; yangwu1201@gmail.com; Liu, Wei; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); wliu@helppanda.org; Vogt, Christine; Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University; chrisv@asu.edu; Xu, Zhenci; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; xuzhenci@msu.edu; Yang, Hongbo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; yanghongbo01@gmail.com; Zhang, Jindong; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; zhangjd224@163.com; An, Li; Department of Geography, San Diego State University; lan@mail.sdsu.edu; Chen, Xiaodong; Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; chenxd@email.unc.edu; Li, Shuxin; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; lishu@msu.edu; Ouyang, Zhiyun; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Xu, Weihua; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; xuweihua@rcees.ac.cn; Zhang, Hemin; Wolong Nature Reserve; 2892959098@qq.com.
Increasingly, the world is becoming socioeconomically and environmentally connected, but many studies have focused on human-environment interactions within a particular area. Although some studies have considered the impacts of external factors, there is little research on multiple reciprocal socioeconomic and environmental interactions between a focal area and other areas. Here we address this important knowledge gap by applying the new integrated framework of telecouplings (socioeconomic and environmental interactions between two or more areas over distances). Results show that even a protected area - i.e., the Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas in southwest China - has multiple telecoupling processes with the rest of the world; these include panda...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: China; Conservation; Cross-scale interactions; Environmental interactions; Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); Human-environment interactions; Information dissemination; Nature reserve; Socioeconomic interactions; Telecoupling; Telecoupling framework; Wolong Nature Reserve.
Ano: 2015

Past, Present, and Future Old Growth in Frequent-fire Conifer Forests of the Western United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abella, Scott R.; Public Lands Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Scott.Abella@unlv.edu; Covington, W. Wallace; Ecological Restoration Institute; Northern Arizona University School of Forestry; wally.covington@nau.edu; Lentile, Leigh B.; Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho; lentile@uidaho.edu; Morgan, Penelope; Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho; pmorgan@uidaho.edu.
Old growth in the frequent-fire conifer forests of the western United States, such as those containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi), giant sequoia (Sequioa giganteum) and other species, has undergone major changes since Euro-American settlement. Understanding past changes and anticipating future changes under different potential management scenarios are fundamental to developing ecologically based fuel reduction or ecological restoration treatments. Some of the many changes that have occurred in these forests include shifts from historically frequent surface fire to no fire or to stand-replacing fire regimes, increases in tree density, increased abundance of fire-intolerant trees, decreases in understory productivity,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Evolutionary environment; Mixed conifer; Management; Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus ponderosa; Range of variability; Sequoia giganteum.
Ano: 2007

Measuring perceptions of climate change in northern Alaska: pairing ethnography with cultural consensus analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks; clcarothers@alaska.edu; Brown, Caroline; Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; caroline.brown@alaska.gov; Moerlein, Katie J; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks; katie.moerlein@gmail.com; Andersen, David B.; Research North; resnorth@eagle.ptialaska.net; Retherford, Brittany; Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; brittany.retherford@alaska.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Climate change; Cultural consensus analysis; Fishing; Indigenous peoples; Local and traditional ecological knowledge; Subsistence.
Ano: 2014

Merging capabilities and livelihoods: analyzing the use of biological resources to improve well-being
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lienert, Juri; University of Basel, Department of Social Sciences, Sustainability Research Group; juri.lienert@gmail.com; Burger, Paul; University of Basel, Department of Social Sciences, Sustainability Research Group; paul.burger@unibas.ch.
Especially poor people in developing countries depend on biological resources to manage their livelihoods and to generate income. Because these resources are usually public goods, their use is often subjected to what is known as the tragedy of the commons, potentially leading to resource depletion, environmental degradation, and loss of biodiversity, which consequently undermines the availability and capacity of resources to contribute to residents&amp;#8217; well-being in the long run. We suggest addressing this typical sustainability issue from a new angle. Against the backdrop of identifiable shortcomings within two popular analytic approaches, the capability approach (CA) and the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA), we argue for an improved...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Capability approach; Sustainability analysis; Sustainable livelihood approach; Use of biological resources; Valuation; Well-being.
Ano: 2015

Resilience in Transboundary Water Governance: the Okavango River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Green, Olivia O.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; green.olivia@epa.gov; Cosens, Barbara A.; University of Idaho College of Law; bcosens@uidaho.edu; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; International water law; Okavango; Resilience; Transboundary water governance; Treaty design.
Ano: 2013

Policy dimensions of land-use change in peri-urban floodplains: the case of Paraty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh; d.vanderhorst@bham.ac.uk; Carneiro, Paulo; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; carneiro@hidro.ufrj.br; Amis, Philip; University of Birmingham, International Development Department; P.Amis@bham.ac.uk; Ioris, Antonio; University of Edinburgh; a.ioris@ed.ac.uk.
Peri-urban floodplains located in upstream reaches of urban areas play a key role in the resilience of social-ecological systems. The need to adapt to increasing flood risks by protecting these natural assets represents a huge challenge for many cities facing rapid expansion and limited financial resources for the mitigation of environmental impacts. To understand how better governance and management can be put in place, there is a need to map the key players shaping and/or being impacted by land-use change processes and assess the barriers keeping them from playing a more constructive role in the collaborative governance of cities, the natural resources which sustain them, and the environmental risks that pose a threat.  A conceptualization of power...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Brazil; Flood prevention; Land-use adaptation; Reflexive governance; Water-flow regulation services.
Ano: 2015

Environmental Flows: Striking the Balance between Development and Resource Protection
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: King, Jackie; University of Cape Town; Jackie.King@uct.ac.za; Brown, Cate; Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting;.
Management of scarce water resources through the use of environmental flows, particularly in developing countries in data-poor arid areas, raises many scientific challenges. These include transforming hydrological data into an ecologically relevant format, providing quantified predictions of river responses to flow change, describing the impacts of river change on common-property users of the rivers, providing the information in a format that decision makers can use, and guiding monitoring and adaptive management. Each of these challenges emerged in South Africa during the last two decades, when rivers and other aquatic ecosystems were enhanced in stature from having no rights to their own water to being one of only two sectors with a right to water; the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental flows; South Africa; Holistic approach; Biophysical change; River condition; Common-property use; Decision support system.
Ano: 2006

Economic Governance to Expand Commercial Wetlands: Within- and Cross-Scale Challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: de Blaeij, Arianne T.; LEI Wageningen UR; Arianne.deblaeij@wur.nl; Polman, Nico; LEI Wageningen UR; Nico.Polman@wur.nl; Reinhard, Stijn; LEI Wageningen UR; Stijn.Reinhard@wur.nl.
Commercial wetlands are defined as wetlands directed by an entrepreneur with the intention of making a profit. The combination of ecosystem services that commercial wetlands can provide seems to be an attractive societal perspective. Nevertheless, these wetlands are not developed on a large scale in the Netherlands. This paper discusses different types of economic governance that could facilitate the development of new commercial wetlands and addresses challenges that have to be overcome. We conclude that developing governance solutions that address ecosystem services with different scales is crucial for the introduction of commercial wetlands. Also, distinct and autonomous property rights of entrepreneurs need to be addressed.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commercial ecosystem; Economic governance; Economic value; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services; Multifunctional land use; PES systems; Scaling; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Assessing the Performance of Natural Resource Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.campbell@cgiar.org; Sayer, Jeffrey A; WWF (World Wildlife Fund); jsayer@wwfint.org; Frost, Peter; Institute of Environmental Studies; pfrost@compcentre.uz.ac.zw; Vermeulen, Sonja; International Institute for Environment and Development; sonja.vermeulen@iied.org; Cunningham, Tony; World Wildlife Fund/UNESCO/Kew People and Plants Initiative; peopleplants@bigpond.com; Prabhu, Ravi; CIFOR Regional Office; r.prabhu@cgiar.org.
Assessing the performance of management is central to natural resource management, in terms of improving the efficiency of interventions in an adaptive-learning cycle. This is not simple, given that such systems generally have multiple scales of interaction and response; high frequency of nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time lags; multiple stakeholders with contrasting objectives; and a high degree of context specificity. The importance of bounding the problem and preparing a conceptual model of the system is highlighted. We suggest that the capital assets approach to livelihoods may be an appropriate organizing principle for the selection of indicators of system performance. In this approach, five capital assets are recognized: physical, financial, social,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Capital assets; Conceptual models; Decision support; Livelihoods; Modeling; Multivariate statistics; Natural resource systems; Performance; Zimbabwe.
Ano: 2001

Emergence of human resilience in coastal ecosystems under environmental change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Matin, Nilufar; Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York; neela.matin@york.ac.uk; Taylor, Richard; Stockholm Environment Institute, Oxford Centre; richard.taylor@sei-international.org.
Resilience has been studied in a number of disciplines, predominantly in psychosocial and ecological sciences. Although there are striking similarities in their approaches, the psychosocial tradition has centered on the family and its immediate surroundings, whereas the social-ecological approach has focused on macrosystems that stop at the family level. Recently, the need for bridging these gaps has been echoed by researchers from both these traditions, particularly for promoting resilience of individuals and their wider environment in the context of natural disasters and climate change. However, a new synthesis of social-ecological and behavioral theories integrating multiple dynamic systems that interact across levels is strikingly rare. We addressed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Human resilience; Narrative inquiry; Psychosocial; Sense of coherence; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2015

The Significance of Context in Community-Based Research: Understanding Discussions about Wildfire in Huslia, Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huntington, Henry P; Huntington Consulting; hph@alaska.net; Trainor, Sarah F; University of Alaska Fairbanks; fnsft@uaf.edu; Natcher, David C; Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland; dnatcher@mun.ca; Huntington, Orville H; Alaska Native Science Commission; o.huntington@att.net; DeWilde, La'ona; Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council;; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu.
Community workshops are widely used tools for collaborative research on social-ecological resilience in indigenous communities. Although results have been reported in many publications, few have reflected explicitly on the workshop itself, and specifically on understanding what is said during a workshop. Drawing on experience from workshops held in Huslia, Alaska in 2004 on wildfire and climate change, we discuss the importance of considering cultural, political, and epistemological context when analyzing statements made by indigenous people in community workshops. We provide examples of statements whose meaning and intent were, and may remain, unclear, with descriptions of our attempts to understand what was being said by placing the statements in a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Cross-cultural communication; Indigenous knowledge; Wildfire; Workshops.
Ano: 2006

On the nature of keystone species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vanclay, Jerome; Southern Cross University; jvanclay@scu.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Coping with Multiple Stresses in Rural South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Quinn, Claire H.; Leeds University; c.h.quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Ziervogel, Gina; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town; gina@csag.uct.ac.za; Taylor, Anna; Stockholm Environment Institute ;; Takama, Takeshi; Stockholm Environment Institute;; Thomalla, Frank; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University ;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Food security; Multiple stressors; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Commonness and Rarity: Theory and Application of a New Model to Mediterranean Montane Grasslands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheiner, Samuel M; National Science Foundation; sscheine@nsf.gov; Levassor, Catherine; ;.
We examined patterns of commonness and rarity among plant species in montane wet grasslands of Iberia. This examination is set within two contexts. First, we expanded on an earlier scheme for classifying species as common or rare by adding a fourth criterion, the ability of that species to occupy a larger or smaller fraction of its potential suitable habitats, i.e., habitat occupancy. Second, we explicated two theories, the superior organism theory and the generalist/specialist trade-off theory. The data consisted of 232 species distributed among 92 plots. The species were measured for mean local abundance, size of environmental volume occupied, percentage of volume occupied, range within Iberia, and range in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. In general,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commonness; Endangered species; Generalist/specialist trade-off; Geographic range; Habitat occupancy; Habitat specificity; Iberia; Local abundance; Montane grasslands; Rarity; Superior organism theory.
Ano: 1999

Bridging the Gap between Ecology and Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pulliam, Ron; ; pulliam@ecology.uga.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gallopin, Gilberto C; Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Environment and Human S; ggallopin@eclac.cl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Complex Models and the Conjunction Fallacy: A Caution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schauber, Eric; University of Connecticut; eric.schauber@conn.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

An alternative policy evaluation of the British Columbia carbon tax: broadening the application of Elinor Ostrom&amp;#8217;s design principles for managing common-pool resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lacroix, Karine; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; lacroixk@uvic.ca; Richards, Garrett; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; gwr@uvic.ca.
Climate change is putting infrastructure, food supply, water resources, ecosystems, and human health at risk. These risks will be exacerbated depending on the degree of additional greenhouse gas emissions. Urgent action is needed to limit the severity of impacts associated with further warming. British Columbia (BC) has taken action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from carbon-based fuels by introducing a carbon tax in 2008. As an innovative approach to climate change mitigation, especially in North America, studies evaluating its effectiveness are valuable. We assessed the long-term viability potential of the BC carbon tax using common pool resource design principles, a novel application of the design principles to environmental policy. We found that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: British Columbia carbon tax; Common-pool resource; Elinor Ostrom design principles; Policy analysis.
Ano: 2015

Production Flexibility in Extensive Beef Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Extensive farming system; Livestock production system; Mix flexibility; Process flexibility.
Ano: 2011

What role can information play in improved equity in Pakistan&amp;#8217;s irrigation system?  Evidence from an experimental game in Punjab
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; New York University, Department of Environmental Studies; andrew.reid.bell@nyu.edu; Shah, M. Azeem A.; International Water Management Institute; a.shah@cgiar.org; Anwar, Arif; International Water Management Institute; a.anwar@cgiar.org; Ringler, Claudia; International Food Policy Research Institute; c.ringler@cgiar.org.
The Indus Basin Irrigation System suffers significant inequity in access to surface water across its millions of users.  Information, i.e., monitoring and reporting of water availability, may be of value in improving conditions across the basin, and we investigated this via an experimental game of water distribution in Punjab, Pakistan.  We found evidence that flow information allowed players to take more effective action to target overuse, and that overall activities that might bring social disapproval were reduced with information.  However, we did not find any overall improvement in equity across the system, suggesting that information on its own might not be sufficient to lead to better water distribution among irrigators.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Framed field experiment; Irrigation; Pakistan.
Ano: 2015

Predators on private land: broad-scale socioeconomic interactions influence large predator management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clements, Hayley S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South Africa; clementshayley@gmail.com; Cumming, Graeme S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South Africa; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia; gscumming@gmail.com; Kerley, Graham I. H.; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University,  South Africa; graham.kerley@nmmu.ac.za.
The proliferation of private land conservation areas (PLCAs) is placing increasing pressure on conservation authorities to effectively regulate their ecological management. Many PLCAs depend on tourism for income, and charismatic large mammal species are considered important for attracting international visitors. Broad-scale socioeconomic factors therefore have the potential to drive fine-scale ecological management, creating a systemic scale mismatch that can reduce long-term sustainability in cases where economic and conservation objectives are not perfectly aligned. We assessed the socioeconomic drivers and outcomes of large predator management on 71 PLCAs in South Africa. Owners of PLCAs that are stocking free-roaming large predators identified revenue...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus; Cross-scale interaction; Ecotourism; Financial objectives; Lion Panthera leo; Minimum area requirements; Predator management; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2016

Using the Species&amp;#8211;Area Relationship to Set Baseline Targets for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Desmet, Philip; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation; factoryrider@absamail.co.za; Cowling, Richard; University of Port Elizabeth; rmc@kingsley.co.za.
This paper demonstrates how the power form of the Species&amp;#8211;Area Relationship (SAR) can be used to set conservation targets for land classes using biodiversity survey data. The log-transformation of the power model is a straight line; therefore, if one knows the average number of species recorded per survey site and can estimate the true species number present in the land class, using EstimateS software, it is possible to calculate the slope of the curve, or z-value. The z-value is the exponent in the power model and it can then be used to estimate the proportion of area required to represent a given proportion of species present in any land class. This application of the SAR is explored using phytosociological relev&amp;eacute; data from South...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation planning  land classes  plant diversity  power model  South Africa  species&amp;#8211; Area relationship  Succulent Karoo  targets  vegetation types.
Ano: 2004

The Economic Impacts of Pollinator Declines: An Approach to Assessing the Consequences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kevan, Peter G; University of Guelph; pkevan@uoguelph.ca; Phillips, Truman P; University of Guelph; truman@uoguelph.ca.
Since agricultural activities were first recorded, there have been shortages of pollinators. Today it seems that pollination systems in many areas of agriculture are threatened by the inadequacy or lack of sustainable managed, indigenous, or imported pollinators. Pollinator shortages can adversely affect crop production and commodity markets. This paper presents an economic model than can be used to measure some of the economic impacts of pollinator deficits on traded commodities. This economic analysis indicates that consumers of a commodity affected by a pollinator deficit may suffer because the commodity costs more and becomes less available. At the same time, although the producers of the affected commodity may experience crop declines, they may also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sustainability; Economics; Food prices; Pollinator abundance; Pollinator availability; Pollinator deficit; Pollinator diversity; Pollinator force; World food supply; Trade.
Ano: 2001

The Influence of Philosophical Perspectives in Integrative Research: a Conservation Case Study in the Cairngorms National Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evely, Anna C.; Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University; anna_evely@abdn.ac.uk; Fazey, Ioan; University of Wales, Aberystwyth; irf@aber.ac.uk; Pinard, Michelle; Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University; m.a.pinard@abdn.ac.uk; Lambin, Xavier; Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University; x.lambin@abdn.ac.uk.
The benefits of increasing the contribution of the social sciences in the fields of environmental and conservation science disciplines are increasingly recognized. However, integration between the social and natural sciences has been limited, in part because of the barrier caused by major philosophical differences in the perspectives between these research areas. This paper aims to contribute to more effective interdisciplinary integration by explaining some of the philosophical views underpinning social research and how these views influence research methods and outcomes. We use a project investigating the motivation of volunteers working in an adaptive co-management project to eradicate American Mink from the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Interdisciplinarity; Philosophy; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological resilience.
Ano: 2008

Lake Restoration in Terms of Ecological Resilience: a Numerical Study of Biomanipulations under Bistable Conditions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amemiya, Takashi; Yokohama National University; amemiyat@ynu.ac.jp; Enomoto, Takatoshi; Yokohama National University; eno-bitz@ezweb.ne.jp; Rossberg, A. G.; Yokohama National University; axel@rossberg.net; Takamura, Noriko; National Institute for Environmental Studies; noriko-t@nies.go.jp; Itoh, Kiminori; Yokohama National University; itohkimi@ynu.ac.jp.
An abstract version of the comprehensive aquatic simulation model (CASM) is found to exhibit bistability under intermediate loading of nutrient input, supporting the alternative-stable-states theory and field observations for shallow lakes. Our simulations of biomanipulations under the bistable conditions reveal that a reduction in the abundance of zooplanktivorous fish cannot switch the system from a turbid to a clear state. Rather, a direct reduction of phytoplankton and detritus was found to be most effective to make this switch in the present model. These results imply that multiple manipulations may be effective for practical restorations of lakes. We discuss the present results of biomanipulations in terms of ecological resilience in multivariable...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative stable state; Biomanipulation; Bistable; Comprehensive aquatic simulation model (CASM); Resilience.
Ano: 2005

An integrated framework for sustainable development goals
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Griggs, David; Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University; dave.griggs@monash.edu; Stafford Smith, Mark; CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship; mark.staffordsmith@csiro.au; Gaffney, Owen; International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme; owen.gaffney@igbp.kva.se; Glaser, Gisbert; International Council for Science; gisbert.glaser@icsu.org; Kanie, Norichika; Tokyo Institute of Technology; United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies; kanie@valdes.titech.ac.jp; Noble, Ian; Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index; Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University; iannoble@me.com; Steffen, Will; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; will.steffen@anu.edu.au; Shyamsundar, Priya; South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics; priyas@sandeeonline.org.
The United Nations (UN) Rio+20 summit committed nations to develop a set of universal sustainable development goals (SDGs) to build on the millennium development goals (MDGs) set to expire in 2015. Research now indicates that humanity&amp;#8217;s impact on Earth&amp;#8217;s life support system is so great that further global environmental change risks undermining long-term prosperity and poverty eradication goals. Socioeconomic development and global sustainability are often posed as being in conflict because of trade-offs between a growing world population, as well as higher standards of living, and managing the effects of production and consumption on the global environment. We have established a framework for an evidence-based architecture for new goals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Development; Environment; Sustainability; Sustainable development; Sustainable development goals.
Ano: 2014

Ecosystem service trade-offs and land use among smallholder farmers in eastern Paraguay
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grossman, Jake J.; University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; gross679@umn.edu.
The trade-off between economically critical provisioning services and environmentally sustaining supporting services often seems absolute. Yet, when land use is inefficient, managers may be able to increase provision of both economically and ecologically sustaining services. To explore such sustainable "win-win" outcomes, I present a model of predicted trade-offs of provisioning and supporting services on smallholder farms in eastern Paraguay. The spatially implicit model simulates smallholder parcels as mosaics of subsistence agriculture, cattle pasture, eucalyptus plantations, and/or natural forest cover, and predicts provisioning and supporting service supply depending on the relative abundance of each land-use type per parcel. I represent provisioning...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Biodiversity; Cash crops; Efficiency frontier; Eucalyptus; Plantation forestry.
Ano: 2015

Addressing complexity and uncertainty: conceptual models and expert judgments applied to migratory birds in the oil sands of Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nelitz, Marc A; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; mnelitz@essa.com; Beardmore, Ben; Beardmore Consulting LLC; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Alan.Beardmore@wisconsin.gov; Machtans, Craig S; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada; Craig.Machtans@ec.gc.ca; Hall, Alexander W; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; ahall@essa.com; Wedeles, Chris; ArborVitae Environmental Services Ltd.; chris@avesltd.ca.
Complexity and uncertainty are inherent in social-ecological systems. Although they can create challenges for scientists and decision makers, they cannot be a reason for delaying decision making. Two strategies have matured in recent decades to address these challenges. Systems thinking, as embodied by conceptual modeling, is a holistic approach in which a system can be better understood by examining it as a whole. Expert elicitation represents a second strategy that enables a greater diversity of inputs to understand complex systems. We explored the use of conceptual models and expert judgments to inform expansion of monitoring around oil sands development in northern Alberta, Canada, particularly related to migratory forest birds. This study area is a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Conceptual modeling; Expert judgment; Migratory birds; Oil sands; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2015

The thrill of the chase: uncovering illegal sport hunting in Brazil through YouTube&amp;#8482; posts
Provedor de dados: 7
The impacts of unregulated sport hunting can severely affect populations of target game species. Because hunting in Brazil is limited by law, obtaining data on illegal sport hunting in this country is challenging. We used an unusual online resource, YouTube&amp;#8482;, to detect the occurrence of sport hunting in Brazil, measure the impacts of the activity on the main Brazilian game species and biomes, evaluate the opinions of hunters and internet users on sport hunting, and discuss the need for policy interventions in wildlife conservation in this country. We found 383 videos related to Brazilian sport hunting on YouTube&amp;#8482;, accounting for more than 15 million views. Most videos were produced in the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) and approximately...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Conservation; Mammals; Public opinion.
Ano: 2015

Adapting the social-ecological system framework for urban stormwater management: the case of green infrastructure adoption
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Flynn, Carli D.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University; cflynn@syr.edu; Davidson, Cliff I.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University; Syracuse Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems; davidson@syr.edu.
Stormwater management has long been a critical societal and environmental challenge for communities. An increasing number of municipalities are turning to novel approaches such as green infrastructure to develop more sustainable stormwater management systems. However, there is a need to better understand the technological decision-making processes that lead to specific outcomes within urban stormwater governance systems. We used the social-ecological system (SES) framework to build a classification system for identifying significant variables that influence urban stormwater governance decisions related to green infrastructure adoption. To adapt the framework, we relied on findings from observations at national stormwater meetings in combination with a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Green infrastructure; Social-ecological systems framework; Stormwater management; Technology adoption.
Ano: 2016

Adapative Management and Trial-and-Error Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stansfield, Brett; Hawke's Bay Regional Council; brett@hbrc.govt.nz.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Agents, Individuals, and Networks: Modeling Methods to Inform Natural Resource Management in Regional Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Complex systems; Individual-based modeling; Integrated natural resource management; Landscape modeling; Regional landscapes; Social-ecological networks.
Ano: 2012

Resilience in Lower Columbia River Salmon Communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martin, Irene E.; ; imartin@iinet.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Columbia River; Columbia River commercial fisheries; Columbia River fishing community; Commercial fishing community social statistics; Columbia River gillnet fishery.
Ano: 2008

Perpetual private land conservation: the case for outdoor recreation and functional leisure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Farmer, James R.; Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Studies, Indiana University; School of Public Health, Indiana University; Ostrom Workshop, Indiana University ; jafarmer@indiana.edu; Brenner, Jacob C.; Ithaca College; jbrenner@ithaca.edu; Drescher, Michael; School of Planning, University of Waterloo; Ostrom Workshop, Indiana University; mdresche@uwaterloo.ca; Dickinson, Stephanie L; Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, Indiana University; School of Public Health, Indiana University; sd3@indiana.edu; Knackmuhs, Eric G.; Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Studies, Indiana University; School of Public Health, Indiana University; Ostrom Workshop, Indiana University; eknackmu@indiana.edu.
As natural areas, agricultural lands, and open spaces continue to be developed at unprecedented rates, it is important for land conservation professionals to understand the individuals who might play a role in permanently protecting these lands and their ecological services. Many factors have been shown to influence land protection decisions among private owners, including land-use activities, demographic characteristics, and environmental intention and behavior.   With the hypothesis that individuals already involved in land conservation programs would be candidates for permanent protection, we set out to model conservation easement decisions within a group of participants in southern Indiana&amp;#8217;s Classified Forest and Wildlands Program (ICFWP)....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation easements; Functional leisure; Indiana Classified Forest and Wildlands; Land trusts; Land use; Private land conservation.
Ano: 2016

Voluntary disclosure of contributions: an experimental study on nonmandatory approaches for improving public good provision
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kreitmair, Ursula W.; Indiana University; ukreitma@indiana.edu.
There has been an increasing interest in nonpecuniary measures to encourage prosocial behavior. Among these is the use of social comparison, or social information. Although successful in promoting, for instance, greater resource conservation, studies of this measure have so far relied on the assumption of the availability of social information. In situations in which information is costly to collect and disseminate, alternative mechanisms must be considered. This study explores the use of voluntary disclosure to provide social information in a linear public goods game in a lab experiment. It finds that individuals tend to disclose their contribution information when given the option, suggesting that voluntarily disclosed social information remains a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavioral information; Cooperation; Experiment; Public goods; Social comparison; Social information; Social norms; Voluntary disclosure.
Ano: 2015

Water Governance in Mexico: Political and Economic Aperatures and a Shifting State-Citizen Relationship
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilder, Margaret; University of Arizona; mwilder@email.arizona.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ejidos; Governance; Irrigation districts; Mexico; River basin councils; Sonora; Water policy.
Ano: 2010

An appraisal of adaptive management planning and implementation in ecological restoration: case studies from the San Francisco Bay Delta, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagarkar, Mita; University of Copenhagen; mita.nagarkar@gmail.com; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; University of Copenhagen; krr@ign.ku.dk.
Adaptive management has been defined and redefined in the context of natural resource management, yet there are few examples of its successful application in ecological restoration. Although the 2009 Delta Reform Act now legally requires adaptive management for all restoration efforts in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, in California, USA, projects in this region still encounter problems with implementation. We used a comparative case study analysis to examine adaptive management planning and implementation both in and around the Delta, assessing not only why adaptive management is not yet well implemented, but also what changes can be made to facilitate the adaptive management approach without sacrificing scientific rigor. Adaptive management seems to be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecological restoration; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Social ecological systems; Tidal marsh.
Ano: 2016

Cultural or Ecological Sustainability? The Effect of Cultural Change on Sabal Palm Management Among the Lowland Maya of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martorell, Carlos; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; martorel@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx; Caballero, Javier; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; jcaballero@ibiologia.unam.mx.
Sabal palm has been used for thatching the traditional Maya house for over 3000 yr. The great importance of this resource has promoted its management within home gardens. Although traditionally managed populations in home gardens are capable of ecological long-term persistence, the impact of cultural change on sustainable resource management is poorly understood. By means of interviews in 108 households, we obtained information about Sabal management practices, leaf demand, and sociocultural data. Density and size structure of the palm populations in the respective home gardens were also measured. By means of principal components analysis, the sociocultural data were summarized into a cultural change index, which was then statistically related to palm...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural change; Ethnoecology; Maya; Mexico; Sabal; Traditional management.
Ano: 2006

Restoring Riparian Ecosystems: The Challenge of Accommodating Variability and Designing Restoration Trajectories
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hughes, Francine M. R; Anglia Polytechnic University; f.hughes@apu.ac.uk; Colston, Adrian; Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve; adrian.colston@nationaltrust.org.uk; Mountford, J. Owen; NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; om@ceh.ac.uk.
Flood disturbance processes play a key role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems and in the maintenance of biodiversity along river corridors. As a result, riparian ecosystems can be described as mobile habitat mosaics characterized by variability and unpredictability. Any river restoration initiative should aim to mimic these attributes. This paper suggests that there needs to be an increased institutional capacity to accept some levels of both variability and unpredictability in the ecological outcomes of river restoration projects. Restoration projects have frequently used some form of historical or contemporary reference system to define objectives and to help in the evaluation process. Using these reference systems can give a false sense of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: River restoration; Predictability; Variability; Restoration trajectories; Reference systems; Wicken Fen; Floodplain forests; Restoration objectives; Restoration evaluation.
Ano: 2005

Debt-for-Nature Swaps in Action: Two Case Studies in Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gockel, Catherine Kilbane; Santa Clara University and University of Washington; catherine.kilbane@fulbrightmail.org; Gray, Leslie C; Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University; lcgray@scu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Civil society; Debt-for-nature swaps; Local capacity; Nature conservation; Nature conservation funding; Peru; Program evaluation; Resource management; Tropical Forest Conservation Act.
Ano: 2011

Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frid, Alejandro; Simon Fraser University; afrid@yknet.yk.ca; Dill, Lawrence M; Simon Fraser University; ldill@sfu.ca.
A growing number of studies quantify the impact of nonlethal human disturbance on the behavior and reproductive success of animals. Athough many are well designed and analytically sophisticated, most lack a theoretical framework for making predictions and for understanding why particular responses occur. Behavioral ecologists have recently begun to fill this theoretical vacuum by applying economic models of antipredator behavior to disturbance studies. In this emerging paradigm, predation and nonlethal disturbance stimuli create similar trade-offs between avoiding perceived risk and other fitness-enhancing activities, such as feeding, parental care, or mating. A vast literature supports the hypothesis that antipredator behavior has a cost to other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Social networks and fishers&amp;#8217; behavior: exploring the links between information flow and fishing success in the Northumberland lobster fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turner, Rachel A.; Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies, University of the West Indies; turnerrachela@gmail.com; Polunin, Nicholas V. C.; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, UK; n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk; Stead, Selina M.; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, UK; selina.stead@ncl.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Fishers&amp;#8217; Behavior; Fishing success; Information sharing; Lobster fisheries; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014

Social Resilience and Commercial Fishers&amp;#8217; Responses to Management Changes in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sutton, Stephen G; James Cook University; stephen.sutton@jcu.edu.au; Tobin, Renae C; James Cook University; renae.tobin@jcu.edu.au.
Understanding how social resilience influences resource users&amp;#8217; responses to policy change is  important for ensuring the sustainability of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems and resource-dependent communities. We use the conceptualization and operationalization of social resilience proposed by Marshall and Marshall (2007) to investigate how resilience level influenced commercial fishers&amp;#8217; perceptions about and adaptation to the 2004 rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 114 commercial and charter fishers to measure their social resilience level and their responses and adaptation strategies to the 2004 zoning plan. Fishers with higher resilience were more likely to believe that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Commercial fishing; Great Barrier Reef; Marine protected area zoning; Social resilience.
Ano: 2012

Dealing with flood damages: will prevention, mitigation, and ex post compensation provide for a resilient triangle?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suykens, Cathy; Institute for Environmental and Energy Law, KU Leuven; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University; c.b.r.suykens@uu.nl; Priest, Sally J; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University; s.priest@mdx.ac.uk; van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University; w.j.hoekveld@uu.nl; Thuillier, Thomas; Laboratory for Studies and Researches on Public Action, Universit&amp;#233; Fran&amp;#231;ois-Rabelais (Tours); tthuillier@univ-tours.fr; van Rijswick, Marleen; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University; H.vanRijswick@uu.nl.
There is a wealth of literature on the design of ex post compensation mechanisms for natural disasters. However, more research needs to be done on the manner in which these mechanisms could steer citizens toward adopting individual-level preventive and protection measures in the face of flood risks. We have provided a comparative legal analysis of the financial compensation mechanisms following floods, be it through insurance, public funds, or a combination of both, with an empirical focus on Belgium, the Netherlands, England, and France. Similarities and differences between the methods in which these compensation mechanisms for flood damages enhance resilience were analyzed. The comparative analysis especially focused on the link between the recovery...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive building; Compensation; Flood mitigation; Flood risk governance; Flood risk prevention; Insurance; Recovery; Resilience.
Ano: 2016

Multiactor Modeling of Settling Decisions and Behavior in the San Mariano Watershed, the Philippines: a First Application with the MameLuke Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huigen, Marco G. A.; Leiden University; mhuigen@uni-hohenheim.de; Overmars, Koen P.; Leiden University; overmars@cml.leidenuniv.nl; de Groot, Wouter T.; Leiden University; degroot@cml.leidenuniv.nl.
Land-use system dynamics and demographic dynamics are tightly coupled. In environmental science and studies of changes in land use and land cover, an unequivocal relationship is sometimes found between both systems, especially in coarse-scale studies. To obtain a better understanding of these intermingling dynamics, we formulated an agent-based model, the MameLuke settlement model, that used a deductive approach to investigate these relationships. The model was constructed based on ethnographic histories of farm households in San Mariano, the Philippines. The model was calibrated visually. Although this calibration approach proved to be very inefficient, the model itself still outperformed a random model. The model formulation process and the model...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor decision-making; Agent-based models; Ethnic distribution; Ethnographic history; Land-use dynamics; Mameluke framework; Philippines; Population dynamics.
Ano: 2006

Social-ecological drivers of multiple ecosystem services: what variables explain patterns of ecosystem services across the Norrstr&amp;#246;m drainage basin?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meacham, Megan; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; megan.meacham@su.se; Queiroz, Cibele; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences; Cibele.Queiroz@su.se; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; garry.peterson@su.se.
In human dominated landscapes many diverse, and often antagonistic, human activities are intentionally and inadvertently determining the supply of various ecosystem services. Understanding how different social and ecological factors shape the availability of ecosystem services is essential for fair and effective policy and management. In this paper, we evaluate how well alternative social-ecological models of human impact on ecosystems explain patterns of 16 ecosystem services (ES) across the 62 municipalities of the Norrstr&amp;#246;m drainage basin in Sweden. We test four models of human impact on ecosystems, land use, ecological modernization, ecological footprint, and location theory, and test their ability to predict both individual ES and bundles of...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Ecological footprint; Ecological modernization; Ecosystem service bundles; Land use change; Location theory; Stockholm; Sweden.
Ano: 2016

A Diagrammatic Approach to Understanding Complex Eco-Social Interactions in Kathmandu, Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Neudoerffer, R. Cynthia; University of Guelph; rneudoer@uoguelph.ca; Waltner-Toews, David; University of Guelph; dwaltner@uoguelph.ca; Kay, James J.; Deceased 05/30/ 2004. Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo;; Joshi, D. D.; NZFHRC;; Tamang, Mukta S.; SAGUN;.
As part of developing an international network of community-based ecosystem approaches to health, a project was undertaken in a densely populated and socio-economically diverse area of Kathmandu, Nepal.  Drawing on hundreds of pages of narrative reports based on surveys, interviews, secondary data, and focus groups by trained Nepalese facilitators, the authors created systemic depictions of relationships between multiple stakeholder groups, ecosystem health, and human health. These were then combined to examine interactions among stakeholders, activities, concerns, perceived needs, and resource states (ecosystem health indicators). These qualitative models have provided useful heuristics for both community members and research scholars to understand the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems theory; Ecosystem approaches; Human health; Kathmandu; Nepal; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2005

Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suich, Helen; Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University; helen.suich@anu.edu.au.
Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs aim to link the achievement of conservation objectives with those of rural development and poverty alleviation. However, after more than a decade of implementation in southern Africa, there is remarkably little rigorous analysis of their achievements with respect to these goals. An evaluation of two CBNRM interventions, the Tchuma Tchato Project in Mozambique and the Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia,  measured the impacts at the household level using multidimensional poverty indices. The analysis found no positive impacts on the multiple dimensions of poverty arising from the Tchuma Tchato initiative in Mozambique. In Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, positive impacts were felt only on household...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Community based natural resource management; Impact evaluation; Mozambique; Namibia; Poverty.
Ano: 2013

Aligning Key Concepts for Global Change Policy: Robustness, Resilience, and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Ecosystem Science; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
Globalization, the process by which local social-ecological systems (SESs) are becoming linked in a global network, presents policy scientists and practitioners with unique and difficult challenges. Although local SESs can be extremely complex, when they become more tightly linked in the global system, complexity increases very rapidly as multi-scale and multi-level processes become more important. Here, we argue that addressing these multi-scale and multi-level challenges requires a collection of theories and models. We suggest that the conceptual domains of sustainability, resilience, and robustness provide a sufficiently rich collection of theories and models, but overlapping definitions and confusion about how these conceptual domains articulate with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragility; Global change; Governance; Institutions; Resilience; Robustness; Sustainability.
Ano: 2013

Finding a PATH toward Scientific Collaboration: Insights from the Columbia River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marmorek, David; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; dmarmorek@essa.com; Peters, Calvin; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; cpeters@essa.com.
Observed declines in the Snake River basin salmon stocks, listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), have been attributed to multiple causes: the hydrosystem, hatcheries, habitat, harvest, and ocean climate. Conflicting and competing analyses by different agencies led the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in 1995 to create the Plan for Analyzing and Testing Hypotheses (PATH), a collaborative interagency analytical process. PATH included about 30 fisheries scientists from a dozen agencies, as well as independent participating scientists and a technical facilitation team. PATH had some successes and some failures in meeting its objectives. Some key lessons learned from these successes and failures were to: (1) build trust through independent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Analytical framework; Collaborative process; Columbia River; Decision analysis; Endangered species; Hydrosystem; Multi-agency research; Salmon management; Snake River.
Ano: 2001

Comments on "Cross-cultural Conflicts in Fire Management in Northern Australia: Not so Black and White" by Alan Andersen
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University; thomase@system.ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural conflicts; Ecosystem management; Fire; Natural resources.
Ano: 2000

Urban Ecology in Cape Town: South African Comparisons and Reflections
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cilliers, Sarel S; North-West University (Potch); Sarel.Cilliers@nwu.ac.za; Siebert, Stefan J; North-West University (Potch); Stefan.Siebert@nwu.ac.za.
Little urban ecological research has been done in South Africa. The papers  in the Ecology and Society special feature  Urban Ecological and Social-Ecological Research in the City of Cape Town make, therefore, an important contribution to the development of urban ecology locally and globally. Different approaches have been used in the study of urban ecology of different urban areas in South Africa. Cape Town is situated in a biodiversity hotspot and is the only South African city which includes a national park. As a result the urban ecological studies were mainly driven by urban nature conservation concerns. In other cities such as Durban, open space planning and environmental management were the major issues which focused ecological studies on urban areas...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Urban ecology; South Africa; Urban nature conservation; Urban environmental management.
Ano: 2012

Review of the flood risk management system in Germany after the major flood in 2013
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thieken, Annegret H.; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; thieken@uni-potsdam.de; Kienzler, Sarah; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; kienzler@uni-potsdam.de; Kreibich, Heidi; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.4 Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany; heidi.kreibich@gfz-potsdam.de; Kuhlicke, Christian; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Urban and Environmental Sociology, Leipzig, Germany; christian.kuhlicke@ufz.de; Kunz, Michael; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; CEDIM - Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; michael.kunz@kit.edu; Otto, Antje; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; anotto@uni-potsdam.de; Petrow, Theresia; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.4 Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany; German Committee for Disaster Reduction (DKKV), Bonn, Germany; thpetrow@uni-potsdam.de; Pisi, Sebastian; German Committee for Disaster Reduction (DKKV), Bonn, Germany; sebastian.pisi@gmx.de.
Widespread flooding in June 2013 caused damage costs of &amp;#8364;6 to 8 billion in Germany, and awoke many memories of the floods in August 2002, which resulted in total damage of &amp;#8364;11.6 billion and hence was the most expensive natural hazard event in Germany up to now. The event of 2002 does, however, also mark a reorientation toward an integrated flood risk management system in Germany. Therefore, the flood of 2013 offered the opportunity to review how the measures that politics, administration, and civil society have implemented since 2002 helped to cope with the flood and what still needs to be done to achieve effective and more integrated flood risk management. The review highlights considerable improvements on many levels, in particular...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: August 2002 flood; Central Europe; Floods Directive; Governance; June 2013 flood; Risk management cycle.
Ano: 2016

The Role of Ecological Science in Environmental Policy Making:  from a Pacification toward a Facilitation Strategy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hanssen, Lucien; Deining Societal Communication; deining@wxs.nl; van Katwijk, Marieke M.; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University; m.vankatwijk@science.ru.nl.
Based on a Dutch case study on shellfish fishery policy making and a literature review, we expand existing guidelines for coastal zone management. We deduce constraints for handling societally contested and scientifically complex environmental issues. Our additions focus on problem structuring and handling of scientific uncertainties. Both are means to increase consensus about beliefs, ambitions, and directions for solutions.  Before policy making can take place, complex environmental issues need to become more structured by reducing either scientific uncertainty or societal dissent: the &amp;#8220;pacification strategy&amp;#8221; and the &amp;#8220;facilitation strategy,&amp;#8221; respectively. We show that the use of a pacification strategy, in which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coastal zone management; Guidelines; Problem structuring; Scientific assessment  scientific uncertainty; Societal dissent; Stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2009

Fertility Island Formation and Evolution in Dryland Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ridolfi, Luca; Politecnico di Torino; luca.ridolfi@polito.it; Laio, Francesco; Politecnico di Torino; francesco.laio@polito.it.
Vast dryland regions around the world are affected by the encroachment of woody vegetation, with important environmental and economical implications. Grassland-to-shrubland conversions are often triggered by disturbance of grassland vegetation, and the consequent formation of barren areas prone to erosion-induced nutrient losses. Inhibition of encroachment by erosion-induced depletion of soil nutrients contributes to the emergence of highly heterogeneous landscapes with shrub-dominated fertility islands surrounded by nutrient-poor bare soil. Here, we develop a process-based simplistic model thataccounts for the two competing processes of resource depletion and shrub encroachment by a non-linear diffusion mechanism. The proposed model is able to generate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Desertification; Islands of fertility; Non-linear diffusion; Stability; Vegetation patterns.
Ano: 2008

Morris, W. F., and D. F. Doak. 2003. Quantitative Conservation Biology: Theory and Practice of Population Viability Analysis. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sabo, John; Arizona State University; john.l.sabo@asu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Who Should Benefit from REDD+? Rationales and Realities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luttrell, Cecilia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); c.luttrell@cgiar.org; Fernanda Gebara, Maria ; Getulio Vargas Foundation; mfgebara@gmail.com; Kweka, Demetrius; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); demetrius.kweka@gmail.com; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Angelsen, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; arild.angelsen@umb.no; Sunderlin, William D.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); w.sunderlin@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benefit sharing; Carbon rights; Equity; REDD+; REDD+ costs.
Ano: 2013

The Penobscot River, Maine, USA: a Basin-Scale Approach to Balancing Power Generation and Ecosystem Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Opperman, Jeffrey J; The Nature Conservancy; jopperman@tnc.org; Royte, Joshua; The Nature Conservancy; capse@tnc.org; Banks, John; Penobscot Indian Nation; John.Banks@penobscotnation.org; Rose Day, Laura; Penobscot River Restoration Trust; laura@penobscotriver.org; Apse, Colin; The Nature Conservancy; jroyte@tnc.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Atlantic salmon; Dam removal; Hydropower; River restoration.
Ano: 2011

From theoretical to actual ecosystem services: mapping beneficiaries and spatial flows in ecosystem service assessments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Geosciences &amp; Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; kjbagstad@usgs.gov; Villa, Ferdinando; Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; ferdinando.villa@bc3research.org; Batker, David; Earth Economics; dbatker@eartheconomics.org; Harrison-Cox, Jennifer; Earth Economics; jcox@eartheconomics.org; Voigt, Brian; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont; bvoigt@uvm.edu; Johnson, Gary W.; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont; gwjohnso@uvm.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Beneficiaries; Benefits; Demand side; Mapping; Provisioning areas; Spatial dynamics; Spatial flow.
Ano: 2014

Multilevel processes and cultural adaptation: examples from past and present small-scale societies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Balbo, Andrea L; Climate Change and Security (CLISEC), KlimaCampus, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg; Complexity and Socioecological Dynamics (CaSEs), IMF-CSIC; balbo@cantab.net; Mesoudi, Alex; Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter; A.Mesoudi@exeter.ac.uk; Richerson, Peter J; University of California, Davis; University College London; pjricherson@ucdavis.edu; Rubio-Campillo, Xavier; Computer Applications in Science &amp; Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC); xavier.rubio@bsc.es; Shennan, Stephen; Institute of Archaeology, University College London; s.shennan@ucl.ac.uk.
The last two decades have seen a proliferation of research frameworks that emphasise the importance of understanding adaptive processes that happen at different levels. We contribute to this growing body of literature by exploring how cultural (mal)adaptive dynamics relate to multilevel social-ecological processes occurring at different scales, where the lower levels combine into new units with new organizations, functions, and emergent properties or collective behaviors. After a brief review of the concept of &amp;#8220;cultural adaptation&amp;#8221; from the perspective of cultural evolutionary theory, the core of the paper is constructed around the exploration of multilevel processes occurring at the temporal, spatial, social, and political scales. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cultural adaptation; Cultural evolution; Multilevel selection; Resilience.
Ano: 2016

Evaluation of Bayesian Networks in Participatory  Water Resources Management, Upper Guadiana Basin, Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zorrilla, Pedro; Department of Geodynamics, Faculty of Geological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; pedro.zorrilla@geo.ucm.es; Carmona, Gema; Technical University of Madrid, Department of Agricultural Economics, Spain;; Varela-Ortega, Consuelo; Technical University of Madrid, Department of Agricultural Economics, Spain;; Bromley, John; Oxford University School of Geography and the Environment, Centre for Water Research, United Kingdom;; Henriksen, Hans Jorgen; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark;.
Stakeholder participation is becoming increasingly important in water resources management. In participatory processes, stakeholders contribute by putting forward their own perspective, and they benefit by enhancing their understanding of the factors involved in decision making. A diversity of modeling tools can be used to facilitate participatory processes. Bayesian networks are well suited to this task for a variety of reasons, including their ability to structure discussions and visual appeal. This research focuses on developing and testing a set of evaluation criteria for public participation. The advantages and limitations of these criteria are discussed in the light of a specific participatory modeling initiative. Modeling work was conducted in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian networks; Decision support system; Evaluation; Groundwater management; Guadiana Basin; Participatory modeling; Spain; Water management; Water use conflicts.
Ano: 2010

Total Environment of Change: Impacts of Climate Change and Social Transitions on Subsistence Fisheries in Northwest Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moerlein, Katie J; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks; kmoerle1@alaska.edu; Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks; clcarothers@alaska.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Climate change; Environmental anthropology; Fisheries; Human dimensions; Local knowledge; Social-ecological systems; Subsistence; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2012

Toward a Relational Concept of Uncertainty: about Knowing Too Little, Knowing Too Differently, and Accepting Not to Know
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; art.dewulf@psy.kuleuven.be; Taillieu, Tharsi; Center for Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; tharsi.taillieu@psy.kuleuven.be.
Uncertainty of late has become an increasingly important and controversial topic in water resource management, and natural resources management in general. Diverse managing goals, changing environmental conditions, conflicting interests, and lack of predictability are some of the characteristics that decision makers have to face. This has resulted in the application and development of strategies such as adaptive management, which proposes flexibility and capability to adapt to unknown conditions as a way of dealing with uncertainties. However, this shift in ideas about managing has not always been accompanied by a general shift in the way uncertainties are understood and handled. To improve this situation, we believe it is necessary to recontextualize...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ambiguity; Frames; Framing; Knowledge relationship; Multiple knowledge frames; Natural resource management; Negotiation; Participation; Social learning; Uncertainty; Water management.
Ano: 2008

Social capital, conflict, and adaptive collaborative governance: exploring the dialectic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDougall, Cynthia; Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation Group (KTI), Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University; c.mcdougall@cgiar.org; Banjade, Mani Ram; Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; m.banjade@cgiar.org.
Previously lineal and centralized natural resource management and development paradigms have shifted toward the recognition of complexity and dynamism of social-ecological systems, and toward more adaptive, decentralized, and collaborative models. However, certain messy and surprising dynamics remain under-recognized, including the inherent interplay between conflict, social capital, and governance.  In this study we consider the dynamic intersections of these three often (seemingly) disparate phenomena. In particular, we consider the changes in social capital and conflict that accompanied a transition by local groups toward adaptive collaborative governance. The findings are drawn from multiyear research into community forestry in Nepal using comparative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive collaborative governance; Community forestry; Conflict; Equity; Livelihoods; Nepal; Participatory action research; Social capital.
Ano: 2015

Puntacana Ecological Foundation and the Scaling of Sustainable Tourism Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Uzzo, Stephen M.; New York Hall of Science; New York Institute of Technology; suzzo@nyscience.org.
The terms &amp;#8220;sustainable tourism,&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;ecotourism,&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;sustainable development,&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;sustainability&amp;#8221; have all been applied to various aspects of the global tourism industry to indicate that operators in those industries have accounted for the environmental, social, and economic impacts of their endeavors on the geographical regions within which they function. However, there has been increasing criticism that models for sustainable tourism do not account well for the long-term impacts of resort operations and how they scale in terms of local and regional economies, environmental footprint, and effect on local culture. The case of the Puntacana Ecological Foundation is cited here as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Conservation; Environmental studies; Sustainable development; Sustainable tourism.
Ano: 2013

Should sustainability and resilience be combined or remain distinct pursuits?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Redman, Charles L; Arizona State University, USA; Charles.Redman@asu.edu.
It has become common for sustainability science and resilience theory to be considered as complementary approaches. Occasionally the terms have been used interchangeably.  Although these two approaches share some working principles and objectives, they also are based on some distinct assumptions about the operation of systems and how we can best guide these systems into the future.  Each approach would benefit from some scholars keeping sustainability science and resilience theory separate and focusing on further developing their distinctiveness and other scholars continuing to explore them in combination. Three areas of research in which following different procedures might be beneficial are whether to prioritize outcomes or system dynamics, how best to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Resilience theory; Sustainability science; Transformation.
Ano: 2014

Interactions Among Spatial Scales Constrain Species Distributions in Fragmented Urban Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turner, Will R; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona; w.turner@conservation.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Birds; Conservation; Constraint; Scale; Species distributions; Urban.
Ano: 2006

Comparative Resilience in Five North Pacific Regional Salmon Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Augerot, Xanthippe; Pangaea Environmental, LLC; xaugerot@q.com; Smith, Courtland L; Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University; csmith@oregonstate.edu.
Over the past century, regional fisheries for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have been managed primarily for their provisioning function, not for ecological support and cultural significance. We examine the resilience of the regional salmon fisheries of Japan, the Russian Far East, Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington-Oregon-California (WOC) in terms of their provisioning function. Using the three dimensions of the adaptive cycle&amp;#8212;capital, connectedness, and resilience&amp;#8212;we infer the resilience of the five fisheries based on a qualitative assessment of capital accumulation and connectedness at the regional scale. In our assessment, we evaluate natural capital and connectedness and constructed capital and connectedness. The Russian...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Capital; Connectedness; Fisheries; History; North Pacific; Resilience; Salmon management.
Ano: 2010

Developmental Disorders as Pathological Resilience Domains
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wallace, Rodrick; ; wallace@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu.
Ecosystem resilience theory permits novel exploration of developmental psychiatric and chronic physical disorders. Structured psychosocial stress, and similar noxious exposures, can write distorted images of themselves onto child growth, and, if sufficiently powerful, adult development as well, initiating a punctuated life course trajectory to characteristic forms of comorbid mind/body dysfunction. For an individual, within the linked network of broadly cognitive psysiological and mental subsystems, this occurs in a manner almost exactly similar to resilience domain shifts affecting a stressed ecosystem, suggesting that reversal or palliation may often be exceedingly difficult. Thus resilience theory may contribute significant new perspectives to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chronic disease; Cognition; Comorbidity; Developmental disorder; Ecosystem; Resilience.
Ano: 2008

Applying Retrospective Demographic Models to Assess Sustainable Use: the Maya Management of Xa&amp;#8217;an Palms
Provedor de dados: 7
Xa&amp;#8217;an palm (Sabal yapa) has been used to thatch traditional Maya houses for over 3000 years. In the Yucatan Peninsula, this palm has been introduced to pasturelands, maize fields (milpas), and homegardens. These and other traditional management systems are usually believed to be sustainable, but there is as yet little evidence to support this hypothesis. Demographic models have been used for this purpose, mainly focusing on population growth rate (&amp;#955;). So far, retrospective analysis has not been applied, even though it examines how changes in the  the life cycle of a species, caused by different management regimes, affect its &amp;#955;. In this study, we assess whether ecologically sustainable use of xa&amp;#8217;an occurs in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethnoecology; LTRE; Mexico; NTFP; Sabal yapa; Traditional management; Xa&amp;#8217an palm; Yucatan.
Ano: 2005

What drives the urban water regime? An analysis of water governance arrangements in Hyderabad, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nastar, Maryam; Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies; maryam.nastar@lucsus.lu.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hyderabad; India; Multi-level perspective; Transition studies; Water governance.
Ano: 2014

The Most Resilient Show on Earth: The Circus as a Model for Viewing Identity, Change, and Chaos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loring, Philip A; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; ftpal@uaf.edu.
Resilience, adaptability, and transformability are all tightly linked to the notion of change, whether in respect to coping with, adapting to, or harnessing it. But in order to understand these forces of change, we first need to recognize its counterpart: identity. Identity of a social-ecological system is not merely a static set of quantifiable feedbacks or indicators, but a more qualitative characterization of what results from the overlap of the social and the ecological. To fully articulate these ideas, I turn to a unique and enduring phenomenon: the traveling circus. Through the many forms they have taken over the last 150 yr, circuses have changed significantly while sustaining a singular identity. As a successful and enduring social system, their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Circus; Panarchy; Resilience; Sustainability; Tribe; Tribalism.
Ano: 2007

Competing Claims on Natural Resources: What Role for Science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Giller, Ken E.; Wageningen University; ken.giller@wur.nl; Leeuwis, Cees; Wageningen University; cees.leeuwis@wur.nl; Andersson, Jens A.; Wageningen University; University of the Witwatersrand; jens.andersson@wur.nl; Andriesse, Wim; Wageningen University;; Brouwer, Arie; Wageningen University;; Frost, Peter; University of Zimbabwe;; Hebinck, Paul; Wageningen University;; van Ittersum, Martin K.; Wageningen University;; Koning, Niek; ;; Ruben, Ruerd; ;; Slingerland, Maja; Wageningen University;; Udo, Henk; Wageningen University;; Veldkamp, Tom; Wageningen University; Tom.Veldkamp@wur.nl; van de Vijver, Claudius; Wageningen University;; van Wijk, Mark T.; Wageningen University;; Windmeijer, Pieter; Wageningen University;.
Competing claims on natural resources become increasingly acute, with the poor being most vulnerable to adverse outcomes of such competition. A major challenge for science and policy is to progress from facilitating univocal use to guiding stakeholders in dealing with potentially conflicting uses of natural resources. The development of novel, more equitable, management options that reduce rural poverty is key to achieving sustainable use of natural resources and the resolution of conflicts over them. Here, we describe an interdisciplinary and interactive approach for: (i) the understanding of competing claims and stakeholder objectives; (ii) the identification of alternative resource use options, and (iii) the scientific support to negotiation processes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agricultural science; Conflict; Ecology; Level; Methodology; Natural resource management; Scale; Social science; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2008

Climate Factors Play a Limited Role for Past Adaptation Strategies in West Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mertz, Ole; Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen; om@geo.ku.dk; Reenberg, Anette; Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen ; Ar@geo.ku.dk; Barbier, Bruno; International Cooperation Center for Agronomic Research and Development (CIRAD); bbarbier@cirad.fr; Dabi, Daniel; Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos; davoo65@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate variability; Livestock; Rainfed crops; West Africa.
Ano: 2010

Climate adaptation, transitions, and socially innovative action-research approaches
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alves, Filipe M; Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), University of Lisbon; fmalves@fc.ul.pt; Truninger, Monica; Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon; monica.truninger@ics.ulisboa.pt; Penha-Lopes, Gil; Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), University of Lisbon; gppenha-lopes@fc.ul.pt.
Climate change may be a game-changer for scientific research by promoting a science that is grounded in linking the production of knowledge and societal action in a transition toward more sustainable development pathways. Here, we discuss participatory action-research (PAR) as a way of thinking and leading investigations that may promote incremental and transformative changes in the context of climate change adaptation research. Our exploration is addressed in the Portuguese context, where PAR and sustainable transition studies are still marginal, and adaptation processes are a recent topic on political agendas. We describe the characteristics of PAR and use two studies of adaptation to illustrate how research and practice co-evolve through interactive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Participatory action-research; Portugal; Transitions.
Ano: 2016

Cross-cultural Conflicts in Fire Management in Northern Australia: Not so Black and White
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andersen, Alan; Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; Alan.Andersen@terc.csiro.au.
European ("scientific") and Aboriginal ("experiential") perspectives on fire management in northern Australia are often contrasted with each other. For Europeans, management is portrayed as a science-based, strategically directed and goal-oriented exercise aimed at achieving specific ecological outcomes. In contrast, landscape burning by Aboriginal people is more of an emergent property, diffusely arising from many uses of fire that serve social, cultural, and spiritual, as well as ecological, needs. Aboriginal knowledge is acquired through tradition and personal experience, rather than through the scientific paradigm of hypothesis testing. Here I argue that, in practice, science plays only a marginal role in European fire management in northern Australia....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal burning; Adaptive management; Australia; Cross-cultural conflict; Fire ecology; Land management; Management culture; Performance indicators; Science culture; Strategic goals; Traditional fire ecology and management.
Ano: 1999

Advancing the understanding of behavior in social-ecological systems: results from lab and field experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Lindahl, Therese; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; therese.lindahl@beijer.kva.se; Murphy, James J; Nankai University; University of Alaska Anchorage; Chapman University; murphy@uaa.alaska.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Common-pool resources; Experimental economics; Public goods; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Understanding Resilience in a Vulnerable Industry: the Case of Reef Tourism in Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Duan; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University ; ancientantwren@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Disturbance; Global change; Resilience; Shock; Tourism; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Conserving agrobiodiversity amid global change, migration, and nontraditional livelihood networks: the dynamic uses of cultural landscape knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zimmerer, Karl S.; Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), Penn State Institutes for Energy and the Environment (PSIEE); ksz2@psu.edu.
I examined agrobiodiversity in smallholder cultural landscapes with the goal of offering new insights into management and policy options for the resilience-based in situ conservation and social-ecological sustainability of local, food-producing crop types, i.e., landraces. I built a general, integrative approach to focus on both land use and livelihood functions of crop landraces in the context of nontraditional, migration-related livelihoods amid global change. The research involved a multimethod, case-study design focused on a cultural landscape of maize, i.e., corn, growing in the Andes of central Bolivia, which is a global hot spot for this crop&amp;#8217;s agrobiodiversity. Central questions included the following: (1) What are major agroecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural landscapes; Knowledge systems; Maize; Phenology-based adaptive capacity; Social networks of migration.
Ano: 2014

Adapting adaptation: the English eco-town initiative as governance process
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tomozeiu, Daniel; University of Westminster; d.tomozeiu@westminster.ac.uk; Joss, Simon; University of Westminster; josss@westminster.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: English eco-towns; Multilevel governance; UK climate change adaptation.
Ano: 2014

Defining Conservation Priorities Using Fragmentation Forecasts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wear, David; U.S. Forest Service; dwear@fs.fed.us; Pye, John; U.S. Forest Service; jpye@fs.fed.us; Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriiitters@fs.fed.us.
Methods are developed for forecasting the effects of population and economic growth on the distribution of interior forest habitat. An application to the southeastern United States shows that models provide significant explanatory power with regard to the observed distribution of interior forest. Estimates for economic and biophysical variables are significant and consistent with theory. Forecasts of interior forest based on the population and economic growth projected for the region are displayed by ecological section and province and by metropolitan statistical area (MSA). Loss of interior forests is expected to be especially high in certain ecological sections, including the southern Appalachian Piedmont in North and South Carolina, the Gulf prairies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragmentation; Interior forest; Land use forecasts; North Carolina; South Carolina; Florida; Texas.
Ano: 2004

Communication and sustainability science teams as complex systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGreavy, Bridie; New England Sustainability Consortium, University of Maine; bridie.mcgreavy@maine.edu; Lindenfeld, Laura; Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center &amp; Communication &amp; Journalism, University of Maine; Laura_Lindenfeld@umit.maine.edu; Hutchins Bieluch, Karen; Dartmouth College; Karen_Hutchins@umit.maine.edu; Silka, Linda; Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine; Linda_Silka@umit.maine.edu; Leahy, Jessica ; School of Forest Resources, University of Maine; jessica.leahy@maine.edu; Zoellick, Bill; Schoodic Institute at Acadia National Park; bill@sercinstitute.org.
Communication is essential to resilience, as interactions among humans influence how social-ecological systems (SES) respond to change. Our research focuses on how specific communication interactions on sustainability science teams, such as how people meet with each other; the ways in which they categorize themselves and others; the decision-making models they use; and their communication competencies affect outcomes. We describe research from a two-year study of communication in Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative, a statewide network of sustainability science teams. Our results demonstrate that decision making and communication competencies influenced mutual understanding, inclusion of diverse ideas, and progress toward sustainability-related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication; Interdisciplinary collaboration; Public participation in scientific research; Resilience; Structuration Theory; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2015

Resilience to climate change in a cross-scale tourism governance context: a combined quantitative-qualitative network analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luthe, Tobias; University of Applied Sciences Chur, Institute for Tourism and Leisure, Switzerland; University of Freiburg, Centre for Key Qualifications, Germany; info@tobiasluthe.de.
Social systems in mountain regions are exposed to a number of disturbances, such as climate change. Calls for conceptual and practical approaches on how to address climate change have been taken up in the literature. The resilience concept as a comprehensive theory-driven approach to address climate change has only recently increased in importance. Limited research has been undertaken concerning tourism and resilience from a network governance point of view. We analyze tourism supply chain networks with regard to resilience to climate change at the municipal governance scale of three Alpine villages. We compare these with a planned destination management organization (DMO) as a governance entity of the same three municipalities on the regional scale....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Core-periphery integration; Social network analysis; Stakeholder perceptions; Tourism destination; Transformation.
Ano: 2016

Ecohealth and resilience thinking: a dialog from experiences in research and practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Resilience thinking and ecosystems approaches to health (EAH), or ecohealth, share roots in complexity science, although they have distinct foundations in ecology and population health, respectively. The current articulations of these two approaches are strongly converging, but each approach has its strengths. Resilience thinking has developed theoretical models to the study of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, whereas ecohealth has a vast repertoire of experience in dealing with complex health issues. With the two fields dovetailing, there is ripe opportunity to create a dialog centered on concepts that are more thoroughly developed in one field, which can then serve to advance the other. In this article, we first present an overview of the ecohealth...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Ecohealth; Ecosystem approaches to health; Health; Resilience thinking; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Effects of farmer social status and plant biocultural value on seed circulation networks in Vanuatu
Provedor de dados: 7
Seed circulation among farmers, which is embedded in composite social networks, is a key process in the dynamics of seed systems that shape crop diversity. We analyzed the daily circulation of biological objects, i.e., cultivated plants (31 species, 284 landraces), within a community of first-generation migrants (16 households, 30 persons) living on the island of Vanua Lava in the South Pacific archipelago nation of Vanuatu. By combining participant observation, ethnobiological inventories, and social network analysis, we investigated how farmer social status and plant biocultural value affect plant circulation. Plant biocultural value was estimated by referring to their local classification according to uses, cultivation practices, growing environments,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Emic categories; Exponential Random Graph Models; Folk classification; Food system; Informal seed system; Oceania; Seed exchange network; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2016

Interlinking ecosystem services and Ostrom&amp;#8217;s framework through orientation in sustainability research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Partelow, Stefan; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany; Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany; stefan.partelow@leibniz-zmt.de; Winkler, Klara J.; Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; klara.johanna.winkler@uni-oldenburg.de.
Structuring integrated social-ecological systems (SES) research remains a core challenge for achieving sustainability. Numerous concepts and frameworks exist, but there is a lack of mutual learning and orientation of knowledge between them. We focus on two approaches in particular: the ecosystem services concept and Elinor Ostrom&amp;#8217;s diagnostic SES framework. We analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each and discuss their potential for mutual learning. We use knowledge types in sustainability research as a boundary object to compare the contributions of each approach. Sustainability research is conceptualized as a multi-step knowledge generation process that includes system, target, and transformative knowledge. A case study of the Southern...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Boundary object; Knowledge types; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2016

Heterogeneity in Ethnoecological Knowledge and Management of Medicinal Plants in the Himalayas of Nepal: Implications for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ghimire, Suresh Kumar; Tribhuvan University; ghimire@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ethnoecology; Himalaya; Medicinal plants.
Ano: 2004

Law for Country: the Structure of Warlpiri Ecological Knowledge and Its Application to Natural Resource Management and Ecosystem Stewardship
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holmes, Miles  C. C.; Principal Consultant Beit Holmes and Associates; University of Queensland; Milesholmes@internode.on.net; Jampijinpa, Wanta (Stephen Patrick); Australian National University; wanta.jampijinpa@anu.edu.au.
Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK) is deeply encoded in social processes. Our research shows that from an Indigenous perspective, IEK is a way of living whose core aim is to sustain the healthy functioning of people and country through relationships of reciprocity. However, IEK is often portrayed more prosaically as a body of knowledge about the environment. We introduce a framework, called ngurra-kurlu, that enables appreciation of indigenous perspectives on IEK. The framework was identified from the collaborative work of the authors with Warlpiri aboriginal elders in the Tanami Desert region of central Australia. Ngurra-kurlu facilitates cross-cultural understanding by distilling, from a complex cultural system, the five distinct conceptual categories...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal Australians; Anthropology; Central Australia; Cultural natural resource management; Ecosystem stewardship; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Indigenous knowledge; Indigenous land management; Northern Territory  Australia; Social-ecological systems; Warlpiri.
Ano: 2013

Misuse of Checklist Assessments in Endangered Species Recovery Efforts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Good, Thomas P; National Marine Fisheries Service; tom.good@noaa.gov; Harms, Tamara K; Arizona State University; tamara.harms@asu.edu; Ruckelshaus, Mary H; National Marine Fisheries Service; mary.ruckelshaus@noaa.gov.
Natural resource agencies worldwide must develop species recovery plans that specify threats, propose targets required for recovery, and evaluate the extent to which habitat alteration and restoration may influence species decline and recovery. To evaluate the impacts of proposed habitat alterations on species of conservation concern, standardized protocols may be adopted even when supporting data are scarce. For example, a habitat matrix was developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to guide consultations under the Endangered Species Act for actions that may affect the functioning of the freshwater habitat used by several federally listed salmonid species. The habitat matrix has also been advocated as a tool for recovery planning by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Checklists; Conservation; Endangered species; Habitat assessment; Proxy indicator; Salmonids; Matrix.
Ano: 2003

Robustness or resilience? Managing the intersection of ecology and engineering in an urban Alaskan fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krupa, Meagan B.; Alaska Pacific University; mkrupa@alaskapacific.edu; Chapin, III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks ; terry.chapin@alaska.edu; Lovecraft, Amy L.; University of Alaska Fairbanks; allovecraft@alaska.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hatchery; Robustness theory; Salmon; Social-ecological systems; Stream management; Urban fishery.
Ano: 2014

Making Sure you Solve the Right Problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cartledge, Kim; School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University; Kim.Cartledge@newcastle.ac.uk; Hernandez Jimenez, Veronica; School of Agronomy, Polytechnic University of Madrid; veronica.hernandez.jimenez@upm.es; Winder, Nick P.; School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University; Nick.Winder@ncl.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Epiphany; Innovation; Integrative research; Science&amp;#8211; Policy interface.
Ano: 2009

Social Learning and Water Resources Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Craps, Marc; Katholieke Universiteit;; Dewulf, Art; Katholieke Universiteit;; Mostert, Erik; Delft University of Technology;; Tabara, David; Autonomous Unversity of Barcelona;; Taillieu, Tharsi; Katholieke Universiteit;.
Natural resources management in general, and water resources management in particular, are currently undergoing a major paradigm shift. Management practices have largely been developed and implemented by experts using technical means based on designing systems that can be predicted and controlled. In recent years, stakeholder involvement has gained increasing importance. Collaborative governance is considered to be more appropriate for integrated and adaptive management regimes needed to cope with the complexity of social-ecological systems. The paper presents a concept for social learning and collaborative governance developed in the European project HarmoniCOP (Harmonizing COllaborative Planning). The concept is rooted in the more interpretive strands of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social learning; Collaborative governance; Adaptive management; Water resources.
Ano: 2007

Avian Influenza H5N1 and the Wild Bird Trade in Hanoi, Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brooks-Moizer, F.; University of East Anglia;; Roberton, Scott I; Wildlife Conservation Society;; Edmunds, Kelly; University of East Anglia;; Bell, Diana; University of East Anglia; d.bell@uea.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza H5N1; Wild bird trade; Vietnam; Avian conservation; Legislation.
Ano: 2009

Truths and governance for adaptive management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loftin, M. Kent; SynInt Inc.; CAMNet; kloftin@synint.com.
Managing large-scale water resources and ecosystem projects is a never ending job, and success should be measured in terms of achieving desired project performance and not just meeting prescriptive requirements of planning and constructing a project simply on time and within budget.  Success is more than studying, planning, designing, or operating projects.  It is developing the right plan, getting it implemented, and seeing that it is operated and performs properly.  Success requires all of these, and failing any of these results in wasted resources and potential for doing great harm.      Adaptive management can help make success possible by providing a means for solving the most complex problems, answering unanswered questions, and, in general, reducing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecosystem restoration; Governance; Implementation; Integrating risk and uncertainty; Performance; Project management; Resolutional sufficiency; Resolving uncertainties; Risk management; Stakeholders; Success; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2014

The Importance of Social Learning in Restoring the Multifunctionality of Rivers and Floodplains
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conflict resolution; Social learning; Adaptive management; Participatory modeling; Floodplain restoration.
Ano: 2006

The Influence of the Academic Conservation Biology Literature on Endangered Species Recovery Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stinchcombe, John; Brown University; John_Stinchcombe@brown.edu; Moyle, Leonie C; Duke University, Biology Department; lcm6@duke.edu; Hudgens, Brian R; Duke University, Biology Department;; Bloch, Philip L; ;; Chinnadurai, Sathya; ;; Morris, William F; ;.
Despite the volume of the academic conservation biology literature, there is little evidence as to what effect this work is having on endangered species recovery efforts. Using data collected from a national review of 136 endangered and threatened species recovery plans, we evaluated whether recovery plans were changing in response to publication trends in four areas of the academic conservation biology literature: metapopulation dynamics, population viability analysis, conservation corridors, and conservation genetics. We detected several changes in recovery plans in apparent response to publication trends in these areas (e.g., the number of tasks designed to promote the recovery of an endangered species shifted, although these tasks were rarely assigned...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation biology; Conservation corridors; Conservation genetics; Endangered species; Endangered Species Act; Influential papers; Population Viability Analysis; PVA; Recovery plans.
Ano: 2002

Factors Influencing Adaptive Marine Governance in a Developing Country Context: a Case Study of Southern Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, Louisa S.; The School of International Development, University of East Anglia; louisa.evans@jcu.edu.au; Brown, Katrina; The School of International Development, University of East Anglia; k.brown@uea.ac.uk; Allison, Edward H.; The WorldFish Center; e.allison@cgiar.org.
Adaptive governance can be conceptualized as distinct phases of: 1) understanding environmental change; 2) using this understanding to inform decision making; and 3) acting on decisions in a manner that sustains resilience of desirable system states. Using this analytical framework, we explore governance in practice in two case studies in Kenya, that reflect the &amp;#8220;messiness&amp;#8221; of contemporary coastal governance in many developing country contexts. Findings suggest that adaptive marine governance is unlikely to be a smooth process of learning, knowledge sharing, and responding. There are institutional, sociocultural, and political factors, past and present, that influence each phase of both local and state decision making. New local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Coastal zone; Fisheries; Governance; Inclusion; Knowledge; Participation.
Ano: 2011

Water RATs (Resilience, Adaptability, and Transformability) in Lake and Wetland Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance H; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Carpenter, Steve R; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@facstaff.wisc.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Olsson, Per; Centre for Transdiciplinary Environmental Research; per@ctm.su.se; Peterson, Garry; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca.
The lakes in the northern highlands of Wisconsin, USA, the lakes and wetlands of Kristianstads Vattenrike in southern Sweden, and the Everglades of Florida, USA, provide cases that can be used to compare the linkages between ecological resilience and social dynamics. The erosion of ecological resilience in aquatic and wetland ecosystems is often a result of past management actions and is manifest as a real or perceived ecological crisis. Learning is a key ingredient in response to the loss of ecological resilience. Learning is facilitated through networks that operate in distinct arenas and are structured for dialogue, synthesis, and imaginative solutions to chart alternative futures. The networks also help counter maladaptive processes such as information...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Resilience  management  social networks  learning; Wetlands; Lakes; Wisconsin; Everglades; Florida; Sweden.
Ano: 2006

Applying a synthetic approach to the resilience of Finnish reindeer herding as a changing livelihood
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sarkki, Simo; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; simo.sarkki@oulu.fi; Komu, Teresa; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; Teresa.komu@oulu.fi; Heikkinen, Hannu I; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; hannu.i.heikkinen@oulu.fi; Herva, Vesa-Pekka; Archaeology, University of Oulu, Finland; vesa-pekka.herva@oulu.fi.
Reindeer herding is an emblematic livelihood for Northern Finland, culturally important for local people and valuable in tourism marketing. We examine the livelihood resilience of Finnish reindeer herding by narrowing the focus of general resilience on social-ecological systems (SESs) to a specific livelihood while also acknowledging wider contexts in which reindeer herding is embedded. The questions for specified resilience can be combined with the applied DPSIR approach (Drivers; Pressures: resilience to what; State: resilience of what; Impacts: resilience for whom; Responses: resilience by whom and how). This paper is based on a synthesis of the authors&amp;#8217; extensive anthropological fieldwork on reindeer herding and other land uses in Northern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cumulative pressures; DPSIR approach; Environmental governance; Land use; Livelihood resilience; Pastoralism.
Ano: 2016

Trends and Future Potential of Payment for Ecosystem Services to Alleviate Rural Poverty in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milder, Jeffrey C; Cornell University; Ecoagriculture Partners; jcm85@cornell.edu; Scherr, Sara J; Ecoagriculture Partners; sscherr@ecoagriculture.org; Bracer, Carina; Climate Focus; C.Bracer@climatefocus.com.
Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a market-based approach to environmental management that compensates land stewards for ecosystem conservation and restoration. Because low-income households and communities control much of the ecologically sensitive land in developing countries, they potentially stand to gain from PES, as environmentally responsible stewardship is assigned a value by various actors in society. To date, however, instances of PES benefiting the poor have been limited mainly to specific localities, small-scale projects, and a handful of broader government programs. We analyze the size, characteristics, and trends of PES to evaluate its future potential to benefit low-income land stewards in developing countries. We estimate that by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Carbon sequestration; Eco-certification; Market development; Market policy; Payment for ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Poverty alleviation; Rural development; Watershed protection.
Ano: 2010

Resilient communities? Collapse and recovery of a social-ecological system in Arctic Norway
Provedor de dados: 7
Fisheries-dependent Sami communities in the Norwegian Arctic face major challenges adapting and responding to social-ecological changes. On a local scale, communities and households continually adapt and respond to interacting changes in natural conditions and governance frameworks.  Degradation of the marine environment and decline in coastal settlements can move social-ecological systems beyond critical thresholds or tipping points, where the system irreversibly enters a different state. We examined the recent social-ecological history of 2 fjords in Finnmark, North Norway, which have coped, over the past 30 years, with the collapse of local fish stocks, harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) invasions, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal cod; Community response; Individual vessel quotas; Pors&amp;#225; &amp;#331; Gu; Red king crab; Resilience  Sami Parliament; Tipping points; V&amp;#225; Rjat vuotna.
Ano: 2014

Potential economic impacts of achieving good environmental status in Black Sea fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Goulding, Ian C; Megapesca Lda, Portugal; ian@megapesca.com; Stobberup, Kim A; Megapesca Lda, Portugal; megapesca@mail.telepac.pt.
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) mandates that European Union (EU) member states achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS) based on an ecosystem-based approach to management. For commercial fisheries, the primary target under the MSFD is one of maximum sustainable yield. Of Black Sea riparian nations, only Romania and Bulgaria are EU member states. Focusing at the supranational level, we review institutions and instruments relevant to management of the Black Sea. The economic values of current fish catches are assessed, and the results of a recent analytical assessment of fish stocks are used to estimate potential future values based on maximum sustainable yields. In the Black Sea region, despite long-standing attempts to improve fisheries...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Black Sea; Economic impacts; Good Environmental Status; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Maximum sustainable yield; Small pelagic fish.
Ano: 2014

Biodiversity governance and social-ecological system dynamics: transformation in the Australian Alps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lockwood, Michael; Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Land &amp; Food, University of Tasmania; Michael.Lockwood@utas.edu.au; Mitchell, Michael; Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Land &amp; Food, University of Tasmania; Michael.Mitchell@utas.edu.au; Moore, Susan A.; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University ; S.Moore@murdoch.edu.au; Clement, Sarah; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University ; S.Clement@murdoch.edu.au.
Biodiversity conservation continues to be a challenging task for societies worldwide. We undertook a resilience assessment to address the following question: What are the ramifications of social-ecological system dynamics for biodiversity governance of a nationally significant landscape? Resilience assessment offers promise for guiding response strategies, potentially enabling consideration of ecological, social, economic, and governance influences on biodiversity-related activities. Most resilience assessments have, however, struggled to effectively incorporate governance influences. We applied a modified version of the Resilience Alliance workbook approach to explicitly address governance influences at each stage of an assessment of internationally...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Biodiversity; Climate change; Governance; Resilience assessment; Transformation.
Ano: 2014

Priority Areas for Establishing National Forests in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Brazil will benefit if it gains control of its vast Amazonian timber resources. Without immediate planning, the fate of much of the Amazon will be decided by predatory and largely unregulated timber interests. Logging in the Amazon is a transient process of natural resource mining. Older logging frontiers are being exhausted of timber resources and will face severe wood shortages within 5 yr. The Brazilian government can avoid the continued repetition of this process in frontier areas by establishing a network of National Forests (Florestas Nacionais or Flonas) to stabilize the timber industry and simultaneously protect large tracts of forest. Flonas currently comprise less than 2% of the Brazilian Amazon (83,000 km2). If all these forests were used for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Brazil; GIS model; Conservation; Logging; National forest; Production forest; Sustainable management; Tropical forest.
Ano: 2002

Modeling Regional Dynamics of Human&amp;#8211;Rangifer Systems:  a Framework for Comparative Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berman, Matthew; University of Alaska Anchorage; matthew.berman@uaa.alaska.edu.
Theoretical models of interaction between wild and domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus; caribou in North America) can help explain observed social&amp;#8211;ecological dynamics of arctic hunting and husbandry systems. Different modes of hunting and husbandry incorporate strategies to mitigate effects of differing patterns of environmental uncertainty. Simulations of simple models of harvested wild and domestic herds with density-dependent recruitment show that random environmental variation produces cycles and crashes in populations that would quickly stabilize at a steady state with nonrandom parameters. Different husbandry goals lead to radically different long-term domestic herd sizes. Wild and domestic herds are typically ecological competitors but...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou hunting; Rangifer tarandus; Reindeer herding; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; System models.
Ano: 2013

Scale and ecosystem services: how do observation, management, and analysis shift with scale&amp;#8212;lessons from Qu&amp;#233;bec
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara; McGill University; ciara.rh@gmail.com; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; garry.peterson@su.se.
Ecosystem service assessment and management are shaped by the scale at which they are conducted; however, there has been little systematic investigation of the scales associated with ecosystem service processes, such as production, benefit distribution, and management. We examined how social-ecological spatial scale impacts ecosystem service assessment by comparing how ecosystem service distribution, trade-offs, and bundles shift across spatial scales. We used a case study in Qu&amp;#233;bec, Canada, to analyze the scales of production, consumption, and management of 12 ecosystem services and to analyze how interactions among 7 of these ecosystem services change across 3 scales of observation (1, 9, and 75 km&amp;#178;). We found that ecosystem service...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Covariance; Ecosystem service bundles; Mont Saint-Hilaire; Problem of fit; Scaling; Social-ecological; Spatial; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2016

Operationalizing the integrated landscape approach in practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Freeman, Olivia E; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); o.freeman@cgiar.org; Duguma, Lalisa A; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); L.A.Duguma@cgiar.org; Minang, Peter A; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); A.Minang@cgiar.org.
The terms &amp;#8220;landscape&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;landscape approach&amp;#8221; have been increasingly applied within the international environmental realm, with many international organizations and nongovernmental organizations using landscapes as an area of focus for addressing multiple objectives, usually related to both environmental and social goals. However, despite a wealth of literature on landscapes and landscape approaches, ideas relating to landscape approaches are diverse and often vague, resulting in ambiguous use of the terms. Our aim, therefore, was to examine some of the main characteristics of different landscape approaches, focusing on how these might be applied in the process of taking a landscape approach. Drawing on a review of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Complex social-ecological systems; Integrated landscape approach; Multifunctionality; Participation; Sustainability; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2015

Why Forests Are Important for Global Poverty Alleviation: a Spatial Explanation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sunderlin, William D; Rights and Resources Group; Center for International Forestry Research; wsunderlin@rightsandresources.org; Dewi, Sonya; World Agroforestry Centre;; Puntodewo, Atie; Center for International Forestry Research;; Angelsen, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Center for International Forestry Research;; Epprecht, Michael; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "North-South", University of Berne;.
Forests have been declared important for the well-being of the poor because of the kinds of goods and services that they provide. We asked whether forests are important for the poor not only because of the kinds of goods and services they provide, but also because they tend to be located where the poor are. We conducted a spatial analysis to ascertain the degree of spatial association between poverty and forests in seven countries: Brazil, Honduras, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Indonesia, and Vietnam. For most of these countries, there was a significant positive correlation between high natural forest cover and high poverty rate (the percentage of the population that is poor) and between high forest cover and low poverty density (the number of poor per unit...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Forest; Poverty; Spatial analysis.
Ano: 2008

From Community-Based Resource Management to Complex Systems: The Scale Issue and Marine Commons
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Most research in the area of common and common-pool resources in the past two or three decades sought the simplicity of community-based resource management cases to develop theory. This was done mainly because of the relative ease of observing processes of self-governance in simple cases, but it raises questions related to scale. To what extent can the findings of small-scale, community-based commons be scaled up to generalize about regional and global commons? Even though some of the principles from community-based studies are likely to be relevant across scale, new and different principles may also come into play at different levels. The study of cross-level institutions such as institutions of co-management, provides ways to approach scale-related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Common property theory; Community-based resource management; Complex adaptive systems; Marine commons; Scale.
Ano: 2006

Downes, B. J., et al. 2002. Monitoring Ecological Impacts: Concepts and Practice in Flowing Waters. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pollard, Amina; University of Wisconsin-Madison; pollard@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Socioeconomic Response to Water Quality: a First Experience in Science and Policy Integration for the Izmit Bay Coastal System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gamze Tolun, Leyla ; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Leyla.Tolun@mam.gov.tr; Ergenekon, Seyla; ; seylaergenekon@yahoo.com; Murat Hocaoglu, Selda; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Selda.Murat@mam.gov.tr; Suha Donertas, Asli; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Asli.Donertas@mam.gov.tr; Cokacar, Tulay; ; tulay.cokacar@jrc.ec.europa.eu; Husrevoglu, Sinan; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Sinan.Husrevoglu@mam.gov.tr; Polat Beken, Colpan; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Colpan.Beken@mam.gov.tr; Baban, Ahmet; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Ahmet.Baban@mam.gov.tr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated coastal zone management; Izmit Bay; Stakeholder interaction; Socioeconomic analysis; Systems approach.
Ano: 2012

Impacts of Type of Fallow and Invasion by Chromolaena odorata on Weed Communities in Crop Fields in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ngobo, Martine; IITA; m.ngobo@cgiar.org; McDonald, Morag; University of Wales, Bangor; mamcd@bangor.ac.uk; Weise, Stephan; ; s.weise@cgiar.org.
In the humid forest regions of southern Cameroon in central Africa, sectoral and macroeconomic policy reforms introduced in the late 1980s have led to intensified land use, which in turn has resulted in, among other environmental consequences, shortened fallow systems dominated by the Asteraceae shrub, Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, rather than by secondary forest species. A trial was established to determine the effect of shortened fallow duration and invasion by C. odorata on the weed flora in subsequent mixed food cropping systems. Plots were established in cleared 5- to 7-year-old fallow fields in which the vegetation was either dominated by C. odorata or not, and in which the dominant fallow vegetation in the previous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CVA; Cameroon; Chromolaena odorata; Fallow; Weeds.
Ano: 2004

Suspect Visions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Cumulative Effects Assessment: Linking Social, Ecological, and Governance Dimensions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Weber, Marian; Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; marian.weber@albertainnovates.ca; Krogman, Naomi; Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta; naomi.krogman@ualberta.ca; Antoniuk, Terry; Salmo Consulting Inc.; terry@salmoconsult.com.
Setting social, economic, and ecological objectives is ultimately a process of social choice informed by science.  In this special feature we provide a multidisciplinary framework for the use of cumulative effects assessment in land use planning. Forest ecosystems are facing considerable challenges driven by population growth and increasing demands for resources. In a suite of case studies that span the boreal forest of Western Canada to the interior Atlantic forest of Paraguay we show how transparent and defensible methods for scenario analysis can be applied in data-limited regions and how social dimensions of land use change can be incorporated in these methods, particularly in aboriginal communities that have lived in these ecosystems for generations....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Cumulative effects; Forest ecosystems; Governance; Scenario models; Social indicators.
Ano: 2012

Reading Ecosystem Services at the Local Scale through a Territorial Approach: the Case of Peri-Urban Agriculture in the Thau Lagoon, Southern France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ruoso, Laure-Elise; Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia;  UMR TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRSTEA, Montpellier, France ; laure-elise.ruoso@student.uts.edu.au; Plant, Roel; Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; roel.plant@uts.edu.au; Maurel, Pierre; UMR TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRSTEA, Montpellier, France ; pierre.maurel@irstea.fr; Dupaquier, Claire; UMR TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRSTEA, Montpellier, France ; claire.dupaquier@teledetection.fr; Roche, Philip K.; UR EMAX, TR SEDYVIN, IRSTEA Aix en Provence, France; philip.roche@irstea.fr; Bonin, Muriel; UMR TETIS, CIRAD Montpellier, France; muriel.bonin@cirad.fr.
In recent years, the ecosystem services (ES) concept has become a major paradigm for natural resource management. While policy-makers demand &amp;#8220;hard&amp;#8221; monetary evidence that nature conservation would be worth investing in, ongoing attempts are being made to formalize the concept as a scientifically robust &amp;#8220;one size fits all&amp;#8221; analytical framework. These attempts have highlighted several major limitations of the ES concept. First, to date, the concept has paid little attention to the role of humans in the production of ES. Second, the ongoing formalization of the ES concept is turning it into a &amp;#8220;technology of globalization,&amp;#8221; thereby increasingly ignoring the socio-cultural context and history within...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Local land use planning; Participatory methods; Stakeholder perception; Territorial approach; Thau lagoon.
Ano: 2015

Reconnecting Social and Ecological Resilience in Salmon Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bottom, Daniel L.; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Dan.Bottom@noaa.gov; Jones, Kim K.; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; kim.jones@oregonstate.edu; Simenstad, Charles A; University of Washington; simenstd@u.washington.edu; Smith, Courtland L; Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University; csmith@oregonstate.edu.
Fishery management programs designed to control Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) for optimum production have failed to prevent widespread fish population decline and have caused greater uncertainty for salmon, their ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them. In this special feature introduction, we explore several key attributes of ecosystem resilience that have been overlooked by traditional salmon management approaches. The dynamics of salmon ecosystems involve social&amp;#8211;ecological interactions across multiple scales that create difficult mismatches with the many jurisdictions that manage fisheries and other natural resources. Of particular importance to ecosystem resilience are large-scale shifts in oceanic and climatic regimes or in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Pacific Northwest; Pacific salmon; Resilience; Salmon ecosystem.
Ano: 2009

Setting Biodiversity Targets in Participatory Regional Planning: Introducing Ecoprofiles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Opdam, Paul; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; Department of Land Use Planning, Wageningen University; paul.opdam@wur.nl; Pouwels, Rogier; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; rogier.pouwels@wur.nl; Rooij, Sabine van; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; sabine.vanrooij@wur.nl; Vos, Claire C; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; claire.vos@wur.nl.
In highly developed regions, ecosystems are often severely fragmented, whereas the conservation of biodiversity is highly rated. Regional and local actor groups are often involved in the regional planning, but when making decisions they make insufficient use of scientific knowledge of the ecological system that is being changed. The ecological basis of regional landscape change would be improved if knowledge-based systems tailored to the cyclic process of planning and negotiation and to the expertise of planners, designers and local interest groups were available.   If regional development is to be sustainable, goals for biodiversity must be set in relation to the actual and demanded patterns of ecosystems. We infer a set of prerequisites for the effective...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity targets; Ecosystem networks; Landscape ecology; Metapopulation persistence; Multifunctional landscapes; Multi-stakeholder decision making; Regional planning; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2008

The economic crisis as a game changer?  Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loorbach, Derk; DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam; loorbach@drift.eur.nl; Avelino, Flor; DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam; avelino@drift.eur.nl; Haxeltine, Alex; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK; alex.haxeltine@uea.ac.uk; Wittmayer, Julia M.; DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam; wittmayer@drift.eur.nl; O'Riordan, Tim; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK; t.oriordan@uea.ac.uk; Weaver, Paul; ICIS, Maastricht University, NL; LUCSUS, Lund University, Sweden; paul.weaver@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
Continuing economic turbulence has fuelled debates about social and political reform as much as it has stimulated actions and initiatives aimed at a more fundamental transition of dominant economic systems. This paper takes a transition perspective to explore, from a Western European viewpoint, how the economic crisis is actually viewed through a variety of interpretations and responded to through a range of practices. We argue that framing societal phenomena such as the economic crisis as "symptoms of transition" through alternative narratives and actions can give rise to the potential for (seemingly) short-term pressures to become game changers. Game changers are then defined as the combination of: specific events, the subsequent or parallel framing of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Economic crisis; Game changers; Narratives of change; Practices of change.
Ano: 2016

Conceptual Models for Ecosystem Management through the Participation of Local Social Actors: the R&amp;iacute;o Cruces Wetland Conflict
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Delgado, Luisa E.; Universidad de Chile ; ldelgado@antar.uchile.cl; Bachmann, Pamela L; Universidad de Chile;; Torres-Gomez, Marcela; Universidad de Chile;.
In 2004, the emigration and death of black-necked swans (Cygnus melancoryphus) from the R&amp;#237;o Cruces wetland (Valdivia, Chile) triggered one of the largest ecosocial conflicts in Chilean history. The main local social actors of this still unsolved conflict are the Chilean government, a pulp-mill company, and a local nongovernmental organization. The central issues of the conflict are disagreement over the reason for the swans&amp;#8217; migration, the need to restore the black-necked swan population in the wetland, and the relationship between economic development and wetland conservation. We applied a physical, ecological, and social system approach to generate conceptual or qualitative ecosystem models representing the perceptions of all social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cygnus melancoryphus; Black-necked swans; Conceptual ecosystem models; Conflict; Social actors; Wetlands.
Ano: 2009

Partnering for bioregionalism in England: a case study of the Westcountry Rivers Trust
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cook, Hadrian; School of Natural and Built Environments, Kingston University, London; h.cook@kingston.ac.uk; Benson, David; Environment and Sustainability Institute, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Cornwall; d.i.benson@exeter.ac.uk; Couldrick, Laurence; Westcountry Rivers Trust, Stoke Climsland, Callington, Cornwall; Laurence@wrt.org.uk.
The adoption of bioregionalism by institutions that are instrumental in river basin management has significant potential to resolve complex water resource management problems. The Westcountry Rivers Trust (WRT) in England provides an example of how localized bioregional institutionalization of adaptive comanagement, consensus decision making, local participation, indigenous technical and social knowledge, and &amp;#8220;win-win&amp;#8221; outcomes can potentially lead to resilient partnership working. Our analysis of the WRT&amp;#8217;s effectiveness in confronting nonpoint source water pollution, previously impervious to centralized agency responses, provides scope for lesson-drawing on institutional design, public engagement, and effective operation,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Bioregionalism; Bioregional planning; Institutions; Lesson-drawing; Partnership.
Ano: 2016

Monitoring Old Growth in Frequent-fire Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fiedler, Carl E.; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana; carl.fiedler@umontana.edu; Friederici, Peter; School of Communication, Northern Arizona University; peter.friederici@nau.edu; Petruncio, Mark; Forestry Program, Yakama Nation; petruncio@yakama.com.
In this article, we discuss how to monitor the structural and functional attributes of old growth, as well as its associated plant communities and wildlife, both to determine the possible need for treatment and to assess post-treatment progress toward desired conditions. Monitoring can be used to detect conditions (or agents) that threaten existing old growth and also to document indicators of healthy, functioning old-growth systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Disturbance agents; Monitoring; Physiological/functional indicators; Risk assessment; Structural indicators.
Ano: 2007

Seeking our shared wisdom: a framework for understanding knowledge coproduction and coproductive capacities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schuttenberg, H. Z.; School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Sustainable International Development, University of Aberdeen, UK; currently with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), E3 Bureau, Office of Forestry and Biodiversity; Heidi.Schuttenberg@gmail.com; Guth, Heidi K.; Kai Ho&amp;#699;oulu LLLC and Polynesian Voyaging Society; HeidiKai@gmail.com.
The widespread disconnect between scientific projections of climate change and the implementation of responsive management actions has escalated calls for knowledge production processes able to exercise a stronger voice in decision making. Recently, the concept of coproduction has been championed as a potential answer. The term &amp;#8216;knowledge coproduction&amp;#8217; is used loosely in the literature to describe an inclusive, iterative approach to creating new information; it is distinguished by its focus on facilitating interactions between stakeholders to develop an integrated or transformational understanding of a sustainability problem. Whether a coproduction process is successful in this integration of science and policy depends on a range of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coproduction; Coral reef management; Governance; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2015

Seasonal Climate Variation and Caribou Availability: Modeling Sequential Movement Using Satellite-Relocation Data
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nicolson, Craig; Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst ; craign@eco.umass.edu; Berman, Matthew; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage; matthew.berman@uaa.alaska.edu; West, Colin Thor; Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ; ctw@email.unc.edu; Kofinas, Gary P.; Department of Humans and Environment and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks ; gpkofinas@alaska.edu; Griffith, Brad; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks; dbgriffith@alaska.edu; Russell, Don; CircumArtic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (CARMA); don.russell@ec.gc.ca; Dugan, Darcy; Alaska Ocean Observing System; dugan@aoos.org.
Livelihood systems that depend on mobile resources must constantly adapt to change. For people living in permanent settlements, environmental changes that affect the distribution of a migratory species may reduce the availability of a primary food source, with the potential to destabilize the regional social-ecological system. Food security for Arctic indigenous peoples harvesting barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) depends on movement patterns of migratory herds. Quantitative assessments of physical, ecological, and social effects on caribou distribution have proven difficult because of the significant interannual variability in seasonal caribou movement patterns. We developed and evaluated a modeling approach for simulating the distribution...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou; Markovian; Migration; Rangifer tarandus granti; Seasonal distribution; Simulation; Subsistence hunting.
Ano: 2013

Local seafood: rethinking the direct marketing paradigm
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stoll, Joshua S; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; joshua.stoll@maine.edu; Dubik, Bradford A; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University; bradford.dubik@duke.edu; Campbell, Lisa M; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University; lcampbe@duke.edu.
Faced with strict regulations, rising operational costs, depleted stocks, and competition from less expensive foreign imports, many fishers are pursuing new ways to market and sell their catch. Direct marketing arrangements can increase the ex-vessel value of seafood and profitability of operations for fishers by circumventing dominant wholesale chains of custody and capturing the premium that customers are willing to pay for local seafood. Our analysis goes beyond a paradigm that understands direct marketing arrangements as solely economic tools to consider how these emerging business configurations create a set of conditions that can result in increased bonding and bridging capital among fishers by incentivizing cooperation, communication, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-supported fisheries; Direct marketing; Institutional starters; Local seafood; Resilience; Social capital.
Ano: 2015

Co-engineering Participatory Water Management Processes: Theory and Insights from Australian and Bulgarian Interventions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daniell, Katherine A.; Centre for Policy Innovation, The Australian National University ; katherine.daniell@anu.edu.au; White, Ian; The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; ian.white@anu.edu.au; Ribarova, Irina S.; University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy; ribarova_fhe@uacg.bg; Coad, Peter; Hornsby Shire Council; PCoad@hornsby.nsw.gov.au; Rougier, Jean-Emmanuel; Lisode; Jean-Emmanuel.Rougier@lisode.com; Hare, Matthew; UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC), United Nations University; hare@unwater.unu.edu; Jones, Natalie A.; School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland; natalie.a.j@gmail.com; Popova, Albena; University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy; albena_krasimirova@abv.bg; Perez, Pascal; College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University; Marine and Atmospheric Research Division, Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) ; pascal.perez@anu.edu.au; Burn, Stewart; Land and Water, Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization  (CSIRO) ; Stewart.Burn@csiro.au.
Broad-scale, multi-governance level, participatory water management processes intended to aid collective decision making and learning are rarely initiated, designed, implemented, and managed by one person. These processes mostly emerge from some form of collective planning and organization activities because of the stakes, time, and budgets involved in their implementation. Despite the potential importance of these collective processes for managing complex water-related social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, little research focusing on the project teams that design and organize participatory water management processes has ever been undertaken. We have begun to fill this gap by introducing and outlining the concept of a co-engineering process and examining...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Co-engineering; Conflict; Multiple objectives; Negotiation; Participatory process; Planning; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Quantification of the Ecological Resilience of Drylands Using Digital Remote Sensing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Washington-Allen, Robert A.; Texas A&amp;M University; washingtonra@mac.com; Ramsey, R. D.; Utah State University; doug.ramsey@usu.edu; West, Neil E.; Utah State University; new369@cc.usu.edu; Norton, Brien E.; Centre for the Management of Arid Environments; B.Norton@cmae.curtin.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2008

Considering Background Condition Effects in Tailoring Tropical Forest Management Systems for Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hammond, David S; NWFS Consulting; dhammond@nwfs.biz; Zagt, Roderick J; Tropenbos International; Roderick.Zagt@tropenbos.org.
Systems devised for managing tropical forests sustainably have yet to prove successful. In many instances, they have fallen short of initial prospects, but the reasons for these shortfalls are often not apparent. Here, we explore factors that can shape the likelihood of success, collectively referred to as background conditions, which are not always adequately considered prior to selecting a suitable management system. We examine the ability of one background condition, geologic terrane, to explain crude spatial variation in a number of trailing indicators of varying forest land use. Forest areas on Precambrian and Phanerozoic terranes show significant differences in production of fossil hydrocarbons, gold, and tropical roundwood, among other indicators,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Enabling conditions; Tropical forest management; Geologic terrane; Climate; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2006

Ecosystem and Social Construction: an Interdisciplinary Case Study of the Shurkul Lake Landscape in Khorezm, Uzbekistan.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shanafield, Margaret; National Centre for Groundwater Resarch and Training, Flinders University; mshanafield@yahoo.com; Ismailova, Bashorat; ZEF/UNESCO Khorezm Project; bashorat.ismailova@gmail.com; Saito, Laurel; University of Nevada Reno; lsaito@cabnr.unr.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Connectedness to nature; Central Asia; Lake ecosystem; Landscape; Local ecological knowledge; Perception; Shurkul lake; Social construction.
Ano: 2011

Promoting Health and Well-Being by Managing for Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Resilience: the Potential of Integrating Ecohealth and Water Resources Management Approaches
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bunch, Martin J; Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; bunchmj@yorku.ca; Morrison, Karen E; Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; karenm@uoguelph.ca; Parkes, Margot W; Health Sciences Program, University of Northern British Columbia; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; mwparkes@interchange.ubc.ca; Venema, Henry D; International Institute for Sustainable Development; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; hvenema@iisd.ca.
In coupled social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, the same driving forces can result in combined social and environmental health inequities, hazards, and impacts. Policies that decrease social inequities and improve social cohesion, however, also have the potential to improve health outcomes and to minimize and offset the drivers of ecosystem change. Actions that address both biophysical and social environments have the potential to create a "double dividend" that improves human health, while also promoting sustainable development. One promising approach to managing the  complex, reciprocal interactions among ecosystems, society, and health  is the integration of the ecohealth approach (which holds that human  health and well-being are both dependent on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecohealth; Ecosystem approach; Environment and health; Environmental determinants of health; Health promotion; Integrated water resources management; Resilience; Social determinants of health; Watershed governance; Watershed management.
Ano: 2011

Does Pastoralists' Participation in the Management of National Parks in Northern Norway Contribute to Adaptive Governance?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Risvoll, Camilla ; University of Nordland; camilla.risvoll.godo@uin.no; Fedreheim, Gunn Elin; Nordland Research Institute; gef@nforsk.no; Sandberg , Audun ; University of Nordland; audun.sandberg@hibo.no; BurnSilver, Shauna; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Shauna.Burnsilver@asu.edu.
Norwegian protected areas have historically been managed by central, expertise bureaucracy; however, a governance change in 2010 decentralized and delegated the right to manage protected areas to locally elected politicians and elected S&amp;aacute;mi representatives in newly established National Park Boards. We explore how this new governance change affects adaptive capacity within the reindeer industry, as the reindeer herders are now  participating with other users in decision-making processes related to large tracts of protected areas in which they have pasture access. Aspects within adaptive capacity and resilience thinking are useful as complementary dimensions to a social-ecological system framework (Ostrom 2007) in exploring the dynamics of complex...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decentralization; National park governance; Participation; Pastoralists; Protected areas; Reindeer herding; SES framework; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Jatropha cultivation in Malawi and Mozambique: impact on ecosystem services, local human well-being, and poverty alleviation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Maltitz, Graham P.; CSIR, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; gvmalt@csir.co.za; Gasparatos, Alexandros; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; gasparatos@ir3s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@nmmu.ac.za; Morris, Abbie; Independent development practitioner, Malawi; Chittock.abbie@gmail.com; Willis, Kathy J.; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK; Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, UK; kathy.willis@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Jatropha-based biofuels have undergone a rapid boom-and-bust cycle in southern Africa. Despite strong initial support by governments, donors, and the private sector, there is a lack of empirical studies that compare the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of Jatropha&amp;#8217;s two dominant modes of production: large plantations and smallholder-based projects. We apply a rapid ecosystem services assessment approach to understand the impact of two Jatropha projects that are still operational despite widespread project collapse across southern Africa: a smallholder-based project (BERL, Malawi) and a large plantation (Niqel, Mozambique). Our study focuses on changes in provisioning ecosystem services such as biofuel feedstock, food, and woodland products...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ecosystem services; Jatropha; Malawi; Mozambique; Smallholders.
Ano: 2016

Drivers of Change in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes: Implications for Better Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gu, Hongyan; Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences; United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability; gu@sass.org.cn; Subramanian, Suneetha M.; United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability; subramanian@ias.unu.edu.
The term socio-ecological production landscapes (SEPLs) has recently gained currency in conservation circles because of a recognized need to look beyond protected areas to the management of human-influenced landscapes and ecosystems. We have drawn on a variety of case studies from Asia and other parts of the world to understand the underlying driving forces that have led to the need for greater awareness and sustainable management of SEPLs. We have analyzed the drivers of these changes from socio-political, legal, economic, and socio-cultural perspectives. The analysis shows that SEPLs contribute to local, national, and global economies, and their production and harvesting processes are subject to external demands and pressures. Policy makers should...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case study; Conservation; Cultural landscapes; Drivers of change; Ecosystem approach; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

Vulnerability and the Role of Education in Environmentally Induced Migration in Mali and Senegal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Land, Victoria; Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE); vvanderland@gmail.com; Hummel, Diana; Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE); Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (BiK-F); hummel@isoe.de.
In the West African Sahel, the majority of the population depends on subsistence farming and livestock breeding and is thus particularly vulnerable to climatic changes. One possible response to natural hazards is migration. Recent research suggests that environmentally induced mobility is closely linked to the social vulnerability and adaptive capacity of individuals and groups. However, only little attention has been paid thus far to the role of formal education in this context. Our objective was to fill this gap by examining the role of formal education in environmentally induced migration as one characteristic of social vulnerability to environmental change. Our analysis focuses on two regions in the West African Sahel, Bandiagara in Mali and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Education; Environmentally induced migration; Livelihood strategies; Sahel; Social vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

Agricultural Abandonment, Suburban Growth, and Forest Expansion in Puerto Rico between 1991 and 2000
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gould, William A; International Institute of Tropical Forestry - USDA Forest Service; wgould@fs.fed.us; Aide, T. Mitchell; University of Puerto Rico; tmaide@yahoo.com.
The response of local economies to the globalization process can have a large effect on population and land-use dynamics. In countries with a high population density and relatively high levels of education, the globalization process has resulted in a shift in the local economy from agriculture to manufacturing, technology, and service sectors. This shift in the economy has impacted land-use dynamics by decreasing agricultural lands, increasing urban growth, and in some cases, increasing forest cover. This process of economic and forest transition has been well documented in Puerto Rico for the period 1950 to 1990, but some authors predicted that poor planning and continued urban growth would eliminate the gains in forest cover. To investigate the impacts...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture decline; Forest expansion; Forest transition; Globalization; Land use-cover change; Suburban population growth; Puerto Rico.
Ano: 2008

Locust Control in Transition: The Loss and Reinvention of Collective Action in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toleubayev, Kazbek; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kazbek.Toleubayev@wur.nl; Jansen, Kees; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kees.Jansen@wur.nl; van Huis, Arnold; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Arnold.vanHuis@wur.nl.
The inability to organize collective action for pest control can lead to severe problems. This paper focuses on the locust management system in Kazakhstan since the formation of the Soviet State. During the Transition Period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Plant Protection Service disintegrated. The principles of central planning were replaced with individualistic approaches with little state involvement in pest control activities or pesticide regulation. The financial and ideological reasons for dismantling the existing pest control system did not recognize the potential impact that policy-induced changes in agro-ecological conditions and control practices would have on pest development. Nature hit back at the induced institutional change that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutional change; Kazakhstan; Knowledge; Land use; Locust; Plant protection; Public good; Soviet Union; Transition period.
Ano: 2007

Ethics and Water Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Groenfeldt, David; Water-Culture Institute; Adjunct Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of New Mexico; dgroenfeldt@newmexico.com; Schmidt, Jeremy J; University of Western Ontario; jschmi7@uwo.ca.
Ethics and values are important dimensions of water governance. We show how a "values approach" contributes to an understanding of global water governance, and how it complements other perspectives on governance, namely management, institutional capacity, and social-ecological systems. We connect these other approaches to their own value systems and the ethical attitudes they engender. We then offer a way to explicitly incorporate, and where necessary adjudicate, competing value systems through a values-based approach to governance. A case of the Santa Fe River in New Mexico, USA illustrates how value systems are reflected in water policies and how these values affect governance priorities, such as in environmental flows. The values-based approach...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Rio Grande; Santa Fe  New Mexico; Santa Fe River; Values; Water governance.
Ano: 2013

Nature vs. Nurture: the Making of the Montado Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
The southern Iberian Peninsula is dominated by a savannah-like ecosystem, the montado, which is a typically Mediterranean cultural adaptation to generally poor productive areas. Montados are exploited for three main uses: forestry, agriculture, and extensive grazing, in proportions that vary according to local conditions (more or less productive land) and historical circumstances. Because these ecosystems occur over a large geographic area (they occupy some 6 million ha), biodiversity would be expected to vary among montados. However, differences in management practices may also influence species distribution. In this paper, we investigate differences in plant and bird species diversity among 60 montados distributed all across southern Portugal. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Birds; Conservation; Ecological concordance; Human versus nature; Montados; Plants.
Ano: 2003

Monitoring Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Lemurs of the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Merenlender, Adina; University of California, Berkeley; adina@nature.berkeley.edu; Kremen, Claire; Center for Conservation Biology and Wildlife Conservation Society; ckremen@leland.Stanford.EDU; Rakotondratsima, Marius; Wildlife Conservation Society, Madagascar; mphrl@ukc.ac.uk; Weiss, Andrew; Center for Conservation Biology; aweiss@bing.stanford.edu.
Monitoring the influence of human actions on flagship species is an important part of conserving biodiversity, because the information gained is crucial for the development and adaptation of conservation management plans. On the Masoala Peninsula in Madagascar, we are monitoring the two largest prosimian species, Eulemur fulvus albifrons and Varecia variegata rubra, at disturbed and undisturbed forest sites to determine if extraction of forest resources has a significant impact on the population viability of these species. To test the sensitivity of lemur species to routine extraction of natural resources by local villagers, we compared population demography and density for both species across six study sites, using a new census technique. Three of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Buffer zone; Census techniques; Conservation; Eulemur fulvus albifrons; GIS; Lemurs; Madagascar; National park; Natural resource extraction; Primate; Protected area management; Varecia variegata rubra.
Ano: 1998

Reconciling Social and Biological Needs in an Endangered Ecosystem: the Palouse as a Model for Bioregional Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Donovan, Shannon M; University of Idaho; shannon_donovan@yahoo.com; Looney, Chris; University of Idaho; clooney@vandals.uidaho.edu; Hanson, Thor; University of Idaho; thor@rockisland.com; Wulfhorst, J. D.; University of Idaho; jd@uidaho.edu; Eigenbrode, Sanford D; University of Idaho; sanforde@uidaho.edu; Jennings, Michael; The Nature Conservancy; mjennings@tnc.org; Johnson-Maynard, Jodi; University of Idaho; jmaynard@uidaho.edu.
The Palouse region of southeastern Washington State and an adjacent portion of northern Idaho is a working landscape dominated by agricultural production, with less than 1% of the original bunchgrass prairie remaining.  Government agencies and conservation groups have begun efforts to conserve Palouse prairie remnants, but they lack critical information about attitudes and perceptions among local landowners toward biological conservation.  Knowledge about the location and condition of native biological communities also remains sparse.  Using a bioregional approach, we integrated data collected through biological surveys and social interviews to investigate relationships between biologically and socially meaningful aspects of the landscape.  We combined GIS...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Landscape; Participatory research; Spatial mapping; Biodiversity; Conservation; Private lands.
Ano: 2009

Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gadgil, Madhav; Indian Institute of Science; madhav@ces.iisc.ernet.in.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Exclusion; Global development; Green revolution; New culture; Plant biotechnology; Poverty; Public participation.
Ano: 2000

Sharing as risk pooling in a social dilemma experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cherry, Todd L.; Appalachian State University; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO); cherrytl@appstate.edu; Howe, E. Lance; University of Alaska Anchorage; elhowe@uaa.alaska.edu; Murphy, James J.; University of Alaska Anchorage; Nankai University; Chapman University; murphy@uaa.alaska.edu.
In rural economies with missing or incomplete markets, idiosyncratic risk is frequently pooled through informal networks. Idiosyncratic shocks, however, are not limited to private goods but can also restrict an individual from partaking in or benefiting from a collective activity. In these situations, a group must decide whether to provide insurance to the affected member. We describe results of a laboratory experiment designed to test whether a simple sharing institution can sustain risk pooling in a social dilemma with idiosyncratic risk. We tested whether risk could be pooled without a commitment device and, separately, whether effective risk pooling induced greater cooperation in the social dilemma. We found that even in the absence of a commitment...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Experimental economics; Idiosyncratic risk; Income smoothing; Insurance; Lab experiment; Public goods; Resource sharing; Risk pooling; Social dilemma; Social-ecological systems; Team production.
Ano: 2015

Biomass Partitioning Following Defoliation of Annual and Perennial Mediterranean Grasses
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gutman, Mario; Agricultural Research Organization; mgutman@shani.net; Noy-Meir, Imanuel; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; noymeir@agri.huji.ac.il; Pluda, Daniel C; Volcani Center;; Seligman, No'am; Volcani Center; noamseli@netvision.net.il; Rothman, Steven; ;; Sternberg, Marcelo; Tel Aviv University; MarceloS@tauex.tau.ac.il.
A two-year experiment was conducted in northeastern Israel to study the effects of various defoliation regimes on biomass partitioning between vegetative and reproductive structures in a perennial and an annual Mediterranean grass. Greater insight into the mechanisms regulating biomass partitioning after defoliation enables ecologists and rangeland managers to interpret and predict population and community dynamics in Mediterranean grasslands more efficiently. Two typical Mediterranean grasses, Triticum dicoccoides, an annual species, and Hordeum bulbosum, a perennial species, were grown in containers in the open. They were subjected to a series of defoliation treatments that comprised three clipping frequencies and three clipping heights in a full...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Annual vs. perennial grasses; Biomass partitioning; Defoliation treatments; Grasslands; Grazing response; Hordeum bulbosum; Israel; Mediterranean; Reproductive effort; Triticum dicoccoides; Vegetative vs. reproductive structures.
Ano: 2001

Coproductive capacities: rethinking science-governance relations in a diverse world
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Kerkhoff, Lorrae E.; The Australian National University; lorrae.vankerkhoff@anu.edu.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; llebel@loxinfo.co.th.
Tackling major environmental change issues requires effective partnerships between science and governance, but relatively little work in this area has examined the diversity of settings from which such partnerships may, or may not, emerge. In this special feature we draw on experiences from around the world to demonstrate and investigate the consequences of diverse capacities and capabilities in bringing science and governance together. We propose the concept of coproductive capacities as a useful new lens through which to examine these relations. Coproductive capacity is &amp;#8220;the combination of scientific resources and governance capability that shapes the extent to which a society, at various levels, can operationalize relationships between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Capacity development; Coproduction; Environmental governance; Environmental policy; Knowledge; Scale; Science-policy interface; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2015

Tackling Biocomplexity with Meta-models for Species Risk Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nyhus, Philip J.; Environmental Studies Program, Colby College; pjnyhus@colby.edu; Lacy, Robert; Chicago Zoological Society; rlacy@ix.netcom.com; Westley, Frances R; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; westley@wisc.edu; Miller, Philip; Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN); pmiller@cbsg.org; Vredenburg, Harrie; Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary; harrie.vredenburg@haskayne.ucalgary.ca; Paquet, Paul; Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary; ppaquet@sasktel.net; Pollak, John; Visual Biosystems; jp@visualbiosystems.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biocomplexity; Endangered species; Human dimension; Meta-model; Population viability analysis; Risk assessment; VORTEX.
Ano: 2007

Integrating Sacred Knowledge for Conservation: Cultures and Landscapes in Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Xu, Jianchu; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; jxu@icimod.org; Ma, Erzi T; Liangshan Nationality Institute;; Tashi, Duojie; Snowland Greatrivers Environmental Protection Association; uyohata@sina.com; Fu, Yongshou; Yunnan College of Art; yongshou_f@yahoo.com; Lu, Zhi; Conservation International; luzhi@pku.edu.cn; Melick, David; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; dmelick@mail.kib.ac.cn.
China is undergoing economic growth and expansion to a free market economy at a scale and pace that are unprecedented in human history. This is placing great pressure on the country&amp;#8217;s environment and cultural diversity. This paper examines a number of case histories in China, focusing on the culturally varied and ecologically diverse southwest region of the country. We show how developments in recent Chinese history have devalued and in some cases eliminated indigenous knowledge and practices in the quest to strengthen the centralized state. Despite these changes, more than 30 ethnic minorities live in southwest China. For generations these peoples have maintained landscapes through traditional land use and cultural practices. This indigenous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Economic development; Environmental degradation; Ethnic minorities; Indigenous knowledge; Sacred knowledge; China.
Ano: 2005

Analyzing the Concept of Planetary Boundaries from a Strategic Sustainability Perspective: How Does Humanity Avoid Tipping the Planet?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Basile, George; Arizona State University; george.basile@asu.edu.
Recently, an approach for global sustainability, the planetary-boundary approach (PBA), has been proposed, which combines the concept of tipping points with global-scale sustainability indicators. The PBA could represent a significant step forward in monitoring and managing known and suspected global sustainability criteria. However, as the authors of the PBA describe, the approach faces numerous and fundamental challenges that must be addressed, including successful identification of key global sustainability metrics and their tipping points, as well as the coordination of systemic individual and institutional actions that are required to address the sustainability challenges highlighted. We apply a previously published framework for systematic and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Framework for strategic sustainable development; Planetary boundaries; Planning; Strategy; Sustainability; Tipping points.
Ano: 2013

Social, biological, and environmental drivers of the hunting and trade of the endangered yellow-footed tortoise in the Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Chelonians constitute an important source of food and income for the inhabitants of tropical forests. We assessed the social, biological, and environmental factors affecting the hunting and trade of the endangered yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulata) in rural and urban areas in the Amazon and estimated the sustainability of tortoise use. We also discuss possible conservation alternatives that are compatible with the needs of local inhabitants. We monitored tortoise hunting and trade for 12 years in 10 traditional communities that exploit different habitat types in the Brazilian Amazon and collected data on the tortoise trade in two urban markets for six years. In upland forests, tortoise hunting mainly occurred during the dry season; in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat market; Chelonians; Hunting sustainability; Rural communities.
Ano: 2015

Time to Talk? How the Structure of Dialog Processes Shapes Stakeholder Learning in Participatory Water Resources Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Muro, Melanie; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, UK; melanie.muro@web.de; Jeffrey, Paul; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, UK; p.j.jeffrey@cranfield.ac.uk.
Public participation is increasingly viewed as a means to initiate social learning among stakeholders, resource managers, and policy makers rather than to ensure democratic representation. This growing understanding of participatory activities as learning platforms can be seen as a direct response to shifts in how natural resources management is framed, namely as uncertain, non-linear, and interlinked with the human dimensions. Social learning as it is discussed within the natural resources management (NRM) context features a process of collective and communicative learning that is thought to enable stakeholders to arrive at a shared understanding of a specific environmental situation and to develop new solutions as well as ways of acting together in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Participation; Social learning; Water framework directive.
Ano: 2012

Consumer Preferences Determine Resilience of Ecological-Economic Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Derissen, Sandra; Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Germany; derissen@economics.uni-kiel.de; Quaas, Martin F; Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Germany; quaas@economics.uni-kiel.de.
We perform a model analysis to study the origins of limited resilience in coupled ecological-economic systems. We demonstrate that under open access to ecosystems for profit-maximizing harvesting forms, the resilience properties of the system are essentially determined by consumer preferences for ecosystem services. In particular, we show that complementarity and relative importance of ecosystem services in consumption may significantly decrease the resilience of (almost) any given state of the system. We conclude that the role of consumer preferences and management institutions is not just to facilitate adaptation to, or transformation of, some natural dynamics of ecosystems. Rather, consumer preferences and management institutions are themselves...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consumption; Ecological-economic systems; Ecosystem services; Natural resource management; Preferences; Resilience.
Ano: 2011

Global change and conservation triage on National Wildlife Refuges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred A; U.S. Geological Survey; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Eaton, Mitchell J; U.S. Geological Survey; mitchell.eaton@usgs.gov; McMahon, Gerard; U.S. Geological Survey; gmcmahon@usgs.gov; Nilius, Raye; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; raye_nilius@fws.gov; Bryant, Michael R.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; mike_bryant@fws.gov; Case, David J.; DJ Case &amp; Associates; dave@djcase.com; Martin, Julien; U.S. Geological Survey; julienmartin@usgs.gov; Wood, Nathan J; U.S. Geological Survey; nwood@usgs.gov; Taylor, Laura; North Carolina State University; lotaylor@ncsu.edu.
National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the United States play an important role in the adaptation of social-ecological systems to climate change, land-use change, and other global-change processes. Coastal refuges are already experiencing threats from sea-level rise and other change processes that are largely beyond their ability to influence, while at the same time facing tighter budgets and reduced staff.  We engaged in workshops with NWR managers along the U.S. Atlantic coast to understand the problems they face from global-change processes and began a multidisciplinary collaboration to use decision science to help address them. We are applying a values-focused approach to base management decisions on the resource objectives of land managers, as well as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Allocation; Decision analysis; Ecosystem valuation; Global change; National Wildlife Refuge; Objectives; Policy; Portfolio analysis; Reserve design; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2015

Transformation from &amp;#8220;Carbon Valley&amp;#8221; to a &amp;#8220;Post-Carbon Society&amp;#8221; in a Climate Change Hot Spot: the Coalfields of the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, Geoffrey R.; University of Newcastle (Australia), Ecosystem Health Research Group; Geoffrey.r.evans@bigpond.com.
This paper examines the possibilities for transformation of a climate-change hot spot&amp;#8212;the coal-producing Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia&amp;#8212;using complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory. It uses CAS theory to understand the role of coal in the region&amp;#8217;s history and efforts to strengthen the ecological, economic, and social resilience of the region&amp;#8217;s coal industry in the face of demands for a shift from fossil fuel dependency to clean, renewable energy and genuine resilience and sustainability. It uses CAS theory to understand ways in which the resilience of two alternative futures, labeled &amp;#8220;Carbon Valley&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;Post-Carbon Society&amp;#8221; (Heinberg 2004), might evolve.   The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coal; Complex adaptive systems; Hunter Valley  Australia; Panarchy; Resilience; Sustainability; Transition.
Ano: 2008

How to Set Up a Research Framework to Analyze Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Interactive Processes in a Rural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Interdisciplinary research frameworks can be useful in providing answers to the environmental challenges facing rural environments, but concrete implementation of them remains empirical and requires better control. We present our practical experience of an interdisciplinary research project dealing with non-industrial private forestry in rural landscapes. The theoretical background, management, and methodological aspects, as well as results of the project, are presented in order to identify practical key factors that may influence its outcomes. Landscape ecology plays a central role in organizing the project. The efforts allocated for communication between scientists from different disciplines must be clearly stated in order to earn reciprocal trust....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragmented forest; Interdisciplinary research; Landscape ecology.
Ano: 2007

Identifying Areas for Field Conservation of Forages in Latin American Disturbed Environments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peters, Michael; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); m.peters-ciat@cgiar.org; Hyman, Glenn; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); g.hyman@cgiar.org; Jones, Peter; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); p.jones@cgiar.org.
This paper uses the spatial analysis tools DIVA and FloraMap to identify potential areas for the in situ conservation of a set of 10 forage species. We introduce the idea of roadside verges as conservation areas and discuss the risks and opportunities of two potential scenarios for conservation. These are the introduction of mass reservoirs outside of the original areas of collection and conservation inside the area of origin. Four potential areas for in situ conservation in Latin America are identified. Although more detailed studies using remote sensing, soil information, and field reconnaissance will be necessary for a final assessment of the suggested areas as field conservation sites, we discuss the possibilities of establishing low-maintenance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Distribution; DIVA; FloraMap; Forages; Germplasm; Latin America; Legumes; Roadside; Spatial analysis; Verges.
Ano: 2005

Education, Vulnerability, and Resilience after a Natural Disaster
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frankenberg, Elizabeth; Duke University; e.frankenberg@duke.edu; Sikoki, Bondan; SurveyMeter; bsikoki@gmail.com; Sumantri, Cecep; SurveyMeter; sumantri.2011@gmail.com; Suriastini, Wayan; SurveyMeter; suriastini@gmail.com; Thomas, Duncan; Duke University; d.thomas@duke.edu.
The extent to which education provides protection in the face of a large-scale natural disaster is investigated. Using longitudinal population-representative survey data collected in two provinces on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, before and after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, we examine changes in a broad array of indicators of well-being of adults. Focusing on adults who were living, before the tsunami, in areas that were subsequently severely damaged by the tsunami, better educated males were more likely to survive the tsunami, but education is not predictive of survival among females. Education is not associated with levels of post-traumatic stress among survivors 1 year after the tsunami, or with the likelihood of being displaced. Where education...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Development; Disaster; Education; Resilience; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

Melillo, J. M., C. B. Field, and B. Moldan. 2003. Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Changes and Human Impacts. SCOPE Report 61. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Tim; McGill University; tim.moore@mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Classification of Forest Management Approaches: A New Conceptual Framework and Its Applicability to European Forestry
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barreiro, Susana  M.; Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia; smb@isa.utl.pt; Hengeveld, Geerten  M.; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR, Team Forest Ecosystems; Geerten.Hengeveld@wur.nl; Lind, Torgny; Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU; torgny.lind@srh.slu.se; Mason, William L.; Forest Research, Northern Research Station; bill.mason@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Ambrozy, Slawomir; Forest Research Institute; S.Ambrozy@ibles.waw.pl.
The choice between different forest management practices is a crucial step in short, medium, and long-term decision making in forestry and when setting up measures to support a regional or national forest policy. Some conditions such as biogeographically determined site factors, exposure to major disturbances, and societal demands are predetermined, whereas operational processes such as species selection, site preparation, planting, tending, or thinning can be altered by management. In principle, the concept of a forest management approach provides a framework for decision making, including a range of silvicultural operations that influence the development of a stand or group of trees over time. These operations vary among silvicultural systems and can be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Basic principles; Forest management approaches; Management intensity; Operational processes; Silvicultural systems.
Ano: 2012

Catalyst: reimagining sustainability with and through fine art
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Connelly, Angela; Manchester Architecture Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ; angela.connelly-2@manchester.ac.uk; Guy, Simon C; Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK ; s.guy@lancaster.ac.uk; Wainwright, Dr. Edward; School of Architecture, Planning &amp; Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK ; edward.wainwright@ncl.ac.uk; Weileder, Wolfgang; Fine Art, School of Arts and Cultures, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK ; wolfgang.weileder@ncl.ac.uk; Wilde, Marianne; Fine Art, School of Arts and Cultures, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK    ; marianne.wilde@ncl.ac.uk.
How might we begin to explore the concept of the &amp;#8220;sustainable city&amp;#8221; in a world often characterized as dynamic, fluid, and contested? Debates about the sustainable city are too often dominated by a technological discourse conducted among professional experts, but this technocratic framing is open to challenge. For some critics, sustainability is a meaningless notion, yet for others its semantic pliability opens up discursive spaces through which to explore interconnections across time, space, and scale. Thus, while enacting sustainability in policy and practice is an arduous task, we can productively ask how cultural imaginations might be stirred and shaken to make sustainability accessible to a wider public who might join the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coproduction; Interdisciplinarity; Practice-led research; Sustainability; Urban.
Ano: 2016

Governance for Resilience: CALFED as a Complex Adaptive Network for Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Booher, David E.; Center for Collaborative Policy, California State University Sacramento; dbooher@berkeley.edu; Innes, Judith E.; Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California Berkeley; jinnes@berkeley.edu.
A study of California&amp;#8217;s water planning and management process, known as CALFED, offers insights into governance strategies that can deal with adaptive management of environmental resources in ways that conventional bureaucratic procedures cannot. CALFED created an informal policy-making system, engaging multiple agencies and stakeholders. The research is built on data from 5 years of field work that included interviews with participants, review of documents, and observation of meetings. We argue that CALFED can be seen as a self-organizing complex adaptive network (CAN) in which interactions were generally guided by collaborative heuristics. The case demonstrates several innovative governance practices, including new practices and norms for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative governance; Complex adaptive systems; Consensus building; Policy network; Resilient resource management; Water policy.
Ano: 2010

Expert and Generalist Local Knowledge about Land-cover Change on South Africa&amp;#8217;s Wild Coast: Can Local Ecological Knowledge Add Value to Science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chalmers, Nigel; Rhodes University, South Africa;; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University, South Africa; c.fabricius@ru.ac.za.
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) can shed light on ecosystem change, especially in under-researched areas such as South Africa&amp;#8217;s Wild Coast. However, for ecosystem planning purposes, it is necessary to assess the accuracy and validity of LEK, and determine where such knowledge is situated in a community, and how evenly it is spread. Furthermore, it is relevant to ask: does LEK add value to science, and how do science and local knowledge complement one another? We assessed change in woodland and forest cover in the Nqabara Administrative Area on South Africa&amp;#8217;s Wild Coast between 1974 and 2001. The inhabitants of Nqabara are &amp;#8220;traditional&amp;#8221; Xhosa-speaking people who are highly dependent on natural resources for their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultivation; Fire; GIS; Land-cover change; Landscape ecology; Local ecological knowledge; Politics; Scientific knowledge; Vegetation.
Ano: 2007

Hunting for Livelihood in Northeast Gabon: Patterns, Evolution, and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; n.vanvliet@cgiar.org; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
We suggest an ethno-biological approach to analyze the cultural and social drivers of hunting activities and assess sustainability in villages near Makokou, northeast Gabon, based on interviews with hunters, participatory mapping of hunting territories, and daily records of offtakes for 1 yr. Hunting in villages of northeast Gabon is practiced for both local consumption and cash income to cover basic family expenses. There appears to be no clear tendency to abandon subsistence hunting for commercial hunting as in other regions of Africa. Cultural and socioeconomic factors explain the temporal and spatial variation in hunting activities. Hunting increases in the dry season during circumcision ceremonies, when it is practiced mainly at &amp;#62; 10 km from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethno-biological approach; Hunting impact; Hunting practices; Northeast Gabon; Spatial and temporal patterns; Sustainability assessments.
Ano: 2008

The Next Generation of Scientists: Examining the Experiences of Graduate Students in Network-Level Social-Ecological Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Romolini, Michele; Center for Urban Resilience, Loyola Marymount University; michele.romolini@lmu.edu; Record, Sydne; Harvard Forest, Harvard University; srecord@fas.harvard.edu; Garvoille, Rebecca; Department of Conservation and Forestry, University of Montana; rgarv001@fiu.edu; Marusenko, Yevgeniy; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; yevgeniy.marusenko@asu.edu; Geiger, R. Stuart; School of Information, University of California Berkeley; sgeiger@ischool.berkeley.edu.
By integrating the research and resources of hundreds of scientists from dozens of institutions, network-level science is fast becoming one scientific model of choice to address complex problems. In the pursuit to confront pressing environmental issues such as climate change, many scientists, practitioners, policy makers, and institutions are promoting network-level research that integrates the social and ecological sciences. To understand how this scientific trend is unfolding among rising scientists, we examined how graduate students experienced one such emergent social-ecological research initiative, Integrated Science for Society and Environment, within the large-scale, geographically distributed Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. Through...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Graduate students; Interdisciplinary research; LTER Network; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2013

Cultural Keystone Species: Implications for Ecological Conservation and Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garibaldi, Ann; University of Victoria; anng@uvic.ca; Turner, Nancy; University of Victoria; nturner@uvic.ca.
Ecologists have long recognized that some species, by virtue of the key roles they play in the overall structure and functioning of an ecosystem, are essential to its integrity; these are known as keystone species. Similarly, in human cultures everywhere, there are plants and animals that form the contextual underpinnings of a culture, as reflected in their fundamental roles in diet, as materials, or in medicine. In addition, these species often feature prominently in the language, ceremonies, and narratives of native peoples and can be considered cultural icons. Without these "cultural keystone species," the societies they support would be completely different. An obvious example is western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) for Northwest Coast cultures of North...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Porphyra abbottiae; Sagittaria spp.; Thuja plicata; British Columbia; First Nations; Cultural keystone species; Ecological restoration; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2004

Step Function versus Exponential Distribution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, Donald; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; drobinson@essa.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Global environmental change: local perceptions, understandings, and explanations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Byg, Anja; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, James Hutton Institute, UK; anja.byg@hutton.ac.uk; Thornton, Thomas F; Oxford University, School of Geography and the Environment; thomas.thornton@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Global environmental change (GEC) is an increasingly discussed phenomenon in the scientific literature as evidence of its presence and impacts continues to grow. Yet, while the documentation of GEC is becoming more readily available, local perceptions of GEC&amp;#8212; particularly in small-scale societies&amp;#8212;and preferences about how to deal with it, are still largely overlooked. Local knowledge and perceptions of GEC are important in that agents make decisions (including on natural resource management) based on individual perceptions. We carried out a systematic literature review that aims to provide an exhaustive state-of-the-art of the degree to and manner in which the study of local perceptions of change are being addressed in GEC research. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategies; Cognitive psychology; Local knowledge; Ontologies; Small-scale societies.
Ano: 2016

Big Problems, Small Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Houlahan, Jeff; University of Ottawa; jeffhoul@science.uottawa.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Power and Conflict in Adaptive Management: Analyzing the Discourse of Riparian Management on Public Lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arnold, Jennifer S; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida; jsarnold@ufl.edu; Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka; School of Human Development and Organizational Studies, University of Florida ; mirka@ufl.edu; Bartels, Wendy-Lin; Florida Climate Institute, University of Florida; wendylin@ufl.edu.
Adaptive collaborative management emphasizes stakeholder engagement as a crucial component of resilient social-ecological systems. Collaboration among diverse stakeholders is expected to enhance learning, build social legitimacy for decision making, and establish relationships that support learning and adaptation in the long term. However, simply bringing together diverse stakeholders does not guarantee productive engagement. Using critical discourse analysis, we examined how diverse stakeholders negotiated knowledge and power in a workshop designed to inform adaptive management of riparian livestock grazing on a National Forest in the southwestern USA. Publicly recognized as a successful component of a larger collaborative effort, we found that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Conflict; Critical discourse analysis; Dialogue; Facilitation; Livestock grazing; Public participation; Riparian management  social learning  stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2012

Perceptions of shellfish aquaculture in British Columbia and implications for well-being in marine social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: D'Anna, Linda M; Vancouver Island University, Institute for Coastal Research; lmdanna@gmail.com; Murray, Grant D; Vancouver Island University, Institute for Coastal Research; grant.murray@viu.ca.
Shellfish aquaculture is often positioned as an adaptive alternative to traditional resource industries, but the social and cultural effects of expanding production on coastal/marine social-ecological systems are unclear. Reporting on a multimethods study, we present perceptions about shellfish aquaculture collected through interviews, participant-employed photography, and a household survey in British Columbia, Canada. With an approach focused on local preferences for social-ecological conditions and the ways in which those conditions may be enhanced or diminished, we indicate that perceptions of the effects of aquaculture on the environment, economy, and lived experience are composed of both objective and subjective components. Interview responses and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal communities; Marine; Shellfish aquaculture; Social-ecological systems; Well-being.
Ano: 2015

Balancing Development and Conservation? An Assessment of Livelihood and Environmental Outcomes of Nontimber Forest Product Trade in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kusters, Koen; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); k.kusters@cgiar.org; Achdiawan, Ramadhani; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); r.achdiawan@cgiar.org; Belcher, Brian; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.belcher@cgiar.org.
This article addresses the question, to what extent and under which conditions nontimber forest product (NTFP) trade leads to both livelihood improvement and forest conservation. We based the analysis on a standardized expert-judgment assessment of the livelihood and environmental outcomes of 55 cases of NTFP trade from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The results show that NTFP trade benefits several components of peoples' livelihoods, but may increase inequality between households. Involvement of women in the production-to-consumption system (PCS) tends to have a positive impact on intrahousehold equity. In 80% of the cases, the commercial production of NTFPs does not enable people to make financial investments to increase quality and quantity of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Assessment; Conservation; Development; Environmental outcomes; Forest use; Livelihoods; Livelihood outcomes; Nontimber forest products; Trade.
Ano: 2006

Resilience to Surprises through Communicative Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Goldstein, Bruce Evan; Department of Planning and Design, University of Colorado, Denver; brugomail@yahoo.com.
Resilience thinkers share an interest in collaborative deliberation with communicative planners, who aim to accommodate different forms of knowledge and styles of reasoning to promote social learning and yield creative and equitable agreements. Members of both fields attended a symposium at Virginia Tech in late 2008, where communicative planners considered how social&amp;#8211;ecological resilience informed new possibilities for planning practice beyond disaster mitigation and response. In turn, communicative planners offered resilience scholars ideas about how collaboration could accomplish more than enhance rational decision making of the commons. Through these exchanges, the symposium fostered ideas about collaborative governance and the critical role...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Communicative planning; Resilience; Surprises.
Ano: 2009

Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marschke, Melissa J; York University; marschke@yorku.ca; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Livelihoods in Cambodian fishing communities are complex and dynamic. Fluctuations in resource abundance, seasonal cycles of resource use, and changes in access create conditions that bring challenges for rural households, as do economic and policy drivers. Nonetheless, people are continuously &amp;#8220;doing something&amp;#8221; in response to these stresses and shocks. This paper sets out to explore how households and community members attempt to mitigate against such challenges. The analysis of livelihood stresses and shocks in two Cambodian fishing villages shows that diversification is a commonly used strategy for coping and adapting. Analyzing responses at multiple scales, with emphasis on resilience-building strategies at household and community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cambodia; Diversification; Livelihood; Resilience; Scale; Uncertainty; Well-being.
Ano: 2006

Anticipatory Learning for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tschakert, Petra; Department of Geography; Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), Pennsylvania State University; petra@psu.edu; Dietrich, Kathleen Ann; Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University; kad984@psu.edu.
This paper is a methodological contribution to emerging debates on the role of learning, particularly forward-looking (anticipatory) learning, as a key element for adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change. First, we describe two major challenges: understanding adaptation as a process and recognizing the inadequacy of existing learning tools, with a specific focus on high poverty contexts and complex livelihood-vulnerability risks. Then, the article examines learning processes from a dynamic systems perspective, comparing theoretical aspects and conceptual advances in resilience thinking and action research/learning (AR/AL). Particular attention is paid to learning loops (cycles), critical reflection, spaces for learning, and power....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anticipatory capacity; Action research/learning; Climatic uncertainty; Iterative learning; Reflection; Learning spaces; Scenarios; Development.
Ano: 2010

The Implications of Global Priorities for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Associated with Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pyke, Christopher R.; National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; cpyke@ctgenergetics.com.
Map-based prioritization systems have become ubiquitous tools for allocating resources for biological conservation. Although the scientific basis for these systems continues to be debated, they have become a significant factor in international conservation. A recent study found that published conservation priorities are associated with over one third of conservation spending by major international nongovernmental organizations totaling over $1.5 X 109 in 2002 alone. The growing influence of these systems on the allocation of resources for conservation underscores the need to understand their ecological and environmental implications. This paper addresses the role of global priorities in contributing to the future of land protection by considering three key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Hotspots; Land use; Priority areas; Protected areas; Systematic conservation planning  reserve design.
Ano: 2007

Cost-effective Sampling Design Applied to Large-scale Monitoring of Boreal Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carlson, Matthew; University of Alberta; mjc@ualberta.ca; Schmiegelow, Fiona; University of Alberta; Fiona.schmiegelow@ualberta.ca.
Despite their important roles in biodiversity conservation, large-scale ecological monitoring programs are scarce, in large part due to the difficulty of achieving an effective design under fiscal constraints. Using long-term avian monitoring in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada as an example, we present a methodology that uses power analysis, statistical modeling, and partial derivatives to identify cost-effective sampling strategies for ecological monitoring programs. Empirical parameter estimates were used in simulations that estimated the power of sampling designs to detect trend in a variety of species&amp;#8217; populations and community metrics. The ability to detect trend with increased sample effort depended on the monitoring target&amp;#8217;s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Allocation of sample effort; Boreal birds; Community metrics; Cost-effective sample design; Forest bird populations; Long-term monitoring; Partial derivatives; Power analysis; Sample error; Temporal and spatial variation; Trend detection.
Ano: 2002

Advocacy coalitions, REDD+, and forest governance in Papua New Guinea: how likely is transformational change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Babon, Andrea; Charles Darwin University; Center for International Forestry Research; andrea.babon@students.cdu.edu.au; McIntyre, Daniel; Center for International Forestry Research; danthabard@gmail.com; Gowae, Gae Y.; University of Papua New Guinea; gygowae@gmail.com; Gallemore, Caleb; Northeastern Illinois University; Center for International Forestry Research; caleb.gallemore@gmail.com; Carmenta, Rachel; Center for International Forestry Research; r.carmenta@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment; Center for International Forestry Research; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org.
Tropical forests in developing countries are increasingly being valued for their role in carbon sequestration. Such interest is reflected in the emergence of international initiatives for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). REDD+ requires addressing both tropical forests as complex social-ecological systems and the multiple sectors involved in tropical forest resources, which may necessitate transformational change away from business-as-usual approaches to forest governance. We studied the potential for REDD+ to mobilize an influential coalition of actors promoting transformational change in forest governance in Papua New Guinea (PNG), a leading proponent of REDD+ internationally. Combining policy network approaches with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Advocacy coalition framework; Advocacy coalitions; Forest governance; Papua New Guinea; REDD+; Transformational change.
Ano: 2014

Feedback Loops Added to Four Conceptual Models Linking Land Change with Driving Forces and Actors
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Lusiana, Betha; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia; Institute for Plant Production in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Germany; B.Lusiana@cgiar.org; Villamor, Grace;  World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia ; Centre for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany; grace.villamor@gmail.com; Purnomo, Herry; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia; H.Purnomo@cgiar.org; Dewi, Sonya; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia; S.Dewi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Ano: 2011

Continuity and Change in Social-ecological Systems: the Role of Institutional Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute for Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de.
In recent years recurring political, economic, and environmental crises require questioning and re-evaluating dominant pathways of human development. However, political and economic frameworks seem to encompass deeply rooted resistance to fundamental changes (e.g., global financial crisis, climate change negotiations). In an effort to repair the system as fast as possible, those paradigms, mechanisms, and structures that led into the crisis are perpetuated. Instead of preserving conventional patterns and focusing on continuity, crises could be used as an opportunity for learning, adapting, and entering onto more sustainable pathways. However, there are different ways not only of arguing for sustainable pathways of development but also of conceptualizing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Institutions; Persistence; Resilience; Transformation; Water governance.
Ano: 2012

Resilience and Vulnerability: Complementary or Conflicting Concepts?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Fiona; Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne; millerf@unimelb.edu.au; Osbahr, Henny; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development and the Walker Institute for Climate Systems Research, University of Reading; h.osbahr@reading.ac.uk; Boyd, Emily; Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; e.boyd@leeds.ac.uk; Bharwani, Sukaina; Stockholm Environment Institute (Oxford); sukaina.bharwani@sei.se; Ziervogel, Gina; Stockholm Environment Institute (Oxford); Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG), University of Cape Town; gina@egs.uct.ac.za; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Australia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; van der Leeuw, Sander; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu; Hinkel, Jochen ; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; hinkel@pik-potsdam.de; Downing, Tom; Stockholm Environment Institute (Oxford); tomdowning.sei@gmail.com; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Nelson, Donald; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; dnelson@uga.edu.
Resilience and vulnerability represent two related yet different approaches to understanding the response of systems and actors to change; to shocks and surprises, as well as slow creeping changes. Their respective origins in ecological and social theory largely explain the continuing differences in approach to social-ecological dimensions of change. However, there are many areas of strong convergence. This paper explores the emerging linkages and complementarities between the concepts of resilience and vulnerability to identify areas of synergy. We do this with regard to theory, methodology, and application. The paper seeks to go beyond just recognizing the complementarities between the two approaches to demonstrate how researchers are actively engaging...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hazards; Interdisciplinarity; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2010

Biological Diversity and Resilience: Lessons from the Recovery of Cichlid Species in Lake Victoria
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Awiti, Alex O; The Aga Khan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences (East Africa); aawiti@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Eutrophication; Lake Victoria; Nile perch; Recovery of haplochromine cichlids; Resilience; Response diversity.
Ano: 2011

Educating for resilience in the North: building a toolbox for teachers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spellman, Katie V.; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; katie.spellman@alaska.edu.
Communities at far northern latitudes must respond rapidly to the many complex problems that are arising from changing climate. An emerging body of theoretical and empirical work has explored the role that education plays in enhancing the resilience and adaptability of social-ecological systems. To foster effective, local, and timely responses of high-latitude communities to climate-driven social-ecological change, educators need access to successful and efficient teaching tools to foster resilience-promoting feedbacks. The potential for existing teaching practices to address this need, however, must be investigated and communicated to teachers. Here, I review the education and sustainability science literature for attributes of resilience to which formal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Citizen science; Human capital; Metacognition; Pedagogy; Scenarios thinking; Sense of place; Social capital; Social-ecological resilience; Systems thinking.
Ano: 2015

When death approaches: reverting or exploiting emergent inequity in a complex land-use table-board game
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Smith, James A.; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Mexico ; nitac14b@yahoo.com.
The lives of poor landowners in tropical mountains depend upon their collective capacity to create and coordinate social preferences derived from their interacting communalistic, hierarchical, and reciprocal exchanges. External actors currently contend for these territories under market rules that are modifying such preferences. We present the design, experimental implementation, and analysis of results of a four-player, land-use board game with stark resource and livelihood limits and coordination/cooperation challenges, as played (separately) by 116 farmers and 108 academics, mainly in the tropical mountains of Chiapas, Mexico. In game session one, we trained and framed players in moral economy, a human core feeling and communalistic norm of solidarity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Inequity; Mexico; Payments for ecosystem services; Role-playing games; Rural land use  social-ecological experiments; Social preferences; Tropical mountains.
Ano: 2015

Modeling Land-Use Decision Behavior with Bayesian Belief Networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aalders, Inge; Macaulay Institute; j.morrice@macaulay.ac.uk.
The ability to incorporate and manage the different drivers of land-use change in a modeling process is one of the key challenges because they are complex and are both quantitative and qualitative in nature. This paper uses Bayesian belief networks (BBN) to incorporate characteristics of land managers in the modeling process and to enhance our understanding of land-use change based on the limited and disparate sources of information. One of the two models based on spatial data represented land managers in the form of a quantitative variable, the area of individual holdings, whereas the other model included qualitative data from a survey of land managers.    Random samples from the spatial data provided evidence of the relationship between the different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Land cover; Land use.
Ano: 2008

Building ties: social capital network analysis of a forest community in a biosphere reserve in Chiapas, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dahringer, Guillaume; Pronatura-Sur A.C.; dahringer@pronatura-sur.org; Reyes, Felipe; Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas; felipe.reyes@unicach.mx.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Community forest management; Ejido; Mexico; Social capital; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2012

Comparing Sustainable Forest Management Certifications Standards: A Meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clark, Michael  Rawson; University of Alberta; mrc4@ualberta.ca; Kozar, Joelyn Sarrah; Campus Sustainability Coalition; kozar@ualberta.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Ano: 2011

The role of social learning for social-ecological systems in Korean village groves restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lee, Eunju; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; el372@cornell.edu; Krasny, Marianne E.; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu.
Recently, social learning has been recognized as a means to foster adaptation to changing conditions, and more broadly, social-ecological systems resilience. However, the discussion of social learning and social-ecological resilience in different cultural contexts is limited. In this study we introduce the Korean Village Groves Restoration Project (VGRP) through the lens of social learning, and discuss implications of the VGRP for resilience in villages impacted by industrialization and decline of traditional forest resources. We conducted open-ended interviews with VGRP leaders, government and NGO officials, and residents in four villages in South Korea, and found that villages responded to ecosystem change in ways that could be explained by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Korean village groves; Multiple loop learning; Natural resource management; Social-ecological resilience; Social learning.
Ano: 2015

A boundary-spanning organization for transdisciplinary science on land stewardship: The Stewardship Network
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fischer, A. Paige; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; apfisch@umich.edu.
Although people and organizations in the Great Lakes region, USA take seriously their role as stewards of natural resources, many lack capacity to fulfill that role in a meaningful way. Stepping into that gap, The Stewardship Network (TSN) envisions &amp;#8220;a world of empowered, connected communities caring for land and water, now and forever,&amp;#8221; and fulfills that vision through its mission to &amp;#8220;connect, equip, and mobilize people and organizations to care for land and water in their communities.&amp;#8221; TSN uses a scalable model of linked local and regional capacity building, science communication, civic engagement, and on-the-ground stewardship activities to achieve these goals. The model engages local and regional groups in an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Great Lakes; Restoration; Social learning; Stewardship.
Ano: 2015

Biodiversity Conservation in Southeast Asian Timber Concessions: a Critical Evaluation of Policy Mechanisms and Guidelines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dennis, Rona A; Center for International Forestry Research; rdennis@hn.ozemail.com.au; Meijaard, Erik; The Nature Conservancy; Australian National University; emeijaard@TNC.ORG; Gustafsson, Lena; Swedish University of Agricultural Science; Lena.Gustafsson@nvb.slu.se.
Tropical deforestation is leading to a loss of economically productive timber concessions, as well as areas with important environmental or socio-cultural values. To counteract this threat in Southeast Asia, sustainable forest management (SFM) practices are becoming increasingly important. We assess the tools and guidelines that have been developed to promote SFM and the progress that has been made in Southeast Asia toward better logging practices. We specifically focus on practices relevant to biodiversity issues. Various regional or national mechanisms now inform governments and the timber industry about methods to reduce the impact of production forestry on wildlife and the forest environment. However, so many guidelines have been produced that it has...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Certification; Logging  Southeast Asia; Sustainable forest management; Timber production.
Ano: 2008

Of Fish and Fishermen: Shifting Societal Baselines to Reduce Environmental Harm in Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lam, Mimi E; University of British Columbia, Fisheries Centre, Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries; University of New Mexico, Department of Biology; mimibethlam@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Collaborative fisheries governance; Common heritage of mankind principle; Conservation; Disincentives to overcapitalize and overfish; Ecological damage; Environmental ethics; Environmental protection; Fishing harm; Harm principle; Law of nuisance; Marine stewardship; Precautionary principle; Public trust doctrine; Sustainable fisheries.
Ano: 2012

Indigenous Participation in Intercultural Education: Learning from Mexico and Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Burford, Gemma; University of Brighton; Aang Serian (House of Peace); G.L.Burford@brighton.ac.uk; Kissmann, Susanne; Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo; suskiss@cruzio.com; Rosado-May, Francisco J.; Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo; fjrmay@hotmail.com; Alvarado Dzul, Santos H.; Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo;; Harder, Marie K.; University of Brighton; Fudan University; M.K.Harder@brighton.ac.uk.
Intercultural education seeks to create a forum for integrating Western scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge to address local and global challenges such as biocultural diversity conservation, natural resource management, and social justice for indigenous peoples. Intercultural education is based on learning together with, rather than learning about or from, indigenous communities. In the best examples, problem-based learning dissolves the dichotomy between indigenous and nonindigenous, resulting in full partnerships in which participants share expertise to meet mutual needs. With reference to literature and two illustrative examples of intercultural education initiatives in Mexico and Tanzania, we present an original conceptual framework for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community engagement; Community-university partnerships; Indigenous knowledge; Intercultural education; Participation.
Ano: 2012

Boundary object or bridging concept? A citation network analysis of resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baggio, Jacopo A; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; jbaggio@asu.edu; Brown, Katrina; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter; katrina.brown@exeter.ac.uk; Hellebrandt, Denis; School of International Development, University of East Anglia; d.hellebrandt@uea.ac.uk.
Many recent studies observe the increasing importance, influence, and analysis of resilience as a concept to understand the capacity of a system or individual to respond to change. The term has achieved prominence in diverse scientific fields, as well as public discourse and policy arenas. As a result, resilience has been referred to as a boundary object or a bridging concept that is able to facilitate communication and understanding across disciplines, coordinate groups of actors or stakeholders, and build consensus around particular policy issues. We present a network analysis of bibliometric data to understand the extent to which resilience can be considered as a boundary object or a bridging concept in terms of its links across disciplines and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bibliometric analysis; Boundary object; Bridging; Citation; Interdisciplinarity; Network; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

Resource Transitions and Energy Gain: Contexts of Organization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tainter, Joseph A; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; jtainter@fs.fed.us; Allen, T. F. H.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; tfallen@facstaff.wisc.edu; Little, Amanda; University of Wisconsin-Madison; amlittle@students.wisc.edu; Hoekstra, Thomas W; USDA Forest Service, Inventory  and  Monitoring Institute; thoekstra@fs.fed.us.
Energy gain constrains resource use, social organization, and landscape organization in human and other living systems. Changes in energy gain have common characteristics across living systems. We describe these commonalities in selected case studies involving imperial taxation, fungus-farming ants, and North American beaver, and propose a suite of hypotheses for the organization of systems that subsist on different levels of energy gain. Organizational constraints arising from energy gain predict changes to settlement and organization in postcarbon societies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Roman Empire; Beaver; Complexity; Energy; Energy gain; Fungus-farming ants; Leaf-cutting ants; Living systems; Organization; Renewable resources; Resources; Solar energy.
Ano: 2003

Hof, J. G., and M. Bevers. 2002. Spatial Optimization in Ecological Applications.    Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Michael; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; mamcca@unimelb.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

The relationship between ecological restoration and the ecosystem services concept
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alexander, Sasha; University of Western Australia; sashaalexander108@gmail.com; Aronson, James; Restoration Ecology Group, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS-UMR 5175); Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden; ja42014@gmail.com; Whaley, Oliver; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; o.whaley@kew.org; Lamb, David; School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland; david.lamb@uq.edu.au.
Ecological restoration and the mainstreaming of the concept of ecosystem services will be critical if global society is to move toward sustainability. Conference of the Parties 21 (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and COP12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity should help foster support for vastly increased investment in the better management and restoration of natural capital. Large-scale restoration demonstrably improves ecological functioning to sustain both biodiversity and human well-being. However, much progress is needed to improve the effectiveness and cost efficiency of any restoration. The ecosystem services concept provides a framework for identifying the types of restorative interventions needed to target...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecosystem services; Land degradation; Land use; Large-scale ecological restoration; Restoring natural capital  rural communities  sustainable development.
Ano: 2016

Pluralism, Resilience, and the Ecology of Survival: Case Studies from the Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kassam, Karim-Aly S; Department of Natural Resources and the American Indian Program, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Cornell University ; ksk28@cornell.edu.
As resilience is observed under circumstances of systemic stress, the various ecological zones of the Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan and the cultural diversity contained within this milieu provide an appropriate setting from which to ask "How can a dynamic concept of pluralism inform adaptation, survival, and resilience in the face of dramatic socio-cultural and environmental change?" This paper asserts that understanding of resilience in coupled socio-cultural and ecological systems is enhanced by the concept of pluralism. The idea of ecological niche is enriched by sensitivity to culture, religion, ethnicity, lifestyle, and habitat. Facilitative relations between the ethnically diverse Kyrgyz and Wakhi, as well as the Pashtu and Shugni, contribute to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Afghanistan; Arab Pashtu; Coupled systems; Human ecology; Kyrgyz; Pluralism; Pamir Mountains; Resilience; Shugni; Wakhi.
Ano: 2010

Policymakers&amp;#8217; Reflections on Water Governance Issues
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gupta, Joyeeta; ; j.gupta@uva.nl; Akhmouch, Aziza; ;; Cosgrove, William ; ;; Hurwitz, Zachary ; ;; Maestu, Josefina ; ;.
The two cultures theory argues that policy makers and scientists have different cultures and difficulty in communicating with each other. Others argue that there is increasing co-production of knowledge. This essay aims to assess the concerns of policy makers based on our policy work, policy-related research work, and our day-to-day experiences in terms of three questions: What are the perceived major issues for water governance? What are the major challenges in the structure of the existing global water governance approach? What is the vision for improving global water governance? This essay combines views from governmental, hybrid, inter- and non-governmental policy makers. It argues that water covers so many issues, aspects, and sectors that a key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Coordination mechanism; Drivers; Global governance; Global water governance; Outside water box; World water scenarios.
Ano: 2013

Pimp Your Landscape - a Generic Approach for Integrating Regional Stakeholder Needs into Land Use Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pietzsch, Katrin; PISOLUTION Pietzsch IT Service; kp@pisolution.de; Ende, Hans-Peter; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); pende@zalf.de; Makeschin, Franz; Dresden University of Technology, Institute for Soil Science and Site Ecology; makeschin@t-online.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Evaluation of land use pattern changes; Generic approach; Land use management support; Rule setting options; Spatial planning; User requirements analysis; Visualization of land use pattern changes.
Ano: 2010

Resilience, Regime Shifts, and Guided Transition under Climate Change: Examining the Practical Difficulties of Managing Continually Changing Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lin, Brenda B; CSIRO, Climate Adaptation Flagship; brenda.lin@csiro.au; Petersen, Brian; Michigan State University W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; petersenbri@gmail.com.
Managing terrestrial systems has become increasingly difficult under climate change as unidirectional shifts in climate conditions challenge the resilience of ecosystems to maintain their compositional structure and function. Despite the increased attention of resilience management to guide transformational change, questions remain as to how to apply resilience to manage transitions. Rather than pushing systems across thresholds into alternative states, climate change may create a stepwise progression of unknown transitional states that track changing climate conditions. Because of this uncertainty, we must find ways to guide transitioning systems across climate boundaries towards states that are socially and environmentally desirable. We propose to ease...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem function; Ecosystem structure; Resilience management; Species composition; Unidirectional shifts.
Ano: 2013

The power problematic: exploring the uncertain terrains of political ecology and the resilience framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ingalls, Micah L; Poverty-Environment Initiative, United Nations Development Programme; Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mli6@cornell.edu; Stedman, Richard C; Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; rcs6@cornell.edu.
Significant and growing concerns relating to global social and environmental conditions and processes have raised deep questions relating to the ability of traditional governance regimes to manage for the complexities of social-ecological systems. The resilience framework provides a more dynamic approach to system analysis and management, emphasizing nonlinearity, feedbacks, and multiscalar engagement along the social-ecological nexus. In recent years, however, a number of scholars and practitioners have noted various insufficiencies in the formulation of the resilience framework, including its lack of engagement with the dimensions of power within social-ecological systems, which blunt the analytical potential of resilience and run the risk of undermining...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Political ecology; Power; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016

Sustainability for the Planet: A Marketing Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whiteman, Gail; Queen's University; whiteman@nsi-ins.ca.
This perspective presents a case for environmental scientists to mobilize their communication efforts and to develop a systematic approach to marketing scientific knowledge to a range of key target audiences. Examples of environmental marketing are presented, and a call to action is presented in the spirit of discussion.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Marketing sustainability; Perspective.
Ano: 1999

Community perceptions of collaborative processes for managing freshwater resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sinner, Jim; Cawthron Institute; jim.sinner@cawthron.org.nz; Brown, Philip; Landcare Research; brownp@landcareresearch.co.nz; Newton, Mark; Cawthron Institute; mark.newton@cawthron.org.nz.
Six of New Zealand&amp;#8217;s 16 regional councils are trialling collaborative planning as a means of addressing complex challenges in freshwater management. Although some work has been undertaken to evaluate similarities and differences across those processes, the success or failure rests with the public&amp;#8217;s acceptance of the processes and their outcomes. This is the first study to evaluate public perceptions of freshwater management in regions with collaborative processes.  We surveyed 450 respondents in Hawke&amp;#8217;s Bay, Northland, and Waikato, some of whom live in catchments in which collaborative processes are under way and some of whom do not. In addition to assessing awareness of the collaborative planning processes, the survey...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environment; Local government; Natural resources; New Zealand; Public perceptions.
Ano: 2016

Reasoning without Data, Default Assumptions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tillotson, Michael; ; miket@mr.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fujii, Koichi; university; fujiiko@sakura.cc.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Migrations Between Villages: Incidents or Significant Drivers of Swidden Agriculture Changes?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Couvet, Denis; UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC; couvet@mnhn.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Governance; Migration; Reciprocity; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

How game changers catalyzed, disrupted, and incentivized social innovation: three historical cases of nature conservation, assimilation, and women&amp;#8217;s rights
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Westley, Frances R.; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; School for Environment, Enterprise and Development, University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; McGowan, Katharine A.; Bissett School of Business, Mount Royal College, Calgary, Alberta; kmcgowan@mtroyal.ca; Antadze, Nino; Department of Environmental Studies, Bucknell University; na011@bucknell.edu; Blacklock, Jaclyn; University of Waterloo; jblacklo@uwaterloo.ca; Tjornbo, Ola; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; ola.tjornbo@gmail.com.
We explore the impact of &amp;#8220;game changers&amp;#8221; on the dynamics of innovation over time in three problem domains,  that of wilderness protection, women&amp;#8217;s rights, and assimilation of indigenous children in Canada. Taking a specifically historical and cross-scale approach, we look at one social innovation in each problem domain.  We explore the origins and history of the development of the National Parks in the USA, the legalization of contraception in the USA and Canada, and the residential school system in Canada.  Based on a comparison of these cases, we identify three kinds of game changers, those that catalyze social innovation, which we define as &amp;#8220;seminal,&amp;#8221; those that disrupt the continuity of social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Game changers; Innovation; North America; Social innovation; Transformative change.
Ano: 2016

Disturbance, Response, and Persistence in Self-Organized Forested Communities:   Analysis of Robustness and Resilience in Five Communities in Southern Indiana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fleischman, Forrest D.; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; fleischf@indiana.edu; Boenning, Kinga; Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO); k.boenning@googlemail.com; Garcia-Lopez, Gustavo A; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; ggarcial@indiana.edu; Mincey, Sarah; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; skmincey@indiana.edu; Schmitt-Harsh, Mikaela; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; Schmittm@indiana.edu; Lopez, Maria Claudia; Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Universidad Javeriana; mclopezperez@gmail.com; Basurto, Xavier; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University; xavier.basurto@duke.edu; Fischer, Burney; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; bufische@indiana.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
We develop an analytic framework for the analysis of robustness in social-ecological systems (SESs) over time. We argue that social robustness is affected by the disturbances that communities face and the way they respond to them. Using Ostrom's ontological framework for SESs, we classify the major factors influencing the disturbances and responses faced by five Indiana intentional communities over a 15-year time frame. Our empirical results indicate that operational and collective-choice rules, leadership and entrepreneurship, monitoring and sanctioning, economic values, number of users, and norms/social capital are key variables that need to be at the core of future theoretical work on robustness of self-organized systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbance; Intentional communities; Response; Robustness; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2010

People, Power, and the Coast: a Conceptual Framework for Understanding and Implementing Benefit Sharing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wynberg, Rachel; Environmental Evaluation Unit, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town; rachel.wynberg@uct.ac.za; Hauck, Maria; Environmental Evaluation Unit, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town; MHauck4@gmail.com.
The concept of benefit sharing has seen growing adoption in recent years by a variety of sectors. However, its conceptual underpinnings, definitions, and framework remain poorly articulated and developed. We aim to help address this gap by presenting a new conceptual approach for enhancing understanding about benefit sharing and its implementation. We use the coast as a lens through which the analysis is framed because of the intricate governance challenges which coastal social&amp;#8211;ecological systems present, the increasing development and exploitation pressures on these systems, and the growing need to improve understanding about the way in which greater equity and reduced inequalities could reduce conflicts, protect coastal ecosystems, and ensure...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coastal communities; Governance; Inequality; Power.
Ano: 2014

The Role of Old-growth Forests in Frequent-fire Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Binkley, Daniel; Colorado Forest Restoration Institute; Binkley@WarnerCNR.colostate.edu; Sisk, Tom; Northern Arizona University, Environmental Sciences; ForestERA; Thomas.Sisk@nau.edu; Chambers, Carol; Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry; Carol.Chambers@nau.edu; Springer, Judy; Ecological Restoration Institute; judith.springer@nau.edu; Block, William; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; wblock@fs.fed.us.
Classic ecological concepts and forestry language regarding old growth are not well suited to frequent-fire landscapes. In frequent-fire, old-growth landscapes, there is a symbiotic relationship between the trees, the understory graminoids, and fire that results in a healthy ecosystem. Patches of old growth interspersed with younger growth and open, grassy areas provide a wide variety of habitats for animals, and have a higher level of biodiversity. Fire suppression is detrimental to these forests, and eventually destroys all old growth. The reintroduction of fire into degraded frequent-fire, old-growth forests, accompanied by appropriate thinning, can restore a balance to these ecosystems. Several areas require further research and study: 1) the ability...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecological processes; Evolutionary adaptations; Historic range of variation (HRV); Human values; Knowledge gaps; Resilience; Understory vegetation.
Ano: 2007

Coupled human and natural system dynamics as key to the sustainability of Lake Victoria&amp;#8217;s ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Downing, Andrea S.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen  University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands ; andrea.downing@su.se; van Nes, Egbert H.; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen  University, Netherlands ; Egbert.vannes@wur.nl; Balirwa, John S.; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda; jbalirwa@yahoo.com; Beuving, Joost; Department of Cultural Anthropology and Development Studies, Faculty of   Social Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ; joostbeuving@gmail.com; Bwathondi, P.O.J.; University of Dar es Salaam, College of Natural and Applied Sciences,   Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ; bwathondi@yahoo.co.uk; Chapman, Lauren J.; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; lauren.chapman@mcgill.ca; Cornelissen, Ilse J. M.; Aquaculture &amp; Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; ilsecornelissen@hotmail.com; Cowx, Iain G.; Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, United Kingdom; I.G.Cowx@hull.ac.uk; Goudswaard, Kees P. C.; Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen University, Yerseke, Netherlands; kees.goudswaard@wur.nl; Hecky, Robert E.; Biology Department and Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota-Duluth, USA; rehecky@gmail.com; Janse, Jan H.; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Bilthoven, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; JH.Janse@rivm.nl; Janssen, Annette B. G.; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen  University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; A.Janssen@nioo.knaw.nl; Kaufman, Les; Boston University Marine Program, Biology Department, Boston University, USA ; lesk@bu.edu; Kishe-Machumu, Mary A.; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; mkishe@yahoo.com; Kolding, Jeppe; Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Norway; jeppe.kolding@bio.uib.no; Ligtvoet, Willem; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), The Hague, Netherlands; Willem.Ligtvoet@pbl.nl; Mbabazi, Dismas; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda; mbabazidismas@yahoo.com; Medard, Modesta; Department of Sociology of Development and Change. Social Science Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands ; modesta.medard@wur.nl; Mkumbo, Oliva C.; Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation, Jinja, Uganda; ocmkumbo@lvfo.org; Mlaponi, Enock; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Mwanza, Tanzania; emlaponi@yahoo.com; Munyaho, Antony T.; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda; ataabum@yahoo.com; Nagelkerke, Leopold A. J.; Aquaculture &amp; Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; leo.nagelkerke@wur.nl; Ogutu-Ohwayo, Richard; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda; ogutuohwayo@yahoo.com; Ojwang, William O.; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Kisumu, Kenya; w_ojwang@yahoo.com; Peter, Happy K.; Aquaculture &amp; Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Happy.Peter@wur.nl; Schindler, Daniel E.; Aquatic &amp; Fishery Sciences/Department of Biology, University of Washington, USA; deschind@uw.edu; Seehausen, Ole; Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Ole.Seehausen@eawag.ch; Sharpe, Diana; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; diana.sharpe@gmail.com; Silsbe, Greg M.; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, Netherlands; Greg.Silsbe@nioz.nl; Sitoki, Lewis; The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Sitoki@hotmail.com; Tumwebaze, Rhoda; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda; t60rhoda@gmail.com; Tweddle, Denis; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa; D.Tweddle@saiab.ac.za; van de Wolfshaar, Karen E.; Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen University, Ijmuiden, Netherlands; karen.vandewolfshaar@wur.nl; van Dijk, Han; Department of Sociology of Development and Change. Social Science Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands ; han.vandijk@wur.nl; van Donk, Ellen; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; E.vandonk@nioo.knaw.nl; van Rijssel, Jacco C.; Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; j.c.van.rijssel@biology.leidenuniv.nl; van Zwieten, Paul A. M.; Aquaculture &amp; Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; paul.vanzwieten@wur.nl; Wanink, Jan; Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Netherlands; Koeman en Bijkerk bv, Ecological Research and Consultancy, Haren, Netherlands; j.h.wanink@koemanenbijkerk.nl; Witte, F.; Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands;; Mooij, Wolf M.; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen  University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands ; w.mooij@nioo.knaw.nl.
East Africa&amp;#8217;s Lake Victoria provides resources and services to millions of people on the lake&amp;#8217;s shores and abroad. In particular, the lake&amp;#8217;s fisheries are an important source of protein, employment, and international economic connections for the whole region. Nonetheless, stock dynamics are poorly understood and currently unpredictable. Furthermore, fishery dynamics are intricately connected to other supporting services of the lake as well as to lakeshore societies and economies. Much research has been carried out piecemeal on different aspects of Lake Victoria&amp;#8217;s system; e.g., societies, biodiversity, fisheries, and eutrophication. However, to disentangle drivers and dynamics of change in this complex system, we need...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Eutrophication; Feedbacks; Fisheries; Lake Victoria; Model; Multidisciplinary  social-ecological system; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

A Classification of Landscape Services to Support Local Landscape Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Van Eetvelde, Veerle; Ghent University, Department of Geography; veerle.vaneetvelde@UGent.be.
The ecosystem services approach has been proven successful to measure the contributions of nature and greenery to human well-being. Ecosystems have an effect on quality of life, but landscapes also, as a broader concept, may contribute to  people&amp;#8217;s well-being. The concept of landscape services, compared to ecosystem services, involves the social dimension of landscape and the spatial pattern resulting from both natural and human processes in the provision of benefits for human-well being. Our aim is to develop a classification for landscape services. The proposed typology of services is built on the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and on a critical review of existing literature on human well-being dimensions,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural services; Ecosystem services; Holism; Landscape services; Spatial pattern; Transdiciplinarity.
Ano: 2014

A Framework for Evaluating Land Use Planning Alternatives: Protecting Biodiversity on Private Land
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Theobald, David; Colorado State University/The Nature Conservancy; davet@nrel.colostate.edu; Hobbs, N. Thompson; Colorado State University/Colorado Division of Wildlife; nthobbs@nrel.colostate.edu.
Planning activities by local government often seek to identify areas of land that offer particularly high value for conserving biotic resources. Because private land is being developed rapidly, there is heightened concern about identifying these areas. Although general principles on setting priorities for habitat protection are emerging, substantial ambiguity remains about how to implement these principles. Here, we offer a general modeling framework for evaluating how planning alternatives could affect Critical Habitat. The framework contains four components: stakeholder involvement, spatial modeling of Critical Habitat and development patterns, analysis of alternative scenarios, and evaluation and monitoring. We illustrate this approach using a case...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative scenarios; Biodiversity; Build-out analysis; Critical habitat maps; Evaluation; Habitat protection; Local decision making; Monitoring; Private land use planning; Rural sprawl; Spatial modeling; Stakeholder involvement.
Ano: 2002

Examining Enabling Conditions for Community-Based Fisheries Comanagement: Comparing Efforts in Hawai&amp;#8216;i and American Samoa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levine, Arielle S.; San Diego State University; alevine@mail.sdsu.edu; Richmond, Laurie S.; Humboldt State University; laurie.richmond@humboldt.edu.
Much attention in global fisheries management has been directed toward increasing the involvement of local communities in managing marine resources. Although community-based fisheries comanagement has the potential to address resource conservation and societal needs, the success of these programs is by no means guaranteed, and many comanagement regimes have struggled. Although promising in theory, comanagement programs meet a variety of political, social, economic, ecological, and logistical challenges upon implementation. We have provided an analysis of two community-based fisheries comanagement initiatives: Hawai&amp;#8216;i&amp;#8217;s Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA) legislation and American Samoa&amp;#8217;s Community-Based Fisheries...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: American Samoa; Community-based management; Fisheries comanagement; Hawai&amp;#8216; I; Marine resource management; Traditional conservation methods.
Ano: 2014

Variability in Population Abundance is Associated with Thresholds between Scaling Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wardwell, Donald; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; don_wardwell@hotmail.com; Allen, Craig R; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; allencr@unl.edu.
Discontinuous structure in landscapes may result in discontinuous, aggregated species body-mass patterns, reflecting the scales of structure available to animal communities within a landscape. The edges of these body-mass aggregations reflect transitions between available scales of landscape structure. Such transitions, or scale breaks, are theoretically associated with increased biological variability. We hypothesized that variability in population abundance is greater in animal species near the edge of body-mass aggregations than it is in species that are situated in the interior of body-mass aggregations. We tested this hypothesis by examining both temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of species in the bird community of the Florida...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Body mass; Breeding Bird Survey; Everglades; Phase transition; Scale; Textural discontinuity hypothesis.
Ano: 2009

Constructing Consistent Multiscale Scenarios by Transdisciplinary Processes: the Case of Mountain Regions Facing Global Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brand, Fridolin Simon; Natural and Social Science Interface, Institute for Environmental Decisions, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; fridolin.brand@env.ethz.ch; Seidl, Roman; Natural and Social Science Interface; Institute for Environmental Decisions; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Le, Quang Bao; Natural and Social Science Interface; Institute for Environmental Decisions; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; quang.le@env.ethz.ch; Scholz, Roland Werner; Natural and Social Science Interface; Institute for Environmental Decisions; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; roland.scholz@env.ethz.ch.
Alpine regions in Europe, in particular, face demanding local challenges, e.g., the decline in the agriculture and timber industries, and are also prone to global changes, such as in climate, with potentially severe impacts on tourism. We focus on the Visp region in the Upper Valais, Switzerland, and ask how the process of stakeholder involvement in research practice can contribute to a better understanding of the specific challenges and future development of mountainous regions under global change. Based on a coupled human-environment system (HES) perspective, we carried out a formative scenario analysis to develop a set of scenarios for the future directions of the Visp region. In addition, we linked these regional scenarios to context scenarios...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Global change; Human-environment systems; Mountain regions; Scenario analysis; Sustainability science; Switzerland; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2013

Winter Responses of Forest Birds to Habitat Corridors and Gaps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca; Hannon, Susan; University of Alberta; Sue.Hannon@ualberta.ca.
Forest fragmentation and habitat loss may disrupt the movement or dispersal of forest-dwelling birds. Despite much interest in the severity of these effects and ways of mitigating them, little is known about actual movement patterns in different habitat types. We studied the movement of wintering resident birds, lured by playbacks of mobbing calls, to compare the willingness of forest birds to travel various distances in continuous forest, along narrow corridors (fencerows), and across gaps in forest cover. We also quantified the willingness of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to cross gaps when alternative forested detour routes were available. All species were less likely to respond to the calls as distance increased to 200 m, although...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Black-capped Chickadee; Corridor; Detour trials; Dispersal; Downy Woodpecker; Forest fragmentation; Gap width; Hairy Woodpecker; Movement; Poecile atricapillus; Picoides pubescens; Picoides villosus; Sitta carolinensis; White-breasted Nuthatch.
Ano: 1998

Wild Bird Movements and Avian Influenza Risk Mapping in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za; Hockey, Philip A. R.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; phil.hockey@uct.ac.za; Bruinzeel, Leo W.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; lbruinze@adu.uct.ac.za; Du Plessis, Morne A.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; mornedup@vodamail.co.za.
Global analyses of the potential for avian influenza transmission by wild birds have ignored key characteristics of the southern African avifauna. Although southern Africa hosts a variety of migratory, Holarctic-breeding wading birds and shorebirds, the documented prevalence of avian influenza in these species is low. The primary natural carriers of influenza viruses in the northern hemisphere are the anatids, i.e., ducks. In contrast to Palearctic-breeding species, most southern African anatids do not undertake predictable annual migrations and do not follow migratory flyways. Here we present a simple, spatially explicit risk analysis for avian influenza transmission by wild ducks in southern Africa. We developed a risk value for each of 16 southern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anatidae; Avian influenza; Botswana; Ducks; Influenza; Landscape ecology; Namibia; Pathogen; South Africa; Virus; Waterfowl; Zimbabwe.
Ano: 2008

Cumulative Effects of Coastal Habitat Alterations on Fishery Resources: toward Prediction at Regional Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jordan, Stephen J; United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division; jordan.steve@epa.gov; Smith, Lisa M; United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division; smith.lisam@epa.gov; Nestlerode, Janet A; United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division; nestlerode.janet@epa.gov.
Coastal habitat alterations such as the loss of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) and hardening of shorelines could have cumulative effects on valuable fishery resources. To investigate this effect, we developed a multiscale modeling framework for blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Areal coverage of shoreline land cover and SAV for Mobile Bay, Alabama, were combined with information from small-scale biological studies and long-term, large-scale commercial fishery data to model the potential effects of marginal habitat losses on the blue crab fishery. We applied stochastic variation in annual recruitment to the fishery to estimate probabilities for sustainable harvests under scenarios of habitat loss. The simulations suggested...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; Fishery; Gulf of Mexico; Habitat; Population model.
Ano: 2009

Selling Conservation? Scientific Legitimacy and the Commodification of Conservation Tourism
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cousins, Jenny A; School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester; Jenny.Cousins@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk; Evans, James; School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester; jp.evans@manchester.ac.uk; Sadler, Jon; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham; j.p.sadler@bham.ac.uk.
Conservation tourism is a rapidly growing subsector of ecotourism that engages paying volunteers as active participants in conservation projects. Once the preserve of charities, the sector now hosts a proliferation of private companies seeking to make money by selling international conservation work to tourists as a commodity. The commodification of conservation depends upon balancing the scientific legitimacy of projects against the need to offer desirable tourist experiences. Drawing on interviews with UK tour operators and their counterparts in South Africa who run the conservation projects, we explore the transnational geography of commercial conservation tourism, charting how scientific legitimacy is constructed and negotiated within the industry....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commodification; Conservation science; Conservation tourism; Scientific legitimacy; South Africa; United Kingdom.
Ano: 2009

On Spatial Resolution in Habitat Models: Can Small-scale Forest Structure Explain Capercaillie Numbers?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Storch, Ilse; Wildlife Research and Management Unit, Technical University of Munich and Max Pl; ilse.storch@t-online.de.
This paper explores the effects of spatial resolution on the performance and applicability of habitat models in wildlife management and conservation. A Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) in the Bavarian Alps, Germany, is presented. The model was exclusively built on non-spatial, small-scale variables of forest structure and without any consideration of landscape patterns. The main goal was to assess whether a HSI model developed from small-scale habitat preferences can explain differences in population abundance at larger scales. To validate the model, habitat variables and indirect sign of Capercaillie use (such as feathers or feces) were mapped in six study areas based on a total of 2901 20 m radius (for habitat...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bavarian Alps  Capercaillie  forest structure  grouse  habitat assessment  habitat preferences  habitat structure and population density  Habitat Suitability Index Model  population density  spatial scale  Tetrao urogallus  wildlife&amp;#8211; Habitat relationships.
Ano: 2002

Gender Patterns in Bird-related Recreation in the USA and UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cooper, Caren B; Cornell University, USA; cbc25@cornell.edu; Smith, Jennifer A.; University of Birmingham, UK; JAS661@bham.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Birding; Bird-watching; Citizen science.
Ano: 2010

A Perspective on the Evolution of e-Dialogues Concerning Interdisciplinary Research on Sustainable Development in Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dale, Ann; Royal Roads University; ann.dale@royalroads.ca.
Sustainable development research is inherently interdisciplinary; it requires the conscious search for unifying concepts that foster and reinforce understanding across disciplines. In addition, the number of sectors and actors involved in potential solutions requires a multistakeholder approach to decision making. The challenge of sustainable development research increasingly presents itself as a problem-solving activity. It involves producing useful knowledge through applied research. It is normative and not value-free. It involves complex issues of polity and culture. Thus, sustainable development research needs novel methods for research, for bringing together expertise that crosses disciplines and sectors, and for informing policy development. It also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative inquiry; E-dialogue; Interdisciplinary research; Multistakeholder process; Research methods; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2005

Modeling Social-Ecological Feedback Effects in the Implementation of Payments for Environmental Services in Pasture-Woodlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Briner, Simon; ETH Zurich, Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science; briners@ethz.ch; Lauber, Stefan; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; stefan.lauber@wsl.ch; Seidl, Roman; ETH Zurich, Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Widmer, Alexander; ETH Zurich, Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; widmeale@env.ethz.ch; Le, Quang Bao; ETH Zurich, Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science; quang.le@env.ethz.ch; Hirschi, Christian; ETH Zurich, Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch.
An effective implementation of payment for environmental services (PES) must allow for complex interactions of coupled social-ecological systems. We present an integrative study of the pasture-woodland landscape of the Swiss Jura Mountains combining methods from natural and social sciences to explore feedback between vegetation dynamics on paddock level, farm-based decision making, and policy decisions on the national political level. Our modeling results show that concomitant climatic and socioeconomic changes advance the loss of open grassland in silvopastoral landscapes. This would, in the longer term, deteriorate the historical wooded pastures in the region, which fulfill important functions for biodiversity and are widely considered as landscapes that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Dynamic modeling; Feedback; Human-environment systems; Integrated study; Payments for environmental services; Policy network analysis.
Ano: 2013

Australian Pastoralists in Time and Space: The Evolution of a Complex Adaptive System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McAllister, Ryan R J; CSIRO; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Abel, Nick; CSIRO; nick.abel@csiro.au; Stokes, Chris J; CSIRO; chris.stokes@csiro.au; Gordon, Iain J; CSIRO; iain.gordon@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems science; Dalrymple Shire; Grazing systems; Rangelands; Semi-arid.
Ano: 2006

Long-term, Ecosystem-Scale Changes in the Southern Benguela Marine Pelagic Social-Ecological System: Interaction of Natural and Human Drivers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jarre, Astrid; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; ajarre@gmail.com; Ragaller, Sven M.; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; sven.ragaller@gmail.com; Hutchings, Laurence; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; larry.hutchings@gmail.com.
South Africa's small pelagics fishery is currently the largest in volume and second largest in value in the southern Benguela. It exploits short-lived, small pelagic fishes such as anchovy (for reduction into fish meal and oil) and sardine (for reduction as well as human consumption through canned products), and to a lesser extent redeye round herring and mesopelagics, largely for reduction.  We explore the recent history (1940s to present) of the social-ecological system around this fishery. The natural subsystem, at the scales of the ocean environment and the ecosystem, is characterized by high interannual and documented decadal-scale variability. We characterize the human social subsystem at the scales of the fishing industry, legislation, and west...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anchovy; Coastal communities; Inshore fishery; Marine social-ecological systems; Purse seining; Rock lobster; Small pelagic fishery; South Africa; Southern Benguela; Sardine.
Ano: 2013

Addressing Sustainability of Clam Farming in the Venice Lagoon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melaku Canu, Donata; National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics OGS; dcanu@inogs.it; Pastres, Roberto; Ca' Foscari University of Venice ; pastres@unive.it; Pizzo, Lara; University of Padova TeSAF Dept; lara.pizzo@unipd.it; Rossetto, Luca; University of Padova TeSAF Dept; luca.rossetto@unipd.it; Solidoro, Cosimo; National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics OGS; csolidoro@inogs.it.
The clam fishing and aquaculture system in the Venice Lagoon still appears insufficiently resilient to buffer external and internal perturbations, such as productivity fluctuations, unregulated fishing, and market related dynamics, despite the efforts of regional and local authorities to achieve the sustainable development. According to the System Approach Framework (SAF), based on previous studies and stakeholder interactions, we developed a model integrating ecological, social, and economic (ESE) aspects. We chose the aspects necessary to represent the essential dynamics of major ecological, social, and economic clam farming system components to project the consequences of implementing alternative management policies and to address the ecological and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Clam farming; Model integration; Social carrying capacity; System Approach Framework; Tapes philippinarum; Venice Lagoon.
Ano: 2011

Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nelson, Gerald C; University of Illinois; gnelson@uiuc.edu; Bennett, Elena; McGill University;; Berhe, Asmeret A; University of California at Berkeley;; Cassman, Kenneth; University of Nebraska;; DeFries, Ruth; University of Maryland;; Dietz, Thomas; Michigan State University;; Dobermann, Achim; University of Nebraska;; Dobson, Andrew; Princeton University;; Janetos, Anthony; Joint Global Change Research Institute;; Levy, Marc; Columbia University;; Nakicenovic, Nebojsa; Vienna University of Technology;; O'Neill,  Brian; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis;; Norgaard, Richard; University of California at Berkeley;; Petschel-Held, Gerhard; ;; Ojima, Dennis; Colorado State University;; Pingali, Prabhu; FAO;; Watson, Robert; World Bank;; Zurek, Monika; FAO;.
This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls &amp;#8220;indirect and direct drivers&amp;#8221; of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important direct drivers include changes in climate,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Drivers of change; Direct drivers; Indirect drivers; Demographic drivers; Economic drivers; Sociopolitical drivers; Cultural and religious drivers; Scientific and technological drivers; Physical and biological drivers; Climate change; Plant nutrient use; Land conversion; Diseases; Invasive species.
Ano: 2006

On sustainability of human ecological  niche construction
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Human health; Niche theory.
Ano: 2014

Access and Resilience: Analyzing the Construction of Social Resilience to the Threat of Water Scarcity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Langridge, Ruth; University of California, Santa Cruz; rlangrid@ucsc.edu; Christian-Smith, Juliet; University of California, Berkeley; jchristi2001@gmail.com; Lohse, Kathleen A.; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Kathleen.Lohse@asu.edu.
Resilience is a vital attribute that characterizes a system&amp;#8217;s capacity to cope with stress. Researchers have examined the measurement of resilience in ecosystems and in social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, and the comparative vulnerability of social groups. Our paper refocuses attention on the processes and relations that create social resilience. Our central proposition is that the creation of social resilience is linked to a community&amp;#8217;s ability to access critical resources. We explore this proposition through an analysis of how community resilience to the stress of water scarcity is influenced by historically contingent mechanisms to gain, control, and maintain access to water.  Access is defined broadly as the ability of a community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Access; Resilience; Vulnerability; Water.
Ano: 2006

After the Cap: Risk Assessment, Citizen Science and Disaster Recovery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCormick, Sabrina; George Washington University; sabmc@gwu.edu.
I used the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill to examine how crowdsourcing is used as a new form of citizen science that provides real time assessments of health-related exposures. Assessing risks of an oil spill, or disasters more generally, is a challenge complicated by the situated nature of knowledge-generation that results in differential perceptions and responses. These processes are critical in the case of the British Petroleum spill in the Gulf Coast since the identification of risks promises to have ramifications for multiple social actors, as well as the health status and long-term resilience of communities in the area. Qualitative interviews, ethnographic observations, and video data were collected with local social movement organizations,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Deepwater Horizon; Citizen science; Health; Oil spill.
Ano: 2012

Use of a Bayesian Belief Network to Predict the Impacts of Commercializing Non-timber Forest Products on Livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Marshall, Elaine; UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre; elaine.marshall@unep-wcmc.org; Schreckenberg, Kathrin; Overseas Development Institute; KSchreckenberg@odi.org.uk; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; dgoliche@sclc.ecosur.mx; te Velde, Dirk W; Overseas Development Institute; dwtevelde@odi.org.uk; Edouard, Fabrice; Methodus Consultora;; Arancibia, Erik; ;.
Commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has been widely promoted as a means of sustainably developing tropical forest resources, in a way that promotes forest conservation while supporting rural livelihoods. However, in practice, NTFP commercialization has often failed to deliver the expected benefits. Progress in analyzing the causes of such failure has been hindered by the lack of a suitable framework for the analysis of NTFP case studies, and by the lack of predictive theory. We address these needs by developing a probabilistic model based on a livelihood framework, enabling the impact of NTFP commercialization on livelihoods to be predicted. The framework considers five types of capital asset needed to support livelihoods: natural,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; NTFP; Sustainable development; Tropical forest.
Ano: 2006

A sustainability framework for assessing trade-offs in ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu; King, Elizabeth; Biological Sciences, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu.
Achieving sustainability, i.e., meeting the needs of current populations without compromising the needs of future generations, is the major challenge facing global society in the 21st century.  Navigating the inherent trade-offs between provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services, and doing so in a way that does not compromise natural capital needed to provide services in the future, is critical for sustainable resource management.  Here we build upon existing literature, primarily from economics and ecology, to present an analytical framework that integrates (1) the ecological mechanisms that underpin ecosystem services, (2) biophysical trade-offs and inherent limits that constrain management options, (3) preferences and values...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Dynamics; Ecosystem services; Efficiency frontier; Management constraints; Preferences; Stakeholders; Time lags; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Heezik, Yolanda M.; University of Otago; yolanda.vanheezik@otago.ac.nz; Freeman, Claire; University of Otago; cf@geography.otago.ac.nz; Porter, Stefan; University of Otago; nz_seti@hotmail.com; Dickinson, Katharine J. M.; University of Otago; kath.dickinson@botany.otago.ac.nz.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Assemblages; Communities; Community composition; Diversity; Plants.
Ano: 2014

Developing Adaptive Capacity to Droughts: the Rationality of Locality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Welsh, Lisa W.; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University; lisa03@gmail.com; Endter-Wada, Joanna; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University; Ecology Center, Utah State University; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University; joanna.endter-wada@usu.edu; Downard, Rebekah; Ecology Center, Utah State University; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University; rdownard8@gmail.com; Kettenring, Karin M.; Ecology Center, Utah State University; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University; karin.kettenring@usu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Drought; Social-ecological systems (SES); Vulnerability; Water resources management; Wetlands.
Ano: 2013

Coupling Biophysical and Socioeconomic Models for Coral Reef Systems in Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica; University of Tasmania; Jessica.MelbourneThomas@utas.edu.au; Johnson, Craig R; University of Tasmania; craig.johnson@utas.edu.au; Perez, Pascal; University of Wollongong; pascal.perez@csiro.au; Eustache, Jeremy; Australian National University; jeremy.eustache@voila.fr; Fulton, Elizabeth A; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship; Beth.Fulton@csiro.au; Cleland, Deborah; Australian National University; deborah.cleland@anu.edu.au.
Transdisciplinary approaches that consider both socioeconomic and biophysical processes are central to understanding and managing rapid change in coral reef systems worldwide. To date, there have been limited attempts to couple the two sets of processes in dynamic models for coral reefs, and these attempts are confined to reef systems in developed countries. We present an approach to coupling existing biophysical and socioeconomic models for coral reef systems in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The biophysical model is multiscale, using dynamic equations to capture local-scale ecological processes on individual reefs, with reefs connected at regional scales by the ocean transport of larval propagules. The agent-based socioeconomic model simulates...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical; Coral reefs; Coupled models; Decision support; Socioeconomic; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Three perspectives on motivation and multicriteria assessment of organic food systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ljungdalh, Anders Kruse; Department of Education, Aarhus University, Denmark; ankl@dpu.dk; Noe, Egon; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Denmark; Egon.Noe@agrsci.dk; Christensen, Tove; Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; tove@foi.ku.dk; Dubgaard, Alex; Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; adu@foi.ku.dk; Kastberg, Peter; Department of Business Communication, Aarhus University, Denmark; pk@asb.dk.
Organic food systems are based on a complex of value criteria that often are not explicitly considered when agents think, communicate, and make decisions concerning organic food. Multicriteria assessment (MCA) refers to a group of tools that help the user to tackle such highly complex issues. The question is how an MCA tool should be designed to facilitate reflections, communication, and decision making in relation to organic food systems. A key issue is motivation. There are several divergent theories of motivation, and the question cannot be adequately answered by using any single theory. We discuss an economic, a psychosocial, and a relational perspective on motivation and MCA.  Using the example of a consumer assessing and choosing products in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Motivation; Multicriteria assessment (MCA); Organic food.
Ano: 2014

The Challenge of Forest Diagnostics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University; nagendra@atree.org; Ostrom, Elinor; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
Ecologists and practitioners have conventionally used forest plots or transects for monitoring changes in attributes of forest condition over time. However, given the difficulty in collecting such data, conservation practitioners frequently rely on the judgment of foresters and forest users for evaluating changes. These methods are rarely compared. We use a dataset of 53 forests in five countries to compare assessments of forest change from forest plots, and forester and user evaluations of changes in forest density. We find that user assessments of changes in tree density are strongly and significantly related to assessments of change derived from statistical analyses of randomly distributed forest plots. User assessments of change in density at the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Carbon storage; Community forests; Forest change; Forest monitoring; Peopled forests.
Ano: 2011

Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Franklin, Jerry; University of Washington; jff@u.washington.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

&amp;#8220;We Like to Listen to Stories about Fish&amp;#8221;: Integrating Indigenous Ecological and Scientific Knowledge to Inform Environmental Flow Assessments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jackson, Sue E.; Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University; TRaCK; sue.jackson@griffith.edu.au; Douglas, Michael M.; NERP Research Hub, Charles Darwin University; TRaCK; michael.douglas@cdu.edu.au; Kennard, Mark J.; Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University; TRaCK;; Pusey, Brad J.; Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University; TRaCK; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia;; Huddleston, Jabal; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Harney, Bill; Wardaman Association;; Liddy, Lenny; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Liddy, Mona; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Liddy, Robert; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Sullivan, Lizzy; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Huddleston, Brenda; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Banderson, Melissa; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; McMah, Andrew; Wagiman Traditional Owner;; Allsop, Quentin; NT Fisheries Research, Northern Territory Department of Resources;.
Studies that apply indigenous ecological knowledge to contemporary resource management problems are increasing globally; however, few of these studies have contributed to environmental water management. We interviewed three indigenous landowning groups in a tropical Australian catchment subject to increasing water resource development pressure and trialed tools to integrate indigenous and scientific knowledge of the biology and ecology of freshwater fish to assess their water requirements. The differences, similarities, and complementarities between the knowledge of fish held by indigenous people and scientists are discussed in the context of the changing socioeconomic circumstances experienced by indigenous communities of north Australia. In addition to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Daly River; Environmental flow; Fish ecology; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Indigenous fish knowledge; Integration.
Ano: 2014

The European Water Framework Directive: How Ecological Assumptions Frame Technical and Social Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steyaert, Patrick; French National Agricultural Research Institute (INRA); psteyaert@grignon.inra.fr; Ollivier, Guillaume; French National Agricultural Research Institute (INRA); guillaume.ollivier@avignon.inra.fr.
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is built upon significant cognitive developments in the field of ecological science but also encourages active involvement of all interested parties in its implementation. The coexistence in the same policy text of both substantive and procedural approaches to policy development stimulated this research as did our concerns about the implications of substantive ecological visions within the WFD policy for promoting, or not, social learning processes through participatory designs. We have used a qualitative analysis of the WFD text which shows the ecological dimension of the WFD dedicates its quasi-exclusive attention to a particular current of thought in ecosystems science focusing on ecosystems status and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological status; Policy analysis; Public participation; Reference system; Social learning; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2007

Crisis and Transformation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ludwig, Don; University of British Columbia; ludwig@math.ubc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Livelisystems: a conceptual framework integrating social, ecosystem, development, and evolutionary theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dorward, Andrew R.; SOAS, University of London; ad55@soas.ac.uk.
Human activity poses multiple environmental challenges for ecosystems that have intrinsic value and also support that activity. Our ability to address these challenges is constrained by, among other things, weaknesses in cross-disciplinary understandings of interactive processes of change in social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. This paper draws on complementary insights from social and biological sciences to propose a &amp;#8220;livelisystems&amp;#8221; framework of multiscale, dynamic change across social and biological systems. This describes how material, informational, and relational assets, asset services, and asset pathways interact in systems with embedded and emergent properties undergoing a variety of structural transformations. Related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental change; Livelisystems; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Defining Old Growth for Fire-adapted Forests of the Western United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kaufmann, Merrill R.; U.S. Forest Service (retired); mkaufmann@fs.fed.us; Binkley, Daniel; Colorado Forest Restoration Institute; dan@cnr.colostate.edu; Johnson, Marlin; U.S. Forest Service, Southwest Region; majohnson02@fs.fed.us; Stephens, Scott L.; University of California Berkeley; stephens@nature.berkeley.edu; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Lab of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona; tswetnam@ltrr.arizona.edu.
There are varying definitions of old-growth forests because of differences in environment and differing fire influence across the Intermountain West. Two general types of forests reflect the role of fire: 1) forests shaped by natural changes in structure and species makeup&amp;#8212;plant succession&amp;#8212;that are driven by competitive differences among species and individual trees and by small-scale disturbances, and 2) forests where plant succession processes are disrupted by major biological disturbances (fire, insects, wind, or drought) extending across larger areas. Some case examples of old-growth forests where fire was historically frequent are used. The examples sketch out the typical biophysical settings, fire regime, natural disturbance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Fire-adapted forests; Fire frequency; Fire intensity; Fire interval; Fire severity; Old-growth forests; Old-growth landscapes; Old-growth patches; Old-growth stands.
Ano: 2007

How does social support enhance resilience in the trauma-exposed individual?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sippel, Lauren M.; National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; lauren.sippel@yale.edu; Pietrzak, Robert H.; National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; rhpietrzak@gmail.com; Charney, Dennis S,; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; dennis.charney@mssm.edu; Mayes, Linda C.; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine; linda.mayes@yale.edu; Southwick, Steven M.; National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; steven.southwick@yale.edu.
Although most resilience science has focused on individual-level psychosocial factors that promote individual resilience, theorists and researchers have begun to examine neurobiological and systems-level factors implicated in resilience. In this commentary we argue that the development of effective interventions to enhance resilience necessitates understanding that resilience in the individual is dependent on multiple layers of society. Further, we suggest that there is a bidirectional relationship between systems-level resilience (i.e., resilience of romantic partners, family members, neighborhoods, and larger social contexts) and individual resilience. We suggest directions for future research and interventions, with the goal of stimulating research...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Individual resilience; Neurobiology; Social support; Systems resilience.
Ano: 2015

A Theory of Transformative Agency in Linked Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Westley, Frances R.; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Tjornbo, Ola; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience; ola.tjornbo@gmail.com; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre; lisen@ecology.su.se; Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se.
We reviewed the literature on leadership in linked social-ecological systems and combined it with the literature on institutional entrepreneurship in complex adaptive systems to develop a new theory of transformative agency in linked social-ecological systems. Although there is evidence of the importance of strategic agency in introducing innovation and transforming approaches to management and governance of such systems, there is no coherent theory to explain the wide diversity of strategies identified. Using Holling&amp;#8217;s adaptive cycle as a model of phases present in innovation and transformation of resilient social-ecological systems, overlaid by Dorado&amp;#8217;s  model of opportunity context (opaque, hazy, transparent) in complex adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Institutional entrepreneurship; Skills; Social innovation; Transformation of linked social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Could Payments for Ecosystem Services Create an "Ecosystem Service Curse"?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kronenberg, Jakub; Department of International Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz; kronenbe@uni.lodz.pl; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park; Hubacek@umd.edu.
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have received much praise and are increasingly perceived as a promising tool to ensure the protection of global ecosystems as well as being able to help alleviate poverty in areas rich in ecosystem services. Given current trends, the scale of payments is likely to grow, creating new circumstances within which ecosystem services will be managed. In this dynamic context, following a precautionary approach, one should focus on establishing systems to handle the risks involved. Based on an analogy to resources that have long been included in the system of market transactions, we suggest that the rapid development of PES can negatively influence regional and potentially national economies. Resource revenues are highly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Aid curse; Ecosystem services; Global PES; Payments for ecosystem services; PES; Resource curse.
Ano: 2013

Progress Toward Sustainable Mussel Aquaculture in Mar Piccolo, Italy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Caroppo, Carmela; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy); carmela.caroppo@iamc.cnr.it; Giordano, Laura; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy); laura.giordano@iamc.cnr.it; Palmieri, Nadia; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy);; Bellio, Giovanna; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy); giovannabellio@libero.it; Bisci, Antonio Paride; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy); paride.bisci@iamc.cnr.it; Portacci, Giuseppe; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy);; Sclafani, Patricia; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy); patricia.sclafani@iamc.cnr.it; Hopkins, Tom Sawyer; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment  (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy);.
Mar Piccolo of Taranto is an estuarine basin heavily exploited for commercial mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) farming.  The historical renown of the Taranto mussels has suffered over the last decade following policy decisions to expand the mussel farms and to relocate a portion of the urban sewage to an outfall outside of Mar Piccolo.  The resulting decline in mussel quality and the quandary of how to restore stability to Taranto mussel production became the focal issue for our application of the systems approach framework (SAF).  We simulated the ecological, economic, and social interactions that affect mussel production.  Stakeholders and mussel farmers contributed by participating in meetings during the entire exercise.  Our simulation analysis...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Bioeconomical modeling; Carrying capacity; Estuarine ecosystem simulation; Mar Piccolo; Stakeholder involvement; Sustainability.
Ano: 2012

Sprawl and the Resilience of Humans and Nature:  an Introduction to the Special Feature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig R.; USGS - Nebraska Cooperative Fish &amp; Wildlife Unit, University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2006

The Multifaceted Aspects of Ecosystem Integrity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it; Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; slevin@eno.princeton.edu.
The need to reduce human impacts on ecosystems creates pressure for adequate response, but the rush to solutions fosters the oversimplification of such notions as sustainable development and ecosystem health. Hence, it favors the tendency to ignore the complexity of natural systems. In this paper, after a brief analysis of the use and abuse of the notion of ecosystem health, we address the problem of a sound definition of ecosystem integrity, critically review the different methodological and conceptual approaches to the management of natural resources, and sketch the practical implications stemming from their implementation. We show thatthere are merits and  limitations in different definitions of ecosystem integrity, for each acknowledges different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Complexity and stability; Conservation strategies; Disturbance  anthropogenic; Disturbance  natural; Ecosystem integrity; Ecosystem functioning; Ecosytem structure; Natural resource management; Resilience; Sustainable development.
Ano: 1997

Biodiversity, biodisparity, and bioequivalence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kirchhoff, Thomas; FEST e.V., Protestant Institute for Interdisciplinary Research; thomas.kirchhoff@fest-heidelberg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Concepts; Distance; Equivalence.
Ano: 2010

Network structure and institutional complexity in an ecology of water management games
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lubell, Mark ; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Center for Environmental Policy and Behavior  ; mnlubell@ucdavis.edu; Robins, Garry; University of Melbourne;; Wang, Peng; University of Melbourne;.
Social-ecological systems are governed by a complex of ecology of games featuring multiple actors, policy institutions, and issues, and not just single institutions operating in isolation. We update Long's (1958) ecology of games to analyze the coordinating roles of actors and institutions in the context of the ecology of water management games in San Francisco Bay, California. The ecology of games is operationalized as a bipartite network with actors participating in institutions, and exponential random graph models are used to test hypotheses about the structural features of the network. We found that policy coordination is facilitated mostly by federal and state agencies and collaborative institutions that span geographic boundaries. Network...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex adaptive systems; Cooperation; Ecology of games; Institutions; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

The Energetic Cost of Path Sinuosity Related to Road Density in the Wolf Community of Jasper National Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lusseau, David; University of Aberdeen; d.lusseau@abdn.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Three horizons: a pathways practice for transformation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sharpe, Bill; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; bill@billsharpe.eu; Hodgson, Anthony; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; tony@decisionintegrity.co.uk; Leicester, Graham; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; graham@internationalfuturesforum.com; Lyon, Andrew; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; andrew@internationalfuturesforum.com; Fazey, Ioan; Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; i.fazey@dundee.ac.uk.
Global environmental change requires responses that involve marked or qualitative changes in individuals, institutions, societies, and cultures. Yet, while there has been considerable effort to develop theory about such processes, there has been limited research on practices for facilitating transformative change. We present a novel pathways approach called Three Horizons that helps participants work with complex and intractable problems and uncertain futures. The approach is important for helping groups work with uncertainty while also generating agency in ways not always addressed by existing futures approaches. We explain how the approach uses a simple framework for structured and guided dialogue around different patterns of change by using examples. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation pathways; Climate change; Scenarios; Transformation; Transition.
Ano: 2016

An Indicator Framework for Assessing Agroecosystem Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cabell, Joshua F; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; josh.cabell@gmail.com; Oelofse, Myles; Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Copenhagen University; myles@life.ku.dk.
Taking departure in the theory of resilience in social-ecological systems, we present an analysis and discussion of how resilience theory can be applied to agroecosystems. Building on the premise that agroecosystems are too complex for resilience to be measured in any precise manner, we delineate behavior-based indicators of resilience within agroecosystems. Based on a review of relevant literature, we present and discuss an index of 13 such indicators, which, when identified in an agroecosystem, suggest that it is resilient and endowed with the capacity for adaptation and transformation. Absence of these indicators identifies points of intervention for managers and stakeholders to build resilience where there is vulnerability. The indicators encompass...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Agroecosystems; Behavior-based indicators; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Integrating Citizens in Adaptive Management: A Propositional Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shindler, Bruce; Oregon State University; bruce.shindler@orst.edu; Aldred Cheek, Kristin; University of Montana; cheekK@forestry.umt.edu.
Lee has advocated for the use of civic science in the implementation of adaptive management experiments, noting that people and political processes are central features of adaptive approaches to land management. This paper explores the growing relationship between the public and forest management agencies, and uses a propositional analysis to guide methods for integrating citizens into adaptive management situations. Important characteristics are organized and discussed in six thematic areas. Citizen-agency interactions are more effective when (1) they are open and inclusive, (2) they are built on skilled leadership and interactive forums, (3) they include innovative and flexible methods, (4) involvement is early and continuous, (5) efforts result in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Citizen-agency interactions; Civic science; Flexibility; Forest management; Inclusion; Innovation; Propositional analysis; Public involvement.
Ano: 1999

Biocultural Refugia: Combating the Erosion of Diversity in Landscapes of Food Production
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barthel, Stephan; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of History, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; stephan.barthel@historia.su.se; Crumley, Carole L.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; crumley@live.unc.edu; Svedin, Uno; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden ; uno.svedin@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biocultural refugia; Diversity; Ecosystem restoration; Resilience; Small holders; Stewardship.
Ano: 2013

A Review of Tools for Incorporating Community Knowledge, Preferences, and Values into Decision Making in Natural Resources Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; University of Zimbabwe; Tim.Lynam@csiro.au; de Jong, Wil; Center for Integrated Area Studies, Kyoto University; wdejong@cias.kyoto-u.ac.jp; Sheil, Douglas; CIFOR; d.sheil@cgiar.org; Kusumanto, Trikurnianti; CIFOR; t.kusumanto@cgiar.org; Evans, Kirsten; CIFOR; kristenannevans@hotmail.com.
We survey and evaluate selected participatory tools that have been proven effective in natural resources management and research during our extensive experience with forest communities. We first establish a framework for our analysis by identifying a set of criteria for evaluating each tool. Next we provide a brief description of each tool, followed by an evaluation and comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of all the tools examined and how well they can be adapted to diverse contexts. We also provide suggestions for avoiding common pitfalls. Our findings suggest that most tools are flexible enough to be adapted to a range of applications, and that results are more robust when tools are used in concert. Practitioners should not be disturbed when...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Participatory tools; Review; Natural resources management; Co-management: co-learning.
Ano: 2007

Citizen, Science, Highways, and Wildlife: Using a Web-based GIS to Engage Citizens in Collecting Wildlife Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lee, Tracy; University of Calgary; tracy@rockies.ca; Quinn, Michael S; University of Calgary; quinn@ucalgary.ca; Duke, Danah; University of Calgary; danah@rockies.ca.
Road Watch in the Pass is a citizen-science project that engages local citizens in reporting wildlife observations along a 44-km stretch of Highway 3 through Crowsnest Pass in southwestern Alberta, Canada.  The numbers of wildlife vehicle collisions and a recent proposal to expand the highway have raised concerns from both human safety and wildlife conservation perspectives. Through the use of a web-based GIS, interested citizens can contribute information that will be instrumental in making final decisions concerning measures to mitigate the effects of highway expansion. Currently, 58 people have contributed over 713 observations to Road Watch.  We performed a preliminary comparison of 11 months of Road Watch observations and wildlife mortality data for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Crowsnest Pass; Highways; Road ecology; Transportation; Web-based GIS; Wildlife-vehicle collisions.
Ano: 2006

A matter of ephemerality: the study of Kel Tadrart Tuareg (southwest Libya) campsites via quantitative spatial analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biagetti, Stefano; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics group; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Humanities; School of Geography, Archaeology, and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand; stefano.biagetti@upf.edu; Crema, Enrico R.; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics group; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Humanities; UCL Institute of Archaeology; enrico.crema@upf.edu.
We examined the settlement structure from the Kel Tadrart Tuareg, a small pastoral society from southwest Libya. Our objective was to apply spatial analysis to establish the statistical significance of specific patterns in the settlement layout. In particular, we examined whether there is a separation between domestic and livestock spaces, and whether particular residential features dedicated to guests are spatially isolated. We used both established statistical techniques and newly developed bespoke analyses to test our hypotheses, and then discuss the results in the light of possible applications to other case studies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Campsites; Kel Tadrart Tuareg; Settlement layout; Spatial analysis.
Ano: 2016

Egan, D., and E.A. Howell, editors. 2001. The Historical Ecology Handbook: a Restorationist's Guide to Reference Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington. D. C., USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pfeiffer, Jeanine; University of California at Davis; jmpfeiffer@ucdavis.edu; Espeland, Erin; ; ekespeland@ucdavis.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Cultural ecology; Historical ecology; Human ecology; Paleobotany; Paleoecology; Reference ecosystems; Restoration ecology.
Ano: 2003

Exploring Resilience and Transformability of a River Basin in the Face of Socioeconomic and Ecological Crisis: an Example from the Amudarya River Basin, Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 7
Water from the Amudarya River is a vital and strategic resource for semi-arid Uzbekistan because of its heavy reliance on irrigated agriculture. The Uzbek water management regime, however, has proven to be rather reluctant to adapt to changing environmental and socio-political conditions despite recent massive pressures caused by political, environmental, or donor-induced developments in the region.  The aim of this paper is to explore reasons for the low adaptability of the Uzbek water sector and assess implications for the resilience of the Uzbek social-ecological system (SES). By analyzing past losses of resilience as well as first attempts at institutional change in land and water management, we identify drivers as well as structural factors and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amudarya river basin; Reform; Resilience; Transformation; Uzbekistan; Water management.
Ano: 2011

Nitrogen Source Apportionment for the Catchment, Estuary, and Adjacent Coastal Waters of the River Scheldt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vermaat, Jan E; Earth Sciences and Economics, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University; j.e.vermaat@vu.nl; Broekx, Steven; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); steven.broekx@vito.be; Van Eck, Bert; Deltares; Bert.vanEck@deltares.nl; Engelen, Guy; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); guy.engelen@vito.be; Hellmann, Fritz; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University; f.a.hellmann@vu.nl; De Kok, Jean Luc; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); Jean-Luc.DeKok@vito.be; Van der Kwast, Hans; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); hans.vanderkwast@vito.be; Maes, Joachim; Joint Research Centre-European Commission; joachim.maes@jrc.ec.europa.eu; Salomons, Wim; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University; wim.salomons@home.nl; Van Deursen, Willem; PCRaster; willem@pcraster.nl.
Using the systems approach framework (SAF), a coupled model suite was developed for simulating land-use decision making in response to nutrient abatement costs and water and nutrient fluxes in the hydrological network of the Scheldt River, and nutrient fluxes in the estuary and adjacent coastal sea. The purpose was to assess the efficiency of different long-term water quality improvement measures in current and future climate and societal settings, targeting nitrogen (N) load reduction. The spatial-dynamic model suite consists of two dynamically linked modules:  PCRaster is used for the drainage network and is combined with ExtendSim modules for farming decision making and estuarine N dispersal. Model predictions of annual mean flow and total N...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catchment hydrology; Coupled modeling; Estuary; Eutrophication; Land use; Systems analysis; Watershed nutrient loading.
Ano: 2012

Economic Factors Affecting Diversified Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowman, Maria S.; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley; maria.s.bowman@berkeley.edu; Zilberman, David; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley; zilber11@berkeley.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Diversified farming systems; Economics.
Ano: 2013

The role of knowledge and power in climate change adaptation governance: a systematic literature review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vink, Martinus J.; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; martinus.vink@wur.nl; Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; art.dewulf@wur.nl; Termeer, Catrien; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl.
The long-term character of climate change and the high costs of adaptation measures, in combination with their uncertain effects, turn climate adaptation governance into a torturous process. We systematically review the literature on climate adaptation governance to analyze the scholarly understanding of these complexities. Building on governance literature about long-term and complex policy problems, we develop a conceptual matrix based on the dimensions knowledge and power to systematically study the peer-reviewed literature on climate adaptation governance. We find that about a quarter of the reviewed journal articles do not address the knowledge or power dimension of the governance of climate change adaptation, about half of the articles discuss either...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive institutions; Climate change; Governance of climate adaptation; Interactive framing; Learning; Literature on climate adaptation; Models; Negotiating; Politics.
Ano: 2013

Combining Science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Monitoring Populations for Co-Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moller, Henrik; University of Otago; henrik.moller@stonebow.otago.ac.nz; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Lyver, Philip O'Brian; University of Otago; LyverP@landcareresearch.co.nz; Kislalioglu, Mina; University of Manitoba; mberkes@mts.net.
Using a combination of traditional ecological knowledge and science to monitor populations can greatly assist co-management for sustainable customary wildlife harvests by indigenous peoples. Case studies from Canada and New Zealand emphasize that, although traditional monitoring methods may often be imprecise and qualitative, they are nevertheless valuable because they are based on observations over long time periods, incorporate large sample sizes, are inexpensive, invite the participation of harvesters as researchers, and sometimes incorporate subtle multivariate cross checks for environmental change. A few simple rules suggested by traditional knowledge may produce good management outcomes consistent with fuzzy logic thinking. Science can sometimes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Catch per unit effort; Community-based conservation; Customary harvesting; Indigenous people; Population monitoring; Sustainability; New Zealand; Canada.
Ano: 2004

Book Review: Goldstein, B. E.  2012. Collaborative Resilience: Moving Through Crisis to Opportunity. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre and Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; lisen.schultz@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2012

Are Local People Conservationists? Analysis of Transition Dynamics from Agroforests to Monoculture Plantations in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schwarze, Stefan; Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Germany; sschwar1@gwdg.de; Levang, Patrice; IRD, Montpellier, France; CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia; patrice.levang@mpl.ird.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agrarian transition; Agricultural intensification; Agroforestry; Cocoa; Coffee; Cropping trajectory; Indonesia; Oil palm; Rubber.
Ano: 2010

A conceptual framework to evaluate human-wildlife interactions within coupled human and natural systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morzillo, Anita T.; University of Connecticut; anita.morzillo@uconn.edu; de Beurs, Kirsten M.; University of Oklahoma; kdebeurs@ou.edu; Martin-Mikle, Chelsea J.; University of Oklahoma; chelseajane.martin@gmail.com.
Landscape characteristics affect human-wildlife interactions.  However, there is a need to better understand mechanisms that drive those interactions, particularly feedbacks that exist between wildlife-related impacts, human reaction to and behavior as a result of those impacts, and how land use and landscape characteristics may influence those components within coupled human and natural systems.  Current conceptual models of human-wildlife interactions often focus on species population size as the independent variable driving those interactions.  Such an approach potentially overlooks important feedbacks among and drivers of human-wildlife interactions that result from mere wildlife presence versus absence.  We describe an emerging conceptual framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coupled human and natural systems; Human-wildlife conflict; Human-wildlife interactions; Landscape ecology; Pesticides; Rodenticides; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2014

Improving Participatory Processes through Collective Simulation: Use of a Community of Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dionnet, Mathieu; Lisode; mathieu.dionnet@lisode.com; Daniell, Katherine A; Centre for Policy Innovation, The Australian National University; katherine.daniell@anu.edu.au; Imache, Amar; Lisode; amar.imache@lisode.com; von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; yorck.von-korff@lisode.com; Bouarfa, Sami; UMR G-EAU, Cemagref; sami.bouarfa@cemagref.fr; Garin, Patrice; UMR G-EAU, Cemagref; patrice.garin@cemagref.fr; Jamin, Jean-Yves; UMR G-EAU, CIRAD; jamin@cirad.fr; Rollin, Dominique; UMR G-EAU, Cemagref; dominique.rollin@cemagref.fr; Rougier, Jean-Emmanuel; Lisode; Jean-Emmanuel.Rougier@lisode.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community of practice; Natural resource management; Public participation; Role play; Simulation.
Ano: 2013

Scale mismatches and reflexive law
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S.; University of Cape Town, South Africa; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Democracy; Institution; Law; Reflexivity; Scale.
Ano: 2013

Long-term fish community response to a reach-scale stream restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shirey, Patrick D.; University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences; Ecology Policy LLC; patrickdshirey@gmail.com; Brueseke, Michael A.; University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences; mbruesek@nd.edu; Kenny, Jillian B.; University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences; World Resources Institute; jkenny0803@gmail.com; Lamberti, Gary A.; University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences; glambert@nd.edu.
At a global scale, aquatic ecosystems are being altered by human activities at a greater rate than at any other time in history. In recent years, grassroots efforts have generated interest in the restoration of degraded or destroyed aquatic habitats, especially small wetlands and streams where such projects are feasible with local resources. We present ecological management lessons learned from 17 years of monitoring the fish community response to the channel relocation and reach-level restoration of Juday Creek, a 3rd-order tributary of the St. Joseph River in Indiana, USA. The project was designed to increase habitat complexity, reverse the effects of accumulated fine sediment (&amp;#60; 2 mm diameter), and mitigate for the impacts of a new golf course...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Fisheries; Long-term monitoring; Restoration planning; Stream ecology.
Ano: 2016

The Many Elements of Traditional Fire Knowledge: Synthesis, Classification, and Aids to Cross-cultural Problem Solving in Fire-dependent Systems Around the World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huffman, Mary R.; The Nature Conservancy; mhuffman@tnc.org.
I examined the hypothesis that traditional social-ecological fire systems around the world include common elements of traditional fire knowledge (TFK). I defined TFK as fire-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices that have been developed and applied on specific landscapes for specific purposes by long time inhabitants. In all, 69 distinct elements of TFK were documented in 35 studies, including accounts from 27 countries on 6 continents. On all 6 continents, 21 elements (30%) were recorded, and 46 elements (67%) were recorded on 4 or more continents. The top 12 most commonly reported elements, which were included in &gt; 50 % of the studies, were fire effects on vegetation; season of the year; fire effects on animals; moisture of live or dead fuels; the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological anthropology; Fire management; Indigenous; Pyrogeography; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional fire knowledge; Wildland fire.
Ano: 2013

What is Social Learning?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reed, Mark S; Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability, Centre for Sustainable International Development, and Centre for Planning and Environmental Management, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen; m.reed@abdn.ac.uk; Evely, Anna C; Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability, University of Aberdeen; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews; anna_evely@abdn.ac.uk; Cundill, Georgina; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas, Aridas (CEAZA); georgina.cundill@gmail.com; Fazey, Ioan; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews; ioan.fazey@st-andrews.ac.uk; Glass, Jayne; Centre for Mountain Studies, Perth College; UHI Millenium Institute; jayne.glass@perth.uhi.ac.uk; Laing, Adele; Norah Fry Research Centre, University of Bristol; adelelaing@hotmail.com; Newig, Jens; Institute for Environmental &amp; Sustainability Communication, Leuphana University; newig@uni.leuphana.de; Parrish, Brad; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth &amp; Environment, University of Leeds; b.parrish@see.leeds.ac.uk; Prell, Christina; Department of Sociology, University of Sheffield; c.prell@sheffield.ac.uk; Raymond, Chris; Centre for Rural Health and Community Development, University of South Australia; chris.raymond@enviroconnect.com.au; Stringer, Lindsay C; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth &amp; Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk.
Social learning is increasingly becoming a normative goal in natural resource management and policy. However, there remains little consensus over its meaning or theoretical basis. There are still considerable differences in understanding of the concept in the literature, including a number of articles published in Ecology  &amp; Society. Social learning  is often conflated with other concepts such as participation and proenvironmental behavior, and there is often little distinction made between individual and wider social learning. Many unsubstantiated claims for social learning exist, and there is frequently confusion between the concept itself and its potential outcomes. This lack of conceptual clarity has limited our capacity to assess whether social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Definition; Social-ecological systems; Social learning.
Ano: 2010

Revolt and Remember: How the Shimshal Nature Trust Develops and Sustains Social-Ecological Resilience in Northern Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abidi-Habib, Mehjabeen; Government College University Lahore; mamie@wol.net.pk; Lawrence, Anna; Oxford University; anna.lawrence@eci.ox.ac.uk.
The Shimshal Nature Trust is an indigenous institution rooted in a thriving and dynamic culture that links the local ecology and society. It has deployed identity, traditional knowledge, science, and institutional innovation to adapt to outside challenges without destroying local commons management. This paper reviews scholarly debate on natural resource management and uses resilience theory to examine this complex adaptive system. Two disturbances to Shimshal resilience prompted by a national park and a new road are traced. Shimshali responses include social processes of learning, knowledge systems, and renewal. Ways in which adaptive renewal cycles involve Revolt, a short, fast reaction, and Remember, a larger, slower cascade, are put in perspective....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Pakistan; Indigenous institution; Local commons management; Ecological resilience; Complex adaptive systems; Social learning; Renewal; National park; New road; Community participation.
Ano: 2007

Lessons Learned from the First Decade of Adaptive Management in Comprehensive Everglades Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: LoSchiavo, Andrew J.; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; andrew.j.loschiavo@usace.army.mil; Best, Ronnie G.; United States Geological Survey; Ronnie_Best@usgs.gov; Burns, Rebecca E.; Atkins Global - North America; Rebecca.Burns@atkinsglobal.com; Gray, Susan; South Florida Water Management District; sgray@sfwmd.gov; Harwell, Matthew C.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Harwell.Matthew@epamail.epa.gov; Hines, Eliza B.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Eliza_Hines@fws.gov; McLean, Agnes R.; Everglades National Park ; Agnes_McLean@nps.gov; St. Clair, Tom; RESPEC; Tom.stclair@respec.com; Traxler, Steve; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Steve_Traxler@fws.gov; Vearil, James W.; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; James.W.Vearil@usace.army.mil.
Although few successful examples of large-scale adaptive management applications are available to ecosystem restoration scientists and managers, examining where and how the components of an adaptive management program have been successfully implemented yields insight into what approaches have and have not worked. We document five key lessons learned during the decade-long development and implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) Collaborative Adaptive Management Program that might be useful to other adaptive management practitioners. First, legislative and regulatory authorities that require the development of an adaptive management program are necessary to maintain funding and support to set up and implement adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision-making; Everglades; Monitoring; Restoration.
Ano: 2013

The Identification of Potential Resilient Estuary-based Enterprises to Encourage Economic Empowerment in South Africa: a Toolkit Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowd, Rebecca; School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; rebecca@greendoorgroup.co.za; Quinn, Nevil; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England; nevil.quinn@uwe.ac.uk; Kotze, Donovan C; School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; kotzed@ukzn.ac.za; Hay, Duncan G; Independent Consultant; hay@ukzn.ac.za; Mander, Myles; Eco-Futures; myles@eco-futures.co.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory tools; Risk assessment; Social-ecological systems; Stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2012

Evaluating Today's Landscape Multifunctionality and Providing an Alternative Future: A Normative Scenario Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waldhardt, Rainer; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; rainer.waldhardt@umwelt.uni-giessen.de; Bach, Martin; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Breuer, Lutz; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Frede, Hans-Georg; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Ginzler, Oliver; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Gottschalk, Thomas; Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Julich, Stefan; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Krumpholz, Matthias; Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Kuhlmann, Friedrich; Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Otte, Annette; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Reger, Birgit; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Reiher, Wolfgang; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Schmitz, Kim; Agricultural and Development Policy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Schmitz, P. Michael; Agricultural and Development Policy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Sheridan, Patrick; Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Simmering, Dietmar; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Weist, Cornelia; Biometry and Population Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Wolters, Volkmar; Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Ecosystem services; Germany; Modeling; Sustainability.
Ano: 2010

Intelligent Tinkering: the Endangered Species Act and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Benson, Melinda Harm; University of New Mexico; mhbenson@unm.edu.
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the most powerful and controversial environmental laws in the United States.  As a result of its uncompromising position against biodiversity loss, the ESA has become the primary driver of many ecological restoration efforts in the United States. This article explains why the ESA has become the impetus for so many of these efforts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the ESA as a primary driver from a resilience-based perspective.  It argues that in order to accommodate resilience theory, several changes to ESA implementation and enforcement should be made. First and foremost, there is a need to shift management strategies from a species-centered to a systems-based approach. Chief among the shifts required...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Endangered Species Act; Governance; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Characteristics, emerging needs, and challenges of transdisciplinary sustainability science: experiences from the German Social-Ecological Research Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ruppert-Winkel, Chantal; University of Freiburg; chantal.ruppert@zee.uni-freiburg.de; Deppisch, Sonja; HafenCity University Hamburg; sonja.deppisch@hcu-hamburg.de; Eisenack, Klaus; Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; klaus.eisenack@uni-oldenburg.de; Matzdorf, Bettina; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); matzdorf@zalf.de; Padmanabhan, Martina; University of Passau; Martina.padmanabhan@uni-passau.de; Selbmann, Kirsten; Bochum University of Applied Science; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; kirsten.selbmann-lobbedey@hs-bochum.de; Ziegler, Rafael; University of Greifswald; rziegler@uni-greifswald.de; Plieninger, Tobias; University of Copenhagen; tobias.plieninger@ign.ku.dk.
Transdisciplinary sustainability science (TSS) is a prominent way of scientifically contributing to the solution of sustainability problems. Little is known, however, about the practice of scientists in TSS, especially those early in their career. Our objectives were to identify these practices and to outline the needs and challenges for early career scientists in TSS. To that end, we compiled 10 key characteristics of TSS based on a literature survey. We then analyzed research groups with 81 early career scientists against these characteristics. All of these research groups are funded by an ongoing federally funded German program for social-ecological research whose main feature is to promote sustainability-oriented inter- and transdisciplinary research....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Early career scientists; Interdisciplinarity; Research practice; Self-evaluation; Social-ecological research; Sustainability science; Trandisciplinarity.
Ano: 2015

Migrant farmers as information brokers: agroecosystem management in the transition zone of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Isaac, Marney E.; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Center for Critical Development Studies, University of Toronto Scarborough; Department of Geography, University of Toronto; marney.isaac@utoronto.ca; Anglaaere, Luke C. N.; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana;; Akoto, Daniel S.; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology;; Dawoe, Evans; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology;.
Environmentally induced farmer migration is an important livelihood strategy, yet little is known of the effects on the destination region agroecosystem information networks and management practices. In the forest-savanna transition zone (Brong Ahafo Region) of Ghana, where migration from northern regions (migrant) and from neighboring regions (settler) is active, we chart the role of migrant famers and the type of agroecosystem management practices embedded in information networks using a social networks approach. Based on empirical network data from 44 respondents across three communities, we illustrate a diffuse information network, with variable tie frequency between settlement categories (local, settler, or migrant) of farmers. The cohesion of this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural innovation; Agroecology; Agroforestry; Environmental change; Ghana; Natural resource management; Social network analysis; Social-ecological memory; Theobroma cacao.
Ano: 2014

Social Networks in Natural Resource Management: What Is There to Learn from a Structural Perspective?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm University; beatrice@ecology.su.se; Ernstson, Henrik; Stockholm University; henrik@ecology.su.se.
Social networks among actors and stakeholders are gaining attention in studies of natural resource management, particularly those of adaptive management based on different forms of participation and co-management. In this sense, social networks have primarily been envisioned as enabling different actors to collaborate and coordinate management efforts. Here, we continue the discussion initiated by Newman and Dale (2005), which highlighted the fact that not all social networks are created equal. We discuss the relation between some structural characteristics and functions of social networks with respect to natural resource management, thus focusing on structural implications that are often overlooked when studying social networks within the context of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Co-management; Natural resource management; Social networks; Structure.
Ano: 2006

Complex Issues: Complex Methods?
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Powerless Spectators, Coping Actors, and Adaptive Co-managers: a Synthesis of the Role of Communities in Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@gmail.com; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@ecology.su.se; Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University, South Africa; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Community-based ecosystem management; Governance; Livelihoods; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
Ano: 2007

Resilient Social Relationships and Collaboration in the Management of Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nkhata, Abraham B.; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal; bankhata@yahoo.com; Breen, Charles M.; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal; breen@mweb.co.za; Freimund, Wayne A.; Department of Society and Conservation, The University of Montana; wayne.freimund@umontana.edu.
This paper proposes and articulates a social relationships perspective of collaboration in the management of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SESs). It provides a conceptual premise for understanding the dynamics of long-term social relationships that underlie collaborative processes. We argue that a resilience approach offers a better perspective for the study of change in long-term relationships. A conceptual framework based on the theories of resilience and social relationships is developed for analyzing the evolution of collaborative schemes. The essence of the framework is to facilitate understanding and building of resilient social relationships for effective collaboration through interpreting and managing relational change. We suggest that an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Relational capital; Relational change; Relational connectedness; Resilience; Social relationships; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2008

Incorporating Science into the Environmental Policy Process: a Case Study from Washington State
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Francis, Tessa B.; University of Washington; tessa@u.washington.edu; Whittaker, Kara A.; University of Washington; karaayn@u.washington.edu; Shandas, Vivek; University of Washington; chickade@u.washington.edu; Mills, April V.; University of Washington; amills@u.washington.edu; Graybill, Jessica K.; University of Washington; graybill@u.washington.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Best available science; Critical areas ordinance; Environmental policy; Growth Management Act; Land-use planning; Washington State.
Ano: 2005

Overexploitation of Renewable Resources by Ancient Societies and the Role of Sunk-Cost Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen Agricultural University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl.
One of the most persistent mysteries in the history of humankind is the collapse of ancient societies. It is puzzling that societies that achieved such high levels of development disappeared so suddenly. It has been argued that overexploitation of environmental resources played a role in the collapse of such societies. In this paper, we propose an explanation why overexploitation seems more common in ancient societies that built larger structures. This explanation is based on the well-studied sunk-cost effect in human decision making: decisions are often based on past investments rather than expected future returns. This leads to an unwillingness to abandon something (e. g., a settlement) if a great deal has been invested in it, even if future prospects...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modeling; Collapse of ancient societies; Sunk-cost effect; Resilience.
Ano: 2004

Toward an integrated theory of spatial morphology and resilient urban systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marcus, Lars; School of Architecture, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; lars.marcus@arch.kth.se; Colding, Johan; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; johanc@beijer.kva.se.
We take the first step in the development of a new field of research with the aim of merging spatial morphology and resilience science. This involves a revisiting and reunderstanding of the meaning of sustainable urban form. We briefly describe the fields of resilience science and spatial morphology. Drawing on a selected set of propositions in both fields, we put urban form in the context of the adaptive renewal cycle, a dynamic framework model used in resilience science to capture the dynamics of complex adaptive systems, of which urban systems are prime examples. We discuss the insights generated in this endeavor, dealing with some key morphological aspects in relation to four key attributes of resilience, i.e., &amp;#8220;change,&amp;#8221;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive renewal cycle; Resilience theory; Space syntax; Spatial morphology; Urban design.
Ano: 2014

A proposed ecosystem-based management system for marine waters: linking the theory of environmental policy to the practice of environmental management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Scotland; Tim.O'Higgins@sams.ac.uk; Cormier, Roland; Gulf Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Roland.Cormier@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Diedrich, Amy; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Australia; amy.diedrich@jcu.edu.au.
New coastal and marine management strategies have recently been developed in many countries and regions. From an ecosystem approach perspective, the aim of such strategies is the maintenance of ecosystem integrity while enabling the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services. There is, however, a need for harmonized definitions and standardized processes to deal not only with the interjurisdictional and multidisciplinary complexities that are associated with such strategies but also with the extensive timelines and resources implicated in the planning and implementation of these strategies. The ecosystem-based management system proposed here is based on three pillars that facilitate the integration of an ecosystem approach to coastal and oceans policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem approach; Ecosystem-based management; Ecosystem goods and services; Environmental management; Marine environment; Marine ecosystems; Marine management strategy; Oceans policy.
Ano: 2014

Thinking about the Future of Global Water Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dellapenna, Joseph W.; Villanova University School of Law, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA; dellapen@law.villanova.edu; Gupta, Joyeeta; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; j.gupta@uva.nl; Li, Wenjing; Attorney, Beijing; Wenjing_li@ymail.com; Schmidt, Falk; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany; falk.schmidt@iass-potsdam.de.
Global water problems are likely to increase in severity, rendering existing governance approaches unable to cope with the resulting problems. We inquire into the relationship between global water governance structures, particularly those involving the United Nations, and look at how those structures are likely to respond to and shape projected water futures. Building on story lines of possible water futures taken from existing scenarios, we discuss the functions to be performed by global water governance. We aim to open a discussion about four global water governance options and to introduce the constraints and possibilities for each option. We argue that the nature of the water problem calls for structural changes. However unfeasible these may appear...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Framework treaties; Global organization; Markets; Regulatory options; Water governance.
Ano: 2013

Enhancing ecosystem services for flood mitigation: a conservation strategy for peri-urban landscapes?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Institute of Geography and the Lived Environment; d.vanderhorst@bham.ac.uk.
A key reason why some ecosystem services are undervalued is because they are not easily perceived both by beneficiaries and potential providers. Hydrological modeling allows us to assess, quantify, and visualize the causal link between a particular human intervention and the positive or negative impacts this has on flooding. This study uses such a model to test hypothetical changes in land use in the Brazilian coastal city of Paraty. We discuss how the adoption of higher density patterns of urban development can respond to the needs of a growing population, while safeguarding cultural landscapes of high environmental value against unsustainable urban sprawl and encroachment. Results of the modeling exercise show how water-flow regulation services can be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Flood risk management; Land use adaptation; Peri-urban landscapes; Water flow regulation.
Ano: 2014

Opportunities to utilize traditional phenological knowledge to support adaptive management of social-ecological systems vulnerable to changes in climate and fire regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armatas, Christopher A.; University of Montana; christopher.armatas@umontana.edu; Venn, Tyron J.; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of Montana; tvenn@usc.edu.au; McBride, Brooke B.; University of Montana; brooke.mcbride@umontana.edu; Watson, Alan E.; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute; awatson@fs.fed.us; Carver, Steve J.; University of Leeds; s.j.carver@leeds.ac.uk.
The field of adaptive management has been embraced by researchers and managers in the United States as an approach to improve natural resource stewardship in the face of uncertainty and complex environmental problems. Integrating multiple knowledge sources and feedback mechanisms is an important step in this approach. Our objective is to contribute to the limited literature that describes the benefits of better integrating indigenous knowledge (IK) with other sources of knowledge in making adaptive-management decisions. Specifically, we advocate the integration of traditional phenological knowledge (TPK), a subset of IK, and highlight opportunities for this knowledge to support policy and practice of adaptive management with reference to policy and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Fire-adapted ecosystems; Indigenous fire management; Resilience; Traditional ecological knowledge; Western United States.
Ano: 2016

Growth, Collapse, and Reorganization of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: an Analysis of Institutional Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baral, Nabin; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech; nbaral@vt.edu; Stern, Marc J; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech; mjstern@vt.edu; Heinen, Joel T; Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University ; heinenj@fiu.edu.
Community-based conservation institutions can be conceptualized as complex adaptive systems that pass through a cycle of growth, maturation, collapse, and reorganization. We test the applicability of this four-phase adaptive cycle in the institutional context of the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal. We use the adaptive cycle to assess changes in structures and processes and to explore the past, present, and possible future trends in ACA. We focus on the crisis brought about by the Maoist insurgency and changes that took place in ACA during and after this period. Our analysis suggests that the conservation institution has passed through one and a half forms of the adaptive cycle in five major historical periods in the Annapurna region since 1960. It...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Annapurna; Adaptive cycle; Community-based conservation; Protected areas management; Resilience; Social-ecological system; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2010

Polis, G. A., M. E. Power, and G. R. Huxel, editors. 2004. Food Webs at the Landscape Level. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beisner, Beatrix; University of Quebec at Montreal; beisner.beatrix@uqam.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2005

God, Nature, and Interpretation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Local Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change in Tropical Forests of Papua,  Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR);Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC);School of Environmental Science and Management Southern Cross University ; douglassheil@itfc.org; Padmanaba, Michael; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Padmanaba@cgiar.org; Sadjudin, Ermayanti; Conservation International; ermayanti@conservation.org.
People everywhere experience changes and events that impact their lives.  Knowing how they perceive, react, and adapt to climatic changes and events is helpful in developing strategies to support adaptation to climate change. Mamberamo in Papua, Indonesia, is a sparsely populated watershed of 7.8 million hectares possessing rich tropical forests. Our study compares scientific and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on climate, and analyzes how local people in Mamberamo perceive and react to climatic variations. We compared meteorological data for the region with local views gathered through focus group discussions and interviews in six villages. We explored the local significance of seasonality, climate variability, and climate change. Mamberamo is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Coping mechanism; Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Gender; Seasonality; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2013

Widening the Scope of Scenario Planning in Small Communities: a Case Study Use of an Alternative Method
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rawluk, Andrea; University of Alberta; ajrawluk@ualberta.ca; Godber, Annelise; McGill University.; annelise.godber@mail.mcgill.ca.
Scenario planning can be invaluable for empowerment and learning in resource dependent communities. Pre-existing scenario planning methods call for collaboration between community members, but when cultural norms prevented men, women, and youth from coming together in the community of Ukupseni in Panama, the authors and community sought to devise an alternative method. The research objectives were twofold. First, to develop an alternative scenario planning method that would facilitate learning among decision makers about community needs and perspectives, and second, to explore ways to direct desired futures. Instead of forecasting through community-wide collaboration and backcasting with the creation of one vision through consensus, forecasting used...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Backcasting; Collaboration; Forecasting; Kuna Yala; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2011

In Search of Intelligent Life ...
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rowe, Stan; University of Saskatchewan (Emeritus); stanrowe@netidea.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Response to: "Electronic Field Guides and User Communities in the Eco-informatics Revolution"
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Burton, John A; ; jab@worldlandtrust.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Bibliography; Field guide; History.
Ano: 2006

Sustainability Learning in Natural Resource Use and Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Modelling social-ecological systems; Social learning; Sustainability.
Ano: 2007

The Role of Fire in Changing Land Use and Livelihoods in Riau-Sumatra
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry (ICRAF); suyanto@cgiar.org; Applegate, Grahame; ; grahame_applegate@urscorp.com; Permana, Rizki Pandu; ; R_pandupermana@yahoo.com; Khususiyah, Noviana; ; Nkhususiyah@cgiar.org; Kurniawan, Iwan; ; i.kurniawan@cgiar.org.
Results from remote sensing analysis, participatory mapping, socio-economic interviews, and hotspot information that were analyzed in a geographic information system (GIS) show how fire has changed the landscape through its use in land preparation for oil palm and timber plantations and in the development of transmigration settlements. These timber and oil palm plantations have greatly altered the livelihood options of the communities, and have created conflict between communities and companies over land-use allocation and tenure. In many cases, conflict over tenure has been the motive for forest and land fires during the annual dry season. The study suggests that, where partnerships between communities and companies were established to develop oil palm...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest fire; Indonesia; Land fire; Oil palm plantation; Partnership; Sumatra; Tenure conflict; Timber plantation.
Ano: 2004

Practices and Lessons Learned in Coping with Climatic Hazards at the River-Basin Scale: Floods and Droughts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krysanova, Valentina; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; krysanova@pik-potsdam.de; Buiteveld, Hendrik; Center for Water Management; h.buiteveld@riza.rws.minvenw.nl; Haase, Dagmar; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; dagmar.haase@ufz.de; Hattermann, Fred F; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; hattermann@pik-potsdam.de; van Niekerk, Kate; Institute of Natural Resources; VanNiekerk@ukzn.ac.za; Roest, Koen; Alterra - Wageningen University and Research Centre; Koen.Roest@wur.nl.
Climatic hazards such as floods and droughts have always been a primary matter of concern for human populations. Severe floods damage settlements, transport networks, and arable land. Although devastating droughts are harmful primarily for agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems, they can also lead to local water supply shortages. Despite significant achievements in science and technology and success stories in environmental management in the 20th century, people still continue to suffer the consequences of climate hazards worldwide. This paper provides an overview of existing practices for coping with floods and droughts, compares strategies in different river basins, and outlines the areas that need improvement. First, the existing protection measures and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amudarya; Climate change; Climatic hazards; Coping strategy; Drought; Elbe; Flood; Guadiana; Nile; Orange; Rhine; Tisza; Water resources management.
Ano: 2008

The study of human values in understanding and managing social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Natalie A.; University of Queensland; n.jones3@uq.edu.au; Shaw, Sylvie; University of Queensland; sylvie.shaw@internode.on.net; Ross, Helen; University of Queensland; helen.ross@uq.edu.au; Witt, Katherine; University of Queensland; k.witt@uq.edu.au; Pinner, Breanna; University of Queensland; breannapinner@gmail.com.
The study of cognition can provide key insights into the social dimension of coupled social-ecological systems. Values are a fundamental aspect of cognition, which have largely been neglected within the social-ecological systems literature. Values represent the deeply held, emotional aspects of people&amp;#8217;s cognition and can complement the use of other cognitive constructs, such as knowledge and mental models, which have so far been better represented in this area of study. We provide a review of the different conceptualizations of values that are relevant to the study of human-environment interactions: held, assigned, and relational values. We discuss the important contribution values research can make toward understanding how social-ecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Human-nature relationships; Values.
Ano: 2016

Wildlife Conservation in Bornean Timber Concessions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meijaard, Erik; The Nature Conservancy-East Kalimantan; emeijaard@TNC.ORG; Sheil, Douglas; Center for International Forestry Research; d.sheil@cgiar.org; Stanley, Scott A.; The Nature Conservancy-East Kalimantan; sstanley@tnc.org.
Based on an extensive review of the literature, and broad consultation with experts, we have assessed the sensitivity of Bornean vertebrates to the direct and indirect effects of timber harvest. Well-implemented selective logging has a relatively limited direct impact on wildlife populations: few species appear quite sensitive, some benefit, some decline. However, current management practices in Indonesian Borneo generally cause a decline in wildlife populations. Guidelines for sustainable forest management are primarily focused on trees, with few specific recommendations on how to sustainably manage wildlife populations in timber concessions. Based on our findings, we provide extensive wildlife management guidelines, pointing out the importance of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Asia; Biodiversity; Borneo; Disturbance; Hunting; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2006

Pathogens, disease, and the social-ecological resilience of protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Vos, Alta; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Rhodes University, South Africa; a.devos@ru.ac.za; Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; graeme.cumming@jcu.edu.au; Cumming, David  H. M.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Tropical Resource Ecology Programme, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; cumming@icon.co.zw; Ament, Judith M.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; judith.ament@uct.ac.za; Baum, Julia; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; jubaum5@gmail.com; Clements, Hayley S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; clementshayley@gmail.com; Grewar, John D; Western Cape Government, Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa; JohnG@elsenburg.com; Maciejewski, Kristine; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Krismacski@gmail.com; Moore, Christine; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK; christine.moore@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
It is extremely important for biodiversity conservation that protected areas are resilient to a range of potential future perturbations. One of the least studied influences on protected area resilience is that of disease. We argue that wildlife disease (1) is a social-ecological problem that must be approached from an interdisciplinary perspective; (2) has the potential to lead to changes in the identity of protected areas, possibly transforming them; and (3) interacts with conservation both directly (via impacts on wild animals, livestock, and people) and indirectly (via the public, conservation management, and veterinary responses). We use southern African protected areas as a case study to test a framework for exploring the connections between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Disease; Identity; Pathogens; Protected areas; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Southern Africa.
Ano: 2016

Social Vulnerability and Ecological Fragility: Building Bridges between Social and Natural Sciences Using the Irish Potato Famine as a Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fraser, Evan D. G.; Leeds Institute for Environmental Science and Management; evan@env.leeds.ac.uk.
Between 1845 and 1850, a potato blight triggered a famine that killed or displaced 25% of the Irish population. Aside from its historical and cultural significance, the Irish Potato Famine illustrates how social and economic forces can create vulnerability to environmental disturbance. Therefore, studying the famine contributes to the on-going academic debate on theories to combine social and environmental data. This paper explores the conditions leading to the Irish famine using the &amp;#8220;Entitlement&amp;#8221; framework of Sen (1980) and the &amp;#8220;Panarchy&amp;#8221; model proposed by Gunderson and Holling (2002). Entitlement theory allows us to better understand how community food security may become vulnerable over time as different social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Entitlement theory; Famine; Food security; Ireland; Panarchy.
Ano: 2003

Integrating Ecology and Society to Navigate Turbulence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Janssen, Marco; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2005

A Different Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2008

Collapse of a historic oyster fishery: diagnosing causes and identifying paths toward increased resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Camp, Edward V.; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; edvcamp@ufl.edu; Pine III, William E.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; billpine@ufl.edu; Havens, Karl; Florida Sea Grant College Program and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; khavens@ufl.edu; Kane, Andrew S.; Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratories, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; Center for Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida; kane@ufl.edu; Walters, Carl J.; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Irani, Tracy; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department, University of Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; irani@ufl.edu; Lindsey, Angela B; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; Family, Youth and Community Sciences Department and Center of Public Issues Education, University of Florida; ablindsey@ufl.edu; Morris, Jr., J. Glenn; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida; College of Medicine, University of Florida; JGMorris@epi.ufl.edu.
Diagnosing causal factors of change at the ecosystem level is challenging because multiple drivers often interact at various spatial and temporal scales. We employ an integrated natural and social science approach to assess potential mechanisms leading to the collapse of an estuarine social-ecological system, and recommend future paths to increased system resilience. Our case study is the collapse of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA, and the associated impacts on local resource dependent communities. The oyster fishery collapse is the most recent in a series of environmental stressors to this region, which have included hurricanes and tropical storms, drought, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We found...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Community resilience; Drought; Estuaries; Oyster fishery.
Ano: 2015

Using fuzzy cognitive mapping as a participatory approach to analyze change, preferred states, and perceived resilience of social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gray, Steven A; University of Massachusetts, School for the Environment; stevenallangray@gmail.com; Gray, Stefan; Coastal &amp; Marine Research Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork; S.Gray@ucc.ie; De Kok, Jean Luc; VITO NV, Flemish Institute for Technological Research; Jean-Luc.DeKok@vito.be; Helfgott, Ariella E. R.; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; ariella.helfgott@ouce.ox.ac.uk; O'Dwyer, Barry; Coastal &amp; Marine Research Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork; B.ODwyer@ucc.ie; Jordan, Rebecca; Rutgers University, Department of Human Ecology; jordan@aesop.rutgers.edu; Nyaki, Angela; University of Hawaii Manoa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management; angelsolow@yahoo.com.
There is a growing interest in the use of fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) as a participatory method for understanding social-ecological systems (SESs). In recent years, FCM has been used in a diverse set of contexts ranging from fisheries management to agricultural development, in an effort to generate transparent graphical models of complex systems that are useful for decision making, illuminate the core presumptions of environmental stakeholders, and structure environmental problems for scenario development. This increase in popularity is because of FCM&amp;#8217;s bottom-up approach and its ability to incorporate a range of individual, community-level, and expert knowledge into an accessible and standardized format. Although there has been an increase in...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Fuzzy cognitive mapping; Participatory modeling; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

Rules Compliance and Age: Experimental Evidence with Fishers from the Amazon River
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lopez, Maria Claudia; Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, USA; mclopezperez@gmail.com.
We report the results of common-pool resource economic experiments conducted with indigenous communities in the Colombian Amazon. The experiments recreate two contexts: a limited open access with no institutions regulating the fisheries and a nonmonetary external regulation that limits individual extraction when a fisher is found to be overextracting. We find that variables that did not explain behavior under limited open access do so under the regulatory institution. In particular, when the nonmonetary external regulation was introduced, we found a nonlinear significant effect of age on individual harvest. This result implies a negative relationship between age and individual extraction that reaches a peak around age 54. Our results suggest that in our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Age; Common-pool resources; Field experiments  regulations; Social dilemmas.
Ano: 2013

Understanding stakeholder preferences for flood adaptation alternatives with natural capital implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loos, Jonathon R; Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University; jonathon.loos@gmail.com; Rogers, Shannon H; Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University; shrogers@plymouth.edu.
Inland flood risks are defined by a range of environmental and social factors, including land use and floodplain management. Shifting patterns of storm intensity and precipitation, attributed to climate change, are exacerbating flood risk in regions across North America. Strategies for adapting to growing flood risks and climate change must account for a community&amp;#8217;s specific vulnerabilities, and its local economic, environmental, and social conditions. Through a stakeholder-engaged methodology, we designed an interactive decision exercise to enable stakeholders to evaluate alternatives for addressing specific community flood vulnerabilities. We used a multicriteria framework to understand what drives stakeholder preferences for flood mitigation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based adaptation; Flood; Hazard planning; Multicriteria decision making; Stakeholder values; Utility theory.
Ano: 2016

A Contextual Analysis of Land-Use and Vegetation Changes in Two Wooded Pastures in the Swiss Jura Mountains
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wettstein, Jean-Bruno; Bureau d'agronomie, Switzerland; jeanbrunowettstein97@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2013

A systemic framework for context-based decision making in natural resource management: reflections on an integrative assessment of water and livelihood security outcomes following policy reform in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pollard, Sharon; The Association for Water and Rural Development; sharon@award.org.za; Biggs, Harry; SANParks; Harry.Biggs@sanparks.org; Du Toit, Derick R; The Association for Water and Rural Development; derick@award.org.za.
We aimed to contribute to the field of natural resource management (NRM) by introducing an alternative systemic context-based framework for planning, research, and decision making, which we expressed practically in the development of a decision-making &amp;#8220;tool&amp;#8221; or method. This holistic framework was developed in the process of studying a specific catchment area, i.e., the Sand River Catchment, but we have proposed that it can be generalized to studying the complexities of other catchment areas. Using the lens of systemic resilience to think about dynamic and complex environments differently, we have reflected on the development of a systemic framework for understanding water and livelihood security under transformation in postapartheid...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Decision making; Dynamic; Governance; IWRM; Livelihood security; Resilience; SES; Social-ecological systems; Transdisciplinarity; Transformation.
Ano: 2014

Theories for Sustainable Futures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Pastoralists&amp;#8217; Perception and Ecological Knowledge on Savanna Ecosystem Dynamics in Semi-arid Botswana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kgosikoma, Olaotswe; Department of Agricultural Research; University of Edinburgh; mfana450@yahoo.com; Mojeremane, Witness; Botswana College of Agriculture; wmojeremane@yahoo.com; Harvie, Barbra A.; University of Edinburgh; barbra.harvie@ed.ac.uk.
We investigated vegetation dynamics in relation to livestock grazing as perceived by pastoral farmers in different regions of Botswana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect farmers&amp;#8217; understanding of vegetation changes and causes within three different grazing lands. The pastoral farmers&amp;#8217; description of dominant vegetation differed significantly both at the local and district level, which suggests that rangelands consist of patches dominated by different grasses and woody vegetation. Most pastoralists indicated that grass composition has undergone changes, and unpalatable grasses such as Aristida congesta and Megaloprotachne albescens are increasing. The different factors perceived by pastoral farmers to cause changes in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communal grazing; Indigenous ecological knowledge  livestock; Ranching; Rangeland degradation.
Ano: 2012

Transforming Innovation for Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leach, Melissa; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; m.leach@ids.ac.uk; Raskin, Paul; Tellus Institute, Boston;; Scoones, Ian; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; i.scoones@ids.ac.uk; Stirling, Andy C; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; a.c.stirling@sussex.ac.uk; Smith, Adrian; STEPS Centre, University of Sussex; a.g.smith@sussex.ac.uk; Thompson, John; ; j.thompson@ids.ac.uk; Millstone, Erik; ; e.p.millstone@sussex.ac.uk; Ely, Adrian; ; a.v.ely@sussex.ac.uk; Arond, Elisa; ;; Folke, Carl; ; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Olsson, Per; ; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se.
The urgency of charting pathways to sustainability that keep human societies within a "safe operating space" has now been clarified. Crises in climate, food, biodiversity, and energy are already playing out across local and global scales and are set to increase as we approach critical thresholds. Drawing together recent work from the Stockholm Resilience Centre, the Tellus Institute, and the STEPS Centre, this commentary article argues that ambitious Sustainable Development Goals are now required along with major transformation, not only in policies and technologies, but in modes of innovation themselves, to meet them. As examples of dryland agriculture in East Africa and rural energy in Latin America illustrate, such "transformative innovation" needs to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Development goals; Grassroots; Planetary boundaries; Sustainable innovation; Sustainability.
Ano: 2012

Comparison of Frameworks for Analyzing Social-ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Binder, Claudia R.; University of Munich; claudia.binder@lmu.de; Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum e.V. (GCF) Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; hinkel@globalclimateforum.org; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; P.W.G.Bots@tudelft.nl.
In this paper we compare 10 established frameworks for analyzing social-ecological systems. We limited ourselves to frameworks that were explicitly designed to be used by a wider community of researchers and practitioners. Although all these frameworks seem to have emerged from the need for concepts that permit structured, interdisciplinary reasoning about complex problems in social-ecological systems, they differ significantly with respect to contextual and structural criteria, such as conceptualization of the ecological and social systems and their interrelation. It appears that three main criteria suffice to produce a classification of frameworks that may be used as a decision tree when choosing a framework for analysis. These criteria are (i) whether a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropocentric; Conceptualization; Decision tree; Dynamics; Ecocentric; Ecological system; Framework; Human-environment systems; Social-ecological systems; Social system.
Ano: 2013

The Mathematical Biology of Human Infections
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nowak, Martin A; Institute for Advanced Study; nowak@ias.edu.
Humans are constant victims of infectious diseases. Biomedical research during this century has led to important insights into the molecular details of immune defense. Yet, many questions relating to disease require a quantitative understanding of the complex systems that arise from the nonlinear interactions between populations of immune cells and infectious agents. Exploration of such questions has lead to a newly emerging field of mathematical biology describing the spread of infectious agents both within and between infected individuals. This essay will discuss simple and complex models of evolution, and the propagation of virus and prion infections. Such models provide new perspectives for our understanding of infectious disease and provide guidelines...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CTL response; HIV; Antivirals; Epidemiology; Immune response; Infectious diseases; Mathematical biology; Models of evolution; Prions; Resistance; Treatment; Viruses.
Ano: 1999

An Update on the Scholarly Networks on Resilience, Vulnerability, and Adaptation within the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
In Janssen et al. (2006), we presented a bibliometric analysis of the resilience, vulnerability, and adaptation knowledge domains within the research activities on human dimensions of global environmental change. We have updated the analysis because 2 years have gone by since the original analysis, and 1113 more publications can now be added to the database. We analyzed how the resulting 3399 publications between 1967 and 2007 are related in terms of co-authorship and citations.  The rapid increase in the number of publications in the three knowledge domains continued over the last 2 years, and we still see an overlap between the knowledge domains. We were also able to identify the &amp;#8220;hot&amp;#8221; publications of the last 2 years.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Bibliometric analysis; Citations; Resilience; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2007

Challenges in Regulating Pesticide Mixtures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lydy, Michael; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; mlydy@siu.edu; Belden, Jason; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; jbelden@siu.edu; Wheelock, Craig; University of California at Davis; cewheelock@ucdavis.edu; Hammock, Bruce; University of California at Davis; bdhammock@ucdavis.edu; Denton, Debra; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Denton.Debra@epamail.epa.gov.
This paper introduces the field of mixture toxicity and the challenges in regulating pesticide mixtures. Even though pesticides are unique chemical stressors designed to have biological activity that can affect a number of nontarget species, they are intentionally placed into the environment in large quantities. Currently, methods and terminology for evaluating mixture toxicity are poorly established. The most common approach used is the assumption of additive concentration, with the concentrations adjusted for potency to a reference toxicant. Using this approach, the joint action of pesticides that have similar chemical structures and modes of toxic action can be predicted. However, this approach and other modeling techniques often provide little insight...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: EPA; Additive toxicity; Concentration addition; Independent action; Mixtures; Pesticides; Regulations; Risk cup; Toxicity; Toxicity assessment.
Ano: 2004

Thresholds in Ecological and Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems: a Developing Database
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Meyers, Jacqueline A; ; jacqui.meyers@csiro.au.
Increasing interest in regime shifts in ecological and linked social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SESs) has placed a strong focus on the thresholds of change. However, research into this topic has been hampered by a lack of empirical data. This paper describes a developing database established to address this need. The database is freely available and comprises a set of summarized published examples and a searchable bibliographic database of publications on the topic. Thresholds in the database are characterized in terms of a standardized set of 24 descriptors, including the variables along which they occur, the variables that change, and the factors that have driven the change. Readers are encouraged to contribute new examples. Examples range from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternate states  database  ecosystems  regime shifts  resilience  social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems  thresholds.
Ano: 2004

Good year, bad year: changing strategies, changing networks? A two-year study on seed acquisition in northern Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Analysis of seed exchange networks at a single point in time may reify sporadic relations into apparently fixed and long-lasting ones. In northern Cameroon, where environment is not only strongly seasonal but also shows unpredictable interannual variation, farmers&amp;#8217; social networks are flexible from year to year. When adjusting their strategies, Tupuri farmers do not systematically solicit the same partners to acquire the desired propagules. Seed acquisitions documented during a single cropping season may thus not accurately reflect the underlying larger social network that can be mobilized at the local level. To test this hypothesis, we documented, at the outset of two cropping seasons (2010 and 2011), the relationships through which seeds were...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Climate variability; Gender; Kinship relationships; Longitudinal network analysis; Seed exchange networks.
Ano: 2016

A First Nations-led social innovation: a moose, a gold mining company, and a policy window
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Daniel D. P.; University of Waterloo; dmccarth@uwaterloo.ca; Millen, Martin; Anishanaabe Maamwaye Aki Kiigayewin ; firestarter4812@yahoo.ca; Boyden, Mary; Porcupine Gold Mines; mary.boyden@goldcorp.com; Alexiuk, Erin ; University of Waterloo; ealexiuk@gmail.com; Larkman, Dorothy; University of Waterloo; manaupin@hotmail.com; Rowe, Giidaakunadaad (Nancy); University of Waterloo; giidaakunadaad@gmail.com; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca.
A recent focusing event involving the death of a moose in the Dome open-pit mine in the community of Timmins, in northern Ontario, Canada has triggered the opening of a policy window related to the governance of resource extraction by indigenous peoples. This event, combined with several other factors, including: (1) the high price of gold; (2) a mining company seeking to demonstrate corporate social responsibility to repair its international reputation with indigenous peoples by supporting an innovative, local Indigenous-led initiative; and (3) a new policy context, including Supreme Court of Canada decisions and provisions in the updated Ontario Mining Act, that require meaningful consultation with indigenous peoples has led to the emergence of a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Critical indigenous research; Indigenous-led innovation; Policy window; Social innovation; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2014

Traditional Knowledge in Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2004

The global policy network behind integrated water resources management: is it an effective norm diffusor?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kramer, Annika; adelphi research; kramer@adelphi.de; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de.
Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been recognized by many actors as the appropriate approach to respond to challenges in water resources management in a sustainable way. The main players in developing and diffusing the IWRM concept have included expert groups, international organizations, and multistakeholder platforms, which cooperated in various activities promoting the IWRM concept, such as knowledge generation and sharing, capacity building, and monitoring. A loose network of these actors has actively shaped and engaged in a global discourse on sustainable water resources management and managed to authoritatively shape the IWRM concept. The processes behind the spread of the IWRM concept can thus be conceptualized as development and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated water resources management; Nonstate actors in global governance; Norm diffusion; Policy network; Social learning.
Ano: 2014

Biblical Influences on  Conservation:  an Examination of the Apparent Sustainability of Kosher Seafood
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Phillip S.; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; phil.levin@noaa.gov; Azose, Joel; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Conservation Biology Division;; Anderson, Sean; Environmental Science and Resource Management Program, California State University Channel Islands; sean.anderson@csuci.edu.
As a response to widespread concern about the state of marine ecosystems and the perceived failure of existing policies, many organizations are developing market-based instruments that promote sustainability. Eco-standards such as shopping guides, eco-labels, and stewardship certifications are now commonplace. However, in many cultures dietary guidelines have existed for thousands of years, and anthropologists have argued that such dietary rules emerged to reduce environmental impacts by encouraging exploitation of productive species, increasing ecological efficiency, or decreasing harvest of apex predators. We explored some of the environmental consequences for marine and aquatic systems of one of the more familiar ancient dietary traditions, keeping...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Conservation; Eco-label; Kosher; Marine conservation; Religion; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

Institutional Fit and River Basin Governance: a New Approach Using Multiple Composite Measures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Nikitina, Elena; Ecopolicy, Moscow, Russian Federation; elenanikitina@bk.ru; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck, Germany; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Knieper, Christian; Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck, Germany; cknieper@uni-osnabrueck.de.
The notion that effective environmental governance depends in part on achieving a reasonable fit between institutional arrangements and the features of ecosystems and their interconnections with users has been central to much thinking about social-ecological systems for more than a decade. Based on expert consultations this study proposes a set of six dimensions of fit for water governance regimes and then empirically explores variation in measures of these in 28 case studies of national parts of river basins in Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa drawing on a database compiled by the Twin2Go project. The six measures capture different but potentially important dimensions of fit: allocation, integration, conservation, basinization, participation, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Indicators; Institutional fit; Measuring fit; River basin management; Water governance.
Ano: 2013

Managing the Cumulative Impacts of Land Uses in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin: A Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schneider, Richard, R.; Ministik Environmental Consulting; rschneid@icrossroads.com; Stelfox, J. Brad; Forem Technologies; bstelfox@telusplanet.net; Boutin, Stan; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta; Stan.Boutin@ualberta.ca; Wasel, Shawn; Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.; waselsh@alpac.ca.
This case study from northeastern Alberta, Canada, demonstrates a fundamentally different approach to forest management in which stakeholders balance conservation and economic objectives by weighing current management options from the point of view of their long-term effects on the forest. ALCES&amp;#0174;, a landscape-scale simulation model, is used to quantify the effects of the current regulatory framework and typical industrial practices on a suite of ecological and economic indicators over the next 100 yr. These simulations suggest that, if current practices continue, the combined activities of the energy and forestry industries in our 59,000 km2 study area will cause the density of edge of human origin to increase from 1.8 km/km  2 to a maximum of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin; Boreal forest; Cumulative industrial impacts; Forestry industry; Integrated resource management; Petroleum industry; Simulation model.
Ano: 2003

Weed Control as a Rationale for Restoration: The Example of Tallgrass Prairie
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blumenthal, Dana M; University of Minnesota; dblumenthal@npa.ars.usda.gov; Jordan, Nicholas R; University of Minnesota; perr0128@tc.umn.edu; Svenson, Elizabeth L; University of Minnesota; esvenso1@swarthmore.edu.
The potential weed control benefits of ecological restoration are rarely cited and largely unstudied. Nevertheless, the nature of many restoration target communities, i.e., diverse, late-successional communities, suggests that restoration may control weeds and that the invasibility of plant communities may decrease with both diversity and successional age. Given the high cost of weed control in nonagricultural land, weed control benefits could be a strong incentive for restoration efforts. We examined the cumulative effects of restoration on weed populations 7 yr after tallgrass prairie restoration on a Minnesota sand plain. The numbers and biomass of volunteer weeds were compared among randomized plots with (1) no restoration, (2) prairie seed addition,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community invasibility; Invasion; Prairie; Restoration; Succession; Weed competition; Weed control; Weeds.
Ano: 2003

Legitimacy, Adaptation, and Resilience in Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cosens, Barbara A; University of Idaho College of Law; bcosens@uidaho.edu.
Ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system.  In addition, expansion of that effort to social-ecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem management.  However, these changes to governance needed to foster ecosystem resilience will not be adopted by democratic societies without careful attention to their effect on the social system itself.  Delegation of increased flexibility for adaptive management to resource management agencies must include careful attention to assuring that increased flexibility is exercised in a manner that is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecosystem management; Law; Legitimacy; Networks; Policy; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Potential Methodological Flaw in the Examination of the Effects of Logging
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Central Africa; Logged-over forests; Logging impacts.
Ano: 2005

A Cautionary Note on Individual Transferable Quotas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sumaila, U. Rashid; UBC Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; r.sumaila@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) are a type of catch share system, which is a tool used by some governments to manage fisheries. Technical reasons for taking a rather cautious approach to the implementation of ITQs have been provided previously. In the current contribution, I first highlight the strengths and weaknesses of ITQs and then provide suggestions on how to design and implement these quotas to mitigate their weaknesses. ITQs need to be designed carefully as part of a broad ecosystem-based management scheme to meet the three generally accepted objectives of modern fisheries management: ecological, economic, and social sustainability.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catch shares; Ecological sustainability; Economic sustainability; Economic efficiency; Exclusive and transferable rights; Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Fisheries; Individual transferable quotas; ITQs; Social sustainability.
Ano: 2010

A Wall out of Place: a Hydrological and Sociocultural Analysis of Physical Changes to the Lakeshore of Como, Italy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Laborde, Sarah; Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia; School of Social and Cultural Studies, University of Western Australia; laborde@cwr.uwa.edu.au; Imberger, Jorg; Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia; jimberger@cwr.uwa.edu.au; Toussaint, Sandy; School of Social and Cultural Studies, University of Western Australia; Centre for Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia; sandy.toussaint@uwa.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-disciplinary science; Flood mitigation; Italy; Lake catchment governance; Place attachment; Social movement; Technocratic planning.
Ano: 2012

Strengthening threatened communities through adaptation: insights from coastal Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; jessica.blythe@jcu.edu.au; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University; grant.murray@viu.ca; Flaherty, Mark; University of Victoria; flaherty@office.geog.uvic.ca.
Change is a defining characteristic of coastal social-ecological systems, yet the magnitude and speed of contemporary change is challenging the adaptive capacity of even the most robust coastal communities.  In the context of multiple drivers of change, it has become increasingly important to identify how threatened communities adapt to livelihood stressors.  We investigate how adaptation is negotiated in two coastal fishing communities by documenting livelihood stressors, household assets, adaptive strategies, and factors that facilitate or inhibit adaptation.  Declining catch is the most common stressor being experienced in both communities, however, socioeconomic, e.g., disease or theft, and ecological, e.g., severe storms and drought, changes are also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Diversification; Intensification; Livelihoods; Small-scale fisheries.
Ano: 2014

Response to: Green Light for Nocturnally Migrating Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, William R; Old Bird Inc.; admin@oldbird.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Ano: 2010

A Real Options Approach to Forest-Management Decision Making to Protect Caribou under the Threat of Extinction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morgan, Don G.; British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range; Don.Morgan@gov.bc.ca.
Uncertainty is a dominant feature of decision making in forestry and wildlife management. Aggravating this challenge is the irreversibility of some decisions, resulting in the loss of economic opportunities or the extirpation of wildlife populations. We adapted the real options approach from economic theory to develop a methodology to evaluate a resource management decision to stop timber harvesting when a woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) population becomes threatened with extinction. In our study area of central Labrador, Canada, both caribou and timber harvesting are valued ecosystem services. By using a decision rule, which incorporates future developments, the real options approach provides a technique to incorporate ecological and social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Real options; Forest planning; Wildlife management; Caribou; Labrador.
Ano: 2008

Road Zone Effects in Small-Mammal Communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bissonette, John A.; USGS Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Wildlands Resources, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University; john.bissonette@usu.edu; Rosa, Silvia A.; USGS-Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Wildlands Resources, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University; silviarosa2007@gmail.com.
Our study focused on the putative effects of roads on small-mammal communities in a high desert region of southern Utah. Specifically, we tested whether or not roads create adjacent zones characterized by lower small- mammal densities, abundance, and diversity. We sampled abundance of small mammals at increasing distances from Interstate 15 during two summers. We recorded 11 genera and 13 species. We detected no clear abundance, density, or diversity effects relative to distance from the road. Only two of 13 species  were never captured near roads. The abundance of the remaining 11 small mammal species was either similar at different distances from the road or higher closer to the road. We conclude that although roads may act as barriers and possible...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Density; Desert; Habitat quality; Road ecology; Species abundance; Utah; Vertebrate abundance.
Ano: 2009

Considering the Relationships among Social Conflict, Social Imaginaries, Resilience, and Community-based Organization Leadership
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stephenson, Jr., Max O.; Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance; mstephen@exchange.vt.edu.
This article focuses on the question of what role community-based organization leaders play in shaping the possibility for the emergence of new social imaginaries.  It argues that deep social conflicts and efforts to secure purposive change are likely to demand strong civil society organization response and that certain forms of imagination are necessary and must be actively employed among community-based leaders if new imaginaries are to be discerned and effectively shared in ways that encourage sustained dialogue and the development of new social understandings. The article explores these briefly and draws illustratively upon two relevant examples from the peacebuilding literature to contend that such imagination-led leadership is necessary to catalyze...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Post-conflict situations; Resilience; Social imaginaries.
Ano: 2011

Historical Regimes and Social Indicators of Resilience in an Urban System: the Case of Charleston, South Carolina
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bures, Regina; University of Florida; rbures@ufl.edu; Kanapaux, William; University of Florida; kanapaux@ufl.edu.
Employing the adaptive cycle and panarchy in perturbed urban systems can contribute to a better understanding of how these systems respond to broad-scale changes such as war and sea level rise. In this paper we apply a resilience perspective to examine regime shifts in Charleston, South Carolina from a historical perspective. We then look more closely at changes that occurred in Charleston in recent decades, including Hurricane Hugo, and the potential effects of these changes on resilience of the social-ecological system to future shocks. We close with a discussion combining social and ecological perspectives to examine future regime-shift scenarios in the Charleston case and suggest ways to better understand resilience in other coastal urban systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Charleston  South Carolina; Regime shifts; Resilience; Sea-level rise; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Ecosystems and Immune Systems: Hierarchical Response Provides Resilience against Invasions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Complex systems; Cross-scale; Ecosystem management; Immune systems; Institutions; Resilience; Scale.
Ano: 2001

How accurate is the local ecological knowledge of protected area practitioners?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cook, Carly N.; University of Melbourne; University of Queensland; carly.cook@unimelb.edu.au; Wardell-Johnson, Grant; Curtin University; G.Wardell-Johnson@curtin.edu.au; Carter, R. W.; University of the Sunshine Coast; Bcarter@usc.edu.au; Hockings, Marc; University of Queensland; m.hockings@uq.edu.au.
The scarcity of environmental data means that other sources of information are needed to complement empirical evidence for conservation decisions. By regularly interacting with their local environment, protected area practitioners may generate local ecological knowledge (LEK) that can be used to inform management decisions. However, the accuracy of LEK is generally poorly understood, and no studies have assessed the accuracy of practitioners&amp;#8217; personal knowledge, leading to a vital gap in our ability to best use this information to guide management. We measured the accuracy of practitioners&amp;#8217; knowledge of the vegetation condition within protected areas, relative to an empirical vegetation condition assessment tool. Despite the vast...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation decisions; Environmental management; Evaluation; Local ecological knowledge; Vegetation condition.
Ano: 2014

Ways of farming and ways of thinking: do farmers&amp;#8217; mental models of the landscape relate to their land management practices?
Provedor de dados: 7
The efficiency of the European Union&amp;#8217;s Common Agricultural Policy in mitigating the negative effects of agricultural intensification on the landscape and biodiversity is increasingly being questioned. Enhancing a reciprocal understanding of various stakeholders&amp;#8217; mental models of agro-social-ecosystems has been proposed to trigger changes in both policy design and farmers&amp;#8217; behaviors. However, the relationship between farmers&amp;#8217; mental models and practices is rarely considered. Here, we explore the relationship between farmers&amp;#8217; individual mental models (IMMs) of the agricultural landscape and their land management practices. To do so, we developed a theoretical and methodological framework grounded in cognitive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural public policies; Common Agricultural Policy; Farming systems; Landscape management; Social representations; Social-ecological interdependencies.
Ano: 2016

Complexity, Modeling, and Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cilliers, Paul; University of Stellenbosch; fpc@sun.ac.za; Biggs, Harry C.; South African National Parks; biggs@sanparks.org; Blignaut, Sonja; The Narrative Lab; sonja@narrativelab.co.za; Choles, Aiden G.; The Narrative Lab; aiden@narrativelab.co.za; Hofmeyr, Jan-Hendrik S.; University of Stellenbosch; jhsh@sun.ac.za; Jewitt, Graham P. W.; University of Kwazulu Natal; jewittg@ukzn.ac.za; Roux, Dirk J.; South African National Parks; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Monash South Africa; dirkr@sanparks.org.
This paper contends that natural resource management (NRM) issues are, by their very nature, complex and that both scientists and managers in this broad field will benefit from a theoretical understanding of complex systems. It starts off by presenting the core features of a view of complexity that not only deals with the limits to our understanding, but also points toward a responsible and motivating position. Everything we do involves explicit or implicit modeling, and as we can never have comprehensive access to any complex system, we need to be aware both of what we leave out as we model and of the implications of the choice of our modeling framework. One vantage point is never sufficient, as complexity necessarily implies that multiple (independent)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Diversity; Management; Mental models; Resilience; Social complexity; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Regional Farm Diversity Can Reduce Vulnerability of Food Production to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reidsma, Pytrik; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University; pytrik.reidsma@wur.nl; Ewert, Frank; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University; Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; frank.ewert@wur.nl.
Food production must adapt in the face of climate change. In Europe, projected vulnerability of food production to climate change is particularly high in Mediterranean regions. Increasing agricultural diversity has been suggested as an adaptation strategy, but empirical evidence is lacking. We analyzed the relationship between regional farm diversity (i.e., diversity among farm types) and the effects of climate variability on regional wheat (Triticum spp.) productivity. An extensive data set with information from more than 50&amp;nbsp;000 farms from 1990 to 2003 was analyzed, along with observed weather data. Our results suggest that the diversity in farm size and intensity, particularly high in Mediterranean regions, reduces vulnerability of regional...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Farm diversity; Regional crop productivity; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008

Exploring social representations of adapting to climate change using topic modeling and Bayesian networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Reflecting Society; James Cook University, Department of Anthropology; CSIRO; tim.lynam@internode.on.net.
When something unfamiliar emerges or when something familiar does something unexpected people need to make sense of what is emerging or going on in order to act. Social representations theory suggests how individuals and society make sense of the unfamiliar and hence how the resultant social representations (SRs) cognitively, emotionally, and actively orient people and enable communication. SRs are social constructions that emerge through individual and collective engagement with media and with everyday conversations among people.  Recent developments in text analysis techniques, and in particular topic modeling, provide a potentially powerful analytical method to examine the structure and content of SRs using large samples of narrative or text. In this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian network modeling; Climate change adaptation; Narrative; Sense making; Social representations; Text analysis; Topic modeling.
Ano: 2016

Understanding Human-Fire Interactions in Tropical Forest Regions: a Case for Interdisciplinary Research across the Natural and Social Sciences.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carmenta, Rachel; Lancaster Environment Centre; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); rcarmenta@hotmail.com; Parry, Luke; Lancaster Environment Centre; lukeparry1@gmail.com; Blackburn, Alan; Lancaster Environment Centre; alan.blackburn@lancaster.ac.uk; Vermeylen, Saskia; Lancaster Environment Centre; s.vermeylen@lancaster.ac.uk; Barlow, Jos; Lancaster Environment Centre; josbarlow@gmail.com.
Fire in the forested tropics has profound environmental, economic, and social impacts at multiple geographical scales.  Causes of tropical fires are widely documented, although research contributions are from many disciplines, and each tends to focus on specific facets of a research problem, which might limit understanding of fire as a complex social-ecological system. We conducted a systematic review to (1) examine geographic and methodological focus in tropical fire research; (2) identify which types of landholders are the focus of the research effort; (3) test for a research method effect on the variables, e.g., socio-political, economic, and climatic, identified as causes of and proposed management solutions to tropical fire; and (4) examine...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fire management; Interdisciplinary research; Multiscale analysis; Scale-pattern-process; Social-ecological systems; Tropical forests.
Ano: 2011

A social-ecological impact assessment for public lands management: application of a conceptual and methodological framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bentley Brymer, Amanda L; Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho; abentley.brymer@gmail.com; Holbrook, Joseph D.; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho; jholbrook03@gmail.com; Niemeyer, Ryan J.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington; rniemeyr@uw.edu; Suazo, Alexis A.; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; suaz0059@vandals.uidaho.edu; Wulfhorst, J. D.; Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho; Water Resources Program, University of Idaho; Department of Agricultural Economics &amp; Rural Sociology, University of Idaho; jd@uidaho.edu; Vierling, Kerri T.; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho; kerriv@uidaho.edu; Newingham, Beth A.; Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service; beth.newingham@ars.usda.gov; Link, Timothy E.; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; Water Resources Program, University of Idaho; tlink@uidaho.edu; Rachlow, Janet L.; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho; jrachlow@uidaho.edu.
According to the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), federal action to manipulate habitat for species conservation requires an environmental impact statement, which should integrate natural, physical, economic, and social sciences in planning and decision making. Nonetheless, most impact assessments focus disproportionately on physical or ecological impacts rather than integrating ecological and socioeconomic components. We developed a participatory social-ecological impact assessment (SEIA) that addresses the requirements of NEPA and integrates social and ecological concepts for impact assessments. We cooperated with the Bureau of Land Management in Idaho, USA on a project designed to restore habitat for the Greater Sage-Grouse...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deliberative workshops; Impact assessment; National Environmental Policy Act; NEPA; PPGIS; Public lands; Public participatory GIS; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016

Integrated science and art education for creative climate change communication
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jacobson, Susan K.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; jacobson@ufl.edu; Seavey, Jennifer R; Shoals Marine Laboratory; School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire; College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University; jennifer.seavey@unh.edu; Mueller, Robert C; School of Art and Art History, University of Florida; bmueller@ufl.edu.
An interdisciplinary field trip to a remote marine lab joined graduate students from fine arts and natural resource science departments to think creatively about the topic of climate change and science communication. We followed a learning cycle framework to allow the students to explore marine ecosystems and participate in scientific lectures, group discussions, and an artist-led project making abstract collages representing climate change processes. Students subsequently worked in small groups to develop environmental communication material for public visitors. We assessed the learning activity and the communication product using pre- and post-field trip participant surveys, focus group discussions, and critiques by art and communication experts of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collage; Creativity; Education; Environment; Field trip; Interpretation; Peer learning; Survey.
Ano: 2016

Bridging the Gap Between Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leefers, Larry; Michigan State University; leefers@pilot.msu.edu; Castillo, Gem; Michigan State University; Castil16@pilot.msu.edu.
Economics and ecology are often presented as opposing disciplines. Both fields have strengths and weaknesses. A new transdisciplinary field, ecological economics, attempts to bring together the strengths of both disciplines with a vision for a sustainable future. In this paper, we focus on one particular concept championed by ecological economists, natural capital. In particular, our interest is on the institutionalization of this concept through the United Nation's Satellite System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). SEEA is an international convention that incorporates natural resource accounting as a complement to the traditional System of National Accounts (SNA). In the case of boreal forests, the stocks and flows of forest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Circumpolar resources; Degradation; Depletion; Ecological economics; Michigan; Natural capital; Natural resources accounting; SEEA; Sustainability; United Nations Environment Programme; World Bank.
Ano: 1998

Coughenour, C. M., and S. Chamala. 2000. Conservation Tillage and Cropping Innovation: Constructing the New Culture of Agriculture. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blann, Kristen; University of Minnesota; klb@fw.umn.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

The Neglect of Governance in Forest Sector Vulnerability Assessments:  Structural-Functionalism and &amp;#8220;Black Box&amp;#8221; Problems in Climate Change Adaptation Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wellstead, Adam M.; Michigan Technological University; awellste@mtu.edu; Howlett, Michael; Simon Fraser University; Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; howlett@sfu.ca; Rayner, Jeremy; University of Saskatchewan; jeremy.rayner@usask.ca.
Efforts to develop extensive forest-based climate change vulnerability assessments have informed proposed management and policy options intended to promote improved on-the-ground policy outcomes. These assessments are derived from a rich vulnerability literature and are helpful in modeling complex ecosystem interactions, yet their policy relevance and impact has been limited. We argue this is due to structural-functional logic underpinning these assessments in which governance is treated as a procedural &amp;#8220;black box&amp;#8221; and policy-making as an undifferentiated and unproblematic output of a political system responding to input changes and/or system prerequisites. Like an earlier generation of systems or cybernetic thinking about political...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Forestry; Governance; Structural functionalism.
Ano: 2013

The Past and Future of Colorado&amp;#8217;s Forests: Connecting People and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Binkley, Dan; Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University; dan@cnr.colostate.edu; Duncan, Sally L.; Oregon State University; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu.
The future composition, structure, and dynamics of forests in Colorado will develop in response to both ecological and social factors. Key ecological factors that shaped forests in the past included a great diversity of climatic conditions that results from complex topography and a broad range of elevations, as well as legacies of long-term climate changes and responses of plant and animal species. The influence of direct and indirect human impacts has steadily increased over the past two centuries, changing most forests. A workshop examined how goals of sustaining ecosystems and biodiversity will depend on a confluence of ecological and social changes. Key themes from the workshop included an acknowledgment that the sheer complexity of factors and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest landscape dynamics; Historical range of variation; Natural range of variation.
Ano: 2009

Understanding Public Support for Indigenous Natural Resource Management in Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zander, Kerstin K; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; The Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University; kerstin.zander@cdu.edu.au.
Increased interest in indigenous-led natural resource management (NRM) on traditionally owned land in northern Australia has raised important questions in relation to policies that compensate indigenous Australians for providing environmental services. A choice experiment survey was mailed out to respondents across the whole of Australia to assess if and to what extent Australian people think that society benefits from these services and how much they would pay for them. More than half the respondents would in principle support indigenous NRM in northern Australia, with a high willingness to pay for carbon, biodiversity, and recreational services. Social aspects of indigenous NRM, however, were not valued by the society, emphasizing the need for awareness...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Conservation marketing; Environmental services; PES; Traditional country; Willingness to pay.
Ano: 2013

1. Address the what to do. 2. Income generation is first priority
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pasternak, Dov; ICRISAT; d.pasternak@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Going Transboundary?  An Institutional Analysis of Transboundary Protected Area Management Challenges at Mt Elgon, East Africa.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vedeld, Paul; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Noragric; pal.vedeld@umb.no; Vatn, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Noragric; arild.vatn@umb.no.
We analyze institutional challenges for a joint transboundary protected area regime. Employing the case of Mt Elgon in Uganda and Kenya, we use the concepts of fit and interplay to guide our examination in the challenges of the establishment of a transboundary protected area management (TBPAM) regime. Although transboundary regimes are thought to provide better fit for the resources, fitness is a contested phenomenon. The findings are critical to the perceived benefits of the TBPAM strategy in the form of one, fully integrated regional regime. We reveal how such a regime will be seriously constrained by the interplay of complex institutional factors. We moreover find evidence that TBPAM entails a reintroduction of the old top-down conservation paradigms,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Fit; Kenya; Protected areas; Institutions; Interplay; Transboundary conservation; Uganda.
Ano: 2013

Robustness and Resilience across Scales: Migration and Resource Degradation in the Prehistoric U.S. Southwest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; m.anderies@asu.edu; Hegmon, Michelle; School of Human Evolution and Social Change  Arizona State University, USA; Michelle.Hegmon@asu.edu.
Migration is arguably one of the most important processes that link ecological and social systems across scales. Humans (and other organisms) tend to move in pursuit of better resources (both social and environmental). Such mobility may serve as a coping mechanism for short-term local-scale dilemmas and as a means of distributing organisms in relation to resources. Movement also may be viewed as a shift to a larger scale; that is, while it may solve short-term local problems, it may simultaneously have longer term and larger scale consequences. We conduct a quantitative analysis using dynamic modeling motivated by an archaeological case study to explore the dynamics that arise when population movement serves as a link between spatial scales. We use the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Degradation; Migration; Natural resources; Resilience; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Results Chains:  a Tool for Conservation Action Design, Management, and Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Margoluis, Richard; Foundations of Success;; Stem, Caroline; Foundations of Success;; Swaminathan, Vinaya; Foundations of Success; vinaya@fosonline.org; Brown, Marcia; Foundations of Success;; Johnson, Arlyne; Foundations of Success;; Placci, Guillermo; Foundations of Success;; Salafsky, Nick; Foundations of Success; Nick@FOSonline.org; Tilders, Ilke; Foundations of Success;.
Every day, the challenges to achieving conservation grow.  Threats to species, habitats, and ecosystems multiply and intensify.  The conservation community has invested decades of resources and hard work to reduce or eliminate these threats.  However, it struggles to demonstrate that its efforts are having an impact. In recent years, conservation project managers, teams, and organizations have found themselves under increasing pressure to demonstrate measurable impacts that can be attributed to their actions.  To do so, they need to answer three important questions: (1) Are we achieving our desired impact?; (2) Have we selected the best interventions to achieve our desired impact?; and (3) Are we executing our interventions in the best possible manner?  We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Assumption; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Impact; Measure; Monitoring; Outcome; Planning; Results chains; Theory of change.
Ano: 2013

Assessing Future Ecosystem Services: a Case Study of the Northern Highlands Lake District, Wisconsin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Beard Jr., T. Douglas; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; BEARDT@dnr.state.wi.us; Beisner, Beatrix E; University of Wisconsin-Madison; bebeisner@facstaff.wisc.edu; Bennett, Elena M; University of Wisconsin-Madison; embennett@wisc.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu; Dent, C. Lisa; University of Wisconsin-Madison; ldent@facstaff.wisc.edu,; Havlicek, Tanya D; University of Wisconsin-Madison; TDHAVLIC@students.wisc.edu.
The Northern Highlands Lake District of Wisconsin is in transition from a sparsely settled region to a more densely populated one. Expected changes offer benefits to northern Wisconsin residents but also threaten to degrade the ecological services they rely on. Because the future of this region is uncertain, it is difficult to make decisions that will avoid potential risks and take advantage of potential opportunities. We adopt a scenario planning approach to cope with this problem of prediction. We use an ecological assessment framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment to determine key social and ecological driving forces in the Northern Highlands Lake District. From these, we describe three alternative scenarios to the year 2025 in which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Northern Highlands Lake District; Wisconsin; Assessment; Ecosystem services; Freshwater; Futures; Prediction; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2003

Conceptual Models as Tools for Communication Across Disciplines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Heemskerk, Marieke; University of Wisconsin-Madison; mheemskerk@wisc.edu; Wilson, Karen; Carleton University; kwilson@carleton.edu; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell; Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia; mzucker@sparc.ecology.uga.edu.
To better understand and manage complex social-ecological systems, social scientists and ecologists must collaborate. However, issues related to language and research approaches can make it hard for researchers in different fields to work together. This paper suggests that researchers can improve interdisciplinary science through the use of conceptual models as a communication tool. The authors share lessons from a workshop in which interdisciplinary teams of young scientists developed conceptual models of social-ecological systems using data sets and metadata from Long-Term Ecological Research sites across the United States. Both the process of model building and the models that were created are discussed. The exercise revealed that the presence of social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrative Graduate Education Research and Training; Long-Term Ecological Research; Conceptual model; Interdisciplinary research; Modeling; Social-ecological systems; Workshop.
Ano: 2003

Social Movements and Ecosystem Services&amp;#8212;the Role of Social Network Structure in Protecting and Managing Urban Green Areas in Stockholm
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ernstson, Henrik; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; henrik@ecology.su.se; Elmqvist, Thomas; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; thomase@ecology.su.se.
Exploitation and degradation of urban green areas reduce their capacity to sustain ecosystem services. In protecting and managing these areas, research has increasingly focused on actors in civil society. Here, we analyzed an urban movement of 62 civil-society organizations&amp;#8212;from user groups, such as boating clubs and allotment gardens, to culture and nature conservation groups&amp;#8212;that have protected the Stockholm National Urban Park. We particularly focused on the social network structure of the movement, i.e., the patterns of interaction between movement organizations. The results reveal a core-periphery structure where core and semi-core organizations have deliberately built political connections to authorities, whereas the periphery...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Core-periphery structure; Ecosystem management; Social movements; Social network analysis; Urban ecosystem services.
Ano: 2008

Invasive Species and the Cultural Keystone Species Concept
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Simberloff, Daniel; University of Tennessee, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; dsimberloff@utk.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Cultural keystone species; Conservation; Exotic species; Invasive species; Keystone species.
Ano: 2005

Novelty, Adaptive Capacity, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig R; U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; allencr@unl.edu; Holling, C. S.; Department of Zoology, University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
We present a conceptual framework that explores some of the forces creating innovation and novelty in complex systems. Understanding the sources of variability and novelty may help us better understand complex systems. Understanding complex phenomena such as invasions, migration, and nomadism may provide insight into the structure of ecosystems and other complex systems, and aid our attempts to cope with and mitigate these phenomena, in the case of invasions, and better understand and or predict them. Our model is broadly applicable to ecological theory, including community ecology, resilience, restoration, and policy. Characterizing the link between landscape change and the composition of species communities may help policymakers in their decision-making...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cross-scale; Extinction; Innovation; Invasion; Speciation.
Ano: 2010

On Nature, Models, and Simplicity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baumann, Michael; University of British Columbia and ananature.com Scientific Services; baumann@interchange.ubc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Epistemology; Modeling; Simplicity.
Ano: 2000

Tourism and climate conditions in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2000-2010
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Terrasa-Soler, Jose J.; Planning and Development Office, Puerto Rico Tourism Company; jterrasa@me.com; Seguinot, Tatiana; University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, Graduate School of Public Health ; tatiana.seguinot@upr.edu.
The general behavior of the tourism sector in Puerto Rico, with its marked seasonality, hints at a close relationship between tourism activities and climate conditions. Even if weather condition is only one of many variables considered by travelling tourists, climate conditions weigh heavily in the majority of the decisions. The effect of climate variability on the environment could be manifested in warmer temperature, heat waves, and changes in the frequency of extreme weather events, such as severe storms and hurricanes, floods, and sea level rise. These conditions affect different sectors of society, among them public health and the economy. Therefore, our research has two main objectives: to establish a tourism climate index (TCI) for Puerto Rico and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Puerto Rico; Tourism; Tourism climate index.
Ano: 2014

Impacts of Climate Variability on Latin American Small-scale Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Defeo, Omar; UNDECIMAR, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay; DINARA, Montevideo, Uruguay; odefeo@dinara.gub.uy; Ortega, Leonardo; DINARA, Montevideo, Uruguay; leogortega@gmail.com; Kuhn, Angela M.; Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; angela.kuhn@gmail.com.
Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are social-ecological systems that play a critical role in terms of food security and poverty alleviation in Latin America. These fisheries are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and climatic drivers acting at multiple scales. We review the effects of climate variability on Latin American SSFs, and discuss the combined effects of two additional human drivers: globalization of markets and governance. We show drastic long-term and large-scale effects of climate variability, e.g., sea surface temperature anomalies, wind intensity, sea level, and climatic indices, on SSFs. These variables, acting in concert with economic drivers, have exacerbated stock depletion rates in Latin American SSFs. The impact of these drivers varied...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2013

Ex Ante Scale Dynamics Analysis in the Policy Debate on Sustainable Biofuels in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schut, Marc; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; marc.schut@wur.nl; Leeuwis, Cees; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; cees.leeuwis@wur.nl; Paassen, Annemarie van; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; annemarie.vanpaassen@wur.nl.
In this paper, we explore how ex ante scale dynamics analysis can contribute to better understanding of interactions between scales and levels, and how these interactions influence solution space in policy processes. In so doing, we address opportunities and challenges of conducting ex ante scale dynamics analysis as part of an action-oriented social science research approach that seeks to enhance its contribution to more scale-sensitive policy development. The policy debate on sustainable biofuels in Mozambique provides the empirical context in which we analyze interactions across administrative, institutional, and economic scales and levels, and how these interactions influence the space in which policy solutions can be explored and designed.  On the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Action-oriented research; Biofuels; Ex ante scale dynamics analysis; Mozambique; Policy processes; Scale and level; Sustainability.
Ano: 2013

Anishinaabe Adaptation to Environmental Change in Northwestern Ontario: a Case Study in Knowledge Coproduction for Nontimber Forest Products
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson-Hunt, Iain J; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; Iain.Davidson-Hunt@umanitoba.ca; Pengelly, Ryan D.; HTFC Planning &amp; Design; rpengelly@htfc.mb.ca; Sylvester, Olivia; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; livsylvester@gmail.com.
Interaction, negotiation, and sharing knowledge are at the heart of indigenous response to global environmental change. We consider Anishinaabe efforts to devise new institutional arrangements in response to the process of colonialism and changing global markets. Our findings are based on collaborative research undertaken with Anishinaabe colleagues from Pikangikum First Nation, northwestern Ontario. We worked with elders to understand their knowledge, preferences, and opinions regarding appropriate institutional arrangements for the co-production of knowledge required to develop nontimber forest products. We began our research by asking about the values, institutions, and conditions that guide plant harvesting, and then the conditions necessary to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anishinaabe; Boreal forest; Canada; Coproduction of knowledge; Global environmental change.
Ano: 2013

Climate Science, Development Practice, and Policy Interactions in Dryland Agroecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Twyman, Chasca; Department of Geography, University of Sheffield; Sheffield Centre for International Drylands Research; C.Twyman@shef.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph; University of Leeds; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk; Quinn, C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; C.H.Quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Crane, Todd A.; Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University ; todd.crane@wur.nl; Sallu, Susannah M.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; s.sallu@leeds.ac.uk.
The literature on drought, livelihoods, and poverty suggests that dryland residents are especially vulnerable to climate change.  However, assessing this vulnerability and sharing lessons between dryland communities on how to reduce vulnerability has proven difficult because of multiple definitions of vulnerability, complexities in quantification, and the temporal and spatial variability inherent in dryland agroecological systems. In this closing editorial, we review how we have addressed these challenges through a series of structured, multiscale, and interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment case studies from drylands in West Africa, southern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Latin America. These case studies adopt a common vulnerability framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drylands; Scenarios; Narratives; Development; Livelihoods; Poverty; Policy.
Ano: 2011

Prescriptions for adaptive comanagement: the case of flood management in the German Rhine basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Becker, Gert; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies; g.becker@vu.nl; Huitema, Dave; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies; Netherlands Open University, Faculty of Management, Science and Technology; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Aerts, Jeroen C.J.H.; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies; jeroen.aerts@vu.nl.
Centrally administered bureaucracies are ill suited to managing the environmental resources of complex social-ecological systems. Therefore management approaches are required that can better deal with its complexity and uncertainty, which are further exacerbated by developments such as climate change. Adaptive comanagement (ACM) has emerged as a relatively novel governance approach and potential solution to the challenges arising. Adaptive comanagement hinges on certain institutional prescriptions intended to enhance the adaptability of management by improving the comprehension of and response to the complex context and surprises of social-ecological systems. The ACM literature describes that for enhanced adaptability, institutional arrangements should be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptability; Adaptive comanagement; Flood management; German Rhine basin.
Ano: 2015

How does the context and design of participatory decision making processes affect their outcomes? Evidence from sustainable land management in global drylands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: de Vente, Joris; Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC); joris@cebas.csic.es; Reed, Mark S.; Institute for Agri-Food Research and Innovation and Centre for Rural Economy, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University; mark.reed@newcastle.ac.uk; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk; Valente, Sandra; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro; sandra.valente@ua.pt.
Although the design of participatory processes to manage social-ecological systems needs to be adapted to local contexts, it is unclear which elements of process design might be universal. We use empirical evidence to analyze the extent to which context and process design can enable or impede stakeholder participation and facilitate beneficial environmental and social outcomes. To explore the role of design and minor variations in local context on the outcomes of participatory processes, we interviewed participants and facilitators from 11 case studies in which different process designs were used to select sustainable land management options in Spain and Portugal. We analyzed interview data using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Results showed that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Drylands; Environmental management; Land degradation; Social learning; Stakeholder engagement; Sustainable land management.
Ano: 2016

EU Water Governance: Striking the Right Balance between Regulatory Flexibility and Enforcement?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Green, Olivia O; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; green.olivia@epa.gov; Garmestani, Ahjond S.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; van Rijswick, Helena F. M. W.; Centre for Environmental Law and Policy, Utrecht University; H.vanRijswick@law.uu.nl; Keessen, Andrea M.; Centre for Environmental Law and Policy, Utrecht University; a.m.keessen@uu.nl.
Considering the challenges and threats currently facing water management and the exacerbation of uncertainty by climate change, the need for flexible yet robust and legitimate environmental regulation is evident. The European Union took a novel approach toward sustainable water resource management with the passage of the EU Water Framework Directive in 2000. The Directive promotes sustainable water use through long-term protection of available water resources, progressively reduces discharges of hazardous substances in ground and surface waters, and mitigates the effects of floods and droughts. The lofty goal of achieving good status of all waters requires strong adaptive capacity, given the large amounts of uncertainty in water management.  Striking the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Environmental law; European Union; Resilience; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2013

Lumpy Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2009

Facilitating Cooperation During Times Of Chaos: Spontaneous Orders And Muddling Through In Malinau District, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wollenberg, Eva; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); l.wollenberg@cgiar.org; Iwan, Ramses; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR);; Limberg, Godwin; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); G.Limberg@cgiar.org; Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Moeliono@cgiar.org; Rhee, Steve; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); S.Rhee@cgiar.org; Sudana, Made; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR);.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Key words: adaptive collaborative management; Borneo; Chaos; Kalimantan; Spontaneous cooperation.
Ano: 2007

Managing Change toward Adaptive Water Management through Social Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; University of Osnabrueck; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Jeffrey, Paul; Cranfield University; p.j.jeffrey@cranfield.ac.uk; Aerts, Jeroen; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; jeroen.aerts@ivm.vu.nl; Berkamp, Ger; IUCN - The World Conservation Union; GJB@hq.iucn.org; Cross, Katharine; IUCN - The World Conservation Union; Katharine.Cross@iucn.org.
The management of water resources is currently undergoing a paradigm shift toward a more integrated and participatory management style. This paper highlights the need to fully take into account the complexity of the systems to be managed and to give more attention to uncertainties. Achieving this requires adaptive management approaches that can more generally be defined as systematic strategies for improving management policies and practices by learning from the outcomes of previous management actions. This paper describes how the principles of adaptive water management might improve the conceptual and methodological base for sustainable and integrated water management in an uncertain and complex world. Critical debate is structured around four questions:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Integrated water resources management; Social learning; Adaptive governance; Change management; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007

Participatory Simulation of Land-Use Changes in the Northern Mountains of Vietnam: the Combined Use of an Agent-Based Model, a Role-Playing Game, and a Geographic Information System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trung, Tran Ngoc; Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute; trungtnvn@yahoo.com; Boissau, Stanislas; Wageningen University; stanislas.boissau@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Participatory simulation; Agent-based model; Role-playing game; Geographic information systems; Land-use change; Mountain agriculture; Vietnam.
Ano: 2005

A Social&amp;#8211;Ecological System Approach to Analyze Stakeholders&amp;#8217; Interactions within a Large-Scale Rangeland Restoration Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Petursdottir, Thorunn; Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC); thorunn@live.com; Arnalds, Olafur; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland; oa@lbhi.is; Baker, Susan; Cardiff School of Social Sciences; BakerSCM@cardiff.ac.uk; Montanarella, Luca; Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) ; luca.montanarella@jrc.ec.europa.eu.
Large-scale restoration projects are normally part of a complex social&amp;#8211;ecological system where restoration goals are shaped by governmental policies, managed by the surrounding governance system, and implemented by the related actors. The process of efficiently restoring degraded ecosystems is, therefore, not only based on restoring ecological structure and functions but also relies on the functionality of the related policies, the relevant stakeholder groups, and the surrounding socioeconomic and political settings. In this research, we investigated the SES of rangeland restoration in Iceland to estimate whether social factors, such as stakeholders&amp;#8217; attitudes and behavior, can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of agri-environmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policies; Ecological restoration; Evaluation; Natural resource management; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Adaptive Management and Social Learning in Collaborative and Community-Based Monitoring: a Study of Five Community-Based Forestry Organizations in the western USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.; Colorado State University; gimenez@warnercnr.colostate.edu; Ballard, Heidi L.; University of California - Davis; hballard@ucdavis.edu; Sturtevant, Victoria E.; Southern Oregon University; sturtevant@sou.edu.
Collaborative and community-based monitoring are becoming more frequent, yet few studies have examined the process and outcomes of these monitoring approaches. We studied 18 collaborative or community-based ecological assessment or monitoring projects undertaken by five community-based forestry organizations (CBFs), to investigate the objectives, process, and outcomes of collaborative ecological monitoring by CBF organizations. We found that collaborative monitoring can lead to shared ecological understanding among diverse participants, build trust internally and credibility externally, foster social learning and community-building, and advance adaptive management. The CBFs experienced challenges in recruiting and sustaining community participation in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative monitoring; Multiparty monitoring; Community-based monitoring; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social learning.
Ano: 2008

Lattice-work corridors for climate change: a conceptual framework for biodiversity conservation and social-ecological resilience in a tropical elevational gradient
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Townsend, Patricia A; University of Washington; ptownsen@uw.edu; Masters, Karen L; Council on International Educational Exchange; KMasters@ciee.org.
Rapid climate change poses complex challenges for conservation, especially in tropical developing countries where biodiversity is high while financial and technical resources are limited. The complexity is heightened by uncertainty in predicted effects, both for ecological systems and human communities that depend heavily on natural resource extraction and use. Effective conservation plans and measures must be inexpensive, fast-acting, and able to increase the resilience of both the ecosystem and the social-ecological system. We present conservation practitioners with a framework that strategically integrates climate change planning into connectivity measures for tropical mountain ecosystems in Costa Rica. We propose a strategy for doubling the amount of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Buffer capacity; Climate adaptation; Community involvement; Conservation incentives; Costa Rica; Environmental services payments; Forest landscape restoration; Habitat priority-setting; Landscape connectivity; Reforestation; Resilient ecosystems; Resilient livelihoods; Riparian zones; Tropical mountain ecosystems.
Ano: 2015

Discursive barriers and cross-scale forest governance in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gallemore, Caleb T.; Northeastern Illinois University; caleb.gallemore@gmail.com; Prasti H., Rut  Dini; ; rutdini@gmail.com; Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; M.MOELIONO@cgiar.org.
Students of social-ecological systems have emphasized the need for effective cross-scale governance.  We theorized that discursive barriers,  particularly between technical and traditional practices, can act as a barrier to cross-scale collaboration.  We analyzed the effects of discursive divides on collaboration on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) policy development in Central Kalimantan, an Indonesian province on the island of Borneo selected in 2010 to pilot subnational REDD+ policy.  We argue that the complexities of bridging local land management practices and technical approaches to greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon offsetting create barriers to cross-scale collaboration. We tested these hypotheses...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-scale governance; Discourse; Indonesia; Policy network analysis; REDD+.
Ano: 2014

Social-ecological Resilience and Biodiversity Conservation in a 900-year-old Protected Area
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk.
Protected areas are increasingly being recognized as coupled social-ecological systems, whose effectiveness depends on their resilience. Here I present a historical profile of an individual case study, the New Forest (England), which was first designated as a protected area more than 900 years ago. Uniquely, a traditional pattern of land use has been maintained ever since, providing a rare opportunity to examine the resilience of an integrated social-ecological system over nine centuries. The New Forest demonstrates that over the long term, coupled social-ecological systems can be resilient to major internal and external shocks, including climate change, mass human mortality and war. Changes in governance had the greatest impact on the reserve itself, with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Effectiveness; Protected area; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Gender and Sustainable Forest Management in East Africa and Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mwangi, Esther; Center for International Forestry Research; e.mwangi@cgiar.org; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; International Food Policy Research Institute; r.meinzen-dick@cgiar.org; Sun, Yan; International Food Policy Research Institute; y.sun@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Gender; Sustainability; User groups.
Ano: 2011

The Native Bee Fauna of Carlinville, Illinois, Revisited After 75 Years: a Case for Persistence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marlin, John C; Illinois Waste Management and Research Center; marlin@uiuc.edu; LaBerge, Wallace E; Illinois Natural History Survey; wlaberge@inhs.uiuc.edu.
As a follow-up to the observations of Charles Robertson from 1884 to 1916, we revisited the Carlinville, Illinois, area between 18 August 1970 and 13 September1972 to sample and identify bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). We concentrated on collecting nonparasitic bees (and excluded Apis and Bombus) visiting 24 plant species that bloomed at various times of the year, and upon which Charles Robertson found many bee species. For example, we collected most intensively on spring-blooming Claytonia virginica and fall-blooming Aster pilosus, upon which Robertson reported 58 and 90 bee visitors, respectively. Bees were also collected on an opportunistic basis at some other plants. We updated the species names used by Robertson for revisions and synonymies. This...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apoidea; Carlinville (Illinois); Hymenoptera; Robertson (Charles); Agricultural habitats; Bees; Biodiversity; Conservation; Faunal survey; Historical ecology; Land use changes; Pollinators.
Ano: 2001

Quantifying the Human Appropriation of Fresh Water by African Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alcamo, Joseph; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel; alcamo@usf.uni-kassel.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Blue water; Green water; Hydrological modeling; LandSHIFT; Land-use modeling; WaterGAP.
Ano: 2009

Challenging the win-win discourse on conservation and development: analyzing support for marine protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chaigneau, Tomas; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter; T.W.B.Chaigneau@exeter.ac.uk; Brown, Katrina; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter; katrina.brown@exeter.ac.uk.
Conservation designations such as protected areas are increasing in numbers around the world, yet it is widely reported that many are failing to reach their objectives. They are frequently promoted as opportunities for win-win outcomes that can both protect biodiversity and lead to economic benefits for affected communities. This win-win view characterizes the dominant discourse surrounding many protected areas. Although this discourse and the arguments derived from it may lead to initial acceptance of conservation interventions, this study shows how it does not necessarily result in compliance and positive attitudes toward specific protected areas. Consequently, the discourse has important implications not just for making the case for protected area...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Behavior; Compliance; Fisheries; Natural resource management; Philippines.
Ano: 2016

The Myths of Restoration Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hilderbrand, Robert H; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Appalachian Laboratory; hilderbrand@al.umces.edu; Watts, Adam C; University of Florida; wattsa@wec.ufl.edu; Randle, April M; University of Pittsburgh; apr8@pitt.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon copy; Command and control; Cookbook; Ecological restoration; Fast forward; Field of dreams; Myths; Resilience; Restoration ecology; Sisyphus complex.
Ano: 2005

Resilience-Based Perspectives to Guiding High-Nature-Value Farmland through Socioeconomic Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen ; tobias.plieninger@life.ku.dk; Bieling, Claudia; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; claudia.bieling@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscapes; Agricultural management; Ecosystem stewardship; Europe; Farmland habitats; Landscape change; Resilience framework.
Ano: 2013

Detecting Critical Scales in Fragmented Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Keitt, Timothy; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Timothy.Keitt@StonyBrook.Edu; Urban, Dean L; Duke University; deanu@pinus.env.duke.edu; Milne, Bruce T; University of New Mexico; bmilne@sevilleta.unm.edu.
We develop methods for quantifying habitat connectivity at multiple scales and assigning conservation priority to habitat patches based on their contribution to connectivity. By representing the habitat mosaic as a mathematical "graph," we show that percolation theory can be used to quantify connectivity at multiple scales from empirical landscape data. Our results indicate that connectivity of landscapes is highly scale dependent, exhibiting a marked transition at a characteristic distance and varying significantly for organisms with different dispersal behavior. More importantly, we show that the sensitivity and importance of landscape pattern is also scale dependent, peaking at scales associated with the percolation transition. In addition, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Conservation in fragmented landscapes; Dispersal; Fragmentation; Habitat connectivity vs. dispersal distance; Landscape; Landscape graphs; Metapopulation; Percolation; Quantifying habitat connectivity at multiple scales; "stepping stone" patch; Strix occidentalis lucida.
Ano: 1997

Supporting and Enhancing Development of Heterogeneous Ecological Knowledge among Resource Users in a Kenyan Seascape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice Irene; Department of Systems Ecology; beatrice@ecology.su.se.
The heterogeneous nature of even small communities has been acknowledged, yet how such heterogeneity is reflected in local ecological knowledge (LEK) among groups of resource users in a community is poorly studied. This study examines the ecological knowledge held by fisher groups using differing gear and operating in different subsystems of a coastal seascape in south Kenya. Knowledge is compared to that of nonfishing groups and is analyzed with respect to the scales of ecological processes and disturbances affecting the ecosystem to identify mismatches of scale between local knowledge and ecological processes, as well as points of convergence upon which emerging scientific and local community information exchange can build and develop.   Results reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous; Local ecological knowledge (LEK); Seascape; Kenya; East Africa; Artisanal fishery.
Ano: 2006

Charting the New Territory of Adaptive Co-management: A Delphi Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Brock University; rplummer@brocku.ca; Armitage, Derek R; Wilfrid Laurier University; darmitag@wlu.ca.
Complex systems understanding implies a world characterized by dynamic, nonlinear interactions, discontinuities, and surprises. Such conditions are not amenable to conventional resource management approaches that stress command-and-control, and therefore, novel governance approaches more suited to complexity and uncertainty are required. Adaptive co-management has emerged as an interdisciplinary response to this need, and blends the adaptive management and collaborative management narratives. However, concepts associated with adaptive co-management are relatively new and quickly expanding from multiple perspectives. The objective of this paper is to take stock of this relatively recent concept and synthesize current thinking in terms of: (1) the core...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Adaptive management; Collaboration; Delphi method; Environmental governance.
Ano: 2007

From Invisibility to Transparency: Identifying the Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turner, Nancy J; University of Victoria; nturner@uvic.ca; Gregory, Robin; Decision Research &amp; Value Scope Research, Inc.; rgregory@interchange.ubc.ca; Brooks, Cheryl; Indigenuity Consulting Group; cheryl@indigenuity.ca; Failing, Lee; Compass Resource Management; lfailing@compassrm.com; Satterfield, Terre; University of British Columbia; satterfd@interchange.ubc.ca.
This paper explores the need for a broader and more inclusive approach to decisions about land and resources, one that recognizes the legitimacy of cultural values and traditional knowledge in environmental decision making and policy. Invisible losses are those not widely recognized or accounted for in decisions about resource planning and decision making in resource- and land-use negotiations precisely because they involve considerations that tend to be ignored by managers and scientists or because they are often indirect or cumulative, resulting from a complex, often cumulative series of events, decisions, choices, or policies. First Nations communities in western North America have experienced many such losses that, together, have resulted in a decline...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: First Nations; Decision making; Resource use; Negotiations; Cultural values.
Ano: 2008

National Research Council Board on Sustainable Development. 1999. Our Common Journey, a Transition Toward Sustainability. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C..
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bossel, Hartmut; Sustainable Systems Research; H.Bossel@T-online.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Sustainability assessment and complementarity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noe, Egon; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University; egon.noe@agro.au.dk.
Sustainability assessments bring together different perspectives that pertain to sustainability to produce overall assessments, and a wealth of approaches and tools have been developed in the past decades. However, two major problems remain. The problem of integration concerns the surplus of possibilities for integration; different tools produce different assessments. The problem of implementation concerns the barrier between assessment and transformation; assessments do not lead to the expected changes in practice. We aim to analyze issues of complementarity in sustainability assessment and transformation as a key to better handling the problems of integration and implementation. Based on a generalization of Niels Bohr&amp;#8217;s complementarity from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complementarity; Food system sustainability; Implementation; Indexation; Integration; Multicriteria assessment; Niels Bohr; Perspectivism; Sustainability transformation; Sustainability transition.
Ano: 2016

Sustainability transformations: a resilience perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se; Galaz, Victor; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; victor.galaz@stockholmresilience.su.se; Boonstra, Wiebren J; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; wijnand.boonstra@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Scholars and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in the processes that lead to transformations toward sustainability. We explored how resilience thinking, and a stronger focus on social-ecological systems, can contribute to existing studies of sustainability transformations. First, we responded to two major points of critique: the claim that resilience theory is not useful for addressing sustainability transformations, and that the role of &amp;#8220;power&amp;#8221; in transformation processes has been underplayed by resilience scholars. Second, we highlighted promising work that combines insights from different theoretical strands, a strategy that strengthens our understanding of sustainability transformations. We elaborated three research...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Agency; Innovation; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability transformation.
Ano: 2014

Are Direct Payments for Environmental Services Spelling Doom for Sustainable Forest Management in the Tropics?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wunder, Sven; Center for International Forestry Research; s.wunder@cgiar.org.
Over the past several decades, significant donor funding has been directed to sustainable forest management in the tropics, in the hope of combining forest conservation with economic gains through sustainable use. To date, this approach has produced only modest results in terms of changed silvicultural and land-use practices in this area. Direct payments for environmental services (PES) have been suggested as a promising alternative but still remain widely untested in the tropics. This paper first provides a conceptual assessment of PES, comparing the main features of this practice with those of other conservation instruments. Second, the paper discusses a series of critical questions that have been raised about both the environmental and livelihood...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Payments for environmental services; Rural livelihoods; Conservation; Economic incentives.
Ano: 2006

Response to: &amp;#8216;Should Ecosystem Management Involve Active Control of Species Abundances?&amp;#8217;
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harron, Don E.; ; dharron@skyweb.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Model; Moose; Predation; Wolves; Woodland caribou.
Ano: 2006

Using Pollination Deficits to Infer Pollinator Declines: Can Theory Guide Us?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomson, James D; University of Toronto; jthomson@zoo.toronto.edu.
Authors examining pollinator declines frequently discuss pollination deficits, either as contemporary evidence that declines have occurred or as a possible negative consequence of future declines. Because pollination deficits can be measured in short-term studies, it would be useful if such studies could somehow replace painstaking documentation of insect population trends. I examine the legitimacy of this type of substitution with reference to evolutionary theory and natural plant populations. Operationally, pollination deficits are detected through pollen supplementation experiments. Although simple, these experiments are subject to subtleties of interpretation because of biases and nonlinear responses, which I discuss. Although it has been found that,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Process-Based Ecological River Restoration: Visualizing Three-Dimensional Connectivity and Dynamic Vectors to Recover Lost Linkages
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kondolf, G. Mathias; University of California, Berkeley; kondolf@berkeley.edu; Boulton, Andrew J.; Ecosystem Management, University of New England; aboulton@une.edu.au; O'Daniel, Scott; University of California-Santa Barbara; sodaniel@icess.ucsb.edu; Poole, Geoffrey C; Eco-metrics, Inc. and University of Georgia; gpoole@eco-metrics.com; Rahel, Frank J.; University of Wyoming; frahel@uwyo.edu; Stanley, Emily H.; University of Wisconsin; ehstanley@wisc.edu; Wohl, Ellen; Colorado State University; ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu; Carlstrom, Julia; National Board of Fisheries; julia.carlstrom@fiskeriverket.se; Cristoni, Chiara; ; c.cristoni@tiscali.it; Huber, Harald; University of Munich; harry.nat@t-online.de; Louhi, Pauliina; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; pauliina.louhi@rktl.fi; Nakamura, Keigo; Public Works Research Institute, Japan; knakamu@pwri.go.jp.
Human impacts to aquatic ecosystems often involve changes in hydrologic connectivity and flow regime. Drawing upon examples in the literature and from our experience, we developed conceptual models and used simple bivariate plots to visualize human impacts and restoration efforts in terms of connectivity and flow dynamics. Human-induced changes in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical connectivity are often accompanied by changes in flow dynamics, but in our experience restoration efforts to date have more often restored connectivity than flow dynamics. Restoration actions have included removing dams to restore fish passage, reconnecting flow through artificially cut-off side channels, setting back or breaching levees, and removing fine sediment deposits...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Flow dynamics; Hyporheic zone; River restoration.
Ano: 2006

Impacts of Traffic Noise and Traffic Volume on Birds of Roadside Habitats
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Parris, Kirsten M.; School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Australia; k.parris@unimelb.edu.au; Schneider, Angela; Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Australia; angelas@unimelb.edu.au.
Roadside habitats are important for a range of taxa including plants, insects, mammals, and birds, particularly in developed countries in which large expanses of native vegetation have been cleared for agriculture or urban development. Although roadside vegetation may provide suitable habitat for many species, resident animals can be exposed to high levels of traffic noise, visual disturbance from passing vehicles, and the risk of collision with cars and trucks. Traffic noise can reduce the distance over which acoustic signals such as song can be detected, an effect known as acoustic interference or masking. Studies from the northern hemisphere show that the singing behavior of birds changes in the presence of traffic noise. We investigated the impact of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Acoustic interference; Ambient noise; Bioacoustics; Conservation biology; Road ecology; Signal design; Traffic noise; Vocal communication.
Ano: 2009

The People Paradox: Self-Esteem Striving, Immortality Ideologies, and Human Response to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dickinson, Janis L; Cornell University; jld84@cornell.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental behavior  birds  icons  social psychology  terror management theory  conservation; Immortality projects.
Ano: 2009

Adaptive Analysis of Locally Complex Systems in a Globally Complex World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Tropical Resource Ecology Program, University of Zimbabwe; tlynam@science.uz.ac.zw.
Zambezi Valley agro-ecosystems are environmentally, economically, and institutionally variable. This variability means that it is not possible to measure everything necessary to develop a predictive understanding of them. In particular, because people and their environments are constantly changing, what was measured yesterday may change by tomorrow.  Here, I describe elements of the approach that I have developed to address this problem. Called DAAWN, for Detail as and When Needed, the approach advocates an iterative and multiscaled methodology in which we first capture as broad an understanding of the system as possible and then use awareness developed at this scale to identify where to focus subsequent, more detailed, investigations. Because we cannot...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comples adaptive systems; Household and resource economics; Livelihood strategies; Modeling; Multi-agent simulation models; Natural resource use; Participatory systems analysis; Southern Africa; Spidergrams.
Ano: 1999

The Adaptive Decision-Making Process as a Tool for Integrated Natural Resource Management: Focus, Attitudes, and Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lal, Padma; Australian National University; padma.lal@anu.edu.au; Lim-Applegate, Hazel; Australian National University; hlim_manila@hotmail.com; Scoccimarro, Michelle C; Australian National University;.
Integrated natural resource management (INRM) and its many closely related approaches are generally considered to be more effective than single-disciplinary approaches for managing the complex resource issues currently facing many countries. INRM approaches aim to integrate several disciplines and involve different stakeholders operating in their own subsystems across different spatial and temporal scales. These approaches focus on identifying management strategies for sustaining natural resource stocks and flows of goods and services as well as their underlying ecological processes. Changes in the behavior of consumers and producers and in the allocation of resources among uses, users, time, and space will be necessary to achieve sustainable development....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive decision-making process; Bioeconomic models; Commodity research; Decision support system; Integrated natural resource management.
Ano: 2001

The Role of Information in Governing the Commons: Experimental Results
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A.; Arizona State University, USA; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
The structure and dynamics of ecosystems can affect the information available to resource users on the state of the common resource and the actions of other resource users. We present results from laboratory experiments that showed that the availability of information about the actions of other participants affected the level of cooperation. Since most participants in commons dilemmas can be classified as conditional cooperators, not having full information about the actions of others may affect their decisions. When participants had more information about others, there was a more rapid reduction of the resource in the first round of the experiment. When communication was allowed, limiting the information available made it harder to develop effective...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource; Communication; Conditional cooperation; Information; Institutions.
Ano: 2013

The Social and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Feedstock Cultivation: Evidence from Multi-Site Research in the Forest Frontier
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Schoneveld , George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; Pacheco, Pablo; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.pacheco@cgiar.org.
Preoccupation with global energy supplies and climate change in the global North, and a desire to improve the balance of trade and capture value in the emerging carbon market by developing countries, together place biofuels firmly on the map of global land use change. Much of this recent land use change is occurring in developing countries where large agro-ecologically suitable tracts of land may be accessed at lower economic and opportunity cost. This is leading to the gradual penetration of commercial crops that provide suitable biofuel feedstocks (e.g., sugarcane, soybean, oil palm, jatropha) into rural communities and forested landscapes throughout many areas of the global South.   Expansion of biofuel feedstock cultivation in developing countries is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Biofuels; Environmental impacts; Forest frontier; Latin America; Social impacts; Southeast Asia.
Ano: 2011

Functional Links Between Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Culture in a Hani Swidden Landscape in Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Xu, Jianchu; Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; World Agroforestry Centre, China Program ; J.C.Xu@CGIAR.ORG; Lebel, Louis; Unit for Social and Environmental Research, Chiang Mai University; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Sturgeon, Janet; Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University; sturgeon@sfu.ca.
The landscape of Mengsong, southwest China, was biologically diverse until recently due to historical biogeographical processes overlain by the swidden-cultivation practices of the Hani who migrated there several centuries ago.  Our research sought to understand how the Hani adjusted their livelihoods to new policies, markets, and technologies, and the consequences for biodiversity conservation.  We combined landscape, plot, and household surveys, interviews, and reviews of secondary documents, to reconstruct the major changes and responses to challenges in the social&amp;#8211;ecological system over previous decades.  Significant changes from closed to open canopy of secondary-forest vegetation took place between 1965&amp;#8211;1993 and from open-canopy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cash crops; Conservation and development; Culture; Fallow management; Hani people; Livelihoods; Monoculture; Swidden landscape.
Ano: 2009

Navigating Trade-Offs: Working for Conservation and Development Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Bruce M; CGIAR Challenge Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); brca@life.ku.dk; Sayer, Jeffrey A; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature ; jeff.sayer@iucn.org; Walker, Brian; CSIRO - Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization ; Brian.Walker@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Governance; ICDP; Institutions; Integrated conservation and development; Land-use planning; Local knowledge; Participatory modeling; Participatory research; Resilience perspective.
Ano: 2010

A Community Conversation About a Watershed
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Collay, Ryan; Oregon State University; ryan.collay@smile.oregonstate.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Ano: 2010

The evolution of local participation and the mode of knowledge production in Arctic research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brunet, Nicolas D.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; nicolas.brunet@mail.mcgill.ca; Hickey, Gordon M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; gordon.hickey@mcgill.ca; Humphries, Murray M.; Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University; murray.humphries@mcgill.ca.
Arctic science is often claimed to have been transformed by the increased involvement of local people, but these claims of a new research paradigm have not been empirically evaluated. We argue that the "new" participatory research paradigm emerging in Arctic science embodies many of the principles of the Mode 2 knowledge production framework. Using the Mode 2 thesis as an assessment framework, we examined research articles appearing between 1965 and 2010 in the journal Arctic to assess the extent to which there has been a paradigm shift toward more participatory approaches. Results suggest that the involvement of local people has increased only slightly over the last half century and continues to vary systematically among disciplines, organizations, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic science; Community participation; Environmental change; Mode 2; Research policy; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2014

Increased water charges improve efficiency and equity in an irrigation system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; Department of Environmental Studies, New York University; ab6176@nyu.edu; Ward, Patrick S.; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, D.C.; p.ward@cgiar.org; Shah, M. Azeem Ali; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan; Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan; a.shah@cgiar.org.
Conventional wisdom in many agricultural systems across the world is that farmers cannot, will not, or should not pay the full costs associated with surface water delivery. Across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, only a handful can claim complete recovery of operation, maintenance, and capital costs; across Central and South Asia, fees are lower still, with farmers in Nepal, India, and Kazakhstan paying fractions of a U.S. penny for a cubic meter of water. In Pakistan, fees amount to roughly USD 1-2 per acre per season. However, farmers in Pakistan spend orders of magnitude more for diesel fuel to pump groundwater each season, suggesting a latent willingness to spend for water that, under the right conditions, could...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Efficiency; Equity; Irrigation; Pakistan; Water.
Ano: 2016

Managing for Old Growth in Frequent-fire Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fiedler, Carl E.; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana; carl.fiedler@umontana.edu; Friederici, Peter; School of Communication, Northern Arizona University; peter.friederici@nau.edu; Petruncio, Mark; Forestry Program, Yakama Nation; petruncio@yakama.com; Denton, Charles; Ecological Restoration Institute; Charles.Denton@nau.edu; Hacker, W. David; Forestry Department, New Mexico Highlands University; david_hacker@nmhu.edu.
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to managing frequent-fire, old-growth forests. However, there are general guidelines to follow: 1) set objectives for both structure (tree density, diameter distribution, tree species composition, spatial arrangement, amount of coarse woody debris) and function (nutrient cycling, desired tree species regeneration); 2) prioritize treatments according to ecological, economic, and social needs and risks; 3) identify the potential treatments (natural fire, prescribed fire, silvicultural cutting) that best meet the objectives and scale of the project; and 4) implement the treatment(s). We discuss each of these guidelines in this article.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Fire; Forest management; Function; Silvicultural treatments; Structure; Thinning.
Ano: 2007

Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration and Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pennington, Deana D; Long Term Ecological Research Network Office; University of New Mexico; dpennington@lternet.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Collective thinking; Cross-disciplinary science.
Ano: 2008

Historical Perspectives and Recent Trends in the Coastal Mozambican Fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; jessica.blythe@jcu.edu.au; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University; grant.murray@viu.ca; Flaherty, Mark S.; University of Victoria; flaherty@office.geog.uvic.ca.
Historical data describing changing social-ecological interactions in marine systems can help guide small-scale fisheries management efforts. Fisheries landings data are often the primary source for historical reconstructions of fisheries; however, we argue that reliance on data of a single type and/or from a single scale can lead to potentially misleading conclusions. For example, a narrow focus on aggregate landings statistics can mask processes and trends occurring at local scales, as well as the complex social changes that result from and precipitate marine ecosystem change. Moreover, in the case of many small-scale fisheries, landings statistics are often incomplete and/or inaccurate. We draw on case study research in Mozambique that combines national...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2013

The Influence of Ethnic Diversity on Social Network Structure in a Common-Pool Resource System: Implications for Collaborative Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnes-Mauthe, Michele; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa; barnesm@hawaii.edu; Arita, Shawn; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa; aritas@hawaii.edu; Allen, Stewart D.; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries; Stewart.Allen@noaa.gov; Gray, Steven A.; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa; sagray@hawaii.edu; Leung, PingSun; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa; psleung@hawaii.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative resource management; Common-pool resources; Ethnic diversity; Fisheries; Hawaii; Information exchange; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2013

Assessing Photoinduced Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons  in an Urbanized Estuary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vo, M.; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; vomw@chastn86.dhec.state.sc.us; Porter, D.E.; University of South Carolina; porter@sc.edu; Chandler, G.T.; University of South Carolina; tchandler@sph..sc.edu; Kelsey, H.; University of South Carolina; heath@inlet.geol.sc.edu; Walker, S.P.; University of South Carolina; sam@inlet.geol.sc.edu; Jones, B. E.; University of South Carolina; elrojo@mindspring.com.
Increases in contaminants associated with urban sprawl are a particular concern in the rapidly developing coastal areas of the southeastern United States. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants associated with vehicle emissions and runoff from impervious surfaces. Increased vehicular traffic and more impervious surfaces lead to an increased loading of PAHs into coastal estuarine systems. The phototoxic effect of PAH-contaminated sediments on a sediment-dwelling meiobenthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis, was estimated in Murrells Inlet, a small, high-salinity estuary with moderate urbanization located in Georgetown and Horry Counties, South Carolina, USA. Field-determined solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) and UV extinction coefficients...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hazard modeling; Photoinduced toxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Spatial modeling; Urbanized estuary.
Ano: 2004

The impact of water quality changes on the socio-economic system of the Guadiana Estuary: an assessment of management options
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sousa, Carlos; Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA; cssousa@ualg.pt; Boski, Tomasz; Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA; tboski@ualg.pt; Ponce Dentinho, Tomaz; Office for Sustainable Regional Developement - GDRS; tomazdentinho@uac.pt.
Tourism related to bathing has a growing economic importance in the Guadiana Estuary in southern Spain and Portugal. Polls of local public opinion showed an awareness of potential and current threats to the aquatic environment posed by regulation of river flow and untreated/poorly-treated urban sewage discharge.  Because of this strong concern for water quality, it was selected as the policy issue for our application of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF). We developed an integrated simulation model of the Guadiana estuarine system in which the ecological system and socioeconomic components are linked by means of beach eco-label (Blue Flag Award) through its dependence on fecal bacterial thresholds. We quantified the socioeconomic impacts of water quality...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Blue flag award; Cost-benefit analysis; Economic base model; Guadiana estuary; Systems approach; Tourism; Water quality.
Ano: 2012

Are There Scientific Criteria for Putting Short-term Conservation Ahead of Learning? No.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinrichsen, Richard A; Hinrichsen Environmental Services; hinrich@seanet.com.
Kai Lee asks "Are there clearly articulated scientific criteria for putting short-term conservation ahead of learning? (That is, are there conservation situations where we know enough not to need to worry about surprises?)" There can be no such scientific criteria, even in the most trivial of circumstances, because it is really a question of societal values. In cases in which societal values favor conservation of an endangered or threatened population, reliable learning is unlikely to be placed ahead of short-term conservation, partly because it is uncertain whether learning will really improve the prospects for population recovery. Given the prevailing societal values and scientific realities surrounding endangered or threatened populations, the question...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Snake River; Adaptive management; Chinook salmon; Endangered populations; Learning; Scientific criteria; Short-term conservation; Societal values.
Ano: 2000

Behavioral Responses of Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) to Roads and Traffic: Implications for Population Persistence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bouchard, Julie; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; julie.bouchard@mail.mcgill.ca; Ford, Adam T.; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; atford@gmail.com; Eigenbrod, Felix E; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; felix.eigenbrod@gmail.com; Fahrig, Lenore; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; lenore_fahrig@carleton.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Breeding dispersal; Habitat fragmentation; Highway; Migration; Movement; Road avoidance; Road mortality.
Ano: 2009

Increasing Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Resilience by Placing Science at the Decision Table: the Role of the San Pedro Basin (Arizona) Decision-Support System Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix; Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA); Department of Hydrology and Water Resources; University of Arizona; aleix@email.arizona.edu; Browning-Aiken, Anne; Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy; University of Arizona; browning@email.arizona.edu; Lansey, Kevin; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA); Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics; University of Arizona; lansey@engr.arizona.edu; Finan, Tim; Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology; University of Arizona; finan@email.arizona.edu; Vald&amp;#233;s, Juan B; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA); Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics; University of Arizona; jvaldes@u.arizona.edu.
We have analyzed how the collaborative development process of a decision-support system (DSS) model can effectively contribute to increasing the resilience of regional social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. In particular, we have focused on the case study of the transboundary San Pedro Basin, in the Arizona-Sonora desert region. This is a semi-arid watershed where water is a scarce resource used to cover competing human and environmental needs. We have outlined the essential traits in the development of the decision-support process that contributed to an improvement of water-resources management capabilities while increasing the potential for consensual problem solving. Comments and feedback from the stakeholders benefiting from the DSS in the San Pedro...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative development; Decision-support system model; Participatory water management; Resilience; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Stakeholder feedback; Sustainability learning.
Ano: 2009

From local to central: a network analysis of who manages plant pest and disease outbreaks across scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McAllister, Ryan R. J.; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Robinson, Catherine J; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; catherine.robinson@csiro.au; Maclean, Kirsten; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Kirsten.Maclean@csiro.au; Guerrero, Angela M; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland; a.guerrero@uq.edu.au; Collins, Kerry; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; kerry.collins@csiro.au; Taylor, Bruce M; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; bruce.taylor@csiro.au; De Barro, Paul J; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; paul.debarro@csiro.au.
One of the key determinants of success in managing natural resources is &amp;#8220;institutional fit,&amp;#8221; i.e., how well the suite of required actions collectively match the scale of the environmental problem. The effective management of pest and pathogen threats to plants is a natural resource problem of particular economic, social, and environmental importance. Responses to incursions are managed by a network of decision makers and managers acting at different spatial and temporal scales. We applied novel network theoretical methods to assess the propensity of growers, local industry, local state government, and state and national government head offices to foster either within- or across-scale coordination during the successful 2001 Australian...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banana; Cross scale; Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed; EPPRD; Exponential random graph model; False Panama.
Ano: 2015

The role of strong-tie social networks in mediating food security of fish resources by a traditional riverine community in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fillion, Myriam; Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustent&amp;#225;vel, Universidade de Bras&amp;#237;lia; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-&amp;#234;tre, la sant&amp;#233;, la soci&amp;#233;t&amp;#233; et l&amp;#8217;environnement (CINBIOSE), Universit&amp;#233; du Qu&amp;#233;bec &amp;#224; Montr&amp;#233;al; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; fillion.myriam@uqam.ca; Saint-Charles, Johanne; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-&amp;#234;tre, la sant&amp;#233;, la soci&amp;#233;t&amp;#233; et l&amp;#8217;environnement (CINBIOSE), Universit&amp;#233; du Qu&amp;#233;bec &amp;#224; Montr&amp;#233;al; Facult&amp;#233; de communication, Universit&amp;#233; du Qu&amp;#233;bec &amp;#224; Montr&amp;#233;al; saint-charles.johanne@uqam.ca; Mongeau, Pierre; Facult&amp;#233; de communication, Universit&amp;#233; du Qu&amp;#233;bec &amp;#224; Montr&amp;#233;al; mongeau.pierre@uqam.ca; Mergler, Donna; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-&amp;#234;tre, la sant&amp;#233;, la soci&amp;#233;t&amp;#233; et l&amp;#8217;environnement (CINBIOSE), Universit&amp;#233; du Qu&amp;#233;bec &amp;#224; Montr&amp;#233;al; mergler.donna@uqam.ca.
Social networks are a significant way through which rural communities that manage resources under common property regimes obtain food resources. Previous research on food security and social network analysis has mostly focused on egocentric network data or proxy variables for social networks to explain how social relations contribute to the different dimensions of food security. Whole-network approaches have the potential to contribute to former studies by revealing how individual social ties aggregate into complex structures that create opportunities or constraints to the sharing and distribution of food resources. We used a whole-network approach to investigate the role of network structure in contributing to the four dimensions of food security: food...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Common property regimes; Community-based management; Fish consumption; Food security; Mercury; Natural resource management; Social networks; Strong ties.
Ano: 2015

Population Aggregation in Ancient Arid Environments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
Human societies have adapted to spatial and temporal variability, such as that found in the prehistoric American Southwest. A question remains as to what the implications are of different social adaptations to long-term vulnerability of small-scale human societies. A stylized agent-based model is presented that captures small-group decision making on movements and resource use in ancient arid environments. The impact of various assumptions concerning storage, exchange, sharing, and migration on indicators of aggregation and sustainability are explored. Climate variability is found to increase the resilience of population levels at the system level. Variability reduces the time a population stays in one location and can degrade the soils. In addition to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Archaeology; Arid landscapes; Climate variability.
Ano: 2010

Sustainable Development of the Boreal Forest: Interaction of Ecological, Social, and Business Feedbacks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chapin, F. Stuart; University of Alaska; fffsc@aurora.uaf.edu; Whiteman, Gail; Queen's University; whiteman@nsi-ins.ca.
Humans are an integral component of ecosystems, just as the products of ecosystems are critical to social systems. To understand the future state of the boreal forest, we must understand the ecological, social, economic, and business interactions that link ecological and social systems into a common regional system, as well as the feedbacks that govern changes in these interactions. We analyze the negative feedbacks that promoted a sustainable interaction between ecological and social systems prior to the development of business systems, which are dominated by positive feedbacks that have reduced the sustainability of the boreal system. We suggest a minimum set of interactions that are required to improve the sustainability of a business-based boreal system.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Business; Consumerism; Ecosystem; Feedback; Social system; Sustainability.
Ano: 1998

Concomitant Patterns in Avian and Mammalian Body Length Changes in Denmark
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schmidt, Niels Martin; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; nms@kvl.dk; Jensen, Per Moestrup; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; pmj@kvl.dk.
We gathered length data on 61 Danish breeding birds from the past 200 years, and related the pattern of change to present body mass and other ecological parameters. Body mass was the only parameter significantly correlated with the rate of change, and the emerging pattern in the rate of change followed the island rule. That is, smaller species have become larger and vice versa, while the medium-sized species remain essentially unchanged. The suggested optimal body mass was around 85 g. Though orders of magnitude lower, the pattern in avian body size change was similar to that of Danish mammals. Our analyses suggest that increasing habitat fragmentation leads to altered body size towards being medium-sized in Danish vertebrates. The changing landscape,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Body length; Habitat fragmentation; Island biogeography; Island rule; Aves; Reproductive output; Migration; Feeding category; Competition; Avoidance; Tolerance.
Ano: 2005

Land abandonment, landscape, and biodiversity: questioning the restorative character of the forest transition in the Mediterranean
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marull, Joan; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona; joan.marull@uab.cat; Tello, Enric; Department of Economic History and Institutions, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Barcelona; tello@ub.edu; Diana, Giovanna L.; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona; gio.diana87@libero.it; Pons, Manel; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona; manel.pons.sanvidal@uab.cat; Coll, Francesc; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Francesc.Coll@uab.cat.
The effects of land abandonment on biodiversity have received considerable attention by scholars, but results are far from conclusive. Different cultural traditions of scientists seem to underlie the contrasting ways in which land abandonment is understood. Although the forest transition (FT) framework considers land abandonment as an opportunity for biodiversity conservation, European landscape ecologists characterize it as a threat. We use insights from both traditions to analyze the effects of land abandonment on landscape and biodiversity in a mountain area of metropolitan Barcelona. We do so through an in-depth historical case study covering a period of 160 years. A set of landscape metrics was applied to land-cover maps derived from cadastral...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cultural landscape; Forest transition; Land abandonment; Landscape changes; Landscape structure; Land-use change; Land-use mosaic; Mediterranean; Peasant management.
Ano: 2015

A Systems Approach Framework for the Transition to Sustainable Development: Potential Value Based on Coastal Experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopkins , Tom  S.; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA; CNR Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Naples, Italy; tom_hopkins@ncsu.edu; Bailly, Denis; University of Brest, Brest, France; Denis.Bailly@univ-brest.fr; Elmgren, Ragnar; Stockholm University; ragnar.elmgren@ecology.su.se; Glegg, Gillian; Plymouth Marine Station; G.Glegg@plymouth.ac.uk; Sandberg , Audun ; ; audun.sandberg@hibo.no.
This article explores the value of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF) as a tool for the transition to sustainable development in coastal zone systems, based on 18 study sites in Europe, where the SAF was developed and tested. The knowledge gained from these experiments concerns the practical aspects of (a) governance in terms of policy effectiveness, (b) sustainability science in terms of applying transdisciplinary science to social&amp;#8211;ecological problems, and (c) simulation analysis in terms of quantifying dysfunctions in complex systems.  This new knowledge can help broaden our perspectives on how research can be changed to better serve society. The infusion of systems thinking into research and policy making leads to a preference for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coastal zones; Integrated coastal zone management; Non-market valuation; Scale-free networks; Simulation analysis; Sustainability science; Sustainable development; Systems approach; Transdisciplinary assessments.
Ano: 2012

Urban Ethnohydrology: Cultural Knowledge of Water Quality and Water Management in a Desert City
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gartin, Meredith; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University;; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Wutich, Amber; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University ;; Westerhoff, Paul; Department of Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University ;.
Popular concern over water quality has important implications for public water management because it can both empower water utilities to improve service but also limit their ability to make changes. In the desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, obtaining sufficient high-quality water resources for a growing urban population poses a major challenge. Decision makers and urban hydrologists are aware of these challenges to water sustainability but the range of acceptable policy and management options available to them is constrained by public opinion. Therefore, this study examines cultural models of water quality and water management, termed ethnohydrology, among urban residents. The study yields three key findings. First, urban residents appear to have a shared...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural consensus; Cultural model; Freelist; Perceptions; Phoenix; Urban; Water quality.
Ano: 2010

Scenarios for Resilient Shrimp Aquaculture in Tropical Coastal Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bush, Simon R.; Wageningen University; simon.bush@wur.nl; van Zwieten, Paul A.M.; Wageningen University; paul.vanzwieten@wur.nl; Visser, Leontine; Wageningen University; leontine.visser@wur.nl; van Dijk, Han; Wageningen University; han.vandijk@wur.nl; Bosma, Roel; Wageningen University; roel.bosma@wur.nl; de Boer, Willem F.; Wageningen University; Fred.deBoer@wur.nl; Verdegem, Marc; Wageningen University; marc.verdegem@wur.nl.
We contend there are currently two competing scenarios for the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas of Southeast Asia. First, a landscape approach, where farming techniques for small-scale producers are integrated into intertidal areas in a way that the ecological functions of mangroves are maintained and shrimp farming diseases are controlled. Second, a closed system approach, where problems of disease and effluent are eliminated in closed recirculation ponds behind the intertidal zone controlled by industrial-scale producers. We use these scenarios as two ends of a spectrum of possible interactions at a range of scales between the ecological, social, and political dynamics that underlie the threat to the resilience of mangrove...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coastal fisheries; Governance; Livelihood decision making; Mangrove; Shrimp-aquaculture; Social-ecological systems; South-East Asia; Trans-disciplinary research; WSSV disease.
Ano: 2010

Gurr et al. 2004. Ecological Engineering for Pest Management: Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paoletti, Maurizio G; University of Padua; paoletti@bio.unipd.it.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Book/Media Review
Ano: 2005

Elasticity in ecosystem services: exploring the variable relationship between ecosystems and human well-being
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daw, Tim M.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; tim.daw@su.se; Hicks, Christina C.; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Monterey, California, USA; ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; christina.c.hicks@gmail.com; Brown, Katrina; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; katrina.brown@exeter.ac.uk; Chaigneau, Tomas; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; T.W.B.Chaigneau@exeter.ac.uk; Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser A.; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; f.a.hartley@gmail.com; Cheung, William W. L.; Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; w.cheung@oceans.ubc.ca; Crona, Beatrice; Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; beatrice.crona@su.se; Coulthard, Sarah; Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; sarah.coulthard@northumbria.ac.uk; Sandbrook, Chris; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; chris.sandbrook@unep-wcmc.org; Perry, Chris; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; C.Perry@exeter.ac.uk; Muthiga, Nyawira A.; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, USA; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program Kenya, Mombasa, Kenya; nmuthiga@wcs.org; Bosire, Jared; WWF Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; jbosire@wwfkenya.org; McClanahan, Tim R.; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, USA; tmcclanahan@wcs.org.
Although ecosystem services are increasingly recognized as benefits people obtain from nature, we still have a poor understanding of how they actually enhance multidimensional human well-being, and how well-being is affected by ecosystem change. We develop a concept of &amp;#8220;ecosystem service elasticity&amp;#8221; (ES elasticity) that describes the sensitivity of human well-being to changes in ecosystems. ES Elasticity is a result of complex social and ecological dynamics and is context dependent, individually variable, and likely to demonstrate nonlinear dynamics such as thresholds and hysteresis. We present a conceptual framework that unpacks the chain of causality from ecosystem stocks through flows, goods, value, and shares to contribute to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal ecosystems; Conceptual framework; East Africa; Environmentalists&amp;#8217; ; Fisheries; Mangroves; Paradox.
Ano: 2016

&amp;#8220;Letting the leaders pass&amp;#8221;: barriers to using traditional ecological knowledge in comanagement as the basis of formal hunting regulations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Padilla, Elisabeth;  Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; erobins@alaska.edu; Kofinas, Gary P.; Department of Humans and Environment and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; gary.kofinas@alaska.edu.
We studied a case of failure in applying traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in comanagement as the basis for formal hunting regulations. We based the study on the Porcupine Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Herd &amp;#8220;let the leaders pass&amp;#8221; policy, established for the Dempster Highway of the Western Canadian Arctic, and identified conditions creating barriers in the successful application of TEK through comanagement. Stated as propositions, identified barriers include: (1) the context-specific nature of TEK limits its application in resource management regulations; (2) changes in traditional authority systems, hunting technology, and the social organization of harvesting caribou affect the effectiveness of TEK approaches in a contemporary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou; Comanagement; Traditional ecological knowledge; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2014

Resilience Thinking and a Decision-Analytic Approach to Conservation: Strange Bedfellows or Essential Partners?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred A; United States Geological Survey; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Williams, B. Ken; The Wildlife Society; byron_ken_williams@nbs.gov; Nichols, James D; United States Geological Survey; Jim_Nichols@usgs.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Alternative stability regime; Biodiversity; Conservation; Decision analysis; Decision science; Dynamic decisions; Modeling; Optimization; Resilience; Robust decision making; Systems; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Participation and Protected Areas Governance: the Impact of Changing Influence of Local Authorities on the Conservation of the Bia&amp;#322;owie&amp;#380;a Primeval Forest, Poland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Niedzia&amp;#322;kowski, Krzysztof; Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, UK ; kniedz@zbs.bialowieza.pl; Paavola, Jouni; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, UK; J.Paavola@leeds.ac.uk; J&amp;#281;drzejewska, Bogumi&amp;#322;a; Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; bjedrzej@zbs.bialowieza.pl.
According to the new conservation paradigm, protected areas should contribute to the socioeconomic development of host communities, and the latter ought to be included in participatory decision making concerning these areas. However, the understanding of participation is ambiguous and there are at least three major approaches, which may have different impacts on the governance of protected areas. We examine the case of the Bia&amp;#322;owie&amp;#380;a Primeval Forest in order to trace the effectiveness of changing modes of participation as well as to discuss the limitations and problems of public participation. Between 1918 and 2010, the role of local authorities changed from no influence to limited control over decision making regarding designation and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bia&amp;#322; Owie&amp;#380; A; Biodiversity conservation; Governance; National park; Participation; Poland; Protected areas.
Ano: 2012

Social organization influences the exchange and species richness of medicinal plants in Amazonian homegardens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Howard, Patricia L.; Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University; Centre for Biocultural Diversity Studies, University of Kent; Patricia.Howard@wur.nl.
Medicinal plants provide indigenous and peasant communities worldwide with means to meet their healthcare needs. Homegardens often act as medicine cabinets, providing easily accessible medicinal plants for household needs. Social structure and social exchanges have been proposed as factors influencing the species diversity that people maintain in their homegardens. Here, we assess the association between the exchange of medicinal knowledge and plant material and medicinal plant richness in homegardens. Using Tsimane&amp;#8217; Amazonian homegardens as a case study, we explore whether social organization shapes exchanges of medicinal plant knowledge and medicinal plant material. We also use network centrality measures to evaluate people&amp;#8217;s location...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exchange networks; Gender; Plant diversity; Social networks analysis; Tropical homegardens; Tsimane&amp;#8217.
Ano: 2016

Interactions Among Ecosystem Services Across Land Uses in a Floodplain Agroecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bennett, Elena M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca.
Managing human-dominated landscapes such as agroecosystems is one of the main challenges facing society today. Decisions about land-use management in agroecosystems involve spatial and temporal trade-offs. The key scales at which these trades-offs occur are poorly understood for most systems, and quantitative assessments of the services provided by agroecosystems under different combinations of land uses are rare. To fill these knowledge gaps, we measured 12 ecosystem services (ES), including climate regulation, gas regulation, soil stability, nutrient regulation, habitat quality, raw material production, food production, fishing, sports, recreation, education, and social relationships, in seven common land-use types at three spatial scales, i.e., patch,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystem; Ecosystem services; Floodplain; Interactions; Land uses; Spatial scales; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2014

Ethnic Forces in Collective Action: Diversity, Dominance, and Irrigation in Tamil Nadu
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waring, Timothy M; University of Maine, School of Economics; timothy.waring@maine.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Irrigation; Ethnic diversity; Ethnic dominance; India.
Ano: 2011

Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Earth's Life Support Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daily, Gretchen C; Stanford University; gdaily@leland.stanford.edu.
Here, I review the motivation and science behind efforts to characterize and manage ecosystems as capital assets. I then describe some recent work to evaluate the potential for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in human-dominated landscapes.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Countryside biogeography; Ecological economics; Ecosystem Services Framework; Global change; Interdisciplinary collaboration.
Ano: 1999

Toward a Network Perspective of the Study of Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University; thomase@ecology.su.se; Ernstson, Henrik; Stockholm University; henrik@ecology.su.se; McAllister, Ryan R. J.; CSIRO; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Olsson, Per; Stockholm University; per@ctm.su.se; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; paul.ryan@csiro.au.
Formal models used to study the resilience of social-ecological systems have not explicitly included important structural characteristics of this type of system. In this paper, we propose a network perspective for social-ecological systems that enables us to better focus on the structure of interactions between identifiable components of the system. This network perspective might be useful for developing formal models and comparing case studies of social-ecological systems. Based on an analysis of the case studies in this special issue, we identify three types of social-ecological networks: (1) ecosystems that are connected by people through flows of information or materials, (2) ecosystem networks that are disconnected and fragmented by the actions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Network topology; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social-ecological networks.
Ano: 2006

Local Actions, Global Effects? Understanding the Circumstances in which  Locally Beneficial Environmental Actions Cumulate to Have Global Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rudel, Thomas K; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University; rudel@aesop.rutgers.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Altruistic environmentalism; Defensive environmentalism; Focusing events; Local-global interactions.
Ano: 2011

Dual thinking for scientists
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Clarke, Laurie B.; School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; lbclark@wisc.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Sala, Osvaldo; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA; Osvaldo.Sala@asu.edu; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo, School of Environment Enterprise and Development (SEED), Environment 3 (EV3), Waterloo, Canada; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca.
Recent studies provide compelling evidence for the idea that creative thinking draws upon two kinds of processes linked to distinct physiological features, and stimulated under different conditions. In short, the fast system-I produces intuition whereas the slow and deliberate system-II produces reasoning. System-I can help see novel solutions and associations instantaneously, but is prone to error. System-II has other biases, but can help checking and modifying the system-I results. Although thinking is the core business of science, the accepted ways of doing our work focus almost entirely on facilitating system-II. We discuss the role of system-I thinking in past scientific breakthroughs, and argue that scientific progress may be catalyzed by creating...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2015

Public Participation and Institutional Fit: A Social&amp;#8211;Psychological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: DeCaro, Daniel A.; Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory &amp; Policy Analysis, Indiana University; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville; Center for Land Use and Environmental Responsibility, University of Louisville; decaro.daniel@gmail.com; Stokes, Michael K.; Western Kentucky University; Micheal.Stokes@wku.edu.
Public participation plays a role in the development and long-term maintenance of environmental institutions that are well-matched to local social&amp;#8211;ecological conditions. However, the means by which public participation impacts such institutional fit remains unclear. We argue that one major reason for this lack of clarity is that analysts have not clearly outlined how humankind&amp;#8217;s sense of agency, or self-determination, influences institutional outcomes. Moreover, the concept of institutional fit is ambiguous as to what constitutes a good fit and how such fit could be diagnosed or improved. This is especially true for &amp;#8220;social fit,&amp;#8221; or how well institutions match human expectations and local behavioral patterns. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Autonomy-support; Environmental management; Institutional fit; Procedural justice; Psychology; Public participation; Self-determination; Social acceptability; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2013

Adapting Science to Adaptive Managers: Spidergrams, Belief Models, and Multi-agent Systems Modeling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Tropical Resource Ecology Program, University of Zimbabwe; tlynam@science.uz.ac.zw; Bousquet, Francois; CIRAD Tera; bousquet@cirad.fr; Le Page, Christophe; CIRAD Tera; lepage@cirad.fr; d'Aquino, P.; CIRAD Tera; daquino@telecomplus.sn; Barreteau, Olivier; Cemagref Division Irrigation; barreteau@montpellier.cemagref.fr; Chinembiri, Frank C; Agritex;; Mombeshora, Bright; ;.
Two case studies are presented in which models were used as focal tools in problems associated with common-pool resource management in developing countries. In the first case study, based in Zimbabwe, Bayesian or Belief Networks were used in a project designed to enhance the adaptive management capacity of a community in a semiarid rangeland system. In the second case study, based in Senegal, multi-agent systems models were used in the context of role plays to communicate research findings to a community, as well as to explore policies for improved management of rangelands and arable lands over which herders and farmers were in conflict.  The paper provides examples of the use of computer-based modeling with stakeholders who had limited experience with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Bayesian belief networks; Developing country; Dynamic modeling; Multi-agent systems; Participatory modeling; Semiarid rangeland; Senegal; Spidergrams; Zimbabwe.
Ano: 2002

State-Led Ecotourism Development and Nature Conservation: a Case Study of the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yuan, Jianqiong; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yuanjianqiong@163.com; Dai, Limin; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; lmdai@126.com; Wang, Qingli; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; lmdai@126.com.
Faced with fiscal constraints and enormous population pressures, 80% of Chinese nature reserves have employed ecotourism as a support and development strategy. Assessing the actual effects of ecotourism at a nature reserve that has a relatively long history of ecotourism development experience may be instructive for other reserves. Therefore, we take Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve (CMBR) in northeastern China as a case study, for it is one of the pioneers in embracing ecotourism in China. Personal interviews and informal group discussions were employed to understand local residents&amp;#8217; attitudes toward conservation. Factors affecting their attitudes were then analyzed using logistic regression. Results indicate that attitudes held by most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve; Conservation; Ecotourism; Local support.
Ano: 2008

Eliciting the Implicit Knowledge and Perceptions of On-Ground Conservation Managers of the Macquarie Marshes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fazey, Ioan; Institute of Rural Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth; ioan.fazey@gmail.com; Proust, Katrina; Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University;; Newell, Barry; Australian National University;; Johnson, Bill; Department of Environment and Conservation;; Fazey, John A.; University of Wales, Bangor;.
Knowledge that has been developed through extensive experience of receiving and responding to ecological feedback is particularly valuable for informing and guiding environmental management. This paper captures the implicit understanding of seven experienced on-ground conservation managers about the conservation issues affecting the Ramsar listed Macquarie Marshes in New South Wales, Australia. Multiple interviews, a workshop, and meetings were used to elicit the manager's knowledge. The managers suggest that the Macquarie Marshes are seriously threatened by a lack of water, and immediate steps need to be taken to achieve more effective water delivery. Their knowledge and perceptions of the wider societal impediments to achieving more effective water...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation management; Water resources; Wetland; Experience; Traditional ecological knowledge; Tacit knowledge.
Ano: 2006

Introduction to the Special Feature on rebuilding fisheries and threatened communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ommer, Rosemary E; University of Victoria; ommer@uvic.ca; Neis, Barbara; Memorial University of Newfoundland; bneis@mun.ca.
In this introductory essay to the Special Feature on rebuilding fisheries and threatened communities, we review the contributions of the researchers whose work is contained in this Special Feature. The essays are reviewed using the lens of the three questions that were posed by the Special Feature editors: Why is rebuilding so challenging? What is the relationship between fishery collapse/degradation and short- and long-term issues for food security, livelihoods, employment, and industrial and community resilience? How can we avoid situations in which the communities and people who may have contributed least to collapses/degradation end up paying the most for rebuilding and, indeed, may no longer be in a position where they can benefit from the results of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Changing industrial structures and organizational and industrial strategies from ocean to plate; Geographic locus of key decision-making about fisheries management; Higher-level governance actions; Marine social-ecological interactions in the form of shifting ecologies.
Ano: 2014

Getting the "Policy Implications" into Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, George; University at Albany, State University of New York; grobins@csc.albany.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Designing Conservation Corridors in Production Landscapes: Assessment Methods, Implementation Issues, and Lessons Learned
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lombard, Amanda T; Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; gemsbok@mweb.co.za; Cowling, Richard M; Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; rmc@kingsley.co.za; Vlok, Jan H.J.; Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University;; Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; christo.fabricius@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity processes; Conservation corridors; Conservation planning; Expert knowledge; Gouritz Initiative; Implementation; Production landscapes.
Ano: 2010

Temporal Stability in Fishing Spots: Conservation and Co-Management in Brazilian Artisanal Coastal Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Begossi, Alpina; Unicamp; alpina@unicamp.br.
The management of small-scale artisanal fisheries in Brazil should be a priority because of their importance as a source of food for internal markets and their location in sites with high biodiversity, such as the Atlantic Forest coast. Fishing spots, territories, and sea tenure have been widely studied within artisanal fisheries, and, in this study, a fishing spot of this type may be a defended area or an area that imposes rules for users, making the exclusion of outsiders feasible, or even a place in which fishing occurs with some exclusivity. This analysis takes into account the importance of fishing areas for the conservation of artisanal fishing in Brazil and the relative temporal stability of these areas. In particular, examples of the use of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Amazon; Atlantic Forest coast  Brazil; Co-management; Territoriality; Fishing accords.
Ano: 2006

Exploring dynamic mechanisms of learning networks for resource conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Matous, Petr; University of Tokyo; University of Sydney; petr@civil.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Todo, Yasuyuki; Waseda University; yastodo@waseda.jp.
The importance of networks for social-ecological processes has been recognized in the literature; however, existing studies have not sufficiently addressed the dynamic nature of networks. Using data on the social learning networks of 265 farmers in Ethiopia for 2011 and 2012 and stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we explain the mechanisms of network evolution and soil conservation. The farmers&amp;#8217; preferences for information exchange within the same social groups support the creation of interactive, clustered, nonhierarchical structures within the evolving learning networks, which contributed to the diffusion of the practice of composting. The introduced methods can be applied to determine whether and how social networks can be used to facilitate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Composting; Ethiopia; Network dynamics; Social learning; Soil conservation; Stochastic actor-oriented modeling.
Ano: 2015

Assessing the Resilience of a River Management Regime: Informal Learning in a Shadow Network in the Tisza River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sendzimir, Jan; IIASA; sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Magnuszewski, Piotr; IIASA; Wroclaw University of Technology; piotr.magnuszewski@pwr.wroc.pl; Flachner, Zsuzsanna; Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences; flachner@rissac.hu; Molnar, Geza; Bokartis; bokartis@enternet.hu; Nagy, Zsuzsanna; Corvinus University of Budapest; zsuzsanna.nagy14@uni-corvinus.hu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Flooding; Floodplain; Regime shift; Resilience; Tisza River; Transformability.
Ano: 2008

Collaborative Adaptive Management: Challenges and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scarlett, Lynn; Resources for the Future; lynnscarlett@comcast.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaboration; Collaborative adaptive management; Conservation; Science and decision making.
Ano: 2013

Overlooked "Keystone" Ideas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Policy Entrepreneurs and Change Strategies: Lessons from Sixteen Case Studies of Water Transitions around the Globe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meijerink, Sander; Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen; S.Meijerink@fm.ru.nl; Huitema, Dave; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl.
This paper focuses on the role of policy entrepreneurs in realizing water policy transitions. The central questions are to what extent have policy entrepreneurs played a role in realizing major change in water policies, who are these policy entrepreneurs, and what strategies have they used to bring about change? The policy science literature suggests that policy entrepreneurs have an "arsenal" of possible strategies for achieving change. Based on a comparative analysis of water policy changes in 15 countries around the globe and the European Union, we investigate which strategies have in practice been used by policy entrepreneurs, to what effect, and which lessons for managing water transitions we can draw from this. The comparative case analysis shows...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change strategies; International comparison; Policy change; Policy entrepreneurs; Transition management; Water management.
Ano: 2010

City Life in the Midst of the Forest: a Punan Hunter-Gatherer&amp;#8217;s Vision of Conservation and Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levang, Patrice; CIFOR / IRD; p.levang@cgiar.org; Sitorus, Soaduon; CIFOR; s.sitorus@cgiar.org; Dounias, Edmond; CIFOR / IRD; e.dounias@cgiar.org.
The Punan Tubu, a group of hunter-gatherers in East-Kalimantan, Indonesia, are used to illustrate the very real trade-offs that are made between conservation and development. This group has undergone various forms of resettlement in the 20th century, to the point that some are now settled close to the city of Malinau whereas others remain in remote locations in the upper Tubu catchment. This study is based on several years of ethnographic and household analysis. The Punan clearly favor both conservation and development. In the city, the Punan benefit from all positive effects of development. Child and infant mortality rates are very low, and illiteracy has been eradicated among the younger generation. However, the Punan complain that nothing in town is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Borneo; Conservation and development trade-offs; Hunter-gatherers; Indonesia; Modernization; Resettlement; Punan.
Ano: 2007

The pathology of command and control: a formal synthesis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu.
One of the most important theories in the study of environmental governance and policy is the pathology of command and control, which describes the negative consequences of top-down, technocratic governance of social and ecological systems. However, to date, this theory has been expressed somewhat inconsistently and informally in the literature, even by the seminal works that have established its importance and popularized it. This presents a problem for the sustainability science community if it cannot be sure of the precise details of one of its most important theories. Without such precision, applications and tests of various elements of the theory cannot be conducted reliably to advance the knowledge of environmental governance. I address this problem...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Centralization; Command and control; Theoretical synthesis.
Ano: 2016

Can Payments for Ecosystem Services Contribute to Adaptation to Climate Change? Insights from a Watershed in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mwangi, John K.; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; PhD Fellow, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya ; joymwa86@yahoo.com; Namirembe, Sara; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya ; s.namirembe@cgiar.org.
Climate change presents new challenges for the management of social-ecological systems and the ecosystem services they provide. Although the instrument of payments for ecosystem services (PES) has emerged as a promising tool to safeguard or enhance the provision of ecosystem services (ES), little attention has been paid to the potential role of PES in climate change adaptation. As an external stressor climate change has an impact on the social-ecological system in which PES takes place, including the various actors taking part in the PES scheme. Following a short description of the conceptual link between PES and adaptation to climate change, we provide practical insights into the relationship between PES and adaptation to climate change by presenting...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Climate variability; Payments for ecosystem services; Watershed.
Ano: 2014

Vulnerability to Weather Disasters: the Choice of Coping Strategies in Rural Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helgeson, Jennifer F; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Geography and Environment; The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; j.helgeson@lse.ac.uk; Dietz, Simon; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Geography and Environment; The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; s.dietz@lse.ac.uk; Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan; IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; hochrain@iiasa.ac.at.
When a natural disaster hits, the affected households try to cope with its impacts. A variety of coping strategies, from reducing current consumption to disposing of productive assets, may be employed. The latter strategies are especially worrisome because they may reduce the capacity of the household to generate income in the future, possibly leading to chronic poverty. We used the results of a household survey in rural Uganda to ask, first, what coping strategies would tend to be employed in the event of a weather disaster, second, given that multiple strategies can be chosen, in what combinations would they tend to be employed, and, third, given that asset-liquidation strategies can be particularly harmful for the future income prospects of households,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coping strategies; Covariate risk; Education; Extreme weather; Poverty trap; Small-scale farming; Uganda; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

Social-Ecological Scale Mismatches and the Collapse of the Sea Urchin Fishery in Maine, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Teresa R.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; teresa.johnson@maine.edu; Wilson, James A.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu; Cleaver, Caitlin; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; caitlin.cleaver@maine.edu; Vadas, Robert L.; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; vadas@maine.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Co-management; Fisheries management; Kelp; Maine  USA; Ocean fisheries; Scale mismatches; Sea urchin fishery.
Ano: 2012

Adaptive Capacity and Traps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Brock, William A.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; WBrock@ssc.wisc.edu.
Adaptive capacity is the ability of a living system, such as a social&amp;#8211;ecological system, to adjust responses to changing internal demands and external drivers. Although adaptive capacity is a frequent topic of study in the resilience literature, there are few formal models. This paper introduces such a model and uses it to explore adaptive capacity by contrast with the opposite condition, or traps. In a social&amp;#8211;ecological rigidity trap, strong self-reinforcing controls prevent the flexibility needed for adaptation. In the model, too much control erodes adaptive capacity and thereby increases the risk of catastrophic breakdown. In a social&amp;#8211;ecological poverty trap, loose connections prevent the mobilization of ideas and resources...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Allostasis; Model; Poverty trap; Resilience; Rigidity trap; Transformation.
Ano: 2008

Synergies, Trade-offs, and Losses of Ecosystem Services in Urban Regions: an Integrated Multiscale Framework Applied to the Leipzig-Halle Region, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haase, Dagmar; Humboldt University Berlin and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany; dagmar.haase@ufz.de; Schwarz, Nina; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany; nina.schwarz@ufz.de; Strohbach, Michael; University of Massachusetts-Amherst; strohbach@eco.umass.edu; Kroll, Franziska; University of Kiel Ecology Centre; fkroll@ecology.uni-kiel.de; Seppelt, Ralf; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany; ralf.seppelt@ufz.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Leipzig-Halle; Synergies; Trade-offs; Urban regions.
Ano: 2012

Designing Collaborative Processes for Adaptive Management:  Four Structures for Multistakeholder Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pratt Miles, Jennifer D.; Meridian Institute; jprattmiles@merid.org.
Parties should consider a collaborative approach to scientific inquiry and learning when there are multiple jurisdictions, resource users, and viewpoints about the best way to manage a social-ecological system. A collaborative process provides a forum for scientists, managers, and other stakeholders to raise and explain concerns, articulate management goals, and suggest strategies to address concerns and management actions to achieve goals. Collaborative problem solving engages parties in dialogue that facilitates understanding of different perspectives and creates an opportunity to reframe problems as hypotheses to be tested through the adaptive management process.    I review four potential structures for multistakeholder collaboration that have been...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaboration; Collaborative process; Ecosystem management; Natural resource management; Stakeholder.
Ano: 2013

From frequent hurricanes to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in coastal Louisiana: the impact of regulatory change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheong, So-Min; University of Kansas, Department of Geography; somin@ku.edu.
The issue of whether adaptations to past disasters can impede adaptation to new disasters of a different type or intensity will be analyzed by examining the transition from frequent hurricanes to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in coastal Louisiana. In particular, the effects of changed regulatory structures from the Stafford Act to the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are investigated. The article describes how the federal, state, and local governments adjust. In addition, it illustrates the shifting focus on the environment with the activation of the Oil Pollution Act and the Clean Water Act. It wraps up with a discussion of the uncertainty that is pervasive in the case of the oil spill derived from changed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disaster response; Government; Hurricanes; Oil spill; Regulation.
Ano: 2014

Addressing surprise and uncertain futures in marine science, marine governance, and society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thrush, Simon F; Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; simon.thrush@auckland.ac.nz; Lewis, Nick; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; n.lewis@auckland.ac.nz; Le Heron, Richard; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; r.leheron@auckland.ac.nz; Fisher, Karen T; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; k.fisher@auckland.ac.nz; Lundquist, Carolyn J; Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; carolyn.lundquist@niwa.co.nz; Hewitt, Judi; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; Judi.Hewitt@niwa.co.nz.
On an increasingly populated planet, with decreasing biodiversity and limited new opportunities to tap unexploited natural resources, there is a clear need to adjust aspects of marine management and governance. Although sectarian management has succeeded in addressing and managing some important threats to marine ecosystems, unintended consequences are often associated with overlooking nonlinear interactions and cumulative impacts that increase the risk of surprises in social-ecological systems. In this paper, we begin to untangle science-governance-society (SGS) interdependencies in marine systems by considering how to recognize the risk of surprise in social and ecological dynamics. Equally important is drawing attention to our state of preparedness,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Governance; Management; Marine ecosystems; Regime shift; Resilience; Science; Society.
Ano: 2016

Assessing Changes in Fisheries Using Fishers&amp;#8217; Knowledge to Generate Long Time Series of Catch Rates: a Case Study from the Red Sea
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tesfamichael, Dawit; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; Department of Marine Science, University of Asmara; d.tesfamichael@fisheries.ubc.ca; Pitcher, Tony J.; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; pitcher.t@gmail.com; Pauly, Daniel; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca.
The data requirements for most quantitative fishery assessment models are extensive, and most of the fisheries in the world lack time series of the required biological and socioeconomic data. Many innovative approaches have been developed to improve data collection for fisheries. We explored the use of data from fishers&amp;#8217; interviews to estimate time series of approximate &amp;#8220;best&amp;#8221; catch rates. A total of 472 standardized interviews were conducted with 423 fishers along the southern Red Sea coast recording the best catch recalled and the change in average catch rates throughout the fishing career of interviewees. The results showed a decline of best catch rates in all fisheries, ranging from 4% to 10% per year for more than 50...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Assessment; Catch rates; Fishers&amp;#8217; Knowledge; Interview; Red Sea; Small-scale fishery; Time series.
Ano: 2014

Many Eyes on Nature: Diverse Perspectives in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve and Their Relevance for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berghoefer, Uta; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; uta.berghoefer@gmx.de; Rozzi, Ricardo; University of North Texas; Universidad de Magallanes (Chile); rozzi@unt.edu; Jax, Kurt; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; kurt.jax@ufz.de.
Relationships between humans and nature take multiple forms. This is a fundamental issue in conservation but one that is often neglected, leading to poor conservation outcomes. It is thus imperative that we come to understand better the complex relationships between humans and nature. To do so, we need to examine &amp;#8220;nature&amp;#8221; and the often assumed dichotomy between humans and nature. We conducted a qualitative social research inquiry to explore the societal relationships with nature in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve in Chile. From the results, we developed a framework that illustrates how different &amp;#8220;natures&amp;#8221; are created in the three-way relationship among the individual, society, and the physical world. We further...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosphere reserve; Chile; Conflicts; Conservation; Local ecological knowledge; Participation; Protected areas; Valuation.
Ano: 2010

GM Foods in the UK between 1996 and 1999: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krebs, John R; Oxford University; john.krebs@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: BSE; GM food; Consumer; Genetically modified crops; Risks.
Ano: 2000

Resilient Salmon, Resilient Fisheries for British Columbia, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Healey, Michael C; University of British Columbia; CALFED Bay-Delta Program; healey@interchange.ubc.ca.
Salmon are inherently resilient species. However, this resiliency has been undermined in British Columbia by a century of centralized, command-and-control management focused initially on maximizing yield and, more recently, on economic efficiency. Community and cultural resiliency have also been undermined, especially by the recent emphasis on economic efficiency, which has concentrated access in the hands of a few and has disenfranchised fishery-dependent communities. Recent declines in both salmon stocks and salmon prices have revealed the systemic failure of the current management system. If salmon and their fisheries are to become viable again, radically new management policies are needed. For the salmon species, the emphasis must shift from maximizing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Pacific salmon; Resilience; Sustainable fisheries.
Ano: 2009

How the Endangered Species Act Promotes Unintelligent, Misplaced Tinkering
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University, USA; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed Commentary
Ano: 2013

Waypoints on a Journey of Discovery: Mental Models in Human-Environment Interactions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; CSIRO; Reflecting Society; tim.lynam@internode.on.net; Mathevet, Raphael; CNRS, UMR 5175 CEFE; Stockholm Resilience Centre; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr; Stone-Jovicich, Samantha; CSIRO; Samantha.Stone-Jovicich@csiro.au; Leitch, Anne; CSIRO; anne.leitch@csiro.ao; Jones, Nathalie; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; n.jones3@uq.edu.au; Ross, Helen; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; Helen.Ross@uq.edu.au; Du Toit, Derick; AWARD; derick@award.org.za; Pollard, Sharon; AWARD; sharon@award.org.za; Biggs, Harry; SANParks; biggs@sanparks.org; Perez, Pascal; University of Wollongong; pascal@uow.edu.au.
Although the broad concept of mental models is gaining currency as a way to explore the link between how people think and interact with their world, this concept is limited by a theoretical and practical understanding of how it can be applied in the study of human-environment relationships. Tools and processes are needed to be able to elicit and analyze mental models. Because mental models are not directly observable, it is also important to understand how the application of any tools and processes affects what is measured. Equally important are the needs to be clear on the intent of the elicitation and to design the methods and choose the settings accordingly. Through this special edition, we explore how mental models are elicited using two approaches...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ARDI; Consensus analysis; France; Mental models; Social representations; South Africa; Water management.
Ano: 2012

Drivers of Ecological Restoration: Lessons from a Century of Restoration in Iceland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arad&amp;oacute;ttir, &amp;Aacute;sa L.; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland; asa@lbhi.is; Petursdottir, Thorunn; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC); thorunn.petursdottir@land.is; Halldorsson, Gudmundur; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; gudmundur.halldorsson@land.is; Svavarsdottir, Kristin; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; kristin.svavarsdottir@land.is; Arnalds, Olafur; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland; oa@lbhi.is.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Birch woodlands; Drivers; Ecological restoration; Heathlands; Land degradation; Revegetation; Soil erosion; Wetlands.
Ano: 2013

Causes and Extent of Declines among Native North American Invertebrate Pollinators: Detection, Evidence, and Consequences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cane, James H; USDA-ARS; jcane@biology.usu.edu; Tepedino, Vincent J; USDA-ARS; andrena@biology.usu.edu.
Ecosystem health and agricultural wealth in North America depend on a particular invertebrate fauna to deliver pollination services. Extensive losses in pollinator guilds and communities can disrupt ecosystem integrity, a circumstance that today forces most farmers to rely on honey bees for much fruit and seed production. Are North America's invertebrate pollinator faunas already widely diminished or currently threatened by human activities? How would we know, what are the spatiotemporal scales for detection, and which anthropogenic factors are responsible? Answers to these questions were considered by participants in a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in October of 1999, and these questions form the nucleus...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apiformes; Apoidea; Insecta; Conservation; Diversity; Land-use change; Native invertebrate pollinators; North America; Pollination; Pollinator declines.
Ano: 2001

Using Coupled Simulation Models to Link Pastoral Decision Making and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boone, Randall B; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and the Department of Forestry, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University; rboone@nrel.colostate.edu; Galvin, Kathleen A; Department of Anthropology and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; kathy@nrel.colostate.edu; BurnSilver, Shauna B; Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska; sbburnsilver@alaska.edu; Thornton, Philip K; International Livestock Research Institute; University of Edinburgh; P.Thornton@cgiar.org; Ojima, Dennis S; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and the Department of Forestry, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University; dennis@nrel.colostate.edu; Jawson, Jacob R; Department of Forestry, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University; jjawson@emailisgood.com.
Historically, pastoral people were able to more freely use the services their semi-arid and arid ecosystems provide, and they adapted to changes in ways that improved their well-being. More recently, their ability to adapt has been constrained due to changes from within and from outside their communities. To compare possible responses by pastoral communities, we modeled ecosystem services and tied those services to decisions that people make at the household level. We created an agent-based household model called DECUMA, joined that model with the ecosystem model SAVANNA, and applied the linked models to southeastern Kajiado District, Kenya. The structure of the new agent-based model and linkages between the models are described, and then we demonstrate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; DECUMA household model; Ecosystem services; Livestock; Maasai; Mobility; Pastoral decision making; SAVANNA ecosystem model.
Ano: 2011

Building Bridges across the Gap
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman, Philip; Pinellas County Department of Environmental Management; phoffman@co.pinellas.fl.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Disturbance Severity and Threshold Responses in the Boreal Forest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frelich, Lee E; University of Minnesota; freli001@maroon.tc.umn.edu; Reich, Peter B; University of Minnesota; preich@forestry.umn.edu.
This essay discusses three potential models relating disturbance severity to post-disturbance stand composition in the boreal forest: (1) continuous, where changes in disturbance severity cause a proportional and continuous change in stand composition; (2) discontinuous, where a threshold disturbance severity exists beyond which major changes in composition occur; and (3) the cusp, where thresholds exist and coexistence of two alternative compositional states is possible at the same disturbance severity. Any of the three models may be appropriate in different stands or different parts of the boreal forest. If the actual model does not correspond to that assumed by forest managers, then forest harvesting practices may cause unexpected sudden changes in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative stable states; Disturbance in boreal forest; Disturbance severity; Forest response to changes in; Minnesota boreal forest; Stability in boreal forest; Forest response to changes in disturbance severity.
Ano: 1998

Conflicts Associated with Dam Removal in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
The increasing number of deteriorating old dams that need renovation or have lost their function make dam removal a viable management option.  There are at least four major reasons for dam removal: safety, law and policy, economy, and ecology.  Here we discuss 17 Swedish dams that were recently considered for removal.  Because dam removal usually causes controversy, dam removal initiatives may succeed, fail, or result in a compromise such as a bypass channel for migrating fish. We identify and discuss three major obstructions to dam removal: funding, cultural-historical values, and threatened species. To facilitate dam removal, the reasons for, and the effects of, dam removal must be carefully explained, and the public and stakeholders must be kept...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Controversies; Dam removal; Information; Obstructions; Reservoirs; Rivers; Stakeholder involvement; Sweden.
Ano: 2009

Integration of Local Ecological Knowledge and Conventional Science: a Study of Seven Community-Based Forestry Organizations in the USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ballard, Heidi L; University of California - Davis; hballard@ucdavis.edu; Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E; Colorado State University; gimenez@warnercnr.colostate.edu; Sturtevant, Victoria E; Southern Oregon University; sturtevant@sou.edu.
Natural resource management decisions can be based on incomplete knowledge when they lack scientific research, monitoring, and assessment and/or simultaneously fail to draw on local ecological knowledge. Many community-based forestry organizations in the United States attempt to address these knowledge gaps with an integrated ecological stewardship approach that balances ecological, social, and economic goals. This paper examines the use and integration of local knowledge and conventional science in ecological stewardship and monitoring by seven community-based forestry demonstration projects. Through document reviews and interviews with both participants and partners of all of these community-based organizations, we found that all the community-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic science; Community-based forestry; Community-based natural resource management; Conventional science; Ecological assessment; Ecological monitoring; Local ecological knowledge; Scientific knowledge.
Ano: 2008

Can We Be Both Resilient and Well, and What Choices Do People Have? Incorporating Agency into the Resilience Debate from a Fisheries Perspective.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Coulthard, Sarah; University of Ulster; s.coulthard@ulster.ac.uk.
In the midst of a global fisheries crisis, there has been great interest in the fostering of adaptation and resilience in fisheries, as a means to reduce vulnerability and improve the capacity of fishing society to adapt to change. However, enhanced resilience does not automatically result in improved well-being of people, and adaptation strategies are riddled with difficult choices, or trade-offs, that people must negotiate. This paper uses the context of fisheries to explore some apparent tensions between adapting to change on the one hand, and the pursuit of well-being on the other, and illustrates that trade-offs can operate at different levels of scale. It argues that policies that seek to support fisheries resilience need to be built on a better...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agency; Fisheries; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

Mismatch Between Scales of Knowledge in Nepalese Forestry: Epistemology, Power, and Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ahlborg, Helene; Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology; helene.ahlborg@chalmers.se; Nightingale, Andrea J.; Institute of Geography and the Lived Environment, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburgh; andrea.nightingale@ed.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Knowledge scales; Natural resource management; Nepal; Power; Scale.
Ano: 2012

Responses of Emergent Marsh Wetlands in Upstate New York to Variations in Urban Typology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kleppel, G. S.; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; gkleppel@csc.albany.edu; Madewell, Shirley A; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; madewell@mail.com; Hazzard, Sarah E; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; hazzads@ecostudies.org.
Although it has been repeatedly demonstrated that urbanization has negative environmental consequences, the conversion of land to urban use is increasing worldwide and is not likely to abate. We tested the hypothesis that different urban typologies, i.e., distributions of human population and infrastructure, differentially influence the water quality and ecological functionality of emergent marsh wetlands in New York State's Hudson River Valley. Wetlands were studied in two watersheds, defined as landscapes bounded by ridge lines, containing traditional small-town development and two watersheds containing suburban typologies. Land cover attributes were evaluated by analyzing ground-truthed, orthophotoquad data with a GIS. Water quality, the cover and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hudson River Valley; New York State; Buffers; Land use; Small towns; Suburbs; Trophic transfer efficiency; Urban typology; Urbanization; Water quality; Watershed; Wetlands.
Ano: 2004

The Contributions of Regional Knowledge Networks Researching Environmental Changes in Latin America and Africa: a Synthesis of what they can do and why they can be policy relevant
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lahsen, Myanna; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; myanna@sir.inpe.br; Swap, Robert; University of Virginia; swapper@virginia.edu; McNie, Elizabeth; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; emcnie@gmail.com; Ometto, Jean P. H. B.; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; jean.ometto@inpe.br; Schor, Tatiana; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; tschor@ufam.edu.br; Tiessen, Holm; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; htiessen@dir.iai.int; Andelman, Sandy; Conservation International; sandelman@conservation.org; Annegarn, Harold; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa; hannegarn@gmail.com.
We provide a synthesis of what regional scientific research networks in less developed regions of the world can do and why they might be relevant for societal decisions and practice. We do so through a focus on three regional science network initiatives that aim to enhance understanding of the multiscalar dynamics of global environmental change (GEC) regionally and globally, namely the Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000), the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change (IAI).  With a view to aiding future efforts at regional research network formation, we assess whether and how these three networks enhanced regional science, and the extent to which they sought and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Capacity building; Global change; Latin America; Scientific research networks.
Ano: 2013

New Methodologies for Interdisciplinary Research and Action in an Urban Ecosystem in Chicago
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wali, Alaka; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; awali@fieldmuseum.org; Darlow, Gillian; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; gdarlow@fieldmuseum.org; Fialkowski, Carol; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; cfialkowski@fieldmuseum.org; Tudor, Madeleine; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; mtudor@fieldmuseum.org; del Campo, Hilary; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; hdelcampo@fieldmuseum.org; Stotz, Douglas; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; dstotz@fieldmuseum.org.
This article synthesizes recent work carried out at The Field Museum that applies an ecosystems approach to ecological and anthropological research, conservation planning, and environmental action. This work is part of an effort to protect biological diversity in the Lake Calumet region of metropolitan Chicago. The need for an ecosystems approach to urban areas, particularly in relation to conservation efforts, is discussed. Reviewing the problems of alternative, non-systemic perspectives in both research and policy toward urban problems, the article describes how the efforts of Field Museum scientists and educators integrate interdisciplinary research into a conservation and information design process.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chicago; Conservation Design; Integrative Research; Lake Calumet; Urban ecosystem.
Ano: 2003

Ancient clam gardens, traditional management portfolios, and the resilience of coupled human-ocean systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jackley, Julia; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University; jaj8@sfu.ca; Gardner, Lindsay; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; gardner@sfu.ca; Djunaedi, Audrey F.; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; adjunaed@sfu.ca; Salomon, Anne K.; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; anne.salomon@sfu.ca.
Indigenous communities have actively managed their environments for millennia using a diversity of resource use and conservation strategies. Clam gardens, ancient rock-walled intertidal beach terraces, represent one example of an early mariculture technology that may have been used to improve food security and confer resilience to coupled human-ocean systems. We surveyed a coastal landscape for evidence of past resource use and management to gain insight into ancient resource stewardship practices on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. We found that clam gardens are embedded within a diverse portfolio of resource use and management strategies and were likely one component of a larger, complex resource management system. We compared clam...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ancient shellfish mariculture; Bivalves; Clam gardens; Management portfolio; Resilience; Resource management; Traditional marine management.
Ano: 2016

Lessons for Sustaining Ecological Science and Policy through the Internet
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Internet journal; Resilience; Sustainable development.
Ano: 1999

Can Law Foster Social-Ecological Resilience?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Environmental Protection Agency, USA; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; Allen, Craig R.; U.S. Geological Survey - Nebraska Cooperative Fish &amp; Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.  ; allencr@unl.edu; Benson, Melinda H.; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.; mhbenson@unm.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Adaptive management; Law; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2013

Corporate Social Responsibility or Government Regulation? Evidence on Oil Spill Prevention
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frynas, Jedrzej G; Middlesex University Business School; g.frynas@mdx.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Corporate Social Responsibility; Oil spill prevention; Oil spills; Petroleum; Regulation; Voluntary regulation.
Ano: 2012

The Role of Systems Modeling for Sustainable Development Policy Analysis: the Case of Bio-Ethanol
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chan, Albert W; National Research Council of Canada; albert.chan@nrc.ca; Hoffman, Robert T; ;; McInnis, Bert; ;.
A dynamic systems modeling technique has been developed to assess technologies according to the criterion of sustainability. In a case study, the potential contribution of bio-ethanol toward achieving Canada&amp;#8217;s commitment to the Kyoto targets for greenhouse gas reductions is analyzed. The analysis concludes that, although bio-ethanol may help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the technology by itself is insufficient to meet the Kyoto target. Applying the systems modeling approach to analyze sustainability helps highlight those policy issues that warrant more in-depth study. Although the systems model may not provide definitive answers, it raises relevant questions about physical constraints that might be encountered and estimates the extent to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bio-ethanol; Biofuels; Dynamic systems modeling; Emission targets; Energy crops; Light-duty vehicles; Policy analysis; Sustainability analysis.
Ano: 2004

Strengthening Regional Cohesion: Collaborative Networks and Sustainable Development in Swiss Rural Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hirschi, Christian; ETH Zurich; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch.
This paper makes both a theoretical and empirical contribution to a better understanding of how specific forms of network governance play a crucial role in enhancing sustainable development in rural areas. Drawing on the literature on social capital and social networks, I argue that a region has to achieve a certain level of cohesion in the network structure among actors from different societal sectors and governmental levels to strengthen rural sustainable development. However, to sustain positive regional development in the longer term, network structures also need to guarantee fragmentation and flexibility by including actors with varying views and interests. Empirically, the paper looks at the new policy of regional nature parks in Switzerland. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cohesion; Regional nature parks; Social network analysis; Sustainable regional development; Switzerland.
Ano: 2010

Examples Help Demonstrate the Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Solutions
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Omora Ethnobotanical Park and the UNESCO Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hargrove, Eugene C; University of North Texas; hargrove@unt.edu; Arroyo, Mary T. K.; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity; southern@uchile.cl; Raven, Peter H; Missouri Botanical Garden; peter.raven@mobot.org; Mooney, Harold; Stanford University; hmooney@stanford.edu.
The biocultural conservation and research initiative of Omora Ethnobotanical Park and the UNESCO Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve was born in a remote part of South America and has rapidly expanded to attain regional, national, and international relevance. The park and the biosphere reserve, led by Ricardo Rozzi and his team, have made significant progress in demonstrating the way academic research supports local cultures, social processes, decision making, and conservation. It is a dynamic hive of investigators, artists, writers, students, volunteers, and friends, all exploring ways to better integrate academia and society. The initiative involves an informal consortium of institutions and organizations; in Chile, these include the University of Magallanes,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Sustainable development; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; Chile; Cape Horn.
Ano: 2008

Landscape Patterns of Exurban Growth in the USA from 1980 to 2020
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Theobald, David M; Colorado State University; davet@nrel.colostate.edu.
In the United States, citizens, policy makers, and natural resource managers alike have become concerned about urban sprawl, both locally and nationally. Most assessments of sprawl, or undesired growth patterns, have focused on quantifying land-use changes in urban and metropolitan areas. It is critical for ecologists to examine and improve understanding of land-use changes beyond the urban fringe&amp;#8212;also called exurban sprawl&amp;#8212;because of the extensive and widespread changes that are occurring, and which often are located adjacent to or nearby &amp;#8220;protected&amp;#8221; lands.   The primary goal of this paper is to describe the development of a nationwide, fine-grained database of historical, current, and forecasted housing density,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-scale edge; Exurban sprawl; Forecast model; Landscape sprawl metric; Land-use change; Resilience.
Ano: 2005

Enhancing Adaptive Capacity in Food Systems: Learning at Farmers' Markets in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milestad, Rebecka; Department of Urban and Rural Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Environmental Strategies Research, Royal Institute of Technology; rebecka.milestad@sol.slu.se; Westberg, Lotten; Department of Urban and Rural Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences;; Geber, Ulrika; County Administrative Board of Stockholm;.
This article examines how local food systems in the form of farmers' markets can enhance adaptive capacity and build social-ecological resilience. It does this by exploring the learning potential among farmers and customers. Learning can enable actors to adapt successfully and thus build adaptive capacity. Three forms of learning are investigated: instrumental, communicative, and emancipatory. These forms of learning constitute the foundation for lasting changes of behaviors. Local food systems are characterized by close links and opportunities for face-to-face interactions between consumers and producers of food, and are also institutions where farmers and customers can express and act upon their ethical values concerning food. However, local food systems...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Learning; Local food systems; Farmers' markets; Short food chains; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2010

Tending for Cattle: Traditional Fire Management in Ethiopian Montane Heathlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johansson, Maria U; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Maria.Johansson@slu.se; Fetene, Masresha; Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University; mfetene@bio.aau.edu; Malmer, Anders; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Anders.Malmer@slu.se.
Fire has long been a principal tool for manipulating ecosystems, notably for pastoralist cultures, but in modern times, fire use has often been a source of conflicts with state bureaucracies. Despite this, traditional fire management practices have rarely been examined from a perspective of fire behavior and fire effects, which hampers dialogue on management options. In order to analyze the rationale for fire use, its practical handling, and ecological effects in high-elevation ericaceous heathlands in Ethiopia, we used three different information sources: interviews with pastoralists, field observations of fires, and analysis of vegetation age structure at the landscape level. The interviews revealed three primary reasons for burning: increasing the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic fire; Erica arborea; Erica trimera; Fire behavior; Fire ecology; Forage shrub systems; Pastoralist land use; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2012

Managing Waters of the Para&amp;#237;ba do Sul River Basin, Brazil: a Case Study in Institutional Change and Social Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kumler, Lori M.; School of Natural Resources &amp; Environment, University of Michigan; lkumler@umich.edu; Lemos, Maria Carmen; University of Michigan; lemos@umich.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; CEIVAP; Institutional adaptation; River basin management; Social learning; Water policy.
Ano: 2008

Shooting the Rapids: Navigating Transitions to Adaptive Governance of Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Per; Stockholm University; per@ctm.su.se; Gunderson, Lance H; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Carpenter, Steve R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; Paul.Ryan@csiro.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University; louis@sea-user.org; Folke, Carl; Center for Transdisciplinary Environmental Research; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
The case studies of Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden; the Northern Highlands Lake District and the Everglades in the USA; the Mae Nam Ping Basin, Thailand; and the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Australia, were compared to assess the outcome of different actions for transforming social-ecological systems (SESs). The transformations consisted of two phases, a preparation phase and a transition phase, linked by a window of opportunity. Key leaders and shadow networks can prepare a system for change by exploring alternative system configurations and developing strategies for choosing from among possible futures. Key leaders can recognize and use or create windows of opportunity and navigate transitions toward adaptive governance. Leadership functions include the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Adaptive governance; Transformability; Shadow networks; Leadership; Resilience.
Ano: 2006

Lessons from the Physics Education Reform Effort
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hake, Richard; Indiana University; rrhake@earthlink.net.
Several years ago, I reported a survey of pretest and posttest data for 62 introductory physics courses attended by a total of 6542 students. The present article provides a summary of that survey and offers 14 lessons from the physics education reform effort that may assist in the general upgrading of education and science literacy.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognitive science; Education reform; Education research; Interactive engagement; Physics education; Science literacy.
Ano: 2002

Appraising Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lee, Kai N; Williams College; Kai.N.Lee@williams.edu.
Adaptive management is appraised as a policy implementation approach by examining its conceptual, technical, equity, and practical strengths and limitations. Three conclusions are drawn: (1) Adaptive management has been more influential, so far, as an idea than as a practical means of gaining insight into the behavior of ecosystems utilized and inhabited by humans. (2) Adaptive management should be used only after disputing parties have agreed to an agenda of questions to be answered using the adaptive approach; this is not how the approach has been used. (3) Efficient, effective social learning, of the kind facilitated by adaptive management, is likely to be of strategic importance in governing ecosystems as humanity searches for a sustainable economy.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conservation biology; Ecosystem management; Sustainability transition; Sustainable development.
Ano: 1999

Past and future challenges in managing European seas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blenckner, Thorsten; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; thorsten.blenckner@stockholmresilience.su.se; Kannen, Andreas; Institute for Coastal Research, Human Dimensions in Coastal Areas; Andreas.Kannen@hzg.de; Barausse, Alberto; University of Padova;; Fischer, Christian; Institute for Coastal Research, Human Dimensions in Coastal Areas; Christian.Fischer@hzg.de; Heymans, Johanna J.; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute;; Luisetti, Tiziana; Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia;; Todorova, Valentin; Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences;; Valman, Matilda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University;; Mee, Laurence; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute; laurence.mee@sams.ac.uk.
Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social&amp;#8211;ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based management; Regime shifts; Scenarios.
Ano: 2015

Hot adaptation: what conflict can contribute to collaborative natural resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Laws, David; University of Amsterdam; d.w.laws@uva.nl; Hogendoorn, Daniel; Technical University of Delft; daniel.hogendoorn@gmail.com; Karl, Herman; Visting Research Faculty, Antioch University New England, Keene, New Hampshire; Affiliate Associate Professor, University of New Hampshire; hkarl@comcast.net.
We analyze the impact of conflict on the adaptive comanagement of social-ecological systems. We survey the risks and the resources that conflict creates and review experiences with public policy mediation as a set of practical hypotheses about how to work collaboratively under conditions of conflict. We analyze the significance of these features in the context of an approach to adaptive comanagement that we call &amp;#8220;hot adaptation.&amp;#8221; Hot adaptation is organized to draw on the energy and engagement that conflict provides to enhance the capacity for deliberation and learning around the wicked problems that constitute the working terrain of adaptive comanagement.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaborative adaptive management; Conflict resolution; Emotion; Public policy mediation.
Ano: 2014

Protocol and Practice in the Adaptive Management of Waterfowl Harvests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; fred_a_johnson@fws.gov; Williams, Ken; ; byron_ken_williams@nbs.gov.
Waterfowl harvest management in North America, for all its success, historically has had several shortcomings, including a lack of well-defined objectives, a failure to account for uncertain management outcomes, and inefficient use of harvest regulations to understand the effects of management. To address these and other concerns, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began implementation of adaptive harvest management in 1995. Harvest policies are now developed using a Markov decision process in which there is an explicit accounting for uncontrolled environmental variation, partial controllability of harvest, and structural uncertainty in waterfowl population dynamics. Current policies are passively adaptive, in the sense that any reduction in structural...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Harvest; Hunting regulations; Markov decision process; Migratory birds; Optimization; Uncertainty; Waterfowl.
Ano: 1999

Influencing adaptation processes on the Australian rangelands for social and ecological resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marshall, Nadine A.; CSIRO, Ecosystem Sciences and Climate Adaptation Flagship; School of Earth and Environment Sciences, James Cook University; nadine.marshall@csiro.au; Stokes, Chris J.; CSIRO, Ecosystem Sciences and Climate Adaptation Flagship; chris.stokes@csiro.au.
Resource users require the capacity to cope and adapt to climate changes affecting resource condition if they, and their industries, are to remain viable. Understanding individual-scale responses to a changing climate will be an important component of designing well-targeted, broad-scale strategies and policies. Because of the interdependencies between people and ecosystems, understanding and supporting resilience of resource-dependent people may be as important an aspect of effective resource management as managing the resilience of ecological components. We refer to the northern Australian rangelands as an example of a system that is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and look for ways to enhance the resilience of the system....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Livestock industry; Networks; Primary resource industry; Resource dependency; Social resilience; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

The politics of negotiation and implementation: a reciprocal water access agreement in the Himalayan foothills, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kovacs, Eszter K.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK ; ek334@cam.ac.uk; Kumar, Chetan; Global Forest and Climate Change Program, IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA; Chetan.KUMAR@iucn.org; Agarwal, Chetan; Center for Ecology Development and Research,  India; chetan_agarwal1@hotmail.com; Adams, William M.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK; wa12@cam.ac.uk; Hope, Robert A.; School of Geography and Environment and Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University,  UK; robert.hope@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Vira, Bhaskar; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute (UCCRI); bv101@cam.ac.uk.
In this paper, we examine the on-the-ground realities of upstream-downstream negotiations and transactions over ecosystem services. We explore the engagement, negotiation, implementation, and postimplementation phases of a &amp;#8220;reciprocal water access&amp;#8221; (RWA) agreement between village communities and municipal water users at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. We aim to highlight how external actors drove the payments for ecosystem services agenda through a series of facilitation and research engagements, which were pivotal to the RWA&amp;#8217;s adoption, and how the agreement fared once external agents withdrew. In the postimplementation period, the RWA agreement continues to be upheld by upstream communities amidst evolving, competing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: India; Negotiations; Payments for ecosystem services; Water management.
Ano: 2016

Effects of Educational Attainment on Climate Risk Vulnerability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Patt, Anthony G; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; patt@iiasa.ac.at.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Education; Natural disasters; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

Opportunities for Collaborative Adaptive Management Progress: Integrating Stakeholder Assessments into Progress Measurement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkley, Jim; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; jberkleyh2o@gmail.com.
Collaborative Adaptive Management (CAM) program stakeholders informally assess program progress through subjective assessments regularly. Each stakeholder does this by individually selecting objective progress indicators based on their needs, values, and preferences. They do this even though there may be a stakeholder group agreed-on set of progress objectives. Individual stakeholder indicators may be a subset of the group set or outside of the agreed-on set. This is because many factors influence behavior, and stakeholders may act differently in group settings as opposed to individual settings. These assessments can provide valuable information about stakeholder needs that are not being met, and potential motivations for stakeholders circumventing a CAM...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Adaptive Management Working Group; AMP; AMWG; Attitudes; Behavior; Collaborative adaptive management; Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; Missouri River Recovery Program; MRRP; Progress; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2013

Levin Has It Right
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duke, Clifford; The Environmental Company, Inc.; csduke@tecinc.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Urban water sustainability: framework and application
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yang, Wu; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, China; wyang@zju.edu.cn; Hyndman, David W.; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; hyndman@msu.edu; Winkler, Julie A.; Department of Geography, Michigan State University, USA; winkler@msu.edu; Deines, Jillian M.; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; jillian.deines@gmail.com; Lupi, Frank; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, USA; lupi@msu.edu; Luo, Lifeng; Department of Geography, Michigan State University, USA; lluo@msu.edu; Li, Yunkai; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, China Agriculture University, China; liyunkai@126.com; Basso, Bruno; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; basso@msu.edu; Zheng, Chunmiao; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, China; Center for Water Research, College of Engineering, Peking University, China; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, USA; czheng@pku.edu.cn; Ma, Dongchun; Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; mdc@bwsti.com; Li, Shuxin; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; lishu@msu.edu; Liu, Xiao; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; liuxia32@msu.edu; Zheng, Hua; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; zhenghua@rcees.ac.cn; Cao, Guoliang; Center for Water Research, College of Engineering, Peking University, China; gliang.cao@gmail.com; Meng, Qingyi; Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, China; mqy@bwsti.com; Ouyang, Zhiyun; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu.
Urban areas such as megacities (those with populations greater than 10 million) are hotspots of global water use and thus face intense water management challenges. Urban areas are influenced by local interactions between human and natural systems and interact with distant systems through flows of water, food, energy, people, information, and capital. However, analyses of water sustainability and the management of water flows in urban areas are often fragmented. There is a strong need to apply integrated frameworks to systematically analyze urban water dynamics and factors that influence these dynamics. We apply the framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) to analyze urban water issues, using Beijing as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Megacity; Spillover effects; Sustainability; Systems approach; Telecoupling; Virtual water; Water management.
Ano: 2016

Viable Reserve Networks Arise From Individual Landholder Responses To Conservation Incentives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chomitz, Kenneth M; World Bank; kchomitz@worldbank.org; da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.; Conservation International; g.fonseca@conservation.org; Alger, Keith; Conservation International; k.alger@conservation.org; Stoms, David M; University of California, Santa Barbara; stoms@bren.ucsb.edu; Landau, Elena Charlotte; Federal University of Minas Gerais; landau@icb.ufmg.br; Thomas, Timothy S.; World Bank; tthomas2@worldbank.org; Thomas, W. Wayt; New York Botanical Gardens; wthomas@nybg.org; Davis, Frank; University of California, Santa Barbara; fd@bren.ucsb.edu.
Conservation in densely settled biodiversity hotspots often requires setting up reserve networks that maintain sufficient contiguous habitat to support viable species populations. Because it is difficult to secure landholder compliance with a tightly constrained reserve network design, attention has shifted to voluntary incentive mechanisms, such as purchase of conservation easements by reverse auction or through a fixed-price offer.  These mechanisms carry potential advantages of transparency, simplicity, and low cost. However, uncoordinated individual response to these incentives has been assumed incompatible with the conservation goal of viability, which depends on contiguous habitat and biodiversity representation. We model such incentives for southern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bahia; Biodiversity; Conservation; Conservation planning; Economic instruments; Land use.
Ano: 2006

Exploring the Linkages between Climate Change and Sustainable Development: A Challenge for Transdisciplinary Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munasinghe, Mohan; Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND); mmunasinghe@worldbank.org.
In recent years, both sustainable development and climate change have become well known worldwide, and the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has also focused on the nexus of these two key topics. The IPCC third assessment report confirms that global mean temperatures will rise 1.5-6 degrees Celsius during the next century. Furthermore, climate change will significantly affect the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, as well as key issues like poverty and equity. Therefore, the IPCC is seeking answers to important questions: how future development patterns will affect climate change; how climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation will affect future sustainable development prospects;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; IPCC; Sustainable development; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2001

Assessing Ecological Risks at the Landscape Scale: Opportunities and Technical Limitations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kapustka, Lawrence A; ecological planning and toxicology, inc.; Larry_Kapustka@golder.com.
There is a growing awareness that ecological risk assessments (ERAs) could be improved if they made better use of ecological information. In particular, landscape features that determine the quality of wildlife habitat can have a profound influence on the estimated exposure to stressors incurred by animals when they occupy a particular area. Various approaches to characterizing the quality of habitat for a given species have existed for some time. These approaches fall into three generalized categories: (1) entirely qualitative as in suitable or unsuitable, (2) semiquantitative as in formalized habitat suitability index models, or (3) highly quantitative site-specific characterization of population demographic data such as matrix population models or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Landscape ecology; Wildlife habitat characterization; Habitat suitability index models; Ecological risk assessments.
Ano: 2005

Linking Futures across Scales: a Dialog on Multiscale Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Reinette; University of Wisconsin; biggs@wisc.edu; Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara; McGill University; ciara.rh@gmail.com; Atkinson-Palombo, Carol; Arizona State University; cmatkin@mainex1.asu.edu; Bohensky, Erin; University of Pretoria; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; erin.bohensky@csiro.au; Boyd, Emily; Stockholm University; boyd@ctm.su.se; Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Fox, Helen; World Wildlife Fund; helen.fox@wwfus.org; Ingram, Scott; Arizona State University; singram@asu.edu; Kok, Kasper; Wageningen University; kasper.kok@wur.nl; Spehar, Stephanie; New York University; stephanie.spehar@gmail.com; Timmer, Dagmar; Resourceful Solutions Consulting; timmer.dagmar@gmail.com; Zurek, Monika; FAO; monika.zurek@fao.org.
Scenario analysis is a useful tool for exploring key uncertainties that may shape the future of social-ecological systems. This paper explores the methods, costs, and benefits of developing and linking scenarios of social-ecological systems across multiple spatial scales. Drawing largely on experiences in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, we suggest that the desired degree of cross-scale linkage depends on the primary aim of the scenario exercise. Loosely linked multiscale scenarios appear more appropriate when the primary aim is to engage in exploratory dialog with stakeholders. Tightly coupled cross-scale scenarios seem to work best when the main objective is to further our understanding of cross-scale interactions or to assess trade-offs between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Multiscale scenarios; Cross-scale scenarios; Stakeholder engagement; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental assessment; Scenario analysis.
Ano: 2007

Finding and Filling the "Cracks" In Resistance Surfaces for Least-cost Modeling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rothley, Kristina; Simon Fraser University; krothley@sfu.ca.
Least-cost modeling is an increasingly popular method used to measure the effective distance between habitat patches and to assess the connectivity of existing landscapes or potential reserves. For least-cost models to be reliable and credible, however, the validity of input data must be demonstrated. Least-cost modelers must also exercise extreme caution when using any GIS-based analysis of this kind. Technical issues associated with the raster-based representation of spatial data may introduce errors in otherwise correct data that nullify results. In this paper, I address the potential presence of "cracks" in the resistance input layer of least-cost modeling exercises. Cracks result when narrow, costly features, such as roads or train tracks, are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Connectivity analysis; Cracks; Least-cost modeling; Resistance layers.
Ano: 2005

Resilience&amp;#8212;Now More than Ever
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2005

&amp;#321;egha&amp;#769;gots'enete&amp;#808; (learning together): the importance of indigenous perspectives in the identification of biological variation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Polfus, Jean L.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; jeanpolfus@gmail.com; Manseau, Micheline; Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Parks Canada, Gatineau, Qu&amp;#233;bec, Canada; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Micheline.Manseau@pc.gc.ca; Bayha, Walter; De&amp;#769;l&amp;#305;&amp;#808;ne&amp;#808; Land Corporation, De&amp;#769;l&amp;#305;&amp;#808;ne&amp;#808;, Northwest Territories, Canada; nihtla321@gmail.com; Rice, Keren; Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; rice@chass.utoronto.ca; Wilson, Paul; Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; pawilson@trentu.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Biocultural diversity; Biodiversity; Caribou; Collaborative research; Ecology; First Nation; Genetic variation; Indigenous communities; Population genetics; Population structure; Rangifer tarandus; Resource management; Social-ecological systems; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2016

A mixed-methods approach to assessing success in transitioning water management institutions: a case study of the Platte River Basin, Nebraska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman Babbitt, Christina; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; christinahoffmanm@gmail.com; Burbach, Mark; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; mburbach1@unl.edu; Pennisi, Lisa; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; lpennisi2@unl.edu.
To address increasing conflicts between surface water and groundwater users, the state of Nebraska has adopted a more localized and integrated approach in managing water resources. Integrated approaches offer promise in better managing connected water resources within the state; however, little review of the potential benefits and/or challenges of these actions has been conducted. This case study uses both qualitative and quantitative data collection efforts to take an in-depth look at how this new and innovative management system is working through the eyes of stakeholders living and working in the basin. Data collection reveals that overall the current water management system is working relatively well, even though it is still in its infancy. However,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Governance; Integrated water resources management; Mixed-methods research.
Ano: 2015

The Managed Recession of Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Integrating Science and Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steinman, Alan; Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University; steinmaa@gvsu.edu; Havens, Karl; South Florida Water Management District; khavens@sfwmd.gov; Hornung, Lewis; South Florida Water Management District; lhornun@sfwmd.gov.
Resource management decisions often are based on a combination of scientific and political factors. The interaction of science and politics is not always apparent, which makes the decision-making process appear arbitrary at times. In this paper, we present a case study involving Lake Okeechobee, a key environmental resource in South Florida, USA, to illustrate the role that science played in a high-profile, highly contentious natural resource management decision. At issue was whether or not to lower the water level of Lake Okeechobee. Although scientists believed that a managed recession (drawdown) of water level would benefit the lake ecosystem, risks were present because of possible future water shortages and potential environmental impacts to downstream...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquatic resource management; Environmental management; Lake Okeechobee; Lake restoration; Light and aquatic plants; Restoration ecology; Role of science in management; Submerged aquatic vegetation; Water supply vs. ecological health.
Ano: 2002

Evaluating Safeguards in a Conservation Incentive Program: Participation, Consent, and Benefit Sharing in Indigenous Communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krause, Torsten; Lund University Centre of Excellence for Integration of Social and Natural Dimensions of Sustainability; torsten.krause@lucid.lu.se; Collen, Wain; International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics; awcollen@gmail.com; Nicholas, Kimberly A.; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; kimberly.nicholas.academic@gmail.com.
Critics suggest that Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) may not generate improvements in well-being for participating stakeholders, and may in fact undermine indigenous rights. To ensure positive social benefits from REDD+ projects, the United Nations REDD Programme has proposed core safeguards, including local stakeholder participation; free, prior, and informed consent; and equitable distribution of benefits. However, there is little experience to date in implementing and evaluating these safeguards. We apply these core safeguards as a framework to study how people in indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon perceive and benefit from Programa Socio Bosque, a conservation incentive program in Ecuador&amp;#8217;s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Benefit distribution; Deforestation; Ecuador; Forest governance; Payment for Ecosystem Services; Programa Socio Bosque; REDD+; Safeguards.
Ano: 2013

Quantifying spatial scaling patterns and their local and regional correlates in headwater streams: implications for resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandin, Leonard; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; leonard.sandin@slu.se; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; david.angeler@slu.se.
The distribution of functional traits within and across spatiotemporal scales has been used to quantify and infer the relative resilience across ecosystems. We use explicit spatial modeling to evaluate within- and cross-scale redundancy in headwater streams, an ecosystem type with a hierarchical and dendritic network structure. We assessed the cross-scale distribution of functional feeding groups of benthic invertebrates in Swedish headwater streams during two seasons. We evaluated functional metrics, i.e., Shannon diversity, richness, and evenness, and the degree of redundancy within and across modeled spatial scales for individual feeding groups. We also estimated the correlates of environmental versus spatial factors of both functional composition and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cross-scale resilience; Functional feeding groups; Invertebrates; Local and regional determinants; River ecosystems; Spatial modeling.
Ano: 2014

Uneven Access and Underuse of Ecological Amenities in Urban Parks of the R&amp;#237;o Piedras Watershed
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garcia-Montiel, Diana C.; Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico ; dgarcia@ites.upr.edu.
The association between consumption of ecological amenities in a park setting and improved physical and mental health substantiates the need for improved accessibility to green areas in lower-income neighborhoods. We measured green area accessibility, considering income variation, and park use in a densely populated tropical urban watershed. Park use was explored with 442 in-person interviews, and U.S. Census and Puerto Rico Commonwealth data were used to measure accessibility. Nearly 20% of residents earning &amp;#8804; $15,000 lived within park service areas with the highest crime incidence in the region, whereas 90% of those earning &amp;#62; $75,000 lived within park service areas with lower crime rates. Innovative nonexclusionary activities such as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Accessibility; Ecological amenities; Puerto Rico; Rio Piedras watershed; Urban parks.
Ano: 2014

Citizen science and natural resource governance: program design for vernal pool policy innovation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGreavy, Bridie; Department of Communication and Journalism, Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine ; bridie.mcgreavy@maine.edu; Calhoun, Aram J. K.; Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine ; calhoun@maine.edu; Jansujwicz, Jessica; Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine ; jessica.jansujwicz@maine.edu; Levesque, Vanessa; Department of Sustainability, University of New Hampshire ; vanessa.levesque@unh.edu.
Effective natural resource policy depends on knowing what is needed to sustain a resource and building the capacity to identify, develop, and implement flexible policies. This retrospective case study applies resilience concepts to a 16-year citizen science program and vernal pool regulatory development process in Maine, USA. We describe how citizen science improved adaptive capacities for innovative and effective policies to regulate vernal pools. We identified two core program elements that allowed people to act within narrow windows of opportunity for policy transformation, including (1) the simultaneous generation of useful, credible scientific knowledge and construction of networks among diverse institutions, and (2) the formation of diverse...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Citizen science; Leadership; Natural resource policy; Vernal pools.
Ano: 2016

REDD+ policy networks: exploring actors and power structures in an emerging policy domain
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk; Carmenta, Rachel; Center for International Forestry Research; R.Carmenta@cgiar.org.
Policy making is often neither rational nor solution-oriented, but driven by negotiations of interests of multiple actors that increasingly tend to take place in policy networks. Such policy networks integrate societal actors beyond the state, which all aim, to different degrees, at influencing ongoing policy processes and outcomes. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) can be considered as such an emerging policy domain, in which actors cooperate and conflict in network structures, build coalitions and try to control information and finance flows relevant for REDD+ decision making. This special feature is the result of an extensive comparative research effort to investigate national level REDD+ policy processes and emerging...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agency; Climate change; Comparative analysis; Discourse coalitions; Policy network analysis; Power; REDD+; SNA; Transformational change.
Ano: 2014

The Kyoto Protocol Is Cost-effective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gatto, Marino; Politecnico di Milano; gatto@elet.polimi.it; Caizzi, Andrea; CESI, Business Unit Ambiente; caizzi@cesi.it; Rizzi, Luca; CESI, Business Unit Ambiente; rizziluca@virgilio.it; De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it.
Despite recent advances, there is a high degree of uncertainty concerning the climate change that would result from increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Also, opponents of the Kyoto Protocol raised the key objection that reducing emissions would impose an unacceptable economic burden on businesses and consumers. Based on an analysis of alternative scenarios for electricity generation in Italy, we show that if the costs in terms of damage to human health, material goods, agriculture, and the environment caused by greenhouse gas emissions are included in the balance, the economic argument against Kyoto is untenable. Most importantly, the argument holds true even if we exclude global external costs (those due to global warming), and account...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Electric power generation; Environmental costs; Externalities; Greenhouse gasses; Italian economic impacts; Kyoto Protocol.
Ano: 2002

Characterizing Species at Risk II:  Using Bayesian Belief Networks as Decision Support Tools to Determine Species Conservation Categories Under the Northwest Forest Plan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marcot, Bruce G; USDA Forest Service; bmarcot@fs.fed.us; Hohenlohe, Paul A; Oregon State University; hohenlop@science.oregonstate.edu; Morey, Steve; USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; steven_morey@fws.gov; Holmes, Russ; USDA Forest Service; russellholmes@fs.fed.us; Molina, Randy; USDA Forest Service; rmolina@fs.fed.us; Turley, Marianne C; USDI Bureau of Land Management; mturley@fs.fed.us; Huff, Mark H; USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; Mark_Huff@fws.gov; Laurence, John A; USDA Forest Service; jalaurence@fs.fed.us.
We developed a set of decision-aiding models as Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) that represented a complex set of evaluation guidelines used to determine the appropriate conservation of hundreds of potentially rare species on federally-administered lands in the Pacific Northwest United States. The models were used in a structured assessment and paneling procedure as part of an adaptive management process that evaluated new scientific information under the Northwest Forest Plan. The models were not prescriptive but helped resource managers and specialists to evaluate complicated and at times conflicting conservation guidelines and to reduce bias and uncertainty in evaluating the scientific data. We concluded that applying the BBN modeling framework to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Decision models; Expert panels; Risk analysis; Northwest Forest Plan; Species conservation.
Ano: 2006

Community Resilience and Oil Spills in Coastal Louisiana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colten, Craig E; Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University; ccolten@lsu.edu; Hay, Jenny; Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University; jhay3@tigers.lsu.edu; Giancarlo, Alexandra; Independent Scholar; alexandra.giancarlo@gmail.com.
The persistence of communities along Louisiana&amp;#8217;s coast, despite centuries of natural and technological hazard events, suggests an enduring resilience.  This paper employs a comparative historical analysis to examine &amp;#8220;inherent resilience,&amp;#8221; i.e., practices that natural resource-dependent residents deploy to cope with disruptions and that are retained in their collective memory.  The analysis classifies activities taken in advance of and following a series of oil spills within Wilbanks&amp;#8217; four elements of community resilience: anticipation, reduced vulnerability, response, and recovery.  Comparing local inherent resilience to formal government and corporate resilience enables the identification of strengths and weaknesses...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gulf Coast; Oil spills; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

Editorial on Global Water Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gupta, Joyeeta; Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies,  Amsterdam Institute of Social Science Research,  University of Amsterdam; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft ; j.gupta@uva.nl; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; University of Osnabrueck, Germany; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Governance processes; Governance scenarios; Water ethics; Water governance; Water law.
Ano: 2013

Uncommon among the Commons? Disentangling the Sustainability of the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias Schreiber, Milena; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany; milena@uni-bremen.de; Halliday, Andrew; Freelance Writer and Researcher;.
The term "commons" refers to collectively exploited resources and their systems of usage; a synonymous term is common pool resources. Fisheries are typical common pool resources and also one of the most conspicuous examples of unsustainable use of natural resources. We examine one of the few globally important fisheries that is held to be sustainable, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, and considers the extent to which the institutional characteristics of the fishery conform to design principles that are considered prerequisites for long-term, successful, community-based common pool resources. Results showed that greater conformity to the principles was found in the sustainable phase of the fishery, compared to its unsustainable phase. For this case study, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anchovy fishery; Common pool resources; Design principles; Peru; Sustainabilityanchoveta peruana; Recursos comunes; Dise&amp;ntilde; O de principios; Per&amp;uacute; ; Sostenibilidad.
Ano: 2013

The notion of sewage as waste: a study of infrastructure change and institutional inertia in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Vancouver, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Merlinsky, Maria G.; University of Buenos Aires; merlinsk@retina.ar; LaValle, Alicia; University of British Columbia; av_lavalle@yahoo.com; Morales, Margaret; University of British Columbia; margaret.c.morales@gmail.com; Tobias, Melina M.; University of Buenos Aires; melina.tobias@gmail.com.
The need for a radical shift to more iterative and adaptive solutions in sewage management is increasingly recognized, but our ability to achieve such a shift is constrained by inertia to change. Here, we describe planning in two metropolitan areas that are upgrading their sewage systems, based on interviews with central actors and official documents. Using new institutionalism and concentrating on changes in normative, regulative, and cognitive patterns, we analyze if obstacles to the uptake of innovations can be understood in light of how these patterns counteract institutional change. Our aim is to understand obstacles to reformers implementing a wider vision of sewage management. Our study suggests that even though both Buenos Aires and Vancouver...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Inertia to change; Sewage management; Waste vs. resource; Wastewater; Water management.
Ano: 2014

Deforestation and hunting effects on wildlife across Amazonian indigenous lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Constantino, Pedro de Araujo Lima; Independent researcher; plconstantino@gmail.com.
Deforestation and hunting are main wildlife threats in Amazonia, affecting the ecosystem and dwellers that rely on game meat. Data from 9109 hunted animals from 35 villages of 8 Pano indigenous lands in Brazilian Amazonia were used to build 4 indicators of wildlife status based on ecological models and to analyze the effects of deforestation, hunting pressure, and socioeconomic aspects on wildlife variation. Although variation in wildlife status indicated depletion in certain locations, hunters from most villages continued to hunt their preferred game after decades of intensive hunting. Indigenous hunting resulted in local depletion of species because of the dispersal of animals away from the source of hunting. This local effect can be explained by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2016

Introduction to Special Feature on Catastrophic Thresholds, Perspectives, Definitions, and Applications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Washington-Allen, Robert A; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; washington-allen@tamu.edu; Briske, David D.; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; dbriske@tamu.edu; Shugart, Herman H.; W.W. Corcoran Professor of Environmental Sciences &amp; Director, Center for Regional Environmental Studies, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia; hhs@virginia.edu; Salo, Lucinda F.; Sage Ecosystem Science; csalo11@hotmail.com.
The contributions to this special feature focus on several conceptual and operational applications for understanding non-linear behavior of complex systems with various ecological criteria at unique levels of organization. The organizing theme of the feature emphasizes alternative stable states or regimes and intervening thresholds that possess great relevance to ecology and natural resource management. The authors within this special feature address the conceptual models of catastrophe theory, self-organization, cross-scale interactions and time-scale calculus; develop operational definitions and procedures for understanding the occurrence of dynamic regimes or multiple stable states and thresholds; suggest diagnostics tools for detection of states and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Catastrophe theory; Complex systems science; Dynamical systems analysis; Ecological resilience; Non-equilibrium ecology; Self-organization; Thresholds; Time-scale calculus.
Ano: 2010

Revealing the Organization of Complex Adaptive Systems through Multivariate Time Series Modeling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; david.angeler@slu.se; Drakare, Stina; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment ; stina.drakare@slu.se; Johnson, Richard K; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment ; richard.johnson@slu.se.
Revealing the adaptive responses of ecological, social, and economic systems to a transforming biosphere is crucial for understanding system resilience and preventing collapse. However, testing the theory that underpins complex adaptive system organization (e.g., panarchy theory) is challenging. We used multivariate time series modeling to identify scale-specific system organization and, by extension, apparent resilience mechanisms. We used a 20-year time series of invertebrates and phytoplankton from 26 Swedish lakes to test the proposition that a few key-structuring environmental variables at specific scales create discontinuities in community dynamics. Cross-scale structure was manifested in two independent species groups within both communities across...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex adaptive systems dynamics; Complex adaptive systems organization; Cross-scale structure; Discontinuities; Environmental variables; Invertebrates; Lakes; Panarchy; Phytoplankton; Resilience; Time series modeling.
Ano: 2011

CAMPFIRE and Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Local Communities Bordering Northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gandiwa, Edson; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; egandiwa@gmail.com; Lokhorst, Anne M.; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University,  Wageningen, The Netherlands; annemarike.lokhorst@wur.nl; Prins, Herbert H.T.; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Herbert.Prins@wur.nl; Leeuwis, Cees; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University,  Wageningen, The Netherlands; Cees.Leeuwis@wur.nl.
Human-wildlife conflicts are a global problem, and are occurring in many countries where human and wildlife requirements overlap. Conflicts are particularly common near protected areas where societal unrest is large. To ease conflict, integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) have been implemented. The Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is an example of an ICDP. We hypothesized that (i) a higher perceived effectiveness of CAMPFIRE would be associated with a decline in human-wildlife conflicts, and (ii) local communities with higher perceived effectiveness of CAMPFIRE programs would have more favorable attitudes towards problematic wild animals. Four focus group discussions and interviews with 236...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Benefits; Human-wildlife conflicts; Integrated conservation and development projects; Perception; Protected areas.
Ano: 2013

REDD+ policy making in Nepal: toward state-centric, polycentric, or market-oriented governance?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bushley, Bryan R; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; East-West Center; bushley@hawaii.edu.
Over the past 40 years, Nepal has become renowned for its community-based forestry policies, initiatives, and institutions, characterized by local autonomy in decisions about forest management and use and a gradual shift toward more inclusive national policy processes. In recent years, the government, international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), donors, and some civil society organizations have instigated policy and piloting initiatives for an international climate change mitigation scheme known as &amp;#8220;reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries&amp;#8221; (REDD+). Although many people see REDD+ as a means of bolstering forest conservation efforts and enhancing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Conservation; Decentralization; Forest governance; Policy networks; South Asia.
Ano: 2014

The Oak Ridges Moraine as a Social Innovation: Strategic Vision as a Social-Ecological Interaction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Daniel D. P.; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience and the Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo; dmccarth@uwaterloo.ca; Whitelaw, Graham S.; School of Environmental Studies, Queens University; graham.whitelaw@queensu.ca; Westley, Frances R.; JW McConnell Chair in Social Innovation, Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Crandall, Debbe D.; Debbe Day Crandall Save the Oak Ridges Moraine Coalition; debbeday@rogers.com; Burnett, David; Manager, Regional and Provincial Policy, Toronto and Region Conservation; dburnett@trca.on.ca.
The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) case is unique in that it represents a social innovation in Canadian, if not North American, ecosystem-based land-use planning. A social innovation is an initiative, product, process, or program that profoundly changes the basic routines, resources, and authority flows or beliefs of any social system. Successful social innovations have durability and broad impact. We interpret the narrative of the ORM conservation process to explore the utility of an emerging social innovation conceptual model, the &amp;#8216;vision as social interaction&amp;#8217; framework using resilience thinking and the role of vision in social change within complex social-ecological systems.  Qualitative data from two interrelated studies of the moraine...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Oak Ridges Moraine; Social-ecological systems; Social innovation; Strategic vision.
Ano: 2014

Facing the Adaptive Management Challenge: Insights from Transition Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Brugge, Rutger; Drift, Erasmus University Rotterdam; vanderbrugge@fsw.eur.nl; van Raak, Roel; Drift, Erasmus University Rotterdam; ICIS, University of Maastricht; vanRaak@fsw.eur.nl.
Recent research suggests that transitions toward adaptive water management regimes are needed because current water management regimes cannot  adequately respond to uncertainty. The pivotal question is how to understand and manage such transitions. The literature on adaptive management addresses this question in part, but must now move beyond the descriptive toward a prescriptive management framework. Transition management theory could help in meeting this challenge. The similarity of the theoretical starting points yet different applications offer fertile conditions for cross-pollination. We investigate three central concepts from the transition management literature for their potential contribution to adaptive management. In particular, the notions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive water management; Transition management; Water management.
Ano: 2007

Busch, D. E., and J. C. Trexler, editors. 2002. Monitoring Ecosystems: Interdisciplinary Approaches for Evaluating Ecoregional Initiatives. Island Press, Washington, D. C., USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kaplan, Isaac C; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; ickaplan@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Transformational change: creating a safe operating space for humanity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McAlpine, Clive A.; The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management and National Environmental Decisions Research Hub, Brisbane, Australia; c.mcalpine@uq.edu.au; Seabrook, Leonie M.; The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management and National Environmental Decisions Research Hub, Brisbane, Australia; l.seabrook@uq.edu.au; Ryan, Justin G.; The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management and National Environmental Decisions Research Hub, Brisbane, Australia; justin.ryan@uq.edu.au; Feeney, Brian J.; The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management and National Environmental Decisions Research Hub, Brisbane, Australia; bjfeeney@gmail.com; Ripple, William J.; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; bill.ripple@oregonstate.edu; Ehrlich, Anne H.; Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; aehrlich@stanford.edu; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; pre@stanford.edu.
Many ecologists and environmental scientists witnessing the scale of current environmental change are becoming increasingly alarmed about how humanity is pushing the boundaries of the Earth&amp;#8217;s systems beyond sustainable levels. The world urgently needs global society to redirect itself toward a more sustainable future: one that moves intergenerational equity and environmental sustainability to the top of the political agenda, and to the core of personal and societal belief systems. Scientific and technological innovations are not enough: the global community, individuals, civil society, corporations, and governments, need to adjust their values and beliefs to one in which  sustainability becomes the new global paradigm society. We argue that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Behavioral change; Connectedness; Innovative leadership; Societal values; Transformational change; Transition management.
Ano: 2015

Economic Behavior in the Face of Resource Variability and Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McAllister, Ryan R J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Tisdell, John G; University of Tasmania; John.Tisdell@utas.edu.au; Reeson, Andrew F; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; andrew.reeson@csiro.au; Gordon, Iain J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; The James Hutton Institute (Current Address); iain.gordon@csiro.au.
Policy design is largely informed by the traditional economic viewpoint that humans behave rationally in the pursuit of their own economic welfare, with little consideration of other regarding behavior or reciprocal altruism. New paradigms of economic behavior theory are emerging that build an empirical basis for understanding how humans respond to specific contexts. Our interest is in the role of human relationships in managing natural resources (forage and livestock) in semiarid systems, where spatial and temporal variability and uncertainty in resource availability are fundamental system drivers. In this paper we present the results of an economic experiment designed to explore how reciprocity interacts with variability and uncertainty. This behavior...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agistment; Experimental economics; Grazing; Investment game; Livestock mobility; Nomadism; Reciprocity; Trust game.
Ano: 2011

An Empirical Analysis of Stakeholders&amp;#8217; Influence on Policy Development: the Role of Uncertainty Handling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bijlsma, Rianne M.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; Deltares, The Netherlands; r.m.bijlsma@alumnus.utwente.nl; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Cemagref (UMR G-EAU); University of Delft, The Netherlands; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Wolters, Henk A.; Deltares, The Netherlands; henk.wolters@deltares.nl; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; a.y.hoekstra@utwente.nl.
Stakeholder participation is advocated widely, but there is little structured, empirical research into its influence on policy development. We aim to further the insight into the characteristics of participatory policy development by comparing it to expert-based policy development for the same case. We describe the process of problem framing and analysis, as well as the knowledge base used. We apply an uncertainty perspective to reveal differences between the approaches and speculate about possible explanations. We view policy development as a continuous handling of substantive uncertainty and process uncertainty, and investigate how the methods of handling uncertainty of actors influence the policy development. Our findings suggest that the wider frame...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Framing; Participation; Policy development; Policy process; Stakeholder involvement; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011

Ex Ante Impact Assessment of Policies Affecting Land Use, Part A: Analytical Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helming, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); khelming@zalf.de; Diehl, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); diehl@zalf.de; Bach, Hanne; Department of Policy Analysis NERI; hba@dmu.dk; Dilly, Oliver; School of Integrated Climate System Services, University of Hamburg; oliver.dilly@uni-hamburg.de; Kuhlman, Tom; Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI); tom.kuhlman@wur.nl; Sieber, Stefan; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); stefan.sieber@zalf.de; Tabbush, Paul; ; paul.tabbush@virgin.net; Tscherning, Karen; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); tscherning@zalf.de; Wascher, Dirk; Alterra WUR; dirk.wascher@wur.nl; Wiggering, Hubert; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); wiggering@zalf.de.
Contemporary policy making calls for scientific support to anticipate the possible consequences of optional policy decisions on sustainable development. This paper presents an analytical framework for ex ante assessment of economic, social, and environmental impacts of policy driven land use changes that can be used as an aid to policy making. The tasks were to (1) link policy scenarios with land use change simulations, (2) link land use change simulations with environmental, social, and economic impacts through indicators, and (3) valuate the impacts in the context of sustainable development. The outcome was a basis for dialogue at the science-policy interface in the process of developing new policies on the European level that impact on land and land...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Analytical framework; Discussion tools; DPSIR-framework; Ex ante impact assessment; Land use change; Model-based tools; Participatory assessment tools; Policy development; Sustainability.
Ano: 2011

Integrating societal perspectives and values for improved stewardship of a coastal ecosystem engineer
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scyphers, Steven B; University of South Alabama; Dauphin Island Sea Lab; Northeastern University; s.scyphers@neu.edu; Picou, J Steven; Coastal Resource and Resiliency Center University of South Alabama; spicou@southalabama.edu; Brumbaugh, Robert D; The Nature Conservancy; rbrumbaugh@tnc.org; Powers, Sean P; University of South Alabama; Dauphin Island Sea Lab; spowers@disl.org.
Oyster reefs provide coastal societies with a vast array of ecosystem services, but are also destructively harvested as an economically and culturally important fishery resource, exemplifying a complex social-ecological system (SES). Historically, societal demand for oysters has led to destructive and unsustainable levels of harvest, which coupled with multiple other stressors has placed oyster reefs among the most globally imperiled coastal habitats. However, more recent studies have demonstrated that large-scale restoration is possible and that healthy oyster populations can be sustained with effective governance and stewardship. However, both of these require significant societal support or financial investment. In our study, we explored relationships...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource; Crassostrea virginica; Ecosystem-based management; Ecosystem services; Marine protected areas; Restoration; Spawning sanctuaries.
Ano: 2014

Managing Surprises in Complex Systems: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Longstaff, P. H.; Syracuse University; phlongst@syr.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Resilience.
Ano: 2009

Urban Containment Policies and the Protection of Natural Areas: The Case of Seoul's Greenbelt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bengston, David N; USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station; dbengston@fs.fed.us; Youn, Yeo-Chang; Seoul National University, Department of Forest Science; youn@snu.ac.kr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Urban sprawl; Urban containment; Greenbelt; Urban sustainability; Urban planning.
Ano: 2006

Effects of protected area downsizing on habitat fragmentation in Yosemite National Park (USA), 1864 &amp;#8211; 2014
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Golden Kroner, Rachel E.; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; rachelelizabethgolden@gmail.com; Krithivasan, Roopa; Department of Geography, Clark University; rkrithivasan@clarku.edu; Mascia, Michael B.; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; m.mascia@conservation.org.
Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) has been documented worldwide, but its impacts on biodiversity are poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, we reviewed historical documents to identify legal changes that altered the boundaries of Yosemite National Park. We identified two downsizes and five additions between 1905 and 1937 that reduced the size of Yosemite National Park by 30%. To examine the effects of these downsizing events on habitat fragmentation by roads, we compared protected, never-protected, and downsized lands at three spatial scales using four habitat fragmentation metrics: road density, fragment (land surrounded by roads) area-to-perimeter ratio, fragment area, and fragment density. In general, lands that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Downsizing; Governance; Habitat fragmentation; PADDD; Protected areas; Yosemite National Park.
Ano: 2016

The Roles and Movements of Actors in the Deforestation of  Brazilian Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fearnside, Philip M; National Institute for Research in the Amazon-INPA; pmfearn@inpa.gov.br.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Migration; Population; Rainforest; Ranching.
Ano: 2008

The Challenge of Collecting and Using Environmental Monitoring Data
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biber, Eric; University of California, Berkeley; ebiber@law.berkeley.edu.
The monitoring of ambient environmental conditions is essential to environmental management and regulation. However, effective monitoring is subject to a range of institutional, political, and legal constraints, constraints that are a product of the need for monitoring to be continuous, long lived, and well matched to the resources being studied. Political pressure or myopia, conflicting agency goals, the need for institutional autonomy, or a reluctance of agency scientists to pursue monitoring all may make it difficult for ambient monitoring to be effectively undertaken. Even if effective monitoring data is gathered, it may not be used in decision making. The inevitable residual uncertainty in monitoring data allows stakeholders to contest the use of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental law; Monitoring; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Indigenous social and economic adaptations in northern Alaska as measures of resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martin, Stephanie; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage; slmartinak@gmail.com.
I explored one aspect of social-ecological change in the context of an Alaskan human-Rangifer system, with the goal of understanding household adaptive responses to perturbations when there are multiple forces of change at play. I focused on households as one element of social resilience. Resilience is in the context of transition theory, in which communities are continually in a process of change, and perturbations are key points in the transition process. This case study of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, USA, contributes to the understanding of cultural continuity and household resilience in times of rapid change by using household survey data from 1978 to 2003 to understand how households adapted to changes in the cash economy that came with oil development at...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anaktuvuk Pass; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

The Concept of Resilience from a Normative Perspective: Examples from Dutch Adaptation Strategies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Keessen, Andrea M.; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law; a.m.keessen@uu.nl; Hamer, Jurrien M.; PhD-candidate Moral Philosophy, Utrecht University; j.m.hamer@students.uu.nl; Van Rijswick, Helena  F. M. W.; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law; H.vanRijswick@uu.nl; Wiering, Mark; Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen; m.wiering@fm.ru.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation strategies; The Netherlands; Normative choices; Political theory; Public interest.
Ano: 2013

Economic Evaluation of Pollination Services Comparing Coffee Landscapes in Ecuador and Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olschewski, Roland; University of Goettingen; rolsche@uni-forst.gwdg.de; Tscharntke, Teja; University of Goettingen; ttschar@gwdg.de; Schwarze, Stefan; University of Goettingen; sschwar1@gwdg.de; Klein, Alexandra-Maria; University of Goettingen; aklein2@gwdg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Certified shaded coffee; Environmental services; Pest management.
Ano: 2006

A Toolkit Modeling Approach for Sustainable Forest Management Planning:  Achieving Balance between Science and Local Needs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sturtevant, Brian R.; Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; bsturtevant@fs.fed.us; Fall, Andrew; Gowlland Technologies Ltd; fall@cs.sfu.ca; Simon, Neal P. P.; Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources; nealsimon@gov.nl.ca; Morgan, Don G.; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Don.Morgan@gems7.gov.bc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Ecosystem management; Forest sustainability; Interdisciplinary modeling; Land planning; Participatory modeling; Scaling.
Ano: 2007

Evidence that a Highway Reduces Apparent Survival Rates of Squirrel Gliders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCall, Sarah C; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; School of Botany, University of Melbourne;; McCarthy, Michael A; School of Botany, University of Melbourne; mamcca@unimelb.edu.au; van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; School of Botany, University of Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au; Harper, Michael J; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria;; Cesarini, Silvana; School of Biological Scienes, Monash University;; Soanes, Kylie; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology;.
Roads and traffic are prominent components of most landscapes throughout the world, and their negative effects on the natural environment can extend for hundreds or thousands of meters beyond the road. These effects include mortality of wildlife due to collisions with vehicles, pollution of soil and air, modification of wildlife behavior in response to noise, creation of barriers to wildlife movement, and  establishment of dispersal conduits for some plant and animal species. In southeast Australia, much of the remaining habitat for the squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, is located in narrow strips of Eucalyptus woodland that is adjacent to roads and streams, as well as in small patches of woodland vegetation that is farther from roads. We evaluated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Emigration; Mortality; Population persistence; Road ecology; Squirrel glider; Survival.
Ano: 2010

The Energy&amp;#8211;Water Nexus: Managing the Links between Energy and Water for a Sustainable Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hussey, Karen; Senior Lecturer, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; karen.hussey@anu.edu.au.
Water and energy are each recognized as indispensable inputs to modern economies. And, in recent years, driven by the three imperatives of security of supply, sustainability, and economic efficiency, the energy and water sectors have undergone rapid reform. However, it is when water and energy rely on each other  that the most complex challenges are posed for policymakers. Despite the links and the urgency in both sectors for security of supply, in existing policy frameworks, energy and water policies are developed largely in isolation from one another&amp;#8212;a degree of policy fragmentation that is seeing erroneous developments in both sectors. Examples of the trade-offs between energy and water security include: the proliferation of desalination...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Energy policy; Energy&amp;#8211; Water nexus; Integrated planning; Policy integration; Water policy.
Ano: 2012

Relationships Between Perceived Coastal Waterway Condition and Social Aspects of Quality of Life
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Melanie E; Coastal Zone CRC and Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland; m.cox@marine.uq.edu.au; Johnstone, Ron; Coastal Zone CRC and Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland; rnje@uq.edu.au; Robinson, Jackie; Coastal Zone CRC and School of Economics, University of Queensland; j.robinson@economics.uq.edu.au.
Previous research has shown that the presence of natural areas is beneficial to human well-being. However, to date there have been few published studies of the effects that the condition of natural areas have on well-being. We hypothesize that coastal waterways that are perceived to be in better condition are visited more often by local residents, and as a result, residents will develop a stronger sense of place and stronger social relations with other residents, which will in turn lead to a higher quality of life. A survey was conducted to test this hypothesis in two coastal regions in Queensland, Australia. A weak relationship was found between perceived coastal quality and the number of recreational visits. In both study areas, frequency of visits to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Quality of life; Waterway condition; Coastal zone management.
Ano: 2006

Risk Mapping for Avian Influenza: a Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za.
Pathogen dynamics are inseparable from the broader environmental context in which pathogens occur. Although some pathogens of people are primarily limited to the human population, occurrences of zoonoses and vector-borne diseases are intimately linked to ecosystems. The emergence of these diseases is currently being driven by a variety of influences that include, among other things, changes in the human population, long-distance travel, high-intensity animal-production systems, and anthropogenic modification of ecosystems. Anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems have both direct and indirect (food-web mediated) effects. Therefore, understanding disease risk for zoonoses is a social&amp;#8211;ecological problem.   The articles in this special feature focus on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disease; Framework; Health; Influenza; Pathogen; Resilience; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system.
Ano: 2010

Coca and Colonists: Quantifying and Explaining Forest Clearance under Coca and Anti-Narcotics Policy Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bradley, Andrew V; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Cambridgeshire, PE28 2LS, UK; avbradley@ceh.ac.uk; Millington, Andrew C; Department of Geography, 810 O&amp;M Building, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3147, USA; millington@geog.tamu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anti-narcotics policies; Bolivia; Coca; Deforestation; Forest clearance rates; Land-use change.
Ano: 2008

Frogs Call at a Higher Pitch in Traffic Noise
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Parris, Kirsten M; University of Melbourne; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; k.parris@unimelb.edu.au; Velik-Lord, Meah; University of Melbourne; meah@unimelb.edu.au; North, Joanne M. A.; University of Melbourne; fflojjo@yahoo.com.
Male frogs call to attract females for mating and to defend territories from rival males. Female frogs of some species prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger, more experienced males. Acoustic interference occurs when background noise reduces the active distance or the distance over which an acoustic signal can be detected. Birds are known to call at a higher pitch or frequency in urban noise, decreasing acoustic interference from low-frequency noise. Using Bayesian linear regression, we investigated the effect of traffic noise on the pitch of advertisement calls in two species of frogs, the southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) and the common eastern froglet (Crinia signifera). We found evidence that L. ewingii calls at a higher pitch in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Acoustic interference; Ambient noise; Amphibian decline; Animal behavior; Bioacoustics; Road ecology; Signal design; Traffic noise; Urban ecology; Vocal communication; Litoria ewingii; Crinia signifera.
Ano: 2009

Keystone Species and Academic-Agency Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

From Polluter Pays to Provider Gets: Distribution of Rights and Costs under Payments for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mauerhofer, Volker; United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS); volker.mauerhofer@gmx.at; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park; Hubacek@umd.edu; Coleby, Alastor; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; a.m.coleby@gmail.com.
Should society have the right to freely available clean air and water, or should people be required to pay for these as commodities just as they do for many other goods or services that they consume? With this question and further questions on environmental governance in mind, we reviewed the paradigm shift in natural resource management from the polluter pays principle (PPP), which focuses on polluters and enforcement of thresholds, to the principle of payments for ecosystem services (PES), which emphasizes provider-based economic approaches. Given that there are conflicts of interest over natural resources and ecosystem services (ESs), these conflicts could be resolved through rights and/or cost assignments via third-party intervention, i.e., by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Efficient allocation; Environmental principle; Fair distribution; Human right; Property rights; Sustainable scale.
Ano: 2013

Using the politicized institutional analysis and development framework to analyze (adaptive) comanagement: farming and water resources in England
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whaley, Luke; Department of Geography, Kings College London; lukewhaley1@gmail.com; Weatherhead, Edward K.; Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University; k.weatherhead@cranfield.ac.uk.
The challenge of managing water resources in England is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain, a situation reflected in many countries around the world. Cooperative and participatory forms of governance are now seen as one way of addressing this challenge. We investigated this assertion by focusing on five farmer irrigator groups in the low-lying east of England. The groups&amp;#8217; relationship with water resources management was interpreted through the lens of comanagement, which over the past decade has increasingly merged with the field of adaptive management and related concepts that derive from resilience thinking and complex adaptive systems theory. Working within a critical realist paradigm, our analysis was guided by the politicized...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Comanagement; England; Farming; Politicized institutional analysis and development framework; Water resources.
Ano: 2015

Supporting the Shift from State Water to Community Water: Lessons from a Social Learning Approach to Designing Joint Irrigation Projects in Morocco
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dionnet, Mathieu; Lisode; mathieu.dionnet@lisode.com; Bluemling, Bettina; Wageningen University; bettina.bluemling@wur.nl.
This paper focuses on the evaluation of a participatory approach aimed at supporting groups of small-scale farmers in the design of joint drip irrigation projects. Our idea was to create a sustainable social learning environment in which they could acquire adaptive knowledge about new irrigation technology and about designing and managing a joint irrigation project while at the same time improving their negotiation capacities. We developed a framework to evaluate the process as well as the outputs and outcomes of the use of our approach with four groups of smallholder farmers in the Tadla irrigation scheme in Morocco. Our findings showed that the learning environment made it possible to compensate for the knowledge differential among stakeholders and to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social learning  drip irrigation  irrigation projects; Project management  Morocco; Farmers; Water supply.
Ano: 2009

Priming the Governance System for Climate Change Adaptation: The Application of a Social-Ecological Inventory to Engage Actors in Niagara, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baird, Julia; Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University; jbaird@brocku.ca; Plummer, Ryan; Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University; Stockholm Resilience Centre; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca; Pickering, Kerrie; Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University; kpickering@brocku.ca.
Climate change adaptation presents a challenge to current top-down governance structures, including the tension between provision of public goods and actions required by diverse stakeholders, including private actors. Alternative governance approaches that facilitate participation and learning across scales are gaining attention for their ability to bring together diverse actors across sectors and to foster adaptive capacity and resilience. We have described the method and outcomes from the application of a social-ecological inventory to &amp;#8220;prime,&amp;#8221; i.e., hasten the development of, a regional climate change adaptation network. The social-ecological inventory tool draws on the social-ecological systems approach in which social and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Climate change adaptation; Local knowledge; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014

Vulnerability of the Tibetan Pastoral Systems to Climate and Global Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Yang; Peking University; iywang08@gmail.com; Wang, Jun; Peking University ShenZhen Graduate School; wangjun@pkusz.edu.cn; Li, Shuangcheng; Peking University; scli@urban.pku.edu.cn; Qin, Dahe; Peking University;China Meteorological Administration; qdh@cma.gov.cn.
The impacts of climate and global change on Tibetan pastoral systems have become increasingly evident. Thus, a significant research endeavor is to explore the combined effects of these changes on the livelihoods of herder households and communities, on the adaptation strategies they adopted to respond to the current and expected risks associated with these changes, and on the emerging opportunities that can strengthen their resilience and adaptive capacity. We performed an integrated analysis of the dynamics of Tibetan pastoral systems influenced by climate and global changes by using the analytical framework developed by Ostrom. Climate and global changes have significantly altered the attributes of and the interactions within Tibetan pastoral systems,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Global change; Herders; Livelihood; Tibetan Plateau; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Adaptation or Manipulation? Unpacking Climate Change Response Strategies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomsen, Dana C; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; tim.smith@usc.edu.au; Keys, Noni; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; nkeys@usc.edu.au.
Adaptation is a key feature of sustainable social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. As societies traverse various temporal and spatial scales, they are exposed to differing contexts and precursors for adaptation. A cursory view of the response to these differing contexts and precursors suggests the particular ability of persistent societies to adapt to changing circumstances. Yet a closer examination into the meaning of adaptation and its relationship to concepts of resilience, vulnerability, and sustainability illustrates that, in many cases, societies actually manipulate their social&amp;#8211;ecological contexts rather than adapt to them. It could be argued that manipulative behaviors are a subset of a broader suite of adaptive behaviors; however, this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Learning; Manipulation; Path dependency; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

A multilevel evolutionary framework for sustainability analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waring, Timothy M; Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions and School of Economics, University of Maine; timothy.waring@maine.edu; Kline, Michelle Ann; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Institute for Human Origins, Arizona State University; michelle.ann.kline@gmail.com; Brooks, Jeremy S; School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University; brooks.719@osu.edu; Goff, Sandra H; School of Economics, University of Maine; Economics Department, Skidmore College; sgoff@skidmore.edu; Gowdy, John; Department of Economics and Department of Science and Technology Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; gowdyj@rpi.edu; Janssen, Marco A; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; marco.janssen@asu.edu; Smaldino, Paul E; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis; paul.smaldino@gmail.com; Jacquet, Jennifer; Department of Environmental Studies, New York University; jj84@nyu.edu.
Sustainability theory can help achieve desirable social-ecological states by generalizing lessons across contexts and improving the design of sustainability interventions. To accomplish these goals, we argue that theory in sustainability science must (1) explain the emergence and persistence of social-ecological states, (2) account for endogenous cultural change, (3) incorporate cooperation dynamics, and (4) address the complexities of multilevel social-ecological interactions. We suggest that cultural evolutionary theory broadly, and cultural multilevel selection in particular, can improve on these fronts. We outline a multilevel evolutionary framework for describing social-ecological change and detail how multilevel cooperative dynamics can determine...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Cultural evolution; Multilevel selection; Sustainability; Theory.
Ano: 2015

The Life and Times of Snoek
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Norton, Marieke; University of Cape Town; mariekenorton@gmail.com.
The Cape Snoek, or Thyrsites atun, is a species of fish that has a significant presence in the history of the Western Cape and the development of Cape Town.  The snoek is a lively creature that is historically, culturally, economically, and ecologically active in the Western Cape. I argue that in the case of the Cape snoek, the fish and the Cape are performed together; through acts of differentiation, they mutually constitute one another.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Economy; History; Snoek  Western Cape.
Ano: 2013

Source/Sink Patterns of Disturbance and Cross-Scale Mismatches in a Panarchy of Social-Ecological Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zaccarelli, Nicola; Landscape Ecology Laboratory, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; nicola.zaccarelli@unile.it; Petrosillo, Irene; Landscape Ecology Laboratory, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; irene.petrosillo@unile.it; Zurlini, Giovanni; Landscape Ecology Laboratory, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; giovanni.zurlini@unile.it; Riitters, Kurt Hans; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us.
Land-use change is one of the major factors affecting global environmental change and represents a primary human effect on natural systems. Taking into account the scales and patterns of human land uses as source/sink disturbance systems, we describe a framework to characterize and interpret the spatial patterns of disturbances along a continuum of scales in a panarchy of nested jurisdictional social-ecological landscapes (SELs) like region, provinces, and counties. We detect and quantify those scales through the patterns of disturbance relative to land use/land cover exhibited on satellite imagery over a 4-yr period in the Apulia region, South Italy. By using moving windows to measure composition (amount) and spatial configuration (contagion) of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbance mismatches; Disturbance source/sink; Multiscale disturbance patterns; Panarchy; Social-ecological landscapes.
Ano: 2008

Databases, Scaling Practices, and the Globalization of Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turnhout, Esther; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; esther.turnhout@wur.nl; Boonman-Berson, Susan; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; susan.boonman-berson@wur.nl.
Since the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992, biodiversity has become an important topic for scientific research. Much of this research is focused on measuring and mapping the current state of biodiversity, in terms of which species are present at which places and in which abundance, and making extrapolations and future projections, that is, determining the trends. Biodiversity databases are crucial components of these activities because they store information about biodiversity and make it digitally available. Useful biodiversity databases require data that are reliable, standardized, and fit for up-scaling. This paper uses material from the EBONE-project (European Biodiversity Observation Network) to illustrate how biodiversity databases are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Classification; Databases; Scaling practices; Standards; Statistics; Volunteer recorders.
Ano: 2011

Enhancing the Fit through Adaptive Co-management: Creating and Maintaining Bridging Functions for Matching Scales in the Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve, Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; per@ctm.su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Galaz, Victor; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; victor@ctm.su.se; Hahn, Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; hahn@ctm.su.se; Schultz, Lisen; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
In this article, we focus on adaptive governance of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SES) and, more specifically, on social factors that can enhance the fit between governance systems and ecosystems. The challenge lies in matching multilevel governance system, often characterized by fragmented organizational and institutional structures and compartmentalized and sectorized decision-making processes, with ecosystems characterized by complex interactions in time and space. The ability to create the right links, at the right time, around the right issues in multilevel governance systems is crucial for fostering responses that build social&amp;#8211;ecological resilience and maintain the capacity of complex and dynamic ecosystems to generate services for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Adaptive governance; Cross-level links; Cross-scale interactions; Ecosystem management; Resilience; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Social networks.
Ano: 2007

Barraclough, S. L., and K. B. Ghimire. 2000. Agricultural Expansion and Tropical Deforestation: Poverty, International Trade and Land Use. Earthscan, Sterling, Virginia, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mannon, Susan E; University of Wisconsin; smannon@ssc.wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Learning from one another: evaluating the impact of horizontal knowledge exchange for environmental management and governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mistry, Jayalaxshmi; Royal Holloway University of London, UK; j.mistry@rhul.ac.uk; Berardi, Andrea; The Open University, UK; andrea.berardi@open.ac.uk; Bignante, Elisa; University of Torino, Italy; elisa.bignante@unito.it; Simpson, Matthew; Wildfowl &amp; Wetlands Trust (Consulting) Ltd, UK; matthew.simpson@wwtconsulting.co.uk; Haynes, Lakeram; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; lakehays@gmail.com; Benjamin, Ryan; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; garybejamin@gmail.com; Albert, Grace; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; grace.albert.cobra@gmail.com; Xavier, Rebecca; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; rebeccaxavier86@gmail.com; Robertson, Bernie; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; robertsotis1@yahoo.com; Davis, Odacy; Iwokrama International Centre, Guyana; odacyd@gmail.com; Verwer, Caspar; IUCN National Committee of The Netherlands, The Netherlands; caspar.verwer@iucn.nl; Jafferally, Deirdre; Iwokrama International Centre, Guyana; deirdre.jafferally@gmail.com.
There is increasing advocacy for inclusive community-based approaches to environmental management, and growing evidence that involving communities improves the sustainability of social-ecological systems. Most community-based approaches rely on partnerships and knowledge exchange between communities, civil society organizations, and professionals such as practitioners and/or scientists. However, few models have actively integrated more horizontal knowledge exchange from community to community. We reflect on the transferability of community owned solutions between indigenous communities by exploring challenges and achievements of community peer-to-peer knowledge exchange as a way of empowering communities to face up to local environmental and social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Best practices; Community owned solutions; Environmental governance; Guiana Shield; Guyana; Indigenous; Knowledge exchange; Participatory; Visual.
Ano: 2016

Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Conway, Gordon; The Rockefeller Foundation; president@rockfound.org.
GM foods have the potential to provide significant benefits for developing countries. Over 800 million people are chronically undernourished, and 180 million children are severely underweight for their age. By 2020, there will be an extra two billion mouths to feed. Ecological approaches that underpin sustainable agriculture (e.g., integrated pest management) and participatory approaches that strengthen farmers' own experimentation and decision making are key. Biotechnology will be an essential partner, if yield ceilings are to be raised, if crops are to be grown without excessive reliance on pesticides, and if farmers on less favored lands are to be provided with crops that are resistant to drought and salinity, and that can use nitrogen and other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.); Food security; Genetically modified rice; GM foods; Intellectual property rights; Marker-aided selection; Monsanto; Participatory approaches; Plant biotechnology; Plant variety protection; Terminator technology; Vitamin A deficiency.
Ano: 2000

Resource use peak dates distract from real planetary limits
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Sullivan, Jane N.; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland; j.osullivan@uq.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Limits to growth; Peak-rate year; Synchrony.
Ano: 2015

The Adaptation Policy Paradox: the Implementation Deficit of Policies Framed as Climate Change Adaptation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dupuis, Johann; Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP), University of Lausanne; dupuis.johann@gmail.com; Knoepfel, Peter; Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP), University of Lausanne; Peter.Knoepfel@idheap.unil.ch.
The implementation of adaptation policies suffers from barriers and limits; even though adaptation is now set on the political agendas of developed and developing countries, surprisingly few examples of concrete policy realizations are found in comparative assessments. We investigate how the framings of adaptation as a policy problem can relate to tractability issues in implementation. We distinguish three framings of adaptation: climate change adaptation (CCA), climate variability adaptation (CVA), and vulnerability-centered adaptation (VCA) that imply conflicting interpretations of the collective problem to be solved and the goals to be attained through policy solutions. Through the methodology of comparative case studies, we conduct an empirical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Barriers; Climate change; Framing; Implementation; Policy coordination; Policy design; Political sciences; Public policy; Tractability.
Ano: 2013

Living among Frequent-fire Forests: Human History and Cultural Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Murphy, Alexandra; ; smurphy@gmavt.net; Abrams, Jesse; Ecological Restoration Institute; jesse.abrams@nau.edu; Daniel, Terry; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona; tdaniel@u.arizona.edu; Yazzie, Victoria; College of Menominee Nation;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2007

The Network Governance of Urban River Corridors
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holt, Alison R; University of Sheffield; a.holt@sheffield.ac.uk; Moug, Peter; University of Sheffield; petermoug@ymail.com; Lerner, David N; University of Sheffield; d.n.lerner@sheffield.ac.uk.
Urban centers can provide important ecosystem services to society both through green spaces and river corridors. However, urbanization has impacted rivers, and as a consequence, there is increasing support for their sustainable management. The governance of urban river corridors reflects a trend toward stakeholder participation and partnership working in urban regeneration. The integration of ecological, social, and economic knowledge required for their sustainable management is achieved through networks of people and organizations that cross multiple sectors. However, little is known about the structure and function of such governance networks. We address this through a case study that explores the network structure of a multi-stakeholder collaboration...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Interpretive policy analysis; Leadership; Legitimacy; Network governance; Social network analysis; Urban river corridors.
Ano: 2012

Does size matter? An assessment of quota market evolution and performance in the Great Barrier Reef fin-fish fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Innes, James; CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheres Flagship; James.Innes@csiro.au; Little, L. Richard; CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheres Flagship; Rich.Little@csiro.au.
In fisheries managed using individual transferable quotas (ITQs) it is generally assumed that quota markets are well-functioning, allowing quota to flow on either a temporary or permanent basis to those able to make best use of it. However, despite an increasing number of fisheries being managed under ITQs, empirical assessments of the quota markets that have actually evolved in these fisheries remain scarce. The Queensland Coral Reef Fin-Fish Fishery (CRFFF) on the Great Barrier Reef has been managed under a system of ITQs since 2004. Data on individual quota holdings and trades for the period 2004-2012 were used to assess the CRFFF quota market and its evolution through time. Network analysis was applied to assess market structure and the nature of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catch shares; Great Barrier Reef; Line fishery; Market efficiency; Social network analysis; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2014

Integrating Traditional and Evolutionary Knowledge in Biodiversity Conservation: a Population Level Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fraser, Dylan J; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University; dylan.fraser@dal.ca; Coon, Thomas; Cree Trapper's Association; tourism@nation.mistissini.qc.ca; Prince, Michael R.; Cree Nation of Mistissini, Quebec; tourism@nation.mistissini.qc.ca; Dion, Rene; Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec; rdion@gcc.ca; Bernatchez, Louis; Department of Biology, Laval University; louis.bernatchez@bio.ulaval.ca.
Despite their dual importance in the assessment of endangered/threatened species, there have been few attempts to integrate traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and evolutionary biology knowledge (EBK) at the population level. We contrasted long-term aboriginal TEK with previously obtained EBK in the context of seasonal migratory habits and population biology of a salmonid fish, brook charr, (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting a large, remote postglacial lake. Compilation of TEK spanning four decades involved analytical workshops, semidirective interviews, and collaborative fieldwork with local aboriginal informants and fishing guides. We found that TEK complemented EBK of brook charr by providing concordant and additional information about (1) population...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Cree; Evolutionary biology; Fish; James Bay; Local ecological knowledge; Migration; Northern research; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2006

Biological and Ecological Mechanisms Supporting Marine Self-Governance: the Seri Callo de Hacha Fishery in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Basurto, Xavier; Indiana University; Duke University; Comunidad y Biodiversidad AC; xbasurto@indiana.edu.
My goal was to describe how biological and ecological factors give shape to fishing practices that can contribute to the successful self-governance of a small-scale fishing system in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The analysis was based on a comparison of the main ecological and biological indicators that fishers claim to use to govern their day-to-day decision making about fishing and data collected in situ. I found that certain indicators allow fishers to learn about differences and characteristics of the resource system and its units. Fishers use such information to guide their day-to-day fishing decisions. More importantly, these decisions appear unable to shape the reproductive viability of the fishery because no indicators were correlated to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atrina tuberculosa; Callo de hacha; Common-pool resources; Diving fisheries; Gulf of California; Mexico; Pen shells; Pinna rugosa; Resilience; Scallop; Seri; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2008

Mainstreaming ecosystem-based adaptation: transformation toward sustainability in urban governance and planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wamsler, Christine; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), Sweden; Centre for Societal Resilience (CSR), Sweden; Global Urban Research Centre (GURC), Manchester University, UK; christine.wamsler@lucsus.lu.se.
The concept of ecosystem-based adaptation is advocated at international, national, and regional levels. The concept is thought to foster sustainability transitions and is receiving increasing interest from academic and governmental bodies alike. However, there is little theory regarding the pathways for its systematic implementation. It furthermore remains unclear to what degree the concept is already applied in urban planning practice, how it is integrated into existing planning structures and processes, and what drivers exist for further integration. Against this background, this study examines potential ways to sustainably mainstream ecosystem-based adaptation into urban planning. Eight municipalities in Southern Germany were investigated to analyze the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Green infrastructure; Landscape planning; Municipal planning; Resilience; Risk reduction; Sustainability transitions; Sustainable transformation; Urban planning; Urban transformation.
Ano: 2015

Urban Forest and Rural Cities: Multi-sited Households, Consumption Patterns, and Forest Resources in Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Padoch, Christine; The New York Botanical Garden; cpadoch@nybg.org; Brondizio, Eduardo; Dept. of Anthropology, Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change, Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change, Indiana University; ebrondiz@indiana.edu; Pinedo-Vasquez, Miguel; Center for Environmental Research and Conservation and Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; map57@columbia.edu; Sears, Robin R.; Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, Columbia University; The School for Field Studies; sears.robin@gmail.com; Siqueira, Andrea; Center for Latin American &amp; Caribbean Studies and  ACT - Dept. of Anthropology, Indiana University; asigueir@indiana.edu.
In much of the Amazon Basin, approximately 70% of the population lives in urban areas and urbanward migration continues. Based on data collected over more than a decade in two long-settled regions of Amazonia, we find that rural&amp;#8211;urban migration in the region is an extended and complex process. Like recent rural&amp;#8211;urban migrants worldwide, Amazonian migrants, although they may be counted as urban residents, are often not absent from rural areas but remain members of multi-sited households and continue to participate in rural&amp;#8211;urban networks and in rural land-use decisions. Our research indicates that, despite their general poverty, these migrants have affected urban markets for both food and construction materials. We present two...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Amazonia; Deforestation; Rural&amp;#8211; Urban migration; Urban&amp;#8211; Rural interactions.
Ano: 2008

Insights into integrating cumulative effects and collaborative co-management for migratory tundra caribou herds in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunn, Anne; ; gunnan@telus.net; Russell, Don; ; don.russell@ec.gc.ca; Greig, Lorne; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; lgreig@essa.com.
Globally, many migratory mammals are facing threats. In northern Canada, large annual ranges expose migratory caribou to an array of human activities, including industrial exploration and development. Recognition that responses to human activities can accumulate for caribou is long-standing, but is heightened by recent declines in caribou abundance. For example, since the mid-1990s, the Bathurst herd has declined by approximately 90%, leading to severe harvest restrictions. More mines are being proposed and developed across the herd&amp;#8217;s annual range, raising questions about cumulative effects. Despite progress on assessment techniques, aboriginal groups are expressing strong concerns and frustration about gaps in responsibilities for who should...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Arctic Canada; Cumulative effects; Migratory caribou; Mitigation; Monitoring.
Ano: 2014

Resilience, Adaptability, and Transformability in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian H; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; brian.walker@csiro.au; Abel, Nick; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; nick.abel@csiro.au; Anderies, John M; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Marty.Anderies@asu.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; paul.ryan@grapevine.net.au.
We present a resilience-based approach for assessing sustainability in a sub-catchment of the Murray-Darling Basin in southeast Australia. We define the regional system and identify the main issues, drivers, and potential shocks, then assess both specified and general resilience. The current state of the system is a consequence of changes in resource use. We identify ten known or possible biophysical, economic, and social thresholds operating at different scales, with possible knock-on effects between them. Crossing those thresholds may result in irreversible changes in goods and services generated by the region. Changes in resilience, in general, reflect a pattern of past losses with some signs of recent improvements.  Interventions in the system for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment of regional resilience; Interventions to support specific and general resilience; Threshold interactions and cascades.
Ano: 2009

Urban Landscapes and Sustainable Cities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andersson, Erik; Stockholm University; erik.andersson@ecology.su.se.
Ecological research targeting sustainable urban landscapes needs to include findings and methods from many lines of ecological research, such as the link between biodiversity and ecosystem function, the role of humans in ecosystems, landscape connectivity, and resilience. This paper reviews and highlights the importance of these issues for sustainable use of ecosystem services, which is argued to be one aspect of sustainable cities. The paper stresses the need to include social and economic factors when analyzing urban landscapes. Spatially explicit data can be used to assess the roles different green areas have in providing people with ecosystem services, and whether people actually have access to the services. Such data can also be used to assess...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem function; Landscape scale; Sustainable development; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2006

Human Agency, External Factors, and Discourse
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, James; University of Birmingham; James_Evans2000@hotmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Neighborhood change and the role of environmental stewardship: a case study of green infrastructure for stormwater in the City of Portland, Oregon, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shandas, Vivek; Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University; Sustaining Urban Places Research Lab; vshandas@pdx.edu.
Throughout the history of cities, the ecological landscape has often been buried, removed, or taken for granted. A recent recognition that humans are part of the global ecosystem, and that human actions both cause and are affected by ecological change, brings with it an awareness of the value of nature in cities and of natural systems on which cities depend. The feedbacks between humans and their environment within an urban context can have profound implications for the growth of and change in cities, yet there is a limited understanding of the interactions between biophysical changes in cities and the implications of these changes on the quality of life for residents. The application of a coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework provides a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Stewardship; Stormwater management; Urban.
Ano: 2015

Individual- and community-level impacts of volunteer environmental monitoring: a synthesis of peer-reviewed literature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stepenuck, Kristine F; University of Wisconsin-Extension; Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; kris.stepenuck@uvm.edu; Green, Linda T; URI Watershed Watch; University of Rhode Island-Cooperative Extension; lgreen@uri.edu.
Citizens have long contributed to scientific research about the environment through volunteer environmental monitoring programs. Their participation has also resulted in outcomes for themselves, their communities, and the environment. This research synthesizes 35 peer-reviewed journal articles that reported such outcomes through 2012. This collection of articles was derived from a pool of 436 peer-reviewed journal articles about participatory environmental monitoring. Reported outcomes for participants and communities ranged from increasing personal knowledge and community awareness to changing attitudes and behaviors, building social capital, and ultimately, influencing change in natural resource management and policies. Mixed results were reported in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Impacts; Natural resources; Outcomes; Public participation in scientific research; Volunteer monitoring.
Ano: 2015

Global Impacts of European Agricultural and Biofuel Policies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prins, Anne Gerdien; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL); Annegerdien.Prins@pbl.nl; Eickhout, Bas; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL); European Parliament; Bas.Eickhout@pbl.nl; van Meijl, Hans; Agricultural Economics Institute (LEI); Hans.vanMeijl@wur.nl; Rienks, Willem; Rom3D, formerly Alterra, Research Institute for the Green Space, Wageningen University and Research Centre; Willem.Rienks@wur.nl; Woltjer, Geert; Agricultural Economics Institute (LEI); Geert.Woltjer@wur.nl.
Food supply and food distribution have been and are important issues in the global political arena. The recent emergence of biofuel policies has increased the influence of the policy arena on agricultural production. In this paper we show the regional impact of changes in the European Common Agricultural Policy and biofuel policy. Shifting trade patterns, changes in agricultural production, and expansion of agricultural area or intensification of agriculture result in changes in land use and land use emissions. Higher prices for agricultural crops on the world market together with changing production raise agricultural income. Brazil is the region the most affected. The results show that arrangements or policies will be needed to avoid negative impacts in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural income; Biodiversity; Biofuels; CAP reform; Land use.
Ano: 2011

Use of Road Maps in National Assessments of Forest Fragmentation in the United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov; Coulston, John; North Carolina State University; jcoulston@fs.fed.us.
The question of incorporating road maps into U.S. national assessments of forest fragmentation has been a contentious issue, but there has not been a comparative national analysis to inform the debate. Using data and indices from previous national assessments, we compared fragmentation as calculated from high-resolution land-cover maps alone (Method 1) and after superimposing detailed road maps (Method 2). There was more overall fragmentation with Method 2. However, because roads were often adjacent to other nonforest land cover, Method 1 typically detected &amp;gt; 80% of the forest edge and &amp;gt; 88% of the fragmentation of core, i.e., intact, forest that was detected by Method 2. Indices based on individual patch size changed much more for Method 2;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: United States; Ecological assessments; Land-cover maps; Landscape patterns; Road maps; Forest fragmentation.
Ano: 2004

Civic ecology practices: insights from practice theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krasny, Marianne E; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu; Silva, Philip; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; philip.silva@gmail.com; Barr, Cornelia; Gateway Environmental Initiative; cbdub@me.com; Golshani, Zahra; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; golshani@gmail. com; Lee, Eunju; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; el372@cornell.edu; Ligas, Robert; Five Rivers MetroParks; rligas2@yahoo.com; Mosher, Eve; Seeding the City; eve@evemosher.com; Reynosa, Andrea; Tusten Heritage Community Garden; areynosa@skydogprojects.com.
Our aim was to explore the use of practice theory as an approach to studying urban environmental stewardship. Urban environmental stewardship, or civic ecology practice, contributes to ecosystem services and community well-being and has been studied using social-ecological systems resilience, property rights, communities of practice, and governance frameworks. Practice theory, which previously has been applied in studies of consumer behaviors, adds a new perspective to urban stewardship research, focusing on how elements of a practice, such as competencies, meanings, and physical resource, together define the practice. We applied practice theory to eight different civic ecology practices, including oyster gardening in New York City, a civil society group...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic ecology; Practice theory; Stewardship; Urban.
Ano: 2015

Achieving ecological restoration by working with local people: a Chinese scholar seeks win-win paths
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zheng, Heran; College of Economic Management, Beijing Forestry University; zhengheran@foxmail.com; Wang, Guosheng; China Law Society; gshwang@126.com.
Environmental degradation and poverty are linked, and this means that conservation and poverty reduction must be tackled together. However, finding a successful integrated strategy has been an elusive goal. We describe the career of a Chinese scholar, Shixiong Cao, whose persistent efforts to find and follow win-win paths have led to ecological restoration accompanied by long-term benefits for local residents. Cao&amp;#8217;s story illustrates how development that combines environmental and economic perspectives can both help people to escape the poverty trap and restore degraded environments. His experience demonstrates that when environmental managers find solutions that can mitigate or eliminate poverty through the development of green enterprises, they...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Environmental conservation; Environmental policy; Poverty trap; Scientific philosophy; Socioeconomic development.
Ano: 2014

Mental Models:  An Interdisciplinary Synthesis of Theory and Methods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Natalie A; School of Integrative Systems, University of Queensland; n.jones3@uq.edu.au; Ross, Helen; School of Integrative Systems, University of Queensland; Helen.Ross@uq.edu.au; Lynam, Timothy; CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosystems; tim.lynam@csiro.au; Perez, Pascal; CSIRO, Marine &amp; Atmospheric Research; ANU, RMAP/RSPAS; pascal.perez@anu.edu.au; Leitch, Anne; CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosystems; ARC CoE Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University ; Anne.Leitch@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Elicitation; Mental model; Natural resource management.
Ano: 2011

Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Customary Marine Tenure in the Indo-Pacific
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinner, Joshua; James Cook University; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au.
For generations communities in the Western Pacific have employed a range of resource management techniques (including periodic reef closures, gear restrictions, entry limitations, and the protection of spawning aggregations) to limit marine resource use.  Localized control over marine resources, commonly known as customary marine tenure (CMT), is the legal and cultural foundation for many of these practices.  Because of their perceived potential to meet both conservation and community goals, these traditional resource management techniques are being revitalized by communities, governments, and NGOs as an integral part of national and regional marine conservation plans in the Pacific.  However, the viability of conservation strategies built on a foundation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Customary marine tenure; Common-property; Socioeconomic; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia.
Ano: 2005

Distribution and Causes of Global Forest Fragmentation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wade, Timothy G; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wade.timothy@epa.gov; Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James D; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wickham.james@epa.gov; Jones, K. Bruce; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; jones.bruce@epa.gov.
Because human land uses tend to expand over time, forests that share a high proportion of their borders with anthropogenic uses are at higher risk of further degradation than forests that share a high proportion of their borders with non-forest, natural land cover (e.g., wetland). Using 1-km advanced very high  resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite-based land cover, we present a method to separate forest fragmentation into natural and anthropogenic components, and report results for all inhabited continents summarized by World Wildlife Fund biomes. Globally, over half of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome and nearly one quarter of the tropical rainforest biome have been fragmented or removed by humans, as opposed to only 4% of the boreal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest fragmentation; Forest pattern; Global; Risk assessment; Targeting.
Ano: 2003

Sustainability Impact Assessment of Forest Management Alternatives in Europe: an Introductory Background and Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carnus , Jean-Michel; INRA, France; carnus@pierroton.inra.fr; Hengeveld, Geerten M.; Alterra, Wagenigen UR, Netherlands; geerten.hengeveld@wur.nl; Mason, Bill; Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, UK ; bill.mason@forestry.gsi.gov.uk.
Adaptation of forest management practices in the context of rapid climatic and socioeconomic changes is a global concern. Stakeholders in the forest-based sector as well as policy makers need improved methods and tools to assess potential impacts of changes in management on sustainability indicators. In this special feature, we introduce a methodological framework for classification of forest management approaches in European forestry and explore how changes in forest management might affect the delivery of various ecosystem goods and services and appropriate sustainability indicators over time and space from local to continental scales. The complementary papers in this special feature explore different aspects of sustainability and risks in representative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Forest management; Forest models; Indicators; Sustainability impact assessment.
Ano: 2012

Using Expert Judgment and Stakeholder Values to Evaluate Adaptive Management Options
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Failing, Lee; Compass Resource Management; lfailing@compassrm.com; Horn, Graham; ; ghorn@planit.bc.ca; Higgins, Paul; ; paul.Higgins@bchydro.bc.ca.
This paper provides an example of a practical integration of probabilistic policy analysis and multi-stakeholder decision methods at a hydroelectric facility in British Columbia, Canada. A structured decision-making framework utilizing the probabilistic judgments of experts, a decision tree, and a Monte Carlo simulation provided insight to a decision to implement an experimental flow release program. The technical evaluation of the expected costs and benefits of the program were integrated into the multi-stakeholder decision process. The framework assessed the magnitude of the uncertainty, its potential to affect water management decisions, the predictive ability of the experiment, the value of the expected costs and benefits, and the preferences of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision analysis; Expert judgment; Hydroelectricity; Multi-attribute evaluation; Multi-stakeholder consultation; Risk management; Value of information.
Ano: 2004

Diversified Farming Systems: An Agroecological, Systems-based Alternative to Modern Industrial Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kremen, Claire; Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; ckremen@berkeley.edu; Iles, Alastair; Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; iles@berkeley.edu; Bacon, Christopher ; Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Santa Clara University; christophermbacon@gmail.com.
This Special Issue on Diversified Farming Systems is motivated by a desire to understand how agriculture designed according to whole systems, agroecological principles can contribute to creating a more sustainable, socially just, and secure global food system.  We first define Diversified Farming Systems (DFS) as farming practices and landscapes that intentionally include functional biodiversity at multiple spatial and/or temporal scales in order to maintain ecosystem services that provide critical inputs to agriculture, such as soil fertility, pest and disease control, water use efficiency, and pollination. We explore to what extent DFS overlap or are differentiated from existing concepts such as sustainable, multifunctional, organic or ecoagriculture....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agroecology; Ecological diversification; Food justice; Food sovereignty; Industrialized agriculture.
Ano: 2012

The Reflective Practitioner: Learning and Teaching in Community-based Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
The world's natural forests, whose rich ecosystems support wildlife and human populations, are declining. In my 17 years as an international community forester, observing this decline has hardened my resolve to look for answers "outside the box." This paper is a reflection of some of the important lessons I am learning: to keep an open mind at all times, to remember that I can never be certain of the outcome of any given effort, to control my biases, to listen carefully, and to find common ground.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Action research; Collaborative forest management; Community forestry; Community-based forest management; Development theory; Education; Joint forest management; Participatory forest management; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001

River basins as social-ecological systems: linking levels of societal and ecosystem water metabolism in a semiarid watershed
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cabello, Violeta; Department of Human Geography, University of Seville; vcabellov@gmail.com; Willaarts, Barbara A.; Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks - CEIGRAM, Technical University of Madrid.; barbara.willaarts@upm.es; Aguilar, Monica; Department of Physical Geography, University of Seville; malba@us.es; del Moral Ituarte, Leandro; Department of Human Geography, University of Seville; lmoral@us.es.
River basin modeling under complexity requires analytical frameworks capable of dealing with the multiple scales and dimensions of environmental problems as well as uncertainty in the evolution of social systems. Conceptual and methodological developments can now be framed using the wide socio-eco-hydrological approach. We add hierarchy theory into the mix to discuss the conceptualization of river basins as complex, holarchic social-ecological systems. We operationalize the social-ecological systems water metabolism framework in a semiarid watershed in Spain, and add the governance dimension that shapes human-environment reciprocity. To this purpose, we integrate an eco-hydrological model with the societal metabolism accounting scheme for land use, human...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Holarchy; River basin; Socio-eco-hydrology; Social-ecological systems; Water availability; Water metabolism.
Ano: 2015

The role of bridging organizations in environmental management: examining social networks in working groups
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kowalski, Adam A; Department of Geography, University of Washington; akowalsk@uw.edu; Jenkins, Lekelia D; School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington; kikij@uw.edu.
The linkage of diverse sets of actors and knowledge systems across management levels and institutional boundaries often poses one of the greatest challenges in adaptive management of natural resources. Bridging organizations can facilitate interactions among actors in management settings by lowering the transaction costs of collaboration. The Center for Ocean Solutions (COS) is an example of a bridging organization that is focused on linking actors within the ocean sciences and governance arena through the use of working groups. This research examines how network connections between group members affect working group functionality and, more specifically, whether cohesive network structures allow groups to more effectively achieve their goals and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bridging organizations; Environmental management; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2015

How Effective is the Buffer Zone? Linking Institutional Processes with Satellite Images from a Case Study in the Lore Lindu Forest Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mehring, Marion; University of Greifswald; Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE); Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); mehring@isoe.de; Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne; University of Greifswald; stollkle@uni-greifswald.de.
Biosphere reserves seek to reconcile nature conservation with local development goals, for example by delineating buffer zones of sustainable resource use around core areas with primary conservation objectives. Here we evaluate buffer zone effectiveness in reducing deforestation within the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Socio-economic and remote-sensing data were combined in an integrated approach. We applied a systematic qualitative social research design and carried out in-depth interviews with local, sub-national, and national authorities. Data collected through the interviews were used to interpret satellite images: (1) spatially, that is, forest cover change in the buffer zone versus the core area and, (2) over time, that is,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserve; Buffer zone; Indonesia; Management effectiveness; Protected area; Remote sensing.
Ano: 2011

Observing the observers: uncovering the role of values in research assessments of organic food systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noe, Egon; Aarhus University; Egon.Noe@agrsci.dk.
Assessing the overall effects of organic food systems is important, but also a challenge because organic food systems cannot be fully assessed from one single research perspective. The aim of our research was to determine the role of values in assessments of organic food systems as a basis for discussing the implications of combining multiple perspectives in overall sustainability assessments of the food system. We explored how values were embedded in five research perspectives: (1) food science, (2) discourse analysis, (3) phenomenology, (4) neoclassical welfare economics, and (5) actor-network theory. Value has various meanings according to different scientific perspectives. A strategy for including and balancing different forms of knowledge in overall...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Food networks; Multicriteria assessment; Organic farming; Values.
Ano: 2014

Grizzly bear monitoring by the Heiltsuk people as a crucible for First Nation conservation practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Housty, William G.; Coastwatch Director, QQS Projects Society; william.housty@gmail.com; Noson, Anna; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana;; Scoville, Gerald W.; Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University;; Boulanger, John; Integrated Ecological Research;; Jeo, Richard M.; The Nature Conservancy; rjeo@tnc.org; Darimont, Chris T.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation;; Filardi, Christopher E.; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History ; filardi@amnh.org.
Guided by deeply held cultural values, First Nations in Canada are rapidly regaining legal authority to manage natural resources. We present a research collaboration among academics, tribal government, provincial and federal government, resource managers, conservation practitioners, and community leaders supporting First Nation resource authority and stewardship. First, we present results from a molecular genetics study of grizzly bears inhabiting an important conservation area within the territory of the Heiltsuk First Nation in coastal British Columbia. Noninvasive hair sampling occurred between 2006 and 2009 in the Koeye watershed, a stronghold for grizzly bears, salmon, and Heiltsuk people. Molecular demographic analyses revealed a regionally...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bear population monitoring; British Columbia; Conservation; First Nations science; Grizzly bear; Noninvasive mark-recapture; Salmon; Social and ecological resilience; Traditional stewardship; Values.
Ano: 2014

Predator-Resembling Aversive Conditioning for Managing Habituated Wildlife
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca; Hurd, Thomas Eric; Banff National Park; tom.hurd@pc.gc.ca.
Wildlife habituation near urban centers can disrupt natural ecological processes, destroy habitat, and threaten public safety. Consequently, management of habituated animals is typically invasive and often includes translocation of these animals to remote areas and sometimes even their destruction. Techniques to prevent or reverse habituation and other forms of in situ management are necessary to balance ecological and social requirements, but they have received very little experimental attention to date. This study compared the efficacy of two aversive conditioning treatments that used either humans or dogs to create sequences resembling chases by predators, which, along with a control category, were repeatedly and individually applied to 24 moderately...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Canada; Cervus elaphus; Behavior; Aversive conditioning; Dogs; Predation; Chase sequence; Habituation; Urban wildlife.
Ano: 2005

Institutions for Managing Resilient Salmon (Oncorhynchus Spp.) Ecosystems: the Role of Incentives and Transaction Costs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hanna, Susan S; Oregon State University; susan.hanna@oregonstate.edu.
Institutions are the mechanisms that integrate the human and ecological spheres. This paper discusses the institutional challenge of integrating salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) ecosystems and human systems in ways that effectively promote resilience. Salmon recovery in the Columbia River Basin demonstrates the challenge. Despite the comprehensive scope of Basin salmon management, it has a number of problems that illustrate the difficulties of designing institutions for ecosystem and human system resilience. The critical elements of salmon ecosystem management are incentives and transaction costs, and these comprise a large piece of missing institutional infrastructure. Once the focus is placed on incentives and costs, a number of different management strategies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Columbia River Basin; Ecosystems; Human systems; Incentives; Institutions; Resilience; Salmon; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2008

Comparing Expert-Based Science With Local Ecological Knowledge: What Are We Afraid Of?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilchrist, Grant; Canadian Wildlife Service National Wildlife Research Centre.  1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Carleton University.  Ottawa, Canada. K1A 0H3; grant.gilchrist@ec.gc.ca; Mallory, Mark L; Canadian Wildlife Service; mark.mallory@ec.gc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Ecological science; LEK; Local ecological knowledge; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2007

The Role of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Managing Rangelands Sustainably in Northern Iran
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ghorbani, Mehdi; Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; mehghorbani@ut.ac.ir; Azarnivand, Hossein; Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; hazar@ut.ac.ir; Mehrabi, Ali Akbar; Department of Watershed Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; amehrabi@ut.ac.ir; Jafari, Mohammad; Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; mjafary@ut.ac.ir; Nayebi, Hooshang; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran; hnayebi@ut.ac.ir.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecological memory; Grazing management; Indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK); Pastoralists; Rangeland management; Rangeland utilization; Taleghan region  Iran.
Ano: 2013

Policy Dialogue: Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Justice in Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Criteria and Application to Delhi
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hughes, Sara; National Center for Atmospheric Research; shughes@ucar.edu.
Cities around the world are increasingly developing plans to adapt to the consequences of climate change. These plans will have important consequences for urban populations because they are likely to reshape and reconfigure urban infrastructures, services, and decision making processes. It is critical that these adaptation plans are developed in a way that is just. Criteria  was developed that can be used to assess justice in adaptation so that the processes, priorities, and impacts address the needs of the most vulnerable urban populations. Further, mechanisms are outlined that have been proposed as responsible for producing urban injustice. The justice criteria are applied to the case of adaptation planning in Delhi and the extent to which poor and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cities and climate change; Equity; Justice; Planning.
Ano: 2013

Characterizing Species at Risk I:  Modeling Rare Species Under the Northwest Forest Plan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marcot, Bruce G; USDA Forest Service; bmarcot@fs.fed.us.
The Northwest Forest Plan in the Pacific Northwest, United States includes directives for survey and site protection of hundreds of rare species across many taxonomic classes. To help direct survey activities, prioritize sites, and stand conditions for conservation of these species, I developed Bayesian belief network (BBN) models of habitat relationships and multiple stressors predicting presence of 12 rare species, and I present an example of predicting presence and absence of a rare fungus. The BBN models are developed along a rigorous process of expert judgment, peer review, reconciliation, accuracy testing, and incremental updating with known site data and validation data. Management implications of prediction errors are discussed.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Bridgeoporus nobilissimus; Model validation; Northwest Forest Plan; Rare species models; Pacific Northwest.
Ano: 2006

Tweak, Adapt, or Transform: Policy Scenarios in Response to Emerging Bioenergy Markets in the U.S. Corn Belt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Atwell, Ryan C; Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; ryancardiffatwell@gmail.com; Schulte, Lisa A; Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; lschulte@iastate.edu; Westphal, Lynne M; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; lwestphal@fs.fed.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Complexity; Ecosystem services; Iowa; Participatory; Perennials; Resilience; Scale; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Brookfield, H. 2001. Exploring Agrodiversity. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Coomes, Oliver T; McGill University; coomes@geog.mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Landscape Influences on Fisher Success: Adaptation Strategies in Closed and Open Access Fisheries in Southern Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Van Holt, Tracy; Department of Geography, East Carolina University; Institute of Coastal Science and Policy, East Carolina University; vanholtt@ecu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation strategies; Chile; Closed-access; Concholepas concholepas; Endobionts; Experience; Fisheries; Fisher success; Genypterus chilensis; Human environment; Landscape change; Land-sea interface; Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK); Tree plantations.
Ano: 2012

Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to Study Urban Quality of Life and Urban Forest Amenities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jensen, Ryan; Indiana State University; r-jensen@indstate.edu; Gatrell, Jay; ;; Boulton, Jim; ;; Harper, Bruce; ;.
This study examines urban quality of life by assessing the relationship between observed socioeconomic conditions and urban forest amenities in Terre Haute, Indiana, USA. Using remote-sensing methods and techniques, and ordinary least squares regression, the paper determines the relationship between urban leaf area and a population density parameter with median income and median housing value. Results demonstrate positive correlations between urban leaf area, population density, and their interaction with median income and median housing value. Furthermore, leaf area, density, and their interaction statistically account for observed variance in median income and median housing value, indicating that these variables may be used to study observed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Leaf area index; Remote sensing; Urban forestry; Urban quality of life.
Ano: 2005

Spatial Fit, from Panacea to Practice: Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moss, Timothy; Leibniz Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning (IRS); MossT@irs-net.de.
Within the broad discourse on the concept of fit and its relevance for the governance of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, problems of spatial fit have attracted particular attention. Mismatches abound between the geographical extent of an environmental resource and the territorial scope of the institutions affecting its use. Managing water resources around river basins is, perhaps, the most prominent illustration of attempts to reconcile the boundaries of an environmental resource with those of its respective institutions. Achieving perfect spatial fit has, however, proved an elusive task in practice. Beyond the difficulties of defining the physical boundaries of water and reordering institutional arrangements to reflect these, improving spatial fit...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: River basin management; Spatial fit; Water Framework Directive; Wupper.
Ano: 2012

Spatial Trade-Offs between Wind Power Production and Bird Collision Avoidance in Agricultural Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eichhorn, Marcus; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; marcus.eichhorn@ufz.de; Drechsler, Martin; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; martin.drechsler@ufz.de.
The expansion of renewable energy production is seen as an appropriate way to mitigate climate change. Renewable energies are not free of negative external effects on humans and the natural environment. We analyzed the conflict between wind power production and bird protection through the example of one of the most sensitive species, the red kite (Milvus milvus) in West Saxony, Germany. We investigated a large number of potential land use scenarios, defined by whether or not each potential site contained a wind turbine (WT). Based on meteorological and ornithological data, we evaluated the land use scenarios for their annual energy supply and impact on the red kite. We identified the efficient land use scenarios that maximized energy supply for a given...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bird protection; Efficiency frontier; Land use optimization; Spatial allocation; Trade-off; Wind power.
Ano: 2010

Cumulative Effects of Barriers on the Movements of Forest Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca.
Although there is a consensus of opinion that habitat fragmentation has deleterious effects on animal populations, primarily by inhibiting dispersal among remaining patches, there have been few explicit demonstrations of the ways by which degraded habitats actually constrain individual movement. Two impediments are primarily responsible for this paucity: it is difficult to separate the effects of habitat fragmentation (configuration) from habitat loss (composition), and conventional measures of fragmented habitats are assumed to be, but probably are not, isotropic. We addressed these limitations by standardizing differences in forest cover in a clearly anisotropic configuration of habitat fragmentation by conducting a homing experiment with three species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Golden-crowned Kinglet; Red-breasted Nuthatch; Yellow-rumped Warbler; Barriers; Connectivity; Corridor; Forest cover; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Movement of forest birds; Roads.
Ano: 2001

Principles of epistemological accountability with methodological implications  for measuring, assessing, and profiling human resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Almedom, Astier M; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; Lund University Division of Social Medicine and Global Health; Centre for Societal Resilience, Lund University.; astier.almedom@lucsus.lu.se; O'Byrne, David; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; David.O_Byrne@lucsus.lu.se; Jerneck, Anne; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; anne.jerneck@lucsus.lu.se.
We propose two fundamental principles of epistemological accountability with critical methodological implications for studies designed to measure, assess, and/or profile human psychosocial resilience. Firstly, researchers involved in human psychosocial resilience studies owe it to the individuals and communities that they engage to disclose their motives and possible misreadings of the situations they enter, albeit with good intentions. Secondly, researchers and those individuals researched need to share a language of colearning and coproduction, and utilization of knowledge that is mutually intelligible. Again, the onus is on researchers and their funders to respect the researched and their particular epistemological sovereignties. As the number of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Community resilience; Epistemological accountability; Human resilience; Psychosocial well-being  sustainability studies.
Ano: 2015

Accommodating the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation and Governance in Conventional Risk Management: Adaptive Collaborative Risk Management (ACRM)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: May, Bradley; Adaptation and Impacts Research Section, Environment Canada; Bradley.May@ec.gc.ca; Plummer, Ryan; Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca.
Risk management is a well established tool for climate change adaptation. It is facing new challenges with the end of climate stationarity and the need to meaningfully engage people in governance issues. The ways in which conventional approaches to risk management can respond to these challenges are explored. Conventional approaches to risk management are summarized, the manner in which they are being advanced as a tool for climate change adaptation is described, and emerging themes in risk management and climate change adaption are documented. It is argued that conventional risk management for climate change adaptation can benefit from the insights and experiences of adaptive co-management. A hybrid approach termed adaptive collaborative risk management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive collaborative risk management; Adaptive co-management; Climate change adaptation; Climate change governance; Risk management.
Ano: 2011

Accounting for the Ecological Dimension in Participatory Research and Development: Lessons Learned from Indonesia and Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pfund, Jean-Laurent; International Center for Forestry Research (CIFOR); j.pfund@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological dimension; Indonesia; Madagascar; Management of natural resources; Multiple stakeholders; Participatory research and development; Tropical forest landscapes.
Ano: 2008

The Trade-off Between Housing Density and Sprawl Area: Minimizing Impacts to Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fahrig, Lenore; ; lenore_fahrig@carleton.ca.
Increasing housing density has negative effects on native biodiversity. This implies that we should build at low density to conserve native species. However, for a given human population, low-density development must cover a large area, resulting in sprawl. A pertinent question is then, at what housing density are the impacts of a given human population on native biodiversity minimized? We addressed this question with carabid beetles in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada. First, we collected beetles at 22 sites representing a range of housing densities. We then used these data to estimate beetle abundance and species richness in hypothetical development scenarios representing the housing density/sprawl area trade-off. Our results suggest that clustering...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Development scenario; Forest fragmentation; Forest taxa; Ground beetle; Housing density; Residential development; Urban sprawl.
Ano: 2010

Valuing the Provisioning Services of Wetlands: Contrasting a Rural Wetland in Lesotho with a Peri-Urban Wetland in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lannas, Kathryn S. M.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town; ktlannas@gmail.com; Turpie, Jane K; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town; jane.turpie@uct.ac.za.
Given that few studies have valued the provisioning services of temperate southern African wetlands, research on this topic was undertaken in a remote rural wetland, Letseng-la-Letsie, in Lesotho and a peri-urban wetland in Mfuleni, Cape Town. The objectives were to quantify incomes from wetland resources, assess the relative dependency of communities on wetland provisioning services, and estimate the total provisioning value of the wetlands. Data were collected from informal interviews and structured household surveys. Despite the different settings, both wetlands were used mainly for grazing livestock. The estimated total value added during 2007 from grazing was U.S. $180,078 for Letseng-la-Letsie and U.S. $540,286 for Mfuleni. Letseng-la-Letsie and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Provisioning services; Dependency; Livelihoods; Grazing; Lesotho; South Africa; Peri-urban areas.
Ano: 2009

Nurturing Diversified Farming Systems in Industrialized Countries: How Public Policy Can Contribute
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Iles, Alastair ; ESPM, University of California, Berkeley; iles@berkeley.edu; Marsh, Robin; College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley; robinmarsh@berkeley.edu.
If diversified farming systems (DFS) are to thrive again in the United States, policies and preferences must evolve to reward the environmental and social benefits of sustainable farming and landscape management. Compared with conventional agricultural policies, policies aiding ecological diversification are underdeveloped and fragmented. We consider several examples of obstacles to the adoption and spread of diversified farming practices in the U.S. industrialized agricultural system. These include the broader political economic context of industrialized agriculture, the erosion of farmer knowledge and capacity, and supply chain and marketing conditions that limit the ability of farmers to adopt sustainable practices. To overcome these obstacles and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Direct marketing; Diversified farming; Farmer knowledge; Obstacles; Public policy.
Ano: 2012

Conceptualizing, Observing, and Influencing Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fischer-Kowalski, Marina; Institute of Social Ecology,  Alpen Adria University; marina.fischer-kowalski@uni-klu.ac.at; Rotmans, Jan; DRIFT (Drift Research Institute for Transitions) Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; rotmans@fsw.eur.nl.
This article creates a meeting ground between two distinct and fairly elaborate research traditions dealing with social &amp;#8220;transitions&amp;#8221;: the Dutch societal transitions management approach, and the Viennese sociometabolic transitions approach. Sharing a similar understanding of sustainability transitions&amp;#8212;namely as major transformational changes of system characteristics&amp;#8212;and a background epistemology of complex systems, autopoeisis, and evolutionary mechanisms, they address the subject from different angles: one approach asks how transformative changes happen and what they look like, and the other approach tries answer the question of how to bring them about. The Viennese approach is almost exclusively analytical and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Social metabolism; Sociometabolic regimes; Transition management.
Ano: 2009

Science for the Poor: How One Woman Challenged Researchers, Ranchers, and Loggers in Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shanley, Patricia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.shanley@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Communication; Forestry; Impact; Nontimber forest products (NTFPs); Poverty; Social change; Women.
Ano: 2006

&amp;#8220;A shepherd has to invent&amp;#8221;:  Poetic analysis of social-ecological change in the cultural landscape of the central Spanish Pyrenees
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fern&amp;#225;ndez-Gim&amp;#233;nez, Maria E.; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; maria.fernandez-gimenez@colostate.edu.
Since the mid-20th century, the Pyrenean pastoral social-ecological system (SES) has undergone socioeconomic and demographic transformations leading to changes in grazing practices and a decline in the livestock industry. Land abandonment has contributed to an ecological transition from herbaceous vegetation cover to shrublands and forests, leading to a loss of ecosystem services, including biodiversity and forage. I interviewed 27 stockmen (ganaderos) in two valleys of the central Pyrenees to document their traditional ecological knowledge and observations of environmental, social, economic, and cultural changes in the valleys. I used poetic analysis, a qualitative data analysis approach, to illustrate and analyze one ganadero&amp;#8217;s experience of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arts-based analysis; Cultural ecosystem services; Pastoralism; Place attachment; Place identity; Rangelands; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

Keystone Species: What Are We Talking About?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Piraino, Stefano; Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico C.N.R.; piraino@istta.le.cnr.it; Fanelli, Giovanni; Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico C.N.R.; fanelli@istta.le.cnr.it.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Scale Mismatches in Social-Ecological Systems: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S; University of Florida; graeme@botzoo.uct.ac.za; Cumming, David H. M.; University of Zimbabwe; cumming@icon.co.zw; Redman, Charles L; Arizona State University; charles.redman@asu.edu.
Scale is a concept that transcends disciplinary boundaries. In ecology and geography, scale is usually defined in terms of spatial and temporal dimensions. Sociological scale also incorporates space and time, but adds ideas about representation and organization. Although spatial and temporal location determine the context for social and ecological dynamics, social-ecological interactions can create dynamic feedback loops in which humans both influence and are influenced by ecosystem processes. We hypothesize that many of the problems encountered by societies in managing natural resources arise because of a mismatch between the scale of management and the scale(s) of the ecological  processes being managed. We use examples from southern Africa and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Scale; Scale mismatch; Conservation; Management; Ecosystem function; Sociological scale; Southern Africa.
Ano: 2006

Power Asymmetries in Small-Scale Fisheries: a Barrier to Governance Transformability?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Both global and local environmental problems call for the transformation of many contemporary and unsustainable governance approaches. Therefore, recent interest has sprung up around factors that facilitate and hinder societies from transforming governance of natural resources. Using a social-network approach, we study links between informal power structures and knowledge sharing and consensus building. We examine how this interaction may have affected the (in)ability of a community to move from open-access to some form of collective action for resource management. Individuals occupying central positions in a knowledge network can be instrumental in determining which knowledge and interpretation of ecological signals is most dominant. If the same...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Governance; Local ecological knowledge; Natural resources; Power; Social networks; Transformation.
Ano: 2010

Institutional entrepreneurship and techniques of inclusiveness in the creation of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
This article contributes to understanding the conditions of social-ecological change by focusing on the agency of individuals in the pathways to institutionalization. Drawing on the case of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), it addresses institutional entrepreneurship in an emerging environmental science-policy institution (ESPI) at a global scale.   Drawing on ethnographic observations, semistructured interviews, and document analysis, we propose a detailed chronology of the genesis of the IPBES before focusing on the final phase of the negotiations toward the creation of the institution. We analyze the techniques and skills deployed by the chairman during the conference to handle the tensions at play both to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chair person; Environmental science-policy institutions; Institutional entrepeneurship; IPBES (Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services); Sociological investigation; Techniques of inclusiveness.
Ano: 2016

Experimental platforms for behavioral experiments on social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A.; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Lee, Allen; Arizona State University; allen.lee@asu.edu; Waring, Timothy M.; University of Maine; timothy.waring@maine.edu.
Recently, there has been an increased interest in using behavioral experiments to study hypotheses on the governance of social-ecological systems. A diversity of software tools are used to implement such experiments. We evaluated various publicly available platforms that could be used in research and education on the governance of social-ecological systems. The aims of the various platforms are distinct, and this is noticeable in the differences in their user-friendliness and their adaptability to novel research questions. The more easily accessible platforms are useful for prototyping experiments and for educational purposes to illustrate theoretical concepts. To advance novel research aims, more elaborate programming experience is required to either...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Education; Lab experiments; Research; Software.
Ano: 2014

Sustaining Europe&amp;#8217;s seas as coupled social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mee, Laurence; ;; Cooper, Philip; University of Bath; p.cooper@bath.ac.uk; Kannen, Andreas; Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Department Human Dimensions in Coastal Areas; Andreas.Kannen@hzg.de; Gilbert, Alison J; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; alison.gilbert@vu.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem approach; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Regional seas; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Indigenous Past Climate Knowledge as Cultural Built-in Object and Its Accuracy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leclerc, Christian; CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France; christian.leclerc@cirad.fr; Mwongera, Caroline ; Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France; carolmwongera@yahoo.com.
In studying indigenous climate knowledge, two approaches can be envisioned. In the first, traditional knowledge is a cultural built-in object; conceived as a whole, its relevance can be assessed by referring to other cultural, economic, or technical components at work within an indigenous society. In the second, the accuracy of indigenous climate knowledge is assessed with western science knowledge used as an external reference. However, assessing the accuracy of indigenous climate knowledge remains a largely untapped area. We aim to show how accurate the culturally built indigenous climate knowledge of extreme climatic events is, and how amenable it is to fuzzy logic. A retrospective survey was carried out individually and randomly among 195 Eastern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drought; Ecological anthropology; Fuzzy logic; Kenya; Meru; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2013

Adaptations of a Yucatec Maya Multiple-Use Ecological Management Strategy to Ecotourism
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martinez-Alier, Joan; Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; joan.martinez.alier@uab.es.
Over the last 40 years, the Yucatan Peninsula has experienced the implementation and promotion of development programs that have economically and ecologically shaped this region of Mexico. Nowadays, tourist development has become the principal catalyst of social, economic, and ecological changes in the region. All these programs, which are based on a specialization rationale, have historically clashed with traditional Yucatec Maya management of natural resources. Using participant observation, informal and semi-structured interviews, and life-history interviews, we carried out an assessment of a Yucatec Maya natural resources management system implemented by three indigenous communities located within a natural protected area. The assessment, intended as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Human appropriation; M&amp;#233; Xico; Multiple use; Rural metabolism; Yucatec Maya.
Ano: 2008

Building skills for sustainability:  a role for regional research networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mukhopadhyay, Pranab; Goa University; South Asian Network for  Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE); pm@unigoa.ac.in; Nepal, Mani; South Asian Network for  Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE);  Tribhuvan University; manin@sandeeonline.org; Shyamsundar, Priya; South Asian Network for  Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE); priyas@sandeeonline.org.
In South Asia, as local and regional environment problems grow, societal demand for new sustainability knowledge has outpaced its supply by traditional institutions and created a niche for research networks and think tanks. We discuss the role of networks in producing knowledge by using the South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE) as a case study. We argue that geographic research networks can contribute to the growth of sustainability knowledge through (1) knowledge transfer, (2) knowledge sharing, and (3) knowledge deepening. By analyzing qualitative and quantitative information, we showed that although SANDEE participants gained significant intangible advantages from the network, there was also a noted tangible gain is in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Environment and economics; Research networks; South Asia; Sustainability knowledge.
Ano: 2014

How to build science-action partnerships for local land-use planning and management: lessons from Durban, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cockburn, Jessica; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University; jessicacockburn@gmail.com; Rouget, Mathieu; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Rouget@ukzn.ac.za; Slotow, Rob; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College, London; slotow@ukzn.ac.za; Roberts, Debra; Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, eThekwini Municipality; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; debra.roberts@durban.gov.za; Boon, Richard; Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, eThekwini Municipality; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; kzntrees@gmail.com; Douwes, Errol; Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, eThekwini Municipality; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Errol.Douwes@durban.gov.za; O'Donoghue, Sean; Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, eThekwini Municipality; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Odunoghue@ukzn.ac.za; Downs, Colleen T.; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; downs@ukzn.ac.za; Mukherjee, Shomen; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal;  School of Liberal Studies, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India; shomenm@gmail.com; Musakwa, Walter; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Department of Town and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg; musakwarup@gmail.com; Mutanga, Onisimo; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; MutangaO@ukzn.ac.za; Mwabvu, Tarombera; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Mwabvut@ukzn.ac.za; Odindi, John; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Odindi@ukzn.ac.za; Odindo, Alfred; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Odindoa@ukzn.ac.za; Proche&amp;#351;, &amp;#350;erban; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Prochess@ukzn.ac.za; Ramdhani, Syd; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ramdhani@ukzn.ac.za; Ray-Mukherjee, Jayanti; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; School of Liberal Studies, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India; jayanti.rm@gmail.com; Sershen,  ; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Naidoose@ukzn.ac.za; Schoeman, M. Corrie; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; schoemanc@ukzn.ac.za; Smit, Albertus J; Environmental Planning and Climate Protection Department, eThekwini Municipality; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape; albertus.smit@gmail.com; Wale, Edilegnaw; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; walee@ukzn.ac.za; Willows-Munro, Sandi; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Willows-munro@ukzn.ac.za.
The gap between scientific knowledge and implementation in the fields of biodiversity conservation, environmental management, and climate change adaptation has resulted in many calls from practitioners and academics to provide practical solutions responding effectively to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change, e.g., Future Earth. We present a framework to guide the implementation of science-action partnerships based on a real-world case study of a partnership between a local municipality and an academic institution to bridge the science-action gap in the eThekwini Municipal Area, South Africa. This partnership aims to inform the implementation of sustainable land-use planning, biodiversity conservation, environmental management, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Boundary organization; Climate change adaptation; Collaboration; Environmental management; Sustainable development; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2016

Operationalizing ecosystem-based adaptation: harnessing ecosystem services to buffer communities against climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wamsler, Christine; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); Centre for Societal Resilience; christine.wamsler@lucsus.lu.se; Niven, Lisa; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); lisa.niven@gmail.com; Beery, Thomas H.; Kristianstad University; thomas.beery@hkr.se; Bramryd, Torleif; Environmental Strategy, Lund University Campus Helsingborg; torleif.bramryd@ism.lu.se; Osmani, Adelina; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); adelinaosmani@hotmail.com; Palo, Thomas; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); thomas.r.palo@slu.se.
Ecosystem-based approaches for climate change adaptation are promoted at international, national, and local levels by both scholars and practitioners. However, local planning practices that support these approaches are scattered, and measures are neither systematically implemented nor comprehensively reviewed. Against this background, this paper advances the operationalization of ecosystem-based adaptation by improving our knowledge of how ecosystem-based approaches can be considered in local planning (operational governance level). We review current research on ecosystem services in urban areas and examine four Swedish coastal municipalities to identify the key characteristics of both implemented and planned measures that support ecosystem-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services; Green infrastructure; Municipal planning; Nature-based solutions; Renaturing cities; Risk reduction; Spatial planning; Sustainability transitions; Urban planning; Urban resilience; Urban transformation.
Ano: 2016

What does stakeholder involvement mean for fisheries management?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bloomfield, Helen J.; University of Liverpool; H.J.Bloomfield@liverpool.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Stakeholder involvement; Stakeholder preferences.
Ano: 2014

Baltic Herring Fisheries Management: Stakeholder Views to Frame the Problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kuikka, Sakari; University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fisheries and Environmental Management Group (FEM); sakari.kuikka@helsinki.fi.
Comprehensive problem framing that includes different perspectives is essential for holistic understanding of complex problems and as the first step in building models. We involved five stakeholders to frame the management problem of the Central Baltic herring fishery. By using the Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) approach, the views of the stakeholders were built into graphical influence diagrams representing variables and their dependencies. The views of the scientists involved concentrated on biological concerns, whereas the fisher, the manager, and the representative of an environmental nongovernmental organization included markets and fishing industry influences. Management measures were considered to have a relatively small impact on the development...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Influence diagrams; Objectives; Participatory modeling; Problem framing; Stakeholders; Structural uncertainty.
Ano: 2012

Hydropower vs. fisheries conservation: a test of institutional design principles for common-pool resource management in the lower Mekong basin social-ecological system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Villamayor-Tomas, Sergio; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; villamayortomas@gmail.com; Avagyan, Mikayel; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; avagyanm@student.hu-berlin.de; Firlus, Marit; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; marit.firlus@posteo.de; Helbing, Georg; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; georg.helbing@gmx.de; Kabakova, Margarita; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; margarita.cabakova@gmail.com.
New methods have emerged for testing common-pool resource theory in large-scale environmental governance contexts. We aim to contribute to that scholarship by assessing the relevance of Elinor Ostrom&amp;#8217;s design principles in the lower Mekong basin (LMB). The recent dam-building trend in the LMB has revealed a trade-off between hydropower development and the conservation of migratory fish species. The need to internalize or avoid the negative externalities of hydropower dam construction poses a new challenge to the LMB governance system and its main management body, the Mekong River Commission. Our objective was to explain the emergence of the trade-off and the capacity of the governance system to address it. Elinor Ostrom&amp;#8217;s design...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource theory; Fisheries; Hydropower; Institutional design principles; Lower Mekong basin; SESMAD; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016

Comanagement of clams in Brazil: a framework to advance comparison
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rocha, Ligia M.; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Graduate Program in Ecology; ligiarocha1@gmail.com; Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental Management; epinkert@sfu.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Clams; Comanagement; Fisherwomen; Marine protected areas; Shell fisheries.
Ano: 2015

Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as source of micronutrients in the Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Schor, Tatiana; Geography Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas; tschor@ufam.edu.br; Tellez, Leady; Independent consultant; leadyjot@hotmail.com.
Wild meat is critical for the food security and income of millions of people, especially for poor rural households. Its role as a primary source of macronutrients worldwide has been recognized, but there have been few attempts to evaluate the contribution of bushmeat consumption to micronutrient intake. This is so particularly in the context of nutritional transitions induced by modernization and globalization. Here, we calculated the role of bushmeat as a source of micronutrients in the diets of urban and peri-urban inhabitants within the Tres Fronteras (Peru, Brazil, Colombia) region in the Amazon. We gathered food intake data from 35 households using 3-day 24-h food recalls combined with food weighing. Additionally, we interviewed 105 households on food...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bushmeat; Conservation; Food intake; Micronutrients; Nutrition.
Ano: 2015

The Rauischholzhausen Agenda for Road Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roedenbeck, Inga A.; University of Giessen; inga.roedenbeck@agrar.uni-giessen.de; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lenore_fahrig@carleton.ca; Findlay, C. Scott; University of Ottawa; sfindlay@science.uottawa.ca; Houlahan, Jeff E; University of New Brunswick at Saint John; jeffhoul@unbsj.ca; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Concordia University; jochen.jaeger@env.ethz.ch; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle; stephanie.kramer@ufz.de; van der Grift, Edgar A; ALTERRA Wageningen; edgar.vandergrift@wur.nl.
Despite the documented negative effects of roads on wildlife, ecological research on road effects has had comparatively little influence on road planning decisions. We argue that road research would have a larger impact if researchers carefully considered the relevance of the research questions addressed and the inferential strength of the studies undertaken. At a workshop at the German castle of Rauischholzhausen we identified five particularly relevant questions, which we suggest provide the framework for a research agenda for road ecology: (1) Under what circumstances do roads affect population persistence? (2) What is the relative importance of road effects vs. other effects on population persistence? (3) Under what circumstances can road effects be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Road ecology; Research agenda; Experimental design; Hierarchy of study designs; Methodological standard; Before-after-control-impact design; Before-after design; Control-impact design; Inferential strength; Weight of evidence; Uncertainty; Landscape scale; Extrapolation; Population persistence; Road networks; Road effects; Mitigation; Decision making.
Ano: 2007

Developing Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluating Joint Management Effectiveness in Protected Areas in the Northern Territory, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Izurieta, Arturo; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; arturo_izurieta@hotmail.com; Sithole, Bevlyne; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;; Stacey, Natasha; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; natasha.stacey@cdu.edu.au; Hunter-Xenie, Hmalan; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;; Campbell, Bruce; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;; Donohoe, Paul; Northern Land Council;; Brown, Jessie; Wardaman Traditional Owner;; Wilson, Lincoln; Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport/NT Parks and Wildlife Service;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Evaluation; Indigenous people; Joint management; Management effectiveness; Monitoring; Participation; Partnership; Protected areas.
Ano: 2011

Implementing Participatory Water Management: Recent Advances in Theory, Practice, and Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; Cemagref / Irstea UMR G-EAU; yorck.von-korff@lisode.com; Daniell, Katherine A; The Australian National University; Cemagref / Irstea UMR G-EAU; k.a.daniell@gmail.com; Moellenkamp, Sabine; University of Osnabrueck; sabine.moellenkamp@gmx.de; Bots, Pieter; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Bijlsma, Rianne M; University of Twente; Deltares; r.m.bredenhoff@gmail.com.
Many current water planning and management problems are riddled with high levels of complexity, uncertainty, and conflict, so-called &amp;#8220;messes&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;wicked problems.&amp;#8221; The realization that there is a need to consider a wide variety of values, knowledge, and perspectives in a collaborative decision making process has led to a multitude of new methods and processes being proposed to aid water planning and management, which include participatory forms of modeling, planning, and decision aiding processes. However, despite extensive scientific discussions, scholars have largely been unable to provide satisfactory responses to two pivotal questions: (1) What are the benefits of using participatory approaches?; (2) How exactly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative decision making; Evaluation; Interactive planning; Participatory modeling; Participatory research; Process design; Public participation; Social learning; Stakeholder participation; Water resources management.
Ano: 2012

Modeling the Geography of Migratory Pathways and Stopover Habitats for Neotropical Migratory Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tankersley, Jr., Roger; Tennessee Valley Authority; rdtankersley@tva.gov; Orvis, Kenneth; ; orvis@utk.edu.
Intact migratory routes are critical for the stability of forest-dwelling, neotropical, migratory bird populations, and mortality along migratory pathways may be significant. Yet we know almost nothing about the geography of available stopovers or the possible migratory pathways that connect optimal stopovers. We undertake a spatial analysis of stopover habitat availability and then model potential migratory pathways between optimal stopovers in the eastern United States. Using models of fixed orientation and fixed nightly flight distance between stopovers during spring migration, we explore whether a simple endogenous migratory program is sufficient to ensure successful migration across the modern landscape.  Our model runs suggest that the modern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Forest fragmentation; Habitat; Migration; Modeling; Neotropical migratory birds; Stopover ecology.
Ano: 2003

The role of Amazonian anthropogenic soils in shifting cultivation: learning from farmers&amp;#8217; rationales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Almekinders, Conny J. M.; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University; conny.almekinders@wur.nl; Stomph, Tjeerd-Jan; Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University; tjeerdjan.stomph@wur.nl; Struik, Paul C.; Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University; paul.struik@wur.nl.
We evaluated farmers&amp;#8217; rationales to understand their decision making in relation to the use of fertile anthropogenic soils, i.e., Amazonian dark earths (ADE), and for dealing with changes in shifting cultivation in Central Amazonia. We analyzed qualitative information from 196 interviews with farmers in 21 riverine villages along the Madeira River. In order to decide about crop management options to attain their livelihood objectives, farmers rely on an integrated and dynamic understanding of their biophysical and social environment. Farmers associate fallow development with higher crop yields and lower weed pressure, but ADE is always associated with high yields and high weeding requirements. Amazonian dark earths are also seen as an opportunity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Amazonian dark earths; Decision making; Intensification; Slash and burn; Swidden cultivation; Terra preta.
Ano: 2016

Past and future landscape dynamics in pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Silvopastoral systems are traditional components of the landscape in the Swiss Jura Mountains, and are promising approaches for the sustainable management of mountain areas worldwide. Due to complex vegetation dynamics, pasture-woodlands are very vulnerable to the currently occurring land use and climate changes. Therefore, management requires integrative long-term predictions of successional trends. We present a refined version of the spatially explicit, dynamic simulation model WoodPaM with improved climate sensitivity of simulated vegetation. We investigate pasture-woodland dynamics by applying an innovative combination of retrospective simulations starting in the Middle Ages with prospective simulations following two climate change scenarios. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate warming; Landscape structure; Management; Pasture-woodland; Silvopastoral system; Species shift; Retrospective simulation; Vegetation dynamics.
Ano: 2013

Zebra Mussel Farming in the Szczecin (Oder) Lagoon: Water-Quality Objectives and Cost-Effectiveness
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schernewski, Gerald; Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; schernewski@eucc-d.de; Stybel, Nardine; EUCC - The Coastal Union Germany; stybel@eucc-d.de; Neumann, Thomas; Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; thomas.neumann@io-warnemuende.de.
The Oder (Szczecin) Lagoon in the southern Baltic Sea is a heavily eutrophicated and degraded coastal ecosystem. We applied a systems approach framework to critically evaluate whether existing water-management measures achieve water-quality objectives for the river and lagoon systems. Our simulations reveal that the existing water-quality objectives for the river and the coastal waters are not sufficiently complementary. We suggest new water-quality threshold concentrations, which are in agreement with the European Water Framework Directive, and we calculate acceptable maximum nutrient loads for the Oder River. These calculations suggest that external nutrient-load reductions in the river basin alone seem insufficient to achieve good water quality in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baltic Sea Action Plan; Coastal ecosystem; Cost-benefit analysis; ERGOM; Eutrophication; Marginal costs; Mussel farming; Nitrogen; Oder Lagoon; Oder River; Phosphorus; Szczecin Lagoon; Water Framework Directive; Water management; Water quality; Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha).
Ano: 2012

The Multiple Dimensions of Rural Forests: Lessons from a Comparative Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nasi, Robert; CIFOR, Indonesia; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Local practices and knowledge; Multiple uses; Multivariate analyses; State and customary rules; Rural forests.
Ano: 2013

Measuring the vulnerability of marine social-ecological systems: a prerequisite for the identification of climate change adaptations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Metcalf, Sarah J.; School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University; sjeyres8@gmail.com; van Putten, Elizabeth I.; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere,Hobart, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; Ingrid.vanputten@csiro.au; Frusher, Stewart; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; stewart.frusher@utas.edu.au; Marshall, Nadine A.; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; nadine.marshall@csiro.au; Tull, Malcolm; School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University; M.Tull@Murdoch.edu.au; Caputi, Nick; Department of Fisheries, Western Australia; Nick.Caputi@fish.wa.gov.au; Haward, Marcus; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; Marcus.Haward@utas.edu.au; Hobday, Alistair J.; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; alistair.hobday@csiro.au; Holbrook, Neil J.; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; Neil.Holbrook@utas.edu.au; Jennings, Sarah M.; Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; sarah.jennings@utas.edu.au; Pecl, Gretta T.; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; gretta.pecl@utas.edu.au; Shaw, Jenny; Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute; jenny.shaw@postgrad.curtin.edu.au.
Reducing the vulnerability of coastal communities to marine climate change requires that communities have some intrinsic capacity to adapt. To assist adaptation planning and the implementation of adaptation strategies, identifying barriers and enablers to adaptation is important. Adaptive capacity, resource dependence, local climate change exposure and biological sensitivity were used to assess socioeconomic vulnerability to climate change in three Australian coastal communities: St Helens, Tasmania; Bowen, Queensland; and Geraldton, Western Australia. Higher adaptive capacity was associated with larger population size (i.e., Geraldton) whereas greater resource dependence, and lower human and natural capital were associated with smaller populations (St...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Coastal communities; Fisheries; Resource dependency; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2015

Companion Modeling, Conflict Resolution, and Institution Building: Sharing Irrigation Water in the Lingmuteychu Watershed, Bhutan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gurung, Tayan Raj; RNR Research Centre, Council for RNR Research of Bhutan, Ministry of Agriculture, Bhutan; tayangurung@yahoo.com; Bousquet, Francois; CIRAD Green TA 60/15 Campus de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France; bousquet@cirad.fr.
We used multi-agent systems (MAS), following the companion modeling method, to facilitate water management negotiations in Bhutan. We show how this methodology helped resolve a conflict over the sharing of water resources by establishing a concrete agreement and creating an institution for collective watershed management. The conceptual model begins with a role-playing game (RPG). The stakeholders play the game, thus validating the proposed environment, the behavioral rules, and the emergent properties of the game. It is then relatively easy to translate the RPG into computerized MAS that allow different scenarios to be explored. After this first step in the MAS model, stakeholders then create an institution. A second model is developed to facilitate this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bhutan  companion modeling; Multi-agent system; Role-playing game; Watershed management.
Ano: 2006

A Kaleidoscope of Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Blending &amp;#147;Hard&amp;#148; and &amp;#147;Soft&amp;#148; Science: the &amp;#147;Follow-the-Technology&amp;#148; Approach to Catalyzing and Evaluating Technology Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Douthwaite, Boru; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; b.douthwaite@cgiar.org; de Haan, Nicoline C; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; n.dehaan@cgiar.org; Manyong, Victor; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; v.manyong@cgiar.org; Keatinge, Dyno; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; d.keatinge@cgiar.org.
The types of technology change catalyzed by research interventions in integrated natural resource management (INRM) are likely to require much more social negotiation and adaptation than are changes related to plant breeding, the dominant discipline within the system of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Conceptual models for developing and delivering high-yielding varieties have proven inadequate for delivering natural resource management (NRM) technologies that are adopted in farmers' fields. Successful INRM requires tools and approaches that can blend the technical with the social, so that people from different disciplines and social backgrounds can effectively work and communicate with each other. This paper develops...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor-oriented approach; Follow-the-technology approach; Integrated natural resource management; Learning selection approach; Participatory technology development; Social construction of technology.
Ano: 2001

The Value of Visions and Art of Visionaries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogers, Kevin; University of the Witwatersrand; kevinr@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za; Roux, Dirk; CSIR; droux@csir.co.za; Biggs, Harry; CSIR; biggs@parks-sa.co.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Forests as Patrimonies? From Theory to Tangible Processes at Various Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Michon, Genevieve; IRD, UMR 220 GRED; genevieve.michon@ird.fr; Romagny, Bruno; IRD; bruno.romagny@ird.fr; Auclair, Laurent; IRD; laurent.auclair@univ-provence.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: International policies; Local forest management; Patrimonial processes and approaches.
Ano: 2012

Communicating adaptation with emotions: the role of intense experiences in raising concern about extreme weather.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vasileiadou, Eleftheria; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; School for Innovation Studies, Eindhoven University of Technology; e.vasileiadou@vu.nl; Botzen, Wouter J. W.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; wouter.botzen@vu.nl.
Adaptation to extreme weather is often considered as having a low urgency and being a low priority governance option, even though the intensity of extreme weather events is expected to increase as a result of climate change. An important issue is how to raise an adequate level of concern among individuals, policy makers, and broader decision makers in companies and organizations so that adaptation to extreme events becomes mainstream practice. We conducted 40 indepth interviews with individuals from different sectors in The Netherlands to identify the different types of experiences with extreme events, as well as the relationship between such experiences and the level of concern about extreme weather. Our results indicate that individuals who have...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Availability heuristic; Extreme weather; Risk communication; Risk perception.
Ano: 2014

Comment on "Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of Ecosystem Management" by S. R. Carpenter, W. A. Brock, and P. Hanson
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Perrings, Charles; University of York; cap8@york.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Tropical Multiple Use
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, E. N.; University of California, Riverside; eugene.anderson@ucr.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Stakeholder Perceptions of an Ecosystem Services Approach to Clearing Invasive Alien Plants on Private Land
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Urgenson, Lauren S; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington ; lsu@uw.edu; Prozesky, Heidi E.; Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology,  Stellenbosch University, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; hep@sun.ac.za; Esler, Karen J; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; kje@sun.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Invasive alien plants; Landowner incentives; Private land; Stakeholder analysis; Western Cape; Working for Water; Working landscapes.
Ano: 2013

Africa&amp;#8217;s game changers and the catalysts of social and system innovation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Swilling, Mark; Stellenbosch Centre for Complex Systems in Transition; Stellenbosch University; swilling@sun.ac.za.
It is widely recognized that many African economies are being transformed by rapid economic growth driven largely by rising demand for the abundant natural resources scattered across the African continent. I critically review the mainstream game-changing dynamics driving this process, with special reference to a set of influential policy-oriented documents. This is followed by an analysis of less-recognized game-changing dynamics that have, in turn, been affected by the mainstream game-changing dynamics. These less-recognized game-changing dynamics include energy infrastructure challenges in a context of climate change, securing access to water, access to arable soils, slum urbanism, and food security responses. These mainstream and less-recognized...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: African development; Social innovation; Structural transformation; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2016

Integrating local pastoral knowledge, participatory mapping, and species distribution modeling for risk assessment of invasive rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Ethiopia&amp;#8217;s Afar region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luizza, Matthew W.; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; mwluizza@rams.colostate.edu; Wakie, Tewodros; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; tewodros.wakie@colostate.edu; Evangelista, Paul H.; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; paul.evangelista@colostate.edu; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center; jarnevichc@usgs.gov.
The threats posed by invasive plants span ecosystems and economies worldwide. Local knowledge of biological invasions has proven beneficial for invasive species research, but to date no work has integrated this knowledge with species distribution modeling for invasion risk assessments. In this study, we integrated pastoral knowledge with Maxent modeling to assess the suitable habitat and potential impacts of invasive Cryptostegia grandiflora Robx. Ex R.Br. (rubber vine) in Ethiopia&amp;#8217;s Afar region. We conducted focus groups with seven villages across the Amibara and Awash-Fentale districts. Pastoral knowledge revealed the growing threat of rubber vine, which to date has received limited attention in Ethiopia, and whose presence in Afar was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Afar region; Citizen science; Cryptostegia grandiflora; Ethiopia; Invasive species; Local ecological knowledge; Maxent; Participatory mapping; Pastoral livelihoods; Risk assessment; Rubber vine; Species distribution modeling.
Ano: 2016

Aboriginal Peoples and Forest Certification: a Review of the Canadian Situation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tikina, Anna V.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; tikina@interchange.ubc.ca; Innes, John L.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; john.innes@ubc.ca; Trosper, Ronald L.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; ronald.trosper@ubc.ca; Larson, Bruce C.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; bruce.larson@ubc.ca.
We assess how different certification standards address Aboriginal issues in Canada, augmenting current legislation related to Aboriginal issues. The benefits from forest certification and the obstacles to its adoption by the Aboriginal community are also reviewed. We conclude that it would take significant effort, time, and resources to achieve widespread Aboriginal adoption of forest certification.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: First Nations; Aboriginal forestry; Aboriginal peoples; Canada; Forest certification.
Ano: 2010

Linking Land Change with Driving Forces and Actors: Four Conceptual Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hersperger, Anna M.; Land Use Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; anna.hersperger@wsl.ch; Gennaio, Maria-Pia; Swiss Federal Research Institute Agroscope ART; maria.gennaio@art.admin.ch; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam ; peter.verburg@ivm.vu.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conceptualization; Guidelines; Land change modeling; Land cover change; Land use; Model selection; Organizational heuristic.
Ano: 2010

Cultural attitudes are stronger predictors of bushmeat consumption and preference than economic factors among urban Amazonians from Brazil and Colombia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Schor, Tatiana; Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil; tatiana.schor@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Beliefs; Bushmeat sharing; Human behavior; Hunting; Income; Legality; Social norms; Social relations; Taboos; Wealth.
Ano: 2015

The Management of Fire-Adapted Ecosystems in an Urban Setting: the Case of Table Mountain National Park, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Wilgen, Brian W; Centre for Invasion Biology; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; bvwilgen@csir.co.za; Forsyth, Greg G; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; gforsyth@csir.co.za; Prins, Philip; South African National Parks ; philip.prins@sanparks.org.
The Table Mountain National Park is a 265-km&amp;#178; conservation area embedded within a city of 3.5 million people. The highly diverse and unique vegetation of the park is both fire prone and fire adapted, and the use of fire forms an integral part of the ecological management of the park. Because fires are both necessary and dangerous, fire management is characterized by uncertainty and conflict. The response of vegetation to fire is reasonably well understood, but the use of fire for conservation purposes remains controversial because of key gaps in understanding. These gaps include whether or not the vegetation is resilient to increases in fire frequency, how to deal with fire-sensitive forests embedded in fire-prone shrublands, and how to integrate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Ecosystem management; Forestry; Fynbos; Pines; Wildland&amp;#8211; Urban interface.
Ano: 2012

Diversity, flexibility, and the resilience effect: lessons from a social-ecological case study of diversified farming in the northern Great Plains, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Diversified farming system; Diversity; Drought; Resilience; Northern Great Plains  USA; Scale; Slow variables; Social-ecological systems; Sustainable agriculture; Values-based supply chain.
Ano: 2014

Stakeholder perceptions of ecosystem services of the Wami River and Estuary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McNally, Catherine G.; Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island; cmcnally@crc.uri.edu; Gold, Arthur J.; Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; agold@uri.edu; Pollnac, Richard B.; Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; pollnac3@gmail.com; Kiwango, Halima R.; Tanzania National Parks.; hrpenga@yahoo.com.
Management of riverine and coastal ecosystems warrants enhanced understanding of how different stakeholders perceive and depend upon different kinds of ecosystem services.  Employing a mixed methods approach, this study compares and contrasts the use and perceptions of upstream residents, downstream residents, tourism officials, and conservation organizations regarding the value of 30 ecosystem services provided by the Wami River and its estuary in Tanzania, and investigates their perceptions of the main threats to this system.  Our findings reveal that all of the stakeholder groups place a high value on the provision of domestic water, habitat for wild plants and animals, tourism, and erosion control, and a relatively low value on the prevention of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Stakeholders; Values; Tanzania.
Ano: 2016

Ecological Criteria and Indicators for Tropical Forest Landscapes: Challenges in the Search for Progress
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); d.sheil@cgiar.org; Nasi, Robert; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); r.nasi@cgiar.org; Johnson, Brook; NCBA (National Cooperative Business Association); bjohnson@cs.com.
In the quest for global standards, &amp;#8220;Criteria and Indicators&amp;#8221; (C&amp;amp;I) are among the foremost mechanisms for defining and promoting sustainable tropical forest management. Here we examine some challenges posed by this approach, focusing on examples that reflect the ecological aspects of tropical forests at a management-unit level and assessments such as those required in timber certification.  C&amp;amp;I can foster better forest management. However, there are confusions and tensions to reconcile between general and local applications, between the ideal and the pragmatic, and between the scientific and the democratic. To overcome this requires a sober appraisal of what can realistically be achieved in each location and how this can...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Archaeological Evidence for Resilience of Pacific Northwest Salmon Populations and the Socioecological System over the last &amp;#126;7,500 years
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Sarah K.; Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University; Sarah.Campbell@wwu.edu; Butler, Virginia L.; Department of Anthropology, Portland State University; butlerv@pdx.edu.
Archaeological data on the long history of interaction between indigenous people and salmon have rarely been applied to conservation management. When joined with ethnohistoric records, archaeology provides an alternative conceptual view of the potential for sustainable harvests and can suggest possible social mechanisms for managing human behavior. Review of the &amp;#126;7,500-year-long fish bone record  from two subregions of the Pacific Northwest shows remarkable stability in salmon use. As major changes in the ecological and social system occurred over this lengthy period, persistence in the fishery is not due simply to a lack of perturbation, but rather indicates resilience in the ecological&amp;#8211;human system. Of several factors possibly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indigenous resource management; Pacific Northwest; Salmon; Sustainable harvests; Zooarchaeology.
Ano: 2010

Social-Ecological Collapse: TURF Governance in the Context of Highly Variable Resources in Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University; georgina.cundill@gmail.com.
In Chile, a Territorial User Rights for Fisheries system was developed to manage benthic fisheries. This system is referred to as Management Areas for the Exploitation of Benthic Resources. Management areas involved a shift from top-down control by governments to comanagement. We have analyzed the effects of a highly variable fishery, characterized by boom-and-bust cycles, on the governance of local institutions designed for resource management. We focused on a case study in north central Chile, in which the surf clam fishery experienced high levels of variability when the fishery was in an open access system. The management areas were established for the fishery in 1999. As a result, a set of rules for the fishery were created and enforced by fishers and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance; Management area; Small-scale fishery; Social-ecological; TURF.
Ano: 2014

Governance and the Capacity to Manage Resilience in Regional Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Campbell, Bruce; Northern Territory University; b_campbell@site.ntu.edu.au; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Hatfield-Dodds, Steve; CSIRO; Steve.Hatfield.Dodds@csiro.au; Hughes, Terry P; James Cook University; terry.hughes@jcu.edu.au; Wilson, James; University of Maine; jwilson@maine.edu.
The sustainability of regional development can be usefully explored through several different lenses. In situations in which uncertainties and change are key features of the ecological landscape and social organization, critical factors for sustainability are resilience, the capacity to cope and adapt, and the conservation of sources of innovation and renewal. However, interventions in social-ecological systems with the aim of altering resilience immediately confront issues of governance. Who decides what should be made resilient to what? For whom is resilience to be managed, and for what purpose? In this paper we draw on the insights from a diverse set of case studies from around the world in which members of the Resilience Alliance have observed or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance; Resilience; Adaptive capacity; Institutions; Accountability; Deliberation; Participation; Social justice; Polycentric institutions; Multilayered institutions.
Ano: 2006

Integrating local knowledge and science: economic consequences of driftwood harvest in a changing climate
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Chas E; International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks; chas@chasjones.com; Kielland, Knut; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; kkielland@alaska.edu; Hinzman, Larry D; International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks; ldhinzman@alaska.edu; Schneider, William S; Oral History Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks; wsschneider@alaska.edu.
The integration of local knowledge and science represents an opportunity to enhance the understanding of interrelations among climate, hydrology, and socioeconomic systems while providing mutual benefits to scientists and rural communities. Insight from rural Alaskans helped to identify a social-ecological threshold used to model potential driftwood harvest from the Yukon River. Information from residents of Tanana, Alaska, was combined with scientific data to model driftwood harvest rates. Modeling results estimated that between 1980 and 2010, hydrologic factors alone were responsible for a 29% decrease in the annual wood harvest, which approximately balanced a 23% reduction in wood demand because of a decline in number of households. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Climate; Driftwood; Economics; Flood; Hydrology; Large woody debris; Local knowledge; Participatory research; Social-ecological model; Threshold.
Ano: 2015

Synapses in the Network: Learning in Governance Networks in the Context of Environmental Management
Provedor de dados: 7
In the face of apparent failures to govern complex environmental problems by the central state, new modes of governance have been proposed in recent years. Network governance is an emerging concept that has not yet been consolidated. In network governance, processes of (collective) learning become an essential feature. The key issue approached here is the mutual relations between network structure and learning, with the aim of improving environmental management. Up to now, there have been few attempts to apply social network analysis (SNA) to learning and governance issues. Moreover, little research exists that draws on structural characteristics of networks as a whole, as opposed to actor-related network measures. Given the ambiguities of the concepts at...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Collective learning; Deliberation; Effectiveness; Information diffusion; Network governance; Network resilience; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2010

Stakeholder-led science: engaging resource managers to identify science needs for long-term management of floodplain conservation lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bouska, Kristen L.; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri; Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey; kbouska@usgs.gov; Lindner, Garth A.; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Missouri; lindnerg@missouri.edu; Paukert, Craig P.; U.S. Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri; paukertc@missouri.edu; Jacobson, Robert B.; Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey; rjacobson@usgs.gov.
Floodplains pose challenges to managers of conservation lands because of constantly changing interactions with their rivers. Although scientific knowledge and understanding of the dynamics and drivers of river-floodplain systems can provide guidance to floodplain managers, the scientific process often occurs in isolation from management. Further, communication barriers between scientists and managers can be obstacles to appropriate application of scientific knowledge. With the coproduction of science in mind, our objectives were the following: (1) to document management priorities of floodplain conservation lands, and (2) identify science needs required to better manage the identified management priorities under nonstationary conditions, i.e., climate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Floodplain management; Inundation; Large rivers; Mississippi River Basin; Nonstationarity.
Ano: 2016

The Cost of Restoration as a Way of Defining Resilience: a Viability Approach Applied to a Model of Lake Eutrophication
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martin, Sophie; Cemagref; sophie.martin@cemagref.fr.
Multiple stable states or alternative equilibria in ecological systems have been recognized since the 1960s in the ecological literature. Very often, the shift between alternative states occurs suddenly and the resource flows from these systems are modified. Resilience is the capacity of a system to undergo disturbance and maintain its functions and controls. It has multiple levels of meaning, from the metaphorical to the specific. However, most studies that explore resilience-related ideas have used resilience as a metaphor or theoretical construct. In a few cases, it has been defined operationally in the context of a model of a particular system. In this paper, resilience is defined consistently with the theoretical uses of the term, in the context of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dynamic systems; Ecosystem models; Eutrophication; Lake ecosystem; Resilience; Time of crisis.
Ano: 2004

Exploring Dimensions, Scales, and Cross-scale Dynamics from the Perspectives of Change Agents in Social&amp;#8211;ecological Systems.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vervoort, Joost M.; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; Land Dynamics group, Wageningen University; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre; joost.vervoort@eci.ox.ac.uk; Rutting, Lucas; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (IIS), University of Amsterdam; l.rutting@uva.nl; Kok, Kasper; Land Dynamics group, Wageningen University; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Hermans, Frans L.P.; Communication sciences group, Wageningen University; frans.hermans@wur.nl; Veldkamp, Tom; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente; veldkamp@itc.nl; Bregt, Arnold K.; Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing,  Wageningen University ; arnold.bregt@wur.nl; Lammeren, Ron van; Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University; ron.vanlammeren@wur.nl.
Issues of scale play a crucial role in the governance of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Yet, attempts to bridge interdisciplinary perspectives on the role of scale have thus far largely been limited to the science arena. This study has extended the scale vocabulary to allow for the inclusion of practice-based perspectives on scale. We introduced &amp;#8220;dimensions,&amp;#8221; used to describe the bare aspects of phenomena, such as time, space, and power, structured by scales and levels. We argued that this extension allows for a clearer understanding of the diversity of dimensions and scales that can be used to explore social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. We used this scale vocabulary in a practical case study to elicit perspectives on dimensions,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change agents  cross-scale dynamics  level  scale  social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

More Globally Coordinated Approach Needed to Control Aliens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chapman, Ross; Parks Canada; Ross.chapman@pch.gc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Cumulative Effects Planning: Finding the Balance Using Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spyce, Amanda; Department of Energy, Government of Alberta; amanda.spyce@gov.ab.ca; Weber, Marian; Alberta Innovates Technology Futures; marian.weber@albertainnovates.ca; Adamowicz, Wiktor; Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta; vic.adamowicz@ualberta.ca.
Cumulative effects management requires understanding the environmental impacts of development and finding the right balance between social, economic, and environmental objectives. We explored the use of choice experiments to elicit preferences for competing social, economic, and ecological outcomes in order to rank land and resource development options. The experiments were applied in the Southeast Yukon, a remote and resource rich region in Northern Canada with a relatively large aboriginal population. The case study addresses two issues of concern in cumulative effects management: the willingness to discount future environmental costs for immediate development benefits, and the existence of limits of acceptable change for communities affected by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2012

The relevance of a coproductive capacity framework to climate change adaptation: investigating the health and water sectors in Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowen, Kathryn J; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia;   ; kathryn.bowen@anu.edu.au; Miller, Fiona P; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University, Australia; Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia ; fiona.miller@mq.edu.au; Dany, Va; Department of Environment, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia;   Institute of Sustainable Development and Architecture, Bond  University, Australia ; danyenvironment@gmail.com; Graham, Sonia; Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia; sonia.graham@unimelb.edu.au.
Multiple active partnerships in the health and water sectors in Cambodia exist to address climate change adaptation, operating beyond typical sectoral and organizational divides. Decisions around national adaptation policy are made predominantly by the relevant lead ministry, contrasting with where funding originates from (i.e., major donors, multilaterals, United Nation agencies). Adaptation policy is thus the result of a process of coproduction by state and nonstate actors. The research we present sought to understand the relationships that exist between knowledge- and decision-makers with respect to climate change adaptation in the health and water sectors in Cambodia, and the factors that enabled or constrained these relationships. Forty-four...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actionable knowledge; Cambodia; Climate change adaptation; Knowledge production process; Multiparty collaboration; Social networks.
Ano: 2015

Relaxing in Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Science for Place-based Socioecological Management: Lessons from the Maya Forest (Chiapas and Pet&amp;#233;n)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Manuel-Navarrete, David; United Nations Economic Comission for Latin America and the Caribbean; David.MANUEL-NAVARRETE@cepal.org; Slocombe, Scott; Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University; sslocomb@wlu.ca; Mitchell, Bruce; Department of Geography, University of Waterloo.; mitchell@uwaterloo.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Contextualization; Integrated conservation; Maya forest; Place-based; Sustainability initiatives.
Ano: 2006

Water Management on the Island of IJsselmonde 1000 to 1953: Polycentric Governance, Adaptation, and Petrification
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mostert, Erik; Delft University of Technology; E.Mostert@TUDelft.NL.
One of the central tenets of adaptive management is polycentric governance. Yet, despite the popularity of the concept, few detailed case studies of polycentric governance systems exist. In this paper, we aim to partly fill this gap. We describe water management between the years 1000 and 1953 on the Dutch island of IJsselmonde in the Netherlands near Rotterdam, and then use this case to reflect on the theory of polycentric governance. Despite the small size of the island, water management on IJsselmonde was the responsibility of no fewer than 31 local jurisdictions and some 65 polders. In addition, some supra-local arrangements were made, such as joint supervision of dikes. According to the theory, such a polycentric system should have many advantages...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Drainage; Flood management; Island of IJsselmonde  Netherlands; Petrification; Polycentric governance; Water resources management.
Ano: 2012

Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use, and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elmhagen, Bodil; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; bodil.elmhagen@zoologi.su.se; Destouni, Georgia; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; georgia.destouni@natgeo.su.se; Boyd, Emily; Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre; University of Reading, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Cousins, Sara A. O.; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; sara.cousins@natgeo.su.se; Ermold, Matti; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; matti.ermold@natgeo.su.se; Hedlund, Johanna; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; johanna.hedlund@zoologi.su.se; Hylander, Kristoffer; Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; kristoffer.hylander@su.se; Jaramillo, Fernando; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se; Lagerholm, Vendela K; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics; vendela.kempe@nrm.se; Lyon, Steve W; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; steve.lyon@natgeo.su.se; Moor, Helen; Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre; helen.moor@stockholmresilience.su.se; Pasanen-Mortensen, Marianne; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; marianne.mortensen@zoologi.su.se; Plue, Jan; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; jan.plue@natgeo.su.se; Prieto, Carmen; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; carmen.prieto@natgeo.su.se; van der Velde, Ype; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Wageningen University, Department of Soil Geography and Landscape; ype.vandervelde@wur.nl; Lindborg, Regina; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; regina.lindborg@natgeo.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Governance; Historical ecology; Landscape management; Scale mismatch; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Modification of Land Cover in a Traditional Agroforestry System in Spain: Processes of Tree Expansion and Regression
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; plieninger@bbaw.de; Schaar, Michael; University of Applied Sciences Berlin (TFH); schaar.michael@gmx.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Landscape changes; Landscape structure; Quercus ilex; Traditional landscape; Tree regression.
Ano: 2008

Visions of Alternative (Unpredictable) Futures and Their Use in Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Costanza, Robert; University of Maryland, Institute for Ecological Economics; rcostanz@zoo.uvm.edu.
The most critical task facing humanity today is the creation of a shared vision of a sustainable and desirable society, one that can provide permanent prosperity within the biophysical constraints of the real world in a way that is fair and equitable to all of humanity, to other species, and to future generations. Recent work with businesses and communities indicates that creating a shared vision is the most effective engine for change in the desired direction, yet most effort in "futures modeling" has focused on extrapolating past trends rather than envisioning alternative futures. Science and economics as applied to policy are in conflict more often over alternative visions of the world than purely "scientific" disagreements. Likewise, governance has...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative futures; Change process; Envisioning; Public judgment; Public policy analysis; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000

Adaptive management in crop pest control in the face of climate variability: an agent-based modeling approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Climate changes are occurring rapidly at both regional and global scales. Farmers are faced with the challenge of developing new agricultural practices to help them to cope with unpredictable changes in environmental, social, and economic conditions. Under these conditions, adaptive management requires a farmer to learn by monitoring provisional strategies and changing conditions, and then incrementally adjust management practices in light of new information. Exploring adaptive management will increase our understanding of the underlying processes that link farmer societies with their environment across space and time, while accounting for the impacts of an unpredictable climate. Here, we assessed the impacts of temperature and crop price, as surrogates...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agent-based model; Agro-ecosystems; Farmers; Pest.
Ano: 2015

Implications of Current Ecological Thinking for Biodiversity Conservation: a Review of the Salient Issues
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wallington, Tabatha J; Murdoch University; T.Wallington@murdoch.edu.au; Hobbs, Richard J; ; R.Hobbs@murdoch.edu.au; Moore, Susan A; ; smoore@murdoch.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Disturbance; Ecosystem management; Non-equilibrium ecology; Spatial dynamics; Temporal dynamics; Theoretical ecology.
Ano: 2005

National Climate Change Policies and Sustainable Water Management: Conflicts and Synergies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pittock, Jamie; Australian National University; jamie.pittock@anu.edu.au.
Even in the absence of climate change, freshwater ecosystems and the resources they provide for people are under great pressure because of increasing demand for water and declines in water quality. The imminent onset of climate change will exacerbate these impacts, placing even greater pressure on already stressed resources and regions. A plethora of national climate change policies have been adopted that emphasize structural adjustment in the energy sector and increasing carbon sinks. To date, most public debate on water has focused on the direct impacts of climate change on hydrology. However, there is growing evidence that climate change policies themselves may have substantial additional and negative impacts on freshwater resources and ecosystems and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Conservation; Energy; Governments; Policies; Rivers.
Ano: 2011

Ex Ante Impact Assessment of Policies Affecting Land Use, Part B: Application of the Analytical Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helming, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); khelming@zalf.de; Diehl, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); diehl@zalf.de; Kuhlman, Tom; Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI); tom.kuhlman@wur.nl; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl; Bakker, Martha; Alterra WUR; Martha.bakker@wur.nl; Perez-Soba, Marta; Alterra WUR; marta.perezsoba@wur.nl; Jones, Laurence; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Bangor; lj@ceh.ac.uk; Verkerk, Pieter Johannes; European Forest Institute (EFI); Hans.verkerk@efi.int; Tabbush, Paul; ; paul.tabbush@virgin.net; Morris, Jake Breton; Forest Research; jake.morris@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Drillet, Zuzana; University of Aberdeen; Z.imrichova@abdn.ac.uk; Farrington, John; University of Aberdeen; j.farrington@abdn.ac.uk; Stuczynski, Tomasz; Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation; ts@iung.pulawy.pl; Siebielec, Grzegorz; Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation; gs@iung.pulawy.pl; Sieber, Stefan; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); stefan.sieber@zalf.de; Wiggering, Hubert; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); wiggering@zalf.de.
The use of science-based tools for impact assessment has increasingly gained focus in addressing the complexity of interactions between environment, society, and economy. For integrated assessment of policies affecting land use, an analytical framework was developed. The aim of our work was to apply the analytical framework for specific scenario cases and in combination with quantitative and qualitative application methods. The analytical framework was tested for two cases involving the ex ante impact assessment of: (1) a European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) financial reform scenario employing a modeling approach and combined with a comprehensive indicator analysis and valuation; and (2) a regional bioenergy policy scenario, employing a fully...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Analytical framework; Discussion tools; DPSIR framework; Ex ante impact assessment; Land-use change; Model-based tools; Participatory assessment tools; Policy development; Sustainability.
Ano: 2011

Trust: the Critical Element for Successful Watershed Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Flitcroft, Rebecca; USDA Forest Service Research Lab ; becky.flitcroft@oregonstate.edu; Dedrick, Dana C; Long Tom Watershed Council Executive Director; coordinator@longtom.org; Smith, Courtland L; Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University; csmith@oregonstate.edu; Thieman, Cynthia A; Long Tom Watershed Council Restoration Director ; restoration@longtom.org; Bolte, John P; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering; boltej@engr.orst.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community; Management; ; Social structure; Watersheds.
Ano: 2010

Social Justice and Adaptation in the UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Benzie, Magnus; Stockholm Environment Institute; magnus.benzie@sei-international.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Social justice; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Understanding Household Connectivity and Resilience in Marginal Rural Communities through Social Network Analysis in the Village of Habu, Botswana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cassidy, Lin; Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana; lcassidy@orc.ub.bw; Barnes, Grenville  D.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; gbarnes@ufl.edu.
Adaptability is emerging as a key issue not only in the climate change debate but in the general area of sustainable development.  In this context, we examine the link between household resilience and connectivity in a rural community in Botswana. We see resilience and vulnerability as the positive and negative dimensions of adaptability.  Poor, marginal rural communities confronted with the vagaries of climate change, will need to become more resilient if they are to survive and thrive.  We define resilience as the capacity of a social&amp;#8211;ecological system to cope with shocks such as droughts or economic crises without changing its fundamental identity.  We make use of three different indices of household resilience: livelihood diversity, wealth,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Capital; Household connectivity; Household resilience; Social networks.
Ano: 2012

Transient Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Stability: the Effects of Invasive Species and Ecosystem Restoration on Nutrient Management Compromise in Lake Erie
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roy, Eric D.; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University; eroy5@tigers.lsu.edu; Martin, Jay F.; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University; martin.1130@osu.edu; Irwin, Elena G.; Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio State University; irwin.78@osu.edu; Conroy, Joseph D.; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University; conroy.27@osu.edu; Culver, David A.; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University; culver.3@osu.edu.
Together, lake ecosystems and local human activity form complex social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SESs) characterized by feedback loops and discontinuous change. Researchers in diverse fields have suggested that complex systems do not have single stable equilibria in the long term because of inevitable perturbation. During this study, we sought to address the general question of whether or not stable social&amp;#8211;ecological equilibria exist in highly stressed and managed lacustrine systems. Using an integrated human&amp;#8211;biophysical model, we investigated the impacts of a species invasion and ecosystem restoration on SES equilibrium, defined here as a compromise in phosphorus management among opposing stakeholders, in western Lake Erie. Our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dreissena; Ecosystem services; Invasive species; Lake Erie; Lake eutrophication; Lake management; Perturbation; Phosphorus.
Ano: 2010

Scaling of Natal Dispersal Distances in Terrestrial Birds and Mammals
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sutherland, Glenn D; University of British Columbia; gsland@interchg.ubc.ca; Harestad, Alton S; Simon Fraser University; harestad@sfu.ca; Price, Karen; Simon Fraser University; kprice@futurenet.ca; Lertzman, Ken; Simon Fraser University; lertzman@sfu.ca.
Natal dispersal is a process that is critical in the spatial dynamics of populations, including population spread, recolonization, and gene flow. It is a central focus of conservation issues for many vertebrate species. Using data for 77 bird and 68 mammal species, we tested whether median and maximum natal dispersal distances were correlated with body mass, diet type, social system, taxonomic family, and migratory status. Body mass and diet type were found to predict both median and maximum natal dispersal distances in mammals: large species dispersed farther than small ones, and carnivorous species dispersed farther than herbivores and omnivores. Similar relationships occurred for carnivorous bird species, but not for herbivorous or omnivorous ones....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Allometric scaling; Birds; Body mass; Comparative analysis; Connectedness; Diet type; Habitat alterations; Life history; Mammals; Movements; Natal dispersal distances; Probability density function.
Ano: 2000

Fifteen Weddings and a Funeral: Case Studies and Resilience-based Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Walker, Brian H; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Resource management.
Ano: 2006

Will Forests Remain in the Face of Oil Palm Expansion? Simulating Change in Malinau, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandker, Marieke; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Sandker@cgiar.org; Suwarno, Aritta; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); aritta_suwarno@yahoo.com; Campbell, Bruce M; Charles Darwin University (CDU); Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Bruce.Campbell@cdu.edu.au.
The severe tensions between conservation and development are illustrated by events in Malinau Dstrict (Kalimantan, Indonesia). Conservationists decry proposed plans for logging and conversion of pristine tropical forest to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Although the local government is willing to declare the district a &amp;#8220;conservation district,&amp;#8221; at the same time, it shows interest in oil palm conversion. This article explores the impact of the potential conversion of 500&amp;nbsp;000 ha of forest to oil palm on forest cover, in-migration, and the local economy in Malinau. The simulation model was developed using STELLA&amp;#174; software, and relies on a combination of empirical data, data from the literature, and stakeholder perceptions....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decentralization; District revenue; Forest cover; Landscape dynamics; Livelihoods; Oil palm; Participatory model; Primary forest.
Ano: 2007

Addressing Trade-offs: Experiences from Conservation and Development Initiatives in the Mkuze Wetlands, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dahlberg, Annika C.; Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University; annika.dahlberg@natgeo.su.se; Burlando, Catie; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; umburlac@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Present-day conservation policies generally include the aim to integrate biodiversity conservation and local development, and describe this as a win&amp;#8211;win solution that can satisfy all interests. This is challenged by research claiming that many efforts fail to match practice to rhetoric. South Africa has made strong commitments to fulfill the dual goals of conservation and development, and the iSimangaliso Wetland Park is promoted as an example of this. We explore present and potential outcomes of conservation and development interventions in a community bordering the Wetland Park through the perspective of different stakeholders, with the aim of uncovering opportunities and risks. In terms of improving local livelihoods as well as involvement in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated conservation and development; Mkuze wetlands; Natural resource management; Protected area; Rural livelihoods; South Africa; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2009

Resilience assessment: a useful approach to navigate urban sustainability challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sellberg, My M.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; my.sellberg@su.se; Wilkinson, Cathy; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; wilkinson_cathy@yahoo.com.au; Peterson, Garry D.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; garry.peterson@su.se.
Cities and towns have become increasingly interested in building resilience to cope with surprises, however, how to do this is often unclear. We evaluated the ability of the Resilience Assessment Workbook to help urban areas incorporate resilience thinking into their planning practice by exploring how a resilience assessment process complemented existing planning in the local government of Eskilstuna, Sweden. We conducted this evaluation using participant observation, semistructured interviews, and a survey of the participants. Our findings show that the resilience assessment contributed to ongoing planning practices by addressing sustainability challenges that were not being addressed within the normal municipal planning or operations, such as local food...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crisis management; Eskilstuna; Local government planning; Participatory processes; Resilience assessment; Sustainable development; Sweden; Transdisciplinary research; Urban planning.
Ano: 2015

Coupled Vulnerability and Resilience: the Dynamics of Cross-Scale Interactions in Post-Katrina New Orleans
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gotham, Kevin F.; Tulane University; kgotham@tulane.edu; Campanella, Richard; Tulane University; rcampane@tulane.edu.
We investigate the impact of trauma on cross-scale interactions in order to identify the major social-ecological factors affecting the pace and trajectory of post-Katrina rebuilding in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Disaster and traumatic events create and activate networks and linkages at different spatial and institutional levels to provide information and resources related to post-trauma recovery and rebuilding. The extension, intensification, and acceleration of cross-scale linkages and interactions in response to trauma alter organizational couplings, which then contribute to the vulnerability and resilience of social-ecological systems. Rather than viewing urban ecosystems as either resilient or vulnerable, we conceptualize them as embodying both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disaster; Hurricane Katrina; New Orleans; Resilience; Trauma; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

A method for assessing ecological values to reconcile multiple land use needs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kangas, Katja M; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu; katja.kangas@luke.fi; Tolvanen, Anne; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu; Department of Ecology, University of Oulu; anne.tolvanen@luke.fi; Tarvainen, Oili; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu; oili.tarvainen@luke.fi; Nikula, Ari; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi; ari.nikula@luke.fi; Nivala, Vesa; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi; vesa.nivala@luke.fi; Huhta, Esa; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi; esa.huhta@luke.fi.
We present a new method for ecologically sustainable land use planning within multiple land use schemes. Our aims were (1) to develop a method that can be used to locate important areas based on their ecological values; (2) to evaluate the quality, quantity, availability, and usability of existing ecological data sets; and (3) to demonstrate the use of the method in Eastern Finland, where there are requirements for the simultaneous development of nature conservation, tourism, and recreation. We compiled all available ecological data sets from the study area, complemented the missing data using habitat suitability modeling, calculated the total ecological score (TES) for each 1 ha grid cell in the study area, and finally, demonstrated the use of TES in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Ecological value; Land use planning; Modeling; Spatial data; Tourism.
Ano: 2016

Innovation and Metastability: a Systems Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Winder, Nick; Newcastle University; Nick.Winder@ncl.ac.uk.
The culture trap is the tendency to put cultural markers and habits above the demands of reason or compassion. It can reduce receptivity to new ideas and trigger Phoenix Cycles of catastrophe and renaissance. System research is then complicated by the historiographic problem of continuity and change, because there are no objective criteria for deciding whether "the system" survived or was destroyed by the catastrophe. This paper explores the differences between uncertainty emergence and self-organizing emergence using the concept of a "possibility space" to clarify the relationship between anti-causal events and causal states, i.e., the meso-history of conjuncture. Conjunctures are interpreted ex post in the context of deep time. The paper distinguishes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive potential; Cultural ecodynamics; Complex adaptive systems; Innovation; Metastability; Resilience.
Ano: 2007

Application of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping in Livelihood Vulnerability Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Murungweni, Chrispen; Wageningen University; Grasslands Research Institute, Zimbabwe; Chrispen.Murungweni@wur.nl; van Wijk, Mark T.; Wageningen University; mark.vanwijk@wur.nl; Andersson, Jens A.; Wageningen University; University of Zimbabwe; jens.andersson@wur.nl; Smaling, Eric M. A.; University of Twente; smaling@itc.nl; Giller, Ken E.; Wageningen University; ken.giller@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Drought; Fuzzy cognitive mapping; Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area; Livelihood; Southeastern Zimbabwe; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Integrated Natural Resource Management: Approaches and Lessons from the Himalaya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Saxena, K. G.; Jawaharlal Nehru University; kgsaxena@jnuniv.ernet.in; Rao, K.S.; CISHME, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi-17, India; srkottapalli@yahoo.com; Sen, K. K. C; G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development;; Maikhuri, R. K.; G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development; rkmaikhuri@yahoo.com; Semwal, R. L.; ;.
Losses of forest cover, biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and ecosystem services in the Himalayan mountain region are interlinked problems and threats to the sustainable livelihoods of 115 x 106 mountain people as well as the inhabitants of the adjoining Indo-gangetic plains. Until the 1970s, environmental conservation, food security, and rural economic development were treated as independent sectors. The poor outcomes of sector-oriented approaches catalyzed efforts to address environmental and socioeconomic problems concurrently. The identification of "key" natural resource management interventions is an important dimension of integrated management. Projects to rehabilitate the degraded lands that cover 40% of the Indian Himalaya could be key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bamboo; Community decision making; Himalaya; India; Integrated natural resource management; Land rehabilitation; Medicinal plants; Reforestation; Village.
Ano: 2001

Opportunities and challenges for multicriteria assessment of food system sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moller, Henrik; Centre for Sustainability (CSAFE), University of Otago, New Zealand; ecosyst@ihug.co.nz; Noe, Egon; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Denmark; egon.noe@agro.au.dk.
The focus of the Special Feature on &amp;#8220;Multicriteria assessment of food system sustainability&amp;#8221; is on the complex challenges of making and communicating overall assessments of food systems sustainability based on multiple and varied criteria. Four papers concern the choice and development of appropriate tools for making multicriteria sustainability assessments that handle built-in methodological conflicts and trade-offs between different assessment objectives.  They underscore the value of linking diverse methods and tools, or nesting and stepping their deployment, to help build resilience and sustainability. They conclude that there is no one tool, one framework, or one indicator set that is appropriate for the different purposes and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Food systems; Multiple perspectives; Performance-based vs. values-based approaches; Sustainability assessment; Sustainability transformation; Tool choice.
Ano: 2016

Landscapes with Araucaria in South America: evidence for a cultural dimension
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peroni, Nivaldo; Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; peronin@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Araucaria forests; Araucaria angustifolia; Araucaria araucana; Cultural identity; Cultural landscape; Traditional diet.
Ano: 2014

A Participatory Modeling Process to Capture Indigenous Ways of Adaptability to Uncertainty: Outputs From an Experiment in West African Drylands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: d'Aquino, Patrick; CIRAD; daquino@cirad.fr; Bah, Alassane; UMISCO ESP UCAD Dakar; alassane.bah@gmail.com.
Over the centuries, local communities have shaped atypical rules to deal with the uncertainty of their environment. They have developed complex prototypes for flexible overlapping institutions and arrangements to adapt their rules and uses to their uncertain environment. Today, this indigenous way of flexibly institutionalizing access rules could provide blueprints for dealing with uncertainty issues resulting from global change as well as designing practical guidelines for implementing resilient management. However, transforming indigenous skills for developing institutional flexibility into operational management rules that are appropriate in the current environmental and socioeconomic context is a huge challenge. However, communities could easily...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environment; Indigenous knowledge; Management; Modeling; Participation; Sahel; Senegal; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Illusions of empowerment? Questioning policy and practice of community forestry in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chomba, Susan W.; University of Copenhagen; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins; schomba@gmail.com; Nathan, Iben; University of Copenhagen; in@ifro.ku.dk; Minang, Peter A.; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); A.Minang@CGIAR.ORG; Sinclair, Fergus; Bangor University, Wales; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); f.sinclair@cgiar.org.
The extent to which community forestry (CF) contributes to empowerment of local communities remains hotly contested. We develop a unified theory of empowerment at the intersection of asset-based agency and institution-based opportunity and apply it to examine the extent to which the implementation of CF has led to local empowerment. Our empirical data are drawn from review of national level policies and a field study of Ngare Ndare Community Forest Association (CFA) in Kenya. We investigated what types of powers were transferred to the local level, how representative the local institution was of the local community, and how its formation and composition affected the empowerment of socially and economically differentiated groups, with competing claims over...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Empowerment; Kenya; Representation.
Ano: 2015

Social Role-Play Games Vs Individual Perceptions of Conservation and PES Agreements for Maintaining Rubber Agroforests in Jambi (Sumatra), Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Villamor, Grace B; Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn; gracev@uni-bonn.de; van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); m.vannoordwijk@cgiar.org.
Financial incentives can both support and undermine social norms compatible with environmental service enhancement. External co-investment&amp;#8212;e.g., through incentives from programs to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) and eco-certification&amp;#8212;needs to synergize with local efforts by understanding local dynamics and conditions for free and prior informed consent. We assessed the perceptions and behavior of rubber agroforest farmers under existing conservation agreements as a step toward institutionalized reward schemes for agro-biodiversity using questionnaires and role-playing games (RPG). To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply such a combination of methods to explore the perceptions of payments for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation agreements; Payments/rewards for agro-biodiversity conservation; Role playing game; Rubber agroforest.
Ano: 2011

Promoting communication, participation, and learning with regard to organic food products: a communication theoretical approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kastberg, Peter; Aarhus University, Business and Social Sciences, Business Communication; pk@asb.dk.
The market for organic foods is growing, however, the proportion of consumers buying organic foods is still considered low. Research shows that a significant barrier to consumers purchasing more organic foods is lack of information. This leads the relevant body of research to call for better communication around organic foods. The same body of research, however, neither questions what good  communication surrounding organic foods is, nor what would make it better. Applying the communication theoretical formats of transmission, interaction, and coaction, respectively, onto instances of organic communication activities, I will discuss to what extent each format encourages consumer participation and learning. Transmission, typically in the form of monologuous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coaction; Communication; Interaction; Knowledge communication; Transmission.
Ano: 2015

Private development-based forest conservation in Patagonia: comparing mental models and revealing cultural truths
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Serenari, Christopher; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; cserenari@gmail.com; Peterson, M. Nils; North Carolina State University; nils_peterson@ncsu.edu; Leung, Yu-Fai; North Carolina State University; Leung@ncsu.edu; Stowhas, Paulina; University of Wisconsin-Madison; stowhas@gmail.com; Wallace, Tim; North Carolina State University; tmwallace@mindspring.com; Sills, Erin O.; North Carolina State University; sills@ncsu.edu.
Private protected area (PPA) conservation agents (CA) engaging in development-based conservation in southern Chile have generated conflict with locals. Poor fit of dominant development-based conservation ideology in rural areas is commonly to blame. We developed and administered a cultural consensus survey near the Valdivian Coastal Reserve (RCV) and Huilo Huilo Reserve (HH) to examine fit of CA cultural truths with local residents. Cultural consensus analysis (CCA) of 23 propositions reflecting CA cultural truths confirmed: (1) a single CA culture exists, and (2) RCV communities were more aligned with this culture than HH communities. Inadequate communication, inequitable decision making, divergent opinions about livelihood impacts and trajectories, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chile; Cultural consensus; Development; Mental model; Private protected area.
Ano: 2015

Indigenous M&amp;#257;ori values and perspectives to inform freshwater management in Aotearoa-New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harmsworth, Garth; Tribal: Te Arawa, Ng&amp;#257;ti T&amp;#363;wharetoa, Ng&amp;#257;ti Raukawa; Landcare Research; HarmsworthG@landcareresearch.co.nz; Awatere, Shaun; Tribal: Ng&amp;#257;ti Porou;  Landcare Research; AwatereS@landcareresearch.co.nz; Robb, Mahuru; Tribal: Ng&amp;#257;ti Awa, Ng&amp;#257;ti Ranginui; Landcare Research; RobbM@landcareresearch.co.nz.
In response to widespread water quality and quantity issues, the New Zealand Government has recently embarked on a number of comprehensive freshwater management reforms, developing a raft of national discussion and policy documents such as &amp;#8220;Freshwater Reform 2013 and Beyond&amp;#8221; and a National Policy Statement for freshwater management (NPS-FM 2014). Recent resource management reforms and amendments (RMA 2014), based on previous overarching resource management legislation (RMA 1991), set out a new approach and pathway to manage freshwater nationwide.  Internationally, there is an increasing trend to engage with indigenous communities for research and collaboration, including indigenous groups as active participants in resource management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cogovernance; Collaboration; Comanagement; Coplanning; Cultural monitoring; Cultural values; Indigenous M&amp;#257; Ori; M&amp;#257; Ori knowledge; M&amp;#257; Tauranga M&amp;#257; Ori; Resource management.
Ano: 2016

Synthesis of the Storylines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cork, Steven J; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and Land &amp; Water Australia; stevecork@grapevine.net.au; Peterson, Garry D; Department of Geography &amp; McGill School of the Environment, McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Bennett, Elena M; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca; Zurek, Monika; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); monika.zurek@fao.org.
This paper outlines the qualitative components (the storylines) of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios. Drawing on a mixture of expert knowledge, experience, and published literature, we have explored plausible consequences of four trajectories for human development. The storylines have been designed to draw out both benefits and risks for ecosystems and human well-being in all four trajectories with enough richness of detail to allow readers to immerse themselves in the world of the scenario. Only a summarized version of the storylines is presented here; readers are encouraged to read the more detailed versions (MA 2005). Together with the quantitative models (Alcamo et al. 2005) the storylines provide a base from which others can consider...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Economic development; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Environmental technology; Futures; Poverty reduction; Regime shifts; Resilience; Scenarios; Urbanization.
Ano: 2006

A New Ecosystems Ecology for Anthropology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Thomas; National Taipei University; tabel@mail.ntpu.edu.tw; Stepp, John Richard; University of Florida; stepp@anthro.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

An information ecology approach to science&amp;#8211;policy integration in adaptive management of social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eddy, Brian G; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Brian.Eddy@NRCan.gc.ca; Hearn, Brian; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Brian.Hearn@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Luther, Joan E; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; JoanE.Luther@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; van Zyll de Jong, Michael; Environmental Policy Institute, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland; michaelv@grenfell.mun.ca; Bowers, Wade; Environmental Policy Institute, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland; wbowers@grenfell.mun.ca; Parsons, Reg; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Reg.Parsons@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Piercey, Douglas; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Douglas.Piercey@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Strickland, Guy; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Guy.Strickland@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Wheeler, Barry; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Barry.Wheeler@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca.
Adaptive management of social-ecological systems requires integration and collaboration among scientists, policy makers, practitioners, and stakeholders across multiple disciplines and organizations. Challenges associated with such integration have been attributed to gaps between how human systems are organized and how ecosystems function. To address this gap, we explore the application of information ecology as a theoretical basis for integrating human systems and natural systems. First, we provide an overview of information ecology with reference to its relationship with information theory and how we define &amp;#8220;information.&amp;#8221; Principles governing whole-part relationships, i.e., holons and holarchies, are then used to develop a general...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecosystems-based management; Holons; Information ecology; Information theory; Science&amp;#8211; Policy integration.
Ano: 2014

Resilience revisited: taking institutional theory seriously
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sj&amp;#246;stedt, Martin; Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg; martin.sjostedt@pol.gu.se.
Resilience thinking has in recent decades emerged as a key perspective within research and policy focusing on sustainable development and the global environmental challenges of today. Originating from ecology, the concept has gained a reputation far beyond its original disciplinary borders and now plays a key role in the study and practice of environmental governance in general. Although I fully support the interdisciplinary ambitions of resilience thinking, I argue that if the resulting scholarly insights and policy advice are to be of any true added value, resilience thinking should take existing social scientific advances more seriously. In particular, I argue that resilience thinking does not give sufficient recognition to the already existing accounts...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Institutional change; Institutions; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

Scenario planning during rapid ecological change: lessons and perspectives from workshops with southwest Yukon wildlife managers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beach, Dylan M.; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; dylanbeach@gmail.com; Clark, Douglas A.; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; d.clark@usask.ca.
Scenario planning has been increasingly advocated as a strategic planning tool for enabling natural resource managers to make decisions in the face of uncertainty and rapid change. However, few examples exist that discuss the technique&amp;#8217;s application in that field. We used a scenario planning approach to develop wildlife management goals and evaluated participants&amp;#8217; perceptions of scenario planning as a goal development tool. Study participants emphasized the context-specificity of management goals, and that &amp;#8220;no-regrets&amp;#8221; management strategies might not be constructive. We found that scenario planning can help resource managers identify needs that have been overlooked but may become important in the future. Scenarios...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Champagne &amp;#38; Aishihik First Nations; Change; Participatory; Qualitative; Scenario planning; Social-ecological system (SES); Wildlife management; Yukon Territory.
Ano: 2015

Competing Structure, Competing Views: The Role of Formal and Informal Social Structures in Shaping Stakeholder Perceptions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prell, Christina; University of Sheffield; c.prell@sheffield.ac.uk; Reed, Mark; Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Centre for Planning and Environmental Management School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen ; m.reed@abdn.ac.uk; Racin, Liat; Department of Geography, King's College London ; Liat.Racin@kcl.ac.uk; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geography, University of Maryland; Hubacek@umd.edu.
What is social structure, and how does it influence the views and behaviors of land managers? In this paper, we unpack the term "social structure" in the context of current research on institutions, social networks, and their role(s) in resource management. We identify two different kinds of structure, formal and informal, and explore how these link to views of land management and management practice. Formal structures refer to intentionally designed organizations that arise out of larger institutional arrangements; informal ones refer to social networks, based on the communication contacts individuals possess. Our findings show significant correlations between respondents' views regarding land management and their social networks; it is these informal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Formal organizations; Homophily; Institutions; Land management; Social networks; Social network analysis; Social structure; Stakeholder perceptions.
Ano: 2010

Cultural Resilience of Social-ecological Systems in the Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Russia: A Focus on Reindeer Nomads of the Tundra
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Forbes, Bruce C.; Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland; bforbes@ulapland.fi.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrocarbon extraction; Nomadism; Rangifer tarandus; Siberia; Stewardship; West Siberian Tundra.
Ano: 2013

Using social representations theory to make sense of climate change: what scientists and nonscientists in Australia think
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moloney, Gail; Psychology, Southern Cross University; gail.moloney@scu.edu.au; Leviston, Zoe; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship; Zoe.Leviston@csiro.au; Lynam, Timothy; CSIRO, Social and Economic Sciences Program; tim.lynam@internode.on.net; Price, Jennifer; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship;; Stone-Jovicich, Samantha; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship;; Blair, Duncan; CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship;.
The mass media has ensured that the challenging and complex phenomenon of climate change now has the household familiarity of a brand name. But what is it that is understood by climate change, and by whom? What frame of reference is drawn upon to communicate meaningfully about climate change?  Do particular subgroups within our society hold different understandings, or have the debate and the prolific dissemination of information about this issue coalesced around a core perception or image of what climate change is?  To answer these questions, we conceptualized climate change within the theory of social representations as emergent socially constructed knowledge. We analyzed word association data collected in Australia from persons identifying as having a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Social representations theory; Word associations.
Ano: 2014

Certifying the commons: eco-certification, privatization, and collective action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Foley, Paul; Environmental Policy Institute, Memorial University, Grenfell Campus; pfoley@grenfell.mun.ca; McCay, Bonnie; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers the State University; mccay@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU.
We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First, certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur  Mexico; Collective action; Common pool resources; Commons; Community-based fisheries; Cooperatives; Environmental certification; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Fogo Island  Newfoundland and Labrador  Canada; Governance; Marine Stewardship Council; MSC; Northern shrimp; Privatization; Property rights; Spiny lobster; Sustainable.
Ano: 2014

Delivering the Goods: Scaling out Results of Natural Resource Management Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harrington, Larry; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); l.harrington@cgiar.org; White, Jeffrey; ; j.white@cgiar.org; Grace, Peter; Sinclair Knight Merz, Brisbane, Australia; pgrace@skm.com.au; Hodson, David; ; d.hodson@cgiar.org; Hartkamp, Agnes Dewi; Product Organisation Grains, Seeds and Pulses, The Hague, Netherlands; d.hartkamp@wisint.org; Vaughan, Christopher; CO MET Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Namibia; kit@africaonline.com.na; Meisner, Craig; ; cmeisner@bttb.net.bd.
To help integrated natural resource management (INRM) research "deliver the goods" for many of the world's poor over a large area and in a timely manner, the authors suggest a problem-solving approach that facilitates the scaling out of relevant agricultural practices. They propose seven ways to foster scaling out: (1) develop more attractive practices and technologies through participatory research (2) balance supply-driven approaches with resource user demands, (3) use feedback to redefine the research agenda, (4) encourage support groups and networks for information sharing, (5) facilitate negotiation among stakeholders, (6) inform policy change and institutional development, and (7) make sensible use of information management tools, including models...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mexico; South Asia; Southern Africa; Conservation tillage; Diffusion of research; Environments; Geographic information systems; Natural resource management; Participatory research; Scaling out; Simulation models; Technology transfer.
Ano: 2001

Environmental and Social Impacts of Oil Palm Plantations and their Implications for Biofuel Production in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Obidzinski, Krystof ; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); kobidzinski@cgiar.org; Andriani, Rubeta ; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ; r.andriani@cgiar.org; Komarudin, Heru; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ; h.komarudin@cgiar.org; Andrianto, Agus ; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ; a.andrianto@cgiar.org.
This paper reviews the development of oil palm with linkages to biofuel in Indonesia and analyzes the associated environmental and socioeconomic impacts. We selected three plantation study sites in West Papua (Manokwari), West Kalimantan (Kubu Raya), and Papua (Boven Digoel) to assess the impacts. Research findings indicate that the development of oil palm in all three sites has caused deforestation, resulting in significant secondary external impacts such as water pollution, soil erosion, and air pollution. In terms of social impacts, many stakeholder groups, i.e., employees, out-growers, and investing households, report significant gains. However, we found these benefits were not evenly distributed. Other stakeholders, particularly traditional...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental impacts; Oil palm; Socioeconomic benefits.
Ano: 2012

The Unexpected Result Is Not Always a Failure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fink, Ron; Global Fisheries Consultants Limited; ronfink@home.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Enhancing the Ostrom social-ecological system framework through formalization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum; hinkel@globalclimateforum.org; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl.
Frameworks play an important role in analyzing social-ecological systems (SESs) because they provide shared concepts and variables that enable comparison between and accumulation of knowledge across multiple cases. One prominent SES framework focusing on local resource use has been developed by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues. This framework is an extensive multi-tier collection of concepts and variables that have demonstrated relevance for explaining outcomes in a large number of case studies in the context of fishery, water, and forestry common-pool resources. The further development of this framework has raised a number of issues related to the formal relationships between the large number of concepts and variables involved. In particular, issues...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Formalization; Framework; Ontology; SES; Social-ecological system; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2014

Modeling and Prediction of Future Urban Growth in the Charleston Region of South Carolina: a GIS-based Integrated Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Jeffery; Clemson University; jeff@strom.clemson.edu; Lu, Kang; Clemson University; klu@strom.clemson.edu.
The complexity of urban systems makes it difficult to adequately address their changes using a model based on a single approach. In this research, we developed a GIS-based integrated approach to modeling and prediction of urban growth in terms of land use change. The model was built upon a binomial logistic framework, coupled with a rule-based suitability module and focus group involvement, and is designed to predict land transition probabilities and simulate urban growth under different scenarios. The model was calibrated in the Charleston region of South Carolina through a GIS-facilitated participatory process involving both statistical assessment and human evaluation. The model achieved high overall success rates, although its predictive power varied...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Charleston; Focus group; Geographic information system; Land use prediction; Logistic regression model; Rule-based model; Urban growth modeling.
Ano: 2003

A Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment: Involving Stakeholders in European Policy Making, a Case Study of Land Use Change in Malta
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morris, Jake Breton; Forest Research; jake.morris@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Tassone, Valentina; Wageningen University; Valentina.Tassone@wur.nl; de Groot, Rudolf; Wageningen University; Dolf.deGroot@wur.nl; Camilleri, Marguerite; Malta Environment &amp; Planning Authority; Marguerite.Camilleri@mepa.org.mt; Moncada, Stefano; University of Malta; stefano.moncada@um.edu.mt.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: European policy making; Land use change; Malta; Participatory impact assessment; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2011

Disentangling trade-offs and synergies around ecosystem services with the influence network framework: illustration from a consultative process over the French Alps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turkelboom, Francis; Research Group Nature and Society, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Belgium; Francis.Turkelboom@inbo.be.
An important aspect of sustainability is to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning while improving human well-being. For this, the ecosystem service (ES) approach has the potential to bridge the still existing gap between ecological management and social development, especially by focusing on trade-offs and synergies between ES and between their beneficiaries. Several frameworks have been proposed to account for trade-offs and synergies between ES, and between ES and other components of social-ecological systems. However, to date, insufficient explicit attention has been paid to the three facets encompassed in the ES concept, namely potential supply, demand, and use, leading to incomplete descriptions of ES interactions. We expand on previous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-sectoral stakeholder consultation; Ecosystem service potential supply  demand  and use; French Alps; Influence networks; Trade-offs and synergies.
Ano: 2016

Sensitivity of the Colorado Plateau to Change: Climate, Ecosystems, and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schwinning, Susan; ; schwinn@txstate.edu; Belnap, Jayne; U.S. Geological Survey; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; Bowling, David R; University of Utah; bowling@biology.utah.edu; Ehleringer, James R; University of Utah; ehleringer@biology.utah.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biological crust; Climate change; Megadrought; Ranching.
Ano: 2008

Synchronized peak-rate years of global resources use
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Seppelt, Ralf; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology; iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Institute of Geoscience &amp; Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; ralf.seppelt@ufz.de; Manceur, Ameur M.; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology; ameur.manceur@ufz.de; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu; Fenichel, Eli P.; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University; eli.fenichel@yale.edu; Klotz, Stefan; UFZ  - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology; iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Stefan.Klotz@ufz.de.
Many separate studies have estimated the year of peak, or maximum, rate of using an individual resource such as oil. However, no study has estimated the year of peak rate for multiple resources and investigated the relationships among them. We exploit time series on the appropriation of 27 global renewable and nonrenewable resources. We found 21 resources experienced a peak-rate year, and for 20 resources the peak-rate years occurred between 1960-2010, a narrow time window in the long human history. Whereas 4 of 7 nonrenewable resources show no peak-rate year, conversion to cropland and 18 of the 20 renewable resources have passed their peak rate of appropriation. To test the hypothesis that peak-rate years are synchronized, i.e., occur at approximately...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Limits to growth; Peak-rate year; Synchrony.
Ano: 2014

Lack of Agreement on Fragmentation Metrics Blurs Correspondence between Fragmentation Experiments and Predicted Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bogaert, Jan; University of Antwerp; jan.bogaert@ua.ac.be.
The direct correspondence between landscape fragmentation and its effects is still the subject of debate. Many widely accepted hypotheses are not supported by experiments. The issue of fragmentation measurement is addressed here. To predict the effects of fragmentation, it is essential to quantify the pattern of fragmentation. Despite the increased use of spatial analysis and available measures, experts have not yet reached an agreement on how to measure patterns of fragmented landscapes and, thus, unambiguous translation of experimental findings into conservation or management guidelines is hampered.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragmentation; Landscape metric; Spatial pattern.
Ano: 2003

Scale Mismatches in Management of Urban Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University, Department of Systems Ecology; thomase@ecology.su.se; Angelstam, Per; School of Forest Engineers, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; per.angelstam@smsk.slu.se; Alfsen-Norodom, Christine; Columbia University/UNESCO Joint Program on Biosphere and Society; alfsen-norodom@un.org.
Urban landscapes constitute the future environment for most of the world&amp;#8217;s human population. An increased understanding of the urbanization process and of the effects of urbanization at multiple scales is, therefore, key to ensuring human well-being. In many conventional natural resource management regimes, incomplete knowledge of ecosystem dynamics and institutional constraints often leads to institutional management frameworks that do not match the scale of ecological patterns and processes. In this paper, we argue that scale mismatches are particularly pronounced in urban landscapes. Urban green spaces provide numerous important ecosystem services to urban citizens, and the management of these urban green spaces, including recognition of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Management; Scale mismatch; Urban landscapes.
Ano: 2006

ARDI: A Co-construction Method for Participatory Modeling in Natural Resources Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Etienne, Michel; INRA-Ecodevelopment Unit; etienne@avignon.inra.fr; Du Toit, Derick R; AWARD; derick@award.org.za; Pollard, Sharon; AWARD; sharon@award.org.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-construction; Collective mental model; Conceptual model; Facilitation; Natural resources management; Participatory modeling.
Ano: 2011

Landscape-scale Approaches for Integrated Natural Resource Management in Tropical Forest Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frost, Peter; Center for International Forestry Research; p.frost@cgiar.org; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research; bruce.campbell@cdu.edu.au; Medina, Gabriel; Center for International Forestry Research; gabriel.medina@waldbau.uni freiburg.de; Usongo, Leonard; World Wide Fund for Nature; lusongo@wwfcarpo.org.
Integrated natural resource management (INRM) helps resource users, managers, and others to manage resources sustainably by considering, reconciling, and synergizing their various interests and activities. Although many social and environmental problems have to be tackled at a range of scales to be resolved successfully, INRM has particular relevance at the landscape level at which the interests of local people first intersect those of the outside world. We propose eight guidelines for building successful INRM programs: focus on multiscale analysis and intervention; develop partnerships and engage in action research; facilitate change rather than dictating it; promote visioning and the development of scenarios; recognize the importance of local knowledge;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Action research; Brazil; Cameroon; Collaboration; Extractive reserves; Integrated natural resource management; Kalimantan; Multiscale analysis; Multiple stakeholders; Tropical forest landscapes.
Ano: 2006

Engaging Local Communities in Low Emissions Land-Use Planning: a Case Study from Laos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hett, Cornelia; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE); Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; Cornelia.hett@cde.unibe.ch; Heinimann, Andreas; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE); Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; Andreas.Heinimann@cde.unibe.ch.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon tenure; Equity; Laos; Participatory land-use planning; REDD+.
Ano: 2013

Preferences of Local People for the Use of Peatlands: the Case of the Richest Peatland Region in Finland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tolvanen, Anne; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finland; Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland; anne.tolvanen@metla.fi; Juutinen, Artti; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finland; Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Economics, University of Oulu, Finland; artti.juutinen@metla.fi; Svento, Rauli; Department of Economics, University of Oulu, Finland; rauli.svento@oulu.fi.
We analyze the potential for socioeconomically sustainable peatland use by investigating conflicting interests, revealing trade-offs that people are willing to accept, and studying whether opinions are dependent on socioeconomic and demographic factors. Opinions toward five forms of peatland use and seven peatland ecosystem services were surveyed in Northern Ostrobothnia in northern Finland in 2011. Choice experiment (CE) was used to reveal trade-offs in land use preferences, and groups of respondents were identified using the latent class model (LCM). We identified three classes of respondents in which environmentalists showed a high preference toward the cessation of peat production and increase of peatland restoration, the production-oriented class...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Conflict management; Ecosystem services; Land use management.
Ano: 2013

The politics of establishing catchment management agencies in South Africa: the case of the Breede-Overberg Catchment Management Agency
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meissner, Richard; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal; RMeissner@csir.co.za; Funke, Nikki; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; nfunke@csir.co.za; Nortje, Karen; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; knortje@csir.co.za.
We reflect on the politics of establishing catchment management agencies in South Africa with a specific focus on the Breede-Overberg Catchment Management Agency (BOCMA), which was recently replaced by the Breede-Gouritz Catchment Management Agency (BGCMA). We do so by applying the framework of adaptive comanagement and its institutional prescriptions: collaboration, experimentation, and a bioregional approach. We start by introducing the history of this catchment management agency (CMA) and then describe the establishment of CMAs in South Africa in general and that of BOCMA in particular. We follow the framework for rule types and types of river basin organizations set out by the editors of this special feature with reference to adaptive comanagement...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Breede-Gouritz Catchment Management Agency; Breede-Overberg Catchment Management Agency; Catchment management agency; River basin organization; South Africa.
Ano: 2016

Exploring Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems Through Comparative Studies and Theory Development:  Introduction to the Special Issue
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian H; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; Marty.Anderies@asu.edu; Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; kinzig@asu.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; paul.ryan@csiro.au.
This special issue of Ecology and Society on exploring resilience in social-ecological systems draws together insights from comparisons of 15 case studies conducted during two Resilience Alliance workshops in 2003 and 2004. As such, it represents our current understanding of resilience theory and the issues encountered in our attempts to apply it.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Theory; Resilience application; Resilience synthesis; Resilience case studies.
Ano: 2006

Public Health and Epidemiological Considerations For Avian Influenza Risk Mapping and Risk Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dudley, Joseph P.; Joseph P. Dudley, Chief Scientist, Science Applications International Corporation, Modeling and Analysis Division; Research Associate, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks and Department of Earth Science-University of Alaska Museum; joseph.p.dudley@saic.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Biosecurity; Epidemiology; Geographic distribution; Health; Risk assessment; Risk mapping.
Ano: 2008

Disaster Preparation and Recovery:  Lessons from Research on Resilience in Human Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Masten, Ann S; University of Minnesota; amasten@umn.edu; Obradovi&amp;#263;, Jelena; University of British Columbia; jelena.obradovic@ubc.ca.
Four decades of theory and research on resilience in human development have yielded informative lessons for planning disaster response and recovery. In developmental theory, resilience following disaster could take multiple forms, including stress resistance, recovery, and positive transformation. Empirical findings suggest that fundamental adaptive systems play a key role in the resilience of young people facing diverse threats, including attachment, agency, intelligence, behavior regulation systems, and social interactions with family, peers, school, and community systems. Although human resilience research emphasizes the adaptive well-being of particular individuals, there are striking parallels in resilience theory across the developmental and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Disaster; Human development; Children; Recovery.
Ano: 2008

Temporal constraints on ecosystem management: definitions and examples from Europe&amp;#8217;s regional seas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O\\\'Higgins@sams.ac.uk; Cooper, Philip; School of Management, University of Bath; p.cooper@bath.ac.uk; Roth, Eva; Southern Denmark University; er@sam.sdu.dk; Newton, Alice; Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU); anewton@ualg.pt; Farmer, Andrew; Institute for European Environmental Policy; AFarmer@ieep.eu; Goulding, Ian C; Megapesca Lda.; ian@megapesca.com; Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; paul.tett@sams.ac.uk.
Our ability to meet environmental targets is often constrained by processes and events that occur over long timescales and which may not be considered during the planning process. We illustrate with examples and define three major types of temporal scale phenomena of relevance to marine managers: Memory and Future Effects (jointly called Legacy Effects) and Committed Behaviors. We examine the role of these effects in achieving marine environmental targets in Europe under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the implications for future management, indicating the increased importance that these temporal phenomena give to reducing future pressures.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecosystem approach; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Temporal scales.
Ano: 2014

Advocacy, Science, Policy, and Life in the Real World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baskerville, Gordon; ; basker@unixg.ubc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Acceptance, Rejection, and the Tightening Feedback Loop
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Global-Scale Patterns of Forest Fragmentation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James D; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wickham.james@epa.gov; O'Neill, Robert; ; eoneill@attglobal.net; Jones, K. Bruce; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; jones.bruce@epa.gov; Smith, Elizabeth; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; smith.betsy@epa.gov.
We report an analysis of forest fragmentation based on 1-km resolution land-cover maps for the globe. Measurements in analysis windows from 81 km 2 (9 x 9 pixels, &amp;#8220;small&amp;#8221; scale) to 59,049 km 2 (243 x 243 pixels, &amp;#8220;large&amp;#8221; scale) were used to characterize the fragmentation around each forested pixel. We identified six categories of fragmentation (interior, perforated, edge, transitional, patch, and undetermined) from the amount of forest and its occurrence as adjacent forest pixels. Interior forest exists only at relatively small scales; at larger scales, forests are dominated by edge and patch conditions. At the smallest scale, there were significant differences in fragmentation among continents; within continents,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biogeography; Edge effect; Forest fragmentation; Geographic information systems; Global patterns; Land-cover map; Landscape ecology; Modeling; Perforated forest; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Spatial pattern.
Ano: 2000

Landscape Change in the Southern Piedmont: Challenges, Solutions, and Uncertainty Across Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Conroy, Michael J; USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; conroy@forestry.uga.edu; Allen, Craig; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Peterson, James T; USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit;; Pritchard, Lowell, Jr.; Emory University; lpritc2@emory.edu; Moore, Clinton T; ;.
The southern Piedmont of the southeastern United States epitomizes the complex and seemingly intractable problems and hard decisions that result from uncontrolled urban and suburban sprawl. Here we consider three recurrent themes in complicated problems involving complex systems: (1) scale dependencies and cross-scale, often nonlinear relationships;     (2) resilience, in particular the potential for complex systems to move to alternate stable states with decreased ecological and/or economic value; and (3) uncertainty in the ability to understand and predict outcomes, perhaps particularly those that occur as a result of human impacts. We consider these issues in the context of landscape-level decision making, using as an example water resources and lotic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Piedmont; Adaptive management; Land use; Model; Resilience; Scale; Sprawl; Uncertainty; Urbanization; Water resources.
Ano: 2003

Tricky Times
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University, USA; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2011

Who Benefits from Recreational Use of Protected Areas?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Booth, Josephine E; Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield; Sheffield Hallam University; Josephine.booth@shu.ac.uk; Gaston, Kevin J; Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield; k.j.gaston@sheffield.ac.uk; Armsworth, Paul R; Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield; University of Tennessee; p.armsworth@utk.edu.
Public support for protected areas depends, in part, upon clear demonstrations of the importance of the ecosystem services provided by these areas. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the value of protected areas in providing these services, and even less work has assessed how equitably these benefits are distributed across society. We used on-site surveys to characterize people who derived recreational benefit from a set of areas in the United Kingdom that were originally protected for their conservation value. We found that an unrepresentative subset of society enjoyed this benefit. Site visitor populations were biased towards older people and men, and minority groups were starkly underrepresented, comprising only 1% of overall...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Protected areas; Recreation; Recreational benefits; Sites of Special Scientific Interest; SSSI; Social inclusion; Surveys.
Ano: 2010

Building local institutions for national conservation programs: lessons for developing Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) programs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Collen, Wain; International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Lund University; PlanJunto; wain.collen@planjunto.ec; Krause, Torsten; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; torsten.krause@lucsus.lu.se; Mundaca, Luis; International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Lund University; luis.mundaca@iiiee.lu.se; Nicholas, Kimberly A.; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; kimberly.nicholas.academic@gmail.com.
For programs that aim to promote forest conservation and poverty alleviation, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), the participation of indigenous communities is essential to meet program goals. Using Ostrom's theory of collective action for common pool resource management, we evaluated the institutions governing indigenous participation in the Programa Socio Bosque incentive-based conservation program in Ecuador. We conducted structured interviews with 94 members in 4 communities to assess community institutions for 6 of Ostrom's principles, using 12 measures we developed for the principles. We found substantial variation between communities in terms of their institutional performance. The best-performing community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Common pool resource (CPR); Forest governance; Forest policy; Socio Bosque.
Ano: 2016

Accelerating Deforestation in the Congo Basin Can Pose Climate Risks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baidya Roy, Somnath; Duke University; sbroy@duke.edu; Walsh, Peter D; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Primatology; walsh@eva.mpg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Climate change; Conversion to grassland; Deforestation; Logging.
Ano: 2005

Mechanisms to Improve Integrative Research at the Science-Policy Interface for Sustainable Catchment Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Macleod, Christopher (Kit) J.  A.; North Wyke Research, Devon, UK; kit.macleod@bbsrc.ac.uk; Blackstock, Kirsty L.; ;; Haygarth, Phil M.; ;.
Greater integration between researchers and policy makers is required to provide an evidence base that is transparent, integrated, and adaptive to support the complexities of sustainable catchment management. Opening-up and closing-down mechanisms are equally important in creating and establishing such an evidence base. We provide examples of both types based on our recent research and knowledge-transfer activities at the science-policy interface. Through our coordination role for the United Kingdom government we provide opening up physical and virtual forums for researchers and government science and policy staff to learn about and assess the gaps and uncertainties of the evidence base. Closing-down mechanisms are vital to policy cycles, in that they...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Catchment; Diffuse pollution; Evidence base; Integrative; Science-policy; UK.
Ano: 2008

Art and artistic processes bridge knowledge systems about social-ecological change: An empirical examination with Inuit artists from Nunavut, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rathwell, Kaitlyn J; Environmental Change and Governance Group, University of Waterloo; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; kaitlyn.rathwell@gmail.com; Armitage, Derek; Environmental Change and Governance Group, University of Waterloo; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca.
The role of art and artistic processes is one fruitful yet underexplored area of social-ecological resilience. Art and art making can nurture Indigenous knowledge and at the same time bridge knowledge across generations and cultures (e.g., Inuit and scientific). Experiences in two Inuit communities in northern Canada (Cape Dorset and Pangnirtung, Nunavut) provide the context in which we empirically examine the mechanisms through which art and art making may bridge knowledge systems about social-ecological change. Art making and artworks create continuity between generations via symbols and skill development (e.g., seal skin stretching for a modern artistic mural) and by creating mobile and adaptive boundary objects that function as a shared reference point...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Art; Bridging knowledge systems; Knowledge integration; Knowledge systems; Resilience; Social-ecological change; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2016

Information and entropy theory for the sustainability of coupled human and natural systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mayer, Audrey L.; Michigan Technological University; almayer@mtu.edu; Donovan, Richard P.; University of California at Irvine; rpdonova@uci.edu; Pawlowski, Christopher W.; AECOM; cw_pawlowski@yahoo.com.
For coupled human and natural systems (CHANS), sustainability can be defined operationally as a feasible, desirable set of flows (material, currency, information, energy, individuals, etc.) that can be maintained despite internal changes and changes in the environment. Sustainable development can be defined as the process by which CHANS can be moved toward sustainability. Specific indicators that give insight into the structure and behavior of feedbacks in CHANS are of particular interest because they would aid in the sustainable management of these systems through an understanding of the structures that govern system behavior. However, the use of specific feedbacks as monitoring tools is rare, possibly because of uncertainties regarding the nature of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Feedbacks; Information theory; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

Interrogating resilience: toward a typology to improve its operationalization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson, Julie L.; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Julie.Davidson@utas.edu.au; Jacobson, Chris; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; cjacobso@usc.edu.au; Lyth, Anna; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Anna.Lyth@utas.edu.au; Dedekorkut-Howes, Aysin; Griffith School of Environment &amp; Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; a.dedekorkut@griffith.edu.au; Baldwin, Claudia L.; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; CBaldwin@usc.edu.au; Ellison, Joanna C.; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Joanna.Ellison@utas.edu.au; Holbrook, Neil J.; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; neil.holbrook@utas.edu.au; Howes, Michael J.; Griffith School of Environment &amp; Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; m.howes@griffith.edu.au; Serrao-Neumann, Silvia; Griffith School of Environment &amp; Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; s.serrao-neumann@griffith.edu.au; Singh-Peterson, Lila; Australian Centre for Pacific Island Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; lsinghpe@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F.; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; tim.smith@usc.edu.au.
In the context of accelerated global change, the concept of resilience, with its roots in ecological theory and complex adaptive systems, has emerged as the favored framework for understanding and responding to the dynamics of change. Its transfer from ecological to social contexts, however, has led to the concept being interpreted in multiple ways across numerous disciplines causing significant challenges for its practical application. The aim of this paper is to improve conceptual clarity within resilience thinking so that resilience can be interpreted and articulated in ways that enhance its utility and explanatory power, not only theoretically but also operationally. We argue that the current confusion and ambiguity within resilience thinking is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Complex adaptive systems; Conceptual clarity; Policy making; Resilience; Typology.
Ano: 2016

Resilience and Higher Order Thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fazey, Ioan; School of Geography and Geosciences; ioan.fazey@st-andrews.ac.uk.
To appreciate, understand, and tackle chronic global social and environmental problems, greater appreciation of the importance of higher order thinking is required. Such thinking includes personal epistemological beliefs (PEBs), i.e., the beliefs people hold about the nature of knowledge and how something is known. These beliefs have profound implications for the way individuals relate to each other and the world, such as how people understand complex social-ecological systems. Resilience thinking is an approach to environmental stewardship that includes a number of interrelated concepts and has strong foundations in systemic ways of thinking. This paper (1) summarizes a review of educational psychology literature on PEBs, (2) explains why resilience...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Education for sustainability; Epistemology; Higher order thinking; Personal epistemological beliefs (PEBs); Resilience; Resilience thinking; Systems thinking; Teaching.
Ano: 2010

Wild meat consumption on S&amp;#227;o Tom&amp;#233; Island, West Africa: implications for conservation and local livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rego, Francisco; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada 'Prof. Baeta Neves', Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal; fcastrorego3@gmail.com; Fa, John E.; Manchester Metropolitan University; CIFOR; jfa949@gmail.com.
The importance of wild meats for rural people is well documented in tropical forests worldwide. However, the case of oceanic islands remains relatively poorly studied. We assess the contribution made by wild meats to the diets of rural inhabitants in the Island of S&amp;#227;o Tom&amp;#233;, characterize the relative importance of native and introduced fauna, and discuss the implications of wild meat consumption on rural livelihoods and on the conservation of the resident fauna. Using semistructured interviews, we assessed animal protein consumption in 10 communities (716 household-weeks), around the vicinity of the island&amp;#8217;s main protected area, Ob&amp;#244; Natural Park. Fish and the introduced West African giant snail (Archachatina marginata)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Bushmeat; Islands; Protein intake; Rural demand; Wealth.
Ano: 2015

Priorities for Priorities: Where to Locate the First FLONAs?
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Double coupling: modeling subjectivity and asymmetric organization in social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Manuel-Navarrete, David; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; davidmn@asu.edu.
Social-ecological organization is a multidimensional phenomenon that combines material and symbolic processes. However, the coupling between social and ecological subsystem is often conceptualized as purely material, thus reducing the symbolic dimension to its behavioral and actionable expressions. In this paper I conceptualize social-ecological systems as doubly coupled. On the one hand, material expressions of socio-cultural processes affect and are affected by ecological dynamics. On the other hand, coupled social-ecological material dynamics are concurrently coupled with subjective dynamics via coding, decoding, personal experience, and human agency. This second coupling operates across two organizationally heterogeneous dimensions: material and...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Congruence; Conscious power; Coupled nature-human systems; Social-ecological organization; Subjectivity; Sustainability.
Ano: 2015

Grasshopper Population Ecology: Catastrophe, Criticality, and Critique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lockwood, Dale R; Colorado State University; dale.lockwood@colostate.edu; Lockwood, Jeffrey A; University of Wyoming;.
Grasshopper population dynamics are an important part of the North American rangeland ecosystem and an important factor in the economies that derive from the rangeland. Outbreak dynamics have plagued management strategies in the rangeland, and attempts to find simple, linear and mechanistic solutions to both understanding and predicting the dynamics have proved fruitless. These efforts to ground theory in a correspondence with the &amp;#8220;real&amp;#8221; world, including whether the population dynamics are ultimately density dependent or density independent, have generated abundant heat but little light. We suggest that a pragmatic approach, in which theories are taken to be &amp;#8220;tools&amp;#8221; rather than competing claims of truth, has greater...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catastrophe theory; Complexity science; Grasshoppers; Models; Pest management; Population dynamics; Rangeland ecosystem; Self-organized criticality.
Ano: 2008

Social roles and performance of social-ecological systems: evidence from behavioral lab experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Perez, Irene; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; iperezib@asu.edu; Yu, David J; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; davidjae@asu.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Anderies, John M; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu.
Social roles are thought to play an important role in determining the capacity for collective action in a community regarding the use of shared resources. Here we report on the results of a study using a behavioral experimental approach regarding the relationship between social roles and the performance of social-ecological systems. The computer-based irrigation experiment that was the basis of this study mimics the decisions faced by farmers in small-scale irrigation systems. In each of 20 rounds, which are analogous to growing seasons, participants face a two-stage commons dilemma. First they must decide how much to invest in the public infrastructure, e.g., canals and water diversion structures. Second, they must decide how much to extract from the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavioral experiments; Communication; Irrigation systems; Lab experiments; Qualitative comparative analysis; Social-ecological networks; Social-ecological systems; Social roles.
Ano: 2015

Resource degradation, marginalization, and poverty in small-scale fisheries: threats to social-ecological resilience in India and Brazil
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nayak, Prateep K.; Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo; pnayak@uwaterloo.ca; Oliveira, Luiz E.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; oliveira_lec@yahoo.com.br; Berkes, Fikret; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; Fikret.Berkes@ad.umanitoba.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Degradation; Disempowerment; Exclusion; Exploitation; Fisheries; Human-environment disconnect; Identity; Impoverishment; India; Marginalization; Poverty; Resilience; Small-scale fishery; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014

Homeowner Associations as a Vehicle for Promoting Native Urban Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lerman, Susannah B; The Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts; slerman@cns.umass.edu; Turner, Victoria Kelly; School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University; vkturner@asu.edu; Bang, Christofer; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; christofer.bang@gmail.com.
The loss of habitat due to suburban and urban development represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Conservation developments have emerged as a key player for reconciling new ex-urban residential development with ecosystem services. However, as more than half of the world population lives in urban and suburban developments, identifying conservation partners to facilitate retrofitting existing residential neighborhoods becomes paramount. Homeowner associations (HOA) manage a significant proportion of residential developments in the United States, which includes the landscape design for yards and gardens. These areas have the potential to mitigate the loss of urban biodiversity when they provide habitat for native wildlife. Therefore, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CAP LTER; Conservation development; Homeowner associations; Residential landscapes; Sustainable Sites Initiative; Urban biodiversity.
Ano: 2012

Social benefits of restoring historical ecosystems and fisheries: alewives in Maine
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McClenachan, Loren; Colby College; loren.mcclenachan@gmail.com; Lovell, Samantha; Colby College; sclovell@colby.edu; Keaveney, Caroline; Colby College; cekeaven@colby.edu.
Restoration of coastal ecosystems provides opportunities to simultaneously restore historical fisheries and ancillary ecosystem and social benefits that were historically derived from functioning ecosystems. In Maine, dam removal and other ecosystem restoration efforts have positively impacted anadromous fish, with local populations of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) rapidly recovering to near historical population abundances in some locations. This research investigates the social benefits conferred by the restoration of habitat connectivity, fish populations, and local small-scale fisheries. Using municipal fisheries data and interviews with stakeholders in coastal Maine, it describes a suite of both direct and indirect benefits: a reversal of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem restoration; Historical ecology; New conservation; Resilience; Shifting baselines; Small-scale fisheries; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Ecologically sustainable but unjust? Negotiating equity and authority in common-pool marine resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Klain, Sarah C; University of British Columbia; s.klain.ubc@gmail.com; Beveridge, Rachelle; University of Victoria; rachelle.beveridge@gmail.com; Bennett, Nathan J; Univeristy of British Columbia; Visiting Research Fellow at University of Victoria; nathan.bennett@ubc.ca.
Under appropriate conditions, community-based fisheries management can support sound resource stewardship, with positive social and environmental outcomes. Evaluating indigenous peoples&amp;#8217; involvement in commercial sea cucumber and geoduck fisheries on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada, we found that the current social-ecological system configuration is relatively ecologically sustainable according to stock assessments. However, the current system also results in perceived inequities in decision-making processes, harvesting allocations, and socioeconomic benefits. As a result, local coastal resource managers envision a transformation of sea cucumber and geoduck fisheries governance and management institutions. We assessed the potential...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benthic fisheries; Common-pool resources; CPR design principles; Environmental governance; Indigenous or aboriginal peoples; Resource management; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological system framework.
Ano: 2014

Local Management Practices for Dealing with Change and Uncertainty: A Cross-scale Comparison of Cases in Sweden and Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Belfrage, Kristina; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Kristina.Belfrage@lbutv.slu.se.
We investigated and compared management practices for dealing with uncertainty in agroecosystem dynamics in two cases of smallholder farming in different parts of the world: northeast Tanzania and east-central Sweden. Qualitative research methods were applied to map farmers' practices related to agroecosystem management. The practices are clustered according to a framework of ecosystem services relevant for agricultural production and discussed using a theoretical model of ecosystem dynamics. Almost half of the identified practices were found to be similar in both cases, with similar approaches for adjusting to and dealing with local variability and disturbance. Practices that embraced the ecological roles of wild as well as domesticated flora and fauna...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mbulu highlands; Roslagen; Sweden; Tanzania; Agroecosystem; Biodiversity; Bioindicators; Local ecological knowledge; Management practices; Resilience; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2004

Can Properties of Labor-Exchange Networks Explain the Resilience of Swidden Agriculture?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Downey, Sean S.; Stanford University; ssdowney@stanford.edu.
Despite the fact that swidden agriculture has been the subject of decades of research, questions remain about the extent to which it is constrained by demographic growth and if it can adapt to environmental limits. Here, social network analysis is used to analyze farmer labor-exchange networks within a chronosequence of five Q&amp;#8217;eqchi&amp;#8217; Maya villages where swidden agriculture is used. Results suggest that changes in land-use patterns, network structure, reciprocity rates, and levels of network hierarchy may increase the resilience of these villages to changes in the forest&amp;#8217;s agricultural productivity caused by ongoing agricultural activity. I analyze the suitability of subsistence- versus market-oriented agricultural labor for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Common-property resource management; Labor exchange; Maya; Panarchy; Q&amp;#8217; Eqchi&amp;#8217; Resilience; Social network analysis; Swidden.
Ano: 2010

Social success of in-stream habitat improvement: from fisheries enhancement to the delivery of multiple ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marttila, Maare; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources; University of Oulu, Department of Ecology; maare.marttila@luke.fi; Karjalainen, Timo P; University of Oulu, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Group; timo.p.karjalainen@oulu.fi.
Stream restoration often aims to enhance fisheries by improving stream conditions for target fish species. However, river restoration has a potential impact on a variety of ecosystem services. Among stakeholders, the emerging expectations about restoration attain different priorities. How well these expectations are met influences social perceptions of success or failure. Although public support for restoration is known to have a significant impact on the sustainability and overall success of restoration, social aspects are rarely considered in this context. To address these issues, we conducted a questionnaire study among the residents and fishermen of three recently restored rivers in Finland. Results indicate that both user groups highly supported the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benefits; Cultural value; Evaluation; Perception surveys; Public satisfaction; Restoration; River.
Ano: 2016

Socioeconomic Concerns
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grist, Natasha; University of East Anglia; n.grist@uea.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Range of Variability in Southern Coastal Plain Forests: Its Historical, Contemporary, and Future Role in Sustaining Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mitchell, Robert J.; Jones Ecological Research Center; Robert.Mitchell@jonesctr.org; Duncan, Sally L.; Oregon State University; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu.
Historical range of variation (HRV) has been used as a conceptual tool to determine appropriate management actions to sustain or restore diversity of ecological systems. This concept has come into question for both biological and social considerations, and the southeastern United States is a good model system to test its utility. Southeastern Coastal Plain upland pine savannas and woodlands and their associated wetlands are among the most diverse communities in temperate North America, having both high levels of species richness and large numbers of endemic flora and fauna. However, this diversity is intimately linked with disturbance regimes. Maintaining frequent fire, varied in season based on changing management objectives through time, is the most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbances; Fire regimes; Historical  social  and future ranges of variability; Legacies; Rareness; Social acceptability; Species richness.
Ano: 2009

Is There Potential for the Historical Range of Variability to Guide Conservation Given the Social Range of Variability?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thompson, Jonathan R; Harvard University; Oregon State University; jthomps@fas.harvard.edu; Duncan, Sally L.; Oregon State University; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu; Johnson, K. Norman; Oregon State University; norm.johnson@oregonstate.edu.
Using the historical range of forest conditions as a reference for managing landscapes has been proposed as a coarse-filter approach to biodiversity conservation. By emulating historical disturbance processes, it is thought that forest management can produce forest composition and structure similar to the conditions that once supported the native biota. A recent project was designed to integrate social and ecological findings to investigate the important relationships between the state of ecological understanding of a region, the state of the region&amp;#8217;s biodiversity, and the state of the region&amp;#8217;s social understanding of how it might be managed for biodiversity conservation into the future. The project relied on established concepts of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Future range of variability; Historical range of variability; Social acceptance; Social range of variability.
Ano: 2009

Ride, shoot, and call: wildlife use among contemporary urban hunters  in Tr&amp;#234;s Fronteiras,  Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Jonhson Neves de Aquino, Lindon; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; lj.aquino@bol.com.br; Ribeiro, Rairon; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto Natureza e Cultura; ribeiromae@gmail.com; Fa, John; Center for International Forestry Research; jfa949@gmail.com.
Most bushmeat studies in the Amazon region focus on hunting patterns of indigenous populations in rural settings. Our study describes the existence of urban hunters in medium-sized towns. Using a variety of data collection methods, we describe the main socioeconomic characteristics of urban hunters in Benjamin Constant and Atalaia do Norte, Brazil. We analyze the patterns and motivations of urban hunters as well as the type of prey harvested and quantities traded. All interviewed hunters are caboclos, people of mixed Brazilian indigenous and European origins from rural areas who now live in urban and peri-urban areas. Living in these more populated spaces allows these hunters better market options for their harvest and allows them to alternate hunting with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Bushmeat; Hunting; Subsistence hunting; Tr&amp;#234; S Fronteiras; Urban hunters.
Ano: 2015

Crucial Distinctions: Process and Product
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Assessing Biodiversity from Space: an Example from the Western Ghats, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bawa, Kamaljit; University of Massachusetts; kamal.bawa@umb.edu; Rose, Joseph; ; joesph.rose@umb.edu; Ganeshaiah, K.N.; ; kng@vsnl.com; Barve, Narayani; ; narayani@atree.org; Kiran, M.C.; ; kiran@atree.org; Umashaanker, R.; ; rus@vsnl.com.
We demonstrate for the first time the potential use of satellite imagery to characterize areas of high and low species richness of trees in tropical forests. Our studies, conducted in the Biligiri Rangaswamy hills in the Western Ghats, India, show a high positive correlation between species richness and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is an index of green biomass. We discuss the application of NDVI values for biodiversity assessment and monitoring, as well as for conservation planning. The NDVI is a rough measure of green biomass.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Western Ghats; Species diversity; Tropical deforestation.
Ano: 2002

Creating Agents and Landscapes for Multiagent Systems from Random Samples
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berger, Thomas; University of Hohenheim; 490e@uni-hohenheim.de; Schreinemachers, Pepijn; University of Hohenheim; pepijn@uni-hohenheim.de.
An important goal of modeling human&amp;#8211;environment interactions is to provide scientific information to policymakers and stakeholders in order to better support their planning and decision-making processes. Modern technologies in the fields of GIS and data processing, together with an increasing amount of accessible information, have the potential to meet the varying information needs of policymakers and stakeholders.  Multiagent modeling holds the promise of providing an enhanced collaborative framework in which planners, modelers, and stakeholders may learn and interact. The fulfillment of this promise, however, depends on the empirical parameterization of multiagent models. Although multiagent models have been widely applied in experimental and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common sampling frame; Generation of statistically consistent agent populations; Integrated modeling; Interdisciplinary data collection; Monte Carlo approach; Uganda.
Ano: 2006

Surprise and Opportunity for Learning in Grand Canyon: the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melis, Theodore S; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center; tmelis@usgs.gov; Walters, Carl J; Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Korman, Josh; Ecometric Research Inc.; jkorman@ecometric.com.
With a focus on resources of the Colorado River ecosystem below Glen Canyon Dam, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has included a variety of experimental policy tests, ranging from manipulation of water releases from the dam to removal of non-native fish within Grand Canyon National Park. None of these field-scale experiments has yet produced unambiguous results in terms of management prescriptions. But there has been adaptive learning, mostly from unanticipated or surprising resource responses relative to predictions from ecosystem modeling. Surprise learning opportunities may often be viewed with dismay by some stakeholders who might not be clear about the purpose of science and modeling in adaptive management. However, the experimental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Colorado River; Ecosystem modeling; Glen Canyon Dam; Grand Canyon; High-flow experiments; Humpback chub; Rainbow trout; Surprise learning.
Ano: 2015

Impact of fuel costs on high-latitude subsistence activities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brinkman, Todd; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; tjbrinkman@alaska.edu; Kelly, James; Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments; jkelly@catg.org; Vandyke, Michelle; Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments; mvandyke@catg.org; Firmin, Andrew; Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments;; Springsteen, Anna; Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning, University of Alaska Fairbanks; alspringsteen@alaska.edu.
Most rural residents in Arctic communities rely on motorized transportation to hunt, fish, trap, and gather subsistence resources. Although these technologies have created advantages, one significant disadvantage is that peoples&amp;#8217; ability to meet their nutritional and cultural needs now depends on consistent opportunities for wage employment and availability of affordable fuel. Recent qualitative research suggested that rising fuel prices have disrupted subsistence lifestyles in the Arctic. Our objectives were to collaborate with subsistence users in rural Alaskan communities to quantify how rising fuel costs have impacted subsistence activities and explore ways local residents may adapt to the trajectory of change. We conducted interviews with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Alaska; Gasoline; Interviews; Social resilience; Subsistence.
Ano: 2014

Bridging the Science&amp;#8211;Management Divide: Moving from Unidirectional Knowledge Transfer to Knowledge Interfacing and Sharing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roux, Dirk J; CSIR; droux@csir.co.za; Rogers, Kevin H; University of the Witwatersrand; kevinr@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za; Biggs, Harry C; South African National Parks; Biggs@sanparks.org; Ashton, Peter J; CSIR; pashton@csir.co.za; Sergeant, Anne; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; sergeant.anne@epa.gov.
Sustainable ecosystem management relies on a diverse and multi-faceted knowledge system in which techniques are continuously updated to reflect current understanding and needs.  The challenge is to minimize delay as ideas flow from intent through scientific capability, and finally to implementation to achieve desired outcomes.  The best way to do this is by setting the stage for the flow of knowledge between researchers, policy makers, and resource managers.  The cultural differences between these groups magnify the challenge.  This paper highlights the importance of the tacit dimension of knowledge, and how this renders the concept of knowledge transfer much less useful than the concepts of information transfer and technology transfer. Instead of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Communities of practice; Knowledge interface; Knowledge transfer; Science&amp;#8211; Management divide; R&amp;#38; D programs; Shared understanding; Tacit knowledge.
Ano: 2006

Motivating residents to combat invasive species on private lands: social norms and community reciprocity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Niemiec, Rebecca M; Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University; rniemiec@stanford.edu; Ardoin, Nicole M; Graduate School of Education and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; nmardoin@stanford.edu; Wharton, Candace B; Hawai&amp;#699;i Community College, Hilo; cbwharto@hawaii.edu; Asner, Gregory P; Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science; gpa@carnegiescience.edu.
Invasive species (IS) threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. To achieve landscape-scale reductions in IS and the associated gains for biodiversity, IS control efforts must be expanded across private lands. Enhancing IS control across private lands requires an understanding of the factors that motivate residents to engage or prohibit residents from engaging in efforts to control IS. Drawing from the collective interest model and literature, we sought to understand how a wide range of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and contextual factors might influence resident action around combating the invasive tree albizia (Falcataria moluccana), in the Puna District of Hawai&amp;#699;i. To do so, we used a cross-sectional survey of 243 residents and elastic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based conservation; Conservation; Environmental behavior; Hawai&amp;#699; I; Invasive species; Private lands.
Ano: 2016

Enhancing the Resilience of the Australian National Electricity Market: Taking a Systems Approach in Policy Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newell, Barry; Australian National University Canberra ; barry.newell@anu.edu.au; Marsh, Debborah M; University of Technology Sydney; dmarsh@eng.uts.edu.au; Sharma, Deepak; University of Technology Sydney; Deepak.Sharma@uts.edu.au.
As the complexity and interconnectedness of present-day social-ecological systems become steadily more apparent, there is increasing pressure on governments, policy makers, and managers to take a systems approach to the challenges facing humanity. However, how can this be done in the face of system complexity and uncertainties? In this paper we briefly discuss practical ways that policy makers can take up the systems challenge. We focus on resilience thinking, and the use of influence diagrams, causal-loop diagrams, and system archetypes. As a case study, set in the context of the climate-energy-water nexus, we use some of these system concepts and tools to carry out an initial exploration of factors that can affect the resilience of the Australian...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Australian National Electricity Market; Climate-energy-water nexus; Resilience; System analysis; System dynamics.
Ano: 2011

Governance, Scale and the Environment: The Importance of Recognizing Knowledge Claims in Transdisciplinary Arenas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Buizer, Marleen; Centre of Excellence on Climate Change Woodland and Forest Health; m.buizer@murdoch.edu.au; Arts, Bas; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; bas.arts@wur.nl; Kok, Kasper; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Knowledge claims; Scale  science-policy interface; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2011

Sustainable Land-use Practices in European Mountain Regions under Global Change: an Integrated Research Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL ; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Bugmann, Harald; ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch.
This Special Feature on sustainable land-use practices in European mountain regions presents results from the inter- and transdisciplinary research project MOUNTLAND. The goal was to investigate the sensitivity of the provision of ecosystem services to both climatic and land-use changes and to suggest alternative policies and governance structures for mitigating the impact of such changes and enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. The individual articles provide: (1) new scientific findings regarding the impacts of climate and land-use changes on ecosystem processes in three sensitive mountain regions of Switzerland; (2) an assessment of the feedback effects arising from changing socioeconomic and political conditions, land use,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Experiments; Interdisciplinary research; Land-use change; Management; Modeling; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2013

Linking classroom learning and research to advance ideas about social-ecological resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C.; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; nban@uvic.ca; Boyd, Emily; School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University.; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Cox, Michael; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu; Meek, Chanda L.; Department of Political Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks; clmeek@alaska.edu; Schoon, Michael; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Villamayor-Tomas, Sergio; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; villamayortomas@gmail.com.
There is an increasing demand in higher education institutions for training in complex environmental problems. Such training requires a careful mix of conventional methods and innovative solutions, a task not always easy to accomplish. In this paper we review literature on this theme, highlight relevant advances in the pedagogical literature, and report on some examples resulting from our recent efforts to teach complex environmental issues. The examples range from full credit courses in sustainable development and research methods to project-based and in-class activity units. A consensus from the literature is that lectures are not sufficient to fully engage students in these issues. A conclusion from the review of examples is that problem-based and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Interdisciplinarity; Pedagogy; Problem-based learning; Project-based learning; Social-ecological resilience; Social-ecological systems; Teaching.
Ano: 2015

Ecology, Planning, and River Management in the United States: Some Historical Reflections
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reuss, Martin; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Martin.A.Reuss@HQ02.USACE.ARMY.MIL.
River ecologists are also river-basin planners. However, their role in planning has developed slowly over the decades since the beginning of the 20th century. Three major factors explain this phenomenon. First, ecologists focused on plant and animal communities rather than on  broader policy issues related to land settlement and water development. Second, the federal government, and most state and local governments as well, used mainly economic criteria to justify projects. Intangible benefits, including the value of species or an aesthetically pleasing landscape, drew relatively little attention. Third, the public generally favored development, especially during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Only after World War II did the public's position shift in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: History; Ecology; River basins; Water management; Planning; Benefit-cost analysis; Multiobjective planning; River restoration; Geomorphology.
Ano: 2005

Navigating trade-offs in land-use planning: integrating human well-being into objective setting
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Vanessa M.; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; National Environmental Research Program Northern Australia Hub; v.adams@uq.edu.au; Pressey, Robert L.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; National Environmental Research Program Northern Australia Hub; Bob.pressey@jcu.edu.au; Stoeckl, Natalie; School of Business and Cairns Institute, James Cook University; National Environmental Research Program Northern Australia Hub; natalie.stoeckl@jcu.edu.au.
There is an increasing demand for development of natural resources, which can be accompanied by environmental degradation. Planning for multiple land uses requires navigating trade-offs between social, economic, and environmental outcomes arising from different possible futures. To explore these trade-offs, we use the Daly River catchment, in Australia&amp;#8217;s Northern Territory, as a case study. The catchment contains areas of priority for both conservation and development.  In response to the challenge of navigating the required trade-offs, the Daly River Management Advisory Committee (DRMAC) initiated a land-use plan for the region.  Both development and conservation of natural resources in the catchment will affect human well-being and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Development; Human well-being; Land-use planning; Objective setting; Stakeholder engagement; Systematic conservation planning.
Ano: 2014

Inside the &amp;#8220;Black Box&amp;#8221; of River Restoration: Using Catchment History to Identify Disturbance and Response Mechanisms to Set Targets for Process-Based Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mika, Sarah; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia; sarah.mika@une.edu.au; Hoyle, Joanna; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University;; Kyle, Garreth; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University;; Howell, Timothy; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University;; Wolfenden, Benjamin; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia;; Ryder, Darren; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia; darren.ryder@une.edu.au; Keating, Daniel; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University;; Boulton, Andrew; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia;; Brierley, Gary; School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland;; Brooks, Andrew P; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University;; Fryirs, Kirstie; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University;; Leishman, Michelle; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University;; Sanders, Mark; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University;; Arthington, Angela; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University;; Creese, Robert; NSW Department of Industry and Innovation, Port Stephens Fisheries Centre, Australia;; Dahm, Mark; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia;; Miller, Craig; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University;; Pusey, Brad; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University;; Spink, Alexandra; Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University;.
Many river restoration projects fail. Inadequate project planning underpins many of the reasons given for failure (such as setting overly ambitious goals; selecting inappropriate sites and techniques; losing stakeholder motivation; and neglecting to monitor, assess, and document projects). Another major problem is the lack of an agreed guiding image to direct the activities aimed at restoring the necessary biophysical and ecological processes within the logistic constraints of on-ground works. Despite a rich literature defining the components of restoration project planning, restoration ecology currently lacks an explicit and logical means of moving from the initial project vision through to on-ground strategies. Yet this process is fundamental because it...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catchment history; Complex ecological systems; Conceptual modeling; Disturbance and response mechanisms; Guiding image; Hunter River  Australia; Interdisciplinary research; Process-based restoration; River restoration.
Ano: 2010

Insights and Opportunities Offered by a Rapid Ecosystem Service Assessment in Promoting a Conservation Agenda in an Urban Biodiversity Hotspot
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Pippin  M. L.; African Centre for Cities, Environmental and Geographical Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; pippin.anderson@uct.ac.za; Le Maitre, David C; Natural Resource and the Environment, Stellenbosch, South Africa; DlMaitre@csir.co.za; Holmes, Patricia M; Biodiversity Management Branch, Environmental Resource Management Department, City of Cape Town, South Africa; patricia.holmes@capetown.gov.za.
Regional and global scale ecosystem service assessments have demonstrated the socioeconomic value of protecting biodiversity and have been integrated into associated policy. Local government decision makers are still unsure of the applicability, return on investment, and usefulness of these assessments in aiding their decision making. Cape Town, a developing city in a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot, has numerous competing land uses. City managers, with a tightly constrained budget, requested an exploratory study on the links between ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation within this municipal area. We set out to develop and test a simple and rapid ecosystem service assessment method aimed at determining the contribution natural...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cape Town; Ecosystem service tool; Historical change; Scenario modeling; Scoping; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2012

Bridging Human and Natural Sciences for a Better Understanding of Urban Floral Patterns: the Role of Planting Practices in Mediterranean Gardens
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental pressures; Floristic heterogeneity; Floristic norm; Social network; Urban biodiversity; Urbanization gradient.
Ano: 2010

Learning in Support of Governance: Theories, Methods, and a Framework to Assess How Bridging Organizations Contribute to Adaptive Resource Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice I; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Parker, John N; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Barrett Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; parker@nceas.ucsb.edu.
Humanity faces increasingly intractable environmental problems characterized by high uncertainty, complexity, and swift change. Natural resource governance must therefore involve continuous production and use of new knowledge to adapt to highly complex, rapidly changing social-ecological systems to ensure long-term sustainable development. Bridging and boundary organizations have been proposed as potentially powerful means of achieving these aims by promoting cooperation among actors from the science, policy, and management sectors.  However, despite substantial investments of time, capital, and human resources, little agreement exists about definitions and measures of knowledge production and how this is achieved in bridging organizations and there is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bridging organizations; Knowledge utilization; Learning; Networks.
Ano: 2012

Company&amp;#8211;Community Logging Contracts in Amazonian Settlements: Impacts on Livelihoods and NTFP Harvests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Menton, Mary C. S.; University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences; mcsmenton@gmail.com; Merry, Frank D; Woods Hole Research Center; fmerry@whrc.org; Lawrence, Anna; Social and Economic Research Group, UK Forestry Commission; anna.lawrence@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Brown, Nick; University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences; nick.brown@plants.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonian frontier; Non-timber forest products; Rural livelihoods; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2009

Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Ahn, T. K.; Florida State University and Korea University; tahn@fsu.edu.
This study compares the empirical performance of a variety of learning models and theories of social preferences in the context of experimental games involving the provision of public goods. Parameters are estimated via maximum likelihood estimation. We also performed estimations to identify different types of agents and distributions of parameters. The estimated models suggest that the players of such games take into account the learning of others and are belief learners. Despite these interesting findings, we conclude that a powerful method of model selection of agent-based models on dynamic social dilemma experiments is still lacking.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Laboratory experiments; Public goods; Agent-based model; Learning; Social preferences.
Ano: 2006

Re-envisioning community-wildfire relations in the U.S. West as adaptive governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abrams, Jesse B; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; jabrams@uoregon.edu; Knapp, Melanie; U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation; previous: Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; knapp@udall.gov; Paveglio, Travis B; Department Of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho; tpaveglio@uidaho.edu; Ellison, Autumn; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; autumne@uoregon.edu; Moseley, Cassandra; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; cmoseley@uoregon.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University; maxnp@pdx.edu; Carroll, Matthew S; School of the Environment, Washington State University; carroll@wsu.edu.
Prompted by a series of increasingly destructive, expensive, and highly visible wildfire crises in human communities across the globe, a robust body of scholarship has emerged to theorize, conceptualize, and measure community-level resilience to wildfires. To date, however, insufficient consideration has been given to wildfire resilience as a process of adaptive governance mediated by institutions at multiple scales. Here we explore the possibilities for addressing this gap through an analysis of wildfire resilience among wildland-urban interface communities in the western region of the United States. We re-engage important but overlooked components of social-ecological system resilience by situating rural communities within their state- to national-level...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disaster resilience; Institutions; Learning; Scale-matching; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface.
Ano: 2015

Learning from Traditional Knowledge of Non-timber Forest Products: Penan Benalui and the Autecology of Aquilaria in Indonesian Borneo
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Donovan, D. G.; ;; Puri, R. K.; University of Kent; R.K.Puri@kent.ac.uk.
Traditional knowledge, promoted to make conservation and development more relevant and socially acceptable, is shown to have an important role in identifying critical research needs in tropical ecology. Botanists, foresters, and phytochemists, among others, from many countries have sought for decades to understand the process of resin formation in the genus Aquilaria, a tropical forest tree of South and Southeast Asia. Not every tree develops the resin and, despite extensive scientific research, this process remains poorly understood. Attempts at cultivating the valuable aromatic resin, gaharu, have been uneven at best. Thus, gaharu remains largely a natural forest product, increasingly under threat as the trees are overexploited and forest is cleared. In...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquilaria; Ethnobiology; Forestry; Gaharu; Kalimantan; Non-timber forest products; Penan; Sandalwood.
Ano: 2004

Cronk, Q. C. B., and J. L. Fuller. 2001. Plant Invaders: the Threat to Natural Ecosystems. Earthscan Publications, London, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gordon, Doria; University of Florida; dgordon@botany.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-Offs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kremen, Claire; University of California, Berkeley; ckremen@berkeley.edu; Miles, Albie; University of California, Berkeley; albiemiles@berkeley.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agricultural food production; Agricultural intensification; Agrobiodiversity; Agroecology; Biodiversity; Conventional agriculture; Conventional farming systems; Diversified farming systems; Ecosystem services; Land-sharing; Land-sparing; Organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable intensification.
Ano: 2012

Methods for Developing Multiscale Participatory Scenarios: Insights from Southern Africa and Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kok, Kasper; Wageningen University; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); University of Wisconsin; biggs@wisc.edu; Zurek, Monika; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); zurek@fao.org.
Scenario planning is increasingly recognized as a useful tool for exploring change in social-ecological systems on decadal to centennial time horizons. In environmental decision making, scenario development tends to include participatory methods for engaging stakeholders and is conducted at multiple scales. This paper presents insights from participatory scenario development in two separate multiscale environmental assessments. We find that, to engage stakeholders at multiple scales, it is important that the issues explored at each scale be relevant and credible to stakeholders at that scale. An important trade-off exists between maintaining relevance to stakeholders at different scales and maintaining consistency across scales to allow for comparison of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Mediterranean; Multiscale scenario; Participation; Scale; Scenario; Southern Africa.
Ano: 2007

Trade-Offs in Values Assigned to Ecological Goods and Services Associated with Different Coral Reef Management Strategies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hicks, Christina C; Newcastle University; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; christina.c.hicks@gmail.com; McClanahan, Tim R; Wildlife Conservation Society; tmcclanahan@wcs.org; Cinner, Joshua E; Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Hills, Jeremy M; ENVISION; j.hills@envision.uk.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Co-management; Community-based management; Ecological economics; Fisheries closures; Globalization; Marine protected areas; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Total economic value.
Ano: 2009

Culture Against Society&amp;#8212;Again and Again
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne B; ; landrest@cox.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Ano: 2009

The US Fire Learning Network: Springing a Rigidity Trap through Multiscalar Collaborative Networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Butler, William Hale; Florida State University; wbutler@fsu.edu; Goldstein, Bruce Evan; University of Colorado, Denver; brugomail@yahoo.com.
Wildland fire management in the United States is caught in a rigidity trap, an inability to apply novelty and innovation in the midst of crisis. Despite wide recognition that public agencies should engage in ecological fire restoration, fire suppression still dominates planning and management, and restoration has failed to gain traction. The U.S. Fire Learning Network (FLN), a multiscalar collaborative endeavor established in 2002 by federal land management agencies and The Nature Conservancy, offers the potential to overcome barriers that inhibit restoration planning and management. By circulating people, planning products, and information among landscape- and regional-scale collaboratives, this network has facilitated the development and dissemination of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative planning; Ecological fire restoration; Fire management; FLN; Learning networks; Multiscalar networks; Resilience; Rigidity trap; U.S. Fire Learning Network.
Ano: 2010

Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a Complex Social-Ecological System: Implications for Conservation and Management
Provedor de dados: 7
The Galapagos Islands are among the most renowned natural sites in the world. Unlike other oceanic archipelagos, the ecological and evolutionary processes characteristic of Galapagos have been minimally affected by human activities, and the archipelago still retains most of its original, unique biodiversity. However, several recent reports suggest that the development model has turned unsustainable and that the unique values of the archipelago might be seriously at risk. In response to international concern, UNESCO added Galapagos to the list of World Heritage in Danger in 2007. Our goal was to provide new insights into the origins of the present-day crisis and suggest possible management alternatives. To this end, we re-examined the Galapagos situation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Adaptive cycle; Biodiversity conservation; Galapagos Islands; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2008

Thirty Years of Human Demography and Land-Use Change in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina: an Evaluation of the Forest Transition Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aide, T. Mitchell; University of Puerto Rico; tmaide@yahoo.com.
For many years, tropical and subtropical forests have been deforested for agriculture, grazing, and timber extraction. Nevertheless in the last decade, several publications have suggested that some regions of Latin America are showing a process of forest transition. Forest transition theory predicts that industrialization and urbanization will lead to the abandonment of marginal agriculture lands and the recovery of natural systems such as forests. However, there are many ecological, economic, and social factors that could act as barriers to ecosystem recovery.  To evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed the socioeconomic and land-use changes during the last 30 years at the provincial and departmental level in the province of Misiones, Argentina. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Forest plantations; Forest transition; Rural&amp;#8211; Urban migration.
Ano: 2008

Naturalness and Place in River Rehabilitation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fryirs, Kirstie; Macquarie University; kirstie.fryirs@els.mq.edu.au; Brierley, Gary J; University of Auckland; g.brierley@auckland.ac.nz.
An authentic approach to river rehabilitation emphasizes concerns for the natural values of a given place. As landscape considerations fashion the physical template upon which biotic associations take place, various geomorphic issues must be addressed in framing rehabilitation activities that strive to improve river health. An open-ended approach to river classification promotes applications that appreciate the values of a given river, rather than pigeonholing reality. As the geomorphic structure of some rivers is naturally simple, promoting heterogeneity as a basis for management may not always be appropriate. Efforts to protect unique attributes of river systems must be balanced with procedures that look after common features. Concerns for ecosystem...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Heterogeneity; Physical integrity; River evolution; River health; River process.
Ano: 2009

Complexity of Stakeholder Interaction in Applied Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pade-Khene, Caroline; Rhodes University; c.khene@ru.ac.za; Luton, Rebecca; University of the Witwatersrand; rebecca.luton@gmail.com; Jordaan, Tarina; North-West University; tarinajordaan@gmail.com; Hildbrand, Sandra; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Hildbrands@ukzn.ac.za; Gerwel Proches, Cecile; University of Kwazulu-Natal; cecilegerwel@yahoo.com; Sitshaluza, Andile; University of Cape Town; sitshaluzaandile@yahoo.com; Dominy, James; Stellenbosch University; jgdominy@gmail.com; Ntshinga, Wonga; Tshwane University of Technology; ntshinga@gmail.com; Moloto, Nosipho; University of the Witwatersrand; nmoloto@uj.ac.za.
Applied research in complex integrated settings should be recognized as an endeavor that requires transdisciplinary and multisectoral stakeholder interactions. The problems faced in society are quite complex, requiring participation and knowledge from diverse aspects of society, including different disciplines (academia), communities, civil society, and government. Successful applied research relies on nurturing these key stakeholder relationships and interactions.  This paper explores the key challenges of stakeholder interaction in applied research in three disciplines in the South African context, based on literature and the experience of authors in their disciplines. The three disciplines include information and communication technology for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Applied research; Information and communication technology for development; Natural resources; Stakeholder interaction; Town and regional planning; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2013

Introduction to the Special Feature: Educating for Integration and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gass, Clifton Lee; University of British Columbia; gass@zoology.ubc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Interactive engagement; Interdisciplinary education; Introduction.
Ano: 2002

A New Phase
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Bushmeat networks link the forest to urban areas in the trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Jonhson Neves de Aquino, Lindon; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; lj.aquino@bol.com.br; Schor, Tatiana; Geography Department, Federal University of Amazonas; NEPECAB; tatiana.schor@gmail.com; Hernandez, Sara; Independent Expert in Environmental Economics; sarah-hernandez-p@hotmail.com; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Recent studies have intended to quantify urban consumption and trade in Amazonian towns. However, little is still known about the different ways in which bushmeat is made available in urban areas, including commercial and noncommercial flows, and how those flows contribute to link forests to urban livelihoods. In this study we qualitatively describe the structure and functioning of bushmeat flows in terms of species, catchment area, stakeholders involved, and the motivations for their activity in the main towns of the Amazon trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.  We show that bushmeat trade to urban areas exists under an organized but invisible commodity chain providing a source of income to about 195 persons. Bushmeat is made available...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bushmeat; Exchange networks; Indigenous people; Trade; Urban areas.
Ano: 2015

Respect for Grizzly Bears: an Aboriginal Approach for Co-existence and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clark, Douglas A; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Alberta; Yukon College; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; dclark@yukoncollege.yk.ca; Slocombe, D.  Scott; Wilfrid Laurier University; sslocomb@wlu.ca.
Aboriginal peoples&amp;#8217; respect for grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) is widely acknowledged, but rarely explored, in wildlife management discourse in northern Canada. Practices of respect expressed toward bears were observed and grouped into four categories: terminology, stories, reciprocity, and ritual. In the southwest Yukon, practices in all four categories form a coherent qualitative resource management system that may enhance the resilience of the bear-human system as a whole. This system also demonstrates the possibility of a previously unrecognized human role in maintaining productive riparian ecosystems and salmon runs, potentially providing a range of valued social-ecological outcomes. Practices of respect hold promise for new strategies to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bear ceremonialism; Champagne and Aishihik First Nations; Inuit; Inuvialuit; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Resilience; Salmon; Social-ecological system; Southern Tutchone; Traditional ecological knowledge; Ursus arctos; Yukon.
Ano: 2009

Perception and Interpretation of Climate Change among Quechua Farmers of Bolivia: Indigenous Knowledge as a Resource for Adaptive Capacity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkes, Fikret; Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba; Fikret.Berkes@ad.umanitoba.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Andes; Bolivia; Indigenous knowledge; Perception of climate change; Quechua.
Ano: 2013

Parks, people, and change: the importance of multistakeholder engagement in adaptation planning for conserved areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Knapp, Corrine N.; Department of Environment and Sustainability, Western State Colorado University; corrieknapp@yahoo.com; Chapin III, F. Stuart; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA; terry.chapin@alaska.edu; Kofinas, Gary P.; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA; gpkofinas@alaska.edu; Fresco, Nancy; Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA; nlfresco@alaska.edu; Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA; clcarothers@alaska.edu; Craver, Amy; Denali National Park and Preserve; amy_craver@nps.gov.
Climate change challenges the traditional goals and conservation strategies of protected areas, necessitating adaptation to changing conditions. Denali National Park and Preserve (Denali) in south central Alaska, USA, is a vast landscape that is responding to climate change in ways that will impact both ecological resources and local communities. Local observations help to inform understanding of climate change and adaptation planning, but whose knowledge is most important to consider? For this project we interviewed long-term Denali staff, scientists, subsistence community members, bus drivers, and business owners to assess what types of observations each can contribute, how climate change is impacting each, and what they think the National Park Service...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Climate change; Local knowledge; National Park; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

The REDD+ policy arena in Vietnam: participation of policy actors
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pham, Thuy T.; Center for International Forestry Research; t.pham@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk; Carmenta, Rachel; Center for International Forestry Research; R.Carmenta@cgiar.org; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; M.BROCKHAUS@CGIAR.ORG; Le, Dung N.; Center for International Forestry Research; dzunglengoc@gmail.com.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) has gained increasing global attention because of its potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve forest governance. Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation requires successful inclusive decision making and accountability. However, there have been limited empirical studies that examine the effectiveness of the current participatory mechanism used in REDD+. Our research analyzes the participation of policy actors in the development of the REDD+ instrument in Vietnam. We are interested in how the political context and the different interests of actors influence the degree of participation in national REDD+ policy decision making. We explored participation through the analysis of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Inclusion; Participation; Policy networks; REDD+; Vietnam.
Ano: 2014

The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control in Small-Game Estates in Central Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
One of the most important human-wildlife conflicts in the world is that where predators are involved. Predators may compete with us for the same resources, such as game species. As a consequence, predators have been frequently controlled by game managers, which has negatively affected many predator populations worldwide. The understanding of human-wildlife conflicts requires a multidisplicinary framework that is rarely considered. We aim to evaluate the attitudes and behavior of game managers with regard to predator management in central Spain, as well as to explore factors that lead to these attitudes and behavior. Data were gathered through face to face interviews with game managers from 59 small-game hunting estates within central Spain. Predator...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes towards predators; Game management; Human-wildlife conflicts; Perceptions; Pica pica; Vulpes vulpes.
Ano: 2013

The Politics of Reflexive Governance: Challenges for Designing Adaptive Management and Transition Management
Provedor de dados: 7
New concepts of governance take account of ambivalence, uncertainty, and distributed power in societal change. They aim for reflexivity regarding the limits of prognostic knowledge and actual control of complex processes of change. Adaptive management and transition management are two examples that evolved from the analysis of social&amp;#8211;ecological and sociotechnical systems, respectively. Both feature strategies of collective experimentation and learning. In this paper, we ask how these two designs of reflexive governance consider politics. Based on a framework of different dimensions and levels of politics, we show that they are mainly concerned with problem solving by a focal process, but conflict and asymmetric power relations, as well as the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Embedding in political context; Governance design; Politics; Reflexive governance; Societal learning; Transition management.
Ano: 2011

Consequences of oil spills: a review and framework for informing planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chang, Stephanie E.; University of British Columbia; stephanie.chang@ubc.ca; Stone, Jeremy; University of British Columbia; jeremy@recoveryandrelief.org; Demes, Kyle; University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University; kyle.demes@gmail.com; Piscitelli, Marina; University of British Columbia; piscitellim@gmail.com.
As oil transportation worldwide continues to increase, many communities are at risk of oil spill disasters and must anticipate and prepare for them. Factors that influence oil spill consequences are myriad and range from the biophysical to the social. We provide a summary literature review and overview framework to help communities systematically consider the factors and linkages that would influence consequences of a potential oil spill. The focus is on spills from oil tanker accidents. Drawing primarily on empirical studies of previous oil spill disasters, we focused on several main domains of interest: the oil spill itself, disaster management, the physical marine environment, marine biology, human health, economy, and policy. Key variables that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Framework; Impacts; Oil spills; Vancouver.
Ano: 2014

Re-connecting with a Recovering River through Imaginative Engagement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Selman, Paul; Department of Landscape, University of Sheffield; p.selman@shef.ac.uk; Carter, Claudia; Alice Holt, Forest Research; claudia.carter@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Lawrence, Anna; Alice Holt, Forest Research; anna.lawrence@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Morgan, Clare; Kellogg College, University of Oxford; clare.morgan@kellogg.ox.ac.uk.
Imaginative engagement as a mode of citizen participation&amp;#8212;the use of arts-based methods to involve people actively in shared learning experiences&amp;#8212;holds promise as a means to increase awareness and understanding, and to build capacity, for sustainable use and management of rivers. We conducted a series of creative writing workshops in a former industrial area of northern England that were focused on a "recovering" river. Participants in the workshops found the process a positive experience and reported changes in their knowledge, attitudes, and actions about the use and management of river environments locally and more generally. The "catchment consciousness" of members appeared to increase, and their raised levels of interest led them...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Imaginative engagement; Participatory methods; River management; Social learning; Water catchment consciousness.
Ano: 2010

Growth and Collapse of a Resource System: an Adaptive Cycle of  Change in Public Lands Governance and Forest Management in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beier, Colin M.; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry; cbeier@esf.edu; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; ffall@uaf.edu; Chapin, III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu.
Large-scale government efforts to develop resources for societal benefit have often experienced cycles of growth and decline that leave behind difficult social and ecological legacies. To understand the origins and outcomes of these failures of resource governance, scholars have applied the framework of the adaptive cycle. In this study, we used the adaptive cycle as a diagnostic approach to trace the drivers and dynamics of forest governance surrounding a boom&amp;#8211;bust sequence of industrial forest management in one of the largest-scale resource systems in U.S. history: the Tongass National Forest in southeastern Alaska. Our application of the adaptive cycle combined a historical narrative tracing dynamics in political, institutional, and economic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Alaska; Forest management; Resource governance; Rigidity traps; U.S. National Forests.
Ano: 2009

Ecological and Human Community Resilience in Response to Natural Disasters
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological resilience; Surprises; Urban recovery.
Ano: 2010

Water Management in Spain: the Role of Policy Entrepreneurs in Shaping Change
Provedor de dados: 7
The role played by policy entrepreneurs in preparing, initiating, and implementing water policy change in Spain over the last two decades is examined in an effort to understand how transitions in water management occur. The main questions considered are whether policy entrepreneurs can influence water policy change, and which strategies they actually adopt to promote change. John Kingdon's multiple streams framework was used to assess the ways in which policy entrepreneurs succeed in challenging the dominant agenda, mobilizing alternative policy ideas, and making use of multiple venues for initiating policy change. The data set comprises secondary documentation and interviews with state and non-state actors involved in Spanish water management. The main...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Policy entrepreneurs; Spain; Transitions; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Toward increased engagement between academic and indigenous community partners in ecological research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Megan S.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; megan.s.adams@gmail.com; Carpenter, Jennifer; Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department; jcarpenter2@heiltsuknation.ca; Housty, Jess A.; Qqs Projects Society;; Neasloss, Douglass; Kitasoo/Xai-Xais Integrated Resource Authority; Spirit Bear Research Foundation;; Paquet, Paul C.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; ppaquet@baudoux.ca; Service, Christina; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Spirit Bear Research Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; christina.service@gmail.com; Walkus, Jennifer; Wuikinuxv Nation Fisheries;; Darimont, Chris T.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; darimont@uvic.ca.
Ecological research, especially work related to conservation and resource management, increasingly involves social dimensions. Concurrently, social systems, composed of human communities that have direct cultural connections to local ecology and place, may draw upon environmental research as a component of knowledge. Such research can corroborate local and traditional ecological knowledge and empower its application. Indigenous communities and their interactions with and management of resources in their traditional territories can provide a model of such social-ecological systems. As decision-making agency is shifted increasingly to indigenous governments in Canada, abundant opportunities exist for applied ecological research at the community level....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Collaborative research; Community engagement; Ecology; First Nations; Indigenous communities; Natural science; Resource management; Social-ecological systems; Trust.
Ano: 2014

Ecosystem Services and Abrupt Transformations in a Coastal Wetland Social-Ecological System: Tubul-Raqui after the 2010 Earthquake in Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Natural disasters; Perceptions; Transformations; Well-being.
Ano: 2014

Optimizing nitrogen rates in the midwestern United States for maximum ecosystem value
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ewing, Patrick M; University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics ; ewing069@umn.edu; Runck, Bryan C; University of Minnesota, Department of Geography, Environment and Society; runck014@umn.edu.
The importance of corn production to the midwestern United States cannot be overestimated. However, high production requires high nitrogen  fertilization, which carries costs to environmental services such as water quality. Therefore, a trade-off exists between the production of corn yield and water quality. We used the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment for Shallow depths and Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Maize models to investigate the nature of this trade-off while testing the Simple Analytic Framework trade-offs featured in this Special Feature. First, we estimated the current levels of yield and water quality production in northeastern Iowa and southern Minnesota at the 1-square-kilometer, county, and regional scales. We then constructed an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agroecology; Corn belt; DSSAT; Fertilization rate; Frontier analysis; Groundwater nitrate; GWAVA-S; Land use; Nitrogen; Rotation; Row crops; Simple Analytics Framework; Yield.
Ano: 2015

The social value of biodiversity and ecosystem services from the perspectives of different social actors
Provedor de dados: 7
A vast literature is now available on ecosystem services (ES), their potential as a tool for analyzing intertwined processes of ecological and social change, and their monetary valuation. Much less is known about the social value of different ES for different social actors (SA), and their links with specific components of biodiversity. We unpack the social aspects of an interdisciplinary and multi-SA methodology that allows us to assess how different SA perceive and value different ES, and how they associate them with different components of biodiversity, ecological attributes, and ecosystem types. We apply the methodology to a study area in the Gran Chaco region of South America, presenting original social-ecological information from the field. Being...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Chaco region; Ecosystem services; Interdisciplinary research; Land use change; Multifunctional landscapes; Nature&amp;#8217; S benefits to people; Social value of biodiversity.
Ano: 2015

How Participation Creates Citizens: Participatory Governance as Performative Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turnhout, Esther; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University; esther.turnhout@wur.nl; Van Bommel, Severine; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University ; severine.vanbommel@wur.nl; Aarts, Noelle; Communication Science Group, Wageningen University; ASCoR (Amsterdam School for Communication Research), University of Amsterdam ; noelle.aarts@wur.nl.
Participation is a prominent feature of many decision-making and planning processes. Among its proclaimed benefits is its potential to strengthen public support and involvement. However, participation is also known for having unintended consequences which lead to failures in meeting its objectives. This article takes a critical perspective on participation by discussing how participation may influence the ways in which citizens can become involved.   Participation unavoidably involves (1) restrictions about who should be involved and about the space for negotiation, (2) assumptions about what the issue at stake is, and (3) expectations about what the outcome of participation should be and how the participants are expected to behave. This is illustrated by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizenship; Environmental governance; Nature conservation policy; Participation; Performance; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2010

Poverty and Environmental Services: Case Study in Way Besai Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); suyanto@cgiar.org; Khususiyah, Noviana; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); Nkhususiyah@cgiar.org; Leimona, Beria; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); lberia@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee trees; Agroforestry; Environmental services; Equity; Poverty; Payment for environmental services; Watershed; Lampung Province; Indonesia.
Ano: 2007

Resilience and Restoration of Lakes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Cottingham, Kathryn L; ; cottingh@nceas.ucsb.edu.
Lake water quality and ecosystem services are normally maintained by several feedbacks.  Among these are nutrient retention and humic production by wetlands, nutrient retention and woody habitat production by riparian forests, food web structures that cha nnel phosphorus to consumers rather than phytoplankton, and biogeochemical mechanisms that inhibit phosphorus recycling from sediments.  In degraded lakes, these resilience mechanisms are replaced by new ones that connect lakes to larger, regional economi c and social systems.  New controls that maintain degraded lakes include runoff from agricultural and urban areas, absence of wetlands and riparian forests, and changes in lake food webs and biogeochemistry that channel phosphorus to blooms of nuisance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological economics; Ecosystem; Eutrophication; Lake; Resilience; Restoration; Watershed.
Ano: 1997

Land-based Investments for Rural Development? A Grounded Analysis of the Local Impacts of Biofuel Feedstock Plantations in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoneveld , George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Utrecht University; G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; German, Laura A.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Nutakor, Eric; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG);.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Dispossession; Ghana; Land grabbing; Land tenure; Rural development.
Ano: 2011

Safeguarding what and for whom? The role of institutional fit in shaping REDD+ in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDermott, Constance L.; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford; constance.mcdermott@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Ituarte-Lima, Claudia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; claudia.ituarte@su.se.
This paper examines the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change mechanism Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), and its associated multitude of global to local safeguards, as they apply to a single ejido on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. It draws on written sources and interviews to analyze the ways in which broad international norms articulated through the REDD+ safeguards, including support for human rights and sustainable livelihoods for local communities, are translated at national, regional, and local levels.   Our findings indicate a wide range of perspectives on what constitutes sustainability, from strict conservation to more forest use-oriented strategies, such as community forestry and traditional Mayan shifting...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forest; Free  prior  and informed consent (FPIC); Governance; REDD+; Safeguard.
Ano: 2016

Haida Marine Planning: First Nations as a Partner in Marine Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Russ; Haida Fisheries Program; russ.jones@haidanation.net; Rigg, Catherine; Haida Fisheries Program;; Lee, Lynn; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University ;.
The Haida Nation is involved in an integrated marine planning initiative in northern British Columbia, Canada. The Haida continue to occupy traditional territory in and around Haida Gwaii, or the Queen Charlotte Islands, and are engaged in a larger planning process for the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA). This initiative is in the early planning stage, focused on capacity building and creating enabling conditions for co-governance. Court decisions, government policies, and a modern treaty process are driving short- and long-term efforts to resolve issues of Aboriginal ownership and resource access, both on land and in the ocean. As a result, the PNCIMA process is being led by two levels of government, First Nations and federal,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal rights; Fisheries management; Indigenous peoples; Integrated coastal management; Marine planning; Oceans governance.
Ano: 2010

Using Citizens to Do Science Versus Citizens as Scientists
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lakshminarayanan, Shyamal; ; lshyamal@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Citizen science.
Ano: 2007

Assessments of ecosystem services and human well-being in Thailand build and create demand for coproductive capacity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Wattana, Suchada; Policy and Planning Bureau, Ministry of Interior, Thailand; suchadawattana@hotmail.com; Talerngsri, Pawin; United Nations Development Programme; pawin.talerngsri@undp.org.
Assessments of ecosystem services have been proposed as one way of incorporating concerns about environmental change and ecosystem conditions into subnational development planning.  In Thailand a policy window for such initiatives is opening because of a transition in national policy toward area-based planning combined with broader political reforms to expand public participation and encourage more evidence-based decision making. We explored three case studies in Thailand in which central and local government agencies and research organizations partnered to engage local communities and other stakeholders in assessments of ecosystem services and human well-being.  The analysis focused on the role ecosystem assessments play in building and creating demand...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Assessment; Coproductive capacity; Ecosystem services; Evidence-based planning; Human well-being; Problem driven.
Ano: 2015

Path Dependence as an Example of a Dysfunctional Panarchy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mathias, Jack; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; mathiasj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Indigenous Knowledge and Values in Planning for Sustainable Forestry: Pikangikum First Nation and the Whitefeather Forest Initiative
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Flaherty, R. Michael; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; michaelo@whitefeatherforest.com; Davidson-Hunt, Iain J.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; davidso4@cc.umanitoba.ca; Manseau, Micheline; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; Micheline.Manseau@pc.gc.ca.
Although still posing challenges, science-based knowledge (including interdisciplinary work) is leading current forest-management planning. How then can indigenous communities mobilize their own knowledge to support their desire to develop new ways of managing the forest? In northern Ontario, the provincial government has developed a cross-scale planning approach that allocates certain responsibilities to First Nations in order to support their vision and knowledge, yet at the same time addresses provincial planning goals.  Within this context, research on woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus)   was conducted in collaboration with Pikangikum First Nation to support their participation in forest-management planning. The outcomes of this research are used as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-cultural research; Indigenous knowledge; Northwestern Ontario; Woodland caribou.
Ano: 2008

Child Participation for Conservation of Species and Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pandey, Pushp Deep; Innovative Science Group; pdpandey@innovativescience.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Conservation of Native Pollinators via Honeybee Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Keasar, Tamar; Ben Gurion University; tkeasar@bgumail.bgu.ac.il.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Riding a wave of creative destruction &amp;#8211; reflections on Ecology and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Lee, Michelle; Resilience Alliance; managing_editor@ecologyandsociety.org.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Palavras-chave: Ecology and Society; Creative destruction.
Ano: 2010

The Relation Between Income and Hunting in Tropical Forests: an Economic Experiment in the Field
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cardenas, Juan Camilo; Universidad de los Andes; jccarden@uniandes.edu.co.
Hunting in tropical forests is both a major cause of biodiversity loss and an important food source for millions of people. A question with important policy implications is how changes in income level affect how much people hunt. This study, which was carried out in an indigenous community in the Amazon, explored the relation between income and consumption of wild meat using an economic experiment in the form of a lottery, and involved the local people, not only as experimental subjects, but also in the interpretation of results. The results suggested that an increase in steady employment, rather than in income alone, may lead to the substitution of non-hunted foods for wild meat. The kind of social learning that participation in this type of economic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Economic development; Experimental economics; Hunting; Income; Lottery; Participatory research; Tropical forest; Wild meat.
Ano: 2006

Mapping future changes in livelihood security and environmental sustainability based on perceptions of small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Diniz, Fabio H.; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazil; fabio.homero@embrapa.br; Kok, Kasper; Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Hoogstra-Klein, Marjanke A.; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Marjanke.Hoogstra@wur.nl; Arts, Bas; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; bas.arts@wur.nl.
Deforestation is a widely recognized problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Small farmers play a key role in this process in that they earn their livelihood by ranching and farming. Many studies have addressed the link between deforestation and livelihood strategies adopted by small farmers. Most have focused on advanced monitoring systems, simulation models, and GIS approaches to analyze the interaction of both dimensions, i.e., livelihoods and forest cover change. Although the current toolbox of methods has proved successful in increasing our understanding of these interactions, the models and approaches employed do not consider small farmers&amp;#8217; perspectives. On the assumption that local small farmers are agents of land-cover change, understanding how...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Deforestation; Fuzzy cognitive maps; Mental model; Par&amp;#225; ; Scenarios.
Ano: 2015

Bridging the Macro and the Micro by Considering the Meso: Reflections on the Fractal Nature of Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dekker, Sidney W. A.; Safety Science Innovation Lab - School of Humanities, Griffith University; University of Queensland; s.dekker@griffith.edu.au.
We pursued the following three interconnected points: (1) there are unexplored opportunities for resilience scholars from different disciplines to cross-inspire and inform, (2) a systems perspective may enhance understanding of human resilience in health and social settings, and (3) resilience is often considered to be fractal, i.e.,  a phenomenon with recognizable or recurring features at a variety of scales. Following a consideration of resilience from a systems perspective, we explain how resilience can, for analytic purposes, be constructed at four scales: micro, meso, macro, and cross-scale. Adding to the cross-scale perspective of the social-ecological field, we have suggested an analytical framework for resilience studies of the health field, which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Human resilience; Organizational resilience; Resilience; Resilience engineering; Societal resilience.
Ano: 2014

Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Fisheries Management in the Torres Strait, Australia: the Catalytic Role of Turtles and Dugong as Cultural Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Butler, James R. A.; CSIRO; james.butler@csiro.au; Tawake, Alifereti; James Cook University; alifereti.tawake@my.jcu.edu.au; Skewes, Tim; CSIRO; tim.skewes@csiro.au; Tawake, Lavenia; CSIRO; lavenia.tawake@csiro.au; McGrath, Vic; Torres Strait Regional Authority; vic.mcgrath@tsra.gov.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Dugong; Governance; Livelihoods; Melanesia; Papua New Guinea; Resilience; Subsistence fisheries; Traditional ecological knowledge: turtles.
Ano: 2012

Individual transferable quota contribution to environmental stewardship: a theory in need of validation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Putten, Ingrid; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; Ingrid.vanputten@csiro.au; Boschetti, Fabio; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; fabio.Boschetti@csiro.au; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; beth.fulton@csiro.au; Smith, Anthony D. M.; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; tony.d.smith@csiro.au; Thebaud, Olivier; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; olivier.thebaud@csiro.au.
We explored the extent to which (1) individual transferable quotas (ITQs) may lead to changes in environmental stewardship and (2) environmental stewardship may in turn contribute to explain the success or otherwise of ITQs in meeting sustainability objectives. ITQs are an example of incentive-based fisheries management in which fishing rights can be privately owned and traded. ITQs are aimed at resolving the problems created by open-access fisheries. ITQs were proposed to promote economic efficiency, and there is growing empirical evidence that ITQs meet a number of economic and social fisheries management objectives. Even though improved stock status arises as a consequence of the total allowable catch levels implemented together with ITQs, the effect is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Environmental ethics; Fisheries management; Fishing rights; Stewardship.
Ano: 2014

How to Maintain Domesticity of Usages in Small Rural Forests? Lessons from Forest Management Continuity through a French Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sourdril, Anne; CNRS / UMR 7533 Ladyss; anne.sourdril@u-paris10.fr; Andrieu, Emilie; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor; emilie.andrieu@toulouse.inra.fr; Cabanettes, Alain; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor; alain.cabanettes@toulouse.inra.fr; Elyakime, Bernard; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor; bernard.elyakime@toulouse.inra.fr; Ladet, Sylvie; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor; sylvie.ladet@toulouse.inra.fr.
The management of small private forests in the Western World has been under threat owing to rural and agricultural transformations since the Second World War. The actions put in place to preserve those forests are hard to implement because the forests are managed essentially in an unofficial way that is not clearly understood. Through multidisciplinary approaches, our aims were to understand local forest management processes, to assess the continuities and discontinuities of usages and practices in the Coteaux de Gascogne area of France, and to propose guidelines for future forest management. Forest management is shaped by a traditional but unrecognized social system called the house-centered system, which has contributed to a high degree of domesticity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Coppice with standards; Domestic usage; Forestry; History; House-centered system; Small private forest; Southwestern France.
Ano: 2012

Calopteryx Damselfly Dispersions Arising from Multiscale Responses to Landscape Structure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jonsen, Ian; University of Alberta; jonseni@em.agr.ca; Taylor, Philip D; Acadia University; ptaylor@resalliance.org.
Using spatially explicit simulation models, we explored the extent to which fine-scale (i.e., meters to tens of meters) movement behaviors could be used to predict broader scale patterns of distribution on heterogeneous landscapes. Our models were tailored by empirical data on Calopterygid damselfly movements on three types of landscapes that differed in amount of forest habitat. Surveys of the two congeneric damselflies, Calopteryx aequabilis and Calopteryx maculata, demonstrated that both species occupied stream and forest habitats on forested and partially forested landscapes, but were found primarily along streams on nonforested landscapes. Simulation models whose parameters were derived using empirical movement data for both species showed that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Calopteryx aequabilis; Calopteryx maculata; Connectivity; Damselflies; Landscape structure; Movement behaviors; Multiscale dispersion; Patch boundary permeability; Patch viscosity; Simulation model; Spatial scale.
Ano: 2000

Conversations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Geopolitical Vulnerabilities to Hydropower Development on the Nu River, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tullos, Desiree D.; Oregon State University; desiree.tullos@oregonstate.edu; Foster-Moore, Eric; The World Bank; fostermoore@gmail.com; Magee, Darrin; Hobart and William Smith Colleges; magee@hws.edu; Tilt, Bryan; Oregon State University; Bryan.Tilt@oregonstate.edu; Wolf, Aaron T.; Oregon State University; wolfa@geo.oregonstate.edu; Schmitt, Edwin; Chinese University of Hong Kong; schmitte@cuhk.edu.hk; Gassert, Francis; World Resources Institute; fgassert@gmail.com; Kibler, Kelly; Oregon State University; kibler.kelly@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: China; Dams; Hydroelectric power; Hydro-politics; International rivers; Nu River; Resettlement; Salween River; Vulnerability; Yunnan Province.
Ano: 2013

Interlocking panarchies in multi-use boreal forests in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
This paper uses northern Sweden as a case study of a multi-use social-ecological system, in which forestry and reindeer husbandry interact as different land use forms in the same area. We aim to describe the timeline of main events that have influenced resource use in northern Sweden, that is, to attempt a historical profiling of the system, and to discuss these trends in the system in terms of adaptive cycles and resilience. The study shows that key political decisions have created strong path dependencies and a situation in which forestry today is characterized by low flexibility and low resilience due to the highly optimized harvesting of tree resources. Since forestry is the overwhelmingly strongest actor, trends in forestry from the mid-19th century...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycles; Boreal forests; Conservation; Forestry; Historical profiling; Panarchy; Reindeer husbandry.
Ano: 2010

Willingness to pay for ecosystem conservation in Alaska&amp;#8217;s Tongass National Forest: a choice modeling study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hjerpe, Evan E.; Conservation Economics Institute; evan@conservationecon.org; Hussain, Anwar; Forest Policy Center, Auburn University; Conservation Economics Institute; anwar@conservationecon.org.
Forest ecosystems contribute to human welfare in important ways, but because of the nonmarket nature of many of the goods and services produced, both markets and governments fail to optimize their production commensurate with their economic and ecological significance. Despite the recent proliferation of nonmarket environmental valuation in the literature, the incorporation of nonmarket values into public forest decision making has been limited by institutional and methodological barriers. To address this disconnect, we conducted a case study to quantify conservation values for the Tongass National Forest in a manner conducive for public forest planning. A choice experiment featuring proposed forest management alternatives with changes in critical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Conservation economics; Ecological restoration; Nonmarket valuation; Old-growth forests; Tongass National Forest.
Ano: 2016

Measuring the dimensions of adaptive capacity: a psychometric approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lockwood, Michael; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; Michael.Lockwood@utas.edu.au; Raymond, Christopher M.; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; Centre for Regulation and Market Analysis and Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia; Enviroconnect; chris.raymond@enviroconnect.com.au; Oczkowski, Eddie; School of Accounting and Finance, Charles Sturt University; eoczkowski@csu.edu.au; Morrison, Mark; School of Management and Marketing, Charles Sturt University; mmorrison@csu.edu.au.
Although previous studies have examined adaptive capacity using a range of self-assessment procedures, no objective self-report approaches have been used to identify the dimensions of adaptive capacity and their relative importance. We examine the content, structure, and relative importance of dimensions of adaptive capacity as perceived by rural landholders in an agricultural landscape in South-Eastern Australia. Our findings indicate that the most important dimensions influencing perceived landholder adaptive capacity are related to their management style, particularly their change orientation. Other important dimensions are individual financial capacity, labor availability, and the capacity of communities and local networks to support...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Psychometric scales; Rural landholders; Structural equation modelling.
Ano: 2015

Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Syphard, Alexandra D.; Conservation Biology Institute; asyphard@yahoo.com; Butsic, Van; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; vanbutsic@berkeley.edu; Bar-Massada, Avi; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim; barmassada@gmail.com; Keeley, Jon E.; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sequoia-Kings Canyon Field Station, Three Rivers, California; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; Tracey, Jeff A.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; jatracey@usgs.gov; Fisher, Robert N.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; rfisher@usgs.gov.
Although wildfire plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity in many ecosystems, fire management to protect human assets is often carried out by different agencies than those tasked for conserving biodiversity. In fact, fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation are often viewed as competing objectives.  Here we explored the role of management through private land conservation and asked whether we could identify private land acquisition strategies that fulfill the mutual objectives of biodiversity conservation and fire risk reduction, or whether the maximization of one objective comes at a detriment to the other.  Using a fixed budget and number of homes slated for development, we simulated 20 years of housing growth under alternative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Housing arrangement; Reserve design; Site selection; Southern California; Species richness; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016

Success Factors in Integrated Natural Resource Management R&amp;D: Lessons from Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chuma, Edward; University of Zimbabwe; chuma@africaonline.co.zw; Murwira, Kuda; Rural Development Consultant/Facilitator; kmurwira@zol.co.zw; Connolly, Mike; Agritex-GTZ Change Management Program; Mconnoly@internet.co.zw; Ficarelli, Paolo; Broadening Agricultural Service Delivery Program; BASE.GTZ@pixie.co.za.
This paper analyzes integrated natural resource management (INRM) lessons and success factors based on a practical case study over more than 10 years in Zimbabwe. The work was geared toward enhancing the adaptive management capacity of the stakeholders in their resource-use systems. One main result was the development and institutionalization of an approach for participatory and integrated NRM research and extension. The INRM approach described is grounded in a learning paradigm and a combination of theories: the constructivist perspective to development, systemic intervention, and learning process approaches. Participatory action research and experiential learning, in which researchers engage themselves as actors rather than neutral analysts in an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change management; Facilitation; Impact assessment; Institutionalization; Learning processes; Local organizational development; Natural resource management; Participatory approaches; Systemic intervention.
Ano: 2002

Responsibility for private sector adaptation to climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schneider, Tina; Department of Business Administration, Economics, and Law, Oldenburg University; tina.schneider@uni-oldenburg.de.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) indicates that vulnerable industries should adapt to the increasing likelihood of extreme weather events along with slowly shifting mean annual temperatures and precipitation patterns, to prevent major damages or periods of inoperability in the future. Most articles in the literature on business management frame organizational adaptation to climate change as a private action. This makes adaptation the sole responsibility of a company, for its sole benefit, and overlooks the fact that some companies provide critical goods and services such a food, water, electricity, and medical care, that are so vital to society that even a short-term setback in operations could put public security at risk. This raises...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation to climate change; Business; Critical infrastructure; Germany; Public responsibility.
Ano: 2014

Integrating Methods for Developing Sustainability Indicators to Facilitate Learning and Action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reed, Mark; University of Leeds; mreed@env.leeds.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan D. G.; University of Leeds; evan@env.leeds.ac.uk; Morse, Stephen; University of Reading; s.morse@reading.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J.; University of Leeds; adougill@env.leeds.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Sustainability Indicators; Community empowerment; Stakeholders; Local participation.
Ano: 2005

Underground Thermal Energy Storage: Environmental Risks and Policy Developments in the Netherlands and European Union
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bonte, Matthijs; KWR Watercycle Research Institute; matthijs.bonte@kwrwater.nl; Stuyfzand, Pieter J.; KWR Watercycle Research Institute; Pieter.Stuyfzand@kwrwater.nl; Hulsmann, Adriana; KWR Watercycle Research Institute; adriana.hulsmann@kwrwater.nl; Van Beelen, Patrick; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands ; Patrick.van.Beelen@rivm.nl.
We present an overview of the risks that underground thermal energy storage (UTES) can impose on the groundwater system, drinking water production, and the subsurface environment in general. We describe existing policy and licensing arrangements for UTES in the Netherlands, as well as the capability of the current and future Dutch policy and legal framework to minimize or mitigate risks from UTES on groundwater resources. A survey at the European Union member state level indicates that regulation and research on the potential impacts of UTES on groundwater resources and the subsurface environment often lag behind the technological development of and ever-growing demand for this renewable energy source. The lack of a clear and scientifically underpinned...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ground source heat pumps; Groundwater; Groundwater quality; Underground planning; Underground thermal energy storage.
Ano: 2011

Evaluating Discontinuities in Complex Systems: Toward Quantitative Measures of Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stow, Craig; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); Craig.Stow@noaa.gov; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska, USA; allencr@unl.edu; Garmestani, Ahjond S; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov.
The textural discontinuity hypothesis (TDH) is based on the observation that animal body mass distributions exhibit discontinuities that may reflect the texture of the landscape available for exploitation. This idea has been extended to other complex systems, hinting that the identification and quantification of discontinuities in the distributions of appropriate variables may provide clues to emergent system properties such as resilience. We propose a discontinuity index, based on the vector norm of the full assemblage of observed discontinuities, as a means to quantify and compare this characteristic among systems. We also evaluate four methods to identify the number and location of the most prominent discontinuities. Although results of the four methods...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Discontinuities; Textural discontinuity hypothesis; Resilience; Scalebreaks.
Ano: 2007

Planetary Boundaries:  Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steffen, Will; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Australian National University, Australia; will.steffen@anu.edu.au; Noone, Kevin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University; kevin.noone@stockholmresilience.su.se; Chapin, F. Stuart III; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; fschapiniii@alaska.edu; Lambin, Eric; Department of Geography, University of Louvain; lambin@geog.ucl.ac.be; Lenton, Timothy M; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; t.lenton@uea.ac.uk; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Environmental Change Institute and Tyndall Centre, Oxford University ; schellnhuber@pik-potsdam.de; de Wit, Cynthia A; Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University; cynthia.de.wit@itm.su.se; Hughes, Terry; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; terry.hughes@jcu.edu.au; van der Leeuw, Sander; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu; Rodhe, Henning; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University; rodhe@misu.su.se; Snyder, Peter K; Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota; pksnyder@umn.edu; Costanza, Robert; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont; rcostanz@uvm.edu; Svedin, Uno; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; uno.svedin@formas.se; Falkenmark, Malin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Stockholm International Water Institute; malin.falkenmark@siwi.org; Karlberg, Louise; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Stockholm Environment Institute; louise.karlberg@stockholmresilience.su.se; Corell, Robert W; The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment ; Corell@heinzctr.org; Fabry, Victoria J; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos; fabry@csusm.edu; Hansen, James; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; James.E.Hansen@nasa.gov; Walker, Brian; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Liverman, Diana; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment; Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona ; diana.liverman@eci.ox.ac.uk; Richardson, Katherine; Earth System Science Centre, University of Copenhagen; kari@science.ku.dk; Crutzen, Paul; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; air@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; Foley, Jonathan; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota; jfoley@umn.edu.
Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. We propose a new approach to global sustainability in which we define planetary boundaries within which we expect that humanity can operate safely. Transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental- to planetary-scale systems.   We have identified nine planetary boundaries and, drawing upon current scientific understanding, we propose quantifications for seven of them. These seven are climate change (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere &amp;#60;350 ppm and/or a maximum change...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric aerosol loading; Biogeochemical nitrogen cycle; Biological diversity; Chemical pollution; Climate change; Earth; Global freshwater use; Land system change; Ocean acidification; Phosphorus cycle; Planetary boundaries; Stratospheric ozone; Sustainability.
Ano: 2009

Drivers, "Slow" Variables, "Fast" Variables, Shocks, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian H; CSIRO Ecosystem Science, Australia; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Rockstrom, Johan; Stockholm Resilience Centre, University of Stockholm; johan.rockstrom@sei.se; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre, University of Stockholm; garry.peterson@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Different uses of the terms "drivers," "variables," and "shocks" cause confusion in the literature and in discussions on the dynamics of ecosystems and social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Three main sources of confusion are unclear definition of the system, unclear definition of the role of people, and confusion between variables and drivers.  As a contribution to resolving some of the confusion, we offer one interpretation of how the terms might be used.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Drivers; Fast variables; Resilience; Shocks; Slow variables; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Resilience and Administrative Law
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2013

Impact of Cropping Methods on Biodiversity in Coffee Agroecosystems in Sumatra, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gillison, Andrew N; Center for Biodiversity Management; andy.gillison@austarnet.com.au; Liswanti, Nining; Center for International Forestry Research; n.liswanti@cgiar.org; Budidarsono, Suseno; ; s.budidarsono@cgiar.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; ; :m.van-noordwijk@cgiar.org; Tomich, Thomas P; Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB), World Agroforestry Centre; t.tomich@cgiar.org.
The sustainable management of biodiversity and productivity in forested lands requires an understanding of key interactions between socioeconomic and biophysical factors and their response to environmental change. Appropriate baseline data are rarely available. As part of a broader study on biodiversity and profitability, we examined the impact of different cropping methods on biodiversity (plant species richness) along a subjectively determined land-use intensity gradient in southern Sumatra, ranging from primary and secondary forest to coffee-farming systems (simple, complex, with and without shade crops) and smallholder coffee plantings, at increasing levels of intensity. We used 24 (40 x 5 m) plots to record site physical data, including soil nutrients...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity indicators; Coffee-farming systems; Plant functional types; V-index.
Ano: 2004

Flavor or Forethought: Tuhoe Traditional Management Strategies for the Conservation of Kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae) in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Christopher J; Landcare Research; jonesc@landcareresearch.co.nz; Doherty, James; Tuhoe Tuawhenua Trust;.
Traditional knowledge from indigenous cultures about wildlife populations can offer insights beneficial for management in the face of global climate change. Semistructured interviews and workshops conducted with Maori elders from the Tuhoe tribe in the Te Urewera region of New Zealand provided knowledge about traditional management strategies for New Zealand pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae), known locally as kereru, as well as signals of changes in local climate patterns and how these influence kereru. We used a population simulation exercise to demonstrate the feasibility of a harvest management strategy used by the Tuhoe to sustain kereru. Our models also indicated how potential changes in climate and subsequent decisions about harvest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Customary harvest; Mauri; Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae; New Zealand; Resource management; Traditional knowledge; Podocarpus ferrugineus.
Ano: 2009

Remarkable Properties of Human Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stepp, John Richard; University of Florida; stepp@anthro.ufl.edu; Jones, Eric C; University of Georgia;; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell; ;; Casagrande, David; ;; Zarger, Rebecca K; ;.
This paper explores some of the remarkable properties that set human ecosystems apart from nonhuman ecosystems. The identification of these properties provides a framework for bridging the theoretical and methodological divide between biological ecology and human ecology. The unique information-processing capability of humans in ecosystems is central to this framework. We discuss several manifestations of human cognitive and behavioral abilities, termed "remarkable properties" of human ecosystems. A cross-cultural and historical approach is taken in demonstrating some of these properties. Related to these properties are the ways in which complex functional and dysfunctional or maladaptive processes take place in human ecosystems. We assert that one of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological anthropology; Human ecosystems; Information ecology; Remarkable properties.
Ano: 2003

Enhancing adaptive capacity for restoring fire-dependent ecosystems: the Fire Learning Network&amp;#8217;s Prescribed Fire Training Exchanges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spencer, Andrew G; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; agordonspencer@gmail.com; Schultz, Courtney A; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; courtney.schultz@colostate.edu; Hoffman, Chad M; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; c.hoffman@colostate.edu.
Prescribed fire is a critical tool for promoting restoration and increasing resilience in fire-adapted ecosystems, but there are barriers to its use, including a shortage of personnel with adequate ecological knowledge and operational expertise to implement prescribed fire across multijurisdictional landscapes. In the United States, recognized needs for both professional development and increased use of fire are not being met, often because of institutional limitations. The Fire Learning Network has been characterized as a multiscalar, collaborative network that works to enhance the adaptive capacity of fire management institutions, and this network developed the Prescribed Fire Training Exchanges (TREXs) to address persistent challenges in increasing the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Ecological restoration; Fire Learning Network; Fire management; Prescribed fire; Resilience; Workforce capacity.
Ano: 2015

Implications of Biodiesel-Induced Land-Use Changes for CO2 Emissions: Case Studies in Tropical America, Africa, and Southeast Asia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Achten, Wouter M. J.; Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); wouter.achten@ees.kuleuven.be; Verchot, Louis V; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); l.verchot@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Carbon debt; Greenhouse gas; Life-cycle assessment; Repayment time.
Ano: 2011

Elevated Levels of Herbivory in Urban Landscapes: Are Declines in Tree Health More Than an Edge Effect?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Christie, Fiona J; University of Sydney; christie@bio.usyd.edu.au; Hochuli, Dieter F; University of Sydney; dieter@bio.usyd.edu.au.
Urbanization is one of the most extreme and rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures on the natural world. Urban development has led to substantial fragmentation of areas of natural habitat, resulting in significant impacts on biodiversity and disruptions to ecological processes. We investigated the levels of leaf damage caused by invertebrates in a dominant canopy species in urban remnants in a highly fragmented urban landscape in Sydney, Australia, by assessing the frequency and extent of chewing and surface damage of leaves in urban remnants compared to the edges and interiors of continuous areas of vegetation. Although no difference was detected in the frequency of leaves showing signs of damage at small, edge, and interior sites, small sites suffered...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Urban landscapes; Herbivory; Invertebrates; Urbanization; Remnant vegetation; Fragmentation; Leaf damage; Australia.
Ano: 2005

Syndromes of Production in Agriculture: Prospects for Social-Ecological Regime Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vandermeer, John H.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan; jvander@umich.edu; Perfecto, Ivette; School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan; perfecto@umich.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Production syndromes; Regime change; Stability.
Ano: 2012

Trust, confidence, and equity affect the legitimacy of natural resource governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turner, Rachel A; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter; r.turner@exeter.ac.uk; Addison, Jane; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water; jane.addison023@gmail.com; Arias, Adrian; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; adrian.arias@my.jcu.edu.au; Bergseth, Brock J; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; brock.bergseth@my.jcu.edu.au; Marshall, Nadine A; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University; nadine.marshall@csiro.au; Morrison, Tiffany H; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; tiffany.morrison@jcu.edu.au; Tobin, Renae C; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University;  Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University; renae.tobin@jcu.edu.au.
Social-ecological systems are often highly complex, making effective governance a considerable challenge. In large, heterogeneous systems, hierarchical institutional regimes may be efficient, but effective management outcomes are dependent on stakeholder support. This support is shaped by perceptions of legitimacy, which risks being undermined where resource users are not engaged in decision-making. Although legitimacy is demonstrably critical for effective governance, less is known about the factors contributing to stakeholders&amp;#8217; perceptions of legitimacy or how these perceptions are socially differentiated. We quantitatively assessed stakeholder perceptions of legitimacy (indicated by support for rules) and their contributory factors among 307...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Great Barrier Reef; Justice; Marine conservation; Tourism; Trust.
Ano: 2016

Can Resilience be Reconciled with Globalization and the Increasingly Complex Conditions of Resource Degradation in Asian Coastal Regions?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armitage, Derek; Wilfrid Laurier University; darmitag@wlu.ca; Johnson, Derek; Centre for Maritime Research; dsjohnson@marecentre.nl.
This paper explores the relationship between resilience and globalization. We are concerned, most importantly, with whether resilience is a suitable conceptual framework for natural resource management in the context of the rapid changes and disruptions that globalization causes in social-ecological systems. Although theoretical in scope, we ground this analysis using our experiences in two Asian coastal areas: Junagadh District in Gujarat State, India and Banawa Selatan, in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We present the histories of resource exploitation in the two areas, and we attempt to combine a resilience perspective with close attention to the impact of globalization. Our efforts serve as a basis from which to examine the conceptual and practical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Resilience; Complexity; India; Indonesia; Resource management; Coastal management; Social-ecological system; Sustainability.
Ano: 2006

Implementation arrangements for climate adaptation in the Netherlands:  characteristics and underlying mechanisms of adaptive governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Buuren, Arwin; Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam; vanbuuren@fsw.eur.nl; Keessen, Andrea M.; Utrecht Centre for Water Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University; a.m.keessen@uu.nl; van Leeuwen, Corniel; Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam; leeuwen@fsw.eur.nl; Eshuis, Jasper; Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam; eshuis@fsw.eur.nl; Ellen, Gerald Jan; Urban Water and Subsurface Management, Deltares; geraldjan.ellen@deltares.nl.
Adaptation to climate change is a rapidly emerging policy domain.  Over the last decade we have witnessed many attempts to enhance the climate robustness of agriculture, urban development, water systems, and nature to an increase in flood and drought risks due to a higher variability in rainfall patterns and sea level rise. In the vulnerable Dutch delta, regional authorities have developed adaptation measures that deal with flood risk, the availability of fresh water, subsidence, and salt water intrusion. In view of all the uncertainties that surround climate change, scientists emphasize that it should be possible to make changes when conditions change or insights evolve. The concept of adaptive governance has been introduced to facilitate the process of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Climate adaptation; Flexible arrangements; Governance; Implementation.
Ano: 2015

Climate-induced community relocations: using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bronen, Robin; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Institute for Justice; robin.bronen@akijp.org.
Extreme weather events coupled with sea level rise and erosion will cause coastal and riverine areas where people live and maintain livelihoods to disappear permanently.  Adaptation to these environmental changes, including the permanent relocation of millions of people, requires new governance tools.  In the USA, local governments, often with state-level and national-level support, will be primarily responsible for protecting residents from climate-change impacts and implementing policies needed to protect their welfare.  Government agencies have a variety of tools to facilitate protection in place and managed coastal retreat but have very limited tools to facilitate community relocation.  In addition, no institutional mechanism currently exists to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Coastal retreat; Community relocation; Social-ecological monitoring and assessment.
Ano: 2015

Bissonette, J. A., and I. Storch, editors. 2003. Landscape Ecology and Resource Management. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoennagel, Tania; University of Colorado-Boulder; tschoe@colorado.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Navigating the adaptive cycle: an approach to managing the resilience of social systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fath, Brian D; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University; bfath@towson.edu; Dean, Carly A; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; carly.ann.dean@gmail.com; Katzmair, Harald; FAS.research; harald.katzmair@fas.at.
The concept of resilience continues to crescendo since the 1990s, touching on multiple fields with multiple interpretations and uses. Here, we start from its origins in systems ecology, framing the resilience concept explicitly in the adaptive cycle with the observation that resilient systems are ones that successfully navigate all stages of growth, development, collapse, and reorientation of this cycle. The model is explored in terms of the traps and pathologies that hinder this successful navigation, particularly when applied to socioeconomic organizations and decision-management situations. For example, for continuous function over the adaptive life cycle, a system needs activation energy or resources to grow, followed by adequate structure and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Collapse; Development; Growth; Re-orientation; Resilience; Succession; Thresholds.
Ano: 2015

Quantifying Biodiversity for Building Resilience for Food Security in Urban Landscapes:  Getting Down to Business
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Polasky, Steven; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota ; polasky@umn.edu.
A steady stream of ecosystem services is essential for human welfare and survival, and it has been convincingly shown that these flows are being eroded. Compelling theoretical knowledge about essential connections between ecosystem service generation, biodiversity, and resilience in social-ecological systems already exists; however, we still, to a great extent, lack spatially explicit quantitative assessments for translating this theoretical knowledge into practice. We propose an approach for measuring the change in flow and resilience of a regulating ecosystem service on a landscape scale over time when the landscape is exposed to both land use change due to urban expansion, and change in a large-scale economic driver.  Our results quantitatively show...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Food security; Functional diversity; Pollination; Resilience; Response diversity; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2010

Invasion of Matrix Species in Small Habitat Patches
Provedor de dados: 7
The diversity, expressed as species richness in equal-sized samples, of wood-living beetles in successional stages of deciduous forest after forest fires approximately 100 years ago did not differ between patch sizes in this study. Thus, the crucial question for conservation is whether the lack of reduction in diversity in small patches means that a number of small patches can elevate the regional diversity as efficiently as can one larger area. In the present study, the smaller patches did not differ from larger patches in substrate availability, quality, or heterogeneity. The frequency of a group of species was measured as the number of occurrences, viz. the number of trees on which a species was found, summed over all species in the group. The number of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alpha (local) diversity; Beta (between-habitats) diversity; Deciduous forest; Disturbance; Diversity; Fire; Gamma (regional) diversity; Invasion; Matrix habitat; Patch size; Species-richness.
Ano: 1999

Ecosystem Services are Social&amp;#8211;ecological Services in a Traditional Pastoral System: the Case of California&amp;#8217;s Mediterranean Rangelands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huntsinger, Lynn; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley; huntsinger@berkeley.edu.
When attempting to value ecosystem services and support their production, two critical aspects may be neglected. The term &amp;#8220;ecosystem services&amp;#8221; implies that they are a function of natural processes; yet, human interaction with the environment may be key to the production of many. This can contribute to a misconception that ecosystem service production depends on, or is enhanced by, the coercion or removal of human industry. Second, in programs designed to encourage ecosystem service production and maintenance, too often the inter-relationship of such services with social and ecological processes and drivers at multiple scales is ignored. Thinking of such services as &amp;#8220;social&amp;#8211;ecological services&amp;#8221; can reinforce...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Endangered species  landscape  pasture  ranching  scale  social&amp;#8211; Ecological system  vernal pools.
Ano: 2014

Natural Length Scales of Ecological Systems: Applications at Community and Ecosystem Levels
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Craig R; ; craig.johnson@utas.edu.au.
The characteristic, or natural, length scales of a spatially dynamic ecological landscape are the spatial scales at which the deterministic trends in the dynamic are most sharply in focus. Given recent development of techniques to determine the characteristic length scales (CLSs) of real ecological systems, I explore the potential for using CLSs to address three important and vexing issues in applied ecology, viz. (i) determining the optimum scales to monitor ecological systems, (ii) interpreting change in ecological communities, and (iii) ascertaining connectivity between species in complex ecologies. In summarizing the concept of characteristic length scales as system-level scaling thresholds, I emphasize that the primary CLS is, by definition, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Attractor reconstruction; Characteristic length scale; Community change; Connectivity; Monitoring; Natural length scale; Scaling threshold.
Ano: 2009

Is the Jury Still Out? Toward Greater Insight in Policy Learning in Participatory Decision Processes&amp;#8212;the Case of Dutch Citizens' Juries on Water Management in the Rhine Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; VU University Amsterdam - Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM); dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Cornelisse, Corinne; VU University Amsterdam - Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM); corinne.cornelisse@ivm.vu.nl; Ottow, Bouke; Deltares; bouke.ottow@deltares.nl.
This article discusses the potential for policy learning offered by participatory processes, specifically so-called citizens' juries. We establish the need for policy learning by pointing to the increased complexity of water management tasks and challenges. A conceptual discussion subsequently distinguishes between cognitive, normative, and relational learning. The public participation literature suggests that participatory processes will contribute to various forms of learning. We assess the truth of this assumption on the basis of three case studies: citizens' juries on water management in the Dutch part of Rhine basin. We analyze whether the three forms of learning have occurred among jurors, and among policy makers. We find high levels of cognitive,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen participation; Citizens' jury; Policy learning; Rhine river; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Application of Structured Decision Making to an Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Options for Sustainable Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ogden, Aynslie E; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; Forest Management Branch, Government of Yukon; aynslie.ogden@gov.yk.ca; Innes, John L; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; john.innes@ubc.ca.
A logical starting point for climate change adaptation in the forest sector is to proactively identify management practices and policies that have a higher likelihood of achieving management objectives across a wide range of potential climate futures. This should be followed by implementation of these options and monitoring their success in achieving management objectives within an adaptive management context. Here, we implement an approach to identify locally appropriate adaptation options by tapping into the experiential knowledge base of local forest practitioners while at the same time, building capacity within this community to implement the results. We engaged 30 forest practitioners who are involved with the implementation of a regional forest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Impacts; Structured decision making; Sustainable forest management; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2009

Social-Ecological Transformation for Ecosystem Management: the Development of Adaptive Co-management of a Wetland Landscape in Southern Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Per; Center for Transdisciplinary Environmental Research; potto@system.ecology.su.se; Folke, Carl; ;; Hahn, Thomas; ;.
We analyze the emergence of an adaptive co-management system for wetland landscape governance in southern Sweden, a process where unconnected management by several actors in the landscape was mobilized, renewed, and reconfigured into ecosystem management within about a decade. Our analysis highlights the social mechanisms behind the transformation toward ecosystem management. The self-organizing process was triggered by perceived threats among members of various local stewardship associations and local government to the area&amp;#8217;s cultural and ecological values. These threats challenged the development of ecosystem services in the area. We show how one individual, a key leader, played an instrumental role in directing change and transforming...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptability; Adaptive co-management; Ecosystem management; Key individuals; Leaders of change; Organizational change; Resilience; Self-organization; Social memory; Social-ecological systems; Transformability.
Ano: 2004

Redefining Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ward, David Jefford; Private; mumpnpop@iinet.net.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Effects of Heterogeneity in Residential Preferences on an Agent-Based Model of Urban Sprawl
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brown, Daniel G.; University of Michigan; danbrown@umich.edu; Robinson, Derek T.; University of Michigan; dtrobins@umich.edu.
The ability of agent-based models (ABMs) to represent heterogeneity in the characteristics and behaviors of actors enables analyses about the implications of this heterogeneity for system behavior. The importance of heterogeneity in the specification of ABMs, however, creates new demands for empirical support. An earlier analysis of a survey of residential preferences within southeastern Michigan revealed seven groups of residents with similar preferences on similar characteristics of location. In this paper, we present an ABM that represents the process of residential development within an urban system and run it for a hypothetical pattern of environmental variation. Residential locations are selected by residential agents, who evaluate locations on the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Social surveys; Spatial modeling; Urban sprawl.
Ano: 2006

Conservation of Places Versus Processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trimble, Kevin; ESG International; ktrimble@esg.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods: approaching indigenous ecological knowledge heterogeneity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spoon, Jeremy; Portland State University; jspoon@pdx.edu.
I discuss the use of quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods to document and operationalize Indigenous ecological knowledge, using case studies from the Nepalese Himalaya and Great Basin. Both case studies applied results to natural and cultural resource management and interpretation for the public. These approaches attempt to reposition the interview subjects to serve as active contributors to the research and its outcomes. I argue that the study of any body of Indigenous knowledge requires a context-specific methodology and mutually agreed upon processes and outcomes. In the Nepalese Himalaya, I utilized linked quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how tourism influenced Sherpa place-based spiritual concepts, species, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative methods; Great Basin; Himalayas; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Linked quantitative and qualitative methods; Numic peoples (Southern Paiute and Western Shoshone); Sherpa.
Ano: 2014

The problem of spatial fit in social-ecological systems: detecting mismatches between ecological connectivity and land management in an urban region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bergsten, Arvid; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; arvid.bergsten@su.se; Galafassi, Diego; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; diego.galafassi@su.se.
The problem of institutional fit in social-ecological systems has been empirically documented and conceptually discussed for decades, yet there is a shortage of approaches to systematically and quantitatively examine the level of fit. We address this gap, focusing on spatial fit in an urban and peri-urban regional landscape. Such landscapes typically exhibit significant fragmentation of remnant habitats, which can limit critical species dispersal. This may have detrimental effects on species persistence and ecosystem functioning if land use is planned without consideration of the spatial patterns of fragmentation. Managing habitat fragmentation is particularly challenging when the scale of fragmentation reaches beyond the control of single managers,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Graph theory; Institutional fit; Landscape; Network; Planning; Scale mismatch; Spatial mismatch; Stockholm; Urban; Wetland.
Ano: 2014

Cost&amp;#8211;Benefit Analyses of Mitigation Measures Aimed at Reducing Collisions with Large Ungulates in the United States and Canada: a Decision Support Tool
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huijser, Marcel P.; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University; mhuijser@coe.montana.edu; Duffield, John W.; University of Montana, Department of Mathematical Sciences; John.Duffield@mso.umt.edu; Clevenger, Anthony P.; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University; apclevenger@gmail.com; Ament, Robert J.; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University; rament@coe.montana.edu; McGowen, Pat T.; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University; PatM@coe.montana.edu.
Wildlife&amp;#8211;vehicle collisions, especially with deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus elaphus), and moose (Alces alces) are numerous and have shown an increasing trend over the last several decades in the United States and Canada. We calculated the costs associated with the average deer&amp;#8211;, elk&amp;#8211;, and moose&amp;#8211;vehicle collision, including vehicle repair costs, human injuries and fatalities, towing, accident attendance and investigation, monetary value to hunters of the animal killed in the collision, and cost of disposal of the animal carcass. In addition, we reviewed the effectiveness and costs of 13 mitigation measures considered effective in reducing collisions with large ungulates. We conducted cost&amp;#8211;benefit...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Animal&amp;#8211; Vehicle collisions; Cost&amp;#8211; Benefit analysis; Deer; Economic; Effectiveness; Elk; Human injuries and fatalities; Mitigation measures; Moose; Roadkill; Ungulate; Vehicle repair cost; Wildlife&amp;#8211; Vehicle collision.
Ano: 2009

Human&amp;#8211;Nature Relationship in Mediterranean Streams: Integrating Different Types of Knowledge to Improve Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clemente, Adelaide; Environmental Biology Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; maclemente@fc.ul.pt; Nielsen, Kurt Aagaard; Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, University of Roskilde; aagaard@ruc.dk; Branquinho, Cristina; Environmental Biology Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; cmbranquinho@fc.ul.pt.
The social and ecological systems of Mediterranean streams are intrinsically linked as a result of long human occupation. In this region, these links vary greatly across small distances due to geomorphology, resulting in great diversity across space, which poses particular challenges for understanding and managing these systems. This demands (i) interdisciplinary integration of knowledge that focuses on the social&amp;#8211;ecological interactions, while according due consideration to the whole; and also (ii) transdisciplinary integration, integrating lay and expert knowledge to understand local specificities. To address these needs&amp;#8212;a focus on interactions and local knowledge&amp;#8212;the research presented here studies the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-evolution; Ecological indicators; Interdisciplinary; Local knowledge; Natural resource management; Portugal; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Transdisciplinary.
Ano: 2009

Integrating traditional knowledge when it appears to conflict with conservation: lessons from the discovery and protection of sitatunga in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McPherson, Jana M.; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; janam@calgaryzoo.com; Sammy, Joy; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; Protected Areas and Poverty Reduction Canada-Africa Learning Alliance, Vancouver Island University; joy.sammy@gmail.com; Sheppard, Donna J.; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; Nature Conservation Research Centre; Protected Areas and Poverty Reduction Canada-Africa Learning Alliance, Vancouver Island University; Rural Studies, School of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph; donnas@calgaryzoo.com; Mason, John J.; Nature Conservation Research Centre; jos091963@gmail.com; Brichieri-Colombi, Typhenn A.; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; TyphenBC@calgaryzoo.com; Moehrenschlager, Axel; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; axelm@calgaryzoo.com.
Cultural traditions can conflict with modern conservation goals when they promote damage to fragile environments or the harvest of imperiled species. We explore whether and how traditional, culturally motivated species exploitation can nonetheless aid conservation by examining the recent &amp;#8220;discovery&amp;#8221; in Avu Lagoon, Ghana, of sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii gratus), a species familiar to locals, but not previously scientifically recorded in Ghana and regionally assumed extinct. Specifically, we investigate what role traditional beliefs, allied hunting practices, and the associated traditional ecological knowledge have played in the species&amp;#8217; discovery and subsequent community-based conservation; how they might influence future...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anlo-Keta Lagoon Complex; Community-based conservation; Local knowledge; Shrines; Traditional beliefs; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional species harvest; Tragelaphus spekii gratus.
Ano: 2016

Impacts of Unsustainable Mahogany Logging in Bolivia and Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kometter, Roberto F; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; kometter@lamolina01.lamolina.edu.pe; Martinez, Martha; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; m.martinez@conservation.org; Blundell, Arthur G; EGAT Forest Team, USAID; art.blundell@alum.dartmouth.org; Gullison, Raymond E; Hardner &amp; Gullison Associates; ted@hg-llc.com; Steininger, Marc K; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; m.steininger@conservation.org; Rice, Richard E; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; d.rice@conservation.org.
Although bigleaf mahogany [Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)] is the premier timber species of Latin America, its exploitation is unsustainable because of a pattern of local depletion and shifting supply. We surveyed experts on the status of mahogany in Bolivia and Peru, the world's past and present largest exporters. Bolivia no longer has commercially viable mahogany (trees &amp;gt; 60 cm diameter at breast height) across 79% of its range. In Peru, mahogany's range has shrunk by 50%, and, within a decade, a further 28% will be logged out. Approximately 15% of the mahogany range in these two countries is protected, but low densities and illegal logging mean that this overestimates the extent of mahogany under protection. The international community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bolivia; Latin America; Peru; Expert survey; Forest conservation; Forest inventories; Forest regeneration; Mahogany; Protected areas; Questionnaire; Range; Sustainable forestry.
Ano: 2004

Modeling the Effect of Traffic Calming on Local Animal Population Persistence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Langevelde, Frank; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; frank.vanlangevelde@wur.nl; Jaarsma, Catharinus F.; Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University; rinus.jaarsma@wur.nl.
A steady growth in traffic volumes in industrialized countries with dense human populations is expected, especially on minor roads. As a consequence, the fragmentation of wildlife populations will increase dramatically. In human-dominated landscapes, typically minor roads occur in high densities, and animals encounter them frequently. Traffic calming is a new approach to mitigate negative impacts by reducing traffic volumes and speeds on minor roads at a regional scale. This leads to a distinction between roads with low volumes as being part of the traffic-calmed area, whereas roads with bundled traffic are located around this area. Within the traffic-calmed area, volumes and speeds can be decreased substantially; this is predicted to decrease the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Habitat fragmentation; Metapopulation theory; Mitigation; Road ecology; Traffic calming; Transportation planning.
Ano: 2009

Seeing the forest for the trees: hybridity and social-ecological symbols, rituals and resilience in postdisaster contexts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tidball, Keith G.; Cornell University, USA; kgtidball@cornell.edu.
The role of community-based natural resources management in the form of  &amp;#8220;greening&amp;#8221; after large scale system shocks and surprises is argued to provide multiple benefits via engagement with living elements of social-ecological systems and subsequent enhanced resilience at multiple scales.  The importance of so-called social-ecological symbols, especially the potent hybrid symbols of trees and their handling after a disaster is interrogated. The paper explores the notion of hybridity, and applies it to the hybrid symbol of the tree in postdisaster contexts.  The paper briefly highlights three U.S. cases documenting the symbolic roles of trees in a context of significant shock to a social-ecological system: the terrorist attacks on New...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Disaster; Hybridity; Resilience; Social science; Symbolism; Trees.
Ano: 2014

Complex Land Systems: the Need for Long Time Perspectives to Assess their Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dearing, John A.; University of Southampton; j.dearing@soton.ac.uk; Braimoh, Ademola K.; Global Land Project, Sapporo Nodal Office, Hokkaido University; World Bank; abraimoh@glp.hokudai.ac.jp; Reenberg, Anette; Global Land Project, International Project Office, University of Copenhagen; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Turner, Billie L.; Arizona State University; Billie.L.Turner@asu.edu; van der Leeuw, Sander; Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu.
The growing awareness about the need to anticipate the future of land systems focuses on how well we understand the interactions between society and environmental processes within a complexity framework. A major barrier to understanding is insufficient attention given to long (multidecadal) temporal perspectives on complex system behavior that can provide insights through both analog and evolutionary approaches. Analogs are useful in generating typologies of generic system behavior, whereas evolutionary assessments provide insight into site-specific system properties. Four dimensions of these properties: (1) trends and trajectories, (2) frequencies, thresholds and alternate steady states, (3) slow and fast processes, and (4) legacies and contingencies, are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Complex systems; Global Land Project; Land systems; Multidecadal timescales; Resilience; Socioecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2010

A Fractal Landscape Realizer for Generating Synthetic Maps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hargrove, William; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; hnw@fire.esd.ornl.gov; Hoffman, Forrest M; Oak Ridge National Laboratory;; Schwartz, Paul M; ;.
A fractal landscape realizer has been developed that generates synthetic landscape maps to user specifications. The alternative landscape realizations are not identical to the actual maps after which they are patterned, but are similar statistically (i.e., the areas and fractal character of each category are replicated). A fractal or self-affine pattern generator is used to provide a spatial probability surface for each category in the synthetic map. The Fractal Realizer arbitrates contentions among categories in a way that makes it possible to preserve the fractal patterns of all the categories in the resulting synthetic landscape. Each synthetic landscape is one equally likely realization from among an infinite ensemble of possible fractal landscape...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: FRAGSTATS; Fractal Realizer; Turing Test; Categorical maps; Fractal; Landscape ecology; Neutral model; Null model; Pattern; Pseudoreplication; Realization; Simulation; Synthetic map.
Ano: 2002

The Effects of Urban Sprawl on Birds at Multiple Levels of Biological Organization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blair, Robert; University of Minnesota; blairrb@umn.edu.
Urban sprawl affects the environment in myriad ways and at multiple levels of biological organization. In this paper I explore the effects of sprawl on native bird communities by comparing the occurrence of birds along gradients of urban land use in southwestern Ohio and northern California and by examining patterns at the individual, species, community, landscape, and continental levels. I do this by assessing the distribution and abundance of all bird species occupying sites of differing land-use intensity in Ohio and California. Additionally, I conducted predation experiments using artificial nests, tracked the nest fate of American Robins and Northern Cardinals, and assessed land cover in these sites. At the individual level, predation on artificial...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian community; California; Cardinalis cardinalis; Extinction; Faunal homogenization; Invasion; Landscape heterogeneity; Nesting success; Ohio; Predation; Turdus migratorius; Urbanization.
Ano: 2004

Public forest policy development in New Brunswick, Canada: multiple streams approach, advocacy coalition framework, and the role of science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, William F. A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management; banderso@unb.ca; MacLean, David A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management; macleand@unb.ca.
In a 15-year case study, we used the multiple streams approach (MSA) and the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to examine a controversial industry-led proposal for increased harvest of Crown forests in New Brunswick, Canada, in an adversarial policy subsystem. Study participants were queried on their perceptions of policy problems and reasons for community attention, the relationship between science and policy, and whether policy decisions were consistent with scientific understanding. Thematic analysis was used to examine interview data for evidence of Kingdon&amp;#8217;s MSA and Sabatier&amp;#8217;s ACF. During public hearings of a Legislative Select Committee on Wood Supply, two competing policy alternatives emerged. The first, put forward by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crown forests; Forest management; Forest policy; Government agenda; Jaakko P&amp;#246; Yry report; Policy; Policy-oriented learning; Policy windows.
Ano: 2015

Detection and Assessment of Ecosystem Regime Shifts from Fisher Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Karunanithi, Arunprakash T; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268; karunanithi.arunprakash@epa.gov; Cabezas, Heriberto; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268; cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov; Frieden, B. Roy; University of Arizona, Optical Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85721; roy.frieden@optics.arizona.edu; Pawlowski, Christopher W.; RD Zande and Associates, Cincinnati, OH 45249; cw_pawlowski@yahoo.com.
Ecosystem regime shifts, which are long-term system reorganizations, have profound implications for sustainability. There is a great need for indicators of regime shifts, particularly methods that are applicable to data from real systems. We have developed a form of Fisher information that measures dynamic order in complex systems. Here we propose the use of Fisher information as a means of: (1) detecting dynamic regime shifts in ecosystems, and (2) assessing the quality of the shift in terms of intensity and pervasiveness. Intensity is reflected by the degree of change in dynamic order, as determined by Fisher information, and pervasiveness is a reflection of how many observable variables are affected by the change. We present a new robust methodology to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystems; Fisher information; Marine ecosystem; Regime shifts; Resilience; Sustainability.
Ano: 2008

How fit turns into misfit and back: Institutional Transformations of Pastoral Commons in African Floodplains
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haller, Tobias; University of Bern, Institute of Social Anthropology; haller@anthro.unibe.ch; Fokou, Gilbert; NCCR North-South, University of Bern, Switzerland University of Yaounde, Cameroon; gilbertfokou@yahoo.fr; Mbeyale, Gimbage; Soikoine University, Tanzania; gimbage@yahoo.com; Meroka, Patrick; University of Zurich, Switzerland; meroka2004@yahoo.de.
We enlarge the notion of institutional fit using theoretical approaches from New Institutionalism, including rational choice and strategic action, political ecology and constructivist approaches. These approaches are combined with ecological approaches (system and evolutionary ecology) focusing on feedback loops and change. We offer results drawn from a comparison of fit and misfit cases of institutional change in pastoral commons in four African floodplain contexts (Zambia, Cameroon, Tanzania (two cases). Cases of precolonial fit and misfit in the postcolonial past, as well as a case of institutional fit in the postcolonial phase, highlight important features, specifically, flexible institutions, leadership, and mutual economic benefit under specific...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: African floodplains; Governance; Institutional change; Institutional fit; New Institutionalism; Pastoral commons.
Ano: 2013

Rethinking legal objectives for climate-adaptive conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDonald, Jan; Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology; jan.mcdonald@utas.edu.au; McCormack, Phillipa C; Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania; phillipa.mccormack@utas.edu.au; Fleming, Aysha J; CSIRO Land and Water; Centre for Marine Socioecology; aysha.fleming@csiro.au; Harris, Rebecca M.B.; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania; r.m.b.harris@utas.edu.au; Lockwood, Michael; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; Michael.Lockwood@utas.edu.au.
This paper examines conservation objectives in Australian law in the context of climate change. The rate of climate change and the scale and extent of its impacts on natural systems drive the need to re-evaluate current conservation objectives, from basic concept definitions, to overarching goals and values, to the way they are operationalized at all levels. We outline the case for reform of objectives in the legal framework for conservation and discuss three key strategies that would facilitate this transition: (1) acknowledgment in conservation law of system dynamism; (2) focus on ecosystem function, stability, and resilience; and (3) an explicit recognition that systems operate across multiple scales. Law reform is a slow process, but the potential of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Conservation law; Conservation objectives; Law reform.
Ano: 2016

An Integrated Approach to Analyzing (Adaptive) Comanagement Using the &amp;#8220;Politicized&amp;#8221; IAD Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whaley, Luke; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University; l.whaley@cranfield.ac.uk; Weatherhead, Edward K.; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University; k.weatherhead@cranfield.ac.uk.
Scholars of comanagement are faced with a difficult methodological challenge. As comanagement has evolved and diversified it has increasingly merged with the field of adaptive management and related concepts that derive from resilience thinking and complex adaptive systems theory. In addition to earlier considerations of power sharing, institution building, and trust, the adaptive turn in comanagement has brought attention to the process of social learning and a focus on concepts such as scale, self-organization, and system trajectory. At the same time, a number of scholars are calling for a more integrated approach to studying (adaptive) comanagement that is able to situate these normative concepts within a critical understanding of how context and power...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Adaptive comanagement; IAD Framework; Politicized IAD Framework; Methodology; Institutions; Power; Discourse; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

The Dynamics of Social Capital and Conflict Management in Multiple Resource Regimes:  A Case of the Southwestern Highlands of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sanginga, Pascal C; International Centre for Tropical Agriculture -CIAT; p.sanginga@cgiar.org; Kamugisha, Rick N; Africa Highlands Initiative; rnkamugisha@yahoo.com; Martin, Andrienne M; Natural Resources Institute; A.M.Martin@greenwich.ac.uk.
Increasingly, social capital, defined as shared norms, trust, and the horizontal and vertical social networks that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutually beneficial collective action, is seen as an important asset upon which people rely to manage natural resources and resolve conflicts. This paper uses empirical data from households and community surveys and case studies, to examine the role, strengths, and limits of social capital in managing conflicts over the use and management of natural resources. We inventoried over 700 cases ranging from conflicts between multiple resource users to supra-community conflicts between local communities concerns for better livelihoods and national/international concerns for environment conservation....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bylaws; Conflicts; Gender; Highlands; Natural resources management; Social capital; Synergy; Uganda.
Ano: 2007

Shifting Restoration Policy to Address Landscape Change, Novel Ecosystems, and Monitoring
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zedler, Joy B; University of Wisconsin-Madison; jbzedler@wisc.edu; Doherty, James M.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; jdohert1@gmail.com; Miller, Nicholas A.; The Nature Conservancy ; nmiller@tnc.org.
Policy to guide ecological restoration needs to aim toward minimizing the causes of ecosystem degradation; where causes cannot be eliminated or minimized, policy needs to shift toward accommodating irreversible landscape alterations brought about by climate change, nitrogen deposition, altered hydrology, degraded soil, and declining biodiversity. The degree to which lost diversity and ecosystem services can be recovered depends on the extent and nature of landscape change. For wetlands that occur at the base of watersheds that have been developed for agriculture or urban centers, the inflows of excess water, sediment, and nutrients can be permanent and can severely challenge efforts to restore historical services, including biodiversity support. In such...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive restoration; Conservation of biodiversity; Ecological restoration; Ecosystem services; Landscape alteration; Watershed plan; Wetland.
Ano: 2012

Rethinking Partnerships with the Aim of Producing Knowledge with Practical Relevance: a Case Study in the Field of Ecological Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Researchers in conservation biology and restoration ecology often work in partnership with local actors to increase the practical relevance of the knowledge they produce. Although an academic mode of knowledge production is essential in research for a better understanding of biological systems, it often fails to produce frameworks and methodologies having practical relevance that can be used in conservation and restoration programs.  The involvement of researchers in collective plans of action is supposed to contribute to the production of a more contextualized  form of knowledge. In this paper, we report our experience of partnership research in an ecological restoration project. We show that changing our mode of knowledge production to one that produces...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation biology; Genetic resources; Local seeds; Mode of knowledge production; Native species; Problem-finding; Pyrenees; Seed transfer zones; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2008

Negotiation Support Models for Integrated Natural Resource Management in Tropical Forest Margins
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Noordwijk, Meine; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF SE Asia; M.van-noordwijk@cgiar.org; Tomich, Thomas P; Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB), World Agroforestry Centre; t.tomich@cgiar.org; Verbist, Bruno; ; B.Verbist@cgiar.org.
Natural resource management research has to evolve from a focus on plans, maps, and regulations to an acknowledgment of the complex, sometimes chaotic, reality in the field, with a large number of actors making their own decisions. As outside actors, we can only try to facilitate and support a process of negotiation among the stakeholders. Such negotiation involves understanding the perspectives of all stakeholders, analyzing complementarities in views, identifying where differences may be settled by &amp;#8220;science,&amp;#8221; where science and social action can bring innovative alternatives for reconciliation, and where compromises will be necessary to move ahead. We distinguish between natural resource management problems at village level, within...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Adaptive learning; Adaptive options; Agroforests; Integrated natural resource management; Land-use change scenarios; Negotiation support models; Quantitative impact assessments; Scaling rules; Stakeholders; Sustainability assessments; Tropical forest margins.
Ano: 2001

Conservation and Development in Latin America and Southern Africa: Setting the Stage
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Romero, Claudia; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; romero@ufl.edu; Athayde, Simone; Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; simonea@ufl.edu; Collomb, Jean-Gael E.; Wildlife Conservation Network; jgcollomb@gmail.com; DiGiano, Maria; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; marimardig@mac.com; Schmink, Marianne; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; schmink@LATAM.UFL.EDU; Schramski, Sam; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; schramski@ufl.edu; Seales, Lisa; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; lisaseal@ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Complex social-ecological systems; Conservation; Development; Knowledge networks; Local institutions; Economic incentives; Latin America.
Ano: 2012

Navigating the Back Loop: Fostering Social Innovation and Transformation in Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Reinette; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo, Canada; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Carpenter, Stephen R.; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Addressing the environmental challenges of the 21st century requires substantial changes to the way modern society views and manages ecosystems. In particular, many authors contend that fundamental transformation of the largely sectoral, expert-centered ecosystem-management institutions of modern, Western societies is needed. There is increasing agreement that more adaptive, integrated, collaborative ecosystem-management approaches, interlinked at multiple scales, would improve society&amp;#8217;s ability to sustainably manage complex social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Therefore, understanding processes of transformation, and factors that may enable transformation in ecosystem management, has become an active research area. We explore...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Bridging organization; Co-management; Complex systems; Ecosystem management; Social entrepeneur; Social innovation; Transformation.
Ano: 2010

REDD+ policy networks in Brazil: constraints and opportunities for successful policy making
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gebara, Maria Fernanda; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Center for International Forestry Research; Department of International Development, LSE; mfgebara@gmail.com; Fatorelli, Leandra;  Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds; lfatorelli@gmail.com; May, Peter; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Center for International Forestry Research; peter.may@amazonia.org.br; Zhang, Shaozeng; University of California; zhangs@uci.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actors; Brazil; Networks; Policy making; REDD+.
Ano: 2014

Climate adaptation, institutional change, and sustainable livelihoods of herder communities in northern Tibet
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Jun; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Key Laboratory for Human and Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; junw0813@gmail.com; Wang, Yang; National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China; wangy8610@gmail.com; Li, Shuangcheng; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; scli0815@gmail.com; Qin, Dahe; National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China; dhqin4015@gmail.com.
The Tibetan grassland social-ecological systems are widely held to be highly vulnerable to climate change. We aim to investigate livelihood adaptation strategies of herder households and the types of local institutions that shaped those adaptation strategies. We examined the barriers and opportunities for strengthening adaptive capacity of local herder communities. We designed and implemented a household survey in the herder communities of northern Tibet. The survey results showed that migratory grazing has become less feasible. Storage, diversification, and market exchange have become the dominant adaptation strategies. The adaptation strategies of local herders have been reshaped by local institutional change. Local governmental and market institutions...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Herder communities; Institutional change; Sustainable livelihoods; Tibetan Plateau.
Ano: 2016

The action cycle/structural context framework: a fisheries application
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Webster, D.G.; Dartmouth College; D.G.Webster@Dartmouth.Edu.
There is a growing consensus that environmental governance is a wicked problem that requires understanding of the many linkages and feedbacks between human and natural systems. Here, I propose an action cycle/structural context (AC/SC) framework that is based on the concept of responsive governance, in which individuals and decision makers respond to problems rather than working to prevent them. By linking agency and structure, the AC/SC framework points out two key problems in the realm of environmental governance: the profit disconnect, whereby economic signals of environmental harm are dampened by endogenous or exogenous forces, and the power disconnect, whereby those who feel the costs of harm are politically marginalized and so have little influence...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Resident perceptions of natural resources between cities and across scales in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morzillo, Anita T.; Department of Natural Resources &amp; the Environment, University of Connecticut; anita.morzillo@uconn.edu; Kreakie, Betty J.; US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division; kreakie.betty@epa.gov; Netusil, Noelwah R.; Reed College, Department of Economics; netusil@reed.edu; Yeakley, J. Alan; University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Geography and Environmental Systems; yeakley@pdx.edu; Ozawa, Connie P.; Portland State University, Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning; ozawac@pdx.edu; Duncan, Sally L.; Oregon State University, School of Public Policy; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu.
As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative approach and survey of residents within the Portland (Oregon)-Vancouver (Washington) metropolitan areas, USA,  two states with similar geographical and ecological characteristics, but different approaches to land-use planning, to explore resident perceptions about natural resources at three scales of analysis: property level (&amp;#8220;at or near my house&amp;#8221;), neighborhood (&amp;#8220;within a 20-minute walk from my house&amp;#8221;), and metro level (&amp;#8220;across the metro area&amp;#8221;). At the metro-level scale, nonmetric...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Human dimensions; Landscape ecology; Natural resources; Pacific Northwest; Perceptions; Urban ecosystems.
Ano: 2016

Apollonio, S. 2002. Hierarchical Perspectives on Marine Complexities: Searching for Systems in the Gulf of Maine. Complexity in Ecological Systems Series. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Essington, Tim; Stony Brook University; Timothy.Essington@sunysb.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

From Scientific Speculation to Effective Adaptive Management: A case study of the role of social marketing in promoting novel restoration strategies for degraded dry lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Westley, Frances; Social Innovation Generation, University of Waterloo ; fwestley@watarts.uwaterloo.ca; Holmgren, Milena; Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Department of Environmental Sciences; Milena.Holmgren@wur.nl; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environment; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate fluctuations; Dryland restoration; Ecosystem restoration; ENSO; Herbivory control; Matorral; Mediterranean shrub land; Reforestation; Social entrepreneur; Social marketing; Stakeholder.
Ano: 2010

Estimating the Adaptive Capacity of Local Communities at Marine Protected Areas in Latin America: a Practical Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moreno-S&amp;#225;nchez, Rocio del Pilar; Conservation Strategy Fund; rocio@conservation-strategy.org.
The establishment of marine protected areas (MPA) has become the prevailing management strategy to stop the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems; however, the effectiveness of MPAs  is affected not only by ecological factors but also by social ones. Identifying and understanding socioeconomic conditions and the institutional context of fishing communities is essential to achieve  success with MPAs. We propose a practical methodology for estimating the adaptive capacity (AC) of local communities to the establishment of MPAs. Adaptive capacity is defined as the ability of households to anticipate and respond to disturbances, natural or human induced, and to minimize, cope with, and recover from the consequences. We propose an index of adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity determinants; Fishery resources; Governance; Marine ecosystems management; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Evaluating Functional Fit between a Set of Institutions and an Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ekstrom, Julia A; Engineering Informatics Group, Stanford University; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara; jekstrom@lbl.gov; Young, Oran R; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara; young@bren.ucsb.edu.
This paper presents a quantitative analytical method for measuring functional fit between a specific ecosystem and a defined set of institutions. Functional misfits, the focus of this paper, can arise as a result of gaps in governance&amp;#8212;a lack of institutional provision for a socioecological system component or link. The method measures such misfit using a similarity metric (simple matching). This provides an indication of the potential degree of system-wide fit between an ecosystem and a relevant set of institutions. A preliminary form of the approach uses the text of ocean and coastal laws and regulations to represent formal institutional arrangements. This basic demonstration helps show the complex interrelationships that have to be taken into...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based management; Governance; Institutions; Marine policy; Problem of fit; Socioecological systems.
Ano: 2009

A Forest Management Map of European Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hengeveld, Geerten  M.; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; Geerten.Hengeveld@wur.nl; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; European Forest Institute; gert-jan.nabuurs@efi.int; Didion, Markus; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; Markus.didion@wur.nl; van den Wyngaert, Isabel; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; isabel.vandenwyngaert@wur.nl; Clerkx, A.P.P.M. (Sandra); ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; Sandra.Clerkx@wur.nl; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; martjan.schelhaas@wur.nl.
Forest management to a large extent determines the possible services that the forest can provide. Different objectives in forest management determine the rotation length and valuation of different stages in forest succession. We present a method of mapping potential forest management at 1-km resolution to inform policy, land use modeling, and forest resource projections. The presented method calculates the suitability of a location to different forest management alternatives based on biotic, abiotic, socioeconomic, and political factors. A sensitivity analysis of the resulting map to the data sources used was performed. This showed that the results are very sensitive to some data sources. The potential use of the map and the sensitivity to the availability...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Europe; Forest management approach; Land use mapping.
Ano: 2012

What happens at the gap between knowledge and practice?  Spaces of encounter and misencounter between environmental scientists and local people
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toomey, Anne H; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History; toomey.ah@gmail.com.
Researchers studying processes of global environmental change are increasingly interested in their work having impacts that go beyond academia to influence policy and management. Recent scholarship in the conservation sciences has pointed to the existence of a research-action gap and has proposed various solutions for overcoming it. However, most of these studies have been limited to the spaces of dissemination, where the science has already been done and is then to be passed over to users of the information. Much less attention has been paid to encounters that occur between scientists and nonscientists during the practice of doing scientific research, especially in situations that include everyday roles of labor and styles of communication (i.e.,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Encounter; Impact agenda; Knowing-doing gap; Knowledge-exchange; Research-action.
Ano: 2016

Integration and Implementation Sciences: Building a New Specialization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bammer, Gabriele; National Centre for Epidemiology &amp; Population Health, Australian National University; Gabriele.bammer@anu.edu.au.
Developing a new specialization&amp;#8212;Integration and Implementation Sciences&amp;#8212;may be an effective way to draw together and significantly strengthen the theory and methods necessary to tackle complex societal issues and problems. This paper presents an argument for such a specialization, beginning with a brief review of calls for new research approaches that combine disciplines and interact more closely with policy and practice. It posits that the core elements of Integration and Implementation Sciences already exist, but that the field is currently characterized by fragmentation and marginalization. The paper then outlines three sets of characteristics that will delineate Integration and Implementation Sciences. First is that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Integration; Knowledge management; Participatory methods; Synthesis; Systems thinking; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005

Nudging Evolution?
Provedor de dados: 7
This Special Feature,  &amp;#8220;Nudging Evolution? Critical Exploration of the Potential and Limitations of the Concept of Institutional Fit for the Study and Adaptive Management of Social-Ecological Systems,&amp;#8221; aims to contribute toward the development of social theory and social research methods for the study of social-ecological system dynamics.  Our objective is to help strengthen the academic discourse concerning if, and if so, how, to what extent, and in what concrete ways the concept of institutional &amp;#8220;fit&amp;#8221; might play a role in helping to develop better understanding of the social components of interlinkages between the socioeconomic-cultural and ecological dynamics of social-ecological systems. Two clearly discernible...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Environmental governance; Institutional change; Institutional fit; Meaning; Oran Young; Protected areas; Social-ecological systems; Social norms; Water governance; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2013

Resilience design: toward a synthesis of cognition, learning, and collaboration for adaptive problem solving in conservation and natural resource stewardship
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Curtin, Charles G.; MIT-USGS Science Impact Collaborative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mora Watershed Alliance; ccurtin@earthlink.net.
Through the resilience design approach, I propose to extend the resilience paradigm by re-examining the components of adaptive decision-making and governance processes. The approach can be divided into three core components: (1) equity design, i.e., the integration of collaborative approaches to conservation and adaptive governance that generates effective self-organization and emergence in conservation and natural resource stewardship; (2) process design, i.e., the generation of more effective knowledge through strategic development of information inputs; and (3) outcome design, i.e., the pragmatic synthesis of the previous two approaches, generating a framework for developing durable and dynamic conservation and stewardship. The design of processes that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Collaborative adaptive management; Linked social-ecological systems; Resilience design; Wicked systems.
Ano: 2014

Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Poulsen, Michael K.; NORDECO; mkp@nordeco.dk; Rahayu, Subekti; World Agroforestry Centre; S.RAHAYU@CGIAR.ORG; Rutishauser, Ervan; Center for International Forestry Research; er.rutishauser@gmail.com; Theilade, Ida; Forest and Landscape of Denmark, University of Copenhagen ; idat@life.ku.dk; Widayati, Atiek; World Agroforestry Centre; A.WIDAYATI@CGIAR.ORG; An, Ngo The; Hanoi University of Agriculture; ntan@hua.edu.vn; Bang, Tran Nguyen; Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi University of Agriculture; trannguyenbang@gmail.com; Budiman, Arif; WWF-Indonesia; ABudiman@wwf.or.id; Enghoff, Martin; NORDECO; me@nordeco.dk; Jensen, Arne E.; NORDECO; aejmanila@gmail.com; Kurniawan, Yuyun; WWF-Indonesia; YKurniawan@wwf.or.id; Li, Qiaohong; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; qiaohong@mail.kib.ac.cn; Mingxu, Zhao; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; zhaomingxu@mail.kib.ac.cn; Schmidt-Vogt, Dietrich; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; schmidt-vogt@mail.kib.ac.cn; Prixa, Suoksompong; National University of Laos; soukpri@yahoo.com; Thoumtone, Vongvisouk; National University of Laos; thvongvisouk@gmail.com; Warta, Zulfira; WWF-Indonesia; zwarta@wwf.or.id; Burgess, Neil; Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen; WWF-US Conservation Science Program; UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge; NDBurgess@bio.ku.dk.
Will community monitoring assist in delivering just and equitable REDD+? We assessed whether local communities can effectively estimate carbon stocks in some of the world&amp;#8217;s most carbon rich forests, using simple field protocols, and we reviewed whether community monitoring exists in current REDD+ pilots. We obtained similar results for forest carbon when measured by communities and professional foresters in 289 vegetation plots in Southeast Asia. Most REDD+ monitoring schemes, however, contain no community involvement. To close the gulf between United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change texts on involving communities and field implementation realities, we propose greater embedding of community monitoring within national REDD+ pilot...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Climate  Community and Biodiversity Alliance standard; Forest carbon; Governance; Livelihood; Monitoring; Payment for Ecosystem Service programs; REDD+; Southeast Asia.
Ano: 2013

Local People, Nature Conservation, and Tourism in Northeastern Finland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tolvanen, Anne; Finnish Forest Research Institute; anne.tolvanen@metla.fi; Kauppila, Pekka; University of Oulu; pekka.kauppila@oulu.fi.
The opinions and perceptions of local communities are central issues in the sustainable management of conservation areas. During 2002 and 2003, we studied the opinions of local people about nature conservation and the development of tourism to investigate whether these opinions were influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors. Data were collected via a survey of local residents in six areas with different histories of land use, land ownership, conservation, and tourism development. We classified respondents by cluster analysis into three different groups according to their opinions about nature conservation and tourism development: (1) sympathetic to nature conservation, but quite neutral to tourism development (57.7%); (2) critical of nature...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Opinions; Residents; Nature conservation; Tourism; Finland; Survey; Socioeconomic factors.
Ano: 2008

Of Models and Meanings: Cultural Resilience in Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crane, Todd A.; Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University; todd.crane@wur.nl.
Modeling has emerged as a key technology in analysis of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. However, the tendency for modeling to focus on the mechanistic materiality of biophysical systems obscures the diversity of performative social behaviors and normative cultural positions of actors within the modeled system. The fact that changes in the biophysical system can be culturally constructed in different ways means that the perception and pursuit of adaptive pathways can be highly variable. Furthermore, the adoption of biophysically resilient livelihoods can occur under conditions that are subjectively experienced as the radical transformation of cultural systems. The objectives of this work are to: (1) highlight the importance of understanding the place...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agropastoralism; Climate change; Mali; Modeling; Resilience.
Ano: 2010

Evolving hunting practices in Gabon: lessons for community-based conservation interventions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schleicher, Judith; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, S Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; schleicher.judith@gmail.com; Hymas, Olivier; Human Ecology Research Group, Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, UK; ohymas@onetel.com; Coad, Lauren; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, UK; Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; lauren.coad@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Addressing today&amp;#8217;s environmental challenges is intimately linked to understanding and improving natural resource governance institutions. As a result conservation initiatives are increasingly realizing the importance of integrating local perspectives of land tenure arrangements, natural resource rights, and local beliefs into conservation approaches. However, current work has not sufficiently considered the dynamic nature of natural resource governance institutions over time and the potential implications for current conservation interventions. We therefore explored how and why hunting governance has changed since the precolonial period in two ethnic hunting communities in Gabon, Central Africa, integrating various ethnographic methods with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Gabon; Historical ecology; Hunting; Natural resource governance.
Ano: 2015

Scale and Governance: Conceptual Considerations and Practical Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kok, Kasper; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Veldkamp, Tom (A.); Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;.
Policies have many unforeseen impacts on social-ecological systems at different levels of spatial and temporal scales. Partly because of this, both scale and governance have been and continue to be hotly debated and studied topics within many scientific disciplines. Although there are two distinct vocabularies, both communities seem to be struggling to come to terms with a shift that has common elements. This special feature has two types of contributions, three scoping papers, providing a state-of-the-art overview of the conceptual discussion, and six case study papers that set out to deal with the practicalities of combining scale and governance. The scoping papers strongly indicate that using the notion of complex systems, specifically the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Governance; Scale; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2011

The Right Connections: How do Social Networks Lubricate the Machinery of Natural Resource Governance?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geography, University of Maryland; Hubacek@umd.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Governance; Natural resources; Social network analysis; Social relations; Structure.
Ano: 2010

Education as a Determinant of Response to Cyclone Warnings: Evidence from Coastal Zones in India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sharma, Upasna; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; upasna.sharma@gmail.com; Patwardhan, Anand; Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India; anand@iitb.ac.in; Patt, Anthony G; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; patt@iiasa.ac.at.
Education is often considered a means for enhancing adaptive capacity, based on the consideration that formal education is likely to improve the ability of individuals to evaluate risks and respond to warning information. We explore the relation between the level and nature of education and enhanced ability to respond to tropical cyclone risk. We make a distinction between formal school-based education and nonformal education in the form of traditional knowledge of environmental precursors and conditions that may be associated with tropical cyclone occurrence. We evaluate two possible routes through which education could lead to enhanced ability to respond to tropical cyclone risk; first, education, both formal and nonformal, may lead to a better ability...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cyclones; Early warnings; Education; Traditional knowledge base; Warning-response process.
Ano: 2013

Rethinking the Risk Management Process for Genetically Engineered Crop Varieties in Small-scale, Traditionally Based Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cleveland, David A; University of California, Santa Barbara; cleveland@es.ucsb.edu; Soleri, Daniela; University of California, Santa Barbara; soleri@es.ucsb.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biotechnology; Biological diversity; Biological invasion; Crop genetic resources; Farmer participation in risk evaluation; Gene flow; Genetic engineering; Risk analysis; Risk management process; Traditionally based agricultural systems compared with industrial agriculture systems; Transgenes; Transgenic crop varieties.
Ano: 2005

An Immune System Perspective on Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu.
A new perspective for studying the complex interactions between human activities and ecosystems is proposed. It is argued that biological immune systems share a number of similarities with ecological economic systems in terms of function. These similarities include the system's ability to recognize harmful invasions, design measures to control and destroy these invasions, and remember successful response strategies. Studying both the similarities and the differences between immune systems and ecological economic systems can provide new insights on ecosystem management.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive systems; Artificial immune systems; Biological invasions; Ecological economic systems; Ecosystem management; Immune systems; Institutions; Models.
Ano: 2001

Understanding sustainable seafood consumption behavior: an examination of the Ocean Wise (OW) initiative in British Columbia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dolmage, Katherine M.; Coastal and Marine Management, University Centre of the Westfjords; katherine.dolmage@gmail.com; Macfarlane, Victoria; Global Studies, Vancouver Island University (VIU); Director of Belize Institute for Local Development (BILD); victoria.l.macfarlane@gmail.com; Alley, Jamie; Coastal and Marine Management, University Centre of the Westfjords; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; jamiealley@shaw.ca.
Sustainable seafood labeling programs have been developed as one of several efforts to address the current dire trends in fish stocks. The Ocean Wise (OW) program, started at the Vancouver Aquarium (Canada), works with restaurateurs and suppliers to simplify sustainable purchasing decisions. By aiding restaurateurs with responsible purchasing, OW hopes to shift demand to sustainable seafood products. OW has grown in numbers and spread across Canada quickly; we examine the factors associated with individual and organizational decisions to participate in the program, including personal, business, and program-related factors. These factors were examined in relation to OW membership by Vancouver restaurateurs. Results show that restaurateurs with greater...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: BC; British Columbia; Consumer behavior; Ocean Wise; OW; Restaurant; Seafood; Sustainability.
Ano: 2016

Adaptive Management Planning Projects as Conflict Resolution Processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walkerden, Greg; Macquarie University; gmw@bwassociates.com.au.
Adaptive management planning projects use multiparty, multidisciplinary workshops and simulation modeling to facilitate dialogue, negotiation, and planning. However, they have been criticized as a poor medium for conflict resolution. Alternative processes from the conflict resolution tradition, e.g., principled negotiation and sequenced negotiation, address uncertainty and biophysical constraints much less skillfully than does adaptive management. When we evaluate adaptive management planning using conflict resolution practice as a benchmark, we can design better planning procedures. Adaptive management planning procedures emerge that explore system structure, dynamics, and uncertainty, and that also provide a strong negotiation process, grounded in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conflict resolution; Crossing; Ecosystem management; Environmental management; Negotiation; Planning; Practice; Principled negotiation; Professional practice; Resource management; Strategic environmental assessment.
Ano: 2006

An HTML-based Concept Model of the Dry Savanna Woodland Ecosystem for Teaching and Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Graz, Friedrich Patrick; Polytechnic of Namibia; pgraz@polytechnic.edu.na.
This article introduces a web-based conceptual model of vegetation to facilitate an easy understanding of the processes that govern the development of dry savanna woodlands. The model is based on a simple table structure that can be interpreted by most web browsers, making it easily accessible. This latter consideration is important because thetelecommunication link to most of the outlying areas in Namibia is weak. The model may be accessed by community-based natural resource managers to provide an overview of the complexity of the savanna woodland system.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

A Geographic Model to Assess and Limit Cumulative Ecological Degradation from Marcellus Shale Exploitation in New York, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davis, John B; State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany; Sage College of Albany ; davisj5@sage.edu; Robinson, George R; State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany; grobins@albany.edu.
When natural resources are exploited, environmental costs and economic benefits are often asymmetric. An example is apparent in the environmental impacts from fossil fuel extraction by hydraulic fracturing. So far, most scrutiny has been focused on water quality in affected aquifers, with less attention paid to broader ecological impacts beyond individual drilling operations. Marcellus Shale methane exploitation in New York State, USA, has been delayed because of a regulatory moratorium, pending evaluation that has been directed primarily at localized impacts. We developed a GIS-based model, built on a hexagonal grid underlay nested within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&amp;#8217;s EMAP system, to examine potential cumulative ecological impacts....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Core forest; Hexagon land-cover grid; Hydraulic fracturing; Marcellus Shale formation; Natural resource sharing; New York State; Sensitive species and ecosystems.
Ano: 2012

Unintended outcomes of farmers&amp;#8217; adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rodriguez-Solorzano, Claudia; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; crsolorzano@mac.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Governance; Institutions; Land-use change; Latin America; Protected areas.
Ano: 2014

Managing urban water crises: adaptive policy responses to drought and flood in Southeast Queensland, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Head, Brian W.; The University of Queensland; brian.head@uq.edu.au.
In this case study, I examine the quality of decision-making under conditions of rapidly evolving urban water crises, and the adaptive policy challenges of building regional resilience in response to both drought and flood. Like other regions of Australia, Southeast Queensland has been subject to substantial cycles of drought and flood. I draw on resilience literature concerning sustainability, together with governance literature on policy change, to explain the changing awareness of urban water crises and the strategic options available for addressing these crises in this case study. The problem of resilience thinking opens up a number of important questions about the efficacy and adaptability of the policy system. The case provides insights into the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Policy learning; Regional resilience; Urban water crisis; Water governance; Water policy.
Ano: 2014

Separating Adaptive Maintenance (Resilience) and Transformative Capacity of Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilson, Samuel; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Present address: School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia;; Pearson, Leonie J; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Australia; lpearson@unimelb.edu.au; Kashima, Yoshihisa; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia;; Lusher, Dean; Swinburne Institute of Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 3122 Australia;; Pearson, Craig; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia;.
Many rural communities are vulnerable social-ecological systems (SES) that must do more than become resilient to future environmental and social shocks: they must transform to achieve sustainability. We aimed first to conceptually explore the proposition that SES characteristics (identity, feedbacks, structure, and functions) necessary for transformation may be distinct from those necessary for adaptive maintenance or resilience, and second, to propose metrics that may be used to assess these two types of system changes. We did this by interrogating literature and by investigating two rural towns in Australia using a combination of  quantitative methods and focus groups to interrogate community social networks, capitals (human, natural, built, and social)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Feedbacks; Functions; Identity; Structure.
Ano: 2013

Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen Agricultural University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Chapin, Terry; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; fschapiniii@alaska.edu.
Resilience thinking addresses the dynamics and development of complex social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SES). Three aspects are central: resilience, adaptability and transformability. These aspects interrelate across multiple scales. Resilience in this context is the capacity of a SES to continually change and adapt yet remain within critical thresholds. Adaptability is part of resilience. It represents the capacity to adjust responses to changing external drivers and internal processes and thereby allow for development along the current trajectory (stability domain). Transformability is the capacity to cross thresholds into new development trajectories. Transformational change at smaller scales enables resilience at larger scales. The capacity to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptability; Adaptation; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Transformability; Transformation.
Ano: 2010

Overcoming Information Limitations for the Prescription of an Environmental Flow Regime for a Central American River
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Esselman, Peter C; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University; pce@msu.edu; Opperman, Jeffrey J; The Nature Conservancy; jopperman@tnc.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dams; Environmental flows; Fish assemblage; Honduras; Hydrology; Traditional ecological knowledge; Tropics.
Ano: 2010

How to Start an International Program to Deal with Invasive Species?
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Evaluating Forest Management in Nepal: Views across Space and Time
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Indiana University; nagendra@indiana.edu; Karmacharya, Mukunda; Nepal Forestry Resources and Institutions; Nepal@ifri.wlink.com.np; Karna, Birendra; Nepal Forestry Resources and Institutions; Nepal@ifri.wlink.com.np.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Buffer zone; Community forestry; Co-management; Institutions; Land-cover change; Nepal; Protected area; Remote sensing.
Ano: 2005

Differences and Congruencies between PVA Packages: the Importance of Sex Ratio for Predictions of Extinction Risk
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brook, Barry W; Northern Territory University; barry.brook@ntu.edu.au; Burgman, Mark A; University of Melbourne; m.burgman@botany.unimelb.edu.au; Frankham, Richard; Macquarie University; rfrankha@rna.bio.mq.edu.au.
Population viability analysis (PVA) is used in conservation biology to predict extinction probabilities for threatened species. Previous studies have revealed large differences between the predictions of PVA modeling packages, but these comparisons included a range of nonstandard factors. A standardized comparison of five PVA packages (GAPPS, INMAT, RAMAS Metapop, RAMAS Stage, and VORTEX) was conducted on six examples (two mammals, two birds, one reptile, and a hypothetical bird/mammal-like life history). The individual-based packages (GAPPS and VORTEX) predicted a consistently higher risk of extinction than their matrix-based counterparts (INMAT and the RAMAS programs). This arose as only the former considered the effect of demographic stochasticity in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demographic stochasticity; Extinction risk; Individual-based models; Matrix-based models; Model comparison; Parameter estimation; Population viability analysis; Sex ratio.
Ano: 2000

Seabirds as a subsistence and cultural resource in two remote Alaskan communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Young, Rebecca C.; Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; rcyoung@alaska.edu; Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; askitaysky@alaska.edu; Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks; clcarothers@alaska.edu; Dorresteijn, Ine; Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; ine.dorresteijn@gmail.com.
Small rural Alaskan communities face many challenges surrounding rapid social and ecological change.  The role of local subsistence resources may change over time because of changes in social perception, economic need, and cultural patterns of use.  We look at the Bering Sea&amp;#8217;s Pribilof Islands, comprising two very small communities, and investigate the relationship between the local residents and seabirds as a natural resource.  Seabirds may strengthen ties to older ways of life and have potential for future economic opportunities, or modernization may direct interest away from seabirds as a cultural and economic resource.  We conducted a survey and interviews of residents of the two Pribilof Island communities, St. Paul and St. George, to assess...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aleut; Pribilof Islands; Seabird; Subsistence; Survey; Tourism.
Ano: 2014

Organics, trust, and credibility: a management and media research perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rittenhofer, Iris; School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University; iri@bcom.au.dk; Povlsen, Karen Klitgaard; Department of Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University; karenklitgaard@hum.au.dk.
Our purpose was to qualify the relations between trust, credibility, and the field of organics by way of creating a dialogue between two independent Organic Research, Development and Demonstration Programme &amp;#8220;MultiTrust&amp;#8221; subprojects. Both projects explore the explanatory value of trust and credibility for the success of organic labels in the fields of management research and media research. Our key objectives were to critically scrutinize the trust and credibility constructs applied in each of these two fields, to reflect on their explanatory value in the performance of organics from both a management and media perspective, and to set out an agenda for future interdisciplinary research. We conclude that relations between organic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Credibility; Customer; Management; Media; Organic food; Organic labels; Trust.
Ano: 2015

A Synthesis of Current Approaches to Traps Is Useful But Needs Rethinking for Indigenous Disadvantage and Poverty Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Maru, Yiheyis T; CSIRO; yiheyis.maru@csiro.au; Fletcher, Cameron S; CSIRO; Cameron.Fletcher@csiro.au; Chewings, Vanessa H; CSIRO; vanessa.chewings@csiro.au.
Indigenous disadvantage and poverty have persisted and are set to continue into the future. Although a large amount of work describes the extent and nature of indigenous disadvantage and poverty, there is little evidence-based systems understanding of the mechanisms that keep many indigenous people in their current dire state. In such a vacuum, policy makers are left to make assumptions about the causal mechanisms. The persistence of inequality and poverty suffered by indigenous people is broadly consistent with the existence of dynamical traps as described in both the resilience and development literature. We reviewed and synthesized these bodies of literature on traps and found that although they give a good lead to a systemic and parsimonious way of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Developments; Indigenous disadvantage; Poverty traps; Resilience; Rigidity traps.
Ano: 2012

Economics and Ecology: The Need for Detente in Conservation Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Neill, Robert V; ; eoneill@attglobal.net; Kahn, James R; Department of Economics,University of Tennessee; jkahn@utk.edu; Russell, Clifford S; Institute for Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University; russell@uansv5.vanderbilt.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Economics and ecology; Scale.
Ano: 1998

Does Participatory Planning Foster the Transformation Toward More Adaptive Social-Ecological Systems?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Menzel, Susanne; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Economics and Social Sciences; susanne.menzel@wsl.ch; Buchecker, Matthias; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Economics and Social Sciences; matthias.buchecker@wsl.ch.
The need for social-ecological systems to become more adaptive is widely acknowledged. Social effects generated by participatory planning have been claimed to contribute to this transformation, but little empirical evidence is available that backs up or opposes this notion. We aimed to offer some insights regarding questions as to which social effects are formed in participatory planning processes and at what costs, and to then discuss their contribution to the transformation toward more adaptive social-ecological systems based on empirical evidence. Consequently, we investigated the social effects of participatory planning processes, including the social learning processes leading to them. We conducted semistructured interviews with members of advisory...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Participatory planning; Planning costs; Qualitative research; Social capital; Social learning; Time requirements.
Ano: 2013

Architectures of adaptive integration in large collaborative projects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wright Morton, Lois;  Department of Sociology, Iowa State University; lwmorton@iastate.edu; Eigenbrode, Sanford D; Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho; sanforde@uidaho.edu; Martin, Timothy A; University of Florida; tamartin@ufl.edu.
Collaborations to address complex societal problems associated with managing human-natural systems often require large teams comprised of scientists from multiple disciplines. For many such problems, large-scale, transdisciplinary projects whose members include scientists, stakeholders, and other professionals are necessary. The success of very large, transdisciplinary projects can be facilitated by attending to the diversity of types of collaboration that inevitably occur within them. As projects progress and evolve, the resulting dynamic collaborative heterogeneity within them constitutes architectures of adaptive integration (AAI). Management that acknowledges this dynamic and fosters and promotes awareness of it within a project can better facilitate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Architectures of adaptive integration; Collaborative science; Team science.
Ano: 2015

Cultural Factors as Co-Determinants of Participation in River Basin Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Enserink, Bert; Delft University of Technology; b.enserink@tudelft.nl; Patel, Mita; International Insititute for Integrated Assessment and Sustainable Development; mita.patel@brighton-hove.gov.uk; Kranz, Nicole; Institute for European and Environmental Policy; kranz@ecologic.de; Maestu, Josefina; University of Alcala de Henares;.
Finding a place for public participation in the policies and practices of European river basin management planning is a challenge for the authorities in the participating countries and territories. Understanding the relation between national culture, the historical and political differences in the respective countries, and their practical experience with participation is considered important to support the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. Knowledge and understanding of this relation is important to provide a context and basis from which new participatory practices can be designed and experiences evaluated and to identify conditions necessary for social learning. Within the context of the HarmoniCOP project, such a study was undertaken in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Culture; Public participation; River basin management planning.
Ano: 2007

Does Integrated Water Resources Management Support Institutional Change? The Case of Water Policy Reform in Israel
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fischhendler, Itay; Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; fishi@mscc.huji.ac.il; Heikkila, Tanya; School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver; tanya.heikkila@ucdenver.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated water resources management; Institutional change and adaptation; Water policy; Israel.
Ano: 2010

Integrative Scenario Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Priess, Joerg A.; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Computational Landscape Ecology; joerg.priess@ufz.de; Hauck, Jennifer; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Environmental Policy; Jennifer.hauck@ufz.de.
Scenarios are employed to address a large number of future environmental and socioeconomic challenges. We present a conceptual framework for the development of scenarios to integrate the objectives of different stakeholder groups. Based on the framework, land-use scenarios were developed to provide a common base for further research. At the same time, these scenarios assisted regional stakeholders to bring forward their concerns and arrive at a shared understanding of challenges between scientific and regional stakeholders, which allowed them to eventually support regional decision making. The focus on the integration of views and knowledge domains of different stakeholder groups, such as scientists and practitioners, required rigorous and repeated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinary research; Participatory process; Quality control; Regional scale; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2014

Theorizing benefits and constraints in collaborative environmental governance: a transdisciplinary social-ecological network approach for empirical investigations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robins, Garry; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne; garrylr@unimelb.edu.au; McAllister, Ryan R. J.; CSIRO; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Guerrero, Angela M.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; a.guerrero@uq.edu.au; Crona, Beatrice; Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; beatrice.crona@su.se; Lubell, Mark; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis; mnlubell@ucdavis.edu.
When environmental processes cut across socioeconomic boundaries, traditional top-down government approaches struggle to effectively manage and conserve ecosystems. In such cases, governance arrangements that foster multiactor collaboration are needed. The effectiveness of such arrangements, however, depends on how well any ecological interdependencies across governed ecosystems are aligned with patterns of collaboration. This inherent interdisciplinary and complex problem has impeded progress in developing a better understanding of how to govern ecosystems for conservation in an increasingly interconnected world. We argue for the development of empirically informed theories, which are not only able to transcend disciplinary boundaries, but are also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Connectivity; Exponential random graph models (ERGM); Interdisciplinary; Networks; Social-ecological fit; Social-ecological networks; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016

Can Road-Crossing Structures Improve Population Viability of an Urban Gliding Mammal?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Taylor, Brendan D.; Southern Cross University; Griffith University; brendan.taylor@scu.edu.au; Goldingay, Ross L.; Southern Cross University; ross.goldingay@scu.edu.au.
Tree-dwelling mammals are potentially highly vulnerable to discontinuities in habitat created by roads. We used population modeling to assess the viability of a metapopulation of Australia&amp;#8217;s largest gliding marsupial, the greater glider (Petauroides volans), occurring in forest remnants in the fastest-urbanizing region of Australia, where habitat is dissected by major roads. Crossing structures for arboreal mammals (consisting of a land bridge with wooden poles for gliding and adjacent rope canopy bridges) have been installed over an arterial road that separates two of these remnants (one large, one small). It is currently unknown whether this species will use the crossing structures, but available tree height and spacing do not allow a glide...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crossing structures; Gliding mammals; Modeling; Motorways; Population viability analysis.
Ano: 2009

Using Matching Methods to Link Social and Physical Analyses for Sustainability Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kemp-Benedict, Eric J; Stockholm Environment Institute; erickb@sei-us.org; Bharwani, Sukaina; Stockholm Environment Institute; sukaina.bharwani@sei.se; Fischer, Michael D.; Centre for Social Anthropology &amp; Computing (CSAC), University of Kent, UK; M.D.Fischer@kent.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Integrated analysis; Matching methods; Natural resources; Planning; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2010

Spatial Organization of Environmental Knowledge: Conservation Conflicts in the Inhabited Forest of Northern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roth, Robin; York University; rothr@yorku.ca.
Managing forests for their satisfactory provision of multiple goods and services to both the global and local commons requires effective cross-scale cooperation between local management institutions and state management institutions. Integrating the distinct sets of knowledge produced and used at the two scales of management has proven very challenging. This paper shows how a better understanding of the spatial expression of knowledge operating at distinct scales can help lead to a more fruitful integration of local knowledge and practice with state knowledge and practice. Using a case study from northern Thailand, this paper examines the links between the production of knowledge and the production of space within resource management institutions. It then...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mae Tho National Park; Royal Forestry Department; Thailand; Co-management; Environmental knowledge; Forest conservation; National parks; Park-people conflict; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2004

Developing Adaptation and Adapting Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lemos, Maria Carmen; James Martin 21st Century School Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; lemos@umich.edu; Boyd, Emily; James Martin 21st Century School Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY; emily.boyd@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Tompkins, Emma L; James Martin 21st Century School Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY; emma.tompkins@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Osbahr, Henny; Tyndall Centre Research Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY; henny.osbahr@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Liverman, Diana; Director, Environmental Change Institute, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY; diana.liverman@eci.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Development; Resilience.
Ano: 2007

USDA Forest Service Roadless Areas: Potential Biodiversity Conservation Reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loucks, Colby; World Wildlife Fund; colby.loucks@wwfus.org; Brown, Nicholas; NatureServe; nick_brown@natureserve.org; Loucks, Andrea; Pinchot Institute; andreabedell@pinchot.org; Cesareo, Kerry; World Wildlife Fund; kerry.cesareo@wwfus.org.
In January 2001, approximately 23 x 106 ha of land in the U.S. National Forest System were slated to remain roadless and protected from timber extraction under the Final Roadless Conservation Rule. We examined the potential contributions of these areas to the conservation of biodiversity. Using GIS, we analyzed  the concordance of inventoried roadless areas (IRAs) with ecoregion-scale biological  importance and endangered and imperiled species distributions on a scale of 1:24,000.  We found that more than 25% of IRAs are located in globally or regionally outstanding ecoregions and that 77% of inventoried roadless areas have the potential to conserve threatened, endangered, or imperiled species. IRAs would increase the conservation reserve network...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: GIS; USDA Forest Service; Biodiversity conservation; Endangered species; Grizzly bears; Imperiled species; Roadless areas; Threatened species.
Ano: 2003

Beyond Forest Cover: Land Use and Biodiversity in Rubber Trail Forests of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vadjunec, Jacqueline M.; Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University; jacqueline.vadjunec@okstate.edu; Rocheleau, Dianne; Graduate School of Geography, Clark University; drocheleau@clarku.edu.
Among the strategies to promote sustainable tropical forest development around the world, the Federal Extractive Reserve System of Brazil is widely cited as an exemplary model. It is designed to protect rubber tapper communities, their forests, and their livelihoods while preventing deforestation and conserving biodiversity. In response to changing markets and policies, rubber tappers in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve have recently diversified production to include market agriculture and cattle production, precipitating deforestation in the reserve, with the implication of increased ecological degradation compared to the extraction of nontimber forest products (NTFPs). Our remote sensing and forest inventory analyses yield different insights about the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Ecological monitoring; Extractive reserves; Land use; Livelihood; Tropical deforestation.
Ano: 2009

Making Investments in Dryland Development Work: Participatory Scenario Planning in the Makanya Catchment, Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Enfors, Elin I; Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; elin@ecology.su.se; Gordon, Line J; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; line@stockholmresilience.su.se; Peterson, Garry D; Department of Geography and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Bossio, Deborah; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; d.bossio@iwmi.cgiar.org.
The agro-ecosystems of semi-arid and dry sub-humid SSA are inherently dynamic. At this point in time they are also experiencing a series of complex social&amp;#8211;ecological changes that make their future even more uncertain. To ensure that development investments made today in the small-scale farming systems that dominate these regions make sense also in a long-term perspective they should benefit the local communities over a range of potential futures. We applied a participatory scenario planning approach to a smallholder farming community in semi-arid Tanzania, exploring four alternative development trajectories for the area, to increase the robustness of current investments in small-scale water system technologies. We found that water system...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dryland regions; Future; Investments; Participatory scenario planning; Small-scale farming; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uncertainty; Water system technologies.
Ano: 2008

Resilience 2011: Leading Transformational Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute and Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2011

Long-Term Forest Dynamics and Land-Use Abandonment in the Mediterranean Mountains, Corsica, France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mouillot, Florent; DREAM CEFE/CNRS, France;.
Human practices have had an impact on Mediterranean ecosystems for millennia, particularly through agricultural and pastoral activities. Since the mid-19th century, land-use abandonment has led to the expansion of shrubland and forest, especially in the mountainous areas of the northern Mediterranean basin. Knowledge of these factors is vital to understanding present forest patterns and predicting future forest dynamics in the Mediterranean mountains. We aimed to analyze and understand how land-use abandonment affected spatial modifications of landscapes in two study areas, 44,000 ha and 60,000 ha, located on the island of Corsica, France, representing a typical Mediterranean environment with chestnut forests. Our approach used land-cover archive documents...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Historical archives; Human population; Landscape patterns; Land-use change; Mediterranean ecosystems.
Ano: 2013

Dieckmann,U., J. A. J. Metz, M. W. Sabelis, and K. Sigmund, editors. Adaptive Dynamics of Infectious Diseases: In Pursuit of Virulence Management. Cambridge Studies in Adaptive Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martens, Pim; International Centre for Integrative Studies, Maastricht University; P.Martens@icis.unimaas.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Urgent Biophilia: Human-Nature Interactions and Biological Attractions in Disaster Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tidball, Keith G; Cornell University, USA; kgtidball@cornell.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biophilia; Disaster; Human-nature interaction; Resilience; Urgent biophilia.
Ano: 2012

Suitability of Local Resource Management Practices Based on Supernatural Enforcement Mechanisms in the Local Social-cultural Context
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sasaoka, Masatoshi; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); m.sasaoka@cgiar.org.
Environmental anthropological studies on natural resource management have widely demonstrated and thematized local resource management practices based on the interactions between local people and supernatural agencies and their role in maintaining natural resources. In Indonesia, even though the legal status of local people&amp;#8217;s right to the forest and forest resources is still weak, the recent transition toward decentralization presents a growing opportunity for local people to collaborate with outsiders such as governmental agencies and environmental nongovernmental organizations in natural resource management. In such situations, in-depth understanding of the value of local resource management practices is needed to promote self-directed and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Game resources; Hunting; Local resource management; Local social-cultural context; Seram; Supernatural enforcement mechanism.
Ano: 2012

Panarchy Rules: Rethinking Resilience of Agroecosystems, Evidence from Dutch Dairy-Farming
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Apeldoorn, Dirk F.; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University; Alterra, Wageningen UR; dirk.vanapeldoorn@wur.nl; Kok, Kasper; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Sonneveld, Marthijn P.W.; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University ; marthijn.sonneveld@wur.nl; Veldkamp, Tom (A.);  Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University; Alterra, Wageningen UR; University of Twente, ITC faculty ; veldkamp@itc.nl.
Resilience has been growing in importance as a perspective for governing social-ecological systems. The aim of this paper is first to analyze a well-studied human dominated agroecosystem using five existing key heuristics of the resilience perspective and second to discuss the consequences of using this resilience perspective for the future management of similar human dominated agroecosystems.  The human dominated agroecosystem is located in the Dutch Northern Frisian Woodlands where cooperatives of dairy farmers have been attempting to organize a transition toward more viable and environmental friendly agrosystems. A mobilizing element in the cooperatives was the ability of some dairy farmers to obtain high herbage and milk yield production with limited...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystems; Dairy farming; Panarchy; Northern Frisian Woodlands  The Netherlands; Resilience; Soil organic matter.
Ano: 2011

Modeling the Effects of Land Use on the Quality of Water, Air, Noise, and Habitat for a Five-County Region in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dale, Virginia H; ; dalevh@ornl.gov; Akhtar, Farhan; Georgia Institute of Technology;; Aldridge, Matthrew; University of Tennessee;; Baskaran, Latha; Oak Ridge National Laboratory;; Berry, Michael; University of Tennessee;; Browne, Murray; University of Tennessee;; Chang, Michael; Georgia Institute of Technology;; Efroymson, Rebecca; Oak Ridge National Laboratory;; Garten, Jr., Charles; Oak Ridge National Laboratory;; Lingerfelt, Eric; University of Tennessee;; Stewart, Catherine; Aberdeen Proving Ground;.
A computer simulation model, the Regional Simulator (RSim), was constructed to project how land-use changes affect the quality of water, air, noise, and habitat of species of special concern. RSim was designed to simulate these environmental impacts for five counties in Georgia that surround and include Fort Benning. The model combines existing data and modeling approaches to simulate the effects of land-cover changes on: nutrient export by hydrological unit; peak 8-h average ozone concentrations; noise caused by small arms and blasts; and habitat changes for the rare Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). The model also includes submodules for urban growth, new urbanization influenced by existing roads,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gopher tortoise; Land use; Landscape change; Longleaf pine; Nutrient export; Red-cockaded Woodpecker; Simulation.
Ano: 2008

Fuzzy Philosophy: A Foundation for Interneted Ecology?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Biodiversity offsetting and restoration under the European Union Habitats Directive: balancing between no net loss and deathbed conservation?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoukens, Hendrik; Department of Public, European, and International Law, Ghent University, Belgium; hendrik.schoukens@ugent.be; Cliquet, An; Department of Public, European, and International Law, Ghent University, Belgium; An.Cliquet@UGent.be.
Biodiversity offsets have emerged as one of the most prominent policy approaches to align economic development with nature protection across many jurisdictions, including the European Union. Given the increased level of scrutiny that needs to be applied when authorizing economic developments near protected Natura 2000 sites, the incorporation of onsite biodiversity offsets in project design has grown increasingly popular in some member states, such as the Netherlands and Belgium. Under this approach, the negative effects of developments are outbalanced by restoration programs that are functionally linked to the infrastructure projects. However, although taking into consideration that the positive effects of onsite restoration measures leads to more leeway...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity offsetting; Briels case; Compensation; Ecological restoration; Habitats Directive; Mitigation.
Ano: 2016

Women and Children First:  the Gendered and Generational Social-ecology of Smaller-scale Fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador and Northern Norway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Neis, Barbara; Memorial University of Newfoundland; bneis@mun.ca; Power, Nicole G.; Memorial University of Newfoundland; npower@mun.ca.
The resilience of small-scale fisheries in developed and developing countries has been used to provide lessons to conventional managers regarding ways to transition toward a social-ecological approach to understanding and managing fisheries. We contribute to the understanding of the relationship between management and the resilience of small-scale fisheries in developed countries by looking at these dynamics in the wake of the shock of stock collapse and fisheries closures in two contexts: Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and northern Norway. We revisit and update previous research on the gendered effects of the collapse and closure of the Newfoundland and Labrador northern cod fishery and the closure of the Norwegian cod fishery in the early 1990s and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gender; Resilience; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological approach; Youth.
Ano: 2013

Irrigation experiments in the lab: trust, environmental variability, and collective action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baggio, Jacopo A.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University; jbaggio@asu.edu; Rollins, Nathan D.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; nathan.rollins@asu.edu; Janssen, Marco A.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
Research on collective action and common-pool resources is extensive. However, little work has concentrated on the effect of variability in resource availability and collective action, especially in the context of asymmetric access to resources. Earlier works have demonstrated that environmental variability often leads to a reduction of collective action in the governance of shared resources. Here we assess how environmental variability may impact collective action. We performed a behavioral experiment involving an irrigation dilemma. In this dilemma participants invested first into a public fund that generated water resources for the group, which were subsequently appropriated by one participant at a time from head end to tail end. The amount of resource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Asymmetry; Common-pool resources; Feedbacks; Laboratory experiments; Trust; Variability.
Ano: 2015

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+): Transaction Costs of Six Peruvian Projects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paavola , Jouni; Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP); Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; j.paavola@leeds.ac.uk; Healey, John R.; School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University ; j.healey@bangor.ac.uk; Jones, Julia P.G.; School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University ; julia.jones@bangor.ac.uk; Baker, Timothy R.; School of Geography, University of Leeds; t.r.baker@leeds.ac.uk.
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has received strong support as a major component of future global climate change policy. The financial mechanism of REDD+ is payment for the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration in tropical forests that is expected to create incentives for conservation of forest cover and condition. However, the costs of achieving emissions reduction by these means remain largely unknown. We assess the set-up, implementation, and monitoring costs, i.e., collectively the transaction costs, of six of the first seven REDD+ project designs from the Peruvian Amazon and compare them with established projects in Brazil and Bolivia. The estimated costs vary greatly among the assessed projects from US$0.16 to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Amazon; Peru; REDD+; Set-up  implementation  and monitoring costs; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2013

Cultural Landscapes as a Methodology for Understanding Natural Resource Management Impacts in the Western United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toupal, Rebecca S; University of Arizona; rst@u.arizona.edu.
Multicultural demands on public lands in the United States continue to challenge federal land managers to address social and cultural concerns in their planning efforts. Specifically, they lack adequate knowledge of cultural concerns, as well as a consistent strategy for acquiring that knowledge for use in decision-making. Current federal approaches to understanding such issues as access, use, and control of resources include public participation, conservation partnerships, government-to-government consultations with American Indian tribes, cultural resource inventories, and landscape analysis. Given that cultural knowledge arises from human&amp;#8211;nature relationships and shared perceptions of natural environments, and that landscapes are the ultimate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: American Indians; Cultural landscapes; Ethnographic data; Landscape perceptions; Natural resource management; Public participation.
Ano: 2003

Informal Participatory Platforms for Adaptive Management. Insights into Niche-finding, Collaborative Design and Outcomes from a Participatory Process in the Rhine Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moellenkamp, Sabine; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; sabine.moellenkamp@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Lamers, Machiel; International Centre for Integrated assessment and Sustainable development (ICIS) - Maastricht University; machiel.lamers@icis.unimaas.nl; Huesmann, Christian; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; christian.huesmann@gmx.de; Rotter, Sophie; Seecon Deutschland GmbH; sophie.rotter@seecon.org; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Speil, Karina; Seecon Deutschland GmbH; karina.speil@gmx.de; Pohl, Wiebke; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; wiebkepohl@googlemail.com.
New regulatory water management requirements on an international level increasingly challenge the capacity of regional water managers to adapt. Stakeholder participation can contribute to dealing with these challenges because it facilitates the incorporation of various forms of knowledge and interests into policy-making and decision-making processes. Also, by providing space for informal multi-stakeholder platforms, management experiments can be established more easily in rigid regulatory settings, allowing for social learning to take place. Stakeholder participation is currently stipulated by several legal provisions, such as the Water Framework Directive, which plays an increasingly important role in European water management.   Drawing on recent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive water management; Co-design; Informal participatory platforms; Social learning; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2010

Reflections on Integration, Interaction, and Community
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sebelova, Jana; University of British Columbia; krtecek1234@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Resilience of Sweet Chestnut and Truffle Holm-Oak Rural Forests in Languedoc-Roussillon, France: Roles of Social-Ecological Legacies, Domestication, and Innovations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz; CNRS, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175; yildiz.thomas@cefe.cnrs.fr; Therville, Clara; University of Montpellier II; clara.therville@cefe.cnrs.fr; Lemarchand, Cedric; University Montpellier II; cedric.lemarchand1@gmail.com; Richard, Franck; CNRS, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175; franck.richard@cefe.cnrs.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2012

Rebuilding the Namibian hake fishery: a case for collaboration between scientists and fishermen
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paterson, Barbara; Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA), Memorial University of Newfoundland; Marine Research Institute (Ma-Re), University of Cape Town;  Department of Finance, Information, Systems, and Management Science, and School of the Environment, Saint Mary's University, Nova Scotia; Barbara@paterson.alt.na; Kainge, Paulus; National Marine Information and Research Centre (NatMIRC), Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources; pkainge@mfmr.gov.na.
One of the most important fisheries in the northern Benguela is the Namibian hake fishery, which targets both Merluccius capensis and Merluccius paradoxus. In spite of attempts to rebuild the hake stocks that were severely depleted by distant-water fleets before Namibia's independence in 1990, stocks have failed to recover. Because the ecological goal of stock rebuilding competes with social and economic objectives on the political stage, the ability to make accurate abundance estimates is important. However, the precision of abundance estimates is impeded by lack of understanding of hake behavior and of the effects of environmental factors. Furthermore, at present both species of hake are assessed and managed as one Namibian stock. We present qualitative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2014

The Tragedy of the Park: an Agent-based Model of Endogenous and Exogenous Institutions for Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vallino, Elena; Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Torino, Italy; elenavallino@hotmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based models; Commons; Institutions; Participatory conservation; Protected areas.
Ano: 2014

Effects of Fishing Tourism in a  Coastal Municipality: a Case Study from Ris&amp;#248;r, Norway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moksness, Erlend; Institute of Marine Research; moksness@imr.no; Lagaillarde, Guillaume ; 1point2;; Mikkelsen, Eirik ; NORUT, Norway;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Local cod stock; Local economic benefits; Local management instruments; Marine fishing tourism; Simulation model.
Ano: 2011

Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University, USA; hullvane@csis.msu.edu; Batistella, Mateus; EMBRAPA Satellite Monitoring, Campinas, SP, Brazil; mb@cnpm.embrapa.br; DeFries, Ruth; Columbia University, USA; rd2402@columbia.edu; Dietz, Thomas; Michigan State University, USA; tdietz@msu.edu; Fu, Feng; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; fufengenergy@gmail.com; Hertel, Thomas W.; Purdue University, USA; hertel@purdue.edu; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; University of Maryland, USA; cesar.izaurralde@pnnl.gov; Lambin, Eric F.; Stanford University, USA; elambin@stanford.edu; Li, Shuxin; Michigan State University, USA; lishu@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University, USA; mcconn64@msu.edu; Moran, Emilio F.; Michigan State University, USA; moranef@msu.edu; Naylor, Rosamond; Stanford University, USA; Roz@stanford.edu; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Polenske, Karen R.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; krp@mit.edu; Reenberg, Anette; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Simmons, Cynthia S.; Michigan State University, USA; simmo108@msu.edu; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl; Vitousek, Peter M.; Stanford University, USA; vitousek@leland.stanford.edu; Zhang, Fusuo; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; zhangfs@cau.edu.cn; Zhu, Chunquan; International Union for Conservation of Nature, China; caomu1963@126.com.
Interactions between distant places are increasingly widespread and influential, often leading to unexpected outcomes with profound implications for sustainability. Numerous sustainability studies have been conducted within a particular place with little attention to the impacts of distant interactions on sustainability in multiple places. Although distant forces have been studied, they are usually treated as exogenous variables and feedbacks have rarely been considered. To understand and integrate various distant interactions better, we propose an integrated framework based on telecoupling, an umbrella concept that refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. The concept of telecoupling is a logical extension of research on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agents; Causes; Coupled human-environment systems; Coupled human and natural systems; Coupled social-ecological systems; Dispersal; Distant interactions; Effects; Feedbacks; Flows; Globalization; Investment; Knowledge transfer; Migration; Socioeconomic and environmental interactions; Species invasion; Sustainability; Technology transfer; Teleconnection; Telecoupling; Trade; Transnational land deals; Water transfer.
Ano: 2013

Resilience, Social-Ecological Rules, and Environmental Variability in a Two-Species Artisanal Fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duer-Balkind, Marshall; Department of the Environment, Washington, DC; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; marshall@aya.yale.edu; Jacobs, Kasey R.; NOAA Coastal Management Fellow at the Puerto Rico Coastal Zone Management Program, San Juan, PR; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; kasey.jacobs@aya.yale.edu; Basurto, Xavier; Duke Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA; xavier.basurto@duke.edu.
Social-ecological resilience is an increasingly central paradigm for understanding sustainable resource management. In this study, we aimed to better understand the effect of environmental variability on the resilience of fishery systems, and the important role that social institutions and biophysical constraints play. To explore these issues, we built a dynamic model of the pen shell fishery of the indigenous Seri people in the Gulf of California, Mexico. This model included the dynamics of the two dominant species in the fishery (Atrina tuberculosa and Pinna rugosa), several institutional rules that the Seri use, and a number of ecological constraints, including key stochastic variables derived from empirical data. We found that modeling with multiple...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Common-pool resources; Environmental variability; Gulf of California  Mexico; Multi-species; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Stochasticity; System dynamics.
Ano: 2013

Integrating Ethno-Ecological and Scientific Knowledge of Termites for Sustainable Termite Management and Human Welfare in Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sileshi, Gudeta W; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); sgwelde@yahoo.com; Nyeko, Philip; Makerere University;; Nkunika, Phillip O. Y.; University of Zambia;; Sekematte, Benjamin M; Nikoola Institutional Development Associates;; Akinnifesi, Festus K; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);; Ajayi, Oluyede C; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);.
Despite their well-known role as pests, termites also provide essential ecosystem services. In this paper, we undertook a comprehensive review of studies on human&amp;#8211;termite interactions and farmers&amp;#8217; indigenous knowledge across Sub-Saharan Africa in an effort to build coherent principles for termite management. The review revealed that local communities have comprehensive indigenous knowledge of termite ecology and taxonomy, and apply various indigenous control practices. Many communities also have elaborate knowledge of the nutritional and medicinal value of termites and mushrooms associated with termite nests. Children and women also widely consume termite mound soil for nutritional or other benefits encouraged by indigenous belief...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Biodiversity; Geophagy; Management; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2009

The Energy-Water Nexus in Texas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stillwell, Ashlynn S.; The University of Texas at Austin; Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering; ashlynn.stillwell@mail.utexas.edu; King, Carey W.; The University of Texas at Austin; Center for International Energy &amp; Environmental Policy; careyking@mail.utexas.edu; Webber, Michael E.; The University of Texas at Austin; Department of Mechanical Engineering; webber@mail.utexas.edu; Duncan, Ian J.; The University of Texas at Austin; Bureau of Economic Geology; duncani@beg.utexas.edu; Hardberger, Amy; Environmental Defense Fund; ahardberger@edf.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Energy; Policy; Texas; Water.
Ano: 2011

REDD+ for the poor or the poor for REDD+? About the limitations of environmental policies in the Amazon and the potential of achieving environmental goals through pro-poor policies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pokorny, Benno; University of Freiburg; benno.pokorny@waldbau.uni-freiburg.de.
Once again, the international community focuses on the preservation of Amazonian forests, in particular through a bundle of initiatives grouped under the term of REDD+. Initially focusing on reducing carbon emissions, the REDD+ process became increasingly linked with developmental goals that represent the primary interest of all Amazon countries. In consequence, REDD+ can be seen as another attempt to achieve the twin goals of environmental protection and rural development, and consequently, relies on the strategies and tools of past efforts. Against this background, we explore past experiences with key strategies for environmental protection and poverty alleviation in the Amazon to critically reflect about the potential of REDD+ to contribute to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Development Policies; Forest Management; Poverty Alleviation; REDD+; Rural Development; Sustainability.
Ano: 2013

Ecosystem Modeling for Evaluation of Adaptive Management Policies in the Grand Canyon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walters, Carl J; University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Korman, Josh; Ecometric Research Inc.; jkorman@ecometric.com; Stevens, Lawrence E; Stevens Ecological Consulting; farvana@aol.com; Gold, Barry; The David and Lucile Packard Foundation; bgold@packard.org.
An Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management workshop process was used to assist Grand Canyon scientists and managers in developing conceptual and simulation models for the Colorado ecosystem affected by Glen Canyon Dam. This model examines ecosystem variables and processes at multiple scales in space and time, ranging from feet and hours for benthic algal response to diurnal flow changes, to reaches and decades for sediment storage and dynamics of long-lived native fish species. Its aim is to help screen policy options ranging from changes in hourly variation in flow allowed from Glen Canyon Dam, to major structural changes for restoration of more natural temperature regimes. It appears that we can make fairly accurate predictions about some...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Aquatic primary productivity; Colorado River; Dam; Ecosystem models; Grand Canyon; Habitat restoration; Hydrology; Insect productivity; Native fishes; Riparian ecosystems; Sediment budget.
Ano: 2000

Tibetan Sacred Sites: Understanding the Traditional Management System and Its Role in Modern Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shen, Xiaoli; Center for Nature and Society, School  of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; xlshen.pku@gmail.com; Lu, Zhi; Center for Nature and Society, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;ShanShui Conservation Center, Beijing, 100871, China; luzhi@pku.edu.cn; Li, Shengzhi; ShanShui Conservation Center, Beijing, 100871, China;; Chen, Nyima; ShanShui Conservation Center, Beijing, 100871, China;.
Sacred sites are based on indigenous culture and traditional practices that value land and lives, and are considered to be of significant contribution in biodiversity conservation. However, there is a lack of understanding about how these traditional systems function (i.e., the distribution and size of sacred sites, their management and current status), especially for those sites within the Tibetan region. From 2004 to 2007, we investigated 213 sacred mountains, a major form of Tibetan sacred site, in western China, and documented their traditional management system. We mapped 154 sacred mountains within a GIS and estimated their average size was 25.9 km2 (range 0.6&amp;#8211;208.4 km2), with sacred mountains of greater religious significance covering...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Informal institutions; Participatory mapping; Protected areas; Tibetan sacred sites; Traditional land management.
Ano: 2012

The Long and the Short of the "View Thing"
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Quantifying the Road-Effect Zone: Threshold Effects of a Motorway on Anuran Populations in Ontario, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eigenbrod, Felix; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada; felix.eigenbrod@gmail.com; Hecnar, Stephen J.; Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; shecnar@lakeheadu.ca; Fahrig, Lenore; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Accessible habitat; Amphibian decline; Anuran populations; Ecological thresholds; Forests; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Piecewise regression; Road ecology.
Ano: 2009

The social nature of environmental knowledge among the nomadic Wo&amp;#0599;aa&amp;#0595;e of Niger
Provedor de dados: 7
Pastoral nomads such as West Africa&amp;#8217;s Wo&amp;#0599;aa&amp;#0595;e are renowned for the impressive environmental knowledge they apply to successfully raise animal herds in arid and variable environments. We looked at such herders&amp;#8217; knowledge not as based on individual learning and expertise but as ultimately social in the sense that it is formed, made available, and linked to pastoral decision making in the public and interactive space of permanent talking, discussing, and negotiating among peers. Drawing on theoretical ideas from science and technology studies, a number of concrete social situations of information management and pastoral decision making were explored in detail to reveal the distinctly social character of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fulani; Local environmental knowledge; Niger; Pastoral nomads; Science and technology studies; West Africa; Wo&amp;#0599; Aa&amp;#0595; E.
Ano: 2014

Innovating at the margins: the System of Rice Intensification in India and transformative social innovation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prasad, Shambu C; Institute of Rural Management Anand; shambu@irma.ac.in.
I explore transformative social innovation in agriculture through a particular case of agroecological innovation, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India. Insights from social innovation theory that emphasize the roles of social movements and the reengagement of vulnerable populations in societal transformation can help reinstate the missing &amp;#8220;social&amp;#8221; dimension in current discourses on innovation in India. India has a rich and vibrant tradition of social innovation wherein vulnerable communities have engaged in collective experimentation. This is often missed in official or formal accounts. Social innovations such as SRI can help recreate these possibilities for change from outside the mainstream due to newer opportunities that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civil society; Innovation networks; Social innovation theory; System of Rice Intensification.
Ano: 2016

Multilevel governance in community-based environmental management: a case study comparison from Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sattler, Claudia; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Socio-Economics; csattler@zalf.de; Meyer, Angela; Organisation for International Dialogue and Conflict Management; angela.meyer@idialog.eu; Giersch, Gregor; Organisation for International Dialogue and Conflict Management; gregor.giersch@idialog.eu; Meyer, Claas; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Socio-Economics; claas.meyer@zalf.de; Matzdorf, Bettina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Socio-Economics; matzdorf@zalf.de.
We analyze four case studies from Latin America using the concept of multilevel governance to assess at what vertical and horizontal levels and in what roles various state, market, and civil society actors interact for successful community-based environmental management (CBEM). In particular, we address the problem of how a conflict over natural resources with high negative impacts on the livelihoods of the respective communities could be overcome by a governance change that resulted in a multilevel governance arrangement for CBEM. The analysis involves a mixed-methods approach that combines a variety of empirical methods in social research such as field visits, personal interviews, participant observations, and stakeholder workshops. To visualize results,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civil society; Community management; Ecosystem services; Environmental governance; Intermediaries; Natural resource management.
Ano: 2016

From Satellite Imagery to Peatland Vegetation Diversity: How Reliable Are Habitat Maps?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rochefort, Line; ;.
Although satellite imagery is becoming a basic component of the work of ecologists and conservationists, its potential and reliability are still relatively unknown for a large number of ecosystems. Using Landsat 7/ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) data, we tested the accuracy of two types of supervised classifications for mapping 13 peatland habitats in southern Quebec, Canada. Before classifying peatland habitats, we applied a mask procedure that revealed 629 peatlands covering a total of 18,103 ha; 26% of them were larger than 20 ha. We applied both a simple maximum likelihood (ML) function and a weighted maximum likelihood (WML) function that took into account the proportion of each habitat class within each peatland when classifying the habitats on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Landsat 7; Coarse filter; Error matrix; Habitat distinctiveness; Habitat variability; Mask procedure; Maximum likelihood classification; Peatland habitats; Plant species assemblages; Remote sensing; Supervised classification; Wetland conservation.
Ano: 2002

Exploring the Promise of Actor Analysis for Environmental Policy Analysis: Lessons from Four Cases in Water Resources Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hermans, Leon M.; Delft University of Technology; l.m.hermans@tudelft.nl.
A persistent challenge for the development of well-informed and sound environmental policies is to improve the connection between environmental experts, decision makers, and other involved actors. Answers are sought in processes for social learning and adaptive co-management that engage experts, decision makers, and local actors in an interactive way of policy making. The preparation and organization of such interactive processes is usefully supported by actor analysis, which can help to identify the main actors to be involved in environmental policy making, to locate useful local knowledge, to identify potential conflicts, and to assess the feasibility of different policy measures. I explored the promise that actor analysis holds to support environmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor analysis; Environmental policy; Policy analysis; Stakeholder analysis; Water resources management.
Ano: 2008

From barriers to limits to climate change adaptation: path dependency and the speed of change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnett, Jon; School of Geography, University of Melbourne; jbarn@unimelb.edu.au; Evans, Louisa S; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Gross, Catherine; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University; catherine.gross@anu.edu.au; Kiem, Anthony S; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle; anthony.kiem@newcastle.edu.au; Kingsford, Richard T.; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; richard.kingsford@unsw.edu.au; Palutikof, Jean P.; National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Griffith University; j.palutikof@griffith.edu.au; Pickering, Catherine M; School of Environment, Griffith University; c.pickering@griffith.edu.au; Smithers, Scott G; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; scott.smithers@jcu.edu.au.
Research on the barriers and limits to climate change adaptation identifies many factors, but describes few processes whereby adaptation is constrained or may indeed fail to avoid catastrophic losses. It often assumes that barriers are by and large distinct from limits to adaptation. We respond to recent calls for comparative studies that are able to further knowledge about the underlying drivers of barriers and limits to adaptation. We compare six cases from across Australia, including those in alpine areas, rivers, reefs, wetlands, small inland communities, and islands, with the aim of identifying common underlying drivers of barriers and limits to adaptation. We find that the path-dependent nature of the institutions that govern natural resources and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communities; Cultures; Ecosystems; Markets; Path dependence; Transformation; Values.
Ano: 2015

A Revised Conceptual Framework for Payments for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sommerville, Matthew M.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; m.sommerville06@imperial.ac.uk; Jones, Julia P. G.; School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Bangor; julia.jones@bangor.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk.
Over the past decade, &amp;#8220;Payments for Environmental Services&amp;#8221; (PES) have received a great deal of attention as a natural-resource management approach. We propose a revised definition and framework for PES implementation that focuses on the use of positive incentives as the philosophy behind PES and conditionality as the method for influencing behaviors. We note the importance of additionality of PES interventions to justify their value in a wider context. Finally, we highlight the need to understand the local institutional context in terms of the characteristics of buyers, sellers, and their relationship for implementation to be effective. Our framework acts as a platform to begin examining how the variety of options for structuring PES...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Conditional; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Incentives; Institutions; Monitoring; Transactions.
Ano: 2009

Scope and precision of sustainability assessment approaches to food systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schader, Christian; Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL); christian.schader@fibl.org; Grenz, Jan; Bern University of Applied Sciences; jan.grenz@bfh.ch; Meier, Matthias S; Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL); matthias.meier@fibl.org; Stolze, Matthias; Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL); matthias.stolze@fibl.org.
With sustainability within food systems becoming an increasingly important issue, several approaches that claim to assess the sustainability of farms, farming systems, and supply chains have been developed. Looking more closely at these sustainability impact assessment approaches, we discerned considerable differences between them in terms of scope, the level of assessment, and the precision of indicators used for impact assessment. Our aim was to classify and analyze a range of available sustainability impact assessment approaches with respect to scope and precision. From a total of 35 sustainability assessment approaches, we selected 6 for a detailed comparison. From our analysis, we concluded that there are 3 different types of trade-offs in these...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Classification; Life cycle assessment; SAFA guidelines; Sustainability assessment; Typology.
Ano: 2014

Caution Against Using Intact Forest-Landscapes Data at Regional Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lee, Peter G.; Global Forest Watch Canada; peter@globalforestwatch.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Forest degradation; Global forest assessment; Intactness; Landsat  remote sensing; Wilderness.
Ano: 2009

Threatened common property resource system and factors for resilience: lessons drawn from serege-commons in Muhur, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dessalegn, Mengistu; International Water Management Institute (IWMI); mengistudsquare@gmail.com.
This ethnographic case study of serege-commons, communal pasture and forest in Muhur, Ethiopia, demonstrates the socially complex nature of the common property resource (CPR) system, including the factors behind its resilience and sustained operation. It reveals the multifaceted and interacting local processes that maintain the commons in the face of political economic processes that challenge common property management. The study shows how CPR use, crop cultivation, alternative livelihood strategies, out-migration, collective herding practices, management practices, and alternative sources of compliance interact, and these interacting processes reinforce each other and maintain a resilient CPR system. This study argues that there is not one single cause...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common property resource (CPR); Complex social-ecological systems; Muhur; Resilience; Serege-commons.
Ano: 2016

Genetically Modified Organisms at the Crossroads: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Lonsdale, Mark; CSIRO Entomology; mark.lonsdale@ento.csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: GMO technology; Agriculture; Ecosystem effects; Genetically modified organisms; Indirect effects; Introduced species; Risk analysis; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000

The Relevance of Local Participatory Scenario Planning for Ecosystem Management Policies in the Basque Country, Northern Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Palacios-Agundez, Igone; Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; igone.palacios@ehu.es; Casado-Arzuaga, Izaskun; Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU;  Izaskun.casado@ehu.es; Madariaga, Iosu; Environment Department, County Council of Biscay; Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; iosu.madariaga@bizkaia.net; Onaindia, Miren; Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; miren.onaindia@ehu.es.
As part of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in Biscay, Basque Country, we described scenarios for Biscay through 2050 in an integrated and participatory way by downscaling the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) global scenarios, analyzed how ecosystem services and human well-being might change in a range of plausible futures, identified management strategies for the territory through a backcasting process, and explored the relevance of scenarios to policy making. Our intention was to strengthen the link to policy making and to achieve a real implementation of our research results in ecosystem management policies. We also aimed to provide more insights on how large-scale scenario developments can be translated to the local level. In doing so, we...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biscay subglobal assessment (EEMBiscay); Ecosystem service; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Multiscale scenarios; Policy impact; Scenario planning; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2013

Differential Vulnerability to Hurricanes in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic: The Contribution of Education
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pichler, Adelheid; University of Vienna; adelheid.pichler@univie.ac.at; Striessnig, Erich; Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID, WU), Vienna University of Economics and Business; erich.striessnig@wu.ac.at.
The possible impacts of the level of formal education on different aspects of disaster management, prevention, alarm, emergency, or postdisaster activities, were studied in a comparative perspective for three countries with a comparable exposure to hurricane hazards but different capacities for preventing harm. The study focused on the role of formal education in reducing vulnerability operating through a long-term learning process and put particular emphasis on the education of women. The comparative statistical analysis of the three countries was complemented through qualitative studies in Cuba and the Dominican Republic collected in 2010-2011. We also analyzed to what degree targeted efforts to reduce vulnerability were interconnected with other policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacities; Caribbean; Education; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

The Social Construction of Fishing, 1949
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Finley, Carmel; Department of History, Oregon State University; carmel.finley@oregonstate.edu.
The theoretical construction known as maximum sustained yield (MSY) exists in three realms: as science, as policy, and as a legal concept. Despite substantial criticism by scientists and economists, MSY remains at the heart of fisheries science and fisheries management. This paper suggests that its institutional resilience springs more from its policy and legal roles than from its scientific strength. Maximum sustained yield was adopted as the goal of American fisheries policy in 1949. Between 1949 and 1955, the State Department pushed for its adoption internationally. In this paper, I first look briefly at the relationship between fishing and foreign policy goals during this period. Second, I look at how fishing was understood during 1949, when the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Fisheries history; Fisheries management; Milner B. Schaefer; Salmon; Surplus production theory; Wilbert M. Chapman; William C. Herrington.
Ano: 2009

Total Historical Land-Use Change in Eastern Bolivia: Who, Where, When, and How Much?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Killeen, Timothy J; Conservation International; t.killeen@conservation.org; Guerra, Anna; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; aguerra@museonoelkempff.org; Calzada, Miki; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; mcalzada@museonoelkempff.org; Correa, Lisette; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; lcorrea@museonoelkempff.org; Calderon, Veronica; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; vcalderon@museonoelkempff.org; Soria, Liliana; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; lsoria@museonoelkempff.org; Quezada, Belem; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; bquezada@museonoelkempff.org; Steininger, Marc K; Conservation International; m.steininger@conservation.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Drivers; Land-cover change; Markets; Migration; Social sectors; Tropics.
Ano: 2008

It is just not fair: the Endangered Species Act in the United States and Ontario
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olive, Andrea; University of Toronto; andrea.olive@utoronto.ca.
The United States and the Canadian province of Ontario have enacted endangered species laws that regulate private land. The rationale for this is that the vast majority of endangered species in the two countries rely on private lands for survival. However, from a landowner perspective the law is deemed unfair. This paper presents analysis from 141 interviews with landowners in three U.S. states and Ontario. In recognition of distributive justice claims, both the U.S. government and the Ontario government have enacted programs aimed at increasing financial incentives for participation and compliance with the law. However, the law is still perceived as unfair. The central argument of this paper is that future amendments and new policies for endangered...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Endangered Species Act; Environmental justice; Justice-as-recognition; Landowners; Private property; Procedural justice.
Ano: 2016

How Personal Judgment Influences Scenario Development: an Example for Future Rural Development in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Metzger, Marc J.; Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and Sustainability (CECS), University of Edinburgh ; Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre; marc.metzger@ed.ac.uk; Rounsevell, Mark D.A.; Centre for the study of Environmental Change and Sustainability (CECS), University of Edinburgh;; Van den Heiligenberg, Harm A.R.M.; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL); Province of Utrecht;; Soto Hardiman, Paul; Grupo Alba;.
Scenarios of alternative plausible futures have been used extensively to explore the potential effects of socioeconomic and environmental change. The ultimate objective of any explorative scenario exercise is to assess the variation in possible futures to provide insights into the range of potential outcomes. These results provide stakeholders with guidance for policy development, planning, and management. We explore how personal judgment can influence scenario development. Scenarios for the future of European rural regions are used to explore alternative outcomes under a public interventionist future and a market liberalization oriented future. A transparent qualitative framework is used to identify differences in outcomes based on personal judgment....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy reform; Explorative scenarios; Personal judgment; Rural development; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010

Communicating Ecology Through Art: What Scientists Think
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Curtis, David J; University of New England; irf@une.edu.au; Reid, Nick; University of New England; nrei3@une.edu.au; Ballard, Guy; University of New England; guy.ballard@industry.nsw.gov.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Art and environment; Arts and society; Environmental behavior; Music; Performance; Scientific communication; Social effects of the arts; Sustainability.
Ano: 2012

Local vs. Landscape Effects of Woody Field Borders as Barriers to Crop Pest Movement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bhar, Rod; Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology; rbhar@ccs.carleton.ca; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
Maintenance of woody borders surrounding crop fields is desirable for biodiversity conservation. However, for crop pest management, the desirability of woody borders depends on the trade-off between their effects at the local field scale and the landscape scale. At the local scale, woody borders can reduce pest populations by increasing predation rates, but they can also increase pest populations by providing complementary habitats and reducing movement rate of pests out of crop fields. At the regional scale, woody borders can reduce pest populations by reducing colonization of newly planted crop fields. Our objective was to develop guidelines for maximizing pest control while maintaining woody borders in the landscape. We wished to determine the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Crop pest; Crop rotation; Dispersal; Fencerow; Field margin; Hedgerow; Patchy population; Pest control; Shelterbelt; Simulation model; Woody border.
Ano: 1998

Generalizable principles for ecosystem stewardship-based management of social-ecological systems: lessons learned from Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hansen, Winslow D.; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; whansen3@wisc.edu.
Human pressure could compromise the provision of ecosystem services if we do not implement strategies such as ecosystem stewardship  to foster sustainable trajectories. Barriers to managing systems based on ecosystem stewardship principles are pervasive, including institutional constraints and uncertain system dynamics. However, solutions to help managers overcome these barriers are less common. How can we better integrate ecosystem stewardship into natural resource management practices? I draw on examples from the literature and two broadly applicable case studies from Alaska to suggest some generalizable principles that can help managers redirect how people use and view ecosystems. These include (1) accounting for both people and ecosystems in management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Bark beetle outbreak; Ecosystem disservices; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem stewardship based management strategies; Kenai Peninsula; King salmon; Regime shift; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Transformation; Wildfire; Yukon River drainage.
Ano: 2014

The Social Dimensions of Sustainability and Change in Diversified Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bacon, Christopher M; Department of Environmental Studies &amp; Sciences, Santa Clara University; cbacon@scu.edu; Getz, Christy; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley ; cgetz@berkeley.edu; Kraus, Sibella ; President Sustainable Agriculture Education (SAGE); sibella@sagecenter.org; Montenegro, Maywa; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley ; maywa@berkeley.edu; Holland, Kaelin; Department of Environmental Studies &amp; Sciences, Santa Clara University ; holland.kaelin@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agricultural parks; Central Valley; Latin America; Organic certification; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2012

Are We Entering an Era of Concatenated Global Crises?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Duan; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville Australia; ancientantwren@gmail.com; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Dakos, Vasilis; Department of Aquatic Ecology &amp; Water Quality Management, Wageningen University; vasileios.dakos@wur.nl; Scholes, Robert J; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; BScholes@csir.co.za; Schoon, Michael; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Michael.Schoon@asu.edu.
An increase in the frequency and intensity of environmental crises associated with accelerating human-induced global change is of substantial concern to policy makers. The potential impacts, especially on the poor, are exacerbated in an increasingly connected world that enables the emergence of crises that are coupled in time and space. We discuss two factors that can interact to contribute to such an increased concatenation of crises: (1) the increasing strength of global vs. local drivers of change, so that changes become increasingly synchronized; and (2) unprecedented potential for the propagation of crises, and an enhanced risk of management interventions in one region becoming drivers elsewhere, because of increased connectivity. We discuss the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Concatenation; Connectivity; Crisis; Disaster; Food price crisis; Governance; Learning; Thresholds.
Ano: 2011

A framework for analyzing, comparing, and diagnosing social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); sendzim@iiasa.ac.at.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Framework development; Governance system; Resource system; Sustainability.
Ano: 2015

A Framing Approach to Cross-disciplinary Research Collaboration: Experiences from a Large-scale Research Project on Adaptive Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dewulf, Art; Center for Organizational and Personnel Psychology (K.U.Leuven); art.dewulf@psy.kuleuven.be; Taillieu, Tharsi; Center for Organizational and Personnel Psychology (K.U.Leuven); tharsi.taillieu@psy.kuleuven.be.
Although cross-disciplinary research collaboration is necessary to achieve a better understanding of how human and natural systems are dynamically linked, it often turns out to be very difficult in practice. We outline a framing approach to cross-disciplinary research that focuses on the different perspectives that researchers from different backgrounds use to make sense of the issues they want to research jointly. Based on interviews, participants&amp;#8217; evaluations, and our own observations during meetings, we analyze three aspects of frame diversity in a large-scale research project. First, we identify dimensions of difference in the way project members frame the central concept of adaptive water management. Second, we analyze the challenges...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Cross-disciplinary research; Framing.
Ano: 2007

Developing conservation targets in social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Phillip S; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; phil.levin@noaa.gov; Williams, Gregory D; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; greg.williams@noaa.gov; Rehr, Amanda; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; pearlgrl@gmail.com; Norman, Karma C; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; karma.norman@noaa.gov; Harvey, Chris J; National Marine Fisheries Service; Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov.
The development of targets is foundational in conservation. Although progress has been made in setting targets, the diverse linkages among ecological and social components make target setting for coupled social-ecological systems extremely challenging. Developing integrated social-ecological targets is difficult because it forces policy makers to consider how management actions propagate throughout social-ecological systems, and because ultimately it is society, not scientists, that defines targets. We developed an interdisciplinary approach for identifying management targets and illustrate this approach using an example motivated by Puget Sound, USA. Our approach blends ecological modeling with empirical social science to articulate trade-offs and reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation target; Ecosystem assessment; Scenario analysis; Social norm analysis.
Ano: 2015

Tropical cities are diverse and deserve more social-ecological attention
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lugo, Ariel E.; USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico; alugo@fs.fed.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Ano: 2014

Fit in the Body: Matching Embodied Cognition with Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hukkinen, Janne I; University of Helsinki; janne.i.hukkinen@helsinki.fi.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Adaptive management; Blending; Cognitive anthropology; Cognitive linguistics; Conceptual integration; Embodied cognition; Environmental policy; Neoclassical economics; Panarchy; Social-ecological systems; Socio-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Applying the system viability framework for cross-scalar governance of nested social-ecological systems in the Guiana Shield, South America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berardi, Andrea; The Open University; andrea.berardi@open.ac.uk; Mistry, Jayalaxshmi; Royal Holloway University of London; j.mistry@rhul.ac.uk; Bignante, Elisa; Department of Cultures, Politics and Society, University of Torino; elisa.bignante@unito.it; Davis, Odacy; Iwokrama International Centre; odacyd@gmail.com; Haynes, Lakeram; North Rupununi District Development Board; lakehays@gmail.com; Benjamin, Ryan; North Rupununi District Development Board; garybejamin@gmail.com; Albert, Grace; North Rupununi District Development Board; grace.albert.cobra@gmail.com; Xavier, Rebecca; North Rupununi District Development Board; rebeccaxavier86@gmail.com; Jafferally, Deirdre; Iwokrama International Centre; deirdre.jafferally@gmail.com.
Linking and analyzing governance of natural resources at different scales requires the development of a conceptual framework for analyzing social-ecological systems that can be easily applied by a range of stakeholders whose interests lie at different scales, but where the results of the analysis can be compared in a straightforward way. We outline the system viability framework, which allows participants to characterize a range of strategies in response to environment challenges for maintaining the long-term survival of their particular system of interest. Working in the Guiana Shield, South America, and with a range of local, regional, and international stakeholders, our aim was to use system viability to (1) investigate synergies and conflicts between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Environmental governance; Guiana Shield; Guyana; Natural resource management; Participatory video; Sustainability indicators; System viability.
Ano: 2015

Ecological Sustainability of Birds in Boreal Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Niemi, Gerald; University of Minnesota; gniemi@d.umn.edu; Hanowski, JoAnn; University of Minnesota; jhanowsk@sage.nrri.umn.edu; Helle, Pekka; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; meltausrta@HELSINKI.RKTL.fi; Howe, Robert; University of Wisconsin; hower@uwgb.wi.edu; Venier, Lisa; Canadian Forest Service; lvenier@nrcan.gc.ca; Welsh, Daniel; Canadian Forest Service; dwelsh@AM.NCR.FORESTRY.CA.
We review characteristics of birds in boreal forests in the context of their ecological sustainability under both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. We identify the underlying ecological factors associated with boreal bird populations and their variability, review the interactions between boreal bird populations and disturbance, and describe some tools on how boreal bird populations may be conserved in the future. The boreal system has historically been an area with extensive disturbance such as fire, insect outbreaks, and wind. In addition, the boreal system is vulnerable to global climate change as well as increasing pressure on forest and water resources. Current knowledge indicates that birds play an important role in boreal forests, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Birds; Boreal; Conservation; Disturbance; Forests; Forestry; Natural resources; Nearctic; Palearctic; Sustainability; Trends.
Ano: 1998

Ecological Dominants vs. Keystone Species: A Call for Reason
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; r_davic@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

What You Know is Who You Know? Communication Patterns Among Resource Users as a Prerequisite for Co-management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice; Dept. of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; beatrice@system.ecology.su.se.
The social networks is one factor determining the flow of information within communities and as such may be important in determining successful implementation of community based management. We mapped the social network used for communication of knowledge and information related to natural resource extraction among villagers in a coastal seascape in Kenya. We further identified subgroups and examined their interrelations while measuring to what extent personal attributes such as occupation can explain observed group structure. Finally, we compared the local ecological knowledge held by villagers of different occupations with the structure of the communication network to map how well this structure can explain distribution of ecological knowledge among them....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-management; Communication patterns; East Africa; Ecological knowledge; Fisheries; Fishing gear; Social networks.
Ano: 2006

Many-objective robust decision making for managing an ecosystem with a deeply uncertain threshold response
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Singh, Riddhi; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University; riddhi@iith.ac.in; Reed, Patrick M.; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University; patrick.reed@cornell.edu; Keller, Klaus; Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University; Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University; Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University; klaus@psu.edu.
Managing ecosystems with deeply uncertain threshold responses and multiple decision makers poses nontrivial decision analytical challenges.  The problem is imbued with deep uncertainties because decision makers do not know or cannot converge on a single probability density function for each key parameter, a perfect model structure, or a single adequate objective. The existing literature on managing multistate ecosystems has generally followed a normative decision-making approach based on expected utility maximization (MEU). This approach has simple and intuitive axiomatic foundations, but faces at least two limitations.  First, a prespecified utility function is often unable to capture the preferences of diverse decision makers.  Second, decision...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: A posteriori decision making; Deep uncertainty; Lake eutrophication; Many objective; Robustness analysis; Utility.
Ano: 2015

Open Source and Open Content: a Framework for Global Collaboration in Social-Ecological Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schweik, Charles; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; cschweik@pubpol.umass.edu; Evans, Tom; Indiana University; evans@indiana.edu; Grove, J. Morgan; U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station; mgrove@fs.fed.us.
This paper discusses opportunities for alternative collaborative approaches for social-ecological research in general and, in this context, for modeling land-use/land-cover change.  In this field, the rate of progress in academic research is steady but perhaps not as rapid or efficient as might be possible with alternative organizational frameworks.  The convergence of four phenomena provides new opportunities for cross-organizational collaboration: (1) collaborative principles related to "open source" (OS) software development, (2) the emerging area of "open content" (OC) licensing, (3) the World Wide Web as a platform for scientific communication, and (4) the traditional concept of peer review. Although private individuals, government organizations, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Land use; Land cover; Modeling; Open content; Free/libre software; Open source software.
Ano: 2005

Mussel Production and Water Framework Directive Targets in the Limfjord, Denmark: an Integrated Assessment for Use in System-Based Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dinesen, Grete E.; Coastal Ecology Section, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark; gdi@aqua.dtu.dk; Timmermann, Karen; AU NERI, Roskilde;; Roth, Eva; SDU, Esbjerg;; Markager, Stiig; AU NERI, Roskilde;; Ravn-Jonsen, Lars; SDU, Esbjerg;; Hjorth, Morten; AU NERI, Roskilde;; Holmer, Marianne; SDU, Odense;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Bioeconomical modeling; Blue mussels; Danish estuary; Eutrophication; Fishery; Integrated coastal system assessment; Stakeholder involvement.
Ano: 2011

Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Brock, William; University of Wisconsin; brock@macc.wisc.edu; Hanson, Paul; University of Wisconsin; pchanson@facstaff.wisc.edu.
Simulation models were developed to explore and illustrate dynamics of socioecological systems. The ecosystem is a lake subject to phosphorus pollution. Phosphorus flows from agriculture to upland soils, to surface waters, where it cycles between water and sediments. The ecosystem is multistable, and moves among domains of attraction depending on the history of pollutant inputs. The alternative states yield different economic benefits. Agents form expectations about ecosystem dynamics, markets, and/or the actions of managers, and choose levels of pollutant inputs accordingly. Agents have heterogeneous beliefs and/or access to information. Their aggregate behavior determines the total rate of pollutant input. As the ecosystem changes, agents update their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive agent models; Adaptive management; Bounded rationality; Ecological economics; Ecosystem oscillations; Integrated models; Lake eutrophication; Nonpoint pollution; Phosphorus cycles; Simulation models; Social-natural systems.
Ano: 1999

Toward successful joint knowledge production for climate change adaptation: lessons from six regional projects in the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hegger, Dries; Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; d.l.t.hegger@uu.nl; Dieperink, Carel; Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; c.dieperink@uu.nl.
In the domain of climate change adaptation, joint knowledge production (JKP) through intensive cooperation between scientists, policy-makers, and other actors is often proposed as a means to reconcile supply and demand for knowledge. Regional adaptation projects in the Netherlands form prominent examples of this. However, there is a lack of systematic empirical studies on how JKP can be done successfully. Here, we take the next step toward generating design principles for JKP. We do so by carrying out a comparative analysis of six Dutch adaptation projects using a previously developed assessment framework. Project documents were studied, and 30 semi-structured interviews were held with researchers, policy-makers, and financiers in the projects. Based on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative case study analysis; Constructivist approach; Design principles; Environmental governance; Joint knowledge production; Knowledge production for sustainable development; Regional climate change adaptation; The Netherlands; Typology.
Ano: 2014

Collapse and Reorganization in Social-Ecological Systems: Questions, Some Ideas, and Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Nick; CSIRO; nick.abel@csiro.au; Cumming, David H. M.; University of Zimbabwe; dcumming@science.uz.ac.zw; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Key words: resilience  collapse; Recovery; Social-ecological systems; Adaptive cycle; Natural capital; Social capital; Human capital; Zimbabwe; Australia.
Ano: 2006

Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Biggs, Reinette; Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@su.se; Reyers, Belinda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; belinda.reyers@su.se.
Humanity has emerged as a major force in the operation of the biosphere. The focus is shifting from the environment as externality to the biosphere as precondition for social justice, economic development, and sustainability. In this article, we exemplify the intertwined nature of social-ecological systems and emphasize that they operate within, and as embedded parts of the biosphere and as such coevolve with and depend on it. We regard social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems and use a social-ecological resilience approach as a lens to address and understand their dynamics. We raise the challenge of stewardship of development in concert with the biosphere for people in diverse contexts and places as critical for long-term sustainability and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Anthropocene; Biosphere stewardship; Natural capital; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2016

In Pursuit of Knowledge: Addressing Barriers to Effective Conservation Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bottrill, Madeleine C; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland; m.bottrill@uq.edu.au; Hockings, Marc; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland; m.hockings@uq.edu.au; Possingham, Hugh P; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland; h.possingham@uq.edu.au.
Evaluation, the process of assessing the effectiveness of programs and activities, has gained increasing attention in the conservation sector as programs seek to account for investments, measure their impacts, and adapt interventions to improve future outcomes.    We conducted a country-wide evaluation of terrestrial-based conservation programs in Samoa. Though rarely applied, the benefit of evaluating multiple projects at once is that it highlights factors which are persistent and influential across the entire conservation sector. We found mixed success in achieving goals among conservation programs; yet this result is surrounded by uncertainty because of the quality of existing evidence on project outcomes.  We explore the role of different components of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Pacific Islands; Success.
Ano: 2011

Landowners' perceptions of risk in grassland management: woody plant encroachment and prescribed fire
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harr, Ryan N.; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa State University; ryan.harr@dnr.iowa.gov; Wright Morton, Lois; Iowa State University; lwmorton@iastate.edu; Rusk, Shannon R.; Iowa State University; rusk@iastate.edu; Engle, David M.; Oklahoma State University; david.engle@okstate.edu; Miller, James R.; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; jrmillr@illinios.edu; Debinski, Diane; Iowa State University; debinski@iastate.edu.
Ecologists recognize that fire and herbivory are essential to maintaining habitat quality in grassland ecosystems. Prescribed fire and grazing are typically used on public reserves to increase biodiversity, improve grassland productivity, and control encroachment of woody plants. However, these tools, particularly prescribed fire, have not been widely adopted by private landowners. Fire suppression and prescribed fire are strategies that present competing risks to owners who make management decisions. We explore landowner perceptions of risk associated with (1) eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment, and (2) the use of prescribed fire to control woody species in the Grand River Grasslands of Iowa and Missouri, USA. We found that although...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Concept mapping; Eastern redcedar; Fire suppression; Grassland management; Landowner perception; Prescribed fire; Private landowners; Risk perception; Tallgrass prairie.
Ano: 2014

Social networks and environmental management at multiple levels: soil conservation in Sumatra
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Matous, Petr; University of Tokyo; University of Sydney; petr.matous@sydney.edu.au.
Many agrarian communities in developing countries suffer from insufficient productivity and use farming practices that deteriorate the environment both locally and globally. Research suggests that social networks play a role in environmental management, different studies emphasize different aspects of network structures, and the implications of the scales at which networks operate are not explicitly discussed. Here, I ask what types of social structures in farmer networks are conducive to environmental protection and agricultural productivity enhancement, and I show that the answer depends on the scale of the investigation. Using original data representing 16 farmer groups comprising 315 households and 1575 information-sharing links, I analyzed the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based management; Cross-level interactions; Fertilizers; Social networks; Soil management.
Ano: 2015

Achieving good environmental status in the Black Sea: scale mismatches in environmental management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O'Higgins@sams.ac.uk; Farmer, Andrew; Institute for European Environmental Policy; AFarmer@ieep.eu; Daskalov, Georgi; IBER-BAS;; Knudsen, Stale; University in Bergen; stale.knudsen@sosantr.uib.no; Mee, Laurence; Scottish Association for Marine Science; laurence.mee@sams.ac.uk.
The Black Sea has suffered severe environmental degradation.  Governance of the Black Sea region is complex and results in a series of scale mismatches which constrain management.  This paper develops a simple classification of spatial scale mismatches incorporating the driver, pressure, state, welfare, response (DPSWR)  framework.  The scale mismatch classification is applied to two major environmental problems of the Black Sea, eutrophication and small pelagic fisheries.  A number of scale mismatches are described and classified and potential solutions are identified.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Black Sea; Ecosystem approach; Eutrophication; Fisheries; Marine strategy framework directive; Scale mismatch.
Ano: 2014

Understanding human resilience in the context of interconnected health and social systems: Whose understanding matters most?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Almedom, Astier M.; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, Lund University Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University Centre for Societal Resilience; astieralmedom@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Epistemological plurality; Health and social systems; Human resilience.
Ano: 2015

Highly Optimized Tolerant (HOT) Farms in Rond&amp;#244;nia: Productivity and Farm Size, and Implications for Environmental Licensing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; andybell@umich.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2011

Fixed Visions and Visionaries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandhu, Jaswinder S; Looking for teaching/research  job; jassi@hotmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Socioeconomic drivers of yard sustainable practices in a tropical city
Provedor de dados: 7
A growing body of work has emphasized the importance of residential areas to the overall green infrastructure of cities and recognizes that outcomes related to these areas are best studied using a social-ecological approach.  We conducted vegetation surveys to evaluate yard practices that relate to the state of the yard vegetation, including species diversity and abundance, vegetation structure, and the percent of green area of yards versus paved areas, at the R&amp;#237;o Piedras watershed within the San Juan metropolitan area. We used concomitant social household surveys to evaluate the association of social-economic and demographic factors at the household scale with these vegetation characteristics, as well as with landscape-level characteristics...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Green infrastructure; Residential yards; Social-ecological systems; Socioeconomic; Sustainability; Tropical; Urban.
Ano: 2014

Local empowerment through the creation of coastal space?
Provedor de dados: 7
Developments in national fisheries and marine environmental policies during the last 30 years have changed the relationship between coastal communities and the marine resources that people in these communities traditionally harvested. In Norway, for example, when the state authorities have made decisions to defend what they regard as national interests, the local level has been left with authority over minor issues related to area planning in the coastal zone. Although coastal planning until recently was about sharing fishing areas between different users, we now see a spatial dimension emerging in planning, giving it a much broader scope. The processes of defining spatial properties and creating coastal space as a governable object have the potential to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal governance; Coastal space; Marine spatial planning.
Ano: 2014

The Dynamics of Social Capital in Influencing Use of Soil Management Options in the Chinyanja Triangle of Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Njuki, Jemimah M; International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); J.Njuki@cgiar.org; Mapila, Mariam T; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria; maleytata@yahoo.com; Zingore, Shamie; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT; S.Zingore@cgiar.org; Delve, Robert; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT; R.Delve@cgiar.org.
Social capital has become a critical issue in agricultural development as it plays an important role in collective action, such as, management of common resources and collective marketing. Whilst literature exists on the role of social capital in the use and adoption of improved agricultural technology, such literature is fraught with issues of the measurement of social capital beyond membership of farmers in groups. We hypothesized that different types of social capital influence the adoption of soil management options differently. This study looked at the measurement of social capital, differentiating between the main types of social capital and employed factor analysis to aggregate indicators of social capital into bonding, bridging, and linking social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gender; Smallholder farmers; Social capital; Soil management.
Ano: 2008

Challenges in adaptive management of riparian and coastal ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walters, Carl; University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Many case studies in adaptive-management planning for riparian ecosystems have failed to produce useful models for policy comparison or good experimental management plans for resolving key uncertainties. Modeling efforts have been plagued by difficulties in representation of cross-scale effects (from rapid hydrologic change to long-term ecological response), lack of data on key processes that are difficult to study, and confounding of factor effects in validation data. Experimental policies have been seen as too costly or risky, particularly in relation to monitoring costs and risk to sensitive species. Research and management stakeholders have shown deplorable self-interest, seeing adaptive-policy development as a threat to existing research programs and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Coastal ecosystems; Ecosystem management; Fisheries; Institutional barriers; Management experiments; Modeling; Riparian ecosystems; Simulation.
Ano: 1997

Traditional Wisdom: Protecting Relationships with Wilderness as a Cultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watson, Alan; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute; awatson@fs.fed.us; Matt, Roian; The Confederated Salish &amp; Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation, Forest Management Department; greeneyednativewoman@yahoo.com; Knotek, Katie; Powell Ranger District, Clearwater National Forest; kknotek@fs.fed.us; Williams, Daniel R.; Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service; drwilliams@fs.fed.us; Yung, Laurie; Department of Society &amp; Conservation, College of Forestry &amp; Conservation, The University of Montana; laurie.yung@umontana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural resources; Landscape meanings; Protected area; Public involvement; Tribal land management.
Ano: 2011

Key characteristics for tool choice in indicator-based sustainability assessment at farm level
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marchand, Fleur; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Ecosystem Management Research Group and IMDO, University of Antwerp ; fleur.marchand@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Debruyne, Lies; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); lies.debruyne@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Triste, Laure; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); laure.triste@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Gerrard, Catherine; The Organic Research Centre; catherine.g@organicresearchcentre.com; Padel, Susanne; The Organic Research Centre; susanne.p@organicresearchcentre.com; Lauwers, Ludwig; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ghent ; Ludwig.lauwers@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
Although the literature on sustainability assessment tools to support decision making in agriculture is rapidly growing, little attention has been paid to the actual tool choice. We focused on the choice of more complex integrated indicator-based tools at the farm level. The objective was to determine key characteristics as criteria for tool choice. This was done with an in-depth comparison of 2 cases: the Monitoring Tool for Integrated Farm Sustainability and the Public Goods Tool. They differ in characteristics that may influence tool choice: data, time, and budgetary requirements. With an enhanced framework, we derived 11 key characteristics to describe differences between the case tools. Based on the key characteristics, we defined 2 types of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Farm level; Full assessment; Rapid assessment; Sustainability assessment tool; Tool choice.
Ano: 2014

Governance of Aquatic Agricultural Systems: Analyzing Representation, Power, and Accountability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ratner, Blake D.; WorldFish; b.ratner@cgiar.org; Cohen, Philippa; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; WorldFish; p.cohen@cgiar.org; Barman, Benoy; WorldFish; b.barman@cgiar.org; Mam, Kosal; WorldFish; k.mam@cgiar.org; Nagoli, Joseph; WorldFish; j.nagoli@cgiar.org; Allison, Edward H.; School of International Development, University of East Anglia; WorldFish; e.allison@cgiar.org.
Aquatic agricultural systems in developing countries face increasing competition from multiple stakeholders over rights to access and use natural resources, land, water, wetlands, and fisheries, essential to rural livelihoods.  A key implication is the need to strengthen governance to enable equitable decision making amidst competition that spans sectors and scales, building capacities for resilience, and for transformations in institutions that perpetuate poverty.  In this paper we provide a simple framework to analyze the governance context for aquatic agricultural system development focused on three dimensions: stakeholder representation, distribution of power, and mechanisms of accountability.  Case studies from Cambodia, Bangladesh, Malawi/Mozambique,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Accountability; Bangladesh; Cambodia; Civil society; Coastal zone management; Environmental governance; Livelihoods; Malawi; Mozambique; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Solomon Islands; Stakeholder representation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2013

Household rainwater tanks: mediating changing relations with water?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Farbotko, Carol; CSIRO; carol.farbotko@csiro.au; Walton, Andrea; CSIRO; Andrea.Walton@csiro.au; Mankad, Aditi; CSIRO; Aditi.Mankad@csiro.au; Gardner, John; CSIRO; John.Gardner@csiro.au.
Domestic rainwater tanks have become commonplace in Australia's urban landscape, and have become the physical embodiment of the changing relations between householders, water, and water authorities. The aim of our research was to understand these changing relations by examining how domestic rainwater tanks are inscribed with meanings and assumptions and thus mediate a relationship between households and government. In particular, we considered how domestic rainwater tanks are implicated in various understandings of entitlements to water collected or used in private domains. We examined how tanks can render visible the contestation over rights and obligations of state and citizen as to what is considered private and public water collection, management, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Decentralized water collection; Domestic rainwater tanks; Household water; Private water use; Rainwater privatization; Rainwater tanks; Urban rainwater collection; Urban rainwater storage; Water rights.
Ano: 2014

Observations on Drivers and Dynamics of Environmental Policy Change: Insights from 150 Years of Forest Management in British Columbia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagerman, Shannon M; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group; hshannon@interchange.ubc.ca; Dowlatabadi, Hadi; University of British Columbia; Resources for the Future; Carnegie Mellon University; hadi.d@ubc.ca; Satterfield, Terre; University of British Columbia; satterfd@interchange.ubc.ca.
Human and ecological elements of resource management systems co-adapt over time. In this paper, we examine the drivers of change in forest management policy in British Columbia since 1850. We asked: How has a set of system attributes changed over time, and what drivers contributed to change when it occurred? We simultaneously examined a set of three propositions relating to drivers and dynamics of policy change. We find that factors contributing to the level of impacts, like technology, changed substantially over time and had dramatic impacts. In partial contrast, the institutions used to exercise control (patterns of agency and governance) remained the same until relatively recently. Other system attributes remained unchanged (e.g., the concept of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: British Columbia; Change; Drivers; Forest management; Global change; Historical analysis; Science and policy; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010

Social-Ecological Predictors of Global Invasions and Extinctions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lotz, Aaron; University of California, Davis; alotz@ucdavis.edu; Allen, Craig R.; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit ; allencr@unl.edu.
Most assessments of resilience have been focused on local conditions. Studies focused on the relationship between humanity and environmental degradation are rare, and are rarely comprehensive. We investigated multiple social-ecological factors for 100 countries around the globe in relation to the percentage of invasions and extinctions within each country. These 100 countries contain approximately 87% of the world&amp;#8217;s population, produce 43% of the world&amp;#8217;s per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and take up 74% of the earth&amp;#8217;s total land area. We used an information theoretic approach to determine which models were most supported by our data, utilizing an a priori set of plausible models that included a combination of 15...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Endangered species conservation; Extinctions; Invasions; Invasive species management; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Drivers of Resource Management Practices - Fire in the Belly? Comments on "Cross-cultural Conflicts in Fire Management in Northern Australia: Not so Black and White" by Alan Andersen
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, David H. M.; WWF Southern Africa; dcumming@wwf.org.zw.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

The effect of reciprocal connections between demographic decision making and land use on decadal dynamics of population and land-use change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zvoleff, Alexander; San Diego State University, Department of Geography; azvoleff@conservation.org; An, Li; San Diego State University, Department of Geography; lan@mail.sdsu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coupled human-natural system; Environment; Feedback; Fertility; Land use; Marriage; Population.
Ano: 2014

Participation in protected areas: a social network case study in Catalonia, Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Local participation of stakeholders in governance of protected areas is considered to be important to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. Social network analysis (SNA) is a useful tool for analysis because it allows the understanding of stakeholders&amp;#8217; relationships, interactions, and influences through communication networks. We combine quantitative and qualitative data to undertake a SNA for the natural park of Sant Lloren&amp;#231; del Munt in Catalonia, Spain. This is aimed at (1) assessing the structure of the communication network; (2) comparing the informal communication network with the formal participatory bodies of the natural park; and (3) selecting participants for subsequent analyses of the adequate governance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication network; Natural resource governance; Resource management; Social network analysis; Stakeholder analysis.
Ano: 2015

Sustaining Biodiversity in the Oregon Coast Range: Potential effects of Forest Policies in a Multi-ownership Province
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McComb, Brenda C; Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Masschusetts-Amherst; bmccomb@forwild.umass.edu; Spies, Thomas A.; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR; tspies@fs.fed.us; Olsen, Keith A.; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; keith.olsen@oregonstate.edu.
To understand the potential effects of forest policies on sustaining biological diversity at broad scales, we used spatial simulation models to evaluate current and potential future habitat availability over 100 yr for three focal species: Pacific Fisher (Martes pennanti), Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), and Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus). The habitats of these species represent a broad range of spatial scales and forest types. Area of habitat for fishers and Pileated Woodpeckers is predicted to increase over time under current forest land management policies. Habitat for Warbling Vireos is predicted to decline. These patterns are consistent with past analyses that predicted declines in diverse early successional forests and hardwood forests and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest habitat; Forest planning; Habitat scaling; Landscape spatial scale; Wildlife habitat relationships.
Ano: 2007

Energy and Water Use Related to the Cultivation of Energy Crops: a Case Study in the Tuscany Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dalla Marta, Anna; DIPSA-University of Firenze; anna.dallamarta@unifi.it; Natali, Francesca; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Mancini, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Ferrise, Roberto; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Bindi, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Orlandini, Simone; DIPSA-University of Firenze;.
The contribution of agrobiomasses, as a source of energy, to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was confirmed by several studies. Biomass from agriculture represents one of the larger and more diverse sources to exploit and in particular  ethanol and diesel have the potential to be a sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, mainly for transport purposes. However, the cultivation of energy crops dedicated to the production of biofuels presents some potential problems, e.g., competitiveness with food crops, water needs, use of fertilizers, etc., and the economic, energy, and environmental convenience of such activity depends on accurate evaluations about the global efficiency of the production system. In this study, the processes related to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroenergy; Bioethanol; Energy balance; Pure vegetable oil; Water balance.
Ano: 2011

Pacific Canada&amp;#8217;s Rockfish Conservation Areas: using Ostrom&amp;#8217;s design principles to assess management effectiveness
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lancaster, Darienne; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; dlancaster@live.ca; Haggarty, Dana R; Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia; danahaggarty@gmail.com; Ban, Natalie C; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; nban@uvic.ca.
International declines in marine biodiversity have lead to the creation of marine protected areas and fishery reserve systems.  In Canada, 164 Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) were implemented between 2003 and 2007 and now cover 4847.2 km&amp;#178; of ocean.  These reserves were created in response to widespread concern from fishers and nongovernmental organizations about inshore rockfish (genus Sebastes) population declines. We used the design principles for effective common-pool resource management systems, originally developed by Elinor Ostrom, to assess the social and ecological effectiveness of these conservation areas more than 10 years after their initial implementation. We assessed the relative presence or absence of each design principle within...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Design principles; Management effectiveness; Marine protected areas (MPAs); Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs).
Ano: 2015

The Conditions for Functional Mechanisms of Compensation and Reward for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Swallow, Brent M.; University of Alberta; brent.swallow@ualberta.ca; Leimona, Beria; World Agroforestry Centre; L.Beria@cgiar.org; Yatich, Thomas; World Agroforestry Centre; T.Yatich@cgiar.org; Velarde, Sandra J.; World Agroforestry Centre; sjvelarde@gmail.com.
Mechanisms of compensation and reward for environmental services (CRES) are becoming increasingly contemplated as means for managing human&amp;#8211;environment interactions. Most of the functional mechanisms in the tropics have been developed within the last 15 years; many developing countries still have had little experience with functional mechanisms. We consider the conditions that foster the origin and implementation of functional mechanisms. Deductive and inductive approaches are combined. Eight hypotheses are derived from theories of institution and policy change. Five case studies, from Latin America, Africa, and Asia, are then reviewed according to a common framework. The results suggest the following to be important conditions for functional CRES...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem services; Ecotourism; Environmental services; Institutional change; Payments for environmental services; Watershed services.
Ano: 2010

Increased Market Integration, Value, and Ecological Knowledge of Tea Agroforests in the Akha Highlands of Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ahmed, Selena; New York Botanical Garden; selenaahmed@aol.com; Stepp, John R; University of Florida; stepp@ufl.edu; Toleno, Robban A. J.; University of British Columbia; robban@interchange.ubc.ca; Peters, Charles M; New York Botanical Garden; cpeters@nybg.org.
This study assesses the persistence and change of traditional land use patterns and ecological knowledge in response to expanded commercialization of tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica (L.) Kuntze Theaceae in an indigenous Akha (Hani) community in the midlevel montane forests of southwest Yunnan, China. Surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2008, over a period corresponding to a regional tea market boom and bust cycle, to compare the valuation smallholders attribute to land use types and to determine the role that value systems play in shaping environmental behavior and knowledge. At the community level, increased market integration of tea agroforests is associated with reconfiguration of land use, intensified management, reorganization of labor structures,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological knowledge; Land use; Natural resource commercialization; Social networks; Tea (Camellia sinensis).
Ano: 2010

The "View Thing" Outside Academia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman, Philip; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District; philip.l.hoffman@usace.army.mil.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Accurate Mental Maps as an Aspect of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK): a Case Study from Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McKenna, John; Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster; j.mckenna@ulster.ac.uk; Quinn, Rory J.; Lecturer in Marine Archaeological Geophysics, Centre for Maritime Archaeology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster; rj.quinn@ulster.ac.uk; Donnelly, Daniel J.; ;; Cooper, J. Andrew G.; Professor of Coastal Science, Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster; jag.cooper@ulster.ac.uk.
A mental map of the substrate of Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland, compiled from interviews with local fishermen, is compared with maps produced by science-based techniques. The comparison reveals that the mental map is highly accurate. This finding contrasts with the spatial distortion characteristic of the classic mental map. The accuracy of the Lough Neagh map is attributed to the fact that it is a compendium of the knowledge of several generations, rather than an individual perception. Individual distortions are filtered out, and accuracy is promoted by economic self-interest. High accuracy may be characteristic of the mental maps held by artisanal exploiters of natural resources.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Geophysical survey; LEK; Local environmental knowledge; Lough Neagh; Mental maps; Northern Ireland; Traditional fishery.
Ano: 2008

Our Paper on "Biomass Partitioning Following Defoliation of Annual and Perennial Mediterranean Grasses"
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gutman, Mario; Agricultural Research Organization; mgutman@shani.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Multiple Quests for the Best Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Tropical Forest Management: Worthwhile Endeavors or a Smokescreen?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Putz, Francis E; University of Florida; fep@botany.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Geo-engineering, Governance, and Social-Ecological Systems: Critical Issues and Joint Research Needs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Galaz, Victor; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; victor.galaz@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Earth stewardship; Geo-engineering; Global environmental governance; Innovation; Planetary boundaries; Resilience thinking.
Ano: 2012

Resilience of small-scale societies&amp;#8217; livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition from food gathering to food production
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lancelotti, Carla; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Research Group; Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; carla.lancelotti@upf.edu; Zurro, Debora; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Research Group; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, IMF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; debora@imf.csic.es; Whitehouse, Nicki J.; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK; nicola.whitehouse@plymouth.ac.uk; Kramer, Karen L.; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; karen.kramer@anthro.utah.edu; Madella, Marco; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Research Group; Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, IMF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; marco.madella@icrea.cat; Greaves, Russell D.; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; russell.greaves@anthro.utah.edu.
The origins of agriculture and the shift from hunting and gathering to committed agriculture is regarded as one of the major transitions in human history. Archeologists and anthropologists have invested significant efforts in explaining the origins of agriculture. A period of gathering intensification and experimentation and pursuing a mixed economic strategy seems the most plausible explanation for the transition to agriculture and provides an approach to study a process in which several nonlinear processes may have played a role. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition to full agriculture are not completely clear. This is partly due to the nature of the archeological record, which registers a practice only once it has become clearly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ABM; Resources; Social-ecological dynamics; Subsistence strategies; Transition to agriculture.
Ano: 2016

Exploring Panarchy in Alpine Grasslands: an Application of Adaptive Cycle Concepts to the Conservation of a Cultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Soane, Ian D.; Action with Communities in Cumbria; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; idsoane@gmail.com; Scolozzi, Rocco; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; scolozzi.rocco@gmail.com; Gretter, Alessandro; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; alessandro.gretter@iasma.it; Hubacek , Klaus; Department of Geography, University of Maryland; Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge; hubacek@umd.edu.
This paper explores approaches of applying the panarchy perspective to a case study of natural resource management in the cultural landscape of upland alpine pastures in northern Italy. The close interaction within the cultural landscape between alpine pasture ecology and the management regimes offers a strong fit with the concept of social-ecological systems and provides insights to appropriate and adaptive management of sites of conservation interest. We examine the limited literature available that offers a resilience understanding of such landscapes and address apparent gaps in the application through our interpretation and use of adaptive cycles and panarchy. We draft conceptual models of adaptive cycles considering ecological and socioeconomic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycles; Alpine pastures; Cultural landscapes; Natura 2000; Natural resource management; Panarchy.
Ano: 2012

Globalization and Land-Use Transitions in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grau, H. Ricardo; Universidad Nacional de Tucuman; CONICET; chilograu@gmail.com; Aide, Mitchell; University of Puerto Rico; tmaide@yahoo.com.
Current socioeconomic drivers of land-use change associated with globalization are producing two contrasting land-use trends in Latin America. Increasing global food demand (particularly in Southeast Asia) accelerates deforestation in areas suitable for modern agriculture (e.g., soybean), severely threatening ecosystems, such as Amazonian rain forests, dry forests, and subtropical grasslands. Additionally, in the coming decades, demand for biofuels may become an emerging threat. In contrast, high yields in modern agricultural systems and rural&amp;#8211;urban migration coupled with remittances promote the abandonment of marginal agricultural lands, thus favoring ecosystem recovery on mountains, deserts, and areas of poor soils, while improving human...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Deforestation; Ecological transition; Forest transition; Globalization; Land-use change; Latin America.
Ano: 2008

Theories of the deep: combining salience and network analyses to produce mental model visualizations of a coastal British Columbia food web
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levine, Jordan; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; jlevine@interchange.ubc.ca; Muthukrishna, Michael; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University; Department of Social Psychology, London School of Economics; muthukrishna@fas.harvard.edu; Chan, Kai M. A.; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; kaichan@ires.ubc.ca; Satterfield, Terre; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; terre.satterfield@ires.ubc.ca.
Arriving at shared mental models among multiple stakeholder groups can be crucial for successful management of contested social-ecological systems (SES). Academia can help by first eliciting stakeholders&amp;#8217; initial, often tacit, beliefs about a SES, and representing them in useful ways. We demonstrate a new recombination of techniques for this purpose, focusing specifically on tacit beliefs about food webs. Our approach combines freelisting and sorting techniques, salience analysis, and ultimately network analysis, to produce accessible visualizations of aggregate mental models that can then be used to facilitate discussion or generate further hypotheses about cognitive drivers of conflict. The case study we draw upon to demonstrate this technique...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: British Columbia; Food webs; Mental models; Network analysis; Salience analysis.
Ano: 2015

Variance as a Leading Indicator of Regime Shift in Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brock, William A; University of Wisconsin-Madison; WBrock@ssc.wisc.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Many environmental conflicts involve pollutants such as greenhouse gas emissions that are dispersed through space and cause losses of ecosystem services.  As pollutant emissions rise in one place, a spatial cascade of declining ecosystem services can spread across a larger landscape because of the dispersion of the pollutant.  This paper considers the problem of anticipating such spatial regime shifts by monitoring time series of the pollutant or associated ecosystem services.  Using such data, it is possible to construct indicators that rise sharply in advance of regime shifts. Specifically, the maximum eigenvalue of the variance-covariance matrix of the multivariate time series of pollutants and ecosystem services rises prior to the regime shift. No...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological economics; Ecosystem service; Indicators; Markets; Pollution; Regime shifts; Thresholds; Variance.
Ano: 2006

Green Light for Nocturnally Migrating Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Poot, Hanneke; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; hanneke_poot@hotmail.com; Ens, Bruno J.; SOVON Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology; bruno.ens@sovon.nl; de Vries, Han; Utrecht University; j.devries@bio.uu.nl; Donners, Maurice A. H.; Philips Lighting; maurice.donners@philips.com; Wernand, Marcel R.; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; wernand@nioz.nl; Marquenie, Joop M.; Shell EP Europe (NAM B.V.); joop.marquenie@shell.com.
The nighttime sky is increasingly illuminated by artificial light sources. Although this ecological light pollution is damaging ecosystems throughout the world, the topic has received relatively little attention. Many nocturnally migrating birds die or lose a large amount of their energy reserves during migration as a result of encountering artificial light sources. This happens, for instance, in the North Sea, where large numbers of nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to the many offshore platforms. Our aim is to develop bird-friendly artificial lighting that meets human demands for safety but does not attract and disorient birds. Our current working hypothesis is that artificial light interferes with the magnetic compass of the birds, one of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artificial light; Bird-friendly lighting; Ecological light pollution; Light color; Magnetic compass; Nocturnally migrating birds; Orientation.
Ano: 2008

Reflection on the development process of a sustainability assessment tool: learning from a Flemish case
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Triste, Laure; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Laure.triste@ugent.be; Marchand, Fleur; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); fleur.marchand@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Debruyne, Lies; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); lies.debruyne@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Meul, Marijke; University College Ghent; Marijke.meul@hogent.be; Lauwers, Ludwig; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University; Ludwig.lauwers@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
Adoption of sustainability assessment tools in agricultural practice is often disappointing. One of the critical success factors for adoption is the tool development process. Because scientific attention to these development processes and insights about them are rather limited, we aimed to foster the scientific debate on this topic. This was done by reflecting on the development process of a Flemish sustainability assessment tool, MOTIFS. MOTIFS was developed with the aim of becoming widely adopted by farmers and farm advisors, but this result was not achieved. Our reflection process showed success factors favoring and barriers hindering tool adoption. These were grouped into three clusters of lessons learned for sound tool development: (1) institutional...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Reflection; Stakeholder participation; Sustainability assessment tool; Tool development process.
Ano: 2014

How social learning influences further collaboration: experiences from an international collaborative water project
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bressers, Hans; Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development (CSTM), University of Twente; j.t.a.bressers@utwente.nl; Augustijn, Denie C. M.; Department of Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente; d.c.m.augustijn@utwente.nl.
Social learning in collaborative settings can play an important role in reducing water management problems. In this paper we analyze the nature and effects of these learning processes in an international collaborative setting. We assert that social interactions contribute to substantive and relational learning, which involves changes in the motivations, cognitions and resources of individual actors. In addition, interactions may contribute to social learning, which is the case when actors develop collective outcomes on which further collaboration can be based. We use these theoretical insights to examine a water project in which Dutch and Romanian actors collaborate. Their interactions changed their individual motivations, cognitions, and resources and led...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: International collaboration; Romania; Social learning; Water resource management.
Ano: 2014

An interview methodology for exploring the values that community leaders assign to multiple-use landscapes.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hatton MacDonald, Darla; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; darla.hattonmacdonald@csiro.au; Bark, Rosalind; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Rosalind.bark@csiro.au; MacRae, Andrea; University of Adelaide; andrea.snowden@gmail.com; Kalivas, Tina; Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University ; tina.kalivas@monash.edu; Strathearn, Sarah; University of Adelaide; sarah.strathearn@deewr.gov.au.
We report on a grounded theory research methodology to elicit the values that underpin community leaders&amp;#8217; advice on regional natural resource management. In-depth, semi-structured in-person interviews of 56 community leaders permitted respondents to explore their values and to elucidate some trade-offs. Furthermore, analysis of the coded transcripts provides evidence of  the anthropocentric nature of values, and the importance of people, communities, and physical infrastructure.  As well, the relative silence by community NRM leaders on supporting and regulating ecosystem services may reveal a lack of understanding of these functions rather than a discord in values.  The tested methodology provides one approach to understanding the values of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Community leaders; Ecosystem services; Grounded theory; Natural resource management; Values.
Ano: 2013

Forestry and Road Development: Direct and Indirect Impacts from an Aboriginal Perspective.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adam, Marie-Christine; UQAM-CEF; adammariechristine@yahoo.ca; Kneeshaw, Daniel; UQAM-CEF; Kneeshaw.daniel@uqam.ca; Beckley, Tom M; UNB faculty of forestry and environmental management; beckley@unb.ca.
The forest industry is a significant contributor to the development of roads and most are constructed on Aboriginal territories. Many Aboriginal communities are isolated both socially and economically and Aboriginal cultures are often described as having inherent socio-environmental relationships. Aboriginal communities, therefore, may be the most likely to benefit and be most vulnerable to the impacts of road development. We use a case study approach to explore how an Aboriginal community interprets and responds to the increasing development of roads in its territory. The results are interpreted using the theory of access in order to frame the interactions between people and nature within a cohesive system which includes elements which are spatially...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest roads; Aboriginal access theory; Traditional occupation; Socio-environmental; Integration.
Ano: 2012

Plant species richness and abundance in residential yards across a tropical watershed: implications for urban sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Backyards; Ecosystem services; Front yards; Plant diversity; Residential landscapes; Residential green spaces; Tropical watersheds; Urban systems; Urban sustainability.
Ano: 2014

The Relations Among Threatened Species, Their Protection, and Taboos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colding, Johan; Stockholm University and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; johanc@beijer.kva.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se.
We analyzed the role of taboos for the protection of species listed as "threatened" by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and also for species known to be endemic and keystone. The study was limited to taboos that totally avoid or prohibit any use of particular species and their populations. We call them specific-species taboos . Through a literature review, 70 currently existing examples of specific-species taboos were identified and analyzed. The species avoided were grouped into biological classes. Threat categories were determined for each species, based on the IUCN Red Data Book. We found that ~ 30% of the identified taboos prohibit any use of species listed as threatened by IUCN. Of the specific-species taboos, 60% are set on reptiles and mammals....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Endemic species; Keystone species; Nature conservation; Taboos; Threatened species; Traditional societies.
Ano: 1997

Estimating Dynamic Risk Factors for Pathogen Transmission Using Community-Level Bird Census Data at the Wildlife/Domestic Interface
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Caron, Alexandre; UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Harare Zimbabwe; UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Montpellier France; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Entomology and Zoology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; alexandre.caron@cirad.fr; de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel; UPR AGIRs, Deparmtent ES, Cirad, Harare, Zimbabwe; UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Montpellier, France; degarine@cirad.fr; Gaidet, Nicolas; UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Montpellier, France; nicolas.gaidet-drapier@cirad.fr; Chiweshe, Ngoni; UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Harare, Zimbabwe; chiweshen@yahoo.co.uk; Cumming, Graeme S; Percy Fitz-Patrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town; Graeme.Cumming@uct.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Bridge species; Community ecology; Risk factor; Wild/domestic interface.
Ano: 2010

The Chilika Lagoon Social-Ecological System: An Historical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nayak, Prateep K.; Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo ; pnayak@uwaterloo.ca.
Innovations in social-ecological research require novel approaches to conceive change in human-environment systems. The study of history constitutes an important element of this process. First, using the Chilika Lagoon small-scale fisheries in India, as a case, in this paper I reflect on the appropriateness of a social-ecological perspective for understanding economic history. Second, I examine here how changes in various components of the lagoon&amp;#8217;s social-ecological system influenced and shaped economic history and the political processes surrounding it. I then discuss the two-way linkages between economic history and social-ecological processes to highlight that the components of a social-ecological system, including the economic aspects, follow...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Chilika Lagoon; Drivers; Economic history; Human-environment disconnection; India; Livelihoods; Marginalization; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological change; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

Sustainable Product Indexing: Navigating the Challenge of Ecolabeling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Golden, Jay S.; Nicholas School of the Environment and Nicholas Institute, Duke University Durham, North Carolina. ; Jay.Golden@Duke.edu; Dooley, K. J.; Supply Chain Management, W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University;; Anderies, J. M.; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Thompson, B. H.; Woods Institute for the Environment; Stanford Law School, Stanford University;; Gereffi, G.; Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness,  Duke University;; Pratson, L; Energy and Environment Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University;.
There is growing scientific evidence that improving the sustainability of consumer products can lead to significant gains in global sustainability.  Historically, environmental policy has been managed by bureaucracies and institutions in a mechanistic manner; this had led to many early successes. However, we believe that if policy concerning product sustainability is also managed in this way, negative unintended consequences are likely to occur. Thus, we propose a social&amp;#8211;ecological systems approach to policy making concerning product sustainability that will lead to more rapid and meaningful progress toward improving the environmental and social impacts of consumer products.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Consumer products; Ecolabeling; Sustainable indexing; Sustainability.
Ano: 2010

Design considerations for community-based stream monitoring to detect changes in Pacific salmon habitats
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lagasse, Cory R.; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; clagasse@sfu.ca; Ou, Wanli; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; wanli_ou@sfu.ca; Honka, Leah D.; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; lhonka@sfu.ca; Atlas, William I.; Qqs Projects Society; salmon@qqsprojects.org; Hutton, Claire N.; Independent Resource Management Consultant; TNC Canada; chutton@tnc.org; Kotaska, Jana; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; jkotaska@icloud.com; Hocking, Morgan D.; Hakai Network for Coastal People, Ecosystems and Management, Simon Fraser University; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; morganhocking@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecosystem-based management; First Nations management; Great Bear Rainforest; Pacific salmon; Power analysis; Stream monitoring.
Ano: 2014

Tools for Resilience Management:  Multidisciplinary Development of State-and-Transition Models for Northwest Colorado
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kachergis, Emily J.; Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado; emily.kachergis@gmail.com; Knapp, Corrine N.; Alaska Center for Climate and Policy; corrieknapp@yahoo.com; Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; Maria.Fernandez-Gimenez@colostate.edu; Ritten, John P.; Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wyoming; John.Ritten@uwyo.edu; Pritchett, James G.; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University; James.Pritchett@colostate.edu; Parsons, Jay; Western Center for Integrated Resource Management, Colorado State University; Jay.Parsons@colostate.edu; Hibbs, Willow; Wyoming Game and Fish Department and USDA-NRCS; Willow.Hibbs@wy.usda.gov; Roath, Roy; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; Roy.Roath@colostate.edu.
Building models is an important way of integrating knowledge.  Testing and updating models of social-ecological systems can inform management decisions and, ultimately, improve resilience.  We report on the outcomes of a six-year, multidisciplinary model development process in the sagebrush steppe, USA. We focused on creating state-and-transition models (STMs), conceptual models of ecosystem change that represent nonlinear dynamics and are being adopted worldwide as tools for managing ecosystems.  STM development occurred in four steps with four distinct sets of models:  (1) local knowledge elicitation using semistructured interviews; (2) ecological data collection using an observational study; (3) model integration using participatory workshops; and (4)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecology; Ecosystem dynamics; Knowledge integration; Participatory research; Rangeland; Sagebrush steppe.
Ano: 2013

Sustainability of Human Ecological Niche Construction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Isbell, Forest; Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota; forest.isbell@gmail.com; Loreau, Michel; Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis, France; michel.loreau@ecoex-moulis.cnrs.fr.
Humans influence and depend on natural systems worldwide, creating complex societal-ecological feedbacks that make it difficult to assess the long-term sustainability of contemporary human activities. We use ecological niche theory to consider the short-term (transient) and long-term (equilibrium) effects of improvements in health, agriculture, or efficiency on the abundances of humans, our plant and animal resources, and our natural enemies. We also consider special cases of our model where humans shift to a completely vegetarian diet, or completely eradicate natural enemies. We find that although combinations of health, agriculture, and efficiency improvements tend to support more people and plant resources, they also result in more natural enemies and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Human health; Niche theory.
Ano: 2014

Outcomes of State- vs. Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sudtongkong, Chanyut; Asian Institute of Technology; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya; chanuyts@gmail.com; Webb, Edward L.; Asian Institute of Technology; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore; ted.webb@nus.edu.sg.
In Thailand, mangrove forests are claimed for state management, although it is widely recognized that coastal communities access and manage those forests. Skepticism persists within Thai government circles about whether coastal villages can sustainably manage and protect mangroves. This research presents evidence of successful mangrove conservation and management by two coastal villages in Trang province, southern Thailand. Using interdisciplinary methods including interviews, discussions, quantitative forest surveys, and institutional analysis, we describe the history of how these two communities gained rights to manage the mangrove forests, and the subsequent positive biological outcomes associated with their management. Local villages have crafted and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Collective action; Ecology; Forest management; Institutions; Management; Sustainability.
Ano: 2008

Can Local Ecological Knowledge Contribute to Wildlife Management? Case Studies of Migratory Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilchrist, Grant; ; grant.gilchrist@ec.gc.ca; Mallory, Mark; ; mark.mallory@ec.gc.ca; Merkel, Flemming; ;.
Sound management of wildlife species, particularly those that are harvested, requires extensive information on their natural history and demography. For many global wildlife populations, however, insufficient scientific information exists, and alternative data sources may need to be considered in management decisions. In some circumstances, local ecological knowledge (LEK) can serve as a useful, complementary data source, and may be particularly valuable when managing wildlife populations that occur in remote locations inhabited by indigenous peoples. Although several published papers discuss the general benefits of LEK, few attempt to examine the reliability of information generated through this approach. We review four case studies of marine birds in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Inuit; LEK; Local ecological knowledge; Marine birds; Population declines; TEK; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2005

A Systems Approach for Sustainable Development in Coastal Zones
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Alice; CIMA, UAlg, Portugal; NILU, Norway; anewton@ualg.pt.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Coastal zone development.
Ano: 2012

Exploiting Soil-Management Strategies for Climate Mitigation in the European Union: Maximizing &amp;#8220;Win&amp;#8211;Win&amp;#8221; Solutions across Policy Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Henriksen, Christian Bugge; Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; cbh@life.ku.dk; Hussey, Karen; The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; karen.hussey@anu.edu.au; Holm, Peter E.; Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; peho@life.ku.dk.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified a number of soil-management strategies that can be implemented to reduce GHG emissions. However, before deciding which of these strategies are most appropriate in any given situation, it is important to investigate how these strategies affect other aspects of sustainable development. For instance, some attempts to sequester carbon in the landscape could alter the soil&amp;#8217;s capacity to filter water. Alternatively, other strategies could unintentionally increase net energy consumption through greater fertilizer use. Focusing specifically on opportunities to implement soil-management strategies in the European Union (EU), we discuss the synergies and trade-offs of those strategies with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate Action and Energy Package; Climate change mitigation; Common Agricultural Policy; Energy security; European Union; Greenhouse gas emissions; Soil management; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2011

Dietary Changes over Time in a Cai&amp;#231;ara Community from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: MacCord, Priscila L.; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; pmaccord@gmail.com; Begossi, Alpina; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; alpinab@uol.com.br.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Brazil; Cai&amp;#231; Ara; Social-ecological resilience; Dietary change; Fish consumption; Animal protein; Food delocalization; Niche breadth.
Ano: 2006

Fire, Livelihoods, and Environmental Change in the Middle Mahakam Peatlands, East Kalimantan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chokkalingam, Unna; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); u.chokkalingam@cgiar.org; Kurniawan, Iwan; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); i.kurniawan@cgiar.org; Ruchiat, Yayat; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); y.ruchiat@cgiar.org.
Large-scale, recurrent fires in Indonesia in recent decades have caused widespread deforestation and transformation of peatlands, and have contributed to substantial smoke haze and greenhouse-gas pollution. In some areas, local community use of fire for livelihood needs could be a major factor behind the widespread fires. We assessed fire patterns and their causes from the 1980s to the present in the Middle Mahakam peatlands of East Kalimantan. This was achieved through satellite image and GIS analysis, biological and social field surveys, and rapid rural appraisals in the villages. People living in or using the swamps employ fire annually along the waterways and adjacent open floodplains and forests, in conjunction with fishing, agriculture, and other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2005

Ecosystem Services, Land-Cover Change, and Stakeholders: Finding a Sustainable Foothold for a Semiarid Biodiversity Hotspot
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reyers, Belinda; Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; breyers@csir.co.za; Cowling, Richard M.; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University;; Egoh, Benis N.; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University;; Le Maitre, David C.; Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research;; Vlok, Jan H. J.; Regalis Environmental Services;.
Land-cover change has been identified as one of the most important drivers of change in ecosystems and their services. However, information on the consequences of land cover change for ecosystem services and human well-being at local scales is largely absent. Where information does exist, the traditional methods used to collate and communicate this information represent a significant obstacle to sustainable ecosystem management. Embedding science in a social process and solving problems together with stakeholders are necessary elements in ensuring that new knowledge results in desired actions, behavior changes, and decisions. We have attempted to address this identified information gap, as well as the way information is gathered, by quantifying the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Grazing; Human well-being; Land degradation; Ostriches; Tourism; Trade-offs; Water.
Ano: 2009

Education and Resilience: Social and Situated Learning among University and Secondary Students
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krasny, Marianne  E; Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu; Tidball, Keith G.; Department of Natural Resources; Cornell University; kgt2@cornell.edu; Sriskandarajah, Nadarajah ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Nadarajah.Sriskandarajah@sol.slu.se.
Similar to research on social learning among adult participants in natural resources management, current research in the field of education claims that learning is situated in real-world practice, and occurs through recursive interactions between individual learners and their social and biophysical environment. In this article, we present an overview of the social and situated learning literatures from the fields of natural resources and education, and suggest ways in which educational programs for secondary and university students might be embedded in and contribute to efforts to enhance resilience of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems at the local scale. We also describe three initiatives in which learning is situated in adaptive co-management and civic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Education; Learning; Natural resources management; Resilience; Situated learning; Social learning.
Ano: 2009

Individual transferable quotas and conservation: a critical assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Acheson, James; University of Maine; acheson@maine.edu; Apollonio, Spencer; ; spencerapollonio@yahoo.com; Wilson, James; University of Maine; jwilson@maine.edu.
Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) have become a popular management tool for fisheries. They have been promoted in some quarters and seriously criticized in others because of their social and economic impacts. A more serious problem is that ITQs provide exclusive access to public resources presumably in return for some public benefit, namely conservation; however, in a high percentage of cases they do not conserve fish stocks. In this article, we focus on the reasons that ITQs do not conserve stocks. We point to a number of phenomena identified in the literature as affecting stocks of fish, including problems with total allowable catch (TAC), ecological hierarchy theory, r and K species, the Allee effect, scale and metapopulation structure, the need to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Individual transferable quota; ITQs; Quota management.
Ano: 2015

Social learning by whom? Assessing gendered opportunities for participation and social learning in collaborative forest governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Egunyu, Felicitas; University of Saskatchewan; felicitas.egunyu@usask.ca; Reed, Maureen G; University of Saskatchewan; maureen.reed@usask.ca.
Collaborative forest governance enables forest-based communities access to and management responsibilities for forestry resources. Researchers argue that processes that enable social learning have the potential to contribute to the sustainable management of forests by engaging local people, helping them identify their collective needs and gain access to resource entitlements, and encouraging them to learn about and implement different management options. Although there is considerable attention to gender in the literature on collaborative forestry, particularly in developing countries, there is relatively little attention to gender in the social learning literature. Furthermore, there is almost no attention to these issues in postindustrial countries. Our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative forest management agreement; Community forest; Forest-based communities; Gender; Participation; Social learning.
Ano: 2015

Cultural valuation and biodiversity conservation in the Upper Guinea forest, West Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fraser, James A.; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; james.angus.fraser@gmail.com; Narmah, Woulay; College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Liberia, Capitol Hill, Monrovia, Liberia; narmahwoulay@yahoo.com; Guilavogui, Kaman; IRAG, CRA, Seredou, Guinea; guilavoguikm@yahoo.fr; de Foresta, Hubert; IRD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; hubert.de.foresta@ird.fr.
The cultural valuation of biodiversity has taken on renewed importance over the last two decades as the ecosystem services framework has become widely adopted. Conservation initiatives increasingly use ecosystem service frameworks to render tropical forest landscapes and their peoples legible to market-oriented initiatives such as REDD+ and biodiversity offsetting schemes. Ecosystem service approaches have been widely criticized by scholars in the social sciences and humanities for their narrow focus on a small number of easily quantifiable and marketable services and a reductionist and sometimes simplistic approach to culture. We address the need to combine methods from each of the &amp;#8220;three cultures&amp;#8221; of natural science, quantitative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic landscapes; Conservation science; Cultural heritage; Ecosystem services; Sacred forests; Secondary forests.
Ano: 2016

The roles of networks, learning, and general resilience in oil spills
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheong, So-Min; Associate Professor, Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts &amp; Sciences, University of Kansas; somin@ku.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Oil spills; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Dynamics of Forage Production in Pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under Projected Climate Change Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 7
Silvopastoral systems of the Swiss Jura Mountains serve as a traditional source of forage and timber in the subalpine vegetation belt, but their vulnerability to land use and climate change puts their future sustainability at stake. We coupled experimental and modeling approaches to assess the impact of climate change on the pasture-woodland landscape. We drew conclusions on the resistance potential of wooded pastures with different management intensities by sampling along a canopy cover gradient. This gradient spanned from unwooded pastures associated with intensive farming to densely wooded pastures associated with extensive farming. Transplanted mesocosms of these ecosystems placed at warmer and drier conditions provided experimental evidence that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboveground biomass; Drought; Ecotone; Grassland; Pasture; Silvopastoral system; Subalpine; Transplantation; Woodland.
Ano: 2013

Uncertainty, Climate Change, and Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it; Hellmann, Jessica J; Stanford University; jessicah@leland.stanford.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Kinzig, Ann; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Malcolm, Jay R; University of Toronto; jay.malcolm@utoronto.ca; O'Brien, Karen L; -; kobrien@online.no; Pope, Shealagh E; Environment Canada; shealagh.pope@ec.gc.ca; Rothman, Dale S; Columbia University; drothman@bio2.edu; Shevliakova, Elena; Carnegie Mellon University; lenish@cmu.edu; Tinch, Robert R.T.; York University, UK; rrtt100@york.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate change; Global change; Uncertainty; Models.
Ano: 1997

A Case for Developing Place-Based Fire Management Strategies from Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ray, Lily A; Department of Geography, Clark University; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska, Fairbanks ; lray@kawerak.org; Kolden, Crystal A; Department of Geography, University of Idaho; ckolden@uidaho.edu; Chapin III, F. Stuart; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks ; terry.chapin@alaska.edu.
Sustainability science promotes place-based resource management because natural processes vary among ecosystems. When local science is limited, land managers may be forced to generalize from other ecosystems that function differently. One proposed solution is to draw upon the traditional ecological knowledge that indigenous groups have accumulated through resource use. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge with conventional resource management is difficult, especially when the two offer competing explanations of local environments. Although resource managers may discount traditional ecological knowledge that contradicts conventional resource management, we investigate the possibility that these disagreements can arise when nonlocal resource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Climate change; Indigenous knowledge; Traditional ecological knowledge; Wildfire.
Ano: 2012

Culturally significant fisheries: keystones for management of freshwater social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noble, Mae; Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; mae.noble@anu.edu.au; Duncan, Phil; Gamilaroi Traditional Owner, NSW Aboriginal Land Council; phil.duncan@alc.org.au; Perry, Darren; Murray Lower Darling Rivers Indigenous Nations; ngintait@gmail.com; Prosper, Kerry; Paq'tnekek Mi'kmaq First Nations; kerryp@paqtnkek.ca; Rose, Denis; Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation; Denis@gunditjmirring.com; Schnierer, Stephan; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University; stephan.schnierer@scu.edu.au; Tipa, Gail; Tipa and Associates Ltd.; gttipa@vodafone.co.nz; Williams, Erica; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Erica.Williams@niwa.co.nz; Woods, Rene; National Cultural Flows Program; Murray Lower Darling River Indigenous Nations; woodsre83@gmail.com; Pittock, Jamie; Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; jamie.pittock@anu.edu.au.
Indigenous peoples of North America, Australia, and New Zealand have a long tradition of harvesting freshwater animals. Over generations of reliance and subsistence harvesting, Indigenous peoples have acquired a profound understanding of these freshwater animals and ecosystems that have become embedded within their cultural identity. We have identified trans-Pacific parallels in the cultural significance of several freshwater animal groups, such as eels, other finfish, bivalves, and crayfish, to Indigenous peoples and their understanding and respect for the freshwater ecosystems on which their community survival depends. In recognizing such cultural connections, we found that non-Indigenous peoples can appreciate the deep significance of freshwater animals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive freshwater management; Aquatic resources; Bivalve; Comanagement; Crayfish; Cultural keystone species; Eel; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Indigenous water rights; Lamprey; Salmon; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2016

From Scorecard to Social Learning: A Reflective Coassessment Approach for Promoting Multiagency Cooperation in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roux, Dirk J; Monash South Africa; International Water Centre; dirk.roux@adm.monash.edu; Murray, Kevin; Insight Modelling Services;; Nel, Jeanne L; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research;; Hill, Liesl; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research;; Roux, Hermien; North West Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Rural Development;; Driver, Amanda; South African National Biodiversity Institute;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Bridging agents; Cross-sector cooperation; Freshwater conservation; Integrated water resources management; Management effectiveness evaluation; Reflective coassessment; Social learning.
Ano: 2011

Panthers and Forests in South Florida: an Ecological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Comiskey, E. Jane; University of Tennessee; ecomiske@tiem.utk.edu; Bass, Jr., Oron L; Everglades National Park; Sonny_Bass@nps.gov; Gross, Louis J; University of Tennessee; gross@tiem.utk.edu; McBride, Roy T; Livestock Protection Company;; Salinas, Rene; University of Tennessee; salinas@tiem.utk.edu.
The endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) survives in an area of pronounced habitat diversity in southern Florida, occupying extensive home ranges that encompass a mosaic of habitats. Twenty-one years of daytime monitoring via radiotelemetry  have provided substantial but incomplete information about panther ecology, mainly because this method fails to capture movement and habitat use between dusk and dawn, when panthers are most active. Broad characterizations of panther habitat suitability have nonetheless been derived from telemetry-based habitat selection studies, focusing narrowly on forests where daytime resting sites are often located. The resulting forest-centered view of panthers attributed their restricted distribution and absence of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Felis concolor coryi; Florida panther; Puma concolor coryi; Forested habitat; Endangered species; Fractal analysis; Habitat selection; Home range; Landscape conservation; Telemetry.
Ano: 2002

Environmental and Management Constraints on Tourism in Varna Bay, Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moncheva, Snejana; IO-BAS; snejanam@abv.bg; Racheva, Eleonora; IO-BAS; ainsteim@abv.bg; Kamburska, Lyudmila; EC DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability; lyudmila.kamburska@jrc.it.
We used the systems approach framework (SAF) to study the conflict between the development of tourism and marine environmental quality in Varna Bay, a critical regional policy issue selected for study after stakeholder consultation. Water quality is of central importance to the tourism industry, as a minimum level of water clarity is required to make the water attractive for swimming and bathing. Rampant development of coastal resorts in Varna Bay has led to water-quality deterioration because the tourism capacity has expanded without concurrent increases in the capacity to collect and treat sewage. We used a numerical model to simulate the Secchi depth (as a proxy for transparency) as a function of the nitrogen loading and total suspended solids. The SAF...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Black Sea; Coastal tourism; Eutrophication; Simulation models; Systems approach.
Ano: 2012

Integrating Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and Science in Natural Resource Management: Perspectives from Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bohensky, Erin L.; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; erin.bohensky@csiro.au; Butler, James R. A.; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; james.butler@csiro.au; Davies, Jocelyn; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Jocelyn.Davies@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Australia; Indigenous knowledge; Knowledge integration; Natural resource management; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Mammalian Herbivores in the Boreal Forests: Their Numerical Fluctuations and Use by Man
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Danell, Kjell; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; kjell.danell@szooek.slu.se; Willebrand, Tomas; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; tomas.willebrand@szooek.slu.se; Baskin, Leonid; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences; leonidBaskin@glasnet.ru.
Within the boreal zone, there are about 50 native mammalian herbivore species that belong to the orders Artiodactyla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha. Of these species, 31 occur in the Nearctic and 24  in the Palaearctic. Only six species occur in both regions. Species of the family Cervidae have probably been, and still are, the most important group for man, as they provide both meat and hides. Pelts from squirrels, muskrats, and hares were commercially harvested at the beginning of the century, but have less value today. The semi-domestic reindeer in the Palaearctic produces meat and hides on a commercial basis. It is also used for milking, to a limited extent, as is the semi-domestic moose in Russia. The Siberian musk deer is used for its musk and is raised in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forests; Conservation; Fluctuations; Herbivores; Human use; Mammals; Management; Populations; Variability.
Ano: 1998

Managing Rangeland as a Complex System: How Government Interventions Decouple Social Systems from Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Li, Wenjun; Peking University; wjlee@pku.edu.cn; Li, Yanbo; Peking University; leeyu@pku.edu.cn.
The complexity of natural resource management is increasingly recognized and requires adaptive governance at multiple levels. It is particularly significant to explore the impacts of government interventions on the management practices of local communities and on target social-ecological systems. The Inner Mongolian rangeland was traditionally managed by indigenous people using their own institutions that were adapted to the highly variable local climate and were able to maintain the resilience of the social-ecological system for more than 1000 years. However, external interventions have significantly affected the rangeland social-ecological system in recent decades. In this paper, using livestock breed improvement as an example, we track government...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Inner Mongolia; Rangeland management; Resilience; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2012

When to Spray: a Time-Scale Calculus Approach to Controlling the Impact of West Nile Virus
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomas, Diana; Montclair State University; thomasdia@mail.montclair.edu; Weedermann, Marion; Dominican University; mweederm@dom.edu; Billings, Lora; Montclair State University; billingsl@mail.montclair.edu; Hoffacker, Joan; Clemson University; johoff@clemson.edu; Washington-Allen, Robert A; Texas A&amp;M University; University of Virginia; Adjunct at University of Tennessee; washingtonra@mac.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Basic reproduction number; Delay differential equation; Dynamic equations on a time scale; Population dynamics; West Nile Virus.
Ano: 2009

The Local Social and Environmental Impacts of Smallholder-Based Biofuel Investments in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research; L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Schoneveld, George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research; G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; Gumbo, Davison; Center for International Forestry Research; D.Gumbo@cgiar.org.
High oil prices, recent commitments by industrialized countries to enhance the use of renewable energy, and efforts by developing countries to stimulate foreign investment as a pathway to development have fueled high levels of interest in the biofuel sector throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is no exception. A large, land-locked country with high pump prices and vast tracts of land considered by many to be &amp;#8220;degraded&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;underutilized,&amp;#8221; investor interest in the sector has remained high despite uncertainties associated with unproven feedstocks and market fluctuations. While investment in multiple feedstock and production models may be observed, one of the primary investments has been in jatropha outgrower...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Jatropha; Outgrower scheme; Zambia.
Ano: 2011

Developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support integrated coastal management in a multiuser nature reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vugteveen, Pim; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; pim.vugteveen@sovon.nl; van Katwijk, Marieke M.; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; m.vankatwijk@science.ru.nl; Lenders, H. J. Rob; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; r.lenders@science.ru.nl; Hanssen, Lucien; Deining Societal Communication and Governance, Nijmegen; L.Hanssen@fo.nl.
We elaborate the necessary conceptual and strategic elements for developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in a multiuser nature reserve in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. We discuss quality criteria and enabling actions essential to accomplish and sustain monitoring excellence to support ICM. The Wadden Sea Long-Term Ecosystem Research project (WaLTER) was initiated to develop an adaptive monitoring network and online data portal to better understand and support ICM in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. Our comprehensive approach integrates ecological and socioeconomic data and links research-driven and policy-driven monitoring for system analysis using indicators of pressures, state, benefits, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive monitoring; Capacity building; DPSIR; Integrated coastal management; Monitoring excellence; Wadden Sea.
Ano: 2015

Interplay of multiple goods, ecosystem services, and property rights in large social-ecological marine protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; nban@uvic.ca; Evans, Louisa S; Geography, University of Exeter; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Nenadovic, Mateja; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University; mateja.nenadovic@duke.edu; Schoon, Michael; Center for Behavior, Institutions, and the Environment, Arizona State University; michael.schoon@asu.edu.
Protected areas are a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation, and increasingly, conservation science is integrating ecological and social considerations in park management. Indeed, both social and ecological factors need to be considered to understand processes that lead to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we use a social-ecological systems lens to examine changes in governance through time in an extensive regional protected area network, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. We studied the peer-reviewed and nonpeer-reviewed literature to develop an understanding of governance of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and its management changes through time. In particular, we examined how interacting and changing property rights, as designated by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Great Barrier Reef; Marine conservation; Marine protected area; Property rights; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Science, society, and flagship species: social and political history as keys to conservation outcomes in the Gulf of California
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vincent, Amanda CJ; Project Seahorse, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia; a.vincent@oceans.ubc.ca.
Socio-political issues are important in environmental policy outcomes but are often overlooked in conservation planning. We analyze the effects of historical social, political, and ecological contexts on conservation policy outcomes as applied to the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve. A rushed implementation, perhaps necessary for the protection of endangered totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and vaquita (Phocoena sinus), occurred with little community consultation, resulting in enduring disgruntlement among stakeholders that undermined its effectiveness. Overfishing and habitat degradation continue both inside and outside the reserve, and totoaba and vaquita remain Critically Endangered, with the latter&amp;#8217;s population...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biosphere Reserve; Flagship species; Gulf of California; Social-ecological dynamics; Totoaba; Vaquita.
Ano: 2016

A Short History of the Namibian Hake Fishery&amp;#8212;a Social-Ecological Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paterson, Barbara; Marine Research Institute (Ma-Re), Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Barbara@paterson.alt.na; Kirchner, Carola; National Marine Information and Research Centre (NatMirc), Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Namibia; University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business, South Africa; carola.kirchner32@gmail.com; Ommer, Rosemary E.; University of Victoria; ommer@uvic.ca.
As a legacy of Namibia&amp;#8217;s colonial past, the country inherited severely depleted fish resources at the time of independence. Today, Namibia&amp;#8217;s fisheries are almost exclusively industrial. The hake fishery is the country&amp;#8217;s most important fishery, which was restructured from a pre-independence foreign fishery into one that is characterized by locally based, vertically integrated fishing and processing companies. It is widely believed that Namibia has successfully combined the neoliberal economics that have been characteristic of the development narratives since the 1980s with welfarist goals for poverty reduction. However, there are strong indications that the fish stocks are declining, while the high economic expectations for the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Distant water fleets; Fisheries; Hake; Merlucius capensis; Merluccius paradoxus; Namibia; Namibianisation; Northern Benguela; South West Africa; Sustainable fisheries development.
Ano: 2013

Biodiversity and Biodisparity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: DeVaney, Leif Allan ; University of Minnesota; deva0052@umn.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Biodisparity; Biodiversity; Disparity; Diversity.
Ano: 2010

Consuming Research and Closing the Gap
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman, Philip; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District; philip.l.hoffman@usace.army.mil.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Assessing the Sustainability of Small Farmer Natural Resource Management Systems. A Critical Analysis of the MESMIS Program (1995-2010)
Provedor de dados: 7
Sustainability assessment oriented to improve current systems and practices is urgently needed, particularly in the context of small farmer natural resource management systems (NRMS). Unfortunately, social-ecological systems (SES) theory, sustainability evaluation frameworks, and assessment methods are still foreign not only to farmers but to many researchers, students, NGOs, policy makers/operators, and other interested groups. In this paper we examine the main achievements and challenges of the MESMIS Program (Spanish acronym for Indicator-based Sustainability Assessment Framework), a 15-year ongoing effort with impact in 60 case studies and 20 undergraduate and graduate programs mainly in Ibero-America that is attempting to cope with the stated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Latin America; Natural resource management; Small farmers; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability assessments.
Ano: 2012

National Parks and Protected Areas and the Role for Employment in Tourism and Forest Sectors: a Swedish Case
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fredman, Peter; ETOUR; Mittuniversitetet; Peter.Fredman@etour.se; Sandell, Klas; Karlstad University; Stockholm University; klas.sandell@kau.se.
The development of national parks and other protected areas has been widely promoted because of its potential for regional development in peripheral and sparsely populated areas. The argument is that the economic and social benefits seen in national parks in the USA and UK will also occur in the Swedish context in the form of an increased tourism-related labor market. Our aim was to analyze the possibility of such a development both in light of the policy visions of positive regional and local development and from the adversary point of view that protection of land is making it more difficult for 15 sparsely populated mountain municipalities in Sweden to prosper. We used a database covering the entire population of the area for 1991 to 2001. Our results...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Employment; Forest sector; Forestry; GIS; Restructuring in peripheral areas; Tourism.
Ano: 2010

Sustainable Forest Management in the Tropics:  Is Everything in Order but the Patient Still Dying?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nasi, Robert; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); r.nasi@cgiar.org; Frost, Peter G. H.; Center for International Forestry Research; p.frost@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Sustainable forest management; Tropical forests.
Ano: 2009

Enhancing the Resilience of Human&amp;#8211;Environment Systems: a Social Ecological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stokols, Daniel; School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine; dstokols@uci.edu; Lejano, Raul Perez; School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine; rplejano@yahoo.com; Hipp, John; School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine; hippj@uci.edu.
Resilience studies build on the notion that phenomena in the real world should be understood as dynamic social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. However, the scholarly community may not be fully aware that social ecology, as a conceptual framework, has a long intellectual history, nor fully cognizant of its foundational theory. In this article, we trace the intellectual roots and core principles of social ecology and demonstrate how these principles enable a broader conceptualization of resilience than may be found in much of the literature. We then illustrate how the resulting notion of resilience as transactional process and multi-capital formation affords new perspectives on diverse phenomena such as global financial crises and adaptation to environmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environment&amp;#8211; Behavior transactions; Resilience; Social capital; Social ecology.
Ano: 2013

Campus sustainability and natural area stewardship:  student involvement in adaptive comanagement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krasny, Marianne  E; Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu; Delia, Jesse; ; jessedelia@gmail.com.
University campus sustainability initiatives have proliferated over the last decade. We contend that such initiatives benefit from applying conceptual frameworks to help understand and guide their activities and from a focus on campus open space and natural areas management. Informed by an adaptive comanagement framework encompassing social learning, social capital, and shared action, we used semistructured interviews to examine student participation in the immediate response and longer-term policy formulation following a crisis that occurred in a campus natural area. Students exhibited social learning as demonstrated by reflection and the integration of new ideas through discussions with administrators and peers, as well as social capital through...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Natural areas; Sustainability; University.
Ano: 2014

Editorial:  Special Feature on Scenarios for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Bennett, Elena M.; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca; Peterson, Garry D; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ambiguity; Ecological change; Ecosystem services; Poverty reduction; Regime shift; Resilience; Scenarios.
Ano: 2006

Transition Landscapes and Social Networks:  Examining On-Gound Community Resilience and its Implications for Policy Settings in Multiscalar Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beilin, Ruth; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne; rbeilin@unimelb.edu.au; Reichelt, Nicole Tania; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne; reichelt@unimelb.edu.au; King, Barbara Joyce; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne; b.king3@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au; Long, Allison; Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victorian Government; allison.long@dse.vic.gov.au; Cam, Stephanie; Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victorian Government; stephaniec@rmcg.com.au.
Community based natural resource management groups contribute to landscape scale ecological change through their aggregation of local ecological knowledge. However, the social networks at the heart of such groups remain invisible to decision makers as evidenced in funding cuts and strategic policy documents. Our research is  a pilot study of the social networks in two peri-urban landscapes in Victoria, Australia. We describe the social network analysis undertaken with regard to natural resource management issues. The findings are assessed against the qualities of resilience:  diversity, modularity, connectivity, and feedback loops. A social network analysis tool is discussed with participants to assess its usefulness on-ground and with agency staff...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community based; Complex systems; Landcare; Multiscalar collaboration; Resource management; Social network analysis; Social resilience.
Ano: 2013

Acknowledging Trade-offs and Understanding Complexity:  Exurbanization Issues in Macon County, North Carolina
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vercoe, Richard A.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; ravercoe@uga.edu; Welch-Devine, M.; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; mwdevine@uga.edu; Hardy, Dean; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; rdhardy@uga.edu; Demoss, J. A.; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; jdemoss@uga.edu; Bonney, S. N.; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; sbonney@uga.edu; Allen, K.; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; kallen@uga.edu; Brosius, Peter; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; pbrosius@uga.edu; Charles, D.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; dhc31@uga.edu; Crawford, B.; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; bcrawford515@gmail.com; Heisel, S.; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; saraelizabethheisel@yahoo.com; Heynen, Nik; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; nheynen@uga.edu; Nibbelink, N.; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; nate@warnell.uga.edu; Parker, L.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; loweryp@uga.edu; Pringle, Cathy; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; pringle@sparc.ecology.uga.edu; Shaw, A.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; alanashaw@uga.edu; Van Sant, L.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; leviv@uga.edu.
We applied an integrative framework to illuminate and discuss the complexities of exurbanization in Macon County, North Carolina.  The case of Macon County, North Carolina, highlights the complexity involved in addressing issues of exurbanization in the Southern Appalachian region. Exurbanization, the process by which urban residents move into rural areas in search of unique natural amenities and idealized lifestyles, can often have a dramatic impact on the local economy, culture, and environment. Within Macon County, complex debates and tensions among multiple stakeholders struggle to address local residential development. How can better problem definition benefit rural communities in addressing exurbanization pressures and effects? We asserted that a key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Development; Ecological; Exurbanization; Integrative conservation; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2014

Using Participatory Scenarios to Stimulate Social Learning for Collaborative Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Kris A; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota; krisj@umn.edu; Dana, Genya; Dana &amp; Sharpe Risk Associates; gvdana@gmail.com; Jordan, Nicholas R; Agronomy &amp; Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota; jorda020@umn.edu; Draeger, Kathy J; Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships, University of Minnesota; draeg001@umn.edu; Kapuscinski, Anne; Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College; anne.kapuscinski@dartmouth.edu; Schmitt Olabisi, Laura K; Department of Community, Agriculture, Recreation, and Resource Studies, Michigan State University; schmi420@anr.msu.edu; Reich, Peter B; Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota; preich@umn.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Collaborative action; Participatory scenarios; Social-ecological challenges; Social learning; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2012

Generating and Fostering Novelty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance H.; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Janssen, Marco; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2006

Evaluating Responses in Complex Adaptive Systems: Insights on Water Management from the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bohensky, Erin; University of Pretoria; ebohensky@zoology.up.ac.za; Lynam, Timothy; University of Zimbabwe; tlynam@science.uz.ac.zw.
Ecosystem services are embedded in complex adaptive systems. These systems are riddled with nonlinearities, uncertainties, and surprises, and are made increasingly complex by the many human responses to problems or changes arising within them. In this paper we attempt to determine whether there are certain factors that characterize effective responses in complex systems. We construct a framework for response evaluation with three interconnected scopes or spatial and temporal domains: the scope of an impact, the scope of the awareness of the impact, and the scope of the power or influence to respond. Drawing from the experience of the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA), we explore the applicability of this framework to the example of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Responses; Complex adaptive systems; Ecosystem services; Southern Africa; Water management; Impact; Awareness; Power.
Ano: 2005

Weed Control Experience with Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Worthen, Richard; ; rworthen@ameritech.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

From Premise to Practice: a Critical Assessment of Integrated Water Resources Management and Adaptive Management Approaches in the Water Sector
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Medema, Wietske; ;; McIntosh, Brian S; ;; Jeffrey, Paul J; ; p.j.jeffrey@cranfield.ac.uk.
The complexity of natural resource use processes and dynamics is now well accepted and described in theories ranging across the sciences from ecology to economics. Based upon these theories, management frameworks have been developed within the research community to cope with complexity and improve natural resource management outcomes. Two notable frameworks, Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and Adaptive Management (AM) have been developed within the domain of water resource management over the past thirty or so years. Such frameworks provide testable statements about how best to organise knowledge production and use to facilitate the realisation of desirable outcomes including sustainable resource use. However evidence for the success of IWRM...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive management; Integrated water resources management; Sustainable water management; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008

Assessing Viability and Sustainability: a Systems-based Approach for Deriving Comprehensive Indicator Sets
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bossel, Hartmut; Sustainable Systems Research; H.Bossel@T-online.de.
Performance assessment in holistic approaches such as integrated natural resource management has to deal with a complex set of interacting and self-organizing natural and human systems and agents, all pursuing their own "interests" while also contributing to the development of the total system. Performance indicators must therefore reflect the viability of essential component systems as well as their contributions to the viability and performance of other component systems and the total system under study. A systems-based derivation of a comprehensive set of performance indicators first requires the identification of essential component systems, their mutual (often hierarchical or reciprocal) relationships, and their contributions to the performance of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indicators of sustainability; Integrated natural resources management; Orientors; Performance indicators; Sustainability assessment; Systems approach; Viability.
Ano: 2001

Are Long Fire-free Periods Needed to Maintain the Endangered, Fire-recruiting Shrub Arctostaphylos morroensis(Ericaceae)?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Odion, Dennis; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara; dennisodion@home.com; Tyler, Claudia; Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; tyler@lifesci.ucsb.edu.
Morro manazanita (Arctostaphylos morroensis) is a distinctive shrub restricted to a small area along the coast of California, USA. This endangered species faces two opposing fire-related extinction risks: (1) adults are killed by fire, and (2) recruitment opportunities only occur with fire. These strongly limit the capacity of this, as well as other obligate-seeding species, to recover from a population decline, which may result if there is an inadequate amount of time between fires for replenishment of sufficient seed populations. Using a prescribed burn, we tested whether the size of the seed bank that had accumulated in a 40-yr-old stand would prove adequate for maintaining A. morroensis population sizes through fire. Prior to the burn, we found ~11,000...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctostaphylos morroensis; California coast; Endangered species; Fire-dependent germination; Fire-related extinction risk; Maritime chaparral; Morro manzanita; Obligate-seeder; Postfire seedling recruitment; Seed bank; Shrublands; Viable seed.
Ano: 2002

Fisheries restoration potential for a large lake ecosystem: using ecosystem models to examine dynamic relationships between walleye, cormorant, and perch
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGregor, Andrea M; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources; Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development; amm15@ualberta.ca; Davis, Christopher L; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources;; Walters, Carl J; UBC Fisheries Centre;; Foote, Lee; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources;.
Increased population sizes of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and small-bodied (&amp;#60;15 cm total length) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) have occurred at Lac la Biche, Alberta, Canada, since fisheries collapsed the walleye (Sander vitreus) population. A walleye restoration program was introduced in 2005, but uncertainty around the ecosystem&amp;#8217;s response to management made it difficult to evaluate program success. This study used 40 variations of Ecopath with Ecosim models representing ecosystem conditions over 200 years to test the potential for multiple attractors, i.e., possible ecosytem states, in a large lake ecosystem. Results suggest that alternate stable states, defined by walleye-dominated and cormorant-dominated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternate stable states; Cormorant; Ecosystem modeling; Lac la Biche; Restoration; Walleye; Yellow perch.
Ano: 2015

An Evaluation of Feral Cat Management Options Using a Decision Analysis Network
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loyd, Kerrie Anne T.; University of Georgia; kloyd@uga.edu; DeVore, Jayna L.; University of Georgia; jdevore@uga.edu.
The feral domestic cat (Felis catus) is a predatory invasive species with documented negative effects on native wildlife.  The issue of appropriate and acceptable feral cat management is a matter of contentious debate in cities and states across the United States due to concerns for wildlife conservation, cat welfare, and public health. Common management strategies include: Trap-Neuter-Release, Trap-Neuter-Release with removal of kittens for adoption and Trap-Euthanize. Very little empirical evidence exists relevant to the efficacy of alternative options and a model-based approach is needed to predict population response and extend calculations to impact on wildlife. We have created a structured decision support model representing multiple stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision analysis network; Feral cat management; Lethal control; Trap-Neuter-Release; Wildlife conservation.
Ano: 2010

Economic Benefits Generated by Protected Areas: the Case of the Hoge Veluwe  Forest, the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hein, Lars; Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University; lars.hein@wur.nl.
Eliciting the economic benefits provided by protected areas is important in order to ensure that they are properly considered in policy and decision making. There are relatively few studies that provide a comprehensive overview of the economic benefits provided by European forest ecosystems, in spite of the large share of forests in the protected area system in most countries. An economic valuation of the ecosystem services supplied by the Hoge Veluwe forest in the Netherlands is presented. The Hoge Veluwe forest is one of the largest and most well-known protected areas in the country. The services included in the study are wood production, supply of game, groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, air filtration, recreation, and nature conservation. A...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Europe; Forest; Hoge Veluwe forest; Protected area; Valuation.
Ano: 2011

Dublin Ireland: a city addressing challenging water supply, management, and governance issues
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kelly-Quinn, Mary; School of Biology &amp; Environmental Science, University College Dublin; mary.kelly-quinn@ucd.ie; Blacklocke, Sean; School of Civil, Structural &amp; Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin; sean-blacklocke@sean-blacklocke.com; Bruen, Michael; School of Civil, Structural &amp; Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin; michael.bruen@ucd.ie; Earle, Ray; International Water Association; rayearlewater@gmail.com; O'Neill, Eoin; School of Geography, Planning &amp; Environmental Policy, University College Dublin; eoin.oneill@ucd.ie; O'Sullivan, John; School of Civil, Structural &amp; Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin; jj.osullivan@ucd.ie; Purcell, Patrick; School of Civil, Structural &amp; Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin; pj.purcell@ucd.ie.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demand management; Dublin; Full cost recovery; Governance; Water supply.
Ano: 2014

Ecosystem service trade-offs, perceived drivers, and sustainability in contrasting agroecosystems in central Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
The ability of agroecosystems to provide food ultimately depends on the regulating and supporting ecosystem services that underpin their functioning, such as the regulation of soil quality, water quality, soil erosion, pests, and pollinators. However, there are trade-offs between provisioning and regulating or supporting services, whose nature at the farm and plot scales is poorly understood. We analyzed data at the farm level for two agroecosystems with contrasting objectives in central Mexico: one aimed at staple crop production for self-subsistence and local markets, the other directed to a cash crop for export markets. Bivariate and multivariate trade-offs were analyzed for different crop management strategies (conventional, organic, traditional, crop...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystems; Avocado; Ecosystem services; Maize; Mexico; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

Collaborative Measurement of Performance of Jointly Managed Protected Areas in Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stacey, Natasha; CDU; natasha.stacey@cdu.edu.au; Izurieta, Arturo; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; arturo.izurieta@cdu.edu.au; Garnett, Stephen T; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; stephen.garnett@cdu.edu.au.
Responsibility for the management of many protected areas in the Northern Territory, Australia, is shared between the management agency and the aboriginal owners of that land. We describe (1) the creation and types of indicators developed by partners in a participatory process to measure management effectiveness, (2) the assessment method used to monitor progress, and (3) the results of the first cycle of evaluations in four jointly managed parks. Although each pilot park area has distinctive features, we were able to identify a set of twelve common indicators that were applied across the four park areas. The agreed indicators, which were scored using a color scale to indicate level of achievement, were primarily concerned with process rather than outcome,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Effectiveness; Indicators; Indigenous; Joint management; National parks; Participatory monitoring and evaluation; Traditional owners.
Ano: 2013

Is Validation of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge a Disrespectful Process? A Case Study of Traditional Fishing Poisons and Invasive Fish Management from the Wet Tropics, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gratani, Monica; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; monica.gratani@jcu.edu.au; Butler, James R. A. ; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, EcoSciences Precinct ; james.butler@csiro.au; Royee, Frank; Malanbarra Yidinji Elder;; Valentine, Peter; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University;; Burrows, Damien; Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University;; Canendo, Warren I.; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and Sustainable Agriculture Flagship, ATFI;; Anderson, Alex S; Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University; alexander.anderson@my.jcu.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Fishing poisons; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Invasive fish; Knowledge socialization; Livelihoods; Poisonous plants; Social-ecological systems: tilapia; Traditional ecological knowledge; Validation.
Ano: 2011

Relevance of a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area to the Bering Strait Region: a Policy Analysis Using Resilience-Based Governance Principles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hillmer-Pegram, Kevin; Resilience and Adaptation Program and Political Science Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks; khillmerpegram@alaska.edu; Robards, Martin D.; Wildlife Conservation Society; mrobards@wcs.org.
The Bering Strait, separating the North American and Asian continents, is a productive social&amp;#8211;ecological marine system that is vulnerable to increasing maritime traffic. In other parts of the world, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), an agency of the United Nations, has designated similar marine systems as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) in an effort to protect vulnerable resources from international shipping. We present information about the 14 existing PSSAs around the world and the political process by which designation is achieved. We examine specific characteristics of the Bering Strait system that are relevant to a PSSA application; these include vulnerable resources such as marine mammals and their contribution to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Ecosystem services; Indigenous; International shipping; Law; Marine protected area; Praxis; Transboundary; Whale.
Ano: 2015

From Complex Regions to Complex Worlds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Panarchy focuses on ecological and social systems that change abruptly. Panarchy is the process by which they grow, adapt, transform, and, in the end, collapse. These stages occur at different scales. The back loop of such changes is a critical time and presents critical opportunities for experiment and learning. It is when uncertainties arise and when resilience is tested and established. We now see changes on a global scale that suggest that we are in such a back loop. This article assesses the possibility of using the ideas that are central to panarchy, developed on a regional scale, to help explain the changes that are being brought about on a global scale by the Internet and by climate, economic, and geopolitical changes.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycles; Change; Complex systems; Panarchy; Transformation.
Ano: 2004

The State of the System and Steps Toward Resilience of Disturbance-dependent Oak Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Knoot, Tricia G; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University; tknoot@iastate.edu; Schulte, Lisa A.; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University; lschulte@iastate.edu; Tyndall, John C.; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University; jtyndall@iastate.edu; Palik, Brian J.; USDA Forest Service; bpalik@fs.fed.us.
Current ecological, economic, and social conditions present unique challenges to natural resource managers seeking to maintain the resilience of disturbance-dependent ecosystems, such as oak (Quercus spp.) forests.  Oak-dominated ecosystems throughout the U.S. have historically been perpetuated through periodic disturbance, such as fire, but more recently show decline given shifting disturbance regimes associated with human land management decisions.  We characterized the state of the social-ecological oak forest ecosystem in the midwestern U.S. through the perspectives of 32 natural resource professionals.  Data from interviews with these change agents provided an integrative understanding of key system components, cross-scale interactions, dependencies,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Oak forests; Privately-owned lands; Qualitative interviews; Resilience; Systems analysis.
Ano: 2010

The Political Economy of Cross-Scale Networks in Resource Co-Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; n.adger@uea.ac.uk; Brown, Katrina; University of East Anglia; k.brown@uea.ac.uk; Tompkins, Emma L.; University of East Anglia; e.tompkins@uea.ac.uk.
We investigate linkages between stakeholders in resource management that occur at different spatial and institutional levels and identify the winners and losers in such interactions. So-called cross-scale interactions emerge because of the benefits to individual stakeholder groups in undertaking them or the high costs of not undertaking them. Hence there are uneven gains from cross-scale interactions that are themselves an integral part of social-ecological system governance. The political economy framework outlined here suggests that the determinants of the emergence of cross-scale interactions are the exercise of relative power between stakeholders and their costs of accessing and creating linkages. Cross-scale interactions by powerful stakeholders have...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Institutions; Marine protected areas; Natural resource management; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2005

Beyond Baselines: Rethinking Priorities for Ocean Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Lisa M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; lisa.m.campbell@duke.edu; Gray, Noella J; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; noella.gray@duke.edu; Hazen, Elliott L; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; elliot.hazen@duke.edu; Shackeroff, Janna M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; janna.shackeroff@duke.edu.
In 1995, Daniel Pauly identified a "shifting baselines syndrome" (SBS). Pauly was concerned that scientists measure ecosystem change against their personal recollections of the past and, based on this decidedly short-term view, mismanage fish stocks because they tolerate gradual and incremental elimination of species and set inappropriate recovery goals. As a concept, SBS is simple to grasp and its logic is compelling. Much current work in marine historical ecology is rationalized in part as a means of combating SBS, and the term has also resonated outside of the academy with environmental advocacy groups. Although we recognize both conceptual and operational merit in SBS, we believe that the ultimate impact of SBS on ocean management will be limited by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Human&amp;#8211; Environment relations; Interdisciplinary research; Marine historical ecology.
Ano: 2009

Who is Right to Fish? Evolving a Social Contract for Ethical Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lam, Mimi E.; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; m.lam@fisheries.ubc.ca; Pauly, Daniel; Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Most debates on government fisheries management, focusing on dramatic fishery collapses, have skirted the ethical dimension implicit in the exploitation, for private gain, of fishery resources that are publicly owned. The privilege to fish, a conditional right often nefariously perceived as a legislated &amp;#8220;right,&amp;#8221; implies ethical responsibilities linked to marine stewardship. To date, however, granting this privilege to fish   has not been legally tethered to the fiduciary responsibilities of   businesses to their clients or governments to their citizens:    sustainable management of fisheries and conservation of living marine resources. Legal rights must be coupled with moral responsibilities if governments, private fishing enterprises,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Corporate responsibility; Fisheries management; Fishing privileges; Marine stewardship; Public ownership; Subsidies; Tragedy of the commons.
Ano: 2010

Impacts of Grazing on Semiarid Rangelands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Agency and Resilience: Teachings of Pikangikum First Nation Elders, Northwestern Ontario
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Andrew M.; First Nations University of Canada; amiller@fnuniv.ca; Davidson-Hunt, Iain; Natural Resources Institute; University of Manitoba; davidso4@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agency; Anishinaabe; Other-than-human persons; Pikangikum First Nation; Resilience; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2013

Impacts on Canadian Competitiveness of International Climate Change Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, Christopher; DRI-WEFA; chris.holling@dri-wefa.com; Somerville, Robin; Standard &amp; Poors DRI; rsomervi@dri.mcgraw-hill.com.
This article summarizes and provides additional perspective on a study that contributes to the growing body of analyses of the costs of limiting greenhouse gas emissions.  The study estimates the economic costs to Canada of six planning scenarios.  Four of these scenarios involve the use of tradable emission permits and two involved a carbon tax.  In each case, the mechanism's target is to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at some percentage of 1990 levels (100% or 90%) by either 2010 or 2015.  Policies that impose greater constraints on carbon dioxide emissions lead to higher economic costs in terms of foregone output.  These costs, however, vary for the same objective, depending on the mechanism chosen and the economic assumptions made.  In one typical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Greenhouse Gas Emission Limits; Canada; Economic Impact; Costs.
Ano: 1998

Effects of selective logging on large mammal populations in a remote indigenous territory in the northern Peruvian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowler, Mark; San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research; marktbowler@icloud.com; Puertas, Pablo E; FundAmazonia; Center for International Forestry Research; puertas118@hotmail.com; Kirkland, Maire; FundAmazonia; maire.kirkland@hotmail.co.uk; Bodmer, Richard; FundAmazonia; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent; R.Bodmer@kent.ac.uk.
We examined the effects of selective timber logging carried out by local indigenous people in remote areas within indigenous territories on the mammal populations of the Yavari-Mirin River basin on the Peru-Brazil border. Recent findings show that habitat change in the study area is minimal, and any effect of logging activities on large mammal populations is highly likely to be the result of hunting associated with logging operations. We used hunting registers to estimate the monthly and yearly biomass extracted during timber operations and to calculate the catch per unit effort (CPUE) in subsistence hunting in the community of Esperanza 2 to 5 years before logging activities started and 4 to 7 years after logging began. We also used line transects and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Catch per unit effort; Hunting; Mammal density; Timber logging.
Ano: 2015

Comments on Costanza Article
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mead, Timothy D; University of North Carolina; tdmead@email.uncc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Participation, politics, and panaceas: exploring the possibilities and limits of participatory urban water governance in Accra, Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morinville, Cynthia; The University of British Columbia, Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability; cynthia.morinville@gmail.com; Harris, Leila M; The University of British Columbia, Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability; lharris@ires.ubc.ca.
Water governance debates have increasingly recognized the importance of adaptive governance for short- and long-term sustainability, especially with respect to increasing climate unpredictability and growing urbanization. A parallel focus on enhancing community participation pervades international development recommendations and policy literature. Indeed, there are often implicit and explicit connections made between the participatory character of water governance institutions and their adaptive capacity.  The social-ecological systems literature, however, has also urged caution with respect to embracing panaceas, with increasing calls to be attentive to the limitations of proposed &amp;#8220;solutions.&amp;#8221; We discuss the parallels between the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ghana; Local Water Boards; Participatory governance; Water governance.
Ano: 2014

Using visual stimuli to explore the social perceptions of ecosystem services in cultural landscapes: the case of transhumance in Mediterranean Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; tobias.plieninger@ign.ku.dk.
The ecosystem services approach has been proposed as a powerful tool for the analysis of coupled social-ecological systems. This approach is particularly useful for the evaluation of cultural landscapes, which represent the joint evolution of humans and nature across an extended time span. Transhumance is a customary practice of mobile pastoralism, involving the regular seasonal migration of livestock herds between summer and winter pasturelands. This practice maintains unique cultural landscapes in Mediterranean Spain, which have been shaped over many centuries of pastoral activity. Drove roads, which are used for herd migration, represent the most outstanding feature of these landscapes. We used visually based landscape interpretation to evaluate social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cropland; Drove road; Ecosystem services; Mediterranean landscapes; Pine forest; Transhumance; Visual perception.
Ano: 2014

Achieving social-ecological fit through bottom-up collaborative governance: an empirical investigation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Guerrero, Angela M; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; a.guerrero@uq.edu.au; McAllister, Ryan R. J.; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Wilson, Kerrie A; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; k.wilson2@uq.edu.au.
Significant benefits can arise from collaborative forms of governance that foster self-organization and flexibility. Likewise, governance systems that fit with the extent and complexity of the system under management are considered essential to our ability to solve environmental problems. However, from an empirical perspective the fundamental question of whether self-organized (bottom-up) collaborative forms of governance are able to accomplish adequate fit is unresolved. We used new theory and methodological approaches underpinned by interdisciplinary network analysis to address this gap by investigating three governance challenges that relate to the problem of fit: shared management of ecological resources, management of interconnected ecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Exponential Random Graph Modeling; Networks; Problem of fit; Scales; Social-ecological fit; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Ecosystem service trade-offs across global contexts and scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; King, Elizabeth; University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu.
Meeting human needs while sustaining the planet&amp;#8217;s life support systems is the fundamental challenge of our time. What role sustenance of biodiversity and contrasting ecosystem services should play in achieving a sustainable future varies along philosophical, cultural, institutional, societal, and governmental divisions. Contrasting biophysical constraints and perspectives on human well-being arise both within and across countries that span the tropics and temperate zone. Direct sustenance of livelihoods from ecosystem services in East Africa contrasts with the complex and diverse relationships with the land in Mexico and the highly monetary-based economy of the United States. Lack of understanding of the contrasting contexts in which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Biophysical constraints; Cultural contexts; Ecosystem services; Empirical case studies; Human preferences; Sustainability framework; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

The Multiple Use of Tropical Forests by Indigenous Peoples in Mexico: a Case of Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moguel, Patricia; ;.
The quest for an appropriate system of management for tropical ecosystems necessitates that ecologists consider the accumulated experiences of indigenous peoples in their long-term  management of local resources, a subject of current ethnoecology. This paper provides data and empirical evidence of an indigenous multiple-use strategy (MUS) of tropical forest management existing in Mexico, that can be considered a case of adaptive management. This conclusion is based on the observation that some indigenous communities avoid common modernization routes toward specialized, unsustainable, and ecologically disruptive systems of production, and yet probably achieve the most successful tropical forest utilization design, in terms of biodiversity conservation,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ethnoecology; Indigenous peoples; Mexico; Multiple use; Tropical rain forest.
Ano: 2003

The Six Faces of Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Challenges and Opportunities for Canadian Co-Management Arrangements
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Houde, Nicolas; McGill University; nicolas.houde@mail.mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Canada; Co-management; Co-management arrangement; First Nation; Natural resource management; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2007

The Inaugural Issue of Conservation Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

From Subsistence to Commercial Hunting: Technical Shift in Cynegetic Practices Among Southern Cameroon Forest Dwellers During the 20th Century
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dounias, Edmond; IRD; CIFOR; edmond.dounias@ird.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2016

A diagnostic procedure for applying the social-ecological systems framework in diverse cases
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum (GCF), Berlin, Germany; hinkel@globalclimateforum.org; Cox, Michael E.; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu; Binder, Claudia R.; University of Munich, Germany; claudia.binder@geographie.uni-muenchen.de; Falk, Thomas; University of Marburg, Germany; falkt@staff.uni-marburg.de.
The framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems (SES) framework of  Elinor Ostrom is a multitier collection of concepts and variables that have proven to be relevant for understanding outcomes in diverse SES. The first tier of this framework includes the concepts resource system (RS) and resource units (RU), which are then further characterized through lower tier variables such as clarity of system boundaries and mobility. The long-term goal of framework development is to derive conclusions about which combinations of variables explain outcomes across diverse types of SES. This will only be possible if the concepts and variables of the framework can be made operational unambiguously for the different types of SES, which, however,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resource; Commons; Complex commons; Public good; Resource system; Resource unit; SES; Social-ecological system; Social-ecological system framework; Sustainability.
Ano: 2015

Assumptions about Ecological Scale and Nature Knowing Best Hiding in Environmental Decisions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hull, R. Bruce; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; hullrb@vt.edu; Robertson, David P; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; porter@vt.edu; Buhyoff, Gregory J; Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation; drichert@dcr.state.va.us; Seekamp, Erin; College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech; redheaderin@hotmail.com; Buhyoff, Gregory J; College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech; buhyoff@vt.edu.
Assumptions about nature are embedded in people&amp;#8217;s preferences for environmental policy and management. The people we interviewed justified preservationist policies using four assumptions about nature knowing best: nature is balanced, evolution is progressive, technology is suspect, and the Creation is perfect. They justified interventionist policies using three assumptions about nature: it is dynamic, inefficient, and robust. Unstated assumptions about temporal, spatial, and organizational scales further confuse discussions about nature. These findings confirm and extend findings from previous research. Data for our study were derived from interviews with people actively involved in negotiating the fate of forest ecosystems in southwest Virginia:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

The Politics of Scale, Position, and Place in the Governance of Water Resources in the Mekong Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; USER, Chiang Mai University; louis@sea-user.org; Garden, Po; USER, Chiang Mai University; po@sea-user.org; Imamura, Masao; USER, Chiang Mai University; masao@sea-user.org.
The appropriate scales for science, management, and decision making cannot be unambiguously derived from physical characteristics of water resources. Scales are a joint product of social and biophysical processes. The politics-of-scale metaphor has been helpful in drawing attention to the ways in which scale choices are constrained overtly by politics, and more subtly by choices of technologies, institutional designs, and measurements. In doing so, however, the scale metaphor has been stretched to cover a lot of different spatial relationships. In this paper, we argue that there are benefits to understanding&amp;#8212;and actions to distinguish&amp;#8212;issues of scale from those of place and position. We illustrate our arguments with examples from the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance; Institutions; Knowledge; Mekong; Politics; Scale; Science; Water resources.
Ano: 2005

Ecological Conservation, Cultural Preservation, and a Bridge between: the Journey of Shanshui Conservation Center in the Sanjiangyuan Region, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shen, Xiaoli; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park; xlshen.pku@gmail.com; Tan, Jiaxin; Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies, Sweden; jiaxintam@hotmail.com.
The Sanjiangyuan region is located on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in western China and encompasses the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Mekong rivers. It is also home to 300,000 Tibetan pastoralists. The area is characterized by its significant ecological service, unique culture, and fragile ecosystems, and has undergone a rapid degradation over the past several decades. Traditional Tibetan culture offers alternative knowledge and perspectives that facilitate the environmental conservation throughout the region, but have yet to be recognized or adopted by the Chinese government. Beginning in 2007, the local environmental NGO, Shanshui Conservation Center, has initiated a journey to bridge Tibetan communities with the outside scientific community,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Conservation concession; Grassland; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional Tibetan practices; Western China.
Ano: 2012

On the System Properties of the Planetary Boundaries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cornell, Sarah; Stockholm Resilience Centre ; sarah.cornell@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem function; Planetary boundaries; Systems analysis; Typology.
Ano: 2012

Evaluating Successful Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Osbahr, Henny; University of Reading and Walker Institute for Climate System Research; h.osbahr@reading.ac.uk; Twyman, Chasca; University of Sheffield;; Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia;; Thomas, David S. G.; University of Oxford;.
This paper examines the success of small-scale farming livelihoods in adapting to climate variability and change. We represent adaptation actions as choices within a response space that includes coping but also longer-term adaptation actions, and define success as those actions which promote system resilience, promote legitimate institutional change, and hence generate and sustain collective action. We explore data on social responses from four regions across South Africa and Mozambique facing a variety of climate risks. The analysis suggests that some collective adaptation actions enhance livelihood resilience to climate change and variability but others have negative spillover effects to other scales. Any assessment of successful adaptation is, however,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Livelihoods; Resilience.
Ano: 2010

Improving ecosystem service frameworks to address wicked problems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davies, Kathryn K.; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Kate.Davies@niwa.co.nz; Fisher, Karen T.; The University of Auckland; k.fisher@auckland.ac.nz; Dickson, Mark E.; The University of Auckland; m.dickson@auckland.ac.nz; Thrush, Simon F.; Institute of Marine Science; The University of Auckland; s.thrush@auckland.ac.nz; Le Heron, Richard; The University of Auckland; r.leheron@auckland.ac.nz.
Complex problems often result from the multiple interactions between human activities and ecosystems. The interconnected nature of ecological and social systems should be considered if these &amp;#8220;wicked problems&amp;#8221; are to be addressed. Ecosystem service approaches provide an opportunity to link ecosystem function with social values, but in practice the essential role that social dynamics play in the delivery of outcomes remains largely unexplored. Social factors such as management regimes, power relationships, skills, and values, can dramatically affect the definition and delivery of ecosystem services. Input from a diverse group of stakeholders improves the capacity of ecosystem service approaches to address wicked problems by acknowledging...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory modeling; Social capital; Social values; Wicked problems.
Ano: 2015

Resilience and Regime Shifts: Assessing Cascading Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; paul.ryan@csiro.au; Etienne, Michel; INRA; etienne@avignon.inra.fr; Allison, Helen; Murdoch University; helenallison@ozemail.com.au; Elmqvist, Thomas; University of Stockholm; thomase@ecology.su.se; Walker, Brian H.; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au.
Most accounts of thresholds between alternate regimes involve a single, dominant shift defined by one, often slowly changing variable in an ecosystem. This paper expands the focus to include similar dynamics in social and economic systems, in which multiple variables may act together in ways that produce interacting regime shifts in social-ecological systems. We use four different regions in the world, each of which contains multiple thresholds, to develop a proposed &amp;#8220;general model&amp;#8221; of threshold interactions in social-ecological systems. The model identifies patch-scale ecological thresholds, farm- or landscape-scale economic thresholds, and regional-scale sociocultural thresholds. &amp;#8220;Cascading thresholds,&amp;#8221; i.e., the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Thresholds; Regime shifts; Social-ecological systems; System interactions; Cascading effects.
Ano: 2006

The challenges of maintaining indigenous ecological knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarter, Joe; Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University  ; joe.mccarter@gmail.com; Gavin, Michael C; Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University ; michael.gavin@colostate.edu; Baereleo, Sue; Vanuatu Cultural Center, Port Vila, Vanuatu; s.baereleo@vanuatu.com.vu; Love, Mark; School of Social Science and School of Political Science and International Relations, University of Queensland; mark.love@uqconnect.edu.au.
Increased interest in indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) has led to concern that it is vulnerable amidst social and ecological change. In response, multiple authors have recommended the establishment of programs for the maintenance and revitalization of IEK systems. However, few studies have analyzed the methods, opportunities, and challenges of these programs. This is a critical gap, as IEK maintenance is challenging and will require layered and evidence-based solutions. We seek to build a foundation for future approaches to IEK maintenance. First, we present a systematic literature review of IEK maintenance programs (n = 39) and discuss the opportunities and challenges inherent in five broad groups of published approaches. Second, we use two case...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural revitalization; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Malekula; Traditional ecological knowledge; Vanuatu.
Ano: 2014

G. Gigerenzer, P. M. Todd, and the ABC Research Group. 2000. Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Insight into Enabling Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Greig, Lorne A.; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; lgreig@essa.com; Marmorek, David R.; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; dmarmorek@essa.com; Murray, Carol; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; cmurray@essa.com; Robinson, Donald C. E.; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; drobinson@essa.com.
The U.S. National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry recognized a need for effective adaptive management to support management for biological diversity. However, difficulties in implementing adaptive management in the U.S. Northwest Forest Plan led the Commission to wonder if comparisons across multiple adaptive management trials in the forest sector could provide insight into the factors that serve to enable or inhibit adaptive management. This comparison and the resulting discussions among a group of seasoned practitioners, with adaptive management experience at a variety of scales and levels of complexity, led to insights into a hierarchy of ten factors that can serve to either enable or inhibit implementation. Doing high quality adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Enabling factors; Forest; Inhibiting factors.
Ano: 2013

Mechanisms of Resilience in Common-pool Resource Management Systems: an Agent-based Model of Water Use in a River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
The concept of resilience is widely promoted as a promising notion to guide new approaches to ecosystem and resource management that try to enhance a system's capacity to cope with change. A variety of mechanisms of resilience specific for different systems have been proposed. In the context of resource management those include but are not limited to the diversity of response options and flexibility of the social system to adaptively respond to changes on an adequate scale. However, implementation of resilience-based management in specific real-world systems has often proven difficult because of a limited understanding of suitable interventions and their impact on the resilience of the coupled social-ecological system.  We propose an agent-based modeling...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agent-based model; Amudarya; Diversification; Fisheries; Irrigation; Mechanism; Resilience; River basin; Social-ecological system; Water use.
Ano: 2007

A Cognition-based View of Decision Processes in Complex Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beratan, Kathi K.; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University; Kathi_Beratan@ncsu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Complex social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Cultural change; Decision making; Discourse; Natural resource management; Schemas.
Ano: 2007

Exploring the Role of Private Wildlife Ranching as a Conservation Tool in South Africa: Stakeholder Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cousins, Jenny A; University of Manchester; Jenny.Cousins@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk; Sadler, Jon P; University of Birmingham;; Evans, James; University of Manchester;.
Rich in biological diversity, South Africa&amp;#8217;s natural habitats are internationally recognized as a conservation priority. Biodiversity loss continues, however, and limited scope to enlarge the state-protected areas, combined with funding shortages for public parks, means that conservationists are increasingly turning to private landowners for solutions. The recent boom in privately owned wildlife ranches in South Africa has the potential to contribute to conservation in South Africa. This paper explores the benefits, limitations, and challenges of private wildlife ranching as a tool for conservation in South Africa through interviews with key stakeholders working within conservation and wildlife ranching, and through case studies of threatened...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Private wildlife ranches; Qualitative research; South Africa; Stakeholder views.
Ano: 2008

Coproducing flood risk management through citizen involvement: insights from cross-country comparison in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mees, Hannelore; Research Group Environment and Society, University of Antwerp; hannelore.mees@uantwerpen.be; Alexander, Meghan; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University ; m.c.alexander@mdx.ac.uk; Kaufmann, Maria; Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen; m.kaufmann@fm.ru.nl; Bruzzone, Silvia; CITERES Research Centre, Fran&amp;#231;ois Rabelais University of Tours; silvia.bruzzone@enpc.fr; Lewandowski, Jakub; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Science; jakub.lewandowski22@gmail.com.
Across Europe, citizens are increasingly expected to participate in the implementation of flood risk management (FRM), by engaging in voluntary-based activities to enhance preparedness, implementing property-level measures, and so forth. Although citizen participation in FRM decision making is widely addressed in academic literature, citizens&amp;#8217; involvement in the delivery of FRM measures is comparatively understudied. Drawing from public administration literature, we adopted the notion of &amp;#8220;coproduction&amp;#8221; as an analytical framework for studying the interaction between citizens and public authorities, from the decision-making process through to the implementation of FRM in practice. We considered to what extent coproduction is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Codelivery; Coproduction; Cross-country comparison; Flood risk governance; Flood risk responsibilities; Legitimacy; Public participation; Resilience.
Ano: 2016

The evolution and performance of river basin management in the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ross, Andrew; Australian National University; a.ross@anu.edu.au; Connell, Daniel; Australian National University; daniel.connell@anu.edu.au.
We explore bioregional management in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in Australia through the institutional design characteristics of the MDB River Basin Organization (RBO), the actors and organizations who supported and resisted the establishment of the RBO, and the effectiveness of the RBO. During the last 25 years, there has been a major structural reform in the MDB RBO, which has changed from an interstate coordinating body to an Australian government agency. Responsibility for basin management has been centralized under the leadership of the Australian government, and a comprehensive integrated Basin plan has been adopted. The driving forces for this centralization include national policy to restore river basins to sustainable levels of extraction,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Centralization; Coordination; Environment; Management; River basin organization; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2016

Transfer of Knowledge on Agroforestry Management Practices:  the Structure of Farmer Advice Networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Isaac, Marney E; University of Toronto; marney.isaac@utoronto.ca; Erickson, Bonnie H; University of Toronto;; Quashie-Sam, S. James; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana;; Timmer, Vic R; University of Toronto;.
Access to knowledge on farm management practices is essential for the maintenance of productive agroforestry systems.  Farmers who lack the means to acquire farming knowledge from formal sources often rely on information within their informal social networks.  However, little research has explored the explicit structure of farmer communication patterns.  We examined advice network structures by using farmer attributes, i.e., kin relationships, community involvement, and imitation, to characterize structural positions and investigated the consequences of such structure on farming practices in cocoa agroforestry systems in Ghana, West Africa.  Furthermore, we used a multicommunity approach; we constructed networks for four communities to increase replication...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Farm management; Ghana; Social network analysis; Theobroma cacao.
Ano: 2007

Building institutional capacity for environmental governance through social entrepreneurship: lessons from Canadian biosphere reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: George, Colleen; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; colleen.george@usask.ca; Reed, Maureen G.; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; m.reed@usask.ca.
Sustainability-oriented organizations have typically adopted governance approaches that undertake community participation and collaboration through multistakeholder arrangements. Documented challenges of this model are associated with collaboration and institutional capacity, and include reactive accountability structures, inability to reach consensus, funding limitations, and lack of innovation. Social entrepreneurship is a model used successfully in other social sectors; yet, it has rarely been explored by sustainability-oriented organizations. Nevertheless, research in other sectors has found that social entrepreneurship models of governance can encourage diverse participation from a wide range of social groups. In this paper we consider the value of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Collaboration; Environmental governance; Institutional capacity; Social entrepreneurship.
Ano: 2016

Social-ecological Resilience of a Nuosu Community-linked Watershed, Southwest Sichuan, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Urgenson, Lauren S; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington; lsu@u.washington.edu; Hagmann, R. Keala; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington ; hokulea@u.washington.edu; Henck, Amanda C; Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington; achenck@u.washington.edu; Harrell, Stevan; Anthropology, University of Washington; stevehar@u.washington.edu; Hinckley, Thomas M; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington ; hinckley@u.washington.edu; Shepler, Sara Jo; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington; coffee-punk@hotmail.com; Grub, Barbara L.; Anthropology, University of Washington; blg@u.washington.edu; Chi, Philip  M; ; philmcuw@yahoo.com.
Farmers of the Nuosu Yi ethnic group in the Upper Baiwu watershed report reductions in the availability of local forest resources. A team of interdisciplinary scientists worked in partnership with this community to assess the type and extent of social-ecological change in the watershed and to identify key drivers of those changes. Here, we combine a framework for institutional analysis with resilience concepts to assess system dynamics and interactions among resource users, resources, and institutions over the past century. The current state of this system reflects a legacy of past responses to institutional disturbances initiated at the larger, national system scale. Beginning with the Communist Revolution in 1957 and continuing through the next two...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: China; Forests; Institutions; Nuosu; Resilience; Sichuan; Yi.
Ano: 2010

The spread and maturation of strategic adaptive management within and beyond South African national parks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Freitag, Stefanie; Scientific Services, South African National Parks; stef.freitag@sanparks.org; Biggs, Harry; Conservation Services, South African National Parks; biggs@sanparks.org; Breen, Charles; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal; breenc@telkomsa.net.
Natural resource management is embedded within social-ecological environments and requires decisions to be taken within this broad context, including those that pertain to protected areas. This realization has led to South African National Parks adopting a strategic adaptive management approach to decision making. Through narrative, we show why and how this practice has progressively spread and evolved both within the organization and beyond, over the past two decades. A number of catalytic events and synergies enabled a change from reactive tactical management approaches to more inclusive forward-looking approaches able to embrace system complexity and associated uncertainty and change. We show how this long period of innovation has lead to an increased...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Colearning; Kruger National Park; Protected area stewardship; Social-ecological systems; Systems thinking.
Ano: 2014

Matching Social and Ecological Systems in Complex Ocean Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilson, James A.; University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu.
This paper considers ocean fisheries as complex adaptive systems and addresses the question of how human institutions might be best matched to their structure and function. Ocean ecosystems operate at multiple scales, but the management of fisheries tends to be aimed at a single species considered at a single broad scale. The paper argues that this mismatch of ecological and management scale makes it difficult to address the fine-scale aspects of ocean ecosystems, and leads to fishing rights and strategies that tend to erode the underlying structure of populations and the system itself. A successful transition to ecosystem-based management will require institutions better able to economize on the acquisition of feedback about the impact of human...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Resource governance; Fisheries; Complex adaptive systems; Scale; Fishing effort; Decentralization; Governance institutions; Incentives; Multiscale governance; Fishing rights; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem-based management; Polycentric networks.
Ano: 2006

Withdrawn
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: , ; ;.
The article, published in Volume 21, Issue 3, Article 8 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08530-210308), has been withdrawn.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Ano: 2016

Manager perspectives on communication and public engagement in ecological restoration project success
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Druschke, Caroline Gottschalk; University of Rhode Island; cgd@uri.edu; Hychka, Kristen C.; U.S. EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division; khychka@gmail.com.
We look to a particular social-ecological system, the restoration community in Rhode Island, USA and the rivers, wetlands, marshes, and estuaries they work to protect, to draw connections between communication, community involvement, and ecological restoration project success. Offering real-world examples drawn from interviews with 27 local, state, federal, and nonprofit restoration managers, we synthesize the mechanisms that managers found effective to argue that the communication employed by resource managers in each phase of the restoration process, in prioritization, implementation, and monitoring, and for garnering broad-based support, shapes the quality of public engagement in natural resources management, which, in turn, can impact the stakeholder,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Adaptive management; Communication; Discourse analysis; Natural resource management; Public engagement; Public participation; Restoration; River; Stakeholder engagement; Water.
Ano: 2015

Evaluating the use of local ecological knowledge to monitor hunted tropical-forest wildlife over large spatial scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peres, Carlos A.; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; C.Peres@uea.ac.uk.
Monitoring the distribution and abundance of hunted wildlife is critical to achieving sustainable resource use, yet adequate data are sparse for most tropical regions. Conventional methods for monitoring hunted forest-vertebrate species require intensive in situ survey effort, which severely constrains spatial and temporal replication. Integrating local ecological knowledge (LEK) into monitoring and management is appealing because it can be cost-effective, enhance community participation, and provide novel insights into sustainable resource use. We develop a technique to monitor population depletion of hunted forest wildlife in the Brazilian Amazon, based on the local ecological knowledge of rural hunters. We performed rapid interview surveys to estimate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Brazil; Game; Harvesting; Hunting; Interviews; Large mammals.
Ano: 2015

Introduction: Where in Law is Social-Ecological Resilience?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ebbesson, Jonas; Department of Law, Stockholm University; jonas.ebbesson@juridicum.su.se; Hey, Ellen; Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam; School of Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney; hey@law.eur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: EU; International law; Justice; Law; Property; Public participation; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Reconsidering the Effectiveness of Scientific Tools for Negotiating Local Solutions to Conflicts between Recreation and Conservation with Stakeholders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pouwels, Rogier; Wageningen University &amp; Research Centre; rogier.pouwels@wur.nl; Opdam, Paul; Wageningen University &amp; Research Centre; paul.opdam@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Boundary management; Integrated tools; Learning; Local data; Recreation; Spatially explicit; Stakeholders; Tools; Visualization.
Ano: 2011

A Framework for Spatial Risk Assessments: Potential Impacts of Nonindigenous Invasive Species on Native Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig R; USGS  Nebraska Cooperative Fish &amp; Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Johnson, Alan R; Clemson University; alanj@clemson.edu; Parris, Leslie; Clemson University; leslie.parris@us.army.mil.
Many populations of wild animals and plants are declining and face increasing threats from habitat fragmentation and loss as well as exposure to stressors ranging from toxicants to diseases to invasive nonindigenous species. We describe and demonstrate a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment that allows for the incorporation of a broad array of information that may influence the distribution of an invasive species, toxicants, or other stressors, and the incorporation of landscape variables that may influence the spread of a species or substances. The first step in our analyses is to develop species models and quantify spatial overlap between stressor and target organisms. Risk is assessed as the product of spatial overlap and a hazard index based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Declining species; Invasive species; Nonindigenous species; Risk assessment; Spatial risk.
Ano: 2006

Silviculture's Role in Managing Boreal Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Graham, Russell T; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; rgraham/rmrs_moscow@fs.fed.us; Jain, Theresa B; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; tjain/rmrs_moscow@fs.fed.us.
Boreal forests, which are often undeveloped, are a major source of raw materials for many countries. They are circumpolar in extent and occupy a belt to a width of 1000 km in certain regions. Various conifer and hardwood species ranging from true firs to poplars grow in boreal forests. These species exhibit a wide range of shade tolerance and growth characteristics, and occupy different successional positions. The climate is subarctic, with short growing seasons, and the soils are shallow. Both wildfires and timber harvesting play an important role in shaping the structure and composition of boreal forests. Both uneven-aged and even-aged silvicultural systems can be used to produce commercial harvests, but systems can also be designed to meet a variety of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Even-aged stands; Forest composition; Forest management; Forest structure; Global timber markets; Silvicultural systems; Subarctic; Uneven-aged stands.
Ano: 1998

Estimating Resilience Across Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca.
Although ecological managers typically focus on managing local or regional landscapes, they often have little ability to control or predict many of the large-scale, long-term processes that drive changes within these landscapes. This lack of control has led some ecologists to argue that ecological management should aim to produce ecosystems that are resilient to change and surprise. Unfortunately, ecological resilience is difficult to measure or estimate in the landscapes people manage. In this paper, I extend system dynamics approaches to resilience and estimate resilience using complex landscape simulation models. I use this approach to evaluate cross-scale edge, a novel empirical method for estimating resilience based on landscape pattern. Cross-scale...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative stable states; Cross-scale edge; Eglin Air Force Base; Longleaf pine; Oak; Probabilistic resilience; Spatial resilience.
Ano: 2002

Animal Dispersal in Fragmented Habitat: Measuring Habitat Connectivity, Corridor Use, and Dispersal Mortality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brooker, Lesley; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; lesley.brooker@csiro.au; Brooker, Michael; CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology; M.Brooker@per.dwe.csiro.au; Cale, Peter; CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology; P.Cale@per.dwe.csiro.au.
We used a spatially explicit dispersal simulation to generate movement frequencies and distances for comparison with real dispersal frequencies collected in the field from two habitat-specific, sedentary bird species. The relationship between these two data sets allowed us to (1) test the hypothesis that the study species used corridor routes during dispersal; (2) measure the degree of reliance on corridor continuity; (3) estimate the rate of dispersal mortality with respect to distance traveled, and (4) give examples of how the model can be used to assess habitat connectivity with respect to similarly behaved species. We found that Blue-breasted Fairy-wrens and White-browed Babblers both used corridor routes during dispersal. Blue-breasted Fairy-wrens...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Animal dispersal; Blue-breasted Fairy-wren; Dispersal model; Dispersal mortality; Fragmentation; Habitat connectivity; Malurus pulcherrimus; Pomatostomus superciliosus; Spatially explicit dispersal; Vegetation corridors; White-browed Babbler.
Ano: 1999

Summary: Addressing the Interactional Challenges of Moving Collaborative Adaptive Management From Theory to Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beratan, Kathi K.; North Carolina State University; kkberata@ncsu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaborative adaptive management; Institutional change; Leading indicators; Process design; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2014

Integrating Conservation and Development in the Peruvian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kilbane Gockel, Catherine; University of Washington; Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University; catherine.kilbane@fulbrightmail.org; Gray, Leslie C.; Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University; lcgray@scu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Community-based natural resource management; Integrated conservation and development; Ribere&amp;ntilde; Os; Tropical-forest conservation.
Ano: 2009

Changing Use Patterns, Changing Feedback Links: Implications for Reorganization of Coastal Fisheries Management in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hammer, Monica; ; monica.hammer@sh.se.
Property rights are important institutions for regulating the use of valuable natural resources from coastal ecosystems. In this case study, we identify and analyze property rights and user patterns related to small-scale coastal fisheries in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. User patterns and user groups have changed significantly over the last century, as commercial fishing has been increasingly replaced by recreational activities. Interviews with local resource users and owners of water properties in two different areas, M&amp;#246;ja and Orn&amp;#246; parishes within the Stockholm Archipelago, revealed a very diverse pattern of property and user rights, with a large number of water and fishing rights owners. Recreational fisheries, including both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal fisheries; Management institutions; Property rights; Social-ecological systems; Stockholm archipelago.
Ano: 2006

Exploring agency beyond humans: the compatibility of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and resilience thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dwiartama, Angga; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; dwiartama@sith.itb.ac.id; Rosin, Christopher; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; chris.rosin@otago.ac.nz.
At first glance, the compatibility of social theory and resilience thinking is not entirely evident, in part because the ontology of the former is rooted in social interactions among human beings rather than ecological process. Despite this difference, resilience thinking engages with particular aspects of  social organization that have generated intense debates within social science, namely the role of humans as integral elements of social-ecological systems and the processes through which given social structures (including material relations) are either maintained or transformed. Among social theoretical approaches, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is noted for its distinctive approach to these aspects. ANT proposes that human and nonhuman components (both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Actor-network; Kiwifruit; Nonhuman agency; Relationality; Rice.
Ano: 2014

Novelty, Rigor, and Diversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Panarchy and the Law
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ruhl, J. B.; Vanderbilt University Law School; jb.ruhl@vanderbilt.edu.
Panarchy theory focuses on improving theories of change in natural and social systems to improve the design of policy responses. Its central thesis is that successfully working with the dynamic forces of complex adaptive natural and social systems demands an active adaptive management regime that eschews optimization approaches that seek stability. This is a new approach to resources management, and yet no new theory of how to do things in environmental and natural resources management, particularly one challenging entrenched ways of doing things and the interests aligned around them, is likely to gain traction in practice if it cannot gain traction in the form of endorsement and implementation through specific laws and regulations. At some point, that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Environmental law; Panarchy theory.
Ano: 2012

Ecology, Ethics, and Advocacy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Pope, Shealagh E; Environment Canada; shealagh.pope@ec.gc.ca; De Leo, Giulio Alessandro; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it; Janssen, Marco A; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands; marco.janssen@rivm.nl; Malcolm, Jay R; Department of Forestry, University of Toronto, Canada; jay.malcolm@utoronto.ca; Parody, Jennifer M; Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Mexico, USA; jmparody@unm.edu; Hood, Greg; Australian National University/CSIRO, Australia; greg.hood@dwe.csiro.au; North, Malcolm; U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USA; north_md@msn.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Spatio-temporal variation in stream water chemistry in a tropical urban watershed
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ram&amp;#237;rez, Alonso; University of Puerto Rico,  Department of Environmental Sciences; aramirez@ramirezlab.net; Rosas, Keysa G.; University of Puerto Rico,  Department of Environmental Sciences; keysa.rosas@gmail.com; Lugo, Ariel E.; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry; alugo@fs.fed.us; Ramos-Gonz&amp;#225;lez, Olga M.; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry; oramos@fs.fed.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ion concentrations; Nutrient concentrations; Puerto Rico; Tropical streams; Urban streams; Water physicochemistry.
Ano: 2014

Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United States: perceived usefulness of climate science, effectiveness of adaptation strategies, and barriers to implementation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kemp, Kerry B; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; kkemp@uidaho.edu; Blades, Jarod J; College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls; jarod.blades@uwrf.edu; Klos, P. Zion; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; zion@uidaho.edu; Hall, Troy E.; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University; Troy.Hall@oregonstate.edu; Force, Jo Ellen; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; joellen@uidaho.edu; Morgan, Penelope; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; pmorgan@uidaho.edu; Tinkham, Wade T.; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; wade.tinkham@colostate.edu.
Recent mandates in the United States require federal agencies to incorporate climate change science into land management planning efforts.  These mandates target possible adaptation and mitigation strategies. However, the degree to which climate change is actively being considered in agency planning and management decisions is largely unknown. We explored the usefulness of climate change science for federal resource managers, focusing on the efficacy of potential adaptation strategies and barriers limiting the use of climate change science in adaptation efforts.  Our study was conducted in the northern Rocky Mountains region of the western United States, where we interacted with 77 U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management personnel through...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Bureau of Land Management; Climate change; Decision making; Forest Service; Land management; Public lands.
Ano: 2015

Water Management in the Camargue Biosphere Reserve: Insights from Comparative Mental Models Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle &amp; Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr; Lynam, Tim; CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosystems, Davies Laboratory; tim.lynam@csiro.au; Calvet, Coralie; UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle &amp; Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ; coralie.calvet@cefe.cnrs.fr.
Mental models are the cognitive representations of the world that frame how people interact with the world. Learning implies changing these mental models. The successful management of complex social-ecological systems requires the coordination of actions to achieve shared goals. The coordination of actions requires a level of shared understanding of the system or situation; a shared or common mental model. We first describe the elicitation and analysis of mental models of different stakeholder groups associated with water management in the Camargue Biosphere Reserve in the Rh&amp;#244;ne River delta on the French Mediterranean coast. We use cultural consensus analysis to explore the degree to which different groups shared mental models of the whole system,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ARDI method; Consensus analysis; Mental models; Water management.
Ano: 2011

Trust ecology and the resilience of natural resource management institutions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stern, Marc J; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech; Center for Leadership in Global Sustainability; mjstern@vt.edu; Baird, Timothy D.; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech; Center for Leadership in Global Sustainability; tbaird@vt.edu.
The resilience of natural resource management (NRM) institutions are largely contingent on the capacities of the people and organizations within those institutions to learn, innovate, and adapt, both individually and collectively. These capacities may be powerfully constrained or catalyzed by the nature of the relationships between the various entities involved. Trust, in particular, has been identified repeatedly as a key component of institutional relationships that supports adaptive governance and successful NRM outcomes. We apply an ecological lens to a pre-existing framework to examine how different types of trust may interact to drive institutional resilience in NRM contexts. We present the broad contours of what we term &amp;#8220;trust...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Functional redundancy; Institutional resilience; Natural resource management; Trust.
Ano: 2015

Measuring Household Resilience to Floods: a Case Study in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nguyen, Kien V; An Giang University, Vietnam; Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian National University; nv.kien@anu.edu.au; James, Helen; Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian National University; waldenent@hotmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Impacts; Floods; Mekong River Delta; Resilience; Vulnerability; Well-being.
Ano: 2013

Establishing the Resilience of a Coastal-marine Social-ecological System to the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Burkhard, Benjamin; Ecology Centre Kiel; bburkhard@ecology.uni-kiel.de; Gee, Kira; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; k.gee@gmx.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural ecosystem services; German North Sea; Offshore wind farming; Regime shifts; Social-ecological system dynamics.
Ano: 2012

Social Learning in European River-Basin Management: Barriers and Fostering Mechanisms from 10 River Basins
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mostert, Erik; Delft University of Technology; E.Mostert@TUDelft.NL; Rees, Yvonne; WRc; yvonne.rees@wrcplc.co.uk; Searle, Brad; WRc;; Tippett, Joanne; University of Manchester; Joanne.Tippett@manchester.ac.uk.
We present and analyze 10 case studies of participatory river-basin management that were conducted as part of the European HarmoniCOP project. The main theme was social learning, which emphasizes the importance of collaboration, organization, and learning. The case studies show that social learning in river-basin management is not an unrealistic ideal. Resistance to social learning was encountered, but many instances of social learning were found, and several positive results were identified. Moreover, 71 factors fostering or hindering social learning were identified; these could be grouped into eight themes: the role of stakeholder involvement, politics and institutions, opportunities for interaction, motivation and skills of leaders and facilitators,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Europe; Public participation; River-basin management; Social learning.
Ano: 2007

Livestock Subsidies and Rangeland Degradation in Central Crete
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lorent, Hugues; University of Louvain; hugues.lorent@uclouvain.be; Tsiourlis, Georgios M.; National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF); gmtsiou@fri.gr; Lambin, Eric; University of Louvain; lambin@geog.ucl.ac.be.
Marginal and unstable environmental conditions force stockbreeders in drylands to develop adaptive strategies to ensure stability of production. In intensive market-oriented pastoral systems, the partial substitution of rangeland forage production by external feed increases the influence of commodity prices in stockbreeders&amp;#8217; decisions, which become increasingly decoupled from environmental constraints. In Mediterranean countries of the European Union (EU), Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies also influence agricultural practices, potentially increasing environmental impacts. By modeling subsidy allocation to sheep and goat breeders in Crete, we showed that livestock subsidies for Less Favoured Areas (LFA) stimulated flock growth up to a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Crete; Desertification; Sheep and goats; Subsidies; Vegetation-cover trend.
Ano: 2009

Learning More Effectively from Experience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fazey, Ioan; Australian National University; ifazey@cres.anu.edu.au.; Fazey, John A.; University of Wales, Bangor; pes001@bangor.ac.uk; Fazey, Della M. A.; University of Wales, Bangor; pes007@bangor.ac.uk.
Developing the capacity for individuals to learn effectively from their experiences is an important part of building the knowledge and skills in organizations to do good adaptive management. This paper reviews some of the research from cognitive psychology and phenomenography to present a way of thinking about learning to assist individuals to make better use of their personal experiences to develop understanding of environmental systems. We suggest that adaptive expertise (an individual&amp;#8217;s ability to deal flexibly with new situations) is particularly relevant for environmental researchers and practitioners. To develop adaptive expertise, individuals need to: (1) vary and reflect on their experiences and become adept at seeking out and taking...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Adaptable practitioners; Experience; Expert; Learning; Macquarie Marshes.
Ano: 2005

Measuring resilience is not enough; we must apply the research. Researchers and practitioners need a common language to make this happen.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Glandon, Douglas M; ; douglas.glandon@gmail.com.
This article is contributed by a practitioner in the area of country-level health systems strengthening who also has a background in resilience research. The intent of the article is to offer constructive reflection on the disconnect between the insights of resilience research and the application of those insights through development assistance. The primary reason for the existence of this communication block is that resilience research findings are not often translated in a format that is useful to those implementing resilience promotion projects. As a result, implementers do not usually review relevant research to guide their interventions. Resilience researchers and practitioners need a common language, one that arises from effective community engagement.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Community resilience; Development assistance; Research to action.
Ano: 2015

How Useful Are Species Distribution Models for Managing Biodiversity under Future Climates?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sinclair, Steve J; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; steve.sinclair@dse.vic.gov.au; White, Matthew D; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; Matt.White@dse.vic.gov.au; Newell, Graeme R; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; Graeme.Newell@dse.vic.gov.au.
Climate change presents unprecedented challenges for biological conservation. Agencies are increasingly looking to modeled projections of species&amp;#8217; distributions under future climates to inform management strategies. As government scientists with a responsibility to communicate the best available science to our policy colleagues, we question whether current modeling approaches and outputs are practically useful. Here, we synthesize conceptual problems with species distribution models (SDMs) associated with interspecific interactions, dispersal, ecological equilibria and time lags, evolution, and the sampling of niche space. Although projected SDMs have undoubtedly been critical in alerting us to the magnitude of climate change impacts, we conclude...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Climatic envelope; Decision support; Distribution modeling; Niche; Spatial modeling; Species interaction.
Ano: 2010

Two Cultures of Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

A Critical Systems Approach to Social Learning: Building Adaptive Capacity in Social, Ecological,  Epistemological (SEE) Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Daniel D. P.; Waterloo Institute for Social innovation and Resilience (WISIR) University of Waterloo; dmccarth@uwaterloo.ca; Crandall, Debbe D.; Save the Oak Ridges Moraine Coalition; dcrandall@stormcoalition.org; Whitelaw, Graham S.; Queen's University; graham.whitelaw@queenu.ca; General, Zachariah; University of Waterloo; zachgeneral@gmail.com; Tsuji, Leonard J. S.; University of Waterloo; ljtsuji@uwaterloo.ca.
This paper presents a conceptual tool, or heuristic, for describing the epistemological context for social learning within complex social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. The heuristic integrates several definitions of social learning that emphasize the importance of critical reflection and its collaborative nature and that it is rooted in and oriented toward practice through social interactions. The conceptual tool is useful in identifying and conceptually mapping different perspectives based on types of learning described along three dimensions: typology of knowledge; different levels of critical reflection; and scale. The heuristic was originally developed in the context of an environmental planning process in southern Ontario, Canada, and is applied to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Critical systems thinking; First Nations; Social learning.
Ano: 2011

Managing social&amp;#8211;ecological systems under uncertainty: implementation in the real world
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nuno, Ana; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; ana.nuno08@imperial.ac.uk; Bunnefeld, Nils; School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling; nils.bunnefeld@stir.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, EJ; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Implementation uncertainty; Institutions; Knowing&amp;#8211; Doing gap; Management strategy evaluation; Protected area management; Serengeti; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological modeling; Social networks; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2014

Changing times, changing stories: generational differences in climate change perspectives from four remote indigenous communities in Subarctic Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Herman-Mercer, Nicole M; National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey; nhmercer@usgs.gov; Matkin, Elli; University of Montana; elli.marie@gmail.com; Laituri, Melinda J; Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University; Geospatial Centroid, Colorado State University; melinda.laituri@colostate.edu; Toohey, Ryan C; Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Climate Science Center; rtoohey@usgs.gov; Massey, Maggie; Science Department, Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council; maggie.cm.massey@gmail.com; Elder, Kelly; Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; kelder@fs.fed.us; Schuster, Paul F.; National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey; pschuste@usgs.gov; Mutter, Edda A.; Science Department, Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council; emutter@yritwc.org.
Indigenous Arctic and Subarctic communities currently are facing a myriad of social and environmental changes. In response to these changes, studies concerning indigenous knowledge (IK) and climate change vulnerability, resiliency, and adaptation have increased dramatically in recent years.  Risks to lives and livelihoods are often the focus of adaptation research; however, the cultural dimensions of climate change are equally important because cultural dimensions inform perceptions of risk.  Furthermore, many Arctic and Subarctic IK climate change studies document observations of change and knowledge of the elders and older generations in a community, but few include the perspectives of the younger population.  These observations by elders and older...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Climate change; Indigenous knowledge; Observation; Perception; Yukon River Basin.
Ano: 2016

Using Artificial Neural Networks for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frey, Ulrich J.; Center for Philosophy and the Foundations of Science, Justus Liebig University; ulifrey@yahoo.com; Rusch, Hannes; Center for Philosophy and the Foundations of Science, Justus Liebig University ; hannes.rusch@tum.de.
The literature on common pool resource (CPR) governance lists numerous factors that influence whether a given CPR system achieves ecological long-term sustainability. Up to now there is no comprehensive model to integrate these factors or to explain success within or across cases and sectors. Difficulties include the absence of large-N studies, the incomparability of single case studies, and the interdependence of factors. We propose (1) a synthesis of 24 success factors based on the current social-ecological systems (SES) framework and a literature review and (2) the application of neural networks on a database of CPR management case studies in an attempt to test the viability of this synthesis.   This method allows us to obtain an implicit quantitative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource; Design principles; Natural resource management; Neural networks; Social-ecological systems framework; Success factors.
Ano: 2013

Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boonstra, Wiebren J; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; wijnand.boonstra@su.se.
My aim is to conceptualize power using social science theory and to demonstrate why and how the concept of power can complement resilience studies and other analyses of social-ecological interaction. Social power as a scientific concept refers to the ability to influence both conduct and context. These two dimensions of power (conduct and context) can be observed by differentiating between various sources of power, including, for example, technology or mental power. The relevance of the conceptualization of power presented here is illustrated with the example of fire as a source of social-ecological power. I conclude by discussing how attention to power can help to address issues of social justice and responsibility in social-ecological interactions.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fire domestication; Power; Resilience; Social responsibility; Social-ecological interactions; Sociology.
Ano: 2016

Ecosystem Services Linking Social and Ecological Systems: River Brownification and the Response of Downstream Stakeholders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tuvendal, Magnus; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; magnus.tuvendal@ecology.su.se; Elmqvist, Thomas; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; thomase@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Brownification; Coping; Ecosystem service; Governance; Resilience; Response strategies; Social-ecological system; Transformation.
Ano: 2011

Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carter, Neil H; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; ncarter@sesync.org; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University; hullvane@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University; mcconn64@msu.edu; Axinn, William; University of Michigan; baxinn@umich.edu; Ghimire, Dirgha; University of Michigan; nepdjg@umich.edu; Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu.
Conserving wildlife while simultaneously meeting the resource needs of a growing human population is a major sustainability challenge. As such, using combined social and environmental perspectives to understand how people and wildlife are interlinked, together with the mechanisms that may weaken or strengthen those linkages, is of utmost importance. However, such integrated information is lacking. To help fill this information gap, we describe an integrated coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) approach for analyzing the patterns, causes, and consequences of changes in wildlife population and habitat, human population and land use, and their interactions. Using this approach, we synthesize research in two sites, Wolong Nature Reserve in China and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Conservation; Endangered species; Interdisciplinary science; Wildlife science.
Ano: 2014

THE BUZZ
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2008

Exploring the Contribution of Fiscal Transfers to Protected Area Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Borie, Maud; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; maud.borie@gmail.com; Mathevet, Rapha&amp;#235;l; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr; Ring, Irene; UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; irene.ring@ufz.de; Thompson, John D.; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; john.thompson@cefe.cnrs.fr.
Biodiversity payments have become an increasingly proposed tool to promote conservation measures. An unexplored issue concerns the potential role of fiscal transfers between the state and infra-national authorities potentially as direct financial incentives for biodiversity conservation. We explore how protected areas can be taken into account in a redistributive fiscal transfer system between the state and local authorities, i.e., municipalities. Different simulations were made in the Mediterranean region of southern France, a major biodiversity hotspot subject to increasing threats. We examined two methods for fiscal transfer: first, a &amp;#8220;per hectare&amp;#8221; method, based on the surface of the protected area within the boundaries of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation policy; Ecological solidarity; Fiscal transfer; Protected areas; Public funding.
Ano: 2014

SMART social science? Examining the nature and role of social scientific expertise in institutional design
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tait, Morgan C; University of Waterloo; m5tait@uwaterloo.ca.
Daniel Bromley argues against Oran Young&amp;#8217;s FIT model as a basis for environmental governance, on the grounds that humans cannot manage nature and that attempts to do so are based on a scientistic, modernist conceit. At issue is the role of natural and social scientists in adjudicating questions about what we ought to do to close governance gaps and address unsustainable behaviors. If Bromley is right, then the lessons of the American pragmatist tradition recommend against attempts to &amp;#8220;fit&amp;#8221; social institutions to the natural world. The first objective of this paper is to argue that Bromley&amp;#8217;s view is not in keeping with the pragmatism of C. S. Peirce and John Dewey, which actually places a high value on natural and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: American pragmatism; Environmental governance; Institutional fit; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of social science; Science and policy; Sustainable development goals.
Ano: 2016

Beyond Dry Feet? Experiences from a Participatory Water-Management Planning Case in The Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lamers, Machiel; International Centre for Integrated Assessment and Sustainable Development (ICIS) - Maastricht University; machiel.lamers@maastrichtuniversity.nl; Ottow, Bouke; Deltares; bouke.ottow@deltares.nl; Francois, Greet; K. U. Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Agricultural and Food Economics/Research group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology; greet.francois@ees.kuleuven.be; von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; yorck.von-korff@lisode.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Participatory planning; Process design; Public participation; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Creating an Adaptive Ecosystem Management Network Among Stakeholders of the Lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Manring, Susan L.; Elon University; Manring@elon.edu; Pearsall, Sam; The Nature Conservancy; sampearsall@tnc.org.
Adaptive ecosystem management (AEM) requires building and managing an interorganizational network of stakeholders to conserve ecosystem integrity while sustaining ecosystem services. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of applying the concepts of interorganizational networks and learning organizations to AEM. A case study of the lower Roanoke River in North Carolina illustrates how an AEM network can evolve to guide stakeholders in creating a shared framework for generative learning, consensus building through collaboration, and decision making. Environmental professionals can use this framework to guide institutional arrangements and to coordinate the systematic development of cohesive interorganizational AEM networks.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive ecosystem management; Stakeholder networks; Virtual organizations; Learning organizations; Negotiations; Multivariate decision making; Institutional power; Leadership.
Ano: 2005

A Multicriteria Risk Analysis to Evaluate Impacts of Forest Management Alternatives on Forest Health in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duncker, Philipp; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Forest Growth;; Gardiner, Barry; Forest Research, Northern Research Station;; Grodzki, Wojciech; Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Management in Mountain Regions;; Langstrom, Bo; The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology;; Netherer, Sigrid; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology, and Forest Protection;; Nicoll, Bruce; Forest Research, Northern Research Station;; Orazio, Christophe; IEFC - EFI Atlantic;; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan; Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra;; Tojic, Karl; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Forest Growth;.
Due to climate change, forests are likely to face new hazards, which may require adaptation of our existing silvicultural practices. However, it is difficult to imagine a forest management approach that can simultaneously minimize all risks of damage. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) has been developed to help decision makers choose between actions that require reaching a compromise among criteria of different weights. We adapted this method and produced a multicriteria risk analysis (MCRA) to compare the risk of damage associated with various forest management systems with a range of management intensity.  The objective was to evaluate the effect of four forest management alternatives (FMAs) (i.e., close to nature, extensive management with combined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Abiotic; Biotic; Damage; Hazard; MCRA; Silviculture.
Ano: 2012

Local perspectives and global archetypes in scenario development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wardropper, Chloe B; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wardropper@wisc.edu; Gillon, Sean; Department of Food Systems and Society, Marylhurst University; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; sgillon@marylhurst.edu; Mase, Amber S; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Mase@wisc.edu; McKinney, Emily A; Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; emily.a.mckinney@gmail.com; Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Rissman, Adena R; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Adena.Rissman@wisc.edu.
Contrasting social-ecological scenarios can help stakeholders envision potential futures and navigate change and uncertainty. Scenario developers integrate stakeholder perceptions into storylines to increase scenario relevance and plausibility while relying on archetypes of change from scenario literature to enrich narratives. This research examines the contributions of local perspectives and global archetypes to scenario development through a case study of a regional scenario project, Yahara 2070, in Wisconsin, USA. Interviews with 50 Yahara watershed stakeholders and 5 members of the project's scenario development team were examined to compare themes from scenario archetypes with local perspectives on how change is expected to occur. We next examined how...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Scenario archetypes; Scenario development; Social and environmental change; Stakeholder perspectives; Watershed futures.
Ano: 2016

The human health and conservation relevance of food taboos in northeastern Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Golden, Christopher D.; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health; Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health and Health Policy, HEAL (Health &amp; Ecosystems: Analysis of Linkages) Program; golden@hsph.harvard.edu; Comaroff, Jean; Harvard University, Departments of African and African American Studies and Anthropology; jeancomaroff@fas.harvard.edu.
Anthropologists and ecologists investigating the dialectical relationship between human environments and the cultural practices that shape and are shaped by them have been talking past each other for too long: the one looking purely at metaphor and the other purely at function. Our mixed-method data analysis set out to explore whether it was possible to determine empirically the human health and conservation value of the local Malagasy taboo system. This involved qualitative examination of the content of taboo origin stories collected through ethnographic approaches, when the story was remembered. The ethnographic substance of these stories included historicizing events, accounts of symptoms associated with breaching taboos, and incentives for abiding by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Allergies; Betsimisaraka; Bushmeat; Hunting; Traditional epidemiological knowledge; Traditional etiological knowledge; Tsimihety; Wildlife; Zoonotic disease.
Ano: 2015

Trust and Intention to Comply with a Water Allocation Decision: The Moderating Roles of Knowledge and Consistency
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hamm, Joseph A.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; jhamm@unl.edu; PytlikZillig, Lisa M.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; lpytlikzillig2@unl.edu; Herian, Mitchel N.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; mnherian@nebraska.edu; Tomkins, Alan J.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; atomkins@unl.edu; Dietrich, Hannah; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Center on Children, Families, and the Law, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; hdietrich@ccfl.unl.edu; Michaels, Sarah; Department of Political Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center ; michaels2@unl.edu.
Regulating water resources is a critically important yet increasingly complex component of the interaction between ecology and society. Many argue that effective water regulation relies heavily upon the compliance of water users. The relevant literature suggests that, rather than relying on external motivators for individual compliance, e.g., punishments and rewards, it is preferable to focus on internal motivators, including trust in others. Although prior scholarship has resulted in contemporary institutional efforts to increase public trust, these efforts are hindered by a lack of evidence regarding the specific situations in which trust, in its various forms, most effectively increases compliance. We report the results of an experiment designed to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Human dimensions of natural resource management; Procedural justice; Trust; Water allocation.
Ano: 2013

Resilience Pivots: Stability and Identity in a Social-Ecological-Cultural System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rotarangi, Stephanie J.; University of Otago;; Stephenson, Janet; University of Otago; janet.stephenson@otago.ac.nz.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural resilience; Ecological resilience; Forestry; Identity; New Zealand Maori; Resilience; Social resilience; Stability.
Ano: 2014

Sustaining Aquatic Ecosystems in Boreal Regions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schindler, David; University of Alberta; d.schindler@ualberta.ca.
Few boreal waters are managed in a sustainable manner, because cumulative effects of a variety of human activities are not considered. Fisheries and water quality have declined in most large water bodies of the southern boreal zone. Some of the reasons are direct, including overexploitation of fisheries, alteration of flow patterns, introductions of non-native species, and discharge of eutrophying nutrients and persistent contaminants. However, improper management of watersheds and airsheds also causes degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Clear-cut logging, climatic warming, acid precipitation, and stratospheric ozone depletion are among the more important of these indirect stressors. There are important interactions among these stressors, requiring that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric stressors; Aquatic ecosystems; Biodiversity of streams and lakes; Boreal ecosystems; Clear-cutting; Cumulative effects; Ecological invasions; Fisheries; Indigenous peoples; Land-water interactions; Sustainable development; Watershed management.
Ano: 1998

Three necessary conditions for establishing effective Sustainable Development Goals in the Anthropocene
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dannenberg, Astrid; The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; ad2901@columbia.edu; McCarney, Geoff; The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; grm2119@columbia.edu; Milkoreit, Manjana; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; manjana@mac.com; Diekert, Florian; Dept. of Economics, University of Oslo, Norway; NoRMER/CEES, Dept. of Biology, University of Oslo, Norway; f.k.diekert@ibv.uio.no; Fishman, Ram; Dept. of Economics, George Washington University, USA; Rfishman@gwu.edu; Gars, Johan; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Sweden; johan.gars@beijer.kva.se; Kyriakopoolou, Efthymia; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; efi.kyriakopoulou@economics.gu.se; Manoussi, Vassiliki; Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece; amanousi@aueb.gr; Meng, Kyle; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; kylemeng@gmail.com; Metian, Marc; Radioecology Laboratory, IAEA Environment Laboratories, Monaco; m.metian@iaea.org; Sanctuary, Mark; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Sweden; mark.sanctuary@ivl.se; Schoon, Michael; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; lisen.schultz@stockholmresilience.su.se.
The purpose of the United Nations-guided process to establish Sustainable Development Goals is to galvanize governments and civil society to rise to the interlinked environmental, societal, and economic challenges we face in the Anthropocene. We argue that the process of setting Sustainable Development Goals should take three key aspects into consideration. First, it should embrace an integrated social-ecological system perspective and acknowledge the key dynamics that such systems entail, including the role of ecosystems in sustaining human wellbeing, multiple cross-scale interactions, and uncertain thresholds. Second, the process needs to address trade-offs between the ambition of goals and the feasibility in reaching them, recognizing biophysical,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Social change; Social-ecological systems; Sustainable Development Goals; Transformations.
Ano: 2014

Sustainable Biomass Energy and Indigenous Cultural Models of Well-being in an Alaska Forest Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sikka, Munish; Former Student at University of Oxford; sikka.munish@gmail.com; Thornton, Thomas F.; Senior Research Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; thomas.thornton@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Forest ecosystems; Indigenous communities; Native corporations; Policy recommendations; Sustainable development; Triple bottom line analysis; Wood-biomass energy.
Ano: 2013

Development and Use of a Bioeconomic Model for Management of Mussel Fisheries under Different Nutrient Regimes in the Temperate Estuary of the Limfjord, Denmark
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Timmermann, Karen; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; kti@dmu.dk; Dinesen, Grete E.; Section for Coastal Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Science, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark; gdi@aqua.dtu.dk; Markager, Stiig; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; markager@dmu.dk; Ravn-Jonsen, Lars; Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; lrj@sam.sdu.dk; Bassompierre, Marc; Novo Nordisk A/S, Kalundborg, Denmark; mbass@post9.tele.dk; Roth, Eva; Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; er@sam.sdu.dk.
Coastal ecosystems worldwide are under pressure from human-induced nutrient inputs, fishing activities,  mariculture, construction work, and climate change. Integrated management instruments handling one or more of these problems in combination with socioeconomic issues are therefore necessary to secure a sustainable use of resources. In the Limfjord, a temperate eutrophic estuary in Denmark, nutrient load reductions are necessary to fulfill EU regulations such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The expected outcome of these load reductions is an improved water quality, but also reduced production of the abundant stock of filter-feeding blue mussels, Mytilus edulis. This is expected to have significant economic consequences for the million-euro mussel...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Decision support system; Ecological-socioeconomic model; Eutrophication; Mussel production; Nutrient loading; Predictive models; System-based management; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2014

The Challenge of Regulating Private Wildlife Ranches for Conservation in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cousins, Jenny A.; School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester; jenny_cousins@hotmail.com; Sadler, Jon P.; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester;; Evans, James; School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester;.
We address the new attempts at regulating wildlife ranches on private land in South Africa.  Although positive conservation impacts can be attributed to private wildlife ranching, there are a number of ecological consequences that often arise as a result of economic priorities. We present and analyze new national regulations aimed at coordinating provincial legislation and guiding the wildlife industry in a more conservationist direction, and examine tensions that have arisen between different sociopolitical scales as a result. Data were obtained through a desk-based study of legal documents and interviews with key stakeholders. The new regulations begin to address international obligations and national policy on biodiversity conservation by potentially...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation regulation; Private wildlife ranches; South Africa; Stakeholder views.
Ano: 2010

Plausible Stories or Tall Tales?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harron, Donald Earl; ; deharron@hotmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Linear corridors; Model; Seismic lines; Woodland caribou.
Ano: 2007

Innovation, Cooperation, and the Perceived Benefits and Costs of Sustainable Agriculture Practices
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lubell, Mark ; UC Davis; mnlubell@ucdavis.edu; Hillis, Vicken; UC Davis; avhillis@ucdavis.edu; Hoffman, Matthew; UC Davis; mbhoffman@ucdavis.edu.
A central goal of most sustainable agriculture programs is to encourage growers to adopt practices that jointly provide economic, environmental, and social benefits. Using surveys of outreach professionals and wine grape growers, we quantify the perceived costs and benefits of sustainable viticulture practices recommended by sustainability outreach and certification programs.  We argue that the mix of environmental benefits, economic benefits, and economic costs determine whether or not a particular practice involves decisions about innovation or cooperation.  Decision making is also affected by the overall level of knowledge regarding different practices, and we show that knowledge gaps are an increasing function of cost and a decreasing function of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Innovation; Knowledge networks; Resilience; Sustainability; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2011

The Fate of Coho Salmon Nomads: The Story of an Estuarine-Rearing Strategy Promoting Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Koski, K V.; The Nature Conservancy Alaska Field Office, Juneau, Alaska, USA; kkoski@tnc.org.
The downstream movement of coho salmon nomads (age 0), conventionally considered surplus fry, has been an accepted characteristic of juvenile coho salmon for the past 40 to 50 yr. The fate of these nomads, however, was not known and they were assumed to perish in the ocean. Several studies and observations have recently provided new insights into the fate of nomads and the role of the stream-estuary ecotone and estuary in developing this life history strategy that promotes coho resilience. Chinook and sockeye salmon have developed the ocean-type life-history strategy to exploit the higher productivity of the estuarine environment and migrate to the ocean at age 0. Nomad coho can acclimate to brackish water, and survive and grow well in the stream-estuary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Age 0; Alaska; Coho salmon; Estuaries; Fry; Life history strategy; Nomads; Resilience; Restoration; Smolts; Stream-estuary ecotone.
Ano: 2009

Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system identity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andrachuk, Mark; University of Waterloo; Environmental Change and Governance Group; mandrach@uwaterloo.ca; Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; Environmental Change and Governance Group; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca.
We developed an empirical approach to consider social-ecological system change and transformation by drawing on resource users&amp;#8217;  knowledge and perceptions. We applied this approach in the Cau Hai lagoon, a coastal area dominated by small-scale fisheries in central Vietnam. Nine focus groups with more than 70 fishers were used to gather information about key social-ecological system elements and interactions, historical social-ecological dynamics, and possible thresholds between distinct social-ecological system identities. The patterns of change in livelihoods and resource exploitation in the Cau Hai lagoon are similar to those seen in other coastal lagoon and small-scale fishery contexts. Our findings show some promise for the use of local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Environmental change; Governance; Local knowledge systems; Perceptions; Resilience; Small scale fisheries; Social-ecological transformations.
Ano: 2015

Hydrological and economic effects of oil palm cultivation in Indonesian peatlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sumarga, Elham; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung; elham@sith.itb.ac.id; Hein, Lars; Environmental System Analysis Group, Wageningen University; lars.hein@wur.nl; Hooijer, Aljosja; Deltares; Aljosja.Hooijer@deltares.nl; Vernimmen, Ronald; Deltares; Ronald.Vernimmen@deltares.nl.
Oil palm has increasingly been established on peatlands throughout Indonesia. One of the concerns is that the drainage required for cultivating oil palm in peatlands leads to soil subsidence, potentially increasing future flood risks. This study analyzes the hydrological and economic effects of oil palm production in a peat landscape in Central Kalimantan. We examine two land use scenarios, one involving conversion of the complete landscape including a large peat area to oil palm plantations, and another involving mixed land use including oil palm plantations, jelutung (jungle rubber; (Dyera spp.) plantations, and natural forest. The hydrological effect was analyzed through flood risk modeling using a high-resolution digital elevation model. For the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Flood risk modeling; Indonesia; Jelutung; Oil palm; Peat.
Ano: 2016

Perception-based Methods to Evaluate Conservation Impact in Forests Managed Through Popular Participation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lund, Jens F; University of Copenhagen; jens@life.ku.dk; Balooni, Kulbhushan; Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode; kbalooni@yahoo.com; Puri, Lila; Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University; lpu@life.ku.dk.
We reviewed construct validity in perception-based methods assessing status and/or trend of forest condition as applied in 19 empirical studies that evaluated the conservation impact of popular participation in forest management. Perception-based methods focus on eliciting peoples&amp;#8217; assessment of the status and/or trend in forest condition or indicators of forest condition through interviews, surveys, or participatory rural appraisal techniques. We found that individual studies generally did not attend to the issue of construct validity in relation to each particular approach to perception-based assessment of status and/or trend in forest condition. Furthermore, the studies provided very little documentation of the construct validity of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Forest; Impact; Local ecological knowledge; Validity.
Ano: 2010

Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Context of Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
The concept of payments for ecosystem services (PES) has recently emerged as a promising tool for enhancing or safeguarding the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Although the concept has been extensively scrutinized in terms of its potential positive and negative impacts on the poor in developing countries, less attention has been paid to examining the role of PES in the context of adaptation to climate change. PES has some potential to contribute to adaptation to climate change, but there are also risks that it could undermine adaptation efforts. In order to maximize synergies and minimize trade-offs between PES and adaptation, it is important that the conceptual links between both are made explicit. The present article presents the main conceptual...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Payments for ecosystem services; Payments for environmental services; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2012

Social-ecological systems, social diversity, and power: insights from anthropology and political ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fabinyi, Michael; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; michael.fabinyi@jcu.edu.au; Evans, Louisa; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Foale, Simon J; Department of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University; simon.foale@jcu.edu.au.
A social-ecological system (SES) framework increasingly underpins the &amp;#8220;resilience paradigm.&amp;#8221; As with all models, the SES comes with particular biases. We explore these key biases. We critically examine how the SES resilience literature has attempted to define and analyze the social arena. We argue that much SES literature defines people&amp;#8217;s interests and livelihoods as concerned primarily with the environment, and thereby underplays the role of other motivations and social institutions. We also highlight the SES resilience literature&amp;#8217;s focus on institutions and organized social units, which misses key aspects of social diversity and power. Our key premise is the importance of inter- and multi-disciplinary perspectives....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Political ecology; Power; Social diversity; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014

Seed Exchange as an Agrobiodiversity Conservation Mechanism. A Case Study in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catalonia; Home gardens; In situ conservation; Local landraces; Social network analysis; Spain; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2012

An End and a Beginning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Adaptive Comanagement and Its Relationship to Environmental Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca; Armitage, Derek R; University of Waterloo, Canada; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca; de Lo&amp;#235;, Rob C; University of Waterloo, Canada; rdeloe@uwaterloo.ca.
We provide a systematic review of the adaptive comanagement (ACM) literature to (i) investigate how the concept of governance is considered and (ii) examine what insights ACM offers with reference to six key concerns in environmental governance literature: accountability and legitimacy; actors and roles; fit, interplay, and scale; adaptiveness, flexibility, and learning; evaluation and monitoring; and, knowledge. Findings from the systematic review uncover a complicated relationship with evidence of conceptual closeness as well as relational ambiguities. The findings also reveal several specific contributions from the ACM literature to each of the six key environmental governance concerns, including applied strategies for sharing power and responsibility...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Adaptive governance; Environmental governance; Integrated management; Multilevel governance; Resilience; Systematic review.
Ano: 2013

A New Paradigm for Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Felton, Adam; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; adam.felton@slu.se; Rosvall, Ola; Rosvall Forest Consulting AB; Ola.rosvall@gmail.com.
Uncertainty is a pervasive feature in natural resource management. Adaptive management, an approach that focuses on identifying critical uncertainties to be reduced via diagnostic management experiments, is one favored approach for tackling this reality. While adaptive management is identified as a key method in the environmental management toolbox, there remains a lack of clarity over when its use is appropriate or feasible. Its implementation is often viewed as suitable only in a limited set of circumstances. Here we restructure some of the ideas supporting this view, and show why much of the pessimism around AM may be unwarranted. We present a new framework for deciding when AM is appropriate, feasible, and subsequently successful. We thus present a new...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Experimental management; Experimentation; Management; Natural resource; Participation; Stakeholder; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Predicting hunter behavior of indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon: insights from a household production model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Maldonado, Jorge H; CEDE - Department of Economics, Universidad de los Andes; jmaldona@uniandes.edu.co.
Many indigenous communities living in the Amazon rely on hunting and fishing to meet the majority of their protein needs. Despite the importance of these practices, few studies from the region have analyzed the socioeconomic drivers of hunting and fishing at the household level. We propose a household production model to assess the effect of key economic parameters on hunting and fishing in small indigenous communities located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, whose principal source of protein is derived from hunting and fishing. The model was validated using empirical data from two communities that reflect different levels of market integration and forest conservation. Demand and supply functions were generated from household data gathered over 19 months....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Economic model; Ecuador; Fishing; Food security; Hunting.
Ano: 2015

Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wright, Stuart Joseph; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; wrightj@si.edu; Samaniego, Mirna Julieta; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; samaniem@si.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural income; Agriculture; Cattle; Deforestation; Forest transition; Land cover; Pasture; Plantation; Reforestation; Tropical forest.
Ano: 2008

A Policy Analysis Perspective on Ecological Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baker, Susan; Cardiff School of Social Sciences/Sustainable Places Institute, Cardiff University; BakerSCM@cardiff.ac.uk.
Using a simple stages model of the policy process, we explore the politics of ecological restoration using an array of examples drawn across sector, different size and scale, and from different countries. A policy analysis perspective reveals how, at both the program and project levels, ecological restoration operates within a complex and dynamic interplay between technical decision making, ideologies, and interest politics. Viewed through the stages model, restoration policy involves negotiating nature across stages in the policy making process, including agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The stages model is a useful heuristic devise; however, this linear model assumes that policy makers approach the issue rationally. In...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Interests and values; Policy cycle; Stages model.
Ano: 2013

Altered Ecological Flows Blur Boundaries in Urbanizing Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lookingbill, Todd R; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; tlooking@richmond.edu; Kaushal, Sujay S; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Elmore, Andrew J; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Gardner, Robert; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Eshleman, Keith N; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Hilderbrand, Robert H; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Morgan, Raymond P; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Boynton, Walter R; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Palmer, Margaret A; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Dennison, William C; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;.
The relevance of the boundary concept to ecological processes has been recently questioned. Humans in the post-industrial era have created novel lateral transport fluxes that have not been sufficiently considered in watershed studies. We describe patterns of land-use change within the Potomac River basin and demonstrate how these changes have blurred traditional ecosystem boundaries by increasing the movement of people, materials, and energy into and within the basin.  We argue that this expansion of ecological commerce requires new science, monitoring, and management strategies focused on large rivers and suggest that traditional geopolitical and economic boundaries for environmental decision making be appropriately revised. Effective mitigation of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Catchment ecology; Chesapeake Bay; Interdisciplinary science; Large river; Potomac River; Restoration; Urban metabolism.
Ano: 2009

A Near-extinction Event in Lynx: Do Microsatellite Data Tell the Tale?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spong, Goran; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; goran.spong@ebc.uu.se; Hellborg, Linda; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; linda.hellborg@ebc.uu.se.
Fluctuations in population size can have a profound impact on effective population size and the maintenance of genetic variation within a population. A number of tests based on microsatellite data have been developed for the detection of bottleneck events in a population's past. In this paper, we search for signs of a bottleneck in microsatellite data on the Scandinavian lynx (Lynx lynx) population. This population was hunted to the brink of extinction, with fewer than 100 animals (one estimate was as low as 30 individuals) remaining in the late 1920s. Protection allowed recovery of the population, which currently numbers about 2000 adults. Despite this pronounced demographic bottleneck (more than 95% of the population was killed), we could find no...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bottleneck; Conservation; Extinction; Genetic testing; Lynx; Microsatellite data; Population history; Scandinavia.
Ano: 2002

How is global climate policy interpreted on the ground? Insights from the analysis of local discourses about forest management and REDD+ in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milne, Sarah; Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University; sarah.milne@anu.edu.au; Milne, Mary; Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University; milne_mary@hotmail.com; Nurfatriani, Fitri; Research and Development Centre of Social Economic Policy and Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia; nurfatriani@yahoo.com; Tacconi, Luca; Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University; luca.tacconi@anu.edu.au.
The implementation of &amp;#8220;reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation&amp;#8221; (REDD+) will inevitably be affected by local social and political dynamics, with the potential for success depending significantly on cooperation from a range of stakeholders at the subnational level. Building on recent critical research on REDD+, we look at how global policy is interpreted locally by actors who are likely to be involved in REDD+ implementation. We do this by examining local stakeholder perceptions of REDD+ and forest management in two contrasting provinces of Indonesia, Riau and Papua, where deforestation rates are high and low, respectively. Using data collected from stakeholder workshops, we conduct a discourse analysis that reveals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Discourse; Environmental politics; Indonesia; REDD+.
Ano: 2016

From local scenarios to national maps: a participatory framework for envisioning the future of Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Capitani, Claudia; York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York; claudia.capitani@york.ac.uk; Mukama, Kusaga; WWF Tanzania, Forest Programme; egomtimba@yahoo.co.uk; Mbilinyi, Boniface; Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning, Sokoine University of Agriculture; mbly_sua@yahoo.com; Malugu, Isaac O.; WWF Tanzania, Forest Programme; imalugu@wwftz.org; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.; Department of Forest Biology, Sokoine University of Agriculture; pmunishi2001@yahoo.com; Burgess, Neil D; UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre; CMEC, The Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen; Neil.Burgess@unep-wcmc.org; Platts, Philip J.; Department of Biology, University of York; philip.platts@york.ac.uk; Sallu, Susannah M; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; s.sallu@leeds.ac.uk; Marchant, Robert; York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York; Robert.Marchant@york.ac.uk.
Tackling societal and environmental challenges requires new approaches that connect top-down global oversight with bottom-up subnational knowledge. We present a novel framework for participatory development of spatially explicit scenarios at national scale that model socioeconomic and environmental dynamics by reconciling local stakeholder perspectives and national spatial data. We illustrate results generated by this approach and evaluate its potential to contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between development pathways and sustainability.   Using the lens of land use and land cover changes, and engaging 240 stakeholders representing subnational (seven forest management zones) and the national level, we applied the framework to assess...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coupled human-natural system; Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Land use and land cover change; REDD+; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2016

Periodic Closures as Adaptive Coral Reef Management in the Indo-Pacific
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinner, Josh; James Cook University; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Marnane, Michael J; Wildlife Conservation Society;; McClanahan, Timothy R; Wildlife Conservation Society; tmcclanahan@wcs.org; Almany, Glenn R.; James Cook University;.
This study explores the social, economic, and ecological context within which communities in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia use adaptive coral reef management. We tested whether periodic closures had positive effects on reef resources, and found that both the biomass and the average size of fishes commonly caught in Indo-Pacific subsistence fisheries were greater inside areas subject to periodic closures compared to sites with year-round open access. Surprisingly, both long-lived and short-lived species benefited from periodic closures. Our study sites were remote communities that shared many socioeconomic characteristics; these may be crucial to the effectiveness of adaptive management of reef resources through periodic closures. Some of these factors...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Coral reefs; Socioeconomic; Periodic closures; Traditional management; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2006

Compromised Rivers: Understanding Historical Human Impacts on Rivers in the Context of Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wohl, Ellen; Colorado State University; ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: River restoration; Colorado Front Range; Historical land use.
Ano: 2005

In Memory of Mavericks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Lee, Michelle; The Resilience Alliance; mlee@ecologyandsociety.org; Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Dealing with change and uncertainty within the regulatory frameworks for flood defense infrastructure in selected European countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School of Law, The Netherlands; w.j.hoekveld@uu.nl; Priest, Sally; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, UK; s.priest@mdx.ac.uk.
Whereas existing literature on the interactions among law, adaptive governance, and resilience in the water sector often focuses on quality or supply issues, this paper addresses adaptation in national water laws in relation to increasing flood risks. In particular, this paper analyzes the extent to which legal rules governing flood defense infrastructure in a selection of European countries (England, France, Sweden, and The Netherlands) allow for response and adaptation to change and uncertainty. Although there is evidence that the legal rules on the development of new infrastructure require that changing conditions be considered, the adaptation of existing infrastructure is a more complicated matter. Liability rules fail to adequately address damages...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Flood defense; Flood risk; Flood risk management; Water law.
Ano: 2016

Local perceptions on social-ecological dynamics in Latin America in three community-based natural resource management systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Several examples of community-based natural resource management in Latin American social-ecological systems exist in which communities control the management of common-pool resources. Understanding community perceptions of the performance of these systems is essential to involve communities in sustainable management strategies. In this analysis of three areas in Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina, we analyzed the local perceptions of the social and environmental challenges faced by these social-ecological systems and how these challenges and drivers affect their resilience. To do this, we combined prospective structural analysis to unravel stakeholders&amp;#8217; perceptions of each system&amp;#8217;s functioning along with network analysis to assess...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Colombia; Common-pool resources; Environmental challenges; Governance; Mexico; Network analysis; Ostrom; Prospective structural analysis; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2015

Comparing Global Coordination Mechanisms on Energy, Environment, and Water
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schubert, Susanne; ; s.schubert@iwar.tu-darmstadt.de; Gupta, Joyeeta ; ; joyeeta.gupta@ivm.vu.nl.
Increasingly, coordination mechanisms are being created at the United Nations (UN) level to enhance system-wide synergies; however, there is relatively little scientific research on these bodies. Against this background, we compare the mandates, structures, and outputs of three UN coordination mechanisms, the UN Environment Management Group, UN-Energy, and UN-Water, to understand what features enhance their ability to coordinate. We conclude that there are three key design elements that possibly enhance the ability of such mechanisms to coordinate. However, although coordination mechanisms are the easiest to set up, because they create the least political upheaval and are relatively cheap, these very characteristics hinder their ability to actually steer...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coordination mechanism; Global energy governance; Global environmental governance; Global water governance; United Nations; UN-Water.
Ano: 2013

The role of game mammals as bushmeat In the Caatinga, northeast Brazil
Provedor de dados: 7
Although the use of wild mammals as a source of food has been better studied in tropical forest environments, their importance as a source of protein for human communities in semiarid environments is little known. In the latter, the availability of wild animal meat is limited in comparison to other environments. In the semiarid regions of northeastern Brazil, hunting wild mammals for their meat is traditional, playing a crucial role in the livelihoods and food security of various rural and urban communities, especially during the annual drought seasons. In this study, we investigated the role of wild mammals as bushmeat in 10 communities within the Caatinga biome in northeast Brazil. We used key-informant interviews, household surveys, and questionnaires...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ethnozoology; Hunting practices; Local ecological knowledge; Mammals; Semiarid region.
Ano: 2016

A Classification of Collaborative Management Methods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blumenthal, Dana M; University of Minnesota; dblumenthal@npa.ars.usda.gov; Jannink, Jean-Luc; University of Minnesota; jjannink@iastate.edu.
Collaboration among multiple stakeholders can be crucial to the success of natural resource management. In recent years, a wide variety of methods have been developed to facilitate such collaboration. Because these methods are relatively new and come from different disciplines, little attention has been paid to drawing comparisons among them. Thus, it is very difficult for potential users to sort through the increasingly large literature regarding such methods. We suggest the use of a consistent framework for comparing collaborative management methods, and develop such a framework based on five criteria: participation, institutional analysis, simplification of the natural resource, spatial scale, and stages in the process of natural resource management. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agriculture; Agroecosystem analysis; Collaboration; Ecosystem management; Natural resource management; Participatory rural appraisal; Rapid rural appraisal; Soft systems analysis.
Ano: 2000

Value of traditional oral narratives in building climate-change resilience: insights from rural communities in Fiji
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janif, Shaiza Z.; Research Office, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands; shaiza.janif@usp.ac.fj; Nunn, Patrick D.; Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; pnunn@usc.edu.au; Geraghty, Paul; School of Language, Arts and Media, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands; Department of Linguistics, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia; paul.geraghty@usp.ac.fj; Aalbersberg, William; Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands; william.aalbersberg@usp.ac.fj; Thomas, Frank R.; Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands; frank.r.thomas@usp.ac.fj; Camailakeba, Mereoni; Fiji Museum, Suva, Fiji Islands; camailakeba@gmail.com.
In the interests of improving engagement with Pacific Island communities to enable development of effective and sustainable adaptation strategies to climate change, we looked at how traditional oral narratives in rural/peripheral Fiji communities might be used to inform such strategies.  Interviews were undertaken and observations made in 27 communities; because the custodians of traditional knowledge were targeted, most interviewees were 70-79 years old.  The view that oral traditions, particularly those referring to environmental history and the observations/precursors of environmental change, were endangered was widespread and regretted.  Interviewees&amp;#8217; personal experiences of extreme events (natural disasters) were commonplace but no...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Community; Fiji; Oral traditions; Pacific Islands; Resilience; Rural.
Ano: 2016

Long-Term Fire Regime Estimated from Soil Charcoal in Coastal Temperate Rainforests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lertzman, Ken; Simon Fraser University; lertzman@sfu.ca; Gavin, Daniel; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; dgavin@life.uiuc.edu; Hallett, Douglas; Center for Environmental Sciences &amp; Quaternary Sciences Program, Northern Arizon; Douglas.Hallett@NAU.EDU; Brubaker, Linda; College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; lbru@u.washington.edu; Lepofsky, Dana; Simon Fraser University; dlepofsk@sfu.ca; Mathewes, Rolf; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University; mathewes@sfu.ca.
Coastal temperate rainforests from southeast Alaska through to southern Oregon are ecologically distinct from forests of neighboring regions, which have a drier, or more continental, climate and disturbance regimes dominated by fires. The long-term role of fire remains one of the key outstanding sources of uncertainty in the historical dynamics of the wetter and less seasonal forests that dominate the northerly two thirds of the rainforest region in British Columbia and Alaska. Here, we describe the long-term fire regime in two forests on the south coast of British Columbia by means of 244 AMS radiocarbon dates of charcoal buried in forest soils. In both forests, some sites have experienced no fire over the last 6000 years and many other sites have...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Clayoquot Sound; Fraser Valley; Coastal temperate rainforests; Fire intervals; Long-term fire regime; Soil carbon storage; Soil charcoal; Sub-alpine forest; Time-since-fire.
Ano: 2002

Tropical Forest Reorganization after Cyclone and Fire Disturbance in Samoa: Remnant Trees as Biological Legacies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University; thomase@system.ecology.su.se; Wall, Maria; Stockholm University; fredwall@club-internet.fr; Berggren, Anna-Lena; Stockholm University; Anna-Lena.Berggren@o.lst.se; Blix, Lisa; Stockholm University; lisa.blix@lrf.se; Rinman, Ulrika; Stockholm University; ulrika.rinman@sjv.se.
In disturbed rain forests, large, living remnant trees may be of significant importance for  postdisturbance reorganization either directly, by producing large quantities of seeds, or indirectly, by attracting vertebrate seed dispersers. In addition, remnant trees may also be important in providing a favorable microhabitat for seedlings of late-successional species. This study focused on the role of large remnant trees (&amp;gt; 40 cm dbh) in patterns of regeneration after cyclone and fire damage in the Tafua and Falealupo Rain Forest Preserves, Savai&amp;iacute;, Samoa. At Tafua, 10 large trees at each of two sites (one site burned in 1990) were investigated with regard to numbers of species and densities of plants from three different size classes at...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological legacies; Cyclone; Fire; Rain forest; Remnant trees; Reorganization; Vertebrate dispersal.
Ano: 2001

Assessing an Adaptive Cycle in a Social System under External Pressure to Change: the Importance of Intergroup Relations in Recreational Fisheries Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Connectedness; Content analysis; East Germany; Intergroup relation theory; Potential; Recreational fisheries; Social system.
Ano: 2011

Interhousehold variability and its effects on seed circulation networks: a case study from northern Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
We present a detailed ethnographic case study of sorghum seed acquisitions in a smallholder farming society in northern Cameroon. The effects of variability in household demographics and socioeconomic status on observed patterns of seed provisioning are explored alongside other variables such as age and gender. Our data set comprised 223 seed acquisition events. Independence tests (Pearson&amp;#8217;s chi-square and Fisher&amp;#8217;s exact tests) were carried out to test for significant dependencies between individual- or household-level characteristics and properties of seed acquisition events (categories of seed source, social relationship of exchange, and type of landrace). Results indicate that wealth is a structuring factor of the local seed...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Crop diversity; Interhousehold variability; Masa; Northern Cameroon; Seed exchange networks; Social network analysis; Sorghum.
Ano: 2016

Butterfly Species Richness Patterns in Canada: Energy, Heterogeneity, and the Potential Consequences of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kerr, Jeremy T; University of Oxford; Jeremy.Kerr@CCRS.NRCan.gc.ca.
The distributions of most pollinator species are poorly documented despite their importance in providing ecosystem services. While these and other organisms are threatened by many aspects of the human enterprise, anthropogenic climate change is potentially the most severe threat to pollinator biodiversity. Mounting evidence demonstrates that there have already been biotic responses to the relatively small climate changes that have occurred this century. These include wholesale shifts of relatively well-documented butterfly and bird species in Europe and North America. Although studies of such phenomena are supported by circumstantial evidence, their findings are also consistent with predictions derived from current models of spatial patterns of species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Butterflies; Climate change; Habitat heterogeneity; Land cover; Latitudinal gradients; Pollinator; Species richness; Species richness-energy theory.
Ano: 2001

Adaptive Ecosystem Management in the Pacific Northwest: a Case Study from Coastal Oregon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gray, Andrew N; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; agray01@fs.fed.us.
Adaptive ecosystem management has been adopted as a goal for decision making by several of the land management and regulatory agencies of the U.S. government. One of the first attempts to implement ecosystem management was undertaken on the federally managed forests of the Pacific Northwest in 1994. In addition to a network of reserve areas intended to restore habitat for late-successional terrestrial and aquatic species, "adaptive management areas" (AMAs) were established. These AMAs were intended to be focal areas for implementing innovative methods of ecological conservation and restoration and meeting economic and social goals. This paper analyzes the primary ecological, social, and institutional issues of concern to one AMA in the Coast Range in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Adaptive management area; Ecosystem management; Forest ecology; Landscape ecology; Models; Monitoring; Old-growth forest; Public involvement.
Ano: 2000

Synchronous failure: the emerging causal architecture of global crisis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Homer-Dixon, Thomas; Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo, Canada; tfhomer@uwaterloo.ca; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Land and Water, Australia; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Biggs, Reinette; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; oonsie.biggs@su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Lambin, Eric F.; Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Belgium; School of Earth, Energy &amp; Environmental Sciences and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, United States; elambin@stanford.edu; Peterson, Garry D.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; garry.peterson@su.se; Scheffer, Marten; Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Steffen, Will; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia; will.steffen@anu.edu.au; Troell, Max; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; max@beijer.kva.se.
Recent global crises reveal an emerging pattern of causation that could increasingly characterize the birth and progress of future global crises. A conceptual framework identifies this pattern&amp;#8217;s deep causes, intermediate processes, and ultimate outcomes. The framework shows how multiple stresses can interact within a single social-ecological system to cause a shift in that system&amp;#8217;s behavior, how simultaneous shifts of this kind in several largely discrete social-ecological systems can interact to cause a far larger intersystemic crisis, and how such a larger crisis can then rapidly propagate across multiple system boundaries to the global scale. Case studies of the 2008-2009 financial-energy and food-energy crises illustrate the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Conventional oil; Financial system; Global crisis; Grain supply; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2015

Learning for resilience in the European Court of Human Rights: adjudication as an adaptive governance practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: West, Simon P; Stockholm Resilience Centre; simon.west@su.se; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre; lisen.schultz@su.se.
Managing for social-ecological resilience requires ongoing learning. In the context of nonlinear dynamics, surprise, and uncertainty, resilience scholars have proposed adaptive management, in which policies and management actions are treated as experiments, as one way of encouraging learning. However, the implementation of adaptive management has been problematic. The legal system has been identified as an impediment to adaptive management, with its apparent prioritization of certainty over flexibility, emphasis on checks and balances, protection of individual rights over public interests, and its search for &amp;#8220;transcendent justice&amp;#8221; over &amp;#8220;contingent truth.&amp;#8221; However, although adaptive management may encourage learning...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Law; Learning; Resilience; Rights.
Ano: 2015

Stakeholders in Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noon, Barry R; Colorado State University; brnoon@cnr.colostate.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Path Dependence, Escaping Sustained Yield
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Henderson, Bill; Sunshine Coast Forest Watch; bhenderson@dccnet.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

The role of public education in governance for resilience in a rapidly changing Arctic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cost, Douglas S; University of Alaska Fairbanks; dscost@alaska.edu.
Education and learning possess powerful potential in affecting future resilience and sustainable states. Here, I focus on unpacking and examining the connections and feedbacks between social-environmental systems (SESs), resilience, and compulsory education. SESs have been problematized as frequently having a poor fit between environmental change and policy solutions. The last few decades have witnessed global recognition of climate change in the Arctic. This has led to discussion and debate over the role of schools in addressing local knowledge, environmental changes, and community priorities. In Alaska, USA, and other Arctic regions, the role of public schools in improving this fit has been largely overlooked. I hypothesize that, as extensions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Governance; Public education; Resilience; Rural schools; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Deforestation and the Social Impacts of Soy for Biodiesel: Perspectives of Farmers in the South Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Skutsch, Margaret; Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; mskutsch@ciga.unam.mx.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Biodiesel; Deforestation; Family farmers; Social impacts; Soy.
Ano: 2011

The Interplay of Well-being and Resilience in Applying a Social-Ecological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca; Charles, Anthony T; Saint Mary's University; Tony.Charles@SMU.CA; Johnson, Derek; University of Manitoba; derek_johnson@umanitoba.ca; Allison, Edward H; The WorldFish Center and the University of East Anglia; e.allison@cgiar.org.
Innovative combinations of social and ecological theory are required to deal with complexity and change in human-ecological systems. We examined the interplay and complementarities that emerge by linking resilience and social well-being approaches. First, we reflected on the limitations of applying ecological resilience concepts to social systems from the perspective of social theory, and particularly, the concept of well-being. Second, we examined the interplay of resilience and well-being concepts in fostering a social-ecological perspective that promises more appropriate management and policy actions. We examined five key points of interplay: (1) the limits of optimization thinking (e.g., maximum sustainable yield), (2) the role of human agency and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agency; Governance; Integration; Interdisciplinarity; Policy; Sustainability; Thresholds; Transdisciplinarity; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012

Managing the Resilience of Lakes: A Multi-agent Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
We demonstrate an approach for integrating social and ecological models to study ecosystem management strategies. We focus on the management of lake eutrophication. A model has been developed in which the dynamics of the lake, the learning dynamics of society, and the interactions between ecology and society are included. Analyses with the model show that active learning is important to retain the resilience of lakes. Although very low levels of phosphorus in the water will not be reached, active learning reduce the chance of catastrophic high phosphorus levels.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Active learning; Eutrophication; Integrated modeling; Lake dynamics; Lake management; Multi-agent modeling; Phosphorus; Resilience; Restoration; Simulation.
Ano: 1999

GPS and GIS Methods in an African Rain Forest: Applications to Tropical Ecology and Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dominy, Nathaniel J; University of Hong Kong; njdominy@hkusua.hku.hk; Duncan, Brean; Dynamac Corporation, Kennedy Space Center; DuncaBW@kscems.ksc.nasa.gov.
Since the completion of the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) in 1995, the integration of GPS and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology has expanded to a great number of ecological and conservation applications. In tropical rain forest ecology, however, the technology has remained relatively neglected, despite its great potential. Notwithstanding cost, this is principally due to (1) the difficulty of quality satellite reception beneath a dense forest canopy, and (2) a degree of spatial error unacceptable to fine-scale vegetation mapping. Here, we report on the technical use of GPS/GIS in the rain forest of Kibale National Park, Uganda, and the methodology necessary to acquire high-accuracy spatial measurements. We conclude that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Kibale National Park; Uganda; Biodiversity conservation; Canopy interference; Differential correction; Frugivores; Geographic information systems; Global positioning system; Seed dispersal; Spatial ecology; Tropical rain forest; Vegetation mapping.
Ano: 2001

Indigenous Peoples in UN REDD+ Negotiations: &amp;#8220;Importing Power&amp;#8221; and Lobbying for Rights through Discursive Interplay Management
Provedor de dados: 7
In this article I analyze the strategies of indigenous peoples as norm entrepreneurs in UN climate negotiations. I set out a conceptual linkage between the emerging literature on institutional interaction and social constructivist agency. It is shown, against the background of a descriptive account of the development of REDD+ negotiations within the UNFCCC, that indigenous peoples have been able to influence the agenda by crafting their immaterial power resources through the transfer of knowledge resources and normative instances from distinct institutions. This strategy of &amp;#8220;importing power&amp;#8221; to the target institution, the UNFCCC, was accompanied by support of key individuals and favorable national governments. Furthermore, indigenous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indigenous peoples; Institutional interaction; Institutional linkage; International negotiations; Norm entrepreneurs; REDD+; UNDRIP.
Ano: 2014

Sustainability, Stability, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ludwig, Don; University of British Columbia; ludwig@math.ubc.ca; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
The purpose of this essay is to define and refine the concepts of stability and resilience and to demonstrate their value in understanding the behavior of exploited systems. Some ecological systems display several possible stable states. They may also show a hysteresis effect in which, even after a long time, the state of the system may be partly determined by its history. The concept of resilience depends upon our objectives, the types of disturbances that we anticipate, control measures that are available, and the time scale of interest.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bifurcation; Multiple stable states; Resilience; Stability.
Ano: 1997

Piloting a Non-Invasive Genetic Sampling Method for Evaluating Population-Level Benefits of Wildlife Crossing Structures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clevenger, Anthony P; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University; apclevenger@gmail.com; Sawaya, Michael A; Department of Ecology, Montana State University; mikesawaya@hotmail.com.
Intuitively, wildlife crossing structures should enhance the viability of wildlife populations. Previous research has demonstrated that a broad range of species will use crossing structures, however, questions remain as to whether these measures actually provide benefits to populations. To assess this, studies will need to determine the number of individuals using crossings, their sex, and their genetic relationships. Obtaining empirical data demonstrating population-level benefits for some species can be problematic and challenging at best. Molecular techniques now make it possible to identify species, individuals, their sex, and their genetic relatedness from hair samples collected through non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS). We describe efforts to pilot...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; DNA; Genetics; Non-invasive; Road ecology; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; Wildlife crossing structure.
Ano: 2010

Reconnecting to the Biosphere: a Social-Ecological Renaissance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Science; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2012

Fishful Thinking: Rhetoric, Reality, and the Sea Before Us
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pitcher, Tony J.; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.; pitcher.t@gmail.com; Lam, Mimi E; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.; m.lam@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Fisheries science and management have been shrouded in controversy and rhetoric for over 125 yrs. Human reliance on fish through history (and even prehistory) has impacted the sea and its resources. Global impacts are manifest today in threatened food security and vulnerable marine ecosystems. Growing consumer demand and subsidized industrial fisheries exacerbate ecosystem degradation, climate change, global inequities, and local poverty. Ten commonly advocated fisheries management solutions, if implemented alone, cannot remedy a history of intense fishing and serial stock depletions. Fisheries policy strategies evaluated along five performance modalities (ecological, economic, social, ethical, and institutional) suggest that composite management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Back-to-the-future; Ecological ethics; Ecosystem restoration; Fisheries management; Fishing down the food web; Food security; Policy goals; The sea ahead; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2010

Exploring Futures of Ecosystem Services in Cultural Landscapes through Participatory Scenario Development in the Swabian Alb, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Ecosystem Services Research Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; tobias.plieninger@life.ku.dk; Bieling, Claudia; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; claudia.bieling@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de; Ohnesorge, Bettina; Ecosystem Services Research Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; ohnesorge@bbaw.de; Schaich, Harald; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; harald.schaich@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de; Schleyer, Christian; Ecosystem Services Research Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Department of Environmental Politics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; christian.schleyer@ufz.de.
Cultural landscapes are appreciated for the plethora of ecosystem services that they provide to society. They are, however, subject to rapid and fundamental transformations across Europe, mainly as a result of intensification or abandonment of land uses. Our objective is to assess the possible future drivers of cultural landscape changes and their likely impacts on ecosystem services provision as perceived by local actors. We present stakeholder-based scenarios for the Swabian Alb, a biosphere reserve in southern Germany, projected to the yr 2040. On their basis, we explore the possibilities and limitations of local civil engagement for landscape conservation and development in the face of increasing global influences. The steps of the process are (a)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services: landscape development; Participatory scenario planning; Germany; Multifunctional landscapes; Regional development; Quality of life; Rural areas.
Ano: 2013

Ecosystem service delivery in restoration projects: the effect of ecological succession on the benefits of tidal marsh restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boerema, Annelies; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp; annelies.boerema@uantwerpen.be; Geerts, Lindsay; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp; lindsay.geerts@uantwerpen.be; Oosterlee, Lotte; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp; lotte.oosterlee@uantwerpen.be; Temmerman, Stijn; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp; stijn.temmerman@uantwerpen.be; Meire, Patrick; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp; patrick.meire@uantwerpen.be.
Long-term assessment of ecosystem restoration projects is complex because of ecological processes such as succession, particularly in highly dynamic ecosystems such as estuaries. Restoration of intertidal flats and marshes on formerly embanked land, often called managed coastal realignment (MR), became popular in estuarine management. In our study, biophysical and monetary data were collected to calculate the value of 15 (sub)ecosystem services (ES) delivered by a large tidal marsh restoration project in the Schelde estuary in Belgium and the Netherlands. We hypothesized that ES delivery changes over time due to ecological succession and hence the long-term benefits are subject to this phenomenon and need to be taken into consideration. A marsh sediment...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Long-term benefits; Managed coastal realignment (MR); Marsh succession; Monetary valuation; Temporal scale.
Ano: 2016

From Carbon Projects to Better Land-Use Planning: Three Latin American Initiatives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rival, Laura M.; Department of International Development, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; laura.rival@qeh.ox.ac.uk.
I start with a discussion of the limits of the United Nations&amp;#8217; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and cobenefits (REDD+) program and the need to embed forest carbon within integrated ecosystem services on a landscape scale. By comparing a REDD+ project with two non-REDD+ projects, I show that there are diverse ways of applying the Earth system governance lens to address the continuing deterioration of goods and services provided by ecological systems. I then compare the valuation of ecosystem services and the governance of their provision in the three projects under review: Bolsa Floresta in the state of Amazonas, Brazil; Ara&amp;#231;ua&amp;#237; Sustent&amp;#225;vel in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ara&amp;#231; Ua&amp;#237; Sustent&amp;#225; Vel; Bolsa Floresta; Earth governance; Landscapes under ecosystem-based management; Payments for ecosystem services; REDD+ schemes; Yasun&amp;#237; &amp;#8211; Ishpingo Tambococha Tiputini Initiative.
Ano: 2013

Social-ecological system framework: initial changes and continuing challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGinnis, Michael D.; Indiana University; mcginnis@indiana.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; workshop@indiana.edu.
The social-ecological system (SES) framework investigated in this special issue enables researchers from diverse disciplinary backgrounds working on different resource sectors in disparate geographic areas, biophysical conditions, and temporal domains to share a common vocabulary for the construction and testing of alternative theories and models that determine which influences on processes and outcomes are especially critical in specific empirical settings. We summarize changes that have been made to this framework and discuss a few remaining ambiguities in its formulation. Specifically, we offer a tentative rearrangement of the list of relevant attributes of governance systems and discuss other ways to make this framework applicable to policy settings...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Frameworks; Governance; Institutional analysis; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Biological Invasion Risks and the Public Good: an Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Perrings, Charles; University of York; cap8@york.ac.uk; Williamson, Mark; University of York; mw1@york.ac.uk; Barbier, Edward B; University of Wyoming; ebarbier@uwyo.edu; Delfino, Doriana; University of York; dd109@york.ac.uk; Dalmazzone, Silvana; University of Turin; silvana.dalmazzone@unito.it; Shogren, Jason; University of Wyoming; jramses@uwyo.edu; Simmons, Peter; University of York; ps1@york.ac.uk; Watkinson, Andrew; University of East Anglia; A.Watkinson@uea.ac.uk.
We postulate that the causes of the problem of invasive alien species are primarily economic and, as such, require economic solutions. Invasive alien species are of increasing concern for four reasons. First, introductions are increasing sharply, while mechanisms for excluding or eradicating alien species have been either withdrawn or progressively weakened. Both trends are due to the liberalization of and increase in international travel and trade, an economic phenomenon. Second, the costs of invasions are rising rapidly due partly to increasing human population density, and partly to increasing intensity of production in genetically impoverished agricultural systems. Third, biological invasions are associated with a high degree of uncertainty both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Invasive species.
Ano: 2002

Facing Global Change through Social-Ecological Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@ecology.su.se; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2006

Sustainable Small-Scale Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spielmann, Katherine A; Arizona State University; kate.spielmann@asu.edu; Nelson, Margaret; Arizona State University; mnelson@asu.edu; Ingram, Scott; Arizona State University; singram@asu.edu; Peeples, Matthew A; Arizona State University; Matthew.Peeples@asu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Archaeology; Climate; Risk; Semi-arid environments; Small-scale farming; U.S. Southwest.
Ano: 2011

Changes in the composition of hunting catches in southeastern Cameroon: a promising approach for collaborative wildlife management between ecologists and local hunters
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yasuoka, Hirokazu; Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University; hirokazu.yasuoka@gmail.com; Hirai, Masaaki; Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University; msk.hirai@gmail.com; Kamgaing, Towa O. W.; Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University; School for the Training of Wildlife Specialists Garoua; wkamgaing@gmail.com; Dzefack, Zeun's C. B.; Department of Forestry, University of Dschang; bricedzefack@yahoo.fr; Bobo, Kadiri S.; Department of Forestry, University of Dschang; School for the Training of Wildlife Specialists Garoua; bobokadiris@yahoo.com.
In recent years, both depletion of wild animals and declining food supply have threatened the livelihoods of people inhabiting the forests of the Congo Basin, and rendered the bushmeat trade a national and global concern. Because initial approaches to wildlife management were criticized for lacking consideration of the customary rights of local people, a variety of projects have been proposed to ensure their active participation in management initiatives. However, unfamiliar with the concepts of conservation ecology, local people have found it difficult to contribute effectively. This paper proposes an approach to monitor the status of fauna, based on the ratio of blue duikers (Philantomba monticola) to medium-sized duikers (Cephalophus spp.) for the total...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baka Pygmy; Bantu farmer; Blue duiker (Philantomba monticola); Catch B/M; Medium-sized duiker (Cephalophus spp.).
Ano: 2015

Linkages Among Water Vapor Flows, Food Production, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gordon, Line; Stockholm University; line@system.ecology.su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Falkenmark, Malin; Swedish Natural Science Research Council;; Engwall, Maria; ;.
Global freshwater assessments have not addressed the linkages among water vapor flows, agricultural food production, and terrestrial ecosystem services. We perform the first bottom-up estimate of continental water vapor flows, subdivided into the major terrestrial biomes, and arrive at a total continental water vapor flow of 70,000 km3/yr (ranging from 56,000 to 84,000 km3/yr). Of this flow, 90% is attributed to forests, including woodlands (40,000 km3/yr), wetlands (1400 km3/yr), grasslands (15,100 km3/yr), and croplands (6800 km3/yr). These terrestrial biomes sustain society with essential welfare-supporting ecosystem services, including food production. By analyzing the freshwater requirements of an increasing demand for food in the year 2025, we...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catchment management; Ecohydrological landscape; Evapotranspiration; Food production; Freshwater management; Global freshwater assessment; Resilience; Terrestrial ecosystem services; Trade-offs; Water use efficiency; Water vapor flows.
Ano: 1999

Water Governance in Chile and Canada: a Comparison of Adaptive Characteristics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hurlbert, Margot A.; University of Regina; margot.hurlbert@uregina.ca; Diaz, Harry; University of Regina; Harry.Diaz@uregina.ca.
We compare the structures and adaptive capacities of water governance regimes that respond to water scarcity or drought in the South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB) of western Canada and the Elqui River Basin (EB) in Chile.  Both regions anticipate climate change that will result in more extreme weather events including increasing droughts.  The SSRB and the EB represent two large, regional, dryland water basins with significant irrigated agricultural production but with significantly different governance structures.  The Canadian governance situation is characterized as decentralized multilevel governance with assigned water licenses; the Chilean is characterized as centralized governance with privatized water rights. Both countries have action at all...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Climate change; Extreme weather; Water governance.
Ano: 2013

Much More than Ecological Scale and &amp;#8220;Nature Knowing Best&amp;#8221; Hiding in Environmental Decisions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rowe, Stan; University of Saskatchewan (Emeritus); stanrowe@netidea.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Constructing stability landscapes to identify alternative states in coupled social-ecological agent-based models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bitterman, Patrick; Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa; patrick-bitterman@uiowa.edu; Bennett, David A.; Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa; david-bennett@uiowa.edu.
The resilience of a social-ecological system is measured by its ability to retain core functionality when subjected to perturbation. Resilience is contextually dependent on the state of system components, the complex interactions among these components, and the timing, location, and magnitude of perturbations. The stability landscape concept provides a useful framework for considering resilience within the specified context of a particular social-ecological system but has proven difficult to operationalize. This difficulty stems largely from the complex, multidimensional nature of the systems of interest and uncertainty in system response. Agent-based models are an effective methodology for understanding how cross-scale processes within and across social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Resilience; Social-ecological system; Stability landscape.
Ano: 2016

Empirically Based, Agent-based models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University and Arizona State University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
There is an increasing drive to combine agent-based models with empirical methods. An overview is provided of the various empirical methods that are used for different kinds of questions. Four categories of empirical approaches are identified in which agent-based models have been empirically tested: case studies, stylized facts, role-playing games, and laboratory experiments. We discuss how these different types of empirical studies can be combined. The various ways empirical techniques are used illustrate the main challenges of contemporary social sciences: (1) how to develop models that are generalizable and still applicable in specific cases, and (2) how to scale up the processes of interactions of a few agents to interactions among many agents.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agent-based models; Empirical applications; Social science methods.
Ano: 2006

Crossing Scales and Disciplines to Achieve Forest Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sturtevant, Brian; Institute for Applied Ecosystems Studies, Northern Research Station, US Forest Service; bsturtevant@fs.fed.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Ecosystem management; Forest sustainability; Interdisciplinary modeling; Land planning; Participatory modeling; Scaling; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2008

Incorporating local institutions in irrigation experiments: evidence from rural communities in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Javaid, Aneeque; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT); Jacobs University; aneeque.javaid@zmt-bremen.de; Falk, Thomas; University of Marburg; falkt@staff.uni-marburg.de.
Many irrigation systems are special cases of common-pool resources (CPRs) in which some users have preferential access to the resource, which in theory aggravates collective action challenges such as the under-provision of necessary infrastructure as a result of unequal appropriation of water resources. We present experimental evidence based on an irrigation game played in communities that are dependent on one of the largest contiguous irrigation network: the Indus basin irrigation system in Punjab, Pakistan. Furthermore, we simulate two institutional mechanisms that are neglected in experimental studies, despite their importance in many CPR governance systems: traditional authorities and legal pluralism. In our experiments, Punjabi farmers (N = 160)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric access; Common-pool resources; Field experiments; Irrigation management; Punjab  Pakistan; Traditional authorities.
Ano: 2015

Assessing Resilience in Stressed Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Although several frameworks for assessing the resilience of social-ecological systems (SESs) have been developed, some practitioners may not have sufficient time and information to conduct extensive resilience assessments.  We have presented a simplified approach to resilience assessment that reviews the scientific, historical, and social literature to rate the resilience of an SES with respect to nine resilience properties: ecological variability, diversity, modularity, acknowledgement of slow variables, tight feedbacks, social capital, innovation, overlap in governance, and ecosystem services.  We evaluated the effects of two large-scale projects, the construction of a major dam and the implementation of an ecosystem recovery program, on the resilience...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological resilience; Platte River; Resilience assessment; Social-ecological system; Social resilience.
Ano: 2014

From Resilience to Transformation:  the Adaptive Cycle in Two Mexican Urban Centers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pelling, Mark; King's College London; mark.pelling@kcl.ac.uk; Manuel-Navarrete, David; King's College London; david.manuel_navarrete@kcl.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Climate change; Disaster management; Mexico; Power; Resilience; Transformation.
Ano: 2011

Effects of methodology and stakeholder disaggregation on ecosystem service valuation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brooks, Emma G. E.; University of Southampton; Global Species Programme, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature); emma.brooks@soton.ac.uk; Smith, Kevin G.; Global Species Programme, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature); kevin.smith@iucn.org; Holland, Robert A.; University of Southampton; R.A.Holland@soton.ac.uk; Poppy, Guy M.; University of Southampton; G.M.Poppy@soton.ac.uk; Eigenbrod, Felix; University of Southampton; F.Eigenbrod@soton.ac.uk.
Contingent valuation is one of the most commonly used methodologies utilized in ecosystem service valuation, thereby including a participatory approach to many such assessments. However, inclusion of nonmonetary stakeholder priorities is still uncommon in ecosystem service valuations and disaggregation of stakeholders is all but absent from practice. We look at four site-scale wetland ecosystem service valuations from Asia that used nonmonetary participatory stated preference techniques from a range of stakeholders, and compare these prioritizations to those obtained from the largest monetary assessments available globally, the Ecosystem Service Value Database (ESVD). Stakeholder assessment suggests very different priorities to those from monetary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory approach; Poverty alleviation; Stakeholders; Valuation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2014

Collective action and the risk of ecosystem regime shifts: insights from a laboratory experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schill, Caroline; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; caroline.schill@beijer.kva.se; Lindahl, Therese; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; therese.lindahl@beijer.kva.se.
Ecosystems can undergo regime shifts that potentially lead to a substantial decrease in the availability of provisioning ecosystem services. Recent research suggests that the frequency and intensity of regime shifts increase with growing anthropogenic pressure, so understanding the underlying social-ecological dynamics is crucial, particularly in contexts where livelihoods depend heavily on local ecosystem services. In such settings, ecosystem services are often derived from common-pool resources. The limited capacity to predict regime shifts is a major challenge for common-pool resource management, as well as for systematic empirical analysis of individual and group behavior, because of the need for extensive preshift and postshift data. Unsurprisingly,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Cooperation; Ecological dynamics; Laboratory experiments; Regime shifts; Risk; Social-ecological systems; Thresholds; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2015

Strategies for managing complex social-ecological systems in the face of uncertainty: examples from South Africa and beyond
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; oonsie@sun.ac.za; Rhode, Clint; Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; clintr@sun.ac.za; Archibald, Sally; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, South Africa; Centre for African Ecology, Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa ; sarchibald@csir.co.za; Kunene, Lucky Makhosini; Department of Sociology, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa; Africa Institute of South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; lkunene@ufh.ac.za; Mutanga, Shingirirai S.; Africa Institute of South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; Smutanga@ai.org.za; Nkuna, Nghamula; Public Administration, University of Limpopo, South Africa; nghamula.nkuna@ul.ac.za; Ocholla, Peter Omondi; Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; peterocholla@gmail.com; Phadima, Lehlohonolo Joe; Scientific Services Division, Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, South Africa ; phadimal@kznwildlife.com.
Improving our ability to manage complex, rapidly changing social-ecological systems is one of the defining challenges of the 21st century. This is particularly crucial if large-scale poverty alleviation is to be secured without undermining the capacity of the environment to support future generations. To address this challenge, strategies that enable judicious management of social-ecological systems in the face of substantive uncertainty are needed. Several such strategies are emerging from the developing body of work on complexity and resilience. We identify and discuss four strategies, providing practical examples of how each strategy has been applied in innovative ways to manage turbulent social-ecological change in South Africa and the broader region:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Complexity; Resilience; Social-ecological systems  southern Africa; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2015

Impacts of the 2010 Droughts and Floods on Community Welfare in Rural Thailand: Differential Effects of Village Educational Attainment
Provedor de dados: 7
Climatic events can have disastrous consequences on rural livelihoods, which rely mainly on agriculture and natural resources. The way households and communities respond to climatic shocks depends on their available resources. We formulated that education is a human capital asset that can increase coping abilities in difficult times because education improves access to both social and economic resources. Based on the Thai government surveys of the living conditions and life quality of 68,343 rural villages for the years 2009 and 2011, we investigated the impacts of floods and droughts in 2010 on community welfare, i.e., consumption and income in 2011 at the village level. Using difference-in-difference methods, we analyzed how differential demographic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consumption and income smoothing; Drought; Economic vulnerability; Education; Flood; Thailand; Welfare.
Ano: 2013

Scale and Cross-Scale Dynamics: Governance and Information in a Multilevel World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cash, David W.; Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs; david.cash@state.ma.us; Adger, W. Neil; University of East Anglia; N.Adger@uea.ac.uk; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Garden, Po; Chiang Mai University; po@sea-user.org; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Olsson, Per; Stockholm University; potto@system.ecology.su.se; Pritchard, Lowell; National Wildlife Federation; pritchard@nwf.org; Young, Oran; University of California; young@bren.ucsb.edu.
The empirical evidence in the papers in this special issue identifies pervasive and difficult cross-scale and cross-level interactions in managing the environment. The complexity of these interactions and the fact that both scholarship and management have only recently begun to address this complexity have provided the impetus for us to present one synthesis of scale and cross-scale dynamics. In doing so, we draw from multiple cases, multiple disciplines, and multiple perspectives. In this synthesis paper, and in the accompanying cases, we hypothesize that the dynamics of cross-scale and cross-level interactions are affected by the interplay between institutions at multiple levels and scales. We suggest that the advent of co-management structures and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Scale; Level; Cross-scale dynamics; Boundary organization; Co-management.
Ano: 2006

Realizing water transitions: the role of policy entrepreneurs in water policy change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Meijerink, Sander; Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen; S.Meijerink@fm.ru.nl.
This special feature aims to further our understanding of the way in which transitions occur in water management. We contend that if we want to understand such transitions, we need to understand policy change and its opposite, policy stability. These issues have attracted considerable academic attention. Our interest is, however, very specific and thereby unique: we review the role that (groups of) individuals play in the process of preparing, instigating, and implementing policy change. In this article, a review of the literature on policy change provides the basis from which we extract a set of strategies which are available to policy entrepreneurs. The questions for the rest of this special feature are first, can we detect the influence of policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case studies; Policy change; Policy entrepreneurs; Transition management; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Evaluation of a Participatory Resource Monitoring System for Nontimber Forest Products: the Case of Amla (Phyllanthus spp.) Fruit Harvest by Soligas in South India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Setty, R. Siddappa; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); siddappa@atree.org; Bawa, Kamal; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); University of Massachusetts; kamal.bawa@umb.edu; Ticktin, Tamara; University of Hawaii at Manoa; ticktin@hawaii.edu; Gowda, C. Made; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); cmade@atree.org.
Enhancing incomes from the sustainable harvest of nontimber forest products can help to maintain local livelihoods and provide local communities with economic incentives to conserve biodiversity. A key feature of a successful enterprise approach to the conservation of these products is a sound monitoring and evaluation program that involves all concerned stakeholders and leads to adaptive management. However, few studies have presented any of the approaches, successes, or challenges involved in participatory monitoring initiatives for nontimber forest products. We present our experiences using a participatory research model that we developed and used over a 10-yr (1995&amp;#8211;2005) period for the wild harvesting of Phyllanthus spp. fruits (amla) by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Amla; Fruit harvest; Soliga; Participatory resource monitoring; Nontimber forest products; Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary.
Ano: 2008

Restoring Riverine Landscapes: The Challenge of Identifying Priorities, Reference States, and Techniques
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Naiman, Robert J; University of Washington; naiman@u.washington.edu.
This special issue of Ecology and Society on restoring riverine landscapes draws together nine presentations from the Second International Symposium on Riverine Landscapes, convened in August 2004 in Storforsen, Sweden. We summarize three themes related to river restoration: (1) setting priorities, (2) identifying relevant reference conditions, and (3) choosing appropriate techniques. We discuss ways of developing river restoration and provide examples of future needs in sustaining functioning river ecosystems that can support human societies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Reference conditions; Restoration objectives; Restoration techniques; River restoration.
Ano: 2007

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management?  Experiences from three countries in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waylen, Kerry A; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; kerry.waylen@hutton.ac.uk; Martin-Ortega, Julia; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and the Environment and water@leeds, University of Leeds; J.MartinOrtega@leeds.ac.uk; Blackstock, Kirsty L; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; kirsty.blackstock@hutton.ac.uk; Brown, Iain; Information and Computational Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; iain.brown@hutton.ac.uk; Escalante Semerena, Roberto Ivan; Faculty of Economics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); semerena@unam.mx; Farah Quijano, Maria Adelaida; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Faculty of Environmental and Rural Studies; mafarahq@gmail.com; Ortiz-Guerrero, Cesar E.; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; c.ortiz@javeriana.edu.co.
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing social-ecological systems but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM but whose potential is not yet well understood. Therefore, we designed, trialed, and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM in three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. Implementing scenario planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it were challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge, enhanced consideration of and adaptation to future change,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Climate change; Colombia; Community-based conservation; Futures thinking; Mexico; Participation; Scenario methods; Wicked problems.
Ano: 2015

Land-use regime shifts: an analytical framework and agenda for future land-use research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramankutty, Navin; Liu Institute for Global Issues; Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; navin.ramankutty@ubc.ca; Coomes, Oliver T.; Department of Geography, McGill University; oliver.coomes@mcgill.ca.
A key research frontier in global change research lies in understanding processes of land change to inform predictive models of future land states. We believe that significant advances in the field are hampered by limited attention being paid to critical points of change termed land-use regime shifts. We present an analytical framework for understanding land-use regime shifts. We survey historical events of land change and perform in-depth case studies of soy and shrimp development in Latin America to demonstrate the role of preconditions, triggers, and self-reinforcing processes in driving land-use regime shifts. Whereas the land-use literature demonstrates a good understanding of within-regime dynamics, our understanding of the drivers of land-use regime...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Land-cover change; Land-use change; Latin America; Modeling; Prediction; Regime shifts.
Ano: 2016

The Impacts of Sprawl on Biodiversity: the Ant Fauna of the Lower Florida Keys
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Forys, Elizabeth A; Eckerd College; forysea@eckerd.edu; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu.
Sprawling development can affect species composition by increasing the rate of invasion by non-native species, and decreasing the persistence of native species. This paper briefly reviews the scientific literature on the impacts of sprawl on biological diversity, with specific emphasis on the influence of sprawl on non-native species richness. We then explore the relationship between sprawl and biodiversity using a data set of ant species collected from 46 habitat patches located in the increasingly suburbanized Florida Keys, USA. We quantified sprawl as the proximity of roads and amount of development surrounding a habitat patch. Using bait transects, we identified 24 native and 18 non-native species of ants. Neither the overall number of native species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Extinctions; Exurban development; Florida; Invasions; Nestedness; Sprawl.
Ano: 2005

Facilitating Transitional Processes in Rigid Institutional Regimes for Water Management and Wetland Conservation: Experience from the Guadalquivir Estuary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amezaga, Jaime M.; Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, University of Newcastle; jaime.amezaga@newcastle.ac.uk.
Traditional policies for water resources management and wetland conservation are often based on command-and-control approaches. The latter tend to drive the human&amp;#8211;wetland&amp;#8211;water system into pathological states, characterized by more vulnerable ecosystems and rigid institutions for governance. The overcoming of these states may rest in the development of flexible and adaptive institutional regimes that rely on adaptive governance and management. Because past factors might constrain the implementation of more flexible adaptive approaches to management, it is important to understand the historical mechanisms underlying the genesis of institutional rigidity. We first present the results of a historical analysis of Do&amp;#241;ana, which can...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Action research; Adaptive cycle; Adaptive management; Command and control; Do&amp;#241; Ana; Guadalquivir Estuary; Path dependence; Rigid institutional regimes; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2012

Adapting to Climate Change: Social-Ecological Resilience in a Canadian Western Arctic Community
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Jolly, Dyanna; University of Manitoba; dyjolly@ihug.co.nz.
Human adaptation remains an insufficiently studied part of the subject of climate change. This paper examines the questions of adaptation and change in terms of social-ecological resilience using lessons from a place-specific case study. The Inuvialuit people of the small community of Sachs Harbour in Canada's western Arctic have been tracking climate change throughout the 1990s. We analyze the adaptive capacity of this community to deal with climate change. Short-term responses to changes in land-based activities, which are identified as coping mechanisms, are one component of this adaptive capacity. The second component is related to cultural and ecological adaptations of the Inuvialuit for life in a highly variable and uncertain environment; these...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science; Arctic; Canadian North; Inuit; Inuvialuit; Adaptive strategies; Climate change; Community-based research; Coping mechanisms; Human ecology; Participatory research; Participatory research; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2001

From Scaling to Governance of the Land System: Bridging Ecological and Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Veldkamp, Tom; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. University of Twente; veldkamp@itc.nl; Polman, Nico; LEI part of Wageningen UR (Agricultural Economics Research Institute); Nico.Polman@wur.nl; Reinhard, Stijn; LEI part of Wageningen UR (Agricultural Economics Research Institute); Stijn.Reinhard@wur.nl; Slingerland, Maja; Wageningen University, Plant Production Systems Group; Maja.Slingerland@wur.nl.
One of the main unresolved problems in policy making is the step from scale issues to effective governance. What is appropriate for a lower level, such as a region or location, might be considered undesirable at a global scale. Linking scaling to governance is an important issue for the improvement of current environmental management and policies. Whereas social&amp;#8211;ecological science tends to focus on adaptive behavior and aspects of spatial ecological data, new institutional economics focuses more on levels in institutional scales and temporal dimensions. Consequently, both disciplines perceive different scaling challenges while aiming at a similar improvement of effective governance. We propose that future research needs to focus on four themes:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Combined system perspective; Governance; New institutional economics; Scaling; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological sciences.
Ano: 2011

A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: synthesis and future directions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chaffin, Brian C.; Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University; chaffinb@geo.oregonstate.edu; Gosnell, Hannah; Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University; gosnellh@geo.oregonstate.edu; Cosens, Barbara A.; College of Law and Waters of the West Program, University of Idaho; bcosens@uidaho.edu.
Adaptive governance is an emergent form of environmental governance that is increasingly called upon by scholars and practitioners to coordinate resource management regimes in the face of the complexity and uncertainty associated with rapid environmental change.  Although the term &amp;#8220;adaptive governance&amp;#8221; is not exclusively applied to the governance of social-ecological systems, related research represents a significant outgrowth of literature on resilience, social-ecological systems, and environmental governance.  We present a chronology of major scholarship on adaptive governance, synthesizing efforts to define the concept and identifying the array of governance concepts associated with transformation toward adaptive governance.  Based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Environmental governance; Literature review; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

Trade-offs among forest value components in community forests of southwestern Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alverga, Paula; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Barnes, Grenville; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA; gbarnes@ufl.edu; Brasil da Silva, Izaias; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Castro, Wendeson; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; de Souza Moll, Iracema; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Medeiros, Herison; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil; medeiros.herison@gmail.com; Murphy, Skya; Department of Biology, University of Florida, USA;; Rockwell, Cara A.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA; rockwell_cara@yahoo.com; Shenkin, Alexander; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, USA; ashenkin@ufl.edu; Silveira, Marcos; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Southworth, Jane; Department of Geography and Land Use and Environmental Change Institute, University of Florida, USA; jsouthwo@geog.ufl.edu; Perz, Stephen; Department of Sociology and Criminology &amp; Law, University of Florida, USA; sperz@soc.ufl.edu.
Contemporary conservation interventions must balance potential trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services. In tropical forests, much attention has focused on the extent to which carbon-based conservation provided by REDD+ policies can also mitigate biodiversity conservation. In the nearly one-third of tropical forests that are community owned or managed, conservation strategies must also balance the multiple uses of forest products that support local livelihoods. Although much discussion has focused on policy options, little empirical evidence exists to evaluate the potential for trade-offs among different tropical forest value components.   We assessed multiple components of forest value, including tree diversity, carbon stocks, and both timber and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: A&amp;#231; Ai; Biodiversity conservation; Brazil nut; Carbon stocks; Livelihood; NTFP; REDD; Rubber; Timber; Tropical rainforest.
Ano: 2014

Perspectives on Resilience to Disasters across Sectors and Cultures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Ecosystem Science, Australia; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Westley, Frances; Institute for Complexity and Innovation; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Disasters; Resilience; Risk.
Ano: 2011

Why Shade Coffee Does Not Guarantee Biodiversity Conservation.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Silva-Rivera, Evodia; Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana; evsilva@uv.mx; Sutherland, William J; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk.
Over the past decade, various strategies have emerged to address critical habitat losses through agricultural expansion. The promotion of shade-grown, premium-priced coffee has been highlighted as one alternative. Our research, based on interviews with farmers in Chiapas, disputes some of the assumptions made by shade coffee campaigners. Results revealed a predisposition to converting forest to shade coffee production due to the socioeconomic challenges farmers face and the potential for increasing incomes. To ensure that their well-being is improved at the same time as reducing environmental impacts, there is clearly a need to provide more detailed information on who is responsible for enforcing certification criteria and how this should take place.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Alternative coffee; Conservation; Biodiversity; Mexico.
Ano: 2010

Nurturing communities of practice for transdisciplinary research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Roux, Dirk J; Scientific Services, South African National Parks; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; dirk.roux@sanparks.org; Parker, John N.; Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University; Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology, Arizona State University; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California at Santa Barbara.; John.Parker@asu.edu.
Transdisciplinary research practice has become a core element of global sustainability science. Transdisciplinary research brings with it an expectation that people with different backgrounds and interests will learn together through collective problem solving and innovation. Here we introduce the concept of &amp;#8220;transdisciplinary communities of practice, &amp;#8221; and draw on both situated learning theory and transdisciplinary practice to identify three key lessons for people working in, managing, or funding such groups. (1) Opportunities need to be purposefully created for outsiders to observe activities in the core group. (2) Communities of practice cannot be artificially created, but they can be nurtured. (3) Power matters in transdisciplinary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community of practice; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2015

Sustaining ecosystem services in cultural landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh; dan.vanderhorst@ed.ac.uk; Bieling, Claudia; University of Freiburg; claudia.bieling@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de.
Classical conservation approaches focus on the man-made degradation of ecosystems and tend to neglect the social-ecological values that human land uses have imprinted on many environments. Throughout the world, ingenious land-use practices have generated unique cultural landscapes, but these are under pressure from agricultural intensification, land abandonment, and urbanization. In recent years, the cultural landscapes concept has been broadly adopted in science, policy, and management. The interest in both outstanding and vernacular landscapes finds expression in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the European Landscape Convention, and the IUCN Protected Landscape Approach. These policies promote the protection, management, planning, and governance of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Cultural landscapes; Driving forces; Ecosystem services; Landscape management; Socio-cultural valuation.
Ano: 2014

A methodology for the sustainability assessment of agri-food systems: an application to the Slow Food Presidia project.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peano, Cristiana; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy; cristiana.peano@unito.it; Migliorini, Paola; University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy; p.migliorini@unisg.it; Sottile, Francesco; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Palermo, Italy; francesco.sottile@unipa.it.
New and alternative models for agri-food production and consumption have brought up questions regarding the effects they have on local development processes in terms of the economic exploitation of rural areas as well as environmental, cultural, and social factors. The agri-food system proposed by the Slow Food (SF) Presidia Project, which focuses on farm-to-market systems for local, high-quality, sustainable products, can respond to the new and emerging needs of both rural and urban populaces via several approaches in addition to food production itself. However, evaluating these parameters is challenging. The aim of this study was to develop an indicator-based tool to monitor the sustainability in agri-food systems that considers quality as well as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and food systems; Indicators; Slow Food; Sustainability evaluation.
Ano: 2014

Patrimony for Resilience: Evidence from the Forest Agdal in the Moroccan High Atlas Mountains
Provedor de dados: 7
Patrimony and resilience appear today as key concepts for understanding the dynamics of systems confronted with natural hazards. Nevertheless, the theoretical comparison between these concepts drawn from different epistemic approaches is lacking. Our aim is to interrelate resilience and patrimony concepts on the basis of a real example: the Agdal, a traditional forest management system in the Moroccan High Atlas. The role played by the Agdal in safeguarding the patterns of forest resource use by village communities from both external and internal conflicts, from natural hazards, and by securing a long-term supply of resource diversity is highlighted. This role shows the patrimonial character of the forest Agdal for the village communities and suggests an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: High Atlas; Morocco; Patrimony; Resilience; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2011

Revisiting the Resilience of Chestnut Forests in Corsica: from Social-Ecological Systems Theory to Political Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Michon, Genevieve; IRD; genevieve.michon@ird.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chestnut; Corsica; Political ecology; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Integrating Data, Biology, and Decision Models for Invasive Species Management: Application to Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hyder, Ayaz; McGill University; ayaz.hyder@mail.mcgill.ca; Leung, Brian; McGill University; brian.leung2@mcgill.ca; Miao, Zewei; Rutgers University; zmiao@rci.rutgers.edu.
Invasive species are a major cause of environmental change and are often costly to control. Decision theory should offer managers guidance to formulate the optimal allocation of resources. Unfortunately, current decision theory models typically do not consider invasion dynamics and do not make full use of the best models of biological spread and best biological data from theoretical models. We developed a decision theory model that integrated population dynamics, spread, uncertainty, and changes in management policies. We applied this model to leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), a high-priority invasive weed in North America. We used field data to construct a biological model that included stochastic population dynamics and spatial spread and integrated it...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision theory; Leafy spurge; Management; Stochastic dynamic programming.
Ano: 2008

Understanding the contribution of wild edible plants to rural social-ecological resilience in semi-arid Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shumsky, Stephanie A; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; Steph.shumsky@gmail.com; Hickey, Gordon M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; gordon.hickey@mcgill.ca; Pelletier, Bernard; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; bernard.pelletier@mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: East Africa; Food policy; Food security; Social-ecological system; Subsistence agriculture; Sustainable livelihoods; Tharaka.
Ano: 2014

Grazing game: a learning tool for adaptive management in response to climate variability in semiarid areas of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Villamor, Grace B; Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn; gracev@uni-bonn.de; Badmos, Biola K; Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria; biolakz@yahoo.com.
In West Africa, the most extreme predicted effects of climate change are expected to occur in desert and grassland areas. It is crucial for local populations in this region to better understand what such projections signify to them to identify sound adaptation policies and interventions. We developed a game, called the &amp;#8220;grazing game,&amp;#8221; and conducted trials with local farmers at multiple study sites as a learning tool to better understand their behavior in response to climate variability under semiarid conditions in West Africa and to facilitate social learning. The grazing game was designed to reveal the processes that lead to overgrazing and desertification based on the players&amp;#8217; interactions with environmental conditions and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anticipatory learning; Coping strategies; Dry lands; Local ecological knowledge; Overgrazing; Rainfall fluctuations; Role-playing games.
Ano: 2016

Online Publication Enhances Integration of Current Research in the Classroom
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Drew, C. Ashton; North Carolina State University; cadrew@unity.ncsu.edu; Hess, George R; North Carolina State University; george_hess@ncsu.edu.
Integrating current research materials and issues into graduate courses provides students with exposure to emerging concepts and methods. New online journal formats that allow authors to include raw data and model code provide a unique opportunity to bring current research into the classroom. We developed a graduate-level landscape ecology assignment using data and code provided as appendices to an article in Conservation Ecology. Our assignment required students to engage actively with the published material, was positively reviewed by the students, and prompted valuable discussion.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Inquiry-guided learning; Landscape ecology; Modeling; Problem-based learning; Teaching.
Ano: 2003

Wicked Social-Ecological Problems Forcing Unprecedented Change on the Latitudinal Margins of Coral Reefs: the Case of Southwest Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinner, Joshua E; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies,  James Cook University, Australia; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Pichon, Michel; Museum of Tropical Queensland, Townsville, Australia; James Cook University; michel.pichon@bigpond.com; Rasoamanendrika, Faravavy; Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Toliara, Madagascar; faraagrippine@yahoo.fr; Zinke, Jens; The University of Western Australia, School of Earth and Environment;  UWA Oceans Institute and the Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australia; jens.zinke@uwa.edu.au; McClanahan, Tim R; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York, USA; tmcclanahan@wcs.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Governance; Marine resources; Migration; Solutions.
Ano: 2012

Rebuilding Resilience in the Sahel: Regreening in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Reij, Chris P; Centre for International Cooperation, Vrij Universitaet; CP.Reij@dienst.vu.nl; Magnuszewski, Piotr; Center for Systems Solutions; piotr.magnuszewski@crs.org.pl.
The societies and ecosystems of the Nigerien Sahel appeared increasingly vulnerable to climatic and economic uncertainty in the late twentieth century. Severe episodes of drought and famine drove massive livestock losses and human migration and mortality. Soil erosion and tree loss reduced a woodland to a scrub steppe and fed a myth of the Sahara desert relentlessly advancing southward. Over the past two decades this myth has been shattered by the dramatic reforestation of more than 5 million hectares in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger. No single actor, policy, or practice appears behind this successful regreening of the Sahel. Multiple actors, institutions and processes operated at different levels, times, and scales to initiate and sustain this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agro-forestry; Farmer managed natural regeneration; Maradi Region; Niger; Pastoralism; Reforestation; Regreening; Resilience; Vulnerability; West Africa; Zinder Region.
Ano: 2011

Toward a Panther-centered View of the Forests of South Florida
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kerkhoff, Andrew J; University of New Mexico; kerkhoff@unm.edu; Milne, Bruce T; University of New Mexico; bmilne@sevilleta.unm.edu; Maehr, David S; University of Kentucky; dmaehr@pop.uky.edu.
Anthropogenic habitat degradation and loss is the single largest threat to the endangered Florida panther, Puma concolor coryi. Conservation of the subspecies must be undertaken on the scale of the entire landscape. Thus, a view of the forested landscape of South Florida must be developed that is meaningful with reference to the panther. We approach this problem by analyzing the spatial interactions of panthers and forests at multiple scales. We apply tools derived from fractal geometry to the analysis of 12 years of telemetry observations of panthers and remotely sensed forest cover imagery. A fractal characterization extends conventional scale-dependent measures of forest density and relates intuitively to panther ecology. To move toward a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Puma concolor coryi; Florida panther; Anthropogenic disturbance; Conditional mapping; Controls on distribution; Fractal analysis; Habitat selection; Landscape conservation; Organism-centered landscapes; Scale dependence; Telemetry.
Ano: 2000

Applying Landscape Science to Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson , Guy  M; Centre for Regional Engagement, University of South Australia; Guy.Robinson@unisa.edu.au; Carson, Doris A; Centre for Regional Engagement, University of South Australia; doris.carson@unisa.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Australia; Landscape science; Modeling; Natural resource management (NRM); Stakeholder integration.
Ano: 2013

North American Dipteran Pollinators: Assessing Their Value and Conservation Status
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kearns, Carol Ann; University of Colorado at Boulder; kearnsca@rtt.colorado.edu.
Recent attention to pollinator declines has focused largely on bees and vertebrates. However, few pollination systems are obligate, and pollinators that complement the role of bees may respond differently to environmental disturbance. The conservation status of North American fly pollinators remains undocumented. In this paper, methods for monitoring shifts in dipteran pollinator abundance are discussed. The need for further basic research into pollination by flies is addressed, and the significance of dipteran conservation is considered.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthophilous flies; Anthropogenic disturbance; Conservation; Diptera; Dipteran conservation; Generalist pollinators; North America; Pollination; Pollinator declines; Population fluctuation; Redundant pollination systems.
Ano: 2001

Gender Economics of the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pandey, Neha; Climate &amp; Women Group; nehapandey@climatewomen.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

The Problem of Scale in Indigenous Knowledge: a Perspective from Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wohling, Marc; Charles Darwin University; mwohling@brahminyhouse.com.au.
Over the last decade, indigenous knowledge has been widely touted by researchers and natural resource managers as a valuable contributor to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. In Australia, the concept of indigenous knowledge has gained such rapid currency that it has tended toward an essentialized and universal truth rather than remaining a diverse range of highly localized and contested knowledge.   In this paper, I undertake a critical analysis of some of the current issues around the interpretation and application of indigenous knowledge  and its relationship with natural resource management in northern Australia. Through a focus on how indigenous knowledge operates at a range of scales, I argue that indigenous knowledge is not...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Ecological scale; Ecology; Ethnoecology; Indigenous knowledge; Natural resource management; Northern Australia.
Ano: 2009

Eliciting Mental Models: a Comparison of Interview Procedures in the Context of Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Natalie A; University of Queensland; n.jones3@uq.edu.au; Ross, Helen; University of Queensland; Helen.Ross@uq.edu.au; Lynam, Timothy; Reflecting Society; tim.lynam@internode.on.net; Perez, Pascal; University of Wollongong; pascal@uow.edu.au.
The sustainable management of natural resources largely depends on people&amp;#8217;s conceptions of environmental systems and how they function. The mental model construct provides an appropriate means to explore the cognitive dimension of people&amp;#8217;s interactions with such systems. Mental models are cognitive representations of external reality that people use as the basis for acting with and within the world around them. We aimed to improve the application of the mental model construct to the field of natural resource management, with an emphasis on creek, i.e., stream, systems, by exploring how certain elicitation procedures may affect the mental models expressed. One of the initial hurdles that must be overcome is to work out how to effectively...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Drawing; Elicitation; Interview; Mental model; Method; Natural resource management; Oral; Transect.
Ano: 2014

An Uncommon Scholar of the Commons
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Anderies, John M; School of Sustainability and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Gunderson, Lance; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University ; lgunder@emory.edu; Janssen, Marco A; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Palavras-chave: Elinor Ostrom.
Ano: 2012

A Systems Approach Framework for Coastal Zones
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopkins , Tom  S; Institute for Marine Coastal Environment-CNR, Naples, Italy; tom_hopkins@ncsu.edu; Bailly, Denis; University of Brest, Brest, France; Denis.Bailly@univ-brest.fr.
This Special Feature Volume examines the potential value of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF) as a methodological framework for the transition to sustainable development in coastal zones.  This article provides insight on the Systems Approach, the theory behind it, and how its practical application to coastal zone systems (CZSs) was developed.  The SAF is about information for management through a focus on how to generate a higher, dynamic level of information about complex CZSs and how to render this information more useful to end users through a participatory suite of communication methods. The SAF is an open research methodology that investigates the function of systems in order to simulate specific issues or questions concerning their function. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coastal zones; Simulation analysis; Sustainable development; Systems approach.
Ano: 2011

Of Thresholds, Invasions, and Regime Shifts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2004

A. Wood, P. Stedman-Edwards,  and J. Mang, editors. 2000. The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss. World Wildlife Fund and Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Heemskerk, Marieke; University of Wisconsin-Madison; mheemskerk@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Assessing the Impact of Integrated Natural Resource Management: Challenges and Experiences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: White, Douglas C; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical;.
Assessing the impact of integrated natural resource management (INRM) research poses a challenge to scientists. The complexity of INRM interventions requires a more holistic approach to impact assessment, beyond the plot and farm levels and beyond traditional analysis of economic returns. Impact assessment for INRM combines the traditional "what" and "where" factors of economic and environmental priorities with newer "who" and "how" aspects of social actors and institutions. This paper presents an analytical framework and methodology for assessing the impact of INRM. A key feature of the proposed methodology is that it starts with a detailed planning process that develops a well-defined, shared, and holistic strategy to achieve development impact. This...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Impact assessment; Integrated natural resource management; Monitoring and evaluation; Natural resources; Sustainable rural livelihoods.
Ano: 2001

Scenarios for Ecosystem Services:  An Overview
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Bennett, Elena M; University of Wisconsin-Madison; embennett@wisc.edu; Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios address changes in ecosystem services and their implications for human well-being. Ecological changes pose special challenges for long-term thinking, because of the possibility of regime shifts that occur rapidly yet alter the availability of ecosystem services for generations. Moreover, ecological feedbacks can intensify human modification of ecosystems, creating a spiral of poverty and ecosystem degradation. Such complex dynamics were evaluated by a mixture of qualitative and quantitative analyses in the MA scenarios. Collectively, the scenarios explore problems such as the connections of poverty reduction and ecosystem services, and trade-offs among ecosystem services.  Several promising approaches are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ambiguity; Ecological change; Ecosystem services; Poverty reduction; Regime shift; Resilience; Response diversity; Scenarios  uncertainty.
Ano: 2006

The Use of Woodland Products to Cope with Climate Variability in Communal Areas in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Woittiez, Lotte S.; Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University; lotte.woittiez@gmail.com; Rufino, Mariana C.; Forest and Environment, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University; m.rufino@cgiar.org; Giller, Ken E.; Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University; ken.giller@wur.nl; Mapfumo, Paul; Soil Fertility Consortium for Southern Africa (SOFECSA), CIMMYT, Southern Africa; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe; p.mapfumo@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation strategies; Livelihood analysis; NTFP; Resource conservation.
Ano: 2013

Resisting Diversity: a Long-Term Archaeological Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nelson, Margaret C; ; mnelson@asu.edu; Hegmon, Michelle; Arizona State University;; Kulow, Stephanie R; Arizona State University;; Peeples, Matthew A; Arizona State University;; Kintigh, Keith W; Arizona State University;; Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Long-term; Resilience; Social diversity; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Stakeholder participation and sustainable fisheries: an integrative framework for assessing adaptive comanagement processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lundholm, Cecilia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Teaching &amp; Learning in the Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; cecilia.lundholm@cesam.su.se; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Chabay, Ilan; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Alliance on Sustainability and Social Compatibility of Future Energy Infrastructure, University of Stuttgart, Germany; ilan.chabay@gmail.com.
Adaptive comanagement (ACM) has been suggested as the way to successfully achieve sustainable environmental governance. Despite excellent research, the field still suffers from underdeveloped frameworks of causality. To address this issue, we suggest a framework that integrates the structural frame of Plummer and Fitzgibbons&amp;#8217; &amp;#8220;adaptive comanagement&amp;#8221; with the specific process characteristics of Senecah&amp;#8217;s &amp;#8220;Trinity of Voice.&amp;#8221; The resulting conceptual hybrid is used to guide the comparison of two cases of stakeholder participation in fisheries management&amp;#8212;the Swedish Co-management Initiative and the Polish Fisheries Roundtable. We examine how different components of preconditions and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Fisheries; Fisheries governance; Learning; Participation; Stakeholder dialogue; Trinity of Voice.
Ano: 2014

Understanding leadership in the environmental sciences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, Louisa S; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter;   Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Hicks, Christina C; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; christina.c.hicks@gmail.com; Cohen, Philippa J; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; WorldFish; p.cohen@cgiar.org; Case, Peter; College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University; School of Business, University of West England; peter.case@jcu.edu.au; Prideaux, Murray; College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University; murray.prideaux@jcu.edu.au; Mills, David J; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; WorldFish; d.mills@cgiar.org.
Leadership is often assumed, intuitively, to be an important driver of sustainable development. To understand how leadership is conceptualized and analyzed in the environmental sciences and to discover what this research says about leadership outcomes, we conducted a review of environmental leadership research over the last 10 years. We found that much of the environmental leadership literature focuses on a few key individuals and desirable leadership competencies. The literature also reports that leadership is one of the most important of a number of factors contributing to effective environmental governance. Only a subset of the literature highlights interacting sources of leadership, disaggregates leadership outcomes, or evaluates leadership processes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Entrepreneurship; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Forestry; Water.
Ano: 2015

Individuals Matter: Exploring Strategies of Individuals to Change the Water Policy for the Tisza River in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Werners, Saskia E.; ; werners@mungo.nl; Matczak, Piotr; ; matczak@amu.edu.pl; Flachner, Zsuzsanna ; ; flachner@rissac.hu.
This paper offers a novel interpretation of the introduction of floodplain rehabilitation and rural development into the water policy for the Tisza River in Hungary. It looks at the role of individuals and the strategies that they used to bring about water policy change. Five strategies are explored: developing new ideas, building coalitions to sell ideas, using windows of opportunity, playing multiple venues and orchestrating networks. Our discussion on the importance of each strategy and the individuals behind it is based on interviews, group discussions and a literature review. The international and political attention sparked by a series of floods, dike failure and a major cyanide spill, which preceded national elections, opened a window of opportunity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coalition; Individual actor; Hungary; Tisza River; Transition; Water policy change.
Ano: 2010

Institutional Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in U.S. National Parks and Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jantarasami, Lesley C; University of Washington; ljantara@u.washington.edu; Lawler, Joshua J; University of Washington; jlawler@u.washington.edu; Thomas, Craig W; University of Washington; thomasc@u.washington.edu.
Climate change will increasingly challenge ecosystem managers' ability to protect species diversity and maintain ecosystem function. In response, the National Park Service and the United States Forest Service have promoted climate change adaptation as a management strategy to increase ecosystem resilience to changing climatic conditions. However, very few examples of completed adaptation plans or projects exist. Here, we examine managers' perceptions of internal and external institutional barriers to implementing adaptation strategies. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n=32) with regional managers and agency staff in six park and forest units in Washington State. We found that internal barriers, including unclear mandates from superiors and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Ecosystem management; Institutional barriers.
Ano: 2010

Public Policies and Management of Rural Forests: Lasting Alliance or Fool's Dialogue?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Michon, Genevieve; IRD; genevieve.michon@ird.fr; Nasi, Robert ; CIFOR; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Domestication; Forestry regulations; Local forest management; Patrimony; Political ecology; Public policies; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

The Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Forest Management: an Example from India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rist, Lucy; ETH Zurich; lucy.rist@env.ethz.ch; Uma Shaanker, R.; University of Agricultural Sciences; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; umashaanker@gmail.com; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk; Ghazoul, Jaboury; ETH Zurich; jaboury.ghazoul@env.ethz.ch.
Many forest communities possess considerable knowledge of the natural resources they use. Such knowledge can potentially inform scientific approaches to management, either as a source of baseline data to fill information gaps that cannot otherwise be addressed or to provide alternative management approaches from which scientists and managers might learn. In general, however, little attention has been given to the relevance of quantitative forms of such knowledge for resource management. Much discussion has focused on the integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) into management, but less attention has been paid to identifying specific areas where it is most useful and where it may be most problematic. We contrasted scientific data with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amla; Forest management; Nontimber forest product; Participatory management; Phyllanthus emblica; Phyllanthus indofischeri; Taxillus tomentosus; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2010

The Future of Vascular Plant Diversity Under Four Global Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vuuren, Detlef P; MNP; detlef.van.vuuren@mnp.nl; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Brown University; Osvaldo_Sala@Brown.edu.
Biodiversity is of crucial importance for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Using quantitative projections of changes in land use and climate from the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios, we project that reduction of habitat by year 2050 will result in a loss of global vascular plant diversity ranging from 7&amp;#8211;24% relative to 1995, after populations have reached equilibrium with the reduced habitat. This range includes both the impact of different scenarios and uncertainty in the SAR relationship. Biomes projected to lose the most species are warm mixed forest, savannahs, shrub, tropical forest, and tropical woodlands. In the 2000&amp;#8211;2050 period, land-use change contributes more on a global scale to species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Global environmental change; Millennium ecosystem assessment; Scenarios.
Ano: 2006

Collapse and Recovery in Sahelian Agro-pastoral Systems: Rethinking Trajectories of Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vang Rasmussen, Laura; Department of Geography &amp; Geology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; lr@geo.ku.dk; Reenberg, Anette; Department of Geography &amp; Geology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; ar@geo.ku.dk.
We discuss the adaptive cycle heuristic as a potential platform for describing the functioning and directions of change in Sahelian land use systems. Specifically, the aim is to go beyond the simplified narrative of a vicious circle of land degradation and land expansion prompted by population pressure and low rainfall and to develop conceptual means to account for system recovery and adaptation to exposures. We use a village study from northern Burkina Faso as an empirical point of departure. On the basis of information obtained from extensive interviews and surveys at the group and household level, the different phases of the adaptive cycle&amp;#8212;exploitation (r), conservation (K), release (&amp;#937;) and reorganization (&amp;#945;)&amp;#8212; are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Connectedness; Potential; Sahel; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Farmers&amp;#8217; knowledge and use of soil fauna in agriculture: a worldwide review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pauli, Natasha; School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; natasha.pauli@uwa.edu.au; Abbott, Lynette K; School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; lynette.abbott@uwa.edu.au.
General knowledge of the small, invisible, or hidden organisms that make soil one of the most biodiverse habitats on Earth is thought to be scarce, despite their importance in food systems and agricultural production. We provide the first worldwide review of high-quality research that reports on farmers&amp;#8217; knowledge of soil organisms in agriculture. The depth of farmers&amp;#8217; knowledge varied; some farming communities held detailed local taxonomies and observations of soil biota, or used soil biological activity as indicators of soil fertility, while others were largely unaware of soil fauna. Elicitation of soil biota knowledge was often incidental to the main research goal in many of the reviewed studies. Farmers are rarely deliberately or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Ethnoecology; Ethnopedology; Farmer knowledge; Local knowledge; Soil biota.
Ano: 2016

Strengthening the role of universities in addressing sustainability challenges: the Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions as an institutional experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hart, David D.; Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine; david.hart@umit.maine.edu; Bell, Kathleen P.; School of Economics, University of Maine; kathleen.p.bell@umit.maine.edu; Lindenfeld, Laura A.; Department of Communication and Journalism, and Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center, University of Maine; Laura_Lindenfeld@umit.maine.edu; Jain, Shaleen; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine; Shaleen.Jain@maine.edu; Johnson, Teresa R.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; teresa.johnson@maine.edu; Ranco, Darren; Native American Programs, and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine; darren.ranco@maine.edu; McGill, Brian; School of Biology and Ecology, and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine; mail@brianmcgill.org.
As the magnitude, complexity, and urgency of many sustainability problems increase, there is a growing need for universities to contribute more effectively to problem solving. Drawing upon prior research on social-ecological systems, knowledge-action connections, and organizational innovation, we developed an integrated conceptual framework for strengthening the capacity of universities to help society understand and respond to a wide range of sustainability challenges. Based on experiences gained in creating the Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions (Mitchell Center), we tested this framework by evaluating the experiences of interdisciplinary research teams involved in place-based, solutions-oriented research projects at the scale...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis); Interdisciplinary research; Knowledge-action connections: organizational innovation; Place-based solutions; Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions; Social-ecological systems; Solutions-oriented research; Stormwater infrastructure; Sustainability science; Sustainability solutions; Tidal energy development; Universities.
Ano: 2015

Emerging synthesis themes from the study of social-ecological systems of a tropical city
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lugo, Ariel E.; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico; alugo@fs.fed.us; Quintero, Braulio; State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry ; baquinte@syr.edu.
The synthesis of the contributions in this special issue about the tropical city of San Juan has resulted in five themes.  First, the city is subject to multiple vulnerabilities, but socioeconomic factors and education level affect the perception of citizens to those vulnerabilities, even in the face of imminent threat.  Second, in light of the social-ecological conditions of the city, how its citizens and institutions deal with knowledge to respond to vulnerabilities becomes critical to the adaptive capacity of the city.  Third, the relationship between socioeconomic factors and green cover, which in 2002 covered 42% of the city, is not what has been reported for other temperate zone cities. In San Juan, neighborhoods with households of high socioeconomic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Green and blue infrastructure; Information flows; Novel ecosystems; Social-ecological systems; Tropical cities; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Change and Identity in Complex Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu; Collier, John; University of KwaZulu-Natal; collierj@ukzn.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Resilience; Identity; Adaptive cycle; Limitation; Replacement; Random walk; Evolution; Ecosystem; Economy; Society; Social-ecological system; Metamodels.
Ano: 2005

Water scarcity and oil palm expansion: social views and environmental processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tarigan, Suria; Soil and Natural Resources Management, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia; surya.tarigan@yahoo.com; Agusta, Herdhata; Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia; agusta@gmx.at; Gunawan, Dodo; Center of Climate Change and Air Quality, Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta, Indonesia; dodogunawan88@gmail.com; Hein, Jonas; Department for Environmental Policy and Natural Resource Management, German Development Institute, Bonn, Germany; Jonas.Hein@die-gdi.de; Hendrayanto, ; Forest Management Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia; hendrayanto@gmail.com.
Conversions of natural ecosystems, e.g., from rain forests to managed plantations, result in significant changes in the hydrological cycle including periodic water scarcity. In Indonesia, large areas of forest were lost and extensive oil palm plantations were established over the last decades. We conducted a combined social and environmental study in a region of recent land-use change, the Jambi Province on Sumatra. The objective was to derive complementary lines of arguments to provide balanced insights into environmental perceptions and eco-hydrological processes accompanying land-use change. Interviews with villagers highlighted concerns regarding decreasing water levels in wells during dry periods and increasing fluctuations in stream flow between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Eco-hydrology; Environmental perception; Erosion; Evapotranspiration; Forest; Land-use change; Runoff; Rural water supply; Streamflow; Transpiration.
Ano: 2016

Achieving Success under Pressure in the Conservation of Intensely Used Coastal Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Micheli, Fiorenza; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University,  California, USA; micheli@stanford.edu; Niccolini, Federico; Department of Economics, University of Macerata, Macerata,  Italy; fniccolini@unimc.it.
Understanding how biological conservation and socioeconomic development can be harmonized in social-ecological systems is at the core of sustainability science. We present the case of a Mediterranean marine protected area (MPA), the Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA, that exhibits high ecological performance under intense pressure from fishing, tourism, and coastal development. This case study illustrates how socioeconomic development and significant conservation benefits can coexist, even in a challenging context. Based on this case study, we present a framework for what elements and interactions have determined the high ecological performance of this MPA, and highlight the key leverages that have enabled ecosystem recovery. In particular, the most critical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation performance; Marine protected areas; Mediterranean; Social-ecological systems; Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA; Visionary Organization.
Ano: 2013

Graduate students navigating social-ecological research: insights from the Long-Term Ecological Research Network
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Record, Sydne; Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College; srecord@brynmawr.edu; Ferguson, Paige F. B.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; pfferguson@ua.edu; Benveniste, Elise; Department of Sociology, Michigan State University; elisebenveniste@gmail.com; Graves, Rose A; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin&amp;#8211;Madison; ragraves@wisc.edu; Pfeiffer, Vera W; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin&amp;#8211;Madison; vera.w.pfeiffer@gmail.com; Romolini, Michele; Center for Urban Resilience, Loyola Marymount University; michele.romolini@lmu.edu; Yorke, Christie E; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara; christie.yorke@lifesci.ucsb.edu; Beardmore, Ben; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin&amp;#8211;Madison; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; alan.beardmore@wisconsin.gov.
Interdisciplinary, collaborative research capable of capturing the feedbacks between biophysical and social systems can improve the capacity for sustainable environmental decision making. Networks of researchers provide unique opportunities to foster social-ecological inquiry. Although insights into interdisciplinary research have been discussed elsewhere, they rarely address the role of networks and often come from the perspectives of more senior scientists. We have provided graduate student perspectives on interdisciplinary degree paths from within the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. Focusing on data from a survey of graduate students in the LTER Network and four self-identified successful graduate student research experiences, we examined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Epistemology; Graduate students; Integrated Science for Society and Environment; Interdisciplinary; Long-Term Ecological Research Network.
Ano: 2016

Berkes, F., and C. Folke, editors. 1998. Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raufflet, Emmanuel; McGill University; raufflet@management.mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Breeding cooperation: cultural evolution in an intergenerational public goods experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hillis, Vicken; University of California, Davis; avhillis@ucdavis.edu; Lubell, Mark; University of California, Davis; mnlubell@ucdavis.edu.
The transmission of cooperative norms among individuals across generations plays a key role in our ability to successfully manage social&amp;#8211;ecological systems in changing environments. Here, we use an intergenerational public goods experiment combining both cooperative advice and in-game communication in order to examine the transmission of cooperative norms across generations of experimental participants. We show that cooperative intergenerational advice has a positive impact on both (i) contributions by individuals in a subsequent generation and (ii) the cooperative content of communication among individuals in a subsequent generation. The impact of cooperative intergenerational advice is most pronounced at the beginning of the subsequent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural evolution; Intergenerational experiment; Public goods game; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Long-term community responses to droughts in the early modern period: the case study of Terrassa, Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
New challenges posed by global environmental change have motivated scholars to pay growing attention to historical long-term strategies to deal with climate extremes. We aim to understand long-term trends in community responses to cope with droughts, to explain how many preindustrial societies coevolved with local hydro-climatic dynamics and coped with climate extremes over time. The specific goals of this work are: (1) to analyze how local communities experienced droughts over long periods of time and (2) to document the spectrum of recorded community responses to drought. Our research covers over one century (1605-1710) of responses to drought in the community of Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Data were collected through archival research. We reviewed and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Drought; Early modern period; Environmental history.
Ano: 2016

Sustainable Land Use in Mountain Regions Under Global Change: Synthesis Across Scales and Disciplines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch; Brand, Fridolin Simon; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; fridolin.brand@env.ethz.ch; Briner, Simon; Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; briners@ethz.ch; Hirschi, Christian; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Lischke, Heike; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL;; Scholz, Roland Werner; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roland.scholz@env.ethz.ch; Seidl, Roman; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Walz, Ariane; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK; Institute for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam;; Zimmermann, Willi; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich;; Bugmann, Harald; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch.
Mountain regions provide essential ecosystem goods and services (EGS) for both mountain dwellers and people living outside these areas. Global change endangers the capacity of mountain ecosystems to provide key services. The Mountland project focused on three case study regions in the Swiss Alps and aimed to propose land-use practices and alternative policy solutions to ensure the provision of key EGS under climate and land-use changes. We summarized and synthesized the results of the project and provide insights into the ecological, socioeconomic, and political processes relevant for analyzing global change impacts on a European mountain region. In Mountland, an integrative approach was applied, combining methods from economics and the political and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Experiments; Interdisciplinary research; Land-use change; Modeling; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2013

Overfishing Drivers and Opportunities for Recovery in Small-Scale Fisheries of the Midriff Islands Region, Gulf of California, Mexico: the Roles of Land and Sea Institutions in Fisheries Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duberstein, Jennifer N.; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona; jnduby@email.arizona.edu; Torreblanca, Esteban; Pronatura Noroeste, A.C.; etorreblanca@hotmail.com.
Institutions play an important role in shaping individual incentives in complex social-ecological systems, by encouraging or discouraging resource overuse. In the Gulf of California, Mexico, there is widespread evidence of declines in small-scale fishery stocks, largely attributed to policy failures. We investigated formal and informal rules-in-use regulating access and resource use by small-scale fishers in the two most important fishing communities of the Midriff Islands region in the Gulf of California, which share several target species and fishing grounds. The Midriff Islands region is a highly productive area where sustainable use of fisheries resources has been elusive. Our study aimed to inform policy by providing information on how management and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2014

A Handful of Heuristics and Some Propositions for Understanding Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Gunderson, Lance; Emory Universitry; lgunder@emory.edu; Kinzig, Ann; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Carpenter, Steve; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
This paper is a work-in-progress account of ideas and propositions about resilience in social-ecological systems. It articulates our understanding of how these complex systems change and what determines their ability to absorb disturbances in either their ecological or their social domains. We call them &amp;#8220;propositions&amp;#8221; because, although they are useful in helping us understand and compare different social-ecological systems,  they are not sufficiently well defined to be considered formal hypotheses.  These propositions were developed in two workshops, in 2003 and 2004, in which participants compared the dynamics of 15 case studies in a wide range of regions around the world. The propositions raise many questions, and we present a list of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Change; Propositions; Synthesis; Theory; Adaptatability; Transformability.
Ano: 2006

Designing Participation Processes for Water Management and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; yorck.von-korff@lisode.com; d'Aquino, Patrick; CIRAD; daquino@cirad.fr; Daniell, Katherine A; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; Australian National University; katherine.daniell@gmail.com; Bijlsma, Rianne; Deltares; r.m.bijlsma@utwente.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Design guides; Participation; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Applying the social-ecological system framework to the diagnosis of urban lake commons in Bangalore, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; Indiana University; nagendra@atree.org; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Decentralization; Leadership; Peri-urban SES; Polycentricity.
Ano: 2014

Social-ecological memory as a source of general and specified resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Heland, Jacob; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; jacobvonheland@gmail.com.
We explored why social-ecological memory (SEM) is a source of inertia and path dependence, as well as a source of renewal and reorganization in social-ecological systems (SESs). We have presented two case studies: the historical case of the Norse settlement on Greenland and an empirical case from contemporary southern Madagascar. The cases illustrate how SEM is linked to specific pathways of development and a particular set of natural resource management practices. We have shown that in each case, a broader diversity of SEM is present in the SESs, but not drawn upon. Instead, SEMs are part of what explains community coherence and the barriers to adoption of more diverse practices. We have elaborated on how specific SEMs are linked to specified resilience,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: General and specified resilience; Identity; Pathway dependency; Robustness; Social-ecological memory.
Ano: 2014

Learning as You Journey: Anishinaabe Perception of Social-ecological Environments and Adaptive Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson-Hunt, Iain; University of Manitoba; Iain_Davidson-Hunt@umanitoba.ca; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca.
This paper explores the linkages between social-ecological resilience and adaptive learning. We refer to adaptive learning as a method to capture the two-way relationship between people and their social-ecological environment. In this paper, we focus on traditional ecological knowledge. Research was undertaken with the Anishinaabe people of Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent First Nation, in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The research was carried out over two field seasons, with verification workshops following each field season. The methodology was based on site visits and transects determined by the elders as appropriate to answer a specific question, find specific plants, or locate plant communities. During site visits and transect walks, research...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anishinaabe; Canadian North; Adaptive learning; Boreal; Ecological perception; Ethnoecology; Resilience; Social learning; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2003

From Risk Assessment to Knowledge Mapping:  Science, Precaution, and Participation in Disease Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stirling, Andy C.; Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex; a.c.stirling@sussex.ac.uk; Scoones, Ian; Institute for Development Studies, University of Sussex; i.scoones@ids.ac.uk.
Governance of infectious disease risks requires understanding of often indeterminate interactions between diverse, complex, open, and dynamic human and natural systems. In the face of these challenges, worldwide policy making affords disproportionate status to &amp;#8220; science-based&amp;#8221;  risk-assessment methods. These reduce multiple, complex dimensions to simple quantitative parameters of &amp;#8220;outcomes&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;probabilities,&amp;#8221;  and then re-aggregate across diverse metrics, contexts, and perspectives to yield a single ostensibly definitive picture of risk. In contrast, more precautionary or participatory approaches are routinely portrayed as less rigorous, complete, or robust. Yet, although conventional...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Ignorance; Participation; Precaution; Risk; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009

Cultivating Communication: Participatory Approaches in Land Restoration in Iceland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berglund, Brita; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland; brita@lbhi.is; Hallgren, Lars; Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ; Lars.Hallgren@slu.se.
Stakeholder participation in environmental management is increasing. Staff of environmental agencies, however, often lack training in communication and in conducting participatory processes. Their interpretation of &amp;#8220;participation&amp;#8221; is of interest because interpretation affects how participation is practiced. We explored how participation was interpreted within the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland and how the interpretation affected how participation was carried out in two land restoration projects. Our methods included semi-structured interviews with agency staff and involved stakeholders, participant observations, and document review. The findings showed that participation was seen as a method to accomplish the agency&amp;#8217;s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Influence; Interaction; Interpretation of participation; Joint gains; Land restoration; Participatory approaches; Participatory processes.
Ano: 2013

Public Attitudes to GM Technology and Public Policy Comments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morris, Shane; University of Limerick; morris@uoguelph.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Extinction Risk in Successional Landscapes Subject to Catastrophic Disturbances
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boughton, David; Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; david.boughton@noaa.gov; Malvadkar, Urmila; Princeton University; malvadkr@princeton.edu.
We explore the thesis that stochasticity in successional-disturbance systems can be an agent of species extinction. The analysis uses a simple model of patch dynamics for seral stages in an idealized landscape; each seral stage is assumed to support a specialist biota. The landscape as a whole is characterized by a mean patch birth rate, mean patch size, and mean lifetime for each patch type. Stochasticity takes three forms: (1) patch stochasticity is randomness in the birth times and sizes of individual patches, (2) landscape stochasticity is variation in the annual means of birth rate and size, and (3) turnover mode is whether a patch is eliminated by disturbance or by successional change. Analytical and numerical analyses of the model suggest that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Catastrophe; Dispersal; Disturbance; Extinction; Landscape; Metapopulation; Patch dynamics; Patchy population; Succession.
Ano: 2002

Assessing Extinction Risk: Integrating Genetic Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dunham, Jason; University of Nevada-Reno; jdunham@proaxis.com; Peacock, Mary; University of Nevada-Reno; mpeacock@scs.unr.edu; Tracy, C. Richard; University of Nevada-Reno; dtracy@unr.edu; Nielsen, Jennifer; Stanford University; jnielsen@leland.stanford.edu; Vinyard, Gary; University of Nevada-Reno; gvinyard@med.unr.edu.
Risks of population extinction have been estimated using a variety of methods incorporating information from different spatial and temporal scales. We briefly consider how several broad classes of extinction risk assessments, including population viability analysis, incidence functions, and ranking methods integrate information on different temporal and spatial scales. In many circumstances, data from surveys of neutral genetic variability within, and among, populations can provide information useful for assessing extinction risk. Patterns of genetic variability resulting from past and present ecological and demographic events, can indicate risks of extinction that are otherwise difficult to infer from ecological and demographic analyses alone. We provide...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Extinction risk; Genetic variation; Incidence function analysis; Population viability analysis; Ranking methods; Risk assessment; Spatial scale; Temporal scale.
Ano: 1999

Consequences of Environmental Service Payments for Forest Retention and Recruitment in a Costa Rican Biological Corridor
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Wayde C; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); University of Idaho-Moscow; morsewc@auburn.edu; Schedlbauer, Jessica L; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); University of Idaho-Moscow; jschedlb@fiu.edu; Sesnie, Steven E; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); University of Idaho-Moscow;; Finegan, Bryan; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE);; Harvey, Celia A; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); Conservation International;; Hollenhorst, Steven J; University of Idaho-Moscow;; Kavanagh, Kathleen L; University of Idaho-Moscow;; Stoian, Dietmar; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE);; Wulfhorst, J. D.; University of Idaho-Moscow;.
Compensation to landowners for forest-derived environmental services has gained international recognition as a mechanism to combat forest loss and fragmentation. This approach is widely promoted, although there is little evidence demonstrating that environmental service payments encourage forest stewardship and conservation. Costa Rica provides a unique case study in which a 1996 Forestry Law initiated environmental service payments and prohibited forest conversion to other land uses. We examined these novel policies to determine their influence on landowner decisions that affect forest change, carbon services, and connectivity in a 2425 km&amp;#178; biological corridor. We used Landsat images to compare land-cover changes before and after 1996, and linked...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2009

Time Series of Landscape Fragmentation Caused by Transportation Infrastructure and Urban Development: a Case Study from Baden-W&amp;#252;rttemberg, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Concordia University; jjaeger@alcor.concordia.ca; Schwarz-von Raumer, Hans-Georg; University of Stuttgart; svr@ilpoe.uni-stuttgart.de; Esswein, Heide; University of Stuttgart; he@ilpoe.uni-stuttgart.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Effective mesh size; Environmental indicators; Landscape change; Landscape fragmentation; Landscape indices; Monitoring; Railroads; Roads; Sustainable development; Time series; Traffic; Urban sprawl.
Ano: 2007

Connecting Social Networks with Ecosystem Services for Watershed Governance: a Social-Ecological Network Perspective Highlights the Critical Role of Bridging Organizations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rathwell, Kaitlyn J; University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; kaitlyn.rathwell@uwaterloo.ca; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; garry.peterson@stockholmresilience.su.se.
In many densely settled agricultural watersheds, water quality is a point of conflict between amenity and agricultural activities because of the varied demands and impacts on shared water resources. Successful governance of these watersheds requires coordination among different activities. Recent research has highlighted the role that social networks between management entities can play to facilitate cross-scale interaction in watershed governance. For example, bridging organizations can be positioned in social networks to bridge local initiatives done by single municipalities across whole watersheds. To better understand the role of social networks in social-ecological system dynamics, we combine a social network analysis of the water quality management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural watershed  agriculture  bridging organization  ecosystem services  Mont&amp;#233; R&amp;#233; Gie  Richelieu River Qu&amp;#233; Bec  social-ecological feedback  social-ecological system  social network analysis  social networks  tourism  two-mode network  water quality  watershed  watershed management  Yamaska River Qu&amp;#233; Bec.
Ano: 2012

Distributional effects of flood risk management&amp;#8212;a cross-country comparison of preflood compensation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J.; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School of Law, The Netherlands; w.j.hoekveld@uu.nl; Suykens, Cathy; KU Leuven, Belgium; cathy.suykens@kuleuven.be; Homewood, Stephen; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University London, England; stephenhomewood@yahoo.co.uk; Chmielewski, Piotr J.; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; piotr.chmielewski1990@gmail.com; Matczak, Piotr; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Institute of Sociology, Adam Mickiewicz University; matczak@amu.edu.pl; van Rijswick, Helena F.M.W; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School of Law, The Netherlands; H.vanRijswick@uu.nl.
We seek to examine the manner in which either the EU member states of France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden or parts of them, such as the country of England in the UK or the Flemish Region in Belgium, deal with the distributional effects of the flood risk management strategies prevention, defense, and mitigation. Measures carried out in each of these strategies can cause preflood harm, as in the devaluation of property or loss of income. However, different member states and authorities address this harm in different ways. A descriptive overview of the different compensation regimes in the field of flood risk management is followed by an analysis of these differences and an explanation of what may cause them, such as the geographical differences that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Defense; &amp;#233; Galit&amp;#233; Devant les charges publiques; Equity; Flood risk management; Legitimacy; Loss; No-fault liability; Preflood compensation; Prevention; Protection of property rights; Solidarity; Spatial planning.
Ano: 2016

Independent Associations of Maternal Education and Household Wealth with Malaria Risk in Children
Provedor de dados: 7
Despite evidence that they play similar but independent roles, maternal education and household wealth are usually conflated in studies of the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on malaria risk. Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey data from nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa were used to explore the relationship of malaria parasitemia in children with SES factors at individual and cluster scales, controlling for urban/rural residence and other important covariates. In multilevel logistic regression modeling, completion of six years of maternal schooling was associated with significantly lower odds of infection in children (OR = 0.73), as was a household wealth index at the 40th percentile compared to the lowest percentile (OR =...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demographic and Health Survey; DHS; Malaria; Malaria Indicator Survey; Maternal education; MIS; Multilevel modeling; Socioeconomic factors.
Ano: 2014

Cross-Scale Value Trade-Offs in Managing Social-Ecological Systems: The Politics of Scale in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zia, Asim; Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont; Asim.Zia@uvm.edu; Hirsch, Paul; Department of Environmental Studies SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse NY ; pahirsch@maxwell.syr.edu; Songorwa, Alexander; Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania ; bhugoji@yahoo.com; Mutekanga, David R.; Wildlife Conservation Society, Ruaha National Park, Tanzania; DMutekanga@wcs.org; O'Connor, Sheila; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ ; soconnor@wwf.org.uk; McShane, Thomas; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ ; mcshane@bluewin.ch; Brosius, Peter; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA ; pbrosius@uga.edu; Norton, Bryan; School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA; bryan.norton@pubpolicy.gatech.edu.
Management of social-ecological systems takes place amidst complex governance processes and cross-scale institutional arrangements that are mediated through politics of scale. Each management scenario generates distinct cross-scale trade-offs in the distribution of pluralistic values. This study explores the hypothesis that conservation-oriented management scenarios generate higher value for international and national scale social organizations, whereas mixed or more balanced management scenarios generate higher value for local scale social organizations. This hypothesis is explored in the management context of Ruaha National Park (RNP), Tanzania, especially the 2006 expansion of RNP that led to the eviction of many pastoralists and farmers. Five...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Complexity; Ecological valuation; Economic development; Politics of scale; Social-ecological systems; Trade-off analysis.
Ano: 2011

Enrichment Planting in Secondary Forests: a Promising Clean Development Mechanism to Increase Terrestrial Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hawryshyn, Jessica; Department of Biology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; jessica.hawryshyn@gmail.com; Senikas, Alexandra Vyta; Department of Biology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; alexandra.senikas@mail.mcgill.ca; Potvin, Catherine; Department of Biology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca.
With the increasing need to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations, afforestation and reforestation (A/R) projects are being implemented under the Kyoto Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and under the voluntary carbon (C) market. The specific objective of A/R C projects is to enhance terrestrial sinks. They could also provide low-income communities in developing countries with a source of revenue, as well as a number of ecological and social services. However, feasibility issues have hindered implementation of A/R CDMs. We propose enrichment planting (EP) in old fallow using high-value native timber species as a land-use alternative and a small-scale C projects opportunity. We present EP in the context of ongoing work in a poor indigenous community in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Carbon sequestration; Clean development mechanism; Enrichment planting; Indigenous communities; Payments for environmental services; Secondary forests.
Ano: 2009

Probing the interfaces between the social sciences and social-ecological resilience: insights from integrative and hybrid perspectives in the social sciences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stone-Jovicich, Samantha; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Adaptive Social and Economic Sciences Program; samantha.stone-jovicich@csiro.au.
Social scientists, and scholars in related interdisciplinary fields, have critiqued resilience thinking&amp;#8217;s oversimplification of social dimensions of coupled social-ecological systems. Resilience scholars have countered with &amp;#8220;where is the ecology&amp;#8221; in social analyses? My aim is to contribute to current efforts to strengthen inter- and transdisciplinary debate and inquiry between the social-ecological resilience community and the social sciences. I synthesize three social science perspectives, which stress the complex, dynamic, and multiscalar interconnections between the biophysical and social realms in explaining social-environmental change, and which place both the social and ecology centre stage in their analyses:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Actor-network theory; Agency; ANT; Human-environment relations; Hybrid perspectives; Interdisciplinary; Normative issues; Political ecology; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social sciences; Social systems; Transdisciplinary; World systems analysis.
Ano: 2015

The Value of Tropical Forest to Local Communities: Complications, Caveats, and Cautions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); d.sheil@cgiar.org; Wunder, Sven; CIFOR  (Center for International Forestry Research); S.Wunder@cgiar.org.
The methods used to value tropical forests have the potential to influence how policy makers and others perceive forest lands. A small number of valuation studies achieve real impact. These are generally succinct accounts supporting a specific perception. However, such reports risk being used to justify inappropriate actions. The end users of such results are rarely those who produced them, and misunderstanding of key details is a concern. One defense is to ensure that shortcomings and common pitfalls are better appreciated by the ultimate users. In this article, we aim to reduce such risks by discussing how valuation studies should be assessed and challenged by users.  We consider two concise, high-profile valuation papers here, by Peters and colleagues...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural anthropology; Forest valuation; Indigenous people; Land-use change; Livelihood security; Local participation; Measurement biases; Nontimber forest products; Policy priorities; Tropical deforestation; Unit-area values; Unit-time values.
Ano: 2002

Quantifying Expected Ecological Response to Natural Resource Legislation: a Case Study of Riparian Buffers, Aquatic Habitat, and Trout Populations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Krista L; Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia; kjones@eco-metrics.com; Poole, Geoffrey C; Eco-metrics, Inc. and Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia; gpoole@eco-metrics.com; Meyer, Judy L; Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia; jlmeyer@uga.edu; Bumback, William; River Basin Center, University of Georgia; wbumback@uga.edu; Kramer, Elizabeth A; Natural Resources Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Georgia; lkramer@uga.edu.
Regulations governing the management of streamside vegetation (riparian buffers) lie at a nexus between environmental, social, and land development interests, and can yield especially contentious debates among stakeholders.  In 2001, the State Legislature of Georgia, USA, took up this debate; the Legislature reduced the minimum width of mandatory-forested riparian buffers along designated trout streams from &amp;#8764;30 m (100 ft) to &amp;#8764;15 m (50 ft), and commissioned this study to assess the expected response of existing trout populations.  Because our research was designed to provide rigorous and accessible data for informing this management debate, this research may serve as a general template for other studies designed to inform regulatory and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Georgia; Natural resource legislation; Riparian buffer width; Scientific assessment; Sediment; Southern Appalachians; Stream temperature; Trout.
Ano: 2006

Common and Privatized: Conditions for Wise Management of Matsutake Mushrooms in Northwest Yunnan Province, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yang, Xuefei; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; xuefei@mail.kib.ac.cn; Wilkes, Andreas; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), China Program; awilkes@mail.kib.ac.cn; Yang, Yongping; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yangyp@mail.kib.ac.cn; Xu, Jianchu; Laboratory of Ethnobotany, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), China Program; jxu@mail.kib.ac.cn; Geslani, Cheryl S; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; geslani@hawaii.edu; Yang, Xueqing; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yangxueqing@mail.kib.a.cn; Gao, Feng; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; gaofeng@mail.kib.ac.cn; Yang, Jiankun; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; yjk@mail.kib.ac.cn; Robinson, Brian; University of Wisconsin-Madison; berobinson@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resource; Management strategies; Matsutake mushroom; Open access; Privatization; Yunnan Province.
Ano: 2009

Using Participatory Scenario Planning to Identify Ecosystem Services in Changing Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Malinga, Rebecka; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; rebecka.malinga@stockholmresilience.su.se; Gordon, Line J.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; line.gordon@stockholmresilience.su.se; Lindborg, Regina; Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University; regina.lindborg@natgeo.su.se; Jewitt, Graham; Centre for Water Resources Research, Umgeni Water Chair of Water Resources Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal ; jewittg@ukzn.ac.za.
There is a growing interest in assessing ecosystem services to improve ecosystem management in landscapes containing a mix of different ecosystems. While methodologies for assessing ecosystem services are constantly improving, only little attention has been given to the identification of which ecosystem services to assess. Service selection is mostly based on current state of the landscape although many landscapes are both inherently complex and rapidly changing. In this study we examine whether scenario development, a tool for dealing with uncertainties and complexities of the future, gives important insights into the selection of ecosystem services in changing landscapes. Using an agricultural landscape in South Africa we compared different sets of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Complexity; Ecosystem services; Future; Landscape; Scenarios; Social-ecological systems; South Africa; Uncertainties.
Ano: 2013

Reconciling contradictory narratives of landscape change using the adaptive cycle: a case study from southeastern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rawluk, Andrea; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University; arawluk@csu.edu.au; Curtis, Allan; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University ; acurtis@csu.edu.au.
This paper addresses the methodological challenge of exposing and reconciling contradictory narratives of change in a social-ecological system (SES). Our research occurred in the Ovens Valley in southeastern Australia. Other studies have used the adaptive cycle to interpret change, but those efforts have been based on researcher-derived interpretations. We drew on the Factors Actors Sectors framework as a structure for coding qualitative interview data provided by key informants. Our analysis suggested that interpretations of SES change fell into three groups: farmers, employees of government and local organizations, and local politicians. Those narratives were then overlaid on the adaptive cycle as a way of exposing and interpreting the narratives. To...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Landscape change; Narratives.
Ano: 2016

Combining Policy Network and Model-Based Scenario Analyses: An Assessment of Future Ecosystem Goods and Services in Swiss Mountain Regions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hirschi, Christian; Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Widmer, Alexander; Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); widmeale@env.ethz.ch; Briner, Simon; Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); briners@ethz.ch; Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch.
We argue that the often-proclaimed disregard of ex-ante assessments of the provision of ecosystem goods and services in policy-making processes is not only due to a neglect or a misinterpretation of the results of such assessments in the relevant political processes, but also due to an inaccurate inclusion of political variables into those assessments. To address this weakness, we combine a model-based scenario analysis with a policy network analysis. Analyzing the structure of the policy network and taking into account the policy preferences of the individual network actors allows us to assess the feasibility and likelihood of policy developments as derived from scenario-based modeling assessments. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach in an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Ecosystem goods and services; Ex-ante assessments; Model-based scenario analysis; Mountain regions; Policy network analysis; Switzerland.
Ano: 2013

Resilience and adaptability of rice terrace social-ecological systems: a case study of a local community&amp;#8217;s perception in Banaue, Philippines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Castonguay, Adam C; University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem Management; Monash University, Department of Civil Engineering; adam.charette.castonguay@monash.edu; Burkhard, Benjamin; University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem Management; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); bburkhard@ecology.uni-kiel.de; Horgan, Finbarr G; Crop and Environmental Science Division, International Rice Research Institute; f.horgan@irri.org; Settele, Josef; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; iDiv, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig; josef.settele@ufz.de.
The social-ecological systems of rice terraces across Southeast Asia are the result of centuries of long-term interactions between human communities and their surrounding ecosystems. Processes and structures in these systems have evolved to provide a diversity of ecosystem services and benefits to human societies. However, as Southeast Asian countries experience rapid economic growth and related land-use changes, the remaining extensive rice cultivation systems are increasingly under pressure. We investigated the long-term development of ecosystem services and the adaptive capacity of the social-ecological system of rice terrace landscapes using a case study of Banaue (Ifugao Province, Northern-Luzon, Philippines). A set of indicators was used to describe...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Agroecosystems; Complex adaptive systems; Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Ifugao Rice Terraces.
Ano: 2016

Strong connections, loose coupling: the influence of the Bering Sea ecosystem on commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haynie, Alan C; Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; alan.haynie@noaa.gov; Huntington, Henry P; Eagle River, Alaska; hph@alaska.net.
Human-environment connections are the subject of much study, and the details of those connections are crucial factors in effective environmental management. In a large, interdisciplinary study of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem involving disciplines from physical oceanography to anthropology, one of the research teams examined commercial fisheries and another looked at subsistence harvests by Alaska Natives. Commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests are extensive, demonstrating strong connections between the ecosystem and the humans who use it. At the same time, however, both research teams concluded that the influence of ecosystem conditions on the outcomes of human activities was weaker than anticipated. Likely explanations of this apparently loose...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bering Sea; Commercial fisheries; Ecosystem studies; Human-environment connections; Subsistence.
Ano: 2016

Relating Biodiversity and Landscape Spatial Patterning to Land Ownership Regimes in Northeastern Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Land legislation has changed dramatically in Mexico during recent years, putting greater emphasis on the integration of free market policies into local production methods. In a country like Mexico, replacement of traditional methods of production may result in the loss of practices that protect the natural environment. With the objective of providing baseline information for future conservation and/or land management programs, I evaluated how landscape patterning and the richness of bird and mammal species varied among current land ownership sizes and types, applying a stratified scheme that controlled for potential variation among different physiographic regions. I characterized landscape spatial patterning using the aggregation index, Shannon's Diversity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based ownership; Land ownership regime; Landscape patterning; Private-based ownership; Species richness.
Ano: 2007

The Systems Approach Framework as a Complementary Methodology of Adaptive Management: a Case Study in the Urban Beaches of Barcelona
Provedor de dados: 7
The Systems Approach Framework is a methodological framework designed to enhance the efficacy of human decision-making processes within social-ecological systems with regard to sustainability. The objective of resilience adaptive management is to either maintain the system within the current regime such that the desired ecosystem goods and services continue to be delivered, or to move the system phase to a preferred regime. Although the objectives of the two frameworks are not exactly the same, there are considerable complementarities between them. Through application of the Systems Approach Framework in a case study regarding the urban beaches of Barcelona, Spain, we present some of the main findings revealed during the model construction and stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Barcelona; Coastal management; Spain; Systems Approach Framework; Urban beach.
Ano: 2011

Politics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tillotson, Michael; ; miket@mr.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Biophysical and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Forest Transitions at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yackulic, Charles B; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University ; c_yackulic@yahoo.com; Fagan, Matthew ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; mef2153@columbia.edu; Jain, Meha; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; mj2415@columbia.edu; Jina, Amir; Sustainability Program, Columbia University; amirjina@gmail.com; Lim, Yili; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University ; yilime@gmail.com; Marlier, Miriam; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University; miriammarlier@gmail.com; Muscarella, Robert; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; rm2824@columbia.edu; Adame, Patricia; Forest Research Centre (CIFOR-INIA), Madrid, Spain ; adame.patricia@inia.es; DeFries, Ruth; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; rd2402@columbia.edu; Uriarte, Maria; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; mu2126@columbia.edu.
Forest transitions (FT) occur when socioeconomic development leads to a shift from net deforestation to reforestation; these dynamics have been observed in multiple countries across the globe, including the island of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean. Starting in the 1950s, Puerto Rico transitioned from an agrarian to a manufacturing and service economy reliant on food imports, leading to extensive reforestation. In recent years, however, net reforestation has leveled off. Here we examine the drivers of forest transition in Puerto Rico from 1977 to 2000 at two subnational, nested spatial scales (municipality and barrio) and over two time periods (1977-1991 and 1991-2000). This study builds on previous work by considering the social and biophysical factors that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural abandonment; Deforestation; Forest transition; Puerto Rico; Reforestation.
Ano: 2011

How Forest Management affects Ecosystem Services, including Timber Production and Economic Return: Synergies and Trade-Offs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Forest and Landscape Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; krr@life.ku.dk; Gundersen, Per; Forest and Landscape Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; PGU@life.ku.dk; Katzensteiner, Klaus; Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria; klaus.katzensteiner@boku.ac.at; De Jong, Johnny; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; johnny.de.jong@cbm.slu.se; Ravn, Hans Peter; Forest and Landscape Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; hpr@life.ku.dk; Smith, Mike; Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, UK; Mike.Smith@forestry.gsi.gov.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative forest management strategies; Biodiversity; Carbon sequestration; Forest ecosystem services; Forest productivity; Soil fertility; Timber production; Water quantity.
Ano: 2012

Toward a Theory of Integrated Urban Ecology: Complementing Pickett et al.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mugerauer, Robert; University of Washington; drbobm@u.washington.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical-social systems; Concepts; Epistemology; Theory; Urban ecosystems.
Ano: 2010

Using Short-Term Monitoring Data to Achieve Goals in a Large-Scale Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Evju, Marianne; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; marianne.evju@nina.no.
To evaluate the outcome of restoration projects, an overall goal, reformulated to specific subgoals or targets, must be explicit and translated into scientifically measurable ecological attributes. Monitoring ecological attributes is necessary to assess restoration progress. Data from long-term monitoring are rarely available when restoration interventions are planned and implemented. In this study, we show how short-term monitoring data are incorporated into the planning of the large-scale restoration of a former military training area: the largest restoration project approved in Norway, covering more than 165 km&amp;#178; and intended to enhance nature conservation.   A pilot project was initiated in 2002 that removed 1.2 km of roads and tested three...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Alpine; Ecological attributes; Restoration success; Restoration target; Species richness; Vegetation cover.
Ano: 2013

Forest Management Approaches for Coping with the Uncertainty of Climate Change: Trade-Offs in Service Provisioning and Adaptability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wagner, Sven; Chair of Silviculture, TU-Dresden; wagner@forst.tu-dresden.de; Nocentini, Susanna; Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence; susanna.nocentini@unifi.it; Huth, Franka; Chair of Silviculture, TU-Dresden; mario@forst.tu-dresden.de; Hoogstra-Klein, Marjanke; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University; Marjanke.Hoogstra@wur.nl.
The issue of rapid change in environmental conditions under which ecosystem processes and human interventions will take place in the future is relatively new to forestry, whereas the provision of ecosystem services, e.g., timber or fresh water, is at the very heart of the original concept of forest management. Forest managers have developed ambitious deterministic approaches to provide the services demanded, and thus the use of deterministic approaches for adapting to climate change seem to be a logical continuation. However, as uncertainty about the intensity of climate change is high, forest managers need to answer this uncertainty conceptually. One may envision an indeterministic approach to cope with this uncertainty; but how the services will be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem services; Forest management strategies; Flexibility; Forest structure; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2014

Cultural Ecosystem Services: A Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Cultural ecosystem services constitute a growing field of research that is characterized by an increasing number of publications from various academic disciplines. We conducted a semiquantitative review of publications explicitly dealing with cultural ecosystem services. Our aims were: (1) to provide an overview of the current state of research, (2) to classify the diversity of research approaches by identifying clusters of publications that address cultural ecosystem services in similar ways, and (3) to highlight some important challenges for the future of cultural ecosystem services research. We reviewed 107 publications and extracted 20 attributes describing their type and content, including methods, scales, drivers of change, and trade-offs between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aesthetic values; Bundling; CES valuation; Cluster analysis; Cultural heritage; Cultural landscapes; Drivers of change; Intangible benefits; Landscape values; Nonuse values; Policy implications; Recreation and ecotourism.
Ano: 2013

Resilience in Pre-contact Pacific Northwest Social Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trosper, Ronald L; Northern Arizona University; Ronald.Trosper@nau.edu.
If, like other ecosystems, the variable and dynamic ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest exhibited cycles and unpredictable behavior, particularly when humans were present, the indigenous societies of that region had to have been resilient in order to persist for such a long time. They persisted for two millennia prior to contact with people from the &amp;#8220;old world.&amp;#8221; The Resilience Alliance (2002) proposes that social and ecological resilience requires three abilities: the ability to buffer, the ability to self-organize, and the ability to learn. This paper suggests that the characteristics of the potlatch system among Indians on the Northwest Coast, namely property rights, environmental ethics, rules of earning and holding titles, public...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Northwest Coast; Adaptive management; Buffering disturbance; Environmental ethics; Indigenous societies; Property rights; Reciprocity; Resilience; Self-organization.
Ano: 2003

Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Improve Holistic Fisheries Management: Transdisciplinary Modeling of a Lagoon Ecosystem of Southern Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Espinoza-Tenorio, Alejandro; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Villahermosa; aespinoza@ecosur.mx; Wolff, Matthias; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology; Matthias.Wolff@zmt-bremen.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consensus-building process; Ecosystem-level management alternatives; Fishing seascape; Loop analysis; Pressure-state-response framework; Traditional ecological knowledge; Transdisciplinary modeling.
Ano: 2013

A pedagogical model for integrative training in conservation and sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Welch-Devine, Meredith; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Graduate School, University of Georgia; mwdevine@uga.edu; Hardy, Dean; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; rdhardy@uga.edu; Brosius, J. Peter; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; pbrosius@uga.edu; Heynen, Nik; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; nheynen@uga.edu.
The benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary training are well documented, and several reviews have discussed the particular importance of interdisciplinary training for conservation scholars and practitioners.  We discuss the progress within one university program to implement specific training models, elements, and tools designed to move beyond remaining barriers to graduate-level, interdisciplinary conservation education.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Graduate education; Integrative; Interdisciplinary; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

Design and Analysis of Conservation Projects in Latin America: an Integrative Approach to Training
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Galindo-Leal, Carlos; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; C.GALINDO@CONSERVATION.ORG.
The Latin American countries have a disproportionate importance in global biodiversity conservation. Six of the 14 megadiversity countries that house 60&amp;#8211;70% of the species in the world are located on this region. Unfortunately, the number of environmental professionals in Latin America is extremely small. Furthermore, most of them have no postgraduate degrees and are unacquainted with general research methodology and recently developed concepts and tools. In addition, many speak no English and have no way to communicate with colleagues in other parts of the world. In collaboration with Latin American colleagues, universities, government agencies, and nongovernment organizations, I have been developing an integrated field course titled "Design and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Capacity building; Conservation projects; Field courses; Latin America; Project analysis; Project design.
Ano: 2001

Using crowdsourced imagery to detect cultural ecosystem services: a case study in South Wales, UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gliozzo, Gianfranco; Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; g.gliozzo@ucl.ac.uk; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; Nathalie.Pettorelli@ioz.ac.uk; Haklay, Mordechai (Muki); Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; m.haklay@ucl.ac.uk.
Within ecological research and environmental management, there is currently a focus on demonstrating the links between human well-being and wildlife conservation. Within this framework, there is a clear interest in better understanding how and why people value certain places over others. We introduce a new method that measures cultural preferences by exploring the potential of multiple online georeferenced digital photograph collections. Using ecological and social considerations, our study contributes to the detection of places that provide cultural ecosystem services. The degree of appreciation of a specific place is derived from the number of people taking and sharing pictures of it. The sequence of decisions and actions taken to share a digital picture...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crowdsourcing; Cultural ecosystem services; Environmental spaces detection; Online imagery; Social preferences; Spatial analysis; Volunteered geographic information (VGI).
Ano: 2016

Synthesis of human-nature feedbacks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hull, Vanessa; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; hullvane@msu.edu; Tuanmu, Mao-Ning; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; mao-ning.tuanmu@yale.edu; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu.
In today&amp;#8217;s globalized world, humans and nature are inextricably linked. The coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework provides a lens with which to understand such complex interactions. One of the central components of the CHANS framework involves examining feedbacks among human and natural systems, which form when effects from one system on another system feed back to affect the first system. Despite developments in understanding feedbacks in single disciplines, interdisciplinary research on CHANS feedbacks to date is scant and often site-specific, a shortcoming that prevents complex coupled systems from being fully understood. The special feature &amp;#8220;Exploring Feedbacks in Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS)&amp;#8221;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Feedback; Policy; Sustainability; Telecoupling; Time lag.
Ano: 2015

Enabling Effective Problem-oriented Research for Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kueffer, Christoph; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich; kueffer@env.ethz.ch; Underwood, Evelyn; Alliance for Global Sustainability, ETH Zurich;; Hirsch Hadorn, Gertrude; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Holderegger, Rolf; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich; WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute;; Pohl, Christian; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Schirmer, Mario; Eawag;; Stauffacher, Michael; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Wuelser, Gabriela; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Edwards, Peter; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich; Alliance for Global Sustainability, ETH Zurich;.
Environmental problems caused by human activities are increasing; biodiversity is disappearing at an unprecedented rate, soils are being irreversibly damaged, freshwater is increasingly in short supply, and the climate is changing. To reverse or even to reduce these trends will require a radical transformation in the relationship between humans and the natural environment. Just how this can be achieved within, at most, a few decades is unknown, but it is clear that academia must play a crucial role. Many believe, however, that academic institutions need to become more effective in helping societies move toward sustainability. We first synthesize current thinking about this crisis of research effectiveness. We argue that those involved in producing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinarity; Knowing-doing gap; Outreach; Participation; Post-normal science; Problem-oriented research; Research partnership; Research policy; Science-policy nexus; Social learning; Transdisciplinarity; Transition management.
Ano: 2012

Adaptive Management Fitness of Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Porzecanski, Ignacio; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida.; igna@ufl.edu; Saunders, Lynn V. ; H. T. Odum Center for Wetlands Phelps Lab, University of Florida, Gainesville.; saunderslv@gmail.com; Brown, Mark T.; H. T. Odum Center for Wetlands Phelps Lab, University of Florida; mtb@ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive Management; Decision-making; Environmental condition; Indicators; Management prescriptions; Watersheds.
Ano: 2012

Rural local institutions and climate change adaptation in forest communities in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peach Brown, H. Carolyn; University of Prince Edward Island; hcpbrown@upei.ca; Sonwa, Denis J.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); D.SONWA@CGIAR.ORG.
Surveys and interviews were used to understand community resilience in forest-dependent communities facing climate change in Cameroon. Surveys of 232 individuals showed a diversity of formal and informal institutions that relate to most aspects of rural life. Although direct activities related to climate change adaptation were limited, the activities and density of membership in rural local institutions could increase the community&amp;#8217;s adaptive capacity. Twenty-six semistructured interviews were also conducted with representatives of diverse local institutions who had some responsibility for agriculture, forests, conservation, or development. Local governmental institutions had not received any information from the national level and were limited...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Community forests; Local institutions; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

An Overview of the Implications of Global Change for Natural and Managed Terrestrial Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Steffen, Will; ; Will.Steffen@dwe.csiro.au.
Global change is the net effect of individual and interactive effects of changes in land use, atmospheric composition, biological diversity, and climate.  A synthesis of the past six years' activities of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems project of the IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) deals with global change effects as ecosystem responses and living with global change. Ecosystem responses are considered in terms of changes in function and vegetation composition/structure. Field experiments of elevated CO2 effects on aboveground biomass show, on average, a positive effect on biomass, ranging from -20% to +80%. Some early predictions of CO2 effects (C3 vs. C4 plants, N-fixers, C:N in litter) are not generally supported, and it...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biomes; Carbon dioxide; Climate; Dynamics; Ecosystem functioning; Global change; Impacts; Land use; Terrestrial biosphere; Vegetation changes.
Ano: 1997

Assessing Management Regimes in Transboundary River Basins: Do They Support Adaptive Management?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raadgever, G.T. (Tom); Centre for River Basin Administration, Delft University of Technology; G.T.Raadgever@tudelft.nl; Mostert, Erik; Centre for River Basin Administration, Delft University of Technology; E.Mostert@tudelft.nl; Kranz, Nicole; Ecologic - Institute for International and European Environmental Policy; Kranz@ecologic.de; Interwies, Eduard; InterSus - Sustainability Services; Interwies@intersus.eu; Timmerman, Jos G.; RWS Centre for Water Management; J.G.Timmerman@riza.rws.minvenw.nl.
River basin management is faced with complex problems that are characterized by uncertainty and change. In transboundary river basins, historical, legal, and cultural differences add to the complexity. The literature on adaptive management gives several suggestions for handling this complexity. It recognizes the importance of management regimes as enabling or limiting adaptive management, but there is no comprehensive overview of regime features that support adaptive management. This paper presents such an overview, focused on transboundary river basin management. It inventories the features that have been claimed to be central to effective transboundary river basin management and refines them using adaptive management literature. It then collates these...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Management regime; Orange; Rhine; River basin; Transboundary.
Ano: 2008

Markets Drive the Specialization Strategies of Forest Peoples
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Belcher, Brian; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.belcher@cgiar.org; Achdiawan, Ramadhani; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); r.achdiawan@cgiar.org; Alexiades, Miguel; University of Kent at Canterbury; mna@kent.ac.uk; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.campbell@cgiar.org; Cunningham, Tony; World Wildlife Fund/UNESCO/Kew People and Plants Initiative; peopleplants@bigpond.com; Fantini, Alfredo; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; afantini@cca.ufsc.br; Gautam, Krishna H; Hokkaido University; khgautam@yahoo.com; de Jong, Wil; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); w.de-jong@cgiar.org; Kusters, Koen; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); k.kusters@cgiar.org; Kutty, M. Govindan; Sylva conS; sylvacon@md5.vsnl.net.id; Fu, Maoyi; Chinese Academy of Forestry; fmy@fy.hz.zj.cn; Nair, T.K. Raghavan; Sylva conS; tkrnair@hotmail.com; Ndoye, Ousseynou; CIFOR-Cameroon; o.ndoye@cgiar.org; Ocampo, Rafael; ; quassia@racsa.co.cr; Rai, Nitin; ; nitinrai@vsnl.com; Schreckenberg, Kate; Overseas Development Institute; k.schreckenberg@odi.org.uk; Shackleton, Sheona; Rhodes University; s.shackleton@ru.ac.za; Shanley, Patricia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.shanley@cgiar.org; Sunderland, Terry; African Rattan Research Programme; afrirattan@aol.com; Youn, Yeo-Chang; Seoul National University; youn@snu.ac.kr.
Engagement in the market changes the opportunities and strategies of forest-related peoples. Efforts to support rural development need to better understand the potential importance of markets and the way people respond to them. To this end, we compared 61 case studies of the commercial production and trade of nontimber forest products from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The results show that product use is shaped by local markets and institutions, resource abundance, and the relative level of development. Larger regional patterns are also important. High-value products tend to be managed intensively by specialized producers and yield substantially higher incomes than those generated by the less specialized producers of less managed, low-value products....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Forest use; Market development; Nontimber forest products; Poverty; Resource management; Specialization.
Ano: 2004

Local Community Attitudes toward Forests Outside Protected Areas in India. Impact of Legal Awareness, Trust, and Participation.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Demps, Kathryn; Department of Anthropology; French Institute of Pondicherry ; kedemps@ucdavis.edu; Laval, Marie; SGS, Forestry Monitoring Programme; marilaval@gmail.com; Garcia, Claude A.; CIRAD UR B&amp;SEF; French Institute of Pondicherry; CIFOR; claude.garcia@cirad.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Attitudes; Forest dwellers; Forest Rights Act; Kodagu; Reserved Forests; Western Ghats.
Ano: 2011

A holistic approach to studying social-ecological systems and its application to southern Transylvania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hartel, Tibor; Department of Environmental Sciences, Sapientia University; hartel.tibor@gmail.com.
Global change presents risks and opportunities for social-ecological systems worldwide. Key challenges for sustainability science are to identify plausible future changes in social-ecological systems and find ways to reach socially and environmentally desirable conditions. In this context, regional-scale studies are important, but to date, many such studies have focused on a narrow set of issues or applied a narrow set of tools. Here, we present a holistic approach to work through the complexity posed by cross-scale interactions, spatial heterogeneity, and multiple uncertainties facing regional social-ecological systems. Our approach is spatially explicit and involves assessments of social conditions and natural capital bundles, social-ecological system...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service bundles; Landscape sustainability science; Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society; Regional scale; Romania; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2014

Political ecology of inter-basin water transfers in Turkish water governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Islar, Mine; Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); mine.islar@lucsus.lu.se; Boda, Chad; Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); chad.boda@lucsus.lu.se.
We explore the emergence of two contemporary mega water projects in Turkey that are designed to meet the demands of the country&amp;#8217;s major urban centers. Moreover, we analyze how policy makers in the water sector frame problems and solutions. We argue that these projects represent a tendency to depoliticize water management and steer away from controversial issues of water allocation by emphasizing large-scale, centralized, technical, and supply-oriented solutions. In doing so, urgent concerns are ignored regarding unsustainable water use, impacts on rural livelihoods, and institutional shortcomings in the water sector. These aspirations build heavily on prevailing discourses of modernity, development, and economic growth, and how urban centers are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Inter-basin water transfers; Political ecology; Turkey; Urban water; Water governance.
Ano: 2014

The Use of Impact Assessment Tools to Support Sustainable Policy Objectives in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Smedt, Peter; Research Centre of the Flemish Government; peter.desmedt@dar.vlaanderen.be.
Sustainable development has become an overall policy objective in Europe. The sustainability transition is seen as the process of coming to terms with sustainability in all its ecological, social, economic, and institutional dimensions. This challenging process is as much about new ways of knowing as it is about resource management and product innovation. I analyzed how scientific tools such as environmental, socioeconomic, and integrated models have been developed and used to provide a solid foundation for sustainable policy objectives. I used a scoping study to compare current impact assessment exercises and research policy cases within the European Commission (EC). Although the EC is recognized as having supported environmental policy integration for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Science-policy interface; Sustainability.
Ano: 2010

Spatial Dynamics of Sea Turtle Abundance and Shrimping Intensity in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDaniel, Carrie J; Duke University Marine Laboratory; cjmcdaniel@hotmail.com; Crowder, Larry B; Duke University Marine Laboratory; lcrowder@duke.edu; Priddy, Jeffery A; Duke University Marine Laboratory; jpriddy@duke.edu.
In order to examine the scientific feasibility of area closures for sea turtle protection, we determined the spatial dynamics of sea turtles for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico by analyzing National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) aerial survey data in September, October, and November of 1992, 1993, and 1994. Turtle sightings were grouped into depth zones and NMFS fishery statistical zones, and strip transect methods were used to estimate the relative abundance of sea turtles in each subzone. Average shrimping intensity was calculated for each subzone for all months of 1992, 1993, and 1994, as well as for the months and locations of the aerial survey. The spatial overlap of sea turtle abundance and shrimping intensity suggested regions where interactions are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Density estimates; Endangered species; GIS; Gulf of Mexico; Kemp's ridley; Management; Sea turtles; Shrimp fishing; Spatial dynamics; Strip transect methods.
Ano: 2000

Community Vulnerability to Floods and Landslides in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: K.C., Samir; Research Scholar, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OEAW, WU); kcsamir@gmail.com.
We addressed the issue of differential vulnerability to natural disasters at the level of village communities in Nepal. The focus lay on the relative importance of different dimensions of socioeconomic status and in particular, we tried to differentiate between the effects of education and income/wealth, the latter being measured through the existence of permanent housing structures. We studied damage due to floods and landslides in terms of human lives lost, animals lost, and other registered damage to households. The statistical analysis was carried out through several alternative models applied separately to the Terai and the Hill and Mountain Regions, as well as all of Nepal. At all levels and under all models, the results showed consistently...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Education; Floods and landslides; Natural disaster; Nepal; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013

Wildfire and Spatial Patterns in Forests in Northwestern Mexico: The United States Wishes It Had Similar Fire Problems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stephens, Scott L; ESPM Department University of California, Berkeley; stephens@nature.berkeley.edu; Fry, Danny L.; ESPM Department University of California, Berkeley; dfry@nature.berkeley.edu.
Knowledge of the ecological effect of wildfire is important to resource managers, especially from forests in which past anthropogenic influences, e.g., fire suppression and timber harvesting, have been limited. Changes to forest structure and regeneration patterns were documented in a relatively unique old-growth Jeffrey pine-mixed conifer forest in northwestern Mexico after a July 2003 wildfire. This forested area has never been harvested and fire suppression did not begin until the 1970s. Fire effects were moderate especially considering that the wildfire occurred at the end of a severe, multi-year (1999-2003) drought. Shrub consumption was an important factor in tree mortality and the dominance of Jeffrey pine increased after fire. The Baja California...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baja California; Forest resistance; Forest structure; Jeffrey pine; Mixed conifer; Ponderosa pine; Regeneration; Resilience; Sierra San Pedro Martir; Spatial heterogeneity.
Ano: 2008

Linking Resilience Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Understand the Potential for Perennials in the U.S. Corn Belt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Atwell, Ryan C; Iowa State University; ryancardiffatwell@gmail.com; Schulte, Lisa A; Iowa State University; lschulte@iastate.edu; Westphal, Lynne M; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; lwestphal@fs.fed.us.
In the last 200 yr, more than 80% of the land in the U.S. Corn Belt agro-ecosystem has been converted from natural perennial vegetation to intensive agricultural production of row crops.  Despite research showing how re-integration of perennial vegetation, e.g., cover crops, pasture, riparian buffers, and restored wetlands, at strategic landscape positions can bolster declining regional ecosystem functions, the amount of land area devoted to row crop production in the Corn Belt continues to increase.  As this region enters a time of fast-paced and uncertain reorganization driven by the emerging bioeconomy, changes in land use will continue to take place that will impact the resilience of the Corn Belt&amp;#8217;s linked social and ecological systems for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Agriculture; Iowa; Learning; Nonpoint source pollution; Restoration; Scale; Social-ecological systems; Row crops; Corn Belt.
Ano: 2009

Fragmentation: Is the Message Clear?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bissonette, John A; Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey; john.bissonette@cnr.usu.edu; Storch, Ilse; Wildlife Research and Management Unit, Technical University of Munich and Max Pl; ilse.storch@t-online.de.
In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the fundamental problems arising from the inherent complexity of larger-scale ecological systems. We examine the tenuous assumption of a direct correspondence between ecological data and theory, we comment on a recent report that evaluated the efficacy of fragmentation experiments, and we briefly assess its implications for ecological research and conservation practice on the landscape scale.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Experimentation; Fragmentation studies; Landscape ecology.
Ano: 2002

Food Sources and Accessibility and Waste Disposal Patterns across an Urban Tropical Watershed: Implications for the Flow of Materials and Energy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garcia-Montiel, Diana C.; Institute For Tropical Ecosystem Studies; dgarcia@ites.upr.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Household; Nutrient cycling; San Juan ULTRA; Social-ecological systems; Urban biogeochemistry; Urban ecology; Urban metabolism; Watershed.
Ano: 2014

Old-growth Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vosick, Diane; Ecological Restoration Institute; Diane.Vosick@nau.edu; Ostergren, David M; Northern Arizona University School of Forestry; david.ostergren@nau.edu; Murfitt, Lucy; ;.
Most federal legislation and policies (e.g., the Wilderness Act, Endangered Species Act, National Forest Management Act) fail to speak directly to the need for old-growth protection, recruitment, and restoration on federal lands. Various policy and attitudinal barriers must be changed to move beyond the current situation. For example, in order to achieve the goal of healthy old growth in frequent-fire forests, the public must be educated regarding the evolutionary nature of these ecosystems and persuaded that collaborative action rather than preservation and litigation is the best course for the future of these forests. Land managers and policy makers must be encouraged to look beyond the single-species management paradigm toward managing natural...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Diameter caps; Federal employee liability; Institutional barriers; Mexican spotted owl; Northern goshawk; Preservationist philosophy; Public education; Wildland fire use.
Ano: 2007

How does legacy create sticking points for environmental management? Insights from challenges to implementation of the ecosystem approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waylen, Kerry A; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; kerry.waylen@hutton.ac.uk; Blackstock, Kirsty L; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; kirsty.blackstock@hutton.ac.uk; Holstead, Kirsty L; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute; kirsty.holstead@hutton.ac.uk.
There are many recommendations for environmental management practices to adopt more holistic or systems-based approaches and to strengthen stakeholder participation. However, management practices do not always match or achieve these ideals. We explore why theory may not be reflected by practice by exploring experiences of projects seeking to implement the ecosystem approach, a concept that entails participatory holistic management. A qualitative inductive approach was used to understand the processes, achievements, and challenges faced by 16 projects across the British Isles. Many projects made significant progress toward their goals, yet failed to achieve fully participatory holistic management. Many of the challenges that contributed to this failure can...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conservation; Institutional inertia; Participation; Pathways; Systems thinking.
Ano: 2015

Observations of Everyday Biodiversity: a New Perspective for Conservation?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raymond, Richard; UMR 7533 LADYSS; ric_raymond@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Cognitive processes; Common knowledge; Conservation psychology; Everyday life; Garden Butterflies Watch; Ordinary biodiversity; Planned behavior theory; Self-learning.
Ano: 2012

The role of cooperation for improved stewardship of marine social-ecological systems in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries are among the worlds&amp;#8217; richest in marine biodiversity. Fish stocks in these regions are important for fishing communities, and fishing activities engage several million people. These fisheries depend on the natural services provided by a diverse range of marine social-ecological systems, but many LAC fisheries are in a degraded state, and concerns about overexploitation are widespread. With most fishery resources fully exploited or overexploited, opportunities for development lie primarily in restoring depleted stocks and using stocks more efficiently. The papers published in the Special Feature &amp;#8220;Cooperation, Local Communities, and Marine Social-Ecological Systems: New Findings from Latin...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Latin America; Marine social-ecological systems; Stewardship.
Ano: 2015

Biodiversity, Urban Areas, and Agriculture: Locating Priority Ecoregions for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ricketts, Taylor; World Wildlife Fund; taylor.ricketts@wwfus.org; Imhoff, Marc; NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; mimhoff@LTPmail.gsfc.nasa.gov.
Urbanization and agriculture are two of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide. The intensities of these land-use phenomena, however, as well as levels of biodiversity itself, differ widely among regions. Thus, there is a need to develop a quick but rigorous method of identifying where high levels of human threats and biodiversity coincide. These areas are clear priorities for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we combine distribution data for eight major plant and animal taxa (comprising over 20,000 species) with remotely sensed measures of urban and agricultural land use to assess conservation priorities among 76 terrestrial ecoregions in North America. We combine the species data into overall indices of richness and endemism. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: North America; Agriculture; Biodiversity; Conservation; Conservation priorities; Ecoregions; Endemism; Human land use; Species richness; Threats to biodiversity; Urbanization.
Ano: 2003

Demonstration Restoration Measures in Tributaries of the Vindel River Catchment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holmqvist, Daniel; Vindel River Fishery Advisory Board; daniel.holmqvist@lycksele.se.
Some ecological restoration projects include elements of trial and error where new measures are repeatedly tried, evaluated, and modified until satisfactory results are achieved. Thereafter, the resulting methods may be applied on larger scales. A difficult step is judging whether developed &amp;#8220;best-practice&amp;#8221; methods have become reasonably ecologically functional or whether further experimentation &amp;#8220;demonstration&amp;#8221; methods can lead to yet better results. Here, we use a stream restoration project as a case study for evaluating methods and abiotic effects and outlining stakeholder support for demonstration restoration measures, rather than only using best-practice methods. Our work was located in the Vindel River system, a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boulders; Large wood; Northern Sweden; Restoration; River; Stream; Timber floating.
Ano: 2013

A basic guide for empirical environmental social science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu.
In this paper, I address a gap in the literature on environmental social science by providing a basic rubric for the conduct of empirical research in this interdisciplinary field. Current literature displays a healthy diversity of methods and techniques, but this has also been accompanied by a lack of consistency in the way in which research in this area is done. In part this can be seen as resulting from a lack in supporting texts that would provide a basis for this consistency. Although relevant methods texts do exist, these are not written with this type of research explicitly in mind, and so translating them to this field can be awkward. This paper is designed to fill this gap and enable more consistency in the conduct of empirical environmental social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental social science; Research design; Research methods.
Ano: 2015

Resilience of small-scale societies: a view from drylands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Puy, Arnald; Institute of Geography, University of Cologne; Maritime Civilizations Department, Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa; arnald.puy@gmail.com; Biagetti, Stefano; Complexity and Socio-Ecological dynamics (CaSEs), Spain; Departament d'Humanitats, Universitat Pompeu Fabra; School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand; stefano.biagetti@upf.edu.
To gain insights on long-term social-ecological resilience, we examined adaptive responses of small-scale societies to dryland-related hazards in different regions and chronological periods, spanning from the mid-Holocene to the present. Based on evidence from Africa (Sahara and Sahel), Asia (south margin of the Thar desert), and Europe (South Spain), we discuss key traits and coping practices of small-scale societies that are potentially relevant for building resilience. The selected case studies illustrate four main coping mechanisms: mobility and migration, storage, commoning, and collective action driven by religious beliefs. Ultimately, the study of resilience in the context of drylands emphasizes the importance of adaptive traits and practices that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Coping mechanisms; Drylands; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2016

A Review of Design Principles for Community-based Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Indiana University; miecox@indiana.edu; Arnold, Gwen; Indiana University; gbarnold@indiana.edu.
In 1990, Elinor Ostrom proposed eight design principles, positing them to characterize robust institutions for managing common-pool resources such as forests or fisheries. Since then, many studies have explicitly or implicitly evaluated these design principles. We analyzed 91 such studies to evaluate the principles empirically and to consider what theoretical issues have arisen since their introduction. We found that the principles are well supported empirically and that several important theoretical issues warrant discussion. We provide a reformulation of the design principles, drawing from commonalities found in the studies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Design principles; Diagnostics; Institutions.
Ano: 2010

Shellfish Fishery Severely Reduces Condition and Survival of Oystercatchers Despite Creation of Large Marine Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Verhulst, Simon; Zoological Laboratory of the University of Groningen; s.verhulst@biol.rug.nl; Oosterbeek, Kees; ; kees.oosterbeek@wur.nl; Rutten, Anne L; ; anne.rutten@wur.nl; Ens, Bruno J; ALTERRA - Texel; bruno.ens@wur.nl.
Fisheries and other human activities pose a global threat to the marine environment. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an emerging tool to cope with such threats. In the Dutch Wadden Sea, large MPAs (covering 31% of all intertidal flats) have been created to protect shellfish-eating birds and allow recovery of important habitats. Even though shellfish fishing is prohibited in these areas, populations of shellfish-eating birds in the Wadden Sea have declined sharply. The role of shellfish fisheries in these declines is hotly debated, therefore, we investigated  the effectiveness of MPAs for protecting oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) populations. Shellfish stocks (cockles, Cerastoderma edule) were substantially higher in the MPAs, but surprisingly this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Buffy coat; Condition; Haematopus ostralegus; Hematocrit; Ideal free distribution; Marine reserves; Shellfish fishery.
Ano: 2004

Linking Ecological and Perceptual Assessments for Environmental Management: a Coral Reef Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dinsdale, Elizabeth A; Biology Department, San Diego State University; elizabeth_dinsdale@hotmail.com.
Integrating information from a range of community members in environmental management provides a more complete assessment of the problem and a diversification of management options, but is difficult to achieve. To investigate the relationship between different environmental interpretations, I compared three distinct measures of anchor damage on coral reefs: ecological measures, perceptual meanings, and subjective health judgments. The ecological measures identified an increase in the number of overturned corals and a reduction in coral cover, the perceptual meanings identified a loss of visual quality, and the health judgments identified a reduction in the health of the coral reef sites associated with high levels of anchoring. Combining the perceptual...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Perceptual meanings; Social-ecological assessments.
Ano: 2009

Into the Clouds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University, USA; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Ano: 2013

The Elephant that is Biotechnology: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ellstrand, Norman; University of California, Riverside; ellstrand@ucrac1.ucr.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Genetically engineered crops; Plant biotechnology; Specialists vs. generalists; Transgene.
Ano: 2000

Scientific Responsibility and Responsible Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wiens, John A; ; jaws@lamar.colostate.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Indigenous Institutions and Their Role in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience: Evidence from the 2009 Tsunami in American Samoa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rumbach, Andrew; University of Colorado Denver; andrew.rumbach@ucdenver.edu; Foley, Dolores; University of Hawaii, Manoa;.
Indigineity has emerged as an important area of focus for research and policy making on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience. Most research on indigeneity and DRR centers on indigenous knowledge and its integration with western scientific understandings of hazards and risk. Through a detailed case study of the 2009 tsunami in American Samoa, we argue that indigenous institutions also play a critical role in disaster risk reduction and resilience. Based on original data from semistructured interviews, village planning meetings, and focus group discussions, we describe how the indigenous institutions of fa&amp;#8217;a Samoa, or the culture of Samoa, operated in a time of crisis by: (1) structuring emergency decision making and authority; (2)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: American Samoa; Disaster management; Disaster risk reduction; Indigenous knowledge; Institutions; Resilience; Tsunami.
Ano: 2014

Rethinking Social Contracts: Building Resilience in a Changing Climate
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Brien, Karen; Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Norway; karen.obrien@sosgeo.uio.no; Hayward, Bronwyn; School of Political Science and Communication, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; bronwyn.hayward@canterbury.ac.nz; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba, Canada; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Social contracts play an important role in defining the reciprocal rights, obligations, and responsibilities between states and citizens. Climate change is creating new challenges for both states and citizens, inevitably forcing a rethinking of existing and evolving social contracts. In particular, the social arrangements that enhance the well-being and security of both present and future generations are likely to undergo dramatic transformations in response to ecosystem changes, more extreme weather events, and the consequences of social&amp;#8211;ecological changes in distant locations.  The types of social contracts that evolve in the face of a changing climate will have considerable implications for adaptation policies and processes.  We consider how a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; New Zealand; Northern Canada; Norway; Resilience; Social contracts.
Ano: 2009

Environmental Governance as Stochastic Belief Updating: Crafting Rules to Live by
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bromley, Daniel W.; University of Wisconsin-Madison and  Humboldt University zu Berlin; dbromley@wisc.edu.
The idea that humans can &amp;#8220;manage&amp;#8221; nature is a modernist conceit. Natural systems and social (human) systems are always in the process of becoming. In this setting of unknowable dynamic emergence, it is not possible to design institutional arrangements&amp;#8212;rules to live by&amp;#8212;that permit an activity called &amp;#8220;management.&amp;#8221; The more fundamental challenge to the conceit of management is that humans are never sure what we want until we are put in a situation of having to work it out. We learn what we want by learning about what it might be possible for us to have. Science, properly engaged with the public, can contribute to this learning process. But science cannot hold itself up as an activity that produces...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Belief updating; Governance; Meaning; Reasonable.
Ano: 2012

Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Ecological Science: a Question of Scale
Provedor de dados: 7
The benefits and challenges of integrating traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge have led to extensive discussions over the past decades, but much work is still needed to facilitate the articulation and co-application of these two types of knowledge. Through two case studies, we examined the integration of traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge by emphasizing their complementarity across spatial and temporal scales. We expected that combining Inuit traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge would expand the spatial and temporal scales of currently documented knowledge on the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), two important tundra species. Using...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Inuit; Protected area; Scale; Chen caerulescens atlantica; Traditional ecological knowledge; Vulpes lagopus; Alopex lagopus; Local ecological knowledge; Scientific knowledge.
Ano: 2009

Ecosystem Considerations for Postdisaster Recovery:  Lessons from China, Pakistan, and Elsewhere for Recovery Planning in Haiti
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mainka, Susan A; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; sue.mainka@iucn.org; McNeely, Jeffrey; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; jam@hq.iucn.org.
As the world joins forces to support the people of Haiti on their long road of recovery following the January 2010 earthquake, plans and strategies should take into consideration past experiences from other postdisaster recovery efforts with respect to integrating ecosystem considerations.  Sound ecosystem management can both support the medium and long-term needs for recovery as well as help to buffer the impacts of future extreme natural events, which for Haiti are likely to include both hurricanes and earthquakes.  An additional challenge will be to include the potential impacts of climate change into ecosystem management strategies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Disaster recovery; Ecosystems and livelihoods; Haiti.
Ano: 2011

Local perceptions as a guide for the sustainable management of natural resources: empirical evidence from a small-scale society in Bolivian Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cabeza, Mar; Metapopulation Research Centre (MRC), Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki; cabeza@cc.helsinki.fi.
Research on natural resource management suggests that local perceptions form the basis upon which many small-scale societies monitor availability and change in the stock of common-pool natural resources. In contrast, this literature debates whether local perceptions can be effective in guiding the sustainable management of natural resources. With empirical evidence on this matter still highly limited, we explored the role of local perceptions as drivers of harvesting and management behavior in a small-scale society in Bolivian Amazonia. We conducted structured interviews to capture local perceptions of availability and change in the stock of thatch palm (Geonoma deversa) among the Tsimane', an indigenous society of foragers-horticulturalists (n = 296...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change perceptions; Collective action; Common-pool resources; Local peoples; Overharvesting; Tsimane'.
Ano: 2016

Biophysical and sociocultural factors underlying spatial trade-offs of ecosystem services in semiarid watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harrison, Paula A; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; Paula.Harrison@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Berry, Pam; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; pam.berry@eci.ox.ac.uk.
Biophysical and social systems are linked to form social-ecological systems whose sustainability depends on their capacity to absorb uncertainty and cope with disturbances. In this study, we explored the key biophysical and socio-cultural factors underlying ecosystem service supply in two semiarid watersheds of southern Spain. These included variables associated with the role that freshwater flows and biodiversity play in securing the system&amp;#8217;s capacity to sustain essential ecosystem services and their relationship with social demand for services, local water governance, and land-use intensification. Our results reveal the importance of considering the invisible dimensions of water and biodiversity, i.e. green freshwater flows and trait-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demand; Freshwater flow; Interaction; Irrigation community; Land-use intensification; Social-ecological system; Social preference; Spatial pattern; Trait-based indicator.
Ano: 2015

Transformation of resource management institutions under globalization: the case of songgye community forests in South Korea.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yu, David  J.; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; davidjae@asu.edu; Anderies, John M.; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Lee, Dowon; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University; leedw@snu.ac.kr; Perez, Irene; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; iperezib@asu.edu.
The context in which many self-governed commons systems operate will likely be significantly altered as globalization processes play out over the next few decades. Such dramatic changes will induce some systems to fail and subsequently to be transformed, rather than merely adapt. Despite this possibility, research on globalization-induced transformations of social-ecological systems (SESs) is still underdeveloped. We seek to help fill this gap by exploring some patterns of transformation in SESs and the question of what factors help explain the persistence of cooperation in the use of common-pool resources through transformative change. Through the analysis of 89 forest commons in South Korea that experienced such transformations, we found that there are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Community-based forest management; Forest commons; Multilevel governance; Nested enterprise; Network diversity; Robustness; Robustness trade-offs; Social-ecological systems; Songgye; Transformative capacity of social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Coomes, Oliver T.; Department of Geography, McGill University; oliver.coomes@mcgill.ca; Takasaki, Yoshito; Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo; takasaki@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Rhemtulla, Jeanine M.; Department of Forest &amp; Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia; jeanine.rhemtulla@ubc.ca.
Can social inequality be seen imprinted in a forest landscape? We studied the relationship between land holding, land use, and inequality in a peasant community in the Peruvian Amazon where farmers practice swidden-fallow cultivation. Longitudinal data on land holding, land use, and land cover were gathered through field-level surveys (n = 316) and household interviews (n = 51) in 1994/1995 and 2007. Forest cover change between 1965 and 2007 was documented through interpretation of air photos and satellite imagery. We introduce the concept of &amp;#8220;land use inequality&amp;#8221; to capture differences across households in the distribution of forest fallowing and orchard raising as key land uses that affect household welfare and the sustainability of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Land inequality; Land use and land cover change; Path dependency; Secondary forests.
Ano: 2016

Uncertain Emission Reductions from Forest Conservation: REDD in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watson, Charlene; London School of Economics and Political Science; c.watson2@lse.ac.uk; Mourato, Susana; London School of Economics and Political Science; s.mourato@lse.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk.
The environmental integrity of a mechanism rewarding Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) depends on appropriate accounting for emission reductions. Largely stemming from a lack of forest data in developing countries, emission reductions accounting contains substantial uncertainty as a result of forest carbon stock estimates, where the application of biome-averaged data over large forest areas is commonplace. Using a case study in the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, we exemplify the implications of primary and secondary forest carbon stock estimates on predicted REDD project emission reductions and revenues. Primary data estimate area-weighted mean forest carbon stock of 195 tC/ha &amp;#177; 81, and biome-averaged data reported by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Emission reductions accounting; Ethiopia; Forest carbon stocks; REDD; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Resources Management in Transition
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; University of Osnabrueck, Germany; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Jeffrey, Paul; School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University; p.j.jeffrey@cranfield.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate change; Interdisciplinary research; Social learning; Water resources.
Ano: 2009

Spatial Complexity, Resilience, and Policy Diversity: Fishing on Lake-rich Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Brock, William A; University of Wisconsin-Madison; wbrock@ssc.wisc.edu.
The dynamics of and policies governing spatially coupled social-ecological mosaics are considered for the case of fisheries in a lake district. A microeconomic model of households addresses agent decisions at three hierarchic levels: (1) selection of the lake district from among a larger set of alternative places to live or visit, (2) selection of a base location within the lake district, and (3) selection of a portfolio of ecosystem services to use. Ecosystem services are represented by dynamics of fish production subject to multiple stable domains and trophic cascades. Policy calculations show that optimal policies will be highly heterogeneous in space and fluid in time. The diversity of possible outcomes is illustrated by simulations for a hypothetical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Angler dynamics; Fish habitat; Inclusive value; Lake; Lake management; Landscape ecology; Multiple attractors; Natural resource policy; Resilience; Social-ecological system; Spatial dynamics; Sport fishery; Sport fishery; Sport fishery management.
Ano: 2004

The importance of ecosystem services for rural inhabitants in a changing cultural landscape in Romania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hartel, Tibor; Sapientia University, Department of Environmental Sciences; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg; hartel.tibor@gmail.com; Fischer, Joern; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg; joern.fischer@uni.leuphana.de; Milcu, Andra Ioana; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg; milcu@leuphana.de; Hanspach, Jan; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg; hanspach@leuphana.de; Fazey, Ioan; School of Environment/CECHR, University of Dundee; iraf2@st-andrews.ac.uk.
Many traditional cultural landscapes evolved as coupled social-ecological systems. It is important to understand how such systems navigate novel challenges posed by globalization. To address this issue, we bring together two components of a pilot study carried out in a cultural landscape from Central Romania. The region was affected by major social and economic perturbations in the past century, affecting ethnic composition, community cohesion, land property regimes, and the management of common resources. The first component of our study investigated how rural inhabitants appreciated ecosystem services through questionnaires with 98 people in 30 villages. The second component aimed to assess the perception of people about ongoing changes in their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change; Cultural landscape; Eastern Europe; Globalization; Rural communities.
Ano: 2014

Vertical Interplay among Scale-dependent Environmental and Resource Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Young, Oran; Bren School, University of California, Santa Barbara; young@bren.ucsb.edu.
Environmental and resource regimes, operating at different levels of social organization, vary in terms of factors such as the sources of actor behavior, the knowledge available to actors, the operation of compliance mechanisms, the use of policy instruments, and the nature of the broader social setting. Cross-level interactions among scale-dependent regimes can result in patterns of dominance, separation, merger, negotiated agreement, or system change. The mechanisms that determine which of these patterns will occur include authority/power differentials, limits of decentralization, dueling discourses, cognitive transitions, and blocking coalitions. Recurrent linkages or syndromes occur in this realm, e.g., limitations of authority and power regularly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cross-level interaction; Institution; Jurisdiction; Regime; Scale; Scale dependence; Vertical interplay.
Ano: 2006

Traditional ecological knowledge among transhumant pastoralists in Mediterranean Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Mobility is a millenary human strategy to deal with environmental change. An outstanding example of mobility is transhumance, an ancient pastoralist practice consisting of the seasonal migration of livestock between ecological regions following peaks in pasture productivity. The maintenance of transhumance depends partly on the preservation of related traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). We (a) identified and characterized social groups that hold transhumance-related TEK, (b) analyzed trends in transhumance-related TEK across generations and social groups, (c) examined the factors that influence variation in levels of TEK, and (d) analyzed elements of transhumance-related TEK as examples of adaptive strategies to cope with global change. We used...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Drove road; Environmental change; Mobility; Pastoralism; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

A coastal foodscape: examining the relationship between changing fisheries and community food security on the west coast of Newfoundland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lowitt, Kristen N.; McGill University; kristen.lowitt@mcgill.ca.
Fisheries make vital contributions to food security and food security is an important part of fisheries governance. However, there are relatively few in-depth studies examining the consequences of collapsed and changing fisheries for the food security of coastal communities. In this case study I use the concept of the coastal foodscape to look at the relationship between changing fisheries and community food security in the Bonne Bay region on the west coast of Newfoundland. I examine the social-ecological interactions that compose the local food system and their changing relationship to community food security, and point to directions for developing a more resilient and democratic food system.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community food security; Fisheries restructuring; Foodscapes.
Ano: 2014

Creating restoration landscapes: partnerships in large-scale conservation in the UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, William M.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; wa12@cam.ac.uk; Hodge, Ian D.; Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; idh3@cam.ac.uk; Macgregor, Nicholas A.; Natural England, Nobel House, London, UK; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK; nicholas.macgregor@naturalengland.org.uk; Sandbrook, Lindsey C.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; lindsey.sandbrook@gmail.com.
It is increasingly recognized that ecological restoration demands conservation action beyond the borders of existing protected areas. This requires the coordination of land uses and management over a larger area, usually with a range of partners, which presents novel institutional challenges for conservation planners. Interviews were undertaken with managers of a purposive sample of large-scale conservation areas in the UK. Interviews were open-ended and analyzed using standard qualitative methods. Results show a wide variety of organizations are involved in large-scale conservation projects, and that partnerships take time to create and demand resilience in the face of different organizational practices, staff turnover, and short-term funding. Successful...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conservation governance; Ecological restoration; Landscape-scale conservation; Neoliberalism; Partnership.
Ano: 2016

Historical framework to explain long-term coupled human and natural system feedbacks: application to a multiple-ownership forest landscape in the northern Great Lakes region, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steen-Adams, Michelle M.; Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England; Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service; msteenadams@une.edu; Langston, Nancy; Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University; nelangst@gmail.com; Adams, Mark D. O.; Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England; madams3@une.edu; Mladenoff, David J.; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; djmladen@wisc.edu.
Current and future human and forest landscape conditions are influenced by the cumulative, unfolding history of social-ecological interactions. Examining past system responses, especially unintended consequences, can reveal valuable insights that promote learning and adaptation in forest policy and management. Temporal couplings are complex, however; they can be difficult to trace, characterize, and explain. We develop a framework that integrates environmental history into analysis of coupled human and natural systems (CHANS). Our study demonstrates how historical data and methods can help to explain temporal complexity of long-term CHANS feedbacks. We focus on two sources of temporal complexity: legacy effects and lagged interactions. We apply our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Environmental history; Feedback; Forest landscape; Great Lakes; Historical ecology; Lagged interaction; Legacy; Ownership; Tribal; Unanticipated consequence.
Ano: 2015

Modeling Distribution and Abundance of Antarctic Baleen Whales Using Ships of Opportunity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Williams, Rob; Sea Mammal Research Unit; rmcw@st-andrews.ac.uk; Hedley, Sharon L.; University of St. Andrews; slc@st-andrews.ac.uk; Hammond, Philip S.; University of St. Andrews; psh2@st-andrews.ac.uk.
Information on animal abundance and distribution is at the cornerstone of many wildlife and conservation strategies.  However, these data can be difficult and costly to obtain for cetacean species.  The expense of sufficient ship time to conduct design-unbiased line transect surveys may be simply out of reach for researchers in many countries, which nonetheless grapple with problems of conservation of endangered species, by-catch of small cetaceans in commercial fisheries, and progression toward ecosystem-based fisheries management. Recently developed spatial modeling techniques show promise for estimating wildlife abundance using non-randomized surveys, but have yet to receive much field-testing in areas where designed surveys have also been conducted....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Abundance; Antarctic; Baleen whale; Cetacean; Distance sampling; Distribution; Line transect; Platform of opportunity; Spatial model.
Ano: 2006

Developing Detailed Foresight Narratives: a Participatory Technique from the Mekong Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Foran, Tira; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; tira.foran@csiro.au; Ward, John; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; j.ward@csiro.au; Kemp-Benedict, Eric J.; Stockholm Environment Institute; erickb@sei-us.org; Smajgl, Alex; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; alex.smajgl@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Asia; Mekong; Methodology; Narrative; Participation; Scenario.
Ano: 2013

Communication in Natural Resource Management: Agreement between and Disagreement within Stakeholder Groups
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: de Nooy, Wouter; Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam; w.denooy@uva.nl.
Communication among stakeholders is commonly held to improve agreement on facts and management goals. Results from statistical network analyses of six natural resource management systems indicate that the effects of communication depend on context. If communication affects stakeholder knowledge and values, it fosters agreement between stakeholder groups but it results in more disagreement within stakeholder groups. In addition, more centralized communication networks have more disagreement, especially within stakeholder groups, while co-management systems have more disagreement between stakeholder groups. The results may reflect communication effects but also selection effects: the propensity of stakeholders or management systems to establish communication...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication networks; Interpersonal communication; Network autocorrelation; Natural resource management; Stakeholder groups.
Ano: 2013

Response to: 'Traditional Knowledge in Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems'
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Woodley, Ellen J; ; tegwood@albedo.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Ano: 2005

The Patronage of Thirst: Exploring Institutional Fit on a Divided Cyprus
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zikos, Dimitrios; Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics, Division of Resource Economics ; dimitrios.zikos@agrar.hu-berlin.de; Roggero, Matteo; Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics, Division of Environmental Governance; matteo.roggero@staff.hu-berlin.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cyprus; Fit; Islands; Social-ecological systems; Water institutions; Water scarcity.
Ano: 2013

Studying the complexity of change: toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate social-ecological transformations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Michele-Lee; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; mlmoore@uvic.ca; Tjornbo, Ola; Waterloo Institute of Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; ola.tjornbo@gmail.com; Enfors, Elin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; elin.enfors@stockholmresilience.su.se; Knapp, Corrie; University of Alaska Fairbanks; corrieknapp@yahoo.com; Hodbod, Jennifer; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University; jennifer.hodbod@asu.edu; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; jbaggio@asu.edu; Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se; Biggs, Duan; The Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland; ancientantwren@gmail.com.
Faced with numerous seemingly intractable social and environmental challenges, many scholars and practitioners are increasingly interested in understanding how to actively engage and transform the existing systems holding such problems in place.  Although a variety of analytical models have emerged in recent years, most emphasize either the social or ecological elements of such transformations rather than their coupled nature. To address this, first we have presented a definition of the core elements of a social-ecological system (SES) that could potentially be altered in a transformation. Second, we drew on insights about transformation from three branches of literature focused on radical change, i.e., social movements, socio-technical transitions, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social innovation; Social movements; Transformation; Transition management.
Ano: 2014

Resilience and Global Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University ; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2010

Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Williams, Neal M; University of Calgary; nwilliam@ucalgary.ca; Minckley, Robert L; University of Utah; minckley@biology.utah.edu; Silveira, Fernando A; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; fernando@mono.icb.ufmg.br.
Changes in flower-visiting insect populations or communities that result from human impacts can be documented by measuring spatial or temporal trends, or by comparing abundance or species composition before and after disturbance. The level of naturally occurring variation in populations and communities over space and time will dictate the sampling effort required to detect human-induced changes. We compiled a set of existing surveys of the bee faunas of natural communities from around the world to examine patterns of abundance and richness. We focused on a subset of these studies to illustrate variation in bee communities among different sites and within sites over different spatial and temporal scales. We used examples from our compilation and other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apiformes; Apoidea; Faunal surveys; Flower-visiting insects; Functional groups; Monitoring long-term changes; Sampling protocol; Solitary bees; Species composition; Species richness; Worldwide bee faunas.
Ano: 2001

Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Dryland Livelihood Systems: Conceptual Challenges and Interdisciplinary Solutions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph; University of Leeds; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Dougill, Andrew J; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Hubacek, Klaus; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; hubacek@env.leeds.ac.uk; Quinn, Claire H.; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; C.H.Quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Termansen, Mette; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; mette@env.leeds.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptability; Climate change; Drought; Food security; Livelihoods; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Uncertainty in Discount Models and Environmental Accounting
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ludwig, Donald; University of British Columbia; Ludwig@math.ubc.ca; Brock, William A.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; WBrock@ssc.wisc.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu.
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is controversial for environmental issues, but is nevertheless employed by many governments and private organizations for making environmental decisions.  Controversy centers on the practice of economic discounting in CBA for decisions that have substantial long-term consequences, as do most environmental decisions.  Customarily, economic discounting has been calculated at a constant exponential rate, a practice that weights the present heavily in comparison with the future.  Recent analyses of economic data show that the assumption of constant exponential discounting should be modified to take into account large uncertainties in long-term discount rates. A proper treatment of this uncertainty requires that we consider returns...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Atlantic right whale; Cost-benefit analysis; Discounting; Ecological economics; Ecosystem service; Eutrophication; Renewable resource; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005

Future changes in the supply of goods and services from natural ecosystems: prospects for the European north
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vlasova, Tatiana; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; tatiana.vlsv@gmail.com; Sutinen, Marja-Liisa; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Unit; marja-liisa.sutinen@metla.fi; Chapin III, F. Stuart; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; terry.chapin@alaska.edu; Cabeza, Mar; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki; cabeza@cc.helsinki.fi; Callaghan, Terry V.; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK;  Department of Botany, Tomsk State University, Russia; terry_callaghan@btinternet.com; van Oort, Bob; CICERO - Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo; oort@cicero.oslo.no; Dannevig, Halvor; Western Norway Research Institute; halvor.dannevig@vestforsk.no; Bay-larsen, Ingrid A.; Nordland Research Institute; ingrid.bay-larsen@nforsk.no; Ims, Rolf A.; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; rolf.ims@uit.no; Aspholm, Paul Eric; Bioforsk, Svanhovd; paul.eric.aspholm@bioforsk.no.
Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural systems, specifically how they are expected to change as a result of projected climate change during the 21st century. We selected terrestrial and freshwater systems in northernmost Europe, where climate is anticipated to change more than the global average, and identified likely changes in ecosystem services and their societal consequences. We did this by assembling experts from ecology, social science, and cultural geography in workshops, and we also performed a literature...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Barents Region; Biodiversity; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Forestry; Game species; Outdoor recreation; Reindeer husbandry; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Meeting institutional criteria for social resilience: a nested risk system model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blair, Berill; University of Alaska Fairbanks; bsblair@alaska.edu; Lovecraft, Amy L.; University of Alaska Fairbanks; allovecraft@alaska.edu; Kofinas, Gary P.; University of Alaska Fairbanks; gpkofinas@alaska.edu.
Communities of Alaska&amp;#8217;s North Slope face increased stresses from cumulative effects of industrial development, resource use, and changing cryospheric and socioeconomic conditions. Given these multiple pressures, what avenues exist for citizens and decision makers to exchange knowledge about impacts of oil resource extraction in Alaska, and how do the successes and failures of knowledge exchange affect the resilience of the local social ecological system? We focused our research on the risk management process of Alaska North Slope oil resources, drawing on literature that has grown out of the risk society thesis and concepts of resilience science. We surveyed state and federal initiatives designed to increase local and indigenous stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decision making; Inclusion; Indigenous knowledge; Resilience; Risk society; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Adaptive wetland management in an uncertain and changing arid environment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Downard, Rebekah; Utah State University; rdownard8@gmail.com; Endter-Wada, Joanna; Utah State University; joanna.endter-wada@usu.edu; Kettenring, Karin M.; Utah State University; karin.kettenring@usu.edu.
Wetlands in the arid western United States provide rare and critical migratory bird habitat and constitute a critical nexus within larger social-ecological systems (SES) where multiple changing land-use and water-use patterns meet. The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge in Utah, USA, presents a case study of the ways that wetland managers have created adaptive management strategies that are responsive to the social and hydrological conditions of the agriculture-dominated SES within which they are located. Managers have acquired water rights and constructed infrastructure while cultivating collaborative relationships with other water users to increase the adaptive capacity of the region and decrease conflict. Historically, water management involved diversion...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaboration; Great Salt Lake  Utah; Social-ecological systems; Water policy; Wetlands.
Ano: 2014

Science Explicitly for Nonscientists
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cooper, Caren B; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; cbc25@cornell.edu; Dickinson, Janis L; Cornell Department of Natural Resources; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; jld84@cornell.edu; Phillips, Tina; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; cbp6@cornell.edu; Bonney, Rick; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; reb5@cornell.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Citizen science.
Ano: 2008

Merits and Limits of Ecosystem Protection for Conserving Wild Salmon in a Northern Coastal British Columbia River
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hill, Aaron C.; Watershed Watch Salmon Society; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; hillfish@telus.net; Bansak, Thomas S.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; tom.bansak@umontana.edu; Ellis, Bonnie K.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; bonnie.ellis@umontana.edu; Stanford, Jack A.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; jack.stanford@umontana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ecology; Fisheries management; Habitat; Kitlope River; Pacific salmon; Resilience; Salmon stronghold.
Ano: 2010

Joint knowledge production for climate change adaptation: what is in it for science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hegger, Dries; Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; d.l.t.hegger@uu.nl; Dieperink, Carel; Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; c.dieperink@uu.nl.
Both in literature and in practice, it is claimed that joint knowledge production (JKP) by researchers, policy makers, and other societal actors is necessary to make science relevant for addressing climate adaptation. Although recent assessments of JKP projects have provided some arguments in favor of their societal merit, much less is known about their scientific merit. We explored the latter by developing a conceptual framework addressing characteristics of doing JKP as well as hypotheses on potential merits and pitfalls in terms of its process, output, and impact for science. Semistructured interviews with six environmental science research leaders as well as discussions with five researchers involved in past JKP projects were used to start...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Joint knowledge production (JKP); Science studies; Survey; The Netherlands.
Ano: 2015

Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Brian W.; Department of the Interior North Central Climate Science Center, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; brian.miller@colostate.edu; Morisette, Jeffrey T.; Department of the Interior North Central Climate Science Center, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; U.S. Geological Survey; morisettej@usgs.gov.
Developing resource management strategies in the face of climate change is complicated by the considerable uncertainty associated with projections of climate and its impacts and by the complex interactions between social and ecological variables. The broad, interconnected nature of this challenge has resulted in calls for analytical frameworks that integrate research tools and can support natural resource management decision making in the face of uncertainty and complex interactions. We respond to this call by first reviewing three methods that have proven useful for climate change research, but whose application and development have been largely isolated: species distribution modeling, scenario planning, and simulation modeling. Species distribution...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Complex-adaptive systems; Natural resource management; Scenario planning; Simulations; Species distribution modeling; State-and-transition modeling.
Ano: 2014

Scale-Crossing Brokers and Network Governance of Urban Ecosystem Services: The Case of Stockholm
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ernstson, Henrik; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; henrik@ecology.su.se; Barthel, Stephan; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; stephan@ecology.su.se; Andersson, Erik; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; erik.andersson@ess.slu.se.
Urban ecosystem services are crucial for human well-being and the livability of cities. A central challenge for sustaining ecosystem services lies in addressing scale mismatches between ecological processes on one hand, and social processes of governance on the other. This article synthesizes a set of case studies from urban green areas in Stockholm, Sweden&amp;#8212;allotment gardens, urban parks, cemeteries and protected areas&amp;#8212;and discusses how governmental agencies and civil society groups engaged in urban green area management can be linked through social networks so as to better match spatial scales of ecosystem processes. The article develops a framework that combines ecological scales with social network structure, with the latter being...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecological scales; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services; Scale mismatch; Social network structure; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2010

Reducing Moose&amp;#8211;Vehicle Collisions through Salt Pool Removal and Displacement: an Agent-Based Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grosman, Paul D.; Concordia University; paul.grosman@gmail.com; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Concordia University;; Biron, Pascale M.; Concordia University;.
Between 1990 and 2002, more than 200 moose&amp;#8211;vehicle collisions occurred each year in Quebec, including about 50/yr in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. One cause is the presence of roadside salt pools that attract moose near roads in the spring and summer. Using the computer simulation technique of agent-based modeling, this study investigated whether salt pool removal and displacement, i.e., a compensatory salt pool set up 100 to 1500 m away from the road shoulder, would reduce the number of moose&amp;#8211;vehicle collisions. Moose road crossings were used as a proxy measure. A GPS telemetry data set consisting of approximately 200,000 locations of 47 moose over 2 yr in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve was used as an empirical basis for the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling   Alces alces  moose  Laurentides Wildlife Reserve  Quebec  roads  road mortality  salt pools  wildlife&amp;#8211; Vehicle collisions.
Ano: 2009

The Influence of Forums and Multilevel Governance on the Climate Adaptation Practices of Australian Organizations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bates, Lorraine E.; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program; lbates@iinet.net.au; Green, Melissa; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program; melissa.green@csiro.au; Leonard, Rosemary; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program; rosemary.leonard@csiro.au; Walker, Iain; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program; Iain.A.Walker@csiro.au.
To date, there are few regulations and policies relating to climate change in Australia. Uncertainty about the timing, structure, and potential impact of proposed legislation such as a national carbon abatement scheme, is leading to planning delays across the country. To assist with these policy uncertainties, organizations can embed themselves in multilevel governance frameworks that inform, structure, and facilitate strategic development, planning, and action. As part of these networks, organizational representatives also engage in formal and informal forums, a type of interorganizational relationship, which can include industry task forces, policy development committees, interagency groups, and specific climate change committees. Forums constitute an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Climate change; Decision making; Forums; Multilevel governance; Networks; Organization.
Ano: 2013

Steffen, W., et al. 2004. Global Change and the Earth System: a Planet under Pressure. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pyke, Christopher R; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; pyke@nceas.ucsb.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Social-ecological Functions and Vulnerability Framework to Analyze Forest Policy Reforms
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rives, Fanny; CIRAD, UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France; fanny_rives@yahoo.fr; Antona, Martine; CIRAD, UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France; martine.antona@cirad.fr; Aubert, Sigrid; CIRAD, UPR GREEN, 99 Antananarivo, Madagascar CIRAD, UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France; sigrid.aubert@cirad.fr.
We explore the impact of forest policy reforms implemented in the early 1990s in Niger in the wake of the severe droughts that affected the Sahel in the 1970s and 1980s. We focus on Sahelian multiple-use forest ecosystems and set out to analyze policy-induced changes in the patterns of interactions between various uses, users, and dry-forest ecosystems, interactions that influence the effective management of rural forests. We put forward the hypothesis that the new forest policy reforms were designed according to a vulnerability diagnosis, highlighting two stressors: droughts and increased demand for firewood. This led to a single-issue policy focused on firewood provision and was implemented through the Household Energy Strategy (HES). The HES...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Fuelwood; Rural forest; Sahel; Social-ecological changes; Socio-ecological changes.
Ano: 2012

Fire History of Montana de Oro State Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ward, David Jefford; Private; mumpnpop@iinet.net.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Mussels and Yachts in Loch Fyne, Scotland: a Case Study of the Science-Policy Interface
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; paul.tett@sams.ac.uk; Valcic, Branka; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Branka.Valcic@sams.ac.uk; Potts, Tavis; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tavis.Potts@sams.ac.uk; Whyte, Callum; Edinburgh Napier University; C.Whyte@napier.ac.uk; Culhane, Fiona; Edinburgh Napier University; F.Culhane@napier.ac.uk; Fernandes, Teresa; Heriot-Watt University; T.Fernandes@hw.ac.uk.
We report an application of the Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment (SPICOSA) Systems Approach Framework (SAF) to Loch Fyne, a fjord in western Scotland.  The issue was the potential for conflict between shellfish aquaculture  and recreational use for yachting. This was investigated by building an ecological-economic model to simulate: (1) release of modern anti-fouling compounds by recreational boats; (2) dilution of these in the upper layers of the loch by exchange with the sea; (3) their effects on photosynthesis by phytoplankton; (4) the role of phytoplankton (along with non-algal particulate matter) in providing food for mussels; (5) the growth of seeded mussels to harvest, determining (6) the cash input to farms, offset by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Antifouling toxicity; Firth of Clyde  Scotland; Governance Scotland; Loch Fyne Scotland; Mussel aquaculture; Science-policy interface; SPICOSA; Systems Approach Framework.
Ano: 2012

The hedgification of maizescapes? Scalability and multifunctionality of Jatropha curcas hedges in a mixed farming landscape in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh; dan.vanderhorst@ed.ac.uk; Vermeylen, Saskia; Lancaster University; s.vermeylen@lancaster.ac.uk; Kuntashula, Elias; University of Zambia; ekuntashula@unza.zm.
We argue that reading the local agricultural landscape is a prerequisite to understanding the plausible local impacts of external drivers for change, such as the introduction of new crops and technologies. Initially driven by a desire to understand the potential for small-scale farmers to produce jatropha biodiesel in a sustainable way, we started to examine how farmers related to trees in different parts of the agricultural landscape. This provided us with insights into small-scale processes of land enclosure and conversion, which indicate that agricultural intensification is taking place. We learned that although the landscape could in theory accommodate a lot of jatropha hedges around existing (maize dominated) arable land, farmers were only creating...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agricultural intensification; Biofuels; Live fence; Marginal land.
Ano: 2014

An Approach to Assess Relative Degradation in Dissimilar Forests: Toward a Comparative Assessment of Institutional Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tucker, Catherine M.; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; tuckerc@indiana.edu; Randolph, J. C.; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; randolph@indiana.edu; Evans, Tom; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; evans@indiana.edu; Andersson, Krister P.; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado;; Persha, Lauren; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana;; Green, Glen M.; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana;.
A significant challenge in the assessment of forest management outcomes is the limited ability to compare forest conditions quantitatively across ecological zones. We propose an approach for comparing different forest types through the use of reference forests. We tested our idea by drawing a sample of 42 forests from the Midwest USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, Bolivia, Uganda, and Nepal. We grouped these forests by shared characteristics and selected a reference forest to serve as a baseline for each forest type. We developed an index of disturbances using ratios of several forest measurements to assess differences between each study forest and its reference forest. None of the study forests was known to have been impacted by major natural...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical factors; Comparative analysis; Forest management; Institutions; Multidisciplinary methodology; Reference forests.
Ano: 2008

The Natural Resource Management Implications of Rural Property Turnover
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mendham, Emily; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University ; emendham@csu.edu.au; Curtis, Allan; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University ; acurtis@csu.edu.au; Millar, Joanne; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University; School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University; jmillar@csu.edu.au.
One aspect of recent rural change is in-migration, which is challenging the traditional dominance of production values in some areas. We explored the natural resource management implications of property turnover in two Australian regions. Our mixed-methods approach combined analysis of property sales records and spatially referenced landholder survey data with data from key informant interviews. Close to 50% of rural properties are expected to change hands between 2006 and 2016, double the change in the previous decade. This change is linked to the transformation of these rural areas, including the influx of non-farming rural landholders seeking amenity values. Our research suggests that property turnover of this scale has important implications for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amenity migration; Australia; Property turnover; Rural land use change.
Ano: 2012

Network Structure, Diversity, and Proactive Resilience Building: a Response to Tompkins and Adger
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newman, Lenore; Postdoctoral Scholar, Royal Roads University; lenore.newman@royalroads.ca; Dale, Ann; Professor, Science, Technology and Environment Division, Royal Roads University; ann.dale@royalroads.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Precautionary principle; Resilience; Social capital; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2005

Philosophical Issues in Ecology: Recent Trends and Future Directions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colyvan, Mark; University of Sydney; mcolyvan@usyd.edu.au; Linquist, Stefan; University of Guelph; linquist@uoguelph.ca; Grey, William; University of Queensland; wgrey@uq.edu.au; Griffiths, Paul E.; University of Sydney; paul@representinggenes.org; Odenbaugh, Jay; Lewis and Clark College; jay@lclark.edu; Possingham, Hugh P; University of Queensland; h.possingham@uq.edu.au.
Philosophy of ecology has been slow to become established as an area of philosophical interest, but it is now receiving considerable attention. This area holds great promise for the advancement of both ecology and the philosophy of science. Insights from the philosophy of science can advance ecology in a number of ways. For example, philosophy can assist with the development of improved models of ecological hypothesis testing and theory choice. Philosophy can also help ecologists understand the role and limitations of mathematical models in ecology. On the other side, philosophy of science will be advanced by having ecological case studies as part of the stock of examples. Ecological case studies can shed light on old philosophical topics as well as raise...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Community ecology; Decision theory; Environmental ethics; Hypothesis testing; Philosophy of ecology; Population models.
Ano: 2009

River Restoration and Meanders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kondolf, G. Mathias; University of California - Berkeley; kondolf@berkeley.edu.
Among the most visually striking river restoration projects are those that involve the creation of a new channel, often in a new alignment and generally with a form and dimensions that are different from those of the preproject channel. These channel reconstruction projects often have the objective of creating a stable, single-thread, meandering channel, even on rivers that were not historically meandering, on rivers whose sediment load and flow regime would not be consistent with such stable channels, or on already sinuous channels whose bends are not symmetrical. Such meandering channels are often specified by the Rosgen classification system, a popular restoration design approach. Although most projects of this type have not been subject to objective...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: River restoration; Meandering channels; Cultural preferences; Channel classification.
Ano: 2006

Equity, Power Games, and Legitimacy: Dilemmas of Participatory Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnaud, Cecile; INRA, UMR1201 DYNAFOR; Toulouse University, INPT-ENSAT; Toulouse University, INPT EI Purpan   ; cecile.barnaud@toulouse.inra.fr; Van Paassen, Annemarie; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Critical systems; Inequity; Participatory approach; Power; Reflexivity; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2013

The research journey: travels across the idiomatic and axiomatic toward a better understanding of complexity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGowan, Katharine A.; University of Waterloo, Canada; k2mcgowa@uwaterloo.ca; Westley, Frances; University of Waterloo, Canada; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Fraser, Evan D. G.; University of Guelph, Canada; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Loring, Philip A.; University of Saskatchewan, Canada; ploring@alaska.edu; Weathers, Kathleen C.; Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies, United States; weathersk@ecostudies.org; Avelino, Flor; Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Netherlands; avelino@fsw.eur.nl; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Austria; sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Roy Chowdhury, Rinku; Indiana University (Bloomington), United States; rroychow@indiana.edu; Moore, Michele-Lee; University of Victoria, Canada; mlmoore@uvic.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Interdisciplinarity; Social-ecological systems; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2014

Community-Based Conservation and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Implications for Social-Ecological Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Our review highlights how traditional ecological knowledge influences people's adaptive capacity to social-ecological change and identifies a set of mechanisms that contribute to such capacity in the context of community-based biodiversity conservation initiatives. Twenty-three publications, including twenty-nine case studies, were reviewed with the aim of investigating how local knowledge, community-based conservation, and resilience interrelate in social-ecological systems. We highlight that such relationships have not been systematically addressed in regions where a great number of community conservation initiatives are found; and we identify a set of factors that foster people's adaptive capacity to social-ecological change and a number of social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Biodiversity conservation; Community-based conservation; Ecosystem services; Local ecological knowledge; Natural resource management; Social-ecological change; Social-ecological resilience; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2013

Solution scanning as a key policy tool: identifying management interventions to help maintain and enhance regulating ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sutherland, William J.; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk; Gardner, Toby; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; tobyagardner@gmail.com; Bogich, Tiffany L.; Princeton University, Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology; tbogich@princeton.edu; Bradbury, Richard B.; Conservation Science Department, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds;; Clothier, Brent; New Zealand Plant &amp; Food Research, Climate Lab;; Jonsson, Mattias; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences;; Kapos, Val; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre;; Lane, Stuart N.; Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Science Laboratories;; Schroeder, Martin; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; martin.schroeder@slu.se; Spalding, Mark; The Nature Conservancy and Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; mspalding@TNC.ORG; Spencer, Tom; Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge;; White, Piran C. L. ; Environment Department, University of York;; Dicks, Lynn V.; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge; lvd22@cam.ac.uk.
The major task of policy makers and practitioners when confronted with a resource management problem is to decide on the potential solution(s) to adopt from a range of available options. However, this process is unlikely to be successful and cost effective without access to an independently verified and comprehensive available list of options. There is currently burgeoning interest in ecosystem services and quantitative assessments of their importance and value. Recognition of the value of ecosystem services to human well-being represents an increasingly important argument for protecting and restoring the natural environment, alongside the moral and ethical justifications for conservation. As well as understanding the benefits of ecosystem services, it is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate regulation; Policy making; Pollination; Regulating services; Solution scanning; Water regulation.
Ano: 2014

Toward an analytical framework for understanding complex social-ecological systems when conducting environmental impact assessments in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowd, Rebecca; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; rebecca@greendoorgroup.co.za; Quinn, Nevil W.; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England  ; nevil.quinn@uwe.ac.uk; Kotze, Donovan C.; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; kotzed@ukzn.ac.za.
Consideration of biophysical impacts has historically dominated environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice. Despite the emergence of social impact assessment, the consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA is variable, as is the extent of their integration in EIA findings. There is growing recognition for the need to move EIA practice toward sustainability assessment, characterized by comprehensiveness, i.e., scope of impacts, integration, i.e., of biophysical and socioeconomic impacts, and a greater strategic focus. This is particularly the case in developing regions and in countries like South Africa, which have statutory requirements for the full consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA. We suggest that EIA practice could benefit from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Environmental impact assessment (EIA); Framework; Participation; Social-ecological system (SES); Sustainability assessment.
Ano: 2015

Growing into Interdisciplinarity: How to Converge Biology, Economics, and Social Science in Fisheries Research?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kulmala, Soile; Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute; MTT Agrifood Research, Finland; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; soile.kulmala@ymparisto.fi; Kuikka, Sakari; Fisheries and Environmental Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki; sakari.kuikka@helsinki.fi.
It has been acknowledged that natural sciences alone cannot provide an adequate basis for the management of complex environmental problems. The scientific knowledge base has to be expanded in a more holistic direction by incorporating social and economic issues. As well, the multifaceted knowledge has to be summarized in a form that can support science-based decision making. This is, however, difficult. Interdisciplinary skills, practices, and methodologies are needed that enable the integration of knowledge from conceptually different disciplines. Through a focus on our research process, we analyzed how and what kind of interdisciplinarity between natural scientists, environmental economists, and social scientists grew from the need to better understand...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baltic Sea salmon fisheries; Bayesian belief networks; Bioeconomic modeling; Integrated model; Interdisciplinarity  interdisciplinary learning; Fisheries research; Methodological epoch&amp;#232; ; Multidisciplinarity.
Ano: 2012

Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being: a Participatory Study in a Mountain Community in Portugal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Queiroz, Cibele; Universidade de Lisboa; ciqueiroz@clix.pt; Pereira, Henrique Miguel; Universidade de Lisboa; hpereira@stanfordalumni.org; Vicente, Luis; Universidade de Lisboa; lmvicente@fc.ul.pt.
Ecosystem services are essential for human well-being, but the links between ecosystem services and human well-being are complex, diverse, context-dependent, and complicated by the need to consider different spatial and temporal scales to assess them properly. We present the results of a study in the rural community of Sistelo in northern Portugal that formed part of the Portugal Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The main purpose of our study was to assess the linkages between human well-being and ecosystem services at the local level, as perceived by the community. We used a range of tools that included participatory rural appraisal and rapid rural appraisal as well as other field methods such as direct observation, familiarization and participation in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Participatory rural appraisal; Rapid rural appraisal; Participatory study; Biodiversity; Rural community; Land abandonment; Mountain landscape; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
Ano: 2005

Performing biospheric futures with younger generations: a case in the MAB Reserve of La Sepultura, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meza, Amayrani; Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); amj_152@hotmail.com.
Providing opportunities for younger generations to voice out their views in the building of our common futures within the limits, opportunities, and dynamics of the biosphere is a central component in sustainability learning.  To this aim, a novel methodological approach using participatory theater was implemented to explore future scenarios with young people in the Man and Biosphere Reserve of La Sepultura, Mexico. Three workshops were carried out as part of a broader environmental education process, aimed at enhancing critical awareness and ownership of participants&amp;#8217; own futures. Through the reflective enactment of scenarios linked to personal actions and resources, alternative ways to think through the interconnections and the affective bonds...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Applied theater; Art-science interface; Learning for sustainability; Participatory scenarios; Performative methods; Visioning.
Ano: 2016

Tropical Forest Restoration within Galapagos National Park: Application of a State-transition Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilkinson, S. R.; University of Alberta; sarah.wilkinson@ualberta.ca; Naeth, M. A.; University of Alberta; anne.naeth@ualberta.ca; Schmiegelow, F. K. A.; University of Alberta; Fiona.schmiegelow@ualberta.ca.
Current theory on non-equilibrium communities, thresholds of irreversibility, and ecological resilience suggests the goal of ecological restoration of degraded communities is not to achieve one target, but to reestablish the temporal and spatial diversity inherent in natural ecosystems. Few restoration models, however, address ecological and management issues across the vegetation mosaic of a landscape. Because of a lack of scientific knowledge and funds, restoration practitioners focus instead on site-specific prescriptions and reactive rather than proactive approaches to restoration; this approach often dooms restoration projects to failure. We applied a state-transition model as a decision-making tool to identify and achieve short- and long-term...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological resilience; Ecosystem management; Invasive species; Restoration model.
Ano: 2005

Studying the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Europe: a meta-analysis of 89 journal articles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boeuf, Blandine; water@leeds, University of Leeds; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; eebgb@leeds.ac.uk; Fritsch, Oliver; water@leeds, University of Leeds; School of Geography, University of Leeds; o.fritsch@leeds.ac.uk.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is arguably the most ambitious piece of European Union (EU) legislation in the field of water. The directive defines a general framework for integrated river basin management in Europe with a view to achieving &amp;#8220;good water status&amp;#8221; by 2015. Institutional novelties include, among others, water management at hydrological scales, the involvement of nonstate actors in water planning, and various economic principles, as well as a common strategy to support EU member states during the implementation of the directive. More than 15 years after the adoption of the WFD, and with the passing of an important milestone, 2015,  we believe it is time for an interim assessment. This article provides a systematic review...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: EU environmental policy; Meta-analysis; Policy implementation; Systematic review; Water Framework Directive; Water governance.
Ano: 2016

The role played by social-ecological resilience as a method of integration in interdisciplinary research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beichler, Simone A.; HafenCity University Hamburg; simone.beichler@gmx.de; Hasibovic, Sanin; HafenCity University Hamburg; sanin_hasibovic@gmx.de; Davidse, Bart Jan; HafenCity University Hamburg; bartel-johannes.davidse@hcu-hamburg.de; Deppisch, Sonja; HafenCity University Hamburg; sonja.deppisch@hcu-hamburg.de.
Today&amp;#8217;s multifaceted environmental problems, including climate change, necessitate interdisciplinary research. It is however difficult to combine disciplines to study such complex phenomena. We analyzed the experience we gained in applying a particular method of interdisciplinary integration, the &amp;#8216;bridging concept.&amp;#8217; We outlined the entire process of developing, utilizing, and adapting social-ecological resilience as a bridging concept in a research project involving seven different disciplines. We focused on the tensions and opportunities arising from interdisciplinary dialogue and the understandings and manifestations of resilience in the disciplines involved. By evaluating the specific cognitive and social functions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Bridging concept; Climate change; Interdisciplinarity; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

Examining fire-prone forest landscapes as coupled human and natural systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spies, Thomas A; USDA Forest Service; tom.spies@oregonstate.edu; White, Eric M.; Oregon State University; eric.white@oregonstate.edu; Kline, Jeffrey D; USDA Forest Service; jkline@fs.fed.us; Fischer, A. Paige; USDA Forest Service; paigefischer@fs.fed.us; Ager, Alan; USDA Forest Service; aager@fs.fed.us; Bailey, John; Oregon State University; john.bailey@oregonstate.edu; Bolte, John; Oregon State University; boltej@engr.orst.edu; Koch, Jennifer; North Carolina State University; kochje@onid.orst.edu; Platt, Emily; Oregon State University; emily.platt@oregonstate.edu; Olsen, Christine S; Oregon State University; christine.olsen@oregonstate.edu; Jacobs, Derric; Oregon State University; jacobsd@onid.orst.edu; Shindler, Bruce; Oregon State University; bruce.shindler@oregonstate.edu; Steen-Adams, Michelle M; University of New England; msteenadams@une.edu; Hammer, Roger; Oregon State University; rhammer@oregonstate.edu.
Fire-prone landscapes are not well studied as coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) and present many challenges for understanding and promoting adaptive behaviors and institutions. Here, we explore how heterogeneity, feedbacks, and external drivers in this type of natural hazard system can lead to complexity and can limit the development of more adaptive approaches to policy and management. Institutions and social networks can counter these limitations and promote adaptation. We also develop a conceptual model that includes a robust characterization of social subsystems for a fire-prone landscape in Oregon and describe how we are building an agent-based model to promote understanding of this social-ecological system. Our agent-based model, which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; CHANS; Coupled human and natural systems; Fire policy; Fire-prone landscapes.
Ano: 2014

Conclusions: Reframing the Possibilities for Natural and Social Science Dialogue on the Economic History of Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ommer, Rosemary E.; Departments of History and Geography, University of Victoria; ommer@uvic.ca; Paterson, Barbara; Marine Research Institute (Ma-Re), Zoology Department, University of Cape Town; Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA), Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland   ; Barbara@paterson.alt.na.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Toward Integrated Analysis of Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity: Lessons from Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; dgoliche@sclc.ecosur.mx; Gonzalez-Espinosa, Mario; ECOSUR; mgonzale@ecosur.mx; Huth, Andreas; UFZ; andreas.huth@ufz.de; Premoli, Andrea; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.
Although sustainable forest management (SFM) has been widely adopted as a policy and management goal, high rates of forest loss and degradation are still occurring in many areas. Human activities such as logging, livestock husbandry, crop cultivation, infrastructural development, and use of fire are causing widespread loss of biodiversity, restricting progress toward SFM. In such situations, there is an urgent need for tools that can provide an integrated assessment of human impacts on forest biodiversity and that can support decision making related to forest use. This paper summarizes the experience gained by an international collaborative research effort spanning more than a decade, focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Environmental modeling; Landscape ecology; Latin America; Spatial analysis; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2009

Citizen Science as a Tool for Conservation in Residential Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cooper, Caren B; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; cbc25@cornell.edu; Dickinson, Janis; Cornell Lab of Ornithology;; Phillips, Tina; Cornell Lab of Ornithology;; Bonney, Rick; Cornell Lab of Ornithology;.
Human activities, such as mining, forestry, and agriculture, strongly influence processes in natural systems. Because conservation has focused on managing and protecting wildlands, research has focused on understanding the indirect influence of these human activities on wildlands. Although a conservation focus on wildlands is critically important, the concept of residential area as an ecosystem is relatively new, and little is known about the potential of such areas to contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. As urban sprawl increases, it becomes urgent to construct a method to research and improve the impacts of management strategies for residential landscapes. If the cumulative activities of individual property owners could help conserve...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Cumulative effects; Residential landscapes; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2007

A method for the deliberate and deliberative selection of policy instrument mixes for climate change adaptation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mees, Heleen L. P.; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; h.l.p.mees@uu.nl; Dijk, Justin; IVM and Department of Spatial Economics, VU University Amsterdam; justin.dijk@vu.nl; van Soest, Daan; Department of Economics and Tilburg Sustainability Center, Tilburg University; d.p.vansoest@tilburguniversity.edu; Driessen, Peter P. J.; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; p.driessen@uu.nl; van Rijswick, Marleen H. F. M. W.; Utrecht Center for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University; H.vanRijswick@uu.nl; Runhaar, Hens; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; H.A.C.Runhaar@uu.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation to climate change; Local governance; Method; Policy instrument selection.
Ano: 2014

Integrating Research on Food and the Environment: an Exit Strategy from the Rational Fool Syndrome in Agricultural Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ashby, Jacqueline A; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical; J.ASHBY@CGIAR.ORG.
The thesis of this paper is that the "rational fool" syndrome can be applied to mainstream public sector agricultural research that is conducted in a way that is rational in the short term, but acts against its own long-term viability. Historically, a main concern of such research has been to maximize high levels of food production together with low prices to consumers. As a result, mainstream agricultural science has ignored negative impacts or externalities, which has contributed to a crisis of credibility with the general public and politically sensitive decision makers. A long-term strategic research agenda for the public sector is being defined that is new and relevant to present efforts to integrate natural resource management and sustainable...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem health; Human health; Natural resource management; Rational fool syndrome; Strategic research; Sustainable agricultural production.
Ano: 2001

A Diagnostic Procedure for Transformative Change Based on Transitions, Resilience, and Institutional Thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ferguson, Briony C.; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; briony.ferguson@monash.edu; Brown, Rebekah R.; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; Rebekah.Brown@monash.edu; Deletic, Ana; Department of Civil Engineering; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; ana.deletic@monash.edu.
Urban water governance regimes around the world have traditionally planned large-scale, centralized infrastructure systems that aim to control variables and reduce uncertainties. There is growing sectoral awareness that a transition toward sustainable alternatives is necessary if systems are to meet society&amp;#8217;s future water needs in the context of drivers such as climate change and variability, demographic changes, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity. However, there is minimal understanding of how the urban water sector should operationalize its strategic planning for such change to facilitate the transition to a sustainable water future. We have integrated concepts from transitions, resilience, and institutional theory to develop a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Resilience; Strategic planning; Sustainability; Transformative change; Transition; Urban water.
Ano: 2013

Ecosystem Services of Tropical Dry Forests: Insights from Long-term Ecological and Social Research on the Pacific Coast of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daily, Gretchen C; Stanford University; gdaily@stanford.edu; Mooney, Harold A; Stanford University; hmooney@jasper.stanford.edu; Ehrlich, Paul; Stanford University; pre@stanford.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chamela Region; Ecological economics; Ecosystem services; Integrative research; Mexico  Pacific Coast; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Socioecological systems; Tropical dry forest.
Ano: 2005

Closing the Gap: Communicating to Change Gardening Practices in Support of Native Biodiversity in Urban Private Gardens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Heezik, Yolanda M; University of Otago; yolanda.vanheezik@otago.ac.nz; Dickinson, Katharine J. M.; University of Otago; kath.dickinson@botany.otago.ac.nz; Freeman, Claire; University of Otago; cf@geography.otago.ac.nz.
Private gardens collectively comprise the largest green space in most cities and the greatest potential for increasing the extent of wildlife-friendly and native-dominated habitat, improving the quality of ecosystem services, and providing opportunities for urban dwellers to reconnect with nature. Because attitudes and values driving landscape preferences in gardens are complex and often not conducive to biodiversity, and a gap exists between the possession of knowledge or values and the expression of pro-environmental behavior, facilitating change in gardening behavior is challenging. We attempted to improve knowledge and influence values, attitudes, and gardening behavior of 55 householders in favor of native biodiversity and environmentally friendly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitude; Behavior; Communication; Garden; Gardening; Native; Urban; Wildlife gardening.
Ano: 2012

Cultural Foundations for Ecological Restoration on the White Mountain Apache Reservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Long, Jonathan; ; johnny578293@yahoo.com; Tecle, Aregai; Northern Arizona University; aregai.tecle@nau.edu; Burnette, Benrita; ; mburnette@wmat.nsn.us.
Myths, metaphors, and social norms that facilitate collective action and understanding of restoration dynamics serve as foundations for ecological restoration. The experience of the White Mountain Apache Tribe demonstrates how such cultural foundations can permeate and motivate ecological restoration efforts. Through interviews with tribal cultural advisors and restoration practitioners, we examined how various traditions inform their understanding of restoration processes. Creation stories reveal the time-honored importance and functions of water bodies within the landscape, while place names yield insights into their historical and present conditions. Traditional healing principles and agricultural traditions help guide modern restoration techniques. A...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Riparian; Traditional ecological knowledge; Wetland.
Ano: 2003

Towards Adaptive Management: Examining the Strategies of Policy Entrepreneurs in Dutch Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brouwer, Stijn; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM); stijn.brouwer@ivm.vu.nl; Biermann, Frank; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM); frank.biermann@ivm.vu.nl.
The growing awareness of the complexities and uncertainties in water management has put into question the existing paradigms in this field. Increasingly more flexible, integrated, and adaptive policies are promoted. In this context, the understanding of how to effect policy change is becoming more important. This article analyzes policy making at the micro level, focusing on the behavior of policy entrepreneurs, which we understand here as risk-taking bureaucrats who seek to change policy and are involved throughout the policy-change process. Policy entrepreneurs have received a certain level of attention in the adaptive co-management literature and the policy sciences in past decades. Yet, the understanding of the actions they can take to facilitate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Policy change; Policy entrepreneurs; Strategies; Water management; Windows of opportunity.
Ano: 2011

Anticipating and Managing Future Trade-offs and Complementarities between Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reed, Mark S; Birmingham City University; Mark.Reed@bcu.ac.uk; Hubacek, Klaus; University of Maryland; Hubacek@umd.edu; Bonn, Aletta; University of Sheffield; a.bonn@sheffield.ac.uk; Burt, Tim P; University of Durham; t.p.burt@durham.ac.uk; Holden, Joseph; University of Leeds; j.holden@geography.leeds.ac.uk; Stringer, Lindsay C; University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk; Beharry-Borg, Nesha; University of Leeds; N.C.Beharry-Borg@leeds.ac.uk; Buckmaster, Sarah; UK Collaborative on Development Sciences; s.buckmaster.08@aberdeen.ac.uk; Chapman, Dan; Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology, Edinburgh; dcha@ceh.ac.uk; Chapman, Pippa J; University of Leeds; P.J.Chapman@leeds.ac.uk; Clay, Gareth D; University of Manchester; gareth.clay@manchester.ac.uk; Cornell, Stephen J; University of Leeds; S.J.Cornell@leeds.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J; University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Evely, Anna C.; Project Maya Community Interest Company; anna@projectmaya.org; Fraser, Evan D. G.; University of Guelph; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Jin, Nanlin; Brunel University; n.jin@leeds.ac.uk; Irvine, Brian J; University of Leeds; B.J.Irvine@leeds.ac.uk; Kirkby, Mike J; University of Leeds; M.J.Kirkby@leeds.ac.uk; Kunin, William E; University of Leeds; W.E.Kunin@leeds.ac.uk; Prell, Christina; University of Maryland; cprell@socy.umd.edu; Quinn, Claire H; University of Leeds; C.H.Quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Slee, Bill; James Hutton Institute; B.Slee@macaulay.ac.uk; Stagl, Sigrid; Vienna University of Economics and Business; Sigrid.Stagl@wu.ac.at; Termansen, Mette; Aarhus University; mter@dmu.dk; Thorp, Simon; The Heather Trust; simon.thorp@heathertrust.co.uk; Worrall, Fred; University of Durham; Fred.Worrall@durham.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Blanket bog; Ecosystem services; Heath; Mountain; Moorland; Payments for ecosystem services; Peak District National Park; Upland.
Ano: 2013

Incentive Systems That Support Sustainability: A First Nations Example
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trosper, Ronald L; Northern Arizona University; Ronald.Trosper@nau.edu.
Prior to contact with European settlers, the incentive and governance systems used by First Nations peoples of the Northwest coast of North America provided more sustainable use of the fisheries and other resources of that region than did subsequent systems. This paper explores the major reason for that success: the requirements of the potlatch system that chiefs share their income with each other. Because chiefs controlled well-defined territories and subjected each other to review, the potlatch governance system embodied the characteristics of negative feedback, coordination, resiliency, and robustness that political scientist John Dryzek identifies as means to support ecological rationality in the management of ecosystems. This ecological rationality...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Incentive systems; Ecological rationality; Ecosystem management; Sustainability; Potlatch; First Nations; American Indians; Common-pool resource; Northwest Coast fishery; Property rights; Watershed ecosystem.
Ano: 1998

Addressing the temporal fit of institutions: the regulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Honkela, Nina; Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki; nina.honkela@helsinki.fi; Hukkinen, Janne I.; Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki; Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki; janne.i.hukkinen@helsinki.fi.
The concept of temporal fit between biophysical systems and institutions has lately received great attention by scholars interested in environmental governance. Although we agree that the concept of temporal fit is a valuable approach for highlighting the temporal challenges of governance systems, we argue that the concept is currently lacking precision with regard to temporal complexity. We build on Barbara Adam&amp;#8217;s work on &amp;#8220;timescapes&amp;#8221;  to offer a more nuanced account of temporal fit and misfit. We illustrate the analytical usefulness of our approach by examining the regulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) within European Union&amp;#8217;s Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Institutional fit; REACH; Temporal fit; Time; Timescape.
Ano: 2014

Balancing Ecosystem Services and Disservices: Smallholder Farmers&amp;#8217; Use and Management of Forest and Trees in an Agricultural Landscape in Southwestern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ango, Tola Gemechu; Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University; tola.gemechu@humangeo.su.se; Senbeta, Feyera; Center for Environment and Development Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University ; feyeras@yahoo.com; Hylander, Kristoffer; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University; Kristoffer.Hylander@botan.su.se.
Farmers&amp;#8217; practices in the management of agricultural landscapes influence biodiversity with implications for livelihoods, ecosystem service provision, and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we examined how smallholding farmers in an agriculture-forest mosaic landscape in southwestern Ethiopia manage trees and forests with regard to a few selected ecosystem services and disservices that they highlighted as &amp;#8220;beneficial&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;problematic.&amp;#8221; Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from six villages, located both near and far from forest, using participatory field mapping and semistructured interviews, tree species inventory, focus group discussions, and observation. The study showed that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscape; Biodiversity; Ecosystem services and disservices; Ethiopia; Farmer practices; Forest; Gera; Trees.
Ano: 2014

Understanding adaptation and transformation through indigenous practice: the case of the Guna of Panama
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Apgar, Marina J; Policy, Economic and Social Sciences, WorldFish Center; m.apgar@cgxchange.org; Allen, Will; Learning for Sustainability; willallennz@gmail.com; Moore, Kevin; Faculty of Environment, Society and Design, Lincoln University; kevin.moore@lincoln.ac.nz; Ataria, James; Te Matapuna, Kaupapa Maori Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University; jamie.ataria@gmail.com.
Resilience is emerging as a promising vehicle for improving management of social-ecological systems that can potentially lead to more sustainable arrangements between environmental and social spheres. Central to an understanding of how to support resilience is the need to understand social change and its links with adaptation and transformation. Our aim is to contribute to insights about and understanding of underlying social dynamics at play in social-ecological systems. We argue that longstanding indigenous practices provide opportunities for investigating processes of adaptation and transformation. We use in-depth analysis of adaptation and transformation through engagement in participatory action research, focusing on the role of cultural and social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cultural practice; Guna; Reflection; Resilience; Ritual; Participatory action research; Transformation.
Ano: 2015

Habitat Shape, Species Invasions, and Reserve Design: Insights from Simple Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu.
Species invasions have become a major threat to global biodiversity. We currently lack a general theory of species invasions that allows us to make useful predictions about when and where invasions will occur, whether they will be successful, and whether they will alter ecosystem function in invaded habitats. One line of enquiry in developing such a theory is to focus on the characteristics of successful invaders. A second, complementary approach is to examine habitats of interest more closely and ask how the properties of the habitat that is being invaded affect the likelihood of invasion success. In this paper, I consider the importance of habitat shape (also termed "habitat topology" or "habitat geometry") as a variable affecting the dispersal and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cellular automaton model; Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Habitat complexity; Habitat geometry; Habitat shape; Landscape ecology; Reaction-diffusion model; Reserve design; Reserve networks; Species invasion.
Ano: 2002

Changes in Mammalian Body Length over 175 Years&amp;#8212;Adaptations to a Fragmented Landscape?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schmidt, Niels Martin; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; nms@kvl.dk; Jensen, Per Moestrup; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; pmj@kvl.dk.
The potential consequences of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on species diversity and extinction have drawn considerable attention in recent decades. In many cases, traditional island biogeography theory has been applied to explain the observed patterns. Here, we propose that habitat fragmentation as a selective force can be traced in mammalian body length changes. By exploring historical sources, we are able to show that the body length of Danish mammals has altered over a period of 175 years, possibly in response to increasing habitat fragmentation. The rate of body length change was generally lowest in medium-sized mammals, and increased with both smaller and larger body mass. Small mammals have generally increased, whereas large mammals have...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Body length; Habitat fragmentation; Island biogeography; Island rule; Mammalia; Reproductive capacity; Size-specific mortality; Traffic.
Ano: 2003

Instrumental Learning and Sustainability Indicators: Outputs from Co-Construction Experiments in West African Biosphere Reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bouamrane, Meriem; MAB-UNESCO; m.bouamrane@unesco.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Integrated natural resource management; Interaction indicators; Instrumental learning; Local knowledge.
Ano: 2008

An integrated social and ecological modeling framework&amp;#8212;impacts of agricultural conservation practices on water quality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dalo&amp;#287;lu, Irem; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; daloglu@umich.edu; Nassauer, Joan Iverson; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; nassauer@umich.edu; Riolo, Rick; Center for the Studies of Complex Systems, University of Michigan; rlriolo@umich.edu; Scavia, Donald; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan; scavia@umich.edu.
We present a modeling framework that synthesizes social, economic, and ecological aspects of landscape change to evaluate how different agricultural policy and land tenure scenarios and land management preferences affect landscape pattern and downstream water quality. We linked a stylized agent-based model (ABM) of farmers&amp;#8217; conservation practice adoption decisions with a water quality model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to simulate the water quality effects of changing land tenure dynamics and different policies for crop revenue insurance in lieu of commodity payments over 41 years (1970&amp;#8211;2010) for a predominantly agricultural watershed of Lake Erie.  Results show that non-operator owner involvement in land management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ABM; Agricultural policy; Agriculture; Conservation practice; Integrated modeling; SWAT; Water quality.
Ano: 2014

Seeing is questioning: prompting sustainability discourses through an evocative visual agenda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomsen, Dana C; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au.
I explore the potential utility of visual imagery to engage viewers in connecting ways with dynamic social-ecological contexts. Constructing photographs in response to the mass stranding of birds (shearwaters) on the east coast of Australia in 2013, I demonstrate the potential of wildlife and landscape photography to represent the impacts of environmental change at personal, relational, spatial, and temporal scales simultaneously.  In so doing, I suggest that the production and interpretation of photographs can lead to responses that: (1) foster attentive forms of vision in familiar contexts; (2) provoke reflexive self-examination and critiques of broader, complex systems; (3) develop emotional connections with those impacted by social-ecological change;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Art; Australia; Autoethnography; Environmental change; Interdisciplinary; Learning for sustainability; Photography; Social-ecological change; Visual communication.
Ano: 2015

Sayer, J. A., and B. M. Campbell. 2004. The Science of Sustainable Development. Local Livelihoods and the Global Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2005

The Adaptive Co-Management Process: an Initial Synthesis of Representative Models and Influential Variables
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Department of Tourism and Environment, Brock University; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University  ; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca.
Collaborative and adaptive approaches to environmental management have captured the attention of administrators, resource users, and scholars. Adaptive co-management builds upon these approaches to create a novel governance strategy. This paper investigates the dynamics of the adaptive co-management process and the variables that influence it. The investigation begins by summarizing analytical and causal models relevant to the adaptive co-management process. Variables that influence this process are then synthesized from diverse literatures, categorized as being exogenous or endogenous, and developed into respective analytical frameworks. In identifying commonalities among models of the adaptive co-management process and discerning influential variables,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Co-management; Environmental governance; Resilience; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2009

The Ecology and Society NetWork
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Palavras-chave: Ecology and society; Network; Transdisciplinary science.
Ano: 2009

Research to Integrate Productivity Enhancement, Environmental Protection, and Human Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sayer, Jeffrey A; WWF (World Wildlife Fund); jsayer@wwfint.org; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.campbell@cgiar.org.
To meet the challenges of poverty and environmental sustainability, a different kind of research will be needed. This research will need to embrace the complexity of these systems by redirecting the objectives of research toward enhancing adaptive capacity, by incorporating more participatory approaches, by embracing key principles such as multi-scale analysis and intervention, and by the use of a variety of tools (e.g., systems analysis, information management tools, and impact assessment tools). Integration will be the key concept in the new approach; integration across scales, components, stakeholders, and disciplines. Integrated approaches, as described in this Special Feature, will require changes in the culture and organization of research.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decision making; Impact assessment; Integration; Scale; Social learning; Systems modeling.
Ano: 2002

Coastal Lagoons and Climate Change: Ecological and Social Ramifications in U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anthony, Abigail; University of Rhode Island; abigailanthony@gmail.com; Atwood, Joshua; University of Rhode Island; josh.atwood@gmail.com; August, Peter; University of Rhode Island; pete@edc.uri.edu; Byron, Carrie; University of Rhode Island; carriebyron@mail.uri.edu; Cobb, Stanley; University of Rhode Island; scobb@uri.edu; Foster, Cheryl; University of Rhode Island; cherylf@uri.edu; Fry, Crystal; University of Rhode Island; cfry315@gmail.com; Gold, Arthur; University of Rhode Island; agold@uri.edu; Hagos, Kifle; University of Rhode Island; kwhagos@gmail.com; Heffner, Leanna; University of Rhode Island; leanna.heffner@gmail.com; Kellogg, D. Q; University of Rhode Island; qkellogg@uri.edu; Lellis-Dibble, Kimberly; University of Rhode Island; kimberlylellis@yahoo.com; Opaluch, James J; University of Rhode Island; JimO@URI.Edu; Oviatt, Candace; University of Rhode Island; coviatt@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu; Pfeiffer-Herbert, Anna; University of Rhode Island; annaph@gso.uri.edu; Rohr, Nicole; University of Rhode Island; nicoro12@gmail.com; Smith, Leslie; University of Rhode Island; leslie.smith@gso.uri.edu; Smythe, Tiffany; ; tcsmythe@my.uri.edu; Swift, Judith; University of Rhode Island; jswift@uri.edu; Vinhateiro, Nathan; University of Rhode Island; nate@gso.uri.edu.
Lagoons are highly productive coastal features that provide a range of natural services that society values. Their setting within the coastal landscape leaves them especially vulnerable to profound physical, ecological, and associated societal disturbance from global climate change. Expected shifts in physical and ecological characteristics range from changes in flushing regime, freshwater inputs, and water chemistry to complete inundation and loss and the concomitant loss of natural and human communities. Therefore, managing coastal lagoons in the context of global climate change is critical. Although management approaches will vary depending on local conditions and cultural norms, all management scenarios will need to be nimble and to make full use of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coastal lagoons; Ecosystems; Social values.
Ano: 2009

Analysis of the Impact of the Use of Eucalyptus Biomass for Energy on Wood Availability for Eucalyptus Forest in Portugal: a Simulation Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barreiro, Susana ; Instituto Superior de Agronomia,  Technical University of Lisbon; smb@isa.utl.pt.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biomass residues; Energy production; Eucalyptus; Pulp and paper industry regional simulator; SIMPLOT.
Ano: 2012

Modeling urban expansion policy scenarios using an agent-based approach for Guangzhou Metropolitan Region of China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tian, Guangjin; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University; tianguangjin@bnu.edu.cn; Qiao, Zhi; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University; 386656602@qq.com.
Policy makers and the human decision processes of urban planning have an impact on urban expansion. The behaviors and decision modes of regional authority, real estate developer, resident, and farmer agents and their interactions can be simulated by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The driving factors are regressed with urban dynamics instead of static land-use types. Agents&amp;#8217; behaviors and decision modes have an impact on the urban dynamic pattern by adjusting parameter weights. We integrate an agent-based model) (ABM) with AHP to investigate a complex decision-making process and future urban dynamic processes. Three policy scenarios for baseline development, rapid development, and green land protection have been applied to predict...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Analytical hierarchy process; Guangzhou; Policy makers; Scenario analysis.
Ano: 2014

Emergence of Global Adaptive Governance for Stewardship of Regional Marine Resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se.
Overfishing has historically caused widespread stock collapses in the Southern Ocean. Until recently, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing threatened to result in the collapse of some of the few remaining valuable fish stocks in the region and vulnerable seabird populations. Currently, this unsustainable fishing has been reduced to less than 10% of former levels. We describe and analyze the emergence of the social-ecological governance system that made it possible to curb the fisheries crisis. For this purpose, we investigated the interplay between actors, social networks, organizations, and institutions in relation to environmental outcomes. We drew on a diversity of methods, including qualitative interviews, quantitative social network and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: CCAMLR; Governance; IUU fishing; Marine ecology; Southern Ocean; Toothfish.
Ano: 2013

Avian Cholera emergence in Arctic-nesting northern Common Eiders: using community-based, participatory surveillance to delineate disease outbreak patterns and predict transmission risk
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Iverson, Samuel A; Department of Biology, Simon Fraser University; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada; samuel.iverson@canada.ca; Forbes, Mark R.; Department of Biology, Carleton University; mark_forbes@carleton.ca; Simard, Manon; Nunavik Research Centre, Makivik Corporation, Kuujjuaq; manonsimard@eeyoumarineregion.ca; Soos, Catherine; Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan; catherine.soos@canada.ca; Gilchrist, H. Grant; National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada; grant.gilchrist@canada.ca.
Emerging infectious diseases are a growing concern in wildlife conservation. Documenting outbreak patterns and determining the ecological drivers of transmission risk are fundamental to predicting disease spread and assessing potential impacts on population viability. However, evaluating disease in wildlife populations requires expansive surveillance networks that often do not exist in remote and developing areas. Here, we describe the results of a community-based research initiative conducted in collaboration with indigenous harvesters, the Inuit, in response to a new series of Avian Cholera outbreaks affecting Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) and other comingling species in the Canadian Arctic. Avian Cholera is a virulent disease of birds caused by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Avian Cholera; Common Eider; Conservation; Emerging infectious disease; Inuit; Maxent; Participatory surveillance; Species-habitat model.
Ano: 2016

Russell, E. 2001. War and Nature: Fighting Humans and Insects with Chemicals from World War I to Silent Spring. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, New York, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steen-Adams, Michelle; University of Wisconsin-Madison; mmsteen@students.wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Genesis of an indigenous social-ecological landscape in eastern Panama
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sharma, Divya; Department of Biology, McGill University; divya.sharma2@mail.mcgill.ca; Vergara-Asenjo, Gerardo; Department of Biology, McGill University; Instituto Forestal de Chile; gevergara@gmail.com; Potvin, Catherine; Department of Biology, McGill University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca.
Knowledge of the interplay between ecological and social influences in the context of land-use decision-making is sparse. To help fill this gap, we conducted participatory land-cover mapping in an indigenous territory of eastern Panama to identify factors that influenced household land-use decisions. The map illustrated a mosaic of land cover dominated by pasture. Primary discourse on influences from 35 semistructured interviews with landowners, women, and youth emphasized economic concerns, such as subsistence, and social-cultural factors, such as reticence to abandon traditional agriculture. Multivariate analysis showed that timing of family settlement helped determine proportion of forest cover, and place of origin helped determine proportion of short...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Eastern Panama; Deforestation; Forest cover; Indigenous migration; Land-cover mapping; Land-use change; Land-use decisions; Livelihood strategies; Local knowledge; Reforestation; Social-ecological landscape.
Ano: 2015

Assessing Risks to Wildlife Populations from Multiple Stressors: Overview of the Problem and Research Needs.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munns, Jr., Wayne R.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; munns.wayne@epa.gov.
Wildlife populations are experiencing increasing pressure from human-induced changes in the landscape. Stressors including agricultural and urban land use, introduced invasive and exotic species, nutrient enrichment, direct human disturbance, and toxic chemicals directly or indirectly influence the quality and quantity of habitat used by terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. Governmental agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are required to assess risks to wildlife populations, in its broadest definition, that result from exposure to these stressors, yet considerable uncertainty exists with respect to how such assessments should be conducted. This uncertainty is compounded by questions concerning the interactive effects of co-occurring...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecological risk assessment; Multiple stressors; Wildlife populations; Extrapolation; Population models; Research needs.
Ano: 2006

Teaching and Learning Ecological Modeling over the Web: a Collaborative Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Voinov, Alexey; IEE UMCES; voinov@cbl.umces.edu.
A framework for web-based collaborative teaching has been created. This framework is implemented as an ecological modeling course (http://iee.umces.edu/AV/Simmod.html), but should be flexible enough to apply to other disciplines. I have developed a series of tools to facilitate interactive communication between students and instructors, and among students taking the course. The course content consists of reading materials that describe the theory of systems analysis and modeling, guidelines on how models can be built, and numerous examples and illustrations. The interactive part includes exercises that can be discussed with and evaluated by the instructor, and provides a means to mimic class discussions. To what extent this approach can replace...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative teaching; Ecological modeling; Interactivity; Open source; Web education.
Ano: 2002

Perceptions of Australian marine protected area managers regarding the role, importance, and achievability of adaptation for managing the risks of climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cvitanovic, Christopher; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University; christopher.cvitanovic@csiro.au; Marshall, Nadine A.; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO, based at James Cook University; nadine.marshall@csiro.au; Wilson, Shaun K.; Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Australia; Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia; Shaun.Wilson@DPaW.wa.gov.au; Dobbs, Kirstin; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia; kirstin.dobbs@gbrmpa.gov.au; Hobday, Alistair J.; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO, Tasmania; alistair.hobday@csiro.au.
The rapid development of adaptation as a mainstream strategy for managing the risks of climate change has led to the emergence of a broad range of adaptation policies and management strategies globally. However, the success of such policies or management interventions depends on the effective integration of new scientific research into the decision-making process. Ineffective communication between scientists and environmental decision makers represents one of the key barriers limiting the integration of science into the decision-making process in many areas of natural resource management. This can be overcome by understanding the perceptions of end users, so as to identify knowledge gaps and develop improved and targeted strategies for communication and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision making; Knowledge exchange; Knowledge transfer; Science impact; Science integration; Trust.
Ano: 2014

Balancing Accuracy and Meaning in Common-Pool Resource Theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University; miecox@indiana.edu.
Common-pool resources are managed in complex environments that are amenable to understanding, analysis, and management at multiple levels. This paper develops a heuristic criterion to identify the costs and benefits of adopting various levels of analysis when constructing theory for common-pool resource management. It argues that there is no single optimal level for such analysis. Instead, a trade-off is posed where theories at higher levels tend to be more accurate but less meaningful than theories at lower levels.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Complexity; Institutional analysis; Scale.
Ano: 2008

A Note on Creating Robust Resistance Surfaces for Computing Functional Landscape Connectivity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Theobald, David M.; Colorado State University; davet@nrel.colostate.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Cost-weighted surfaces; Functional connectivity; GIS methods.
Ano: 2005

Regional Variation in Non-Timber Forest Product Harvest Strategies, Trade, and Ecological Impacts: the Case of Black Dammar (Canarium strictum Roxb.) Use and Conservation in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Varghese, Anita; Keystone Foundation; anita@keystone-foundation.org; Ticktin, Tamara; Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa; People and Plants International; ticktin@hawaii.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Canarium strictum; Conservation; India; Non-timber forest products; Resin; Western Ghats.
Ano: 2008

Model-Based Estimation of Collision Risks of Predatory Birds with Wind Turbines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eichhorn, Marcus; UFZ-Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research; marcus.eichhorn@ufz.de; Johst, Karin; UFZ-Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research; karin.johst@ufz.de; Seppelt, Ralf; UFZ-Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research; ralf.seppelt@ufz.de; Drechsler, Martin; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; martin.drechsler@ufz.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collision risk; Foraging behavior; Impact assessment; Individual-based model; Milvus milvus; Red Kite; Spatial model; Wind power.
Ano: 2012

Designing Landscapes for Performance Based on Emerging Principles in Landscape Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lovell, Sarah Taylor; University of Vermont; Sarah.Lovell@uvm.edu; Johnston, Douglas M.; Iowa State University; dmjohnst@iastate.edu.
We have proposed a framework for transforming landscapes to improve performance by integrating ecological principles into landscape design.  This effort would focus on the development of multifunctional landscapes, guided by the rapidly growing knowledge base of ecosystem services provided by landscape features.  Although the conventional approach to landscape ecology is based on a model that assumes poor ecological quality in the human-dominated matrix, a review of recent literature reveals important opportunities to improve the quality of the landscape matrix by increasing spatial heterogeneity through the addition of seminatural landscape elements designed to provide multiple ecosystem services.  Taken alone, these individual elements might not appear...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystem; Design guidelines; Ecological design; Ecosystem services; Human-dominated; Multifunctional landscape; Multifunctionality; Urban agriculture; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2009

The application of resilience assessment&amp;#8212;resilience of what, to what, with what? A case study based on Caledon, Ontario, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Liu, Wai Ting; Alumna, Environment and Resource Studies Graduate Program,  University of Waterloo; sellearth@yahoo.com.
Resilience assessment can be used to determine major issues, stakeholders, vulnerabilities, and opportunities of a social&amp;#8211;ecological system to enhance resilience. A resilience assessment was conducted on the Town of Caledon, Ontario between 2010 and 2011 using the Resilience Assessment Workbook for Practitioners (version 1). The assessment explores the following three questions: Resilience of what? Resilience to what? Resilience with what? The answer to the first question describes the history, main issues, and stakeholders of the focal system. The answers to the remaining two questions describe potential resilience threats and assets, respectively. The assessment results include (1) identified resilience threats and assets of Caledon as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conflicting interests; Resilience assessment; Resilience assets and threats; Urban growth.
Ano: 2014

Gardner, R. H., W. M. Kemp, V. S. Kennedy, and J. E. Petersen, editors. 2001. Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beisner, Beatrix E; University of Wisconsin-Madison; bebeisner@facstaff.wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

The governance of adaptation: choices, reasons, and effects. Introduction to the Special Feature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Open University of the Netherlands; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Adger, William Neil; University of Exeter; n.adger@exeter.ac.uk; Berkhout, Frans; Department of Geography, King's College London, UK; frans.berkhout@kcl.ac.uk; Massey, Eric; VU University; eric.massey@vu.nl; Mazmanian, Daniel; University of Southern California; mazmania@usc.edu; Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; stefania.munaretto@vu.nl; Plummer, Ryan; Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca; Termeer, Catrien C. J. A. M.; Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl.
The governance of climate adaptation involves the collective efforts of multiple societal actors to address problems, or to reap the benefits, associated with impacts of climate change. Governing involves the creation of  institutions, rules and organizations, and the selection of normative principles to guide problem solution and institution building. We argue that actors involved in governing climate change adaptation, as climate change governance regimes evolve, inevitably must engage  in making choices, for instance on problem definitions, jurisdictional levels, on modes of governance and policy instruments, and on the timing of interventions. Yet little is known about how and why these choices are made in practice, and how such choices affect the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Governance.
Ano: 2016

Can Adaptive Comanagement Help to Address the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca.
A shift is taking place within environmental governance that draws attention to modes and instruments that respond to system dynamics, uncertainty, and contested values.  Adaptive comanagement is one process being advanced to make governance operational as it emphasizes collaboration among diverse actors, functions across scales and levels, and fosters learning though iterative feedback. Although extensive experience with adaptive comanagement has been gained in relation to other environmental and resource issues, its potential contribution to the governance of adaption is largely unexplored. This paper probes how adaptive comanagement might offer support to climate change adaptation and identifies gaps in knowledge requiring attention. In drawing upon...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive comanagement; Adaptive responses; Climate change adaptation; Environmental governance.
Ano: 2013

Strengthening Environmental Foresight: Potential Contributions of Futures Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bengston, David N; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; dbengston@fs.fed.us; Kubik, George H; Anticipatory Futures Group, LLC; University of Minnesota, Innovation Studies; kubik005@umn.edu; Bishop, Peter C; Associate Professor of Strategic Foresight, Dept. of Futures Studies, The University of Houston; pbishop@uh.edu.
The need for environmental foresight has increased in recent decades as the pace of change has accelerated and the frequency of surprise has increased. Successfully dealing with the growing impacts of change on social-ecological systems depends on our ability to anticipate change. But traditional scientific tools are blunt instruments for studying a future that does not exist. We propose that futures research, a transdisciplinary field of inquiry that has been developing for more than 50 years, offers an underused but fruitful set of approaches to address this important challenge. A few futures research methods&amp;#8212;notably several forms of scenario analysis&amp;#8212;have been applied to environmental issues and problems in recent years. But...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental futures; Futures research; Scenarios; Strategic foresight.
Ano: 2012

Multiple pathways to sustainability in the city: the case of San Juan, Puerto Rico
Provedor de dados: 7
I examined the multiple visions of the future of the city that can emerge when city actors and organizations reconfigure themselves to address sustainability. In various cities worldwide, novel ideas, initiatives, and networks are emerging in governance to address social and ecological conditions in urban areas. However, cities can be contested spaces, bringing a plurality of actors, network configurations, preferences, and knowledge that shape the politics over desirable pathways for future development. I used the knowledge-action systems analysis (KASA) approach to examine the frames and knowledge systems influencing how different actors involved in the land governance network of the city of San Juan constructed visions for the future of the city....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive governance; Frames; Knowledge-action systems; Networks; San Juan; Sustainable pathways; Transformation; Urban social-ecological systems; Visions.
Ano: 2014

Linking Flow Regime and Water Quality in Rivers: a Challenge to Adaptive Catchment Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Water quality describes the physicochemical characteristics of the water body.  These vary naturally with the weather and with the spatiotemporal variation of the water flow, i.e., the flow regime. Worldwide, biota have adapted to the variation in these variables. River channels and their riparian zones contain a rich selection of adapted species and have been able to offer goods and services for sustaining human civilizations. Many human impacts on natural riverine environments have been destructive and present opportunities for rehabilitation. It is a big challenge to satisfy the needs of both humans and nature, without sacrificing one or the other. New ways of thinking, new policies, and institutional commitment are needed to make improvements, both in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Catchment scale; Ecosystem processes; Environmental flows; Flow regime; Rivers; Water quality.
Ano: 2008

A Collaborative Research Process Studying Fruit Availability and Seed Dispersal within an Indigenous Community in  the Middle Caqueta River Region, Colombian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Ano: 2007

Considering Other Consumers: Fisheries, Predators, and Atlantic Herring in the Gulf of Maine
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Read, Andrew J; Duke University; aread@duke.edu; Brownstein, Carrie R; Duke University; cbrownstein@audubon.org.
After decades of overexploitation and severe depletion, Atlantic herring stocks in waters of the northeastern United States have recovered. Fishery managers now consider the herring resource to be underexploited. Nevertheless, some fishery managers and sustainable fishery advocates in New England have expressed concern that the fishery management plan may not adequately consider the importance of herring as prey for marine mammals, seabirds, and piscivorous fish. Several studies suggest that consumption by these predators is significant, yet trophic interactions are not explicitly considered in stock assessment models. Instead, as in most fisheries stock assessments, predation is subsumed within the natural mortality rate, and no empirical estimates of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atlantic herring; Ecosystem management; Fisheries management; Gulf of Maine; Marine mammals; Piscivores; Protected species; Single-species approach; Stock assessment; Trophic interactions.
Ano: 2003

The Impact of Resource Scarcity on Bonding and Bridging Social Capital: the Case of Fishers&amp;#8217; Information-Sharing Networks in Loreto, BCS, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramirez-Sanchez, Saudiel; Oceans Policy and Planning Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans; Saudiel.RamirezSanchez@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University; evelyn_pinkerton@sfu.ca.
Fishers often rely on their social capital to cope with resource fluctuations by sharing information on the abundance and location of fish. Drawing on research in seven coastal fishing communities in Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico, we examine the effect of resource scarcity on the bonding, bridging, and linking social-capital patterns of fishers&amp;#8217; information-sharing networks. We found that: (1) fishers&amp;#8217; information sharing is activated in response to varying ecological conditions; (2) resource scarcity is an ambiguous indicator of the extent to which fishers share information on the abundance and location of fish within and between communities; (3) information sharing is based on trust and occurs through kinship, friendship, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur; Bonding and bridging social capital; Fishers&amp;#8217; Information-sharing networks; Resilience; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2009

Understanding the Stability of Forest Reserve Boundaries in the West Mengo Region of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vogt, Nathan D; Indiana University Center for Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change; navogt@indiana.edu; Banana, Abwoli Y; Makerere University: Uganda Forest Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC); banana@forest.mak.ac.ug; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William; Makerere University: Uganda Forest Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC); ufric@starcom.co.ug; Bahati, Joseph; Makerere University: Uganda Forest Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC); bahati@forest.mak.ac.ug.
Despite heavy pressure and disturbance, state property regimes have stemmed deforestation within protected areas of the West Mengo region of Uganda for over 50 yr. In this manuscript, we reconstruct the process of creation and maintenance of forest reserve boundaries in the West Mengo region of Uganda to identify why these boundaries have largely remained stable over the long term under conditions in which they may be predicted to fail. The dramatic boundary stability in West Mengo we attribute to key aspects of institutional design and enforcement of boundaries.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Institutional arrangements; Forest governance; Remote sensing; Conservation; Uganda.
Ano: 2006

Automated Techniques for the Qualitative Analysis of Ecological Models: Continuous Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Coller, Lynn; UBC; lvcoller@nbs.co.za.
The mathematics required for a detailed analysis of the behavior of a model can be formidable. In this paper, I demonstrate how various computer packages can aid qualitative analyses by implementing techniques from dynamical systems theory. Because computer software is used to obtain the results, the techniques can be used by nonmathematicians as well as mathematicians. In-depth analyses of complicated models that were previously very difficult to study can now be done. Because the paper is intended as an introduction to applying the techniques to ecological models, I have included an appendix describing some of the ideas and terminology. A second appendix shows how the techniques can be applied to a fairly simple predator-prey model and establishes the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bifurcation; Computer analysis; Dynamical systems; Ecological models; Qualitative analysis; Ratio-dependent model; XPPAUT.
Ano: 1997

A Governing Framework for Climate Change Adaptation in the Built Environment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mazmanian, Daniel   A.; University of Southern California; mazmania@price.usc.edu; Jurewitz, John; Pomona College; john.jurewitz@gmail.com; Nelson, Hal T.; Claremont Graduate University; hal.nelson@cgu.edu.
Developing an approach to governing adaptation to climate change is severely hampered by the dictatorship of the present when the needs of future generations are inadequately represented in current policy making. We posit this problem as a function of the attributes of adaptation policy making, including deep uncertainty and nonstationarity, where past observations are not reliable predictors of future outcomes. Our research links organizational decision-making attributes with adaptation decision making and identifies cases in which adaptation actions cause spillovers, free riding, and distributional impacts. We develop a governing framework for adaptation that we believe will enable policy,  planning, and major long-term development decisions to be made...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; California; Climate change adaptation; Governance; Planning.
Ano: 2013

Spatial Misfit in Participatory River Basin Management: Effects on Social Learning, a Comparative Analysis of German and French Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Borowski, Ilke; University of Osnabrueck; borowski@usf.uos.de; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; University of Osnabrueck; pahl@usf.uos.de.
With the introduction of river basin management, as prescribed by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), participatory structures are frequently introduced at the hydrological scale without fully adapting them to the decision-making structure. This results in parallel structures and spatial misfits within the institutional settings of river basin governance systems. By analyzing French and German case studies, we show how social learning (SL) is impeded by such misfits. We also demonstrate that river basin-scale institutions or actors that link parallel structures are essential for promoting river basins as management entities, and for encouraging SL between actors at the river basin scale. In the multi-scale, multi-level settings of river basin...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Public participation; River basin management; Social learning; Spatial misfit; Spatial scales; Water management; WFD.
Ano: 2008

Controversies and consensus on the lionfish invasion in the Western Atlantic Ocean
Provedor de dados: 7
This study investigates how the lionfish (Pterois sp.) invasion of the Western Atlantic Ocean has been socially constructed by natural scientists, the media, and stakeholders associated with various marine protected areas in the Caribbean. By examining the use of data and metaphors by these actors, I identify where invasion discourses converge and diverge. Although consensus exists regarding the non-nativeness, introduction vector, and successful establishment of lionfish throughout the region, I also identify uncertainty surrounding lionfish impact and controversies regarding lionfish management and control. The dominant discourse frames lionfish as a threat and control efforts as a war to keep the enemy at bay, and promotes lionfish hunting and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Data; Discourse analysis; Invasive lionfish; Marine protected areas; Metaphors.
Ano: 2015

The capacity to adapt?: communities in a changing climate, environment, and economy on the northern Andaman coast of Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bennett, Nathan J.; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; nathan.bennett@ubc.ca; Dearden, Philip; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; pdearden@office.geog.uvic.ca; Murray, Grant; Institute for Coastal Research, Vancouver Island University; Grant.Murray@viu.ca; Kadfak, Alin; School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg; alin.kadfak@globalstudies.gu.se.
The health and productivity of marine ecosystems, habitats, and fisheries are deteriorating on the Andaman coast of Thailand. Because of their high dependence on natural resources and proximity to the ocean, coastal communities are particularly vulnerable to climate-induced changes in the marine environment. These communities must also adapt to the impacts of management interventions and conservation initiatives, including marine protected areas, which have livelihood implications. Further, communities on the Andaman coast are also experiencing a range of new economic opportunities associated in particular with tourism and agriculture.   These complex and ongoing changes require integrated assessment of, and deliberate planning to increase, the adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Alternative livelihoods; Climate change; Coastal communities; Fisheries management; Marine protected areas; Social resilience; Thailand.
Ano: 2014

Detecting critical choke points for achieving Good Environmental Status in European seas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Potts, Tavis; Department of Geography &amp; Environment, University of Aberdeen; Tavis.Potts@abdn.ac.uk; O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; tim.o'higgins@sams.ac.uk; Brennan, Ruth; Scottish Association for Marine Science; ruth.brennan@sams.ac.uk; Cinnirella, Sergio; CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; s.cinnirella@iia.cnr.it; Brandt, Urs Steiner; University of Southern Denmark; usb@sam.sdu.dk; Beusekom, Justus van; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; justus.van.beusekom@awi.de; Troost, Tineke A; Deltares ; tineke.troost@deltares.nl; Paltriguera, Lucille ; CEFAS ; lucille.paltriguera@cefas.co.uk; Hosgor, Ayse Gunduz ; Middle East Technical University; hosgor@metu.edu.tr.
Choke points are social, cultural, political, institutional, or psychological obstructions of social-ecological systems that constrain progress toward an environmental objective. Using a soft systems methodology, different types of chokes points were identified in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, the Baltic, and the North and Mediterranean seas. The choke points were of differing types: cultural and political choke points were identified in Barra and the Mediterranean, respectively, whereas the choke points in the North Sea and Baltic Sea were dependent on differing values toward the mitigation of eutrophication. We conclude with suggestions to identify and address choke points.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Marine policy; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Marine sustainability; Soft systems methodology; Systems science.
Ano: 2015

U.S. wildfire governance as social-ecological problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steelman, Toddi; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; toddi.steelman@usask.ca.
There are fundamental spatial and temporal disconnects between the specific policies that have been crafted to address our wildfire challenges. The biophysical changes in fuels, wildfire behavior, and climate have created a new set of conditions for which our wildfire governance system is poorly suited to address.  To address these challenges, a reorientation of goals is needed to focus on creating an anticipatory wildfire governance system focused on social and ecological resilience. Key characteristics of this system could include the following: (1) not taking historical patterns as givens; (2) identifying future social and ecological thresholds of concern; (3) embracing diversity/heterogeneity as principles in ecological and social responses; and (4)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Institutions; Policy; Scale; Social-ecological system; United States; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016

The Practice of Transboundary Decision Making on the Incomati River: Elucidating Underlying Factors and their Implications for Institutional Design
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Slinger, Jill H.; Delft University of Technology; j.h.slinger@tudelft.nl; Hilders, Marianne; DHV B.V. (Adviesgroep Water, Natuur en Ruimte); Marianne.Hilders@DHV.nl; Juizo, Dinis; Eduardo Mondlane  University; juizo@hotmail.com.
The Incomati River Basin is shared by Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. In August 2002, the groundbreaking &amp;#8220;Tripartite Interim Agreement on Water Sharing of the Maputo and Incomati Rivers&amp;#8221;  (the IncoMaputo agreement) was signed. Following reports that the use, availability, and adequacy of information posed problems for future decision making on this transboundary river, the Delft University of Technology initiated a 6-month study in 2003 in which 25 southern African researchers and officials were interviewed. The Joint Incomati Basin Study (Phase I from 1992&amp;#8211;1995, and Phase II from 2000&amp;#8211;2001) formed a central component in the investigation, because it was viewed by the parties involved as a successful...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Causal analysis; Decision making; Governance; Information use; Institutions; International water policy; Mozambique; Networks; River-basin management; South Africa; Southern Africa; Swaziland.
Ano: 2010

Collaborative Engagement of Local and Traditional Knowledge and Science in Marine Environments: A Review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thornton, Thomas F; University of Oxford; thomas.thornton@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Scheer, Adela  Maciejewski ; McGill University; admasch@gmail.com.
Local and traditional ecological knowledge (LTK) is increasingly recognized as an important component of scientific research, conservation, and resource management. Especially where there are gaps in the scientific literature, LTK can be a critical source of basic environmental data; this situation is particularly apparent in the case of marine ecosystems, about which comparatively less is known than terrestrial ones. We surveyed the global literature relating to the LTK of marine environments and analyzed what knowledge has been collected and with what aims and results. A large proportion of LTK which has been documented by researchers consists of species-specific information that is important for traditional resource use. However, knowledge relating to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Collaborative research; Collaborative resource management; Ecological monitoring; Environmental change; Historical ecology; Local and traditional knowledge (LTK); Marine conservation; Marine ecology; Marine ecosystems.
Ano: 2012

Some Reservations about the Gap Concept
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stilgoe, Jack; University College, London; j.stilgoe@ucl.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Small Sawmills Persevere While the Majors Close: Evaluating Resilience and Desirable Timber Allocation in British Columbia, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pinkerton, Evelyn W; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; epinkert@sfu.ca; Benner, Jordan; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; jpb7@sfu.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: British Columbia  Canada; Commodity sawmills; Resilience of social-ecological systems; Specialty sawmills; Timber supply; Value-added wood products.
Ano: 2013

Beyond the Interventionist-Preservationist Duality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hull, R. Bruce; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; hullrb@vt.edu; Robertson, David P; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; porter@vt.edu; Buhyoff, Gregory J; Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation; drichert@dcr.state.va.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Policy Research Using Agent-Based Modeling to Assess Future Impacts of Urban Expansion into Farmlands and Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Guzy, Michael R; Oregon State University, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering; michael.guzy@oregonstate.edu; Smith, Courtland L; Oregon State University, Department of Anthropology; csmith@oregonstate.edu; Bolte, John P; Oregon State University, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering; boltej@engr.orst.edu; Hulse, David W; University of Oregon, Department of Landscape Architecture; dhulse@uoregon.edu; Gregory, Stanley V; Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; stanley.gregory@oregonstate.edu.
The expansion of urban land uses into farmlands and forests requires an assessment of future ecological impacts. Spatially explicit agent-based models can represent the changes in resilience and ecological services that result from different land-use policies. When modeling complex adaptive systems, both the methods used to interpret results and the standards of rigor used to judge adequacy are complicated and require additional research. Recent studies suggest that it would be appropriate to use these models as an extension of exploratory analysis. This type of analysis generates ensembles of alternate plausible representations of future system conditions. User expertise steers interactive, stepwise system exploration toward inductive reasoning about...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Agricultural-urban interface; Fish habitat; Ecosystem health; Urban containment policies; Agent-based models.
Ano: 2008

The green areas of San Juan, Puerto Rico
Provedor de dados: 7
Green areas, also known as green infrastructure or urban vegetation, are vital to urbanites for their critical roles in mitigating urban heat island effects and climate change and for their provision of multiple ecosystem services and aesthetics. Here, I provide a high spatial resolution snapshot of the green cover distribution of the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico, by incorporating the use of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) as a tool to describe the spatial pattern and connectivity of the city&amp;#8217;s urban green areas. Analysis of a previously developed IKONOS 4-m spatial resolution classification of the city of San Juan from 2002 revealed a larger area of vegetation (green areas or green infrastructure) than previously estimated by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Green areas; Green infrastructure; Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA); Spatial pattern analysis; Urban forests; Urban green area characterization; Urban vegetation.
Ano: 2014

Adaptive Water Governance: Assessing the Institutional Prescriptions of Adaptive (Co-)Management from a Governance Perspective and Defining a Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Institute for Environmental Studies; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Mostert, Erik; Delft University of Technology - Centre for River Basin Administration; E.Mostert@TUDelft.NL; Egas, Wouter; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Institute for Environmental Studies; wouter.egas@ivm.vu.nl; Yalcin, Resul; University of Bonn - Center for Development Research; ryalcin@uni-bonn.de.
This article assesses the institutional prescriptions of adaptive (co-)management based on a literature review of the (water) governance literature. The adaptive (co-)management literature contains four institutional prescriptions: collaboration in a polycentric governance system, public participation, an experimental approach to resource management, and management at the bioregional scale. These prescriptions largely resonate with the theoretical and empirical insights embedded in the (water) governance literature. However, this literature also predicts various problems. In particular, attention is called to the complexities associated with participation and collaboration, the difficulty of experimenting in a real-world setting, and the politicized nature...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bioregional perspective; Experimentation; Polycentric governance; Public participation; Water management.
Ano: 2009

Salmon, Science, and Reciprocity on the Northwest Coast
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnsen, D. Bruce; George Mason University; djohnsen@gmu.edu.
Severe depletion of many genetically distinct Pacific salmon populations has spawned a contentious debate over causation and the efficacy of proposed solutions. No doubt the precipitating factor was overharvesting of the commons beginning along the Northwest Coast around 1860. Yet, for millenia before that, a relatively dense population of Indian tribes managed salmon stocks that have since been characterized as &amp;#8220;superabundant.&amp;#8221;  This study investigates how they avoided a tragedy of the commons, where in recent history, commercial ocean fishers guided by scientifically informed regulators, have repeatedly failed. Unlike commercial fishers, the tribes enjoyed exclusive rights to terminal fisheries enforced through rigorous reciprocity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Exclusive tribal rights; Information feedback; Potlatching; Reciprocity; Resilience; Salmon husbandry.
Ano: 2009

Principles for Fairness and Efficiency in Enhancing Environmental Services in Asia: Payments, Compensation, or Co-Investment?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre ; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Leimona, Beria; World Agroforestry Centre; Wageningen University and Research; LBeria@cgiar.org.
The term payments for environmental services (PES) has rapidly gained popularity, with its focus on market-based mechanisms for enhancing environmental services (ES). Current use of the term, however, covers a broad spectrum of interactions between ES suppliers and beneficiaries. A broader class of mechanisms pursues ES enhancement through compensation or rewards. Such mechanisms can be analyzed on the basis of how they meet four conditions: realistic, conditional, voluntary, and pro-poor. Based on our action research in Asia in the Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES) program since 2002, we examine three paradigms: commoditized ES (CES), compensation for opportunities skipped (COS), and co-investment in (environmental) stewardship...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Asia; Boundary organizations; Criteria and indicators; Livelihood; Payment for environmental services; RUPES.
Ano: 2010

Monitoring Social Learning Processes in Adaptive Comanagement: Three Case Studies from South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, South Africa; The Sustainability Science Unit, Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Stellenbosch, South Africa. ; georgina.cundill@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Collaboration; Learning; Monitoring.
Ano: 2010

Food-Carbon Trade-offs between Agriculture and Reforestation Land Uses under Alternate Market-based Policies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paterson, Stacey; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; University of Adelaide; stacey.paterson@student.adelaide.edu.au; Bryan, Brett Anthony; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; brett.bryan@csiro.au.
Understanding the effects of payments on the adoption of reforestation in agricultural areas and the associated food-carbon trade-offs is necessary to inform climate change policy. Economic viability of reforestation under payment per hectare and payment per tonne schemes for carbon sequestration was assessed in a region in southern Australia supporting 6.1 Mha of rain-fed agriculture. The results show that under the median scenario, a carbon price of 27 A$/tCO2-e could make one-third of the study area (nearly 2 Mha) more profitable for reforestation than agriculture, and at 58 A$/tCO2-e all of the study area could become more profitable. The results were sensitive to variation in carbon risk factor, establishment costs, and discount rates. Pareto-optimal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agroecosystem; Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem services; Food security; Land use; Payment; Policy; Reforestation.
Ano: 2012

From biophysical to social-ecological trade-offs: integrating biodiversity conservation and agricultural production in the Argentine Dry Chaco
Provedor de dados: 7
Agricultural intensification in rural areas of developing countries compromises the provision of ecosystem services. Social conflict arises among landholders with different preferences for ecosystem services and land-use practices in agricultural frontiers of the Argentine Dry Chaco. We explored policy and management options by assessing the actual and potential outcomes of alternative land-use systems and scenarios. We first constructed the efficiency frontier for avian habitat and agricultural productivity to analyze the combinations of ecosystem services that can be achieved under different land-use intensities. A nonlinear, concave efficiency frontier indicated opportunities to achieve large gains for production with small losses for conservation, for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Dry Chaco; Ecosystem services; Efficiency frontier; Indifference curve; Multifunctional systems; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

Conservation Ecology, 2001: A Journal for Both Authors and Readers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

Bonnicksen, T. M. 2000. America's Ancient Forests: From the Ice Age to the Age of Discovery. Wiley, New York.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Williams, John Warren; University of California Santa Barbara; williams@nceas.ucsb.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Two Cultures: Not Unique to Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Saner, Marc A; Carleton University, Department of Philosophy; saner@magma.ca.
Using examples from different disciplines, I show that the dualism between "analytical" and "integrative" approaches to scientific investigation is not unique to ecology. I argue that the resolution of (1) the apparent conflict between the two cultures of ecology and (2) the problem of finding a sound direction during the transition of ecology would benefit from a transdisciplinary approach. Candidate disciplines are any science within which complex systems are being investigated, as well as philosophy of science and environmental ethics.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Cybernetics; Dualism; Environmental ethics; Holism; Philosophy of science; Reductionism; Systems approach.
Ano: 1999

Ecologists as the New Management Elite?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colding, Johan; Stockholm University and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; johanc@beijer.kva.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

The Role of Adaptive Management as an Operational Approach for Resource Management Agencies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Barry L; USGS, Upper Midwest Enviromental Sciences Center; barry_johnson@usgs.gov.
In making resource management decisions, agencies use a variety of approaches that involve different levels of political concern, historical precedence, data analyses, and evaluation. Traditional decision-making approaches have often failed to achieve objectives for complex problems in large systems, such as the Everglades or the Colorado River. I contend that adaptive management is the best approach available to agencies for addressing this type of complex problem, although its success has been limited thus far. Traditional decision-making approaches have been fairly successful at addressing relatively straightforward problems in small, replicated systems, such as management of trout in small streams or pulp production in forests. However, this success...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision making; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem management; Flexibility; Replicated systems; Resource management agencies; Stakeholders.
Ano: 1999

Moving Toward Spatial Solutions in Marine Conservation with Indigenous Communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C; Project Seahorse; University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre; n.ban@fisheries.ubc.ca; Vincent, Amanda C.J.; Project Seahorse; University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre; a.vincent@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Community and resource user support has often been declared as essential to achieving globally agreed targets for marine protection. Given that indigenous people in Canada have resource use rights, we engaged two indigenous communities in British Columbia for their views on marine planning and protected areas. We developed a three-phased approach for executing our research: building research partnerships, carrying out individual interviews, and holding community discussion sessions. Participants expressed a common goal of recovering depleted species and ensuring the sustainability of indigenous fishing. We found strong support for spatial protection measures, and significant overlaps amongst participants in the areas suggested for protection. The most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal fisheries; British Columbia; Canada; Commercial fisheries; Community-based conservation; Indigenous communities; Marine conservation; Marine protected areas.
Ano: 2008

Path Tortuosity and the Permeability of Roads and Trails to Wolf Movement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whittington, Jesse; University of Alberta; jesse.whittington@lycos.com; St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca; Mercer, George; Jasper National Park; george.mercer@pc.gc.ca.
Few studies have examined the effects of human development on fine-scale movement behavior, yet understanding animal movement through increasingly human-dominated landscapes is essential for the persistence of many wild populations, especially wary species. In mountainous areas, roads and trails may be particularly deserving of study because they are concentrated in the valley bottoms where they can impede animal movement both across and between valleys. In this study, we tracked wolf (Canis lupus) movement in the snow for two winters in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada to examine how wolves navigate through or around human-use features. We quantified the effects of human development and topography on the tortuosity of wolf paths and then tested the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

A Portfolio Approach to Analyzing Complex Human-Environment Interactions: Institutions and Land Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Young, Oran R.; University of California at Santa Barbara, Bren School; young@bren.ucsb.edu; Lambin, Eric F.; University of Louvain; lambin@geog.ucl.ac.be; Alcock, Frank; New College of Florida; falcock@ncf.edu; Haberl, Helmut; Institute of Social Ecology; Helmut.Haberl@uni-klu.ac.at; Karlsson, Sylvia I.; Finland Futures Research Centre; sylvia.karlsson@tukkk.fi; McConnell, William J.; LUCC Focus 1 Office; wjmcconn@indiana.edu; Myint, Tun; CIPEC; tmyint@indiana.edu; Polsky, Colin; Clark University; cpolsky@clarku.edu; Ramakrishnan, P. S.; Jawaharlal Nehru University; psrama@jnuniv.ernet.in; Schroeder, Heike; University of California at Santa Barbara; schroeder@bren.ucsb.edu; Scouvart, Marie; University of Louvain; scouvart@geog.ucl.ac.be; Verburg, Peter H; Wageningen University; Peter.Verburg@wur.nl.
The challenge confronting those seeking to understand the institutional dimensions of global environmental change and patterns of land-use and land-cover change is to find effective methods for analyzing the dynamics of socio-ecological systems. Such systems exhibit a number of characteristics that pose problems for the most commonly used statistical techniques and may require additional and innovative analytic tools. This article explores options available to researchers working in this field and recommends a strategy for achieving scientific progress. Statistical procedures developed in other fields of study are often helpful in addressing challenges arising in research into global change. Accordingly, we start with an assessment of some of the enhanced...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Land change; Institutions; Methodology; Analysis; Socio-ecological systems; Statistical techniques.
Ano: 2006

Mechanisms Affecting Population Density in Fragmented Habitat
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tischendorf, Lutz; ELUTIS Modelling and Consulting Inc.; lutz.tischendorf@gmx.net; Grez, Audrey; Universidad de Chile; agrez@uchile.cl; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
We conducted a factorial simulation experiment to analyze the relative importance of movement pattern, boundary-crossing probability, and mortality in habitat and matrix on population density, and its dependency on habitat fragmentation, as well as inter-patch distance. We also examined how the initial response of a species to a fragmentation event may affect our observations of population density in post-fragmentation experiments. We found that the boundary-crossing probability from habitat to matrix, which partly determines the emigration rate, is the most important determinant for population density within habitat patches. The probability of crossing a boundary from matrix to habitat had a weaker, but positive, effect on population density. Movement...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boundary crossing; Emigration; Habitat fragmentation; Immigration; Modeling; Movement; Population density; Simulation; Time scale.
Ano: 2005

Monitoring and Enforcement Must Back Any Policy Incentive Pertaining to Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amatya, Pradyumna; Utah State University; pamatya@cc.usu.edu; McCoy, Nicole; ; nmccoy@cnr.usu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Scaling Natal Dispersal Distances: Confounding Factors
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mayer, Audrey L; University of Cincinnati; mayeral@email.uc.edu; Petren, Kenneth J; University of Cincinnati;; Shelton, Alicia; ;; Cramer, Michael J; ;; Keane, Brian; ;; Markert, Jeffrey; ;; Heath, Ben; ;; Maurer, Eric; ;; Roberts, J. Andrew; ;; Tonnis, Brandon; ;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Assessing the Importance of Woodland Landscape Locations for Both Local Communities and Conservation in Gorongosa and Muanza Districts, Sofala Province, Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Tropical Resource Ecology Program, University of Zimbabwe; tlynam@science.uz.ac.zw; Cunliffe, Robert T; ;; Mapaure, Isaac; ; imapaure@science.uz.ac.zw.
In collaboration with two communities living in, and on the edge of, Gorongosa National Park (GNP), Mozambique, we researched the importance of different landscape units to these communities and used the information to develop a management plan for GNP. We conceived the importance of a landscape to local people as a ratio of the benefits they derive from it and the costs of accessing or using those benefits. To test this expectation, we developed Bayesian belief models, for which the parameters were the relative preference weightings derived from community members (the relative preferences for benefits and relative expectations of costs). We then collected field data to confront the models for each of the two sites.  In a parallel process, we conducted a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian Belief Network; Mozambique; Conservation importance; Landscape importance; Participatory methods.
Ano: 2004

Development of a Compendium of Local, Wild-Harvested Species Used in the Informal Economy Trade, Cape Town, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Petersen, L. M.; University of Queensland, Australia; Sustainable Livelihoods Foundation, South Africa; Leif.petersen@livelihoods.org.za; Moll, E. J.; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa;; Collins, R.; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia;; Hockings, Marc T.; Department of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Australia; m.hockings@uq.edu.au.
Wild harvesting has taken place over millennia in Africa. However urbanization and cash economies have effectively altered harvesting from being cultural, traditional, and subsistence activities that are part of a rural norm, to being a subculture of commonly illicit activities located primarily within the urban, cash-based, informal economy. This paper focuses on Cape Town, South Africa where high levels of poverty and extensive population growth have led to a rapidly growing informal industry based on the cultural, subsistence, and entrepreneurial harvesting and consumption of products obtained from the local natural environment.  Through a process of literature reviews, database analysis, and key informant interviews, a compendium of harvested species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cape Town  South Africa; Cash-based economy; Compendium; Conservation; Illicit harvesting; Informal economy; Urbanization; Wild harvesting; Wild harvest trade.
Ano: 2012

Missing Links in Global Water Governance: a Processes-Oriented Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Unversity of Osnabrueck, Germany; cpahlwos@uni-osnabrueck.de; Conca, Ken; American University School of International Service,  Washington, D.C. USA; conca@american.edu; Kramer, Annika; Adelphi Research,  Berlin, Germany; kramer@adelphi.de; Maestu, Josefina; UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication Casa Solans, Zaragoza, Spain  ; maestu@un.org; Schmidt, Falk; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany; falk.schmidt@iass-potsdam.de.
Over the past decade, the policy and scholarly communities have increasingly recognized the need for governance of water-related issues at the global level. There has been major progress in the achievement of international goals related to the provision of basic water and some progress on sanitation services. However, the water challenge is much broader than securing supply. Doubts have been raised about the effectiveness of some of the existing governance processes, in the face of trends such as the unsustainable use of water resources, the  increasing pressure imposed by climate change, or the implications of population growth for water use in food and energy production. Conflicts between different water uses and users are increasing, and the state of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change and water; Global water governance; Network governance.
Ano: 2013

Recent Fire History of Maritime Chaparral Dominated by Arctostaphylos morroensis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Odion, Dennis; Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; dennisodion@charter.net; Tyler, Claudia; Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; tyler@lifesci.ucsb.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Choice of Index Determines the Relationship between Corruption and Environmental Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ewers, Robert M; Institute of Zoology; robert.ewers@ioz.ac.uk; Smith, Robert J; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; r.j.smith@kent.ac.uk.
The Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) was recently used to investigate links between sustainability and corruption. Here, we show that the ESI contradicts another widely used index of environmental sustainability, the Ecological Footprint (EF), with the result that the most sustainable nations under the ESI are the least sustainable under the EF. Consequently, opposite conclusions can be drawn from investigations into the causes of environmental sustainability, depending on which index is used.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Corruption perception index; Ecological footprint; Environmental sustainability index; ESI; GDP; Gross domestic product.
Ano: 2007

What Are Participatory Scoping Models?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandker, Marieke; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Sandker@cgiar.org; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.campbell@cgiar.org; Suwarno, Aritta; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); aritta_suwarno@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2008

The Growing Importance of Social Learning in Water Resources Management and Sustainability Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mostert, Erik; Delft University of Technology; E.Mostert@citg.tudelft.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; European Water Framework Directive; Social learning; Stakeholder participation; Water resources management.
Ano: 2008

Agent-based Analysis of Agricultural Policies: an Illustration of the Agricultural Policy Simulator AgriPoliS, its Adaptation and Behavior
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Happe, Kathrin; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe; happe@iamo.de; Kellermann, Konrad; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe; kellermann@iamo.de; Balmann, Alfons; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe; balmann@iamo.de.
This paper combines agent-based modeling of structural change with agricultural policy analysis. Using the agent-based model AgriPoliS, we investigate the impact of a regime switch in agricultural policy on structural change under various framework conditions. Instead of first doing a sensitivity analysis to analyze the properties of our model and then examining the introduced policy in an isolated manner, we use a meta-modeling approach in combination with the statistical technique of Design of Experiments to systematically analyze the relationship between policy change and model assumptions regarding key determinants of structural change such as interest rates, managerial abilities, and technical change. As a result, we observe that the effects of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Agricultural policy analysis; Empirical-based simulation; Experimental design; Farm structures; Meta-modeling.
Ano: 2006

Institutional Misfits: Law and Habits in Finnish Wolf Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hiedanp&amp;auml;&amp;auml;, Juha; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; juha.hiedanpaa@rktl.fi.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Grey wolf (Canis lupus); Habits; Institutional fit; Institutions; Policy; Pragmatism.
Ano: 2013

The &amp;#8220;social&amp;#8221; aspect of social-ecological systems: a critique of analytical frameworks and findings from a multisite study of coastal sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stojanovic, Tim; University of St Andrews; tas21@st-andrews.ac.uk; McNae, Hilda M.; University of St Andrews; hilda.mcnae@st-andrews.ac.uk; Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; paul.tett@sams.ac.uk; Potts, Tavis W.; University of Aberdeen, School of Geosciences; Tavis.Potts@abdn.ac.uk; Reis, J; Cardiff University; reisj@cardiff.ac.uk; Smith, Hance D.; Cardiff University; SmithHD@cardiff.ac.uk; Dillingham, Iain; University of St Andrews; iain@dillingham.me.uk.
We evaluate whether society can adequately be conceptualized as a component of social-ecological systems, given social theory and the current outputs of systems-based research.  A mounting critique from the social sciences posits that resilience theory has undertheorized social entities with the concept of social-ecological systems.  We trace the way that use of the term has evolved, relating to social science theory.  Scientometic and network analysis provide a wide range of empirical data about the origin, growth, and use of this term in academic literature.  A content analysis of papers in Ecology and Society demonstrates a marked emphasis in research on institutions, economic incentives, land use, population, social networks, and social learning....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal; Scientometric analysis; Social-ecological; Social-ecological systems; Social science; Socio-ecological.
Ano: 2016

Genetically Modified Crops and the Agroecosystem: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pimentel, David; Cornell University; dp18@cornell.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.); GM crops; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Economics; Ecosystems; Genetic engineering; Herbicides.
Ano: 2000

A Generic, Computer-assisted Method for Rapid Vegetation Classification and Survey: Tropical and Temperate Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gillison, Andrew N; Center for Biodiversity Management; andy.gillison@austarnet.com.au.
Standard methods of vegetation classification and survey tend to be either too broad for management purposes or too reliant on local species to support inter-regional comparisons. A new approach to this problem uses species-independent plant functional types with a wide spectrum of environmental sensitivity. By means of a rule set, plant functional types can be constructed according to specific combinations from within a generic set of 35 adaptive, morphological plant functional attributes. Each combination assumes that a vascular plant individual can be described as a "coherent" functional unit. When used together with vegetation structure, plant functional types facilitate rapid vegetation assessment that complements species-based data and makes possible...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: VegClass software; Gradsects; Plant functional attributes; Plant functional types; Rapid biodiversity assessment; Vegetation classification; Vegetation survey.
Ano: 2002

Social Learning and Natural Resource Management: The Emergence of Three Research Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rodela, Romina; Wageningen University and Research Centre; romina.rodela@wur.nl.
A review is presented of research contributions that use social learning in research on natural resource management. The review is based on an extensive survey of peer-reviewed journal articles appraised against the following selected analytical items: (1) characterizing features, (2) level of analysis, and (3) operational measures. Together, these allowed for an assessment of underlying assumptions and emerging themes. The findings suggest that, within natural resource management literature, three research approaches to social learning have been developed, each with its own assumptions about the learning process, learning outcomes, and operational practices. Hence, we find that a group of publications showed an interest for participants' learning...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bibliography; Natural resource management; Social learning; Sustainability; Systematic review.
Ano: 2011

River Rehabilitation for Conservation of Fish Biodiversity in Monsoonal Asia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dudgeon, David; University of Hong Kong; ddudgeon@hkucc.hku.hk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Restoration; Rehabilitation; Dams; Pollution; Fisheries; Yangtze; Mekong; Ganges; Salween; River management.
Ano: 2005

Perrow, M. R., and A. J. Davy, editors. 2002. Handbook of Ecological Restoration. Volume 1: Principles of Restoration; Volume 2: Restoration in Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Anastasia; University of Wisconsin-Madison; aeallen2@wisc.edu; Kercher, Suzanne; University of Wisconsin-Madison; skercher@wisc.edu; Larkin, Daniel; University of Wisconsin-Madison; djlarkin@wisc.edu; Morzaria-Luna, Hem-Nalini; University of Wisconsin-Madison; morzarialuna@wisc.edu; Peach, Michelle; University of Wisconsin-Madison; mapeach@wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Contribution of Inbreeding to Extinction Risk in Threatened Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brook, Barry W; Northern Territory University; barry.brook@ntu.edu.au; Tonkyn, David W; Clemson University; tdavid@clemson.edu; O'Grady, Julian J; Macquarie University; jogrady@rna.bio.mq.edu.au; Frankham, Richard; Macquarie University; rfrankha@rna.bio.mq.edu.au.
Wild populations face threats both from deterministic factors, e.g., habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and introduced species, and from stochastic events of a demographic, genetic, and environmental nature, including catastrophes. Inbreeding reduces reproductive fitness in naturally outbreeding species, but its role in extinctions of wild populations is controversial. To evaluate critically the role of inbreeding in extinction, we conducted realistic population viability analyses of 20 threatened species, with and without inbreeding depression, using initial population sizes of 50, 250, and 1000. Inbreeding markedly decreased median times to extinction by 28.5, 30.5, and 25% for initial populations of 50, 250, and 1000, respectively, and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Inbreeding depression; Life histories; Median time to extinction; Population viability analysis; Purging.
Ano: 2002

Insight on Invasions and Resilience Derived from Spatiotemporal Discontinuities of Biomass at Local and Regional Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; david.angeler@slu.se; Allen, Craig R; U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; allencr@unl.edu; Johnson, Richard K; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; richard.johnson@slu.se.
Understanding the social and ecological consequences of species invasions is complicated by nonlinearities in processes, and differences in process and structure as scale is changed. Here we use discontinuity analyses to investigate nonlinear patterns in the distribution of biomass of an invasive nuisance species that could indicate scale-specific organization. We analyze biomass patterns in the flagellate Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyta) in 75 boreal lakes during an 11-year period (1997-2007). With simulations using a unimodal null model and cluster analysis, we identified regional groupings of lakes based on their biomass patterns. We evaluated the variability of membership of individual lakes in regional biomass groups. Temporal trends in local and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Algal blooms; Alternative states; Biological invasions; Boreal lakes; Complex adaptive systems; Discontinuities; Landscape ecology; Panarchy; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

UN&amp;#8211;Water and its Role in Global Water Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baumgartner, Thomas; University of Freiburg; thomb@bluewin.ch; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de.
UN&amp;#8211;Water was established in 2003 to coordinate United Nations activities on water. There have been no scientific assessments about this coordination mechanism and, hence, we focus on the role of UN&amp;#8211;Water in global water governance. We use an analytical framework to conceptualize relevant natural and social phenomena, actors, and institutions in the field of global water governance. This framework ultimately allows an assessment of UN&amp;#8211;Water&amp;#8217;s role in this field. Our work draws upon official UN&amp;#8211;Water documents, a formal external review of UN&amp;#8211;Water, and semistructured expert interviews to assess UN&amp;#8211;Water&amp;#8217;s influence on global water discourses, particularly on the discourses of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Global water governance (GWG); Integrated water resources management (IWRM); UN&amp;#8211; Water; Water and climate change.
Ano: 2013

Patch Size and Population Density: the Effect of Immigration Behavior
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowman, Jeff; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; jeff.bowman@mnr.gov.on.ca; Cappuccino, Naomi; Carleton University; ncappucc@ccs.carleton.ca; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
Many habitat fragmentation experiments make the prediction that animal population density will be positively related to fragment, or patch, size. The mechanism that is supposed to result in this prediction is unclear, but several recent reviews have demonstrated that population density often is negatively related to patch size. Immigration behavior is likely to have an important effect on population density for species that do not show strong edge effects, for species that have low emigration rates, and during short-term habitat fragmentation experiments. We consider the effect that different kinds of immigration behaviors will have on population density and we demonstrate that only a minority of possible scenarios produce positive density vs. patch size...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Edge; Emigration; Experiment; Fragmentation; Immigration; Individuals-area relationships; Insular; Island biogeography; Landscape.
Ano: 2002

Marine spatial planning and Good Environmental Status: a perspective on spatial and temporal dimensions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilbert, Alison J.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; alison.gilbert@vu.nl; Alexander, Karen; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute; Karen.Alexander@sams.ac.uk; Brazinskaite, Raminta; UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ; raminta.brazinskaite@defra.gsi.gov.uk; Fischer, Christian; Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Christian.Fischer@hzg.de; Gee, Kira; Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool; k.gee@gmx.de; Jessopp, Mark; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, University College Cork; m.jessopp@ucc.ie; Kershaw, Peter; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; peter.kershaw@cefas.co.uk; Los, Hans J.; Deltares; Hans.Los@deltares.nl; March Morla, David; Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA CSIC / UIB)  ; david@imedea.uib-csic.es; O'Mahony, Cathal; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, University College Cork; c.omahony@ucc.ie; Varjopuro, Riku; Finnish Environment Institute ; riku.varjopuro@ymparisto.fi.
The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the Good Environmental Status of marine environments in Europe's regional seas; yet, maritime activities, including sources of marine degradation, are diversifying and intensifying in an increasingly globalized world. Marine spatial planning is emerging as a tool for rationalizing competing uses of the marine environment while guarding its quality. A directive guiding the development of such plans by European Union member states is currently being formulated. There is an undeniable need for marine spatial planning. However, we argue that considerable care must be taken with marine spatial planning, as the spatial and temporal scales of maritime activities and of Good Environmental Status may...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: DPSWR; Good Environmental Status; Marine spatial planning; Maritime spatial planning; Spatial scale temporal scale.
Ano: 2015

Rediscovering Rites of Passage: Education, Transformation, and the Transition to Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lertzman, David Adam; University of Calgary; lertzman@ucalgary.ca.
This paper focuses on rites of passage as a model for wilderness programs. It draws on my experience in the field, particularly with Native youth in a community-based program called "Rediscovery." The Rediscovery program is discussed, along with concepts of traditional indigenous knowledge and education. Foundational concepts of rites of passage are described in terms of their relevance to youth, outdoor education, and the Rediscovery program in particular. Using Rediscovery as a model, rites of passage are put forward as an educational process for youth from various cultural backgrounds. In this context, the purpose of education is to cultivate self-knowledge and to foster core personal development: the making of whole human beings. The paper closes with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Canada; First Nations; Rediscovery; Indigenous peoples; Outdoor education; Rites of passage; Sustainability; Traditional knowledge; Youth.
Ano: 2002

Surmountable Chasms: Networks and Social Innovation for Resilient Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Michele-Lee; J. W. McConnell Graduate Fellow, Social Innovation Generation, University of Waterloo; mlmoore@balsillieschool.ca; Westley, Frances ; McConnell Chair, Social Innovation Generation, University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca.
Complex challenges demand complex solutions. By their very nature, these problems are difficult to define and are often the result of rigid social structures that effectively act as &amp;#8220;traps&amp;#8221;. However, resilience theory and the adaptive cycle can serve as a useful framework for understanding how humans may move beyond these traps and towards the social innovation that is required to address many complex problems. This paper explores the critical question of whether networks help facilitate innovations to bridge the seemingly insurmountable chasms of complex problems to create change across scales, thereby increasing resilience. The argument is made that research has not yet adequately articulated the strategic agency that must be present...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agency; Complexity; Cross scale; Network theory; Resilience; Scale; Skill sets; Social entrepreneurship; Social innovation; Social networks.
Ano: 2011

Functionally Dominant Herbivores as Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Higdon, Jeff W; University of New Brunswick; f7brd@unb.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Ten Principles for Biocultural Conservation at the Southern Tip of the Americas: the Approach of the Omora Ethnobotanical Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rozzi, Ricardo; Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Chile; Universidad de Magallanes, Chile; Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies, University of North Texas, USA; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Univeristy of Chile, Chile; rozzi@unt.edu; Massardo, Francisca; Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Chile; Universidad de Magallanes, Chile; francisca.massardo@umag.cl; Anderson, Christopher B; Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Univeristy of Chile, Chile; Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, USA; cba@uga.edu; Heidinger, Kurt; Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Chile; fundacion@omora.org; Silander, Jr., John A.; Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Chile; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, USA; john.silander_jr@uconn.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biocultural conservation; Biosphere reserve; Cape Horn; Chile; Environmental education; Environmental ethics; Flagship species; Interdisciplinary; Interinstitutional; Sustainability; Traditional ecological knowledge; Yahgan.
Ano: 2006

The Evolution of an Ecosystem Approach: the Diamond Schematic and an Adaptive Methodology for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waltner-Toews, David; University of Guelph; dwaltner@uoguelph.ca; Kay, James; ;.
Over the past 15 yr, an international network of researchers has developed and tested a methodology for integrating complex systems theories into sustainable development projects. Drawing on our best theoretical understanding of complex systems and combining it with best practices of community engagement drawn from a wide variety of sources, we have developed a methodology that is theoretically sound and practically effective. AMESH, an Adaptive Methodology for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health, has emerged from, and been tested in, Nepal, Kenya, Canada, and Peru.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem approach; Research methodologies; Adaptive ecosystem management; Systems theory; Sustainable development; Development projects; Eco-social systems; Diamond schematic; Heuristics; Narratives; Cross-talk.
Ano: 2005

Lumpy Information May Lead to Better Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman, Philip L.; National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce ; philip.hoffman@noaa.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Aggregating data; Lumpy information; Scientific processes.
Ano: 2009

Perceiving and Responding to Gradual Landscape Change at the Community Level: Insights from a Case Study on Agricultural Abandonment in the Black Forest, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bieling, Claudia; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; claudia.bieling@landespflege.uni-freiburg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Agricultural abandonment; Communities; Forest transition; Landscape perception; Marginal areas; Response strategies.
Ano: 2013

Illusions of Resilience? An Analysis of Community Responses to Change in Northern Norway.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amundsen, Helene; CICERO Centre for Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo; helene.amundsen@cicero.uio.no.
This article contributes to our understanding of community resilience. Community resilience is the ability of a community to cope and adjust to stresses caused by social, political, and environmental change and to engage community resources to overcome adversity and take advantage of opportunities in response to change. Through an analysis of local responses to multiple challenges, six dimensions of community resilience were found in one village in northern Norway. These dimensions; community resources, community networks, institutions and services, people&amp;#8211;place connections, active agents, and learning; are activated in processes and activities in the village to respond to current challenges. Although this corroborates findings from other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Community resilience; Adaptation; Local development; Northern Norway.
Ano: 2012

Weak feedbacks, governance mismatches, and the robustness of social-ecological systems: an analysis of the Southwest Nova Scotia lobster fishery with comparison to Maine
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnett, Allain J. ; Arizona State University; ajbarnet@asu.edu; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu.
The insights in Governing the Commons have provided foundational ideas for commons research in the past 23 years. However, the cases that Elinor Ostrom analyzed have been exposed to new social, economic, and ecological disturbances. What has happened to these cases since the 1980s?  We reevaluated one of Ostrom&amp;#8217;s case studies, the lobster and groundfishery of Port Lameron, Southwest Nova Scotia (SWNS). Ostrom suggested that the self-governance of this fishery was fragile because the government did not recognize the rights of resource users to organize their own rules. In the Maine lobster fishery, however, the government formalized customary rules and decentralized power to fishing ports. We applied the concepts of feedback, governance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atlantic Canada; Collective choice; Institutional analysis; Lobster; Maine; Polycentricity; Robustness.
Ano: 2014

Epistemological Pluralism: Reorganizing Interdisciplinary Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Thaddeus R; Arizona State University; Thad.Miller@asu.edu; Baird, Timothy D; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;; Littlefield, Caitlin M; University of Wisconsin-Madison;; Kofinas, Gary; University of Alaska Fairbanks; ffgpk@uaf.edu; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu; Redman, Charles L; Arizona State University; Charles.Redman@asu.edu.
Despite progress in interdisciplinary research, difficulties remain. In this paper, we argue that scholars, educators, and practitioners need to critically rethink the ways in which interdisciplinary research and training are conducted. We present epistemological pluralism as an approach for conducting innovative, collaborative research and study. Epistemological pluralism recognizes that, in any given research context, there may be several valuable ways of knowing, and that accommodating this plurality can lead to more successful integrated study. This approach is particularly useful in the study and management of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Through resilience theory's adaptive cycle, we demonstrate how a focus on epistemological pluralism can...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Epistemology; Interdisciplinary.
Ano: 2008

Can multicriteria assessment tools help build trust into organic products?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Freyer, Bernhard; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); bernhard.freyer@boku.ac.at; Bingen, Jim; Michigan State University, USA; bingen@msu.edu; Paxton, Rebecca; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Rebecca.Paxton@boku.ac.at.
In a continuously expanding, globalizing, and industrializing organic market, organic consumers confront increasing complexity in organic product representation, labeling, and information that challenges how they build trust in organic products. We present a conceptual framework to analyze how consumers might build and practice trust in the organic agrifood chain. We asked specifically about the role of multicriteria assessment tools (MCATs) for trust building. We identified three consumer trust types: uninformed trust in labels (type 1); informed trust in extensive information, control, and certification (type 2); and informed and engaged trust in forms of close farmer&amp;#8211;consumer relationships (type 3). Three concepts of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Governance; Multicriteria assessment tools; Organic farming; Reflexivity; Reflectivity; Systems thinking; Trust.
Ano: 2014

Networking for conservation: social capital and perceptions of organizational success among land trust boards
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ruseva, Tatyana B.; Appalachian State University; rusevatb@appstate.edu; Farmer, James R.; Indiana University; jafarmer@indiana.edu; Chancellor, Charles; Clemson University; hchance@clemson.edu.
As an important component in collaborative natural resource management and nonprofit governance, social capital is expected to be related to variations in the performance of land trusts. Land trusts are charitable organizations that work to conserve private land locally, regionally, or nationally.  The purpose of this paper is to identify the level of structural and cognitive social capital among local land trusts, and how these two types of social capital relate to the perceived success of land trusts. The analysis integrates data for land trusts operating in the U.S. south-central Appalachian region, which includes western North Carolina, southwest Virginia, and east Tennessee. We use factor analysis to elicit different dimensions of cognitive social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Land conservation; Land trusts; Networks; Organizational success; Social capital.
Ano: 2016

Novel ecosystems in the Anthropocene: a revision of the novel ecosystem concept for pragmatic applications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Nathaniel B.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire; nat.morse@unh.edu; Pellissier, Paul A.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire; pellissier.paul@gmail.com; Cianciola, Elisabeth N.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; epf28@wildcats.unh.edu; Brereton, Richard L.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; rich.brereton@gmail.com; Sullivan, Marleigh M.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; sullivanm12@gmail.com; Shonka, Nicholas K.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; nkw9@wildcats.unh.edu; Wheeler, Tessa B.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; tbq2@wildcats.unh.edu; McDowell, William H.; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire; Bill.McDowell@unh.edu.
Ecologists have developed terminology to distinguish ecosystems based on the degree of human alteration. To this end, ecosystems can be characterized as &amp;#8220;novel ecosystems,&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;impacted ecosystems,&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;designed ecosystems,&amp;#8221; depending on the role of human management in ecosystem development and effects on ecosystem properties. Properly classifying an ecosystem as novel, impacted, or designed has critical implications for its conservation and management, but a broadly applicable definition for a &amp;#8220;novel ecosystem&amp;#8221; does not exist. We have provided a formal definition of &amp;#8220;novel ecosystem&amp;#8221; that facilitates its use in practical applications and have described four...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Novel ecosystem; Resilience; Restoration; Threshold.
Ano: 2014

The Power of Politics in Agent-based Models of Ecosystem Management: Comment on "Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of Ecosystem Management" by S. R. Carpenter, W. A. Brock, and P. Hanson
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pritchard, Lowell, Jr.; Emory University; lpritc2@emory.edu; Sanderson, Steven; Wildlife Conservation Society; ssanderson@wcs.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Beyond Carbon: Enabling Justice and Equity in REDD+ Across Levels of Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schroeder, Heike; School of International Development, University of East Anglia; h.schroeder@uea.ac.uk; McDermott, Constance; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography, University of Oxford; constance.mcdermott@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Equity; Justice; Multi-level governance; REDD+.
Ano: 2014

Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Casazza, Michael L; U.S. Geological Survey; mike_casazza@usgs.gov; Overton, Cory T; U.S. Geological Survey; coverton@usgs.gov; Bui, Thuy-Vy D; U.S. Geological Survey; tbui@usgs.gov; Hull, Joshua M; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of California, Davis; josh_hull@fws.gov; Albertson, Joy D; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Joy_Albertson@fws.gov; Bloom, Valary K; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Recovery Branch; valary_bloom@fws.gov; Bobzien, Steven; East Bay Regional Park District; sbobzien@ebparks.org; McBroom, Jennifer; Invasive Spartina Project; jtmcbroom@spartina.org; Latta, Marilyn; California State Coastal Conservancy; marilyn.latta@scc.ca.gov; Olofson, Peggy; San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project; prolofson@spartina.org; Rohmer, Tobias M; Invasive Spartina Project; Olofson Environmental Inc.; toby@spartina.org; Schwarzbach, Steven; U.S. Geological Survey; steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov; Strong, Donald R; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis; drstrong@ucdavis.edu; Grijalva, Erik; University of California, Davis; ekgrijalva@ucdavis.edu; Wood, Julian K; Point Blue Conservation Science; jwood@pointblue.org; Skalos, Shannon M; U.S. Geological Survey; sskalos@usgs.gov; Takekawa, John; National Audubon Society; jtakekawa@audubon.org.
Management actions to protect endangered species and conserve ecosystem function may not always be in precise alignment.  Efforts to recover the California Ridgway&amp;#8217;s Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter, California rail), a federally and state-listed species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation.  On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora).  California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Endangered; Restoration; California Ridgway&amp;#8217; S Rail; Spartina.
Ano: 2016

Dynamic land cover information: bridging the gap between remote sensing and natural resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thackway, Richard; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland; r.thackway@uq.edu.au; Lymburner, Leo; National Earth Observation Group, Geoscience Australia; Leo.Lymburner@ga.gov.au; Guerschman, Juan Pablo ; Environmental Earth Observation Group, CSIRO Land and Water; Juan.Guerschman@csiro.au.
Environmental decision-makers are increasingly demanding detailed spatial coverages with high temporal frequency to assess trends and changes in the extent and condition of wetlands, species habitats, farmlands, forests, rangelands, soil, water, and vegetation. Dynamic land cover information can substantially meet these requirements. Access to satellite-based time series information provides an unprecedented opportunity to better focus natural resource management (NRM) in Australia. Opportunities include assessing the extent and condition of key assets, prioritizing investment in key localities and time periods, improving targeting of scarce public funding, and monitoring and evaluating the outcome of this investment to assist land managers in improving...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Dynamic land cover; Fractional ground cover; Imagery archives; Land management practices; Natural resource management outcomes; On-ground actions  remote sensing.
Ano: 2013

Empirical Accounting of Adaptation to Environmental Change: Organizational Competencies and Biodiversity in  Finnish Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Primmer, Eeva; Finnish Environment Institute; eeva.primmer@ymparisto.fi; Wolf, Steven A; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; saw44@cornell.edu.
Integration of biodiversity conservation into economic utilization of natural resources has become a central response to the challenges of sustainable development. However, the resources and competencies required to implement such an integrated strategy at the level of the individual, the organization, and the sector are not known. To address this knowledge gap, we have developed an approach to analyze responses of organizations to environmental change and evolving social demands for biodiversity conservation. We analyze the scale, scope, and distribution of the resources and competencies that support the delineation of ecologically significant habitats in intensively managed nonindustrial private forests in Finland, an important international actor in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Competency; Organization; Innovation; Nonindustrial private forestry; Biodiversity conservation; Habitat delineation; Resource-based view; Institutions; Finland.
Ano: 2009

A Classification Framework for Running Adaptive Management Rapids
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harm Benson, Melinda; University of New Mexico; mhbenson@unm.edu; Morrison, Ryan R.; University of New Mexico; rmorriso@unm.edu; Stone, Mark C.; University of New Mexico; stone@unm.edu.
While adaptive management (AM) is becoming a preferred natural resource management approach, the conditions necessary to engage in AM are not always present. In order for AM to work, there must be an ability to engage in experimentation and then incorporate what is learned. Just as few rivers are unequivocally either &amp;#8220;runnable&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;unrunnable&amp;#8221; by a whitewater boater, successful AM depends on a number of factors, including legal frameworks and requirements, resource allocation regimes, and existing infrastructure. We provide a classification framework for assessing the physical and institutional capacity necessary for AM using the international classification for whitewater. We then apply this classification framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conceptual model; Rio Chama; River restoration.
Ano: 2013

Linking Future Ecosystem Services and Future Human Well-being
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Butler, Colin D; Australian National University; colin.butler@anu.edu.au; Oluoch-Kosura, Willis; University of Nairobi; Willis.Kosura@aercafrica.org.
Ecosystem services are necessary, yet not sufficient for human well-being (however defined). Insufficient access to the ecosystem provisioning service of food is a particularly important factor in the loss of human well-being, but all ecosystem services contribute in some way to well-being. Although perhaps long obvious to ecologists, the links between ecosystems and aspects of human well-being, including health, have been less well understood among the social science community. This situation may now be starting to change, thanks in part to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA). Causality between ecosystem services and well-being is bidirectional; it is increasingly clear that functioning societies can protect or enhance ecosystem services, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognitive potential; Conflict; Ecosystems; Health; Human well-being; Hunger; Nutrition; Scenarios; Surprise.
Ano: 2006

Expanding the Role of Systems Modeling: Considering Byproduct Generation from Biofuel Production
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rosentrater, Kurt A; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov.
The bioethanol industry has been experiencing rapid growth over the past several years, and is expected to continue to increase production for the foreseeable future. A vital component to the success of this industry is the sales and marketing of processing residues, which are primarily sold as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Systems modeling, a technique that has been used to predict future demand for bioethanol, can also be used to determine potential byproduct generation rates. This paper discusses the development of one such model, and presents predicted generation of DDGS as well as carbon dioxide emissions from this industry through 2100. These simulation results underscore the growing need to actively pursue research focused on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Bioethanol; Biofuels; Byproducts; Carbon dioxide emissions; Distillers grains; Dynamic systems modeling; Policy analysis; Residue generation.
Ano: 2006

Adaptive Harvesting in a Multiple-Species Coral-Reef Food Web
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kramer, Daniel B; Michigan State University; dbk@msu.edu.
The utility of traditional bio-economic harvest models suffers from their dependence on two commonly used approaches. First, optimization is often assumed for harvester behavior despite system complexity and the often neglected costs associated with information gathering and deliberation. Second, ecosystem interactions are infrequently modeled despite a growing awareness that these interactions are important. This paper develops a simulation model to examine the consequences of harvesting at two trophic levels in a coral-reef food web. The model assumes adaptive rather than optimizing behavior among fishermen.  The consequences of changing economic, biological, and social parameters are examined using resilience as an evaluative framework. Three general...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Resource economics; Coral reefs; Resilience; Adaptive behavior; Food web; Simulation.
Ano: 2008

Resilience: Accounting for the Noncomputable
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; Beijer Institute; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Westley, Frances; University of Waterloo; fwestley@watarts.uwaterloo.ca.
Plans to solve complex environmental problems should always consider the role of surprise. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to emphasize known computable aspects of a problem while neglecting aspects that are unknown and failing to ask questions about them. The tendency to ignore the noncomputable can be countered by considering a wide range of perspectives, encouraging transparency with regard to conflicting viewpoints, stimulating a diversity of models, and managing for the emergence of new syntheses that reorganize fragmentary knowledge.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Adaptation; Transformation; Surprise.
Ano: 2009

Adapting Human Well-being Frameworks for Ecosystem Service Assessments across Diverse Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Villamagna, Amy; Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech; amv@vt.edu; Giesecke, Craig; Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Maryland;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Albemarle-Pamlico basin; Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Quality of life.
Ano: 2014

Making social sense of aquaculture transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bush, Simon R.; Wageningen University; simon.bush@wur.nl; Marschke, Melissa J.; University of Ottawa; mmarschk@uottawa.ca.
Resilience deals explicitly with change and provides a middle ground between the social and the environmental sciences. However, a growing critique by social scientists questions the ability of resilience thinking to adequately examine the social dimensions of change. The question that emerges is how social scientists should engage with resilience. We addressed this question by comparing resilience with agrarian change and transitions theory, through the backdrop of the fastest growing global food sector, aquaculture. Our analysis showed that each theoretical perspective provides fundamentally different insights into social and environmental transition inherent in the aquaculture sector. Although resilience thinking is best suited to assessing the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agrarian change; Aquaculture; Asia; Resilience; Social change; Transition theory.
Ano: 2014

Plausible futures of a social-ecological system: Yahara watershed, Wisconsin, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Booth, Eric G.; Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; egbooth@wisc.edu; Gillon, Sean; Department of Food Systems and Society, Marylhurst University; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; sgillon@marylhurst.edu; Kucharik, Christopher J.; Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison; kucharik@wisc.edu; Loheide, Steven; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Loheide@wisc.edu; Mase, Amber S.; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Mase@wisc.edu; Motew, Melissa; Nelson Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Motew@wisc.edu; Qiu, Jiangxiao; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; jqiu7@wisc.edu; Rissman, Adena R; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; ARRissman@wisc.edu; Seifert, Jenny; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; JSeifert2@wisc.edu; Soylu, Evren; Department of Civil Engineering, Meliksah University; Nelson Institute for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison; evrensoylu@gmail.com; Turner, Monica; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; turnermg @ wisc.edu; Wardropper, Chloe B; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wardropper@wisc.edu.
Agricultural watersheds are affected by changes in climate, land use, agricultural practices, and human demand for energy, food, and water resources. In this context, we analyzed the agricultural, urbanizing Yahara watershed (size: 1345 km&amp;#178;, population: 372,000) to assess its responses to multiple changing drivers. We measured recent trends in land use/cover and water quality of the watershed, spatial patterns of 10 ecosystem services, and spatial patterns and nestedness of governance. We developed scenarios for the future of the Yahara watershed by integrating trends and events from the global scenarios literature, perspectives of stakeholders, and models of biophysical drivers and ecosystem services. Four qualitative scenarios were created to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative futures; Climate; Ecosystem services; Eutrophication; Governance; Lakes; Land-use change; Phosphorus; Scenarios.
Ano: 2015

Stakeholder engagement and biodiversity conservation challenges in social-ecological systems: some insights from biosphere reserves in western Africa and France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bouamrane, Meriem; UNESCO MAB; m.bouamrane@unesco.org; Spierenburg, Marja; Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen; M.Spierenburg@maw.ru.nl; Agrawal, Arun; University of Michigan; arunagra@umich.edu; Etienne, Michel; INRA; jlmichel.etienne@laposte.net; Le Page, Christophe; CIRAD-UPR GREEN; le_page@cirad.fr; Levrel, Harold; CIRED; AgroParisTech; harold.levrel@agroparistech.fr; Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr.
Biosphere reserves are an example of social-ecological systems that combine biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development with knowledge generation and dissemination (both scientific and local). We review lessons learned from case studies biosphere reserves in western African and France, highlighting the importance of early stakeholder engagement to build knowledge for achieving sustainable development. We discuss the evolution of the concept of biosphere reserves and its application over time in different socioeconomic and cultural settings. The diversity of stakeholders and their different needs and perceptions about nature conservation complicate implementation processes, sometimes resulting in conflicts about the objectives and zonation of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Learning; Social-ecological systems; Solidarity; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2016

A Review of Two Payment Schemes for Watershed Services from China and Vietnam: the Interface of Government Control and PES Theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kolinjivadi, Vijay K; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); vijay.kolinjivadi@mail.mcgill.ca; Sunderland, Terry; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); T.Sunderland@cgiar.org.
China and Vietnam have developed some of the most ambitious payments for ecosystem services (PES) initiatives for watershed conservation and forest management. These include the Sloping Land Conversion Programme in China and pilot projects designed to implement Decision 380 and the subsequent national PES law in Vietnam. This study reviews how these two government-driven initiatives are achieving their environment and development objectives in terms of their institutional arrangements, implementation in practice, and sustainability prospects. Although it remains too soon to determine the effects of these programs on watershed services, early evidence indicates that they are resulting in vulnerable land being retired from cultivation supported, in some...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: China; Environment; Payments for ecosystem services; Vietnam; Well-being.
Ano: 2012

Using structured decision making with landowners to address private forest management and parcelization: balancing multiple objectives and incorporating uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ferguson, Paige F. B.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; pfferguson@ua.edu; Conroy, Michael J;   Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; mconroy@uga.edu; Chamblee, John F; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; chamblee@uga.edu; Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey;   Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; jhepinst@uga.edu.
Parcelization and forest fragmentation are of concern for ecological, economic, and social reasons. Efforts to keep large, private forests intact may be supported by a decision-making process that incorporates landowners&amp;#8217; objectives and uncertainty. We used structured decision making (SDM) with owners of large, private forests in Macon County, North Carolina. Macon County has little land use regulation and a history of discordant, ineffective attempts to address land use and development. We worked with landowners to define their objectives, identify decision options for forest management, build a Bayesian decision network to predict the outcomes of decisions, and determine the optimal and least-desirable decision options. The optimal forest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian decision network; Conservation easement; Decision analysis; Forestry; Fragmentation; Heritage; Present-use value; Sustainability; Timber harvest.
Ano: 2015

Hydraulic engineering in the social-ecological delta: understanding the interplay between social, ecological, and technological systems in the Dutch delta by means of &amp;#8220;delta trajectories.&amp;#8221;
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Staveren, Martijn F.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; martijn.vanstaveren@wur.nl; van Tatenhove, Jan P. M.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; jan.vantatenhove@wur.nl.
Several of the world's largest deltas have recently been conceptualized as social-ecological delta systems. Although such conceptualizations are valuable in emphasizing complex interaction between social actors and ecological processes in deltas, they do not go into specific dynamics that surround technological developments in the hydraulic domain. By drawing from concepts originating in socio-technical systems research, we stress the importance of technology, particularly the domain of hydraulic engineering, in shaping a delta&amp;#8217;s future. Based on two geographically distinct cases of flood management infrastructure in the Dutch delta, we demonstrate the influence of existing hydraulic works, in mutual interaction with social responses and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive delta management; Delta trajectory; Flood management; Hydraulic engineering; Path dependency; Social-ecological systems; Technological lock-in.
Ano: 2016

Grassroots engagement with transition to sustainability: diversity and modes of participation in the international permaculture movement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ferguson, Rafter Sass; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; fergusn2@illinois.edu; Lovell, Sarah T.; University of Illinois; stlovell@illinois.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Diversity; Environmental movements; Grassroots networks; Permaculture.
Ano: 2015

Naturalistic Golf Courses:  Stepping Stones for Nature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Terman, Max; Tabor College; maxt@tabor.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Questionable Methods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Gary; ; back40@2xtreme.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Synchrony of peak-rate years suggests challenges to sustainable development: a response to O&amp;#8217;Sullivan (2015)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Seppelt, Ralf; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Germany;  iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Germany; Institute of Geoscience &amp; Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany; ralf.seppelt@ufz.de; Manceur, Ameur M.; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Germany; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Germany; ameur.manceur@ufz.de; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu; Fenichel, Eli P.; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, USA; eli.fenichel@yale.edu; Klotz, Stefan; iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Germany; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Community Ecology, Germany ; Stefan.Klotz@ufz.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Limits to growth; Peak-rate year; Synchrony.
Ano: 2015

Assessing the resilience of a real-world social-ecological system: lessons from a multidisciplinary evaluation of a South African pastoral system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kuhn, Arnim; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn; arnim.kuhn@ilr.uni-bonn.de; Naumann, Christiane; Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Cologne; christiane.naumann@uni-koeln.de; Rasch, Sebastian; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn; sebastian.rasch@ilr.uni-bonn.de; Sandhage-Hofmann, Alexandra; Soil Science and Soil Ecology Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; sandhage@uni-bonn.de; Amelung, Wulf; Soil Science and Soil Ecology Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; wulf.amelung@uni-bonn.de; Jordaan, Jorrie; Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Limpopo; jorrie.jj@gmail.com; Du Preez, Chris C.; Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State; dpreezcc@ufs.ac.za; Bollig, Michael; Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Cologne; M.Bollig@verw.uni-koeln.de.
In the past decades, social-ecological systems (SESs) worldwide have undergone dramatic transformations with often detrimental consequences for livelihoods. Although resilience thinking offers promising conceptual frameworks to understand SES transformations, empirical resilience assessments of real-world SESs are still rare because SES complexity requires integrating knowledge, theories, and approaches from different disciplines. Taking up this challenge, we empirically assess the resilience of a South African pastoral SES to drought using various methods from natural and social sciences. In the ecological subsystem, we analyze rangelands&amp;#8217; ability to buffer drought effects on forage provision, using soil and vegetation indicators. In the social...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Drought; Empirical resilience assessment; Globalization; Institutions; Monetary resources; Pastoralism; Rangelands; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2016

Introduction to the Special Feature: Adaptive Management - Scientifically Sound, Socially Challenged?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Barry L; USGS, Upper Midwest Enviromental Sciences Center; barry_johnson@usgs.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision making; Ecosystem management; Experimentation; Flexibility; Implementation; Management agencies; Resources; Risk; Social aspects; Special feature; Stakeholders.
Ano: 1999

Levels and drivers of fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with marine protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias, Adrian; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; adrian.arias@my.jcu.edu.au; Cinner, Joshua E.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Jones, Rhondda E.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; rhondda.jones@jcu.edu.au; Pressey, Robert L.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; bob.pressey@jcu.edu.au.
Effective conservation depends largely on people&amp;#8217;s compliance with regulations. We investigate compliance through the lens of fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs are widely used tools for marine conservation and fisheries management. Studies show that compliance alone is a strong predictor of fish biomass within MPAs. Hence, fishers&amp;#8217; compliance is critical for MPA effectiveness. However, there are few empirical studies showing what factors influence fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with MPAs. Without such information, conservation planners and managers have limited opportunities to provide effective interventions. By studying 12 MPAs in a developing country (Costa Rica), we demonstrate the role that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Costa Rica; Illegal fishing; Livelihoods; Marine reserve; Poaching; Poverty.
Ano: 2015

Evaluating the process of ecological restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aradottir, Asa L.; Agricultural University of Iceland; asa@lbhi.is; Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Mitchell, Ruth J.; The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK; ruth.mitchell@hutton.ac.uk; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; krr@ign.ku.dk; Tolvanen, Anne; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu Finland; anne.tolvanen@luke.fi; Wilson, Scott D.; Department of Biology, University of Regina; scott.wilson@uregina.ca.
We developed a conceptual framework for evaluating the process of ecological restoration and applied it to 10 examples of restoration projects in the northern hemisphere.  We identified three major phases, planning, implementation, and monitoring, in the restoration process.  We found that evaluation occurred both within and between the three phases, that it included both formal and informal components, and that it often had an impact on the performance of the projects.  Most evaluations were short-term and only some parts of them were properly documented.  Poor or short-term evaluation of the restoration process creates a risk that inefficient methods will continue to be used, which reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of restoration.  To improve the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Evaluation; Northern Hemisphere; Restoration implementation; Restoration monitoring; Restoration planning.
Ano: 2016

Making sense of climate change: orientations to adaptation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Reflecting Society; James Cook University, Department of Anthropology; CSIRO; tim.lynam@internode.on.net; Walker, Iain; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; University of Canberra; Iain.Walker@canberra.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2016

Conservation Policy in Time and Space: Lessons from Divergent Approaches to Salvage Logging on Public Lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, George; University at Albany, State University of New York; grobins@csc.albany.edu; Zappieri, Jeffrey; NYS Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources; jjamzip@superior.net.
A 50-yr precedent was reversed in 1995 when, following a powerful windstorm, salvage logging was disallowed in the protected Adirondack Park State Forest Preserve of New York, United States. Damage from a similar windstorm in 1950 had provoked massive salvage operations, approved by the New York State legislature on the grounds of fire prevention and resource conservation. Following the 1995 storm, state conservation officers and consulting ecologists were prepared with up-to-date assessment tools and a theoretical framework that treated large disturbances as normal ecosystem processes; the executive branch acted in accord with their recommendations to forgo salvage. Prior to these events in New York State, federal forest preserves in western states had...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adirondack Park; Forest disturbance; Forest health legislation; Public land use; Salvage logging; Science and public policy; Wildfire; Windstorm.
Ano: 1999

Green area loss in San Juan&amp;#8217;s inner-ring suburban neighborhoods: a multidisciplinary approach to analyzing green/gray area dynamics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramos-Santiago, Luis E.; The Florida State University, Department of Urban &amp; Regional Planning; ler12@my.fsu.edu; Villanueva-Cubero, Luis; University of Puerto Rico, Department of Natural Sciences; luis.villanuevacubero@upr.edu; Santiago-Acevedo, Luis E.; University of Puerto Rico, Graduate School of Planning; santiago.luis47@gmail.com; Rodriguez-Melendez, Yasha N.; Centro de Estudios Avanzados y del Caribe; yasha.rodriguez@yahoo.com.
The loss of green areas and vegetation in suburban neighborhoods poses short- and long-term consequences associated with environmental changes and socioeconomic decline that can propel such developments to an unsustainable state. We summarize an interdisciplinary investigation aimed at identifying the drivers of green area loss, green cover loss, and quantifying the impact on three inner-ring suburban neighborhoods located along the Rio Piedras watershed in San Juan, Puerto Rico. An inductive approach to social-ecological research was undertaken because it provides a flexible platform for interdisciplinary collaboration on this complex and dynamic subject. The three developments selected for the study were constructed in the mid-20th century under...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Green area loss; Inner-ring suburbs; Land-use science; Neighborhood decline; Puerto Rico; Social-ecological; Sustainability; Urban dynamics; Urban planning.
Ano: 2014

Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration in Russian and Swedish Model Forest Initiatives: Adaptive Governance Toward Sustainable Forest Management?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elbakidze, Marine; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; marine.elbakidze@smsk.slu.se; Angelstam, Per K; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; per.angelstam@smsk.slu.se; Axelsson, Robert; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; robert.axelsson@smsk.slu.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Landscape; Multi-level collaboration; Sustainability; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2010

Human Activity Differentially Redistributes Large Mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogala, James Kimo; Parks Canada; University of Calgary; jameskimor@yahoo.com; Hebblewhite, Mark; University of Montana;; Whittington, Jesse; Parks Canada;; White, Cliff A.; Parks Canada;; Coleshill, Jenny; University of Calgary;; Musiani, Marco; University of Calgary;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Conditional logistic regression; Elk; Human activity; Resource selection; Trails; Wolves; Yellowstone National Park.
Ano: 2011

Applied research for enhancing human well-being and environmental stewardship: using complexity thinking in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Palmer, Carolyn G.; Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, South Africa; tally.palmer@ru.ac.za; Biggs, Reinette; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Relational; Stewardship; Sufficiency; Well-being.
Ano: 2015

Fostering Complexity Thinking in Action Research for Change in Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogers, Kevin H; Centre for Water in the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand; kevin.rogers@wits.ac.za; Luton, Rebecca; Centre for Water in the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand; rebecca.luton@gmail.com; Biggs, Harry ; South African National Parks; Biggs@sanparks.org; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Blignaut, Sonja; The Narrative Lab, Johannesburg; sonja@narrativelab.co.za; Choles, Aiden G; The Narrative Lab, Johannesburg; aiden@narrativelab.co.za; Palmer, Carolyn G; Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality Institute for Water Research, Rodes University ; tally.palmer@ru.ac.za; Tangwe, Pius; Department of Social Work / Social Development University of Fort Hare ; PTangwe@ufh.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Competency; Complexity thinking; Consciousness; Habits of mind; Integrated learning framework; Lived complexity; Reductionism; Tacit knowledge; Unlearning.
Ano: 2013

Herbivores as Keystone Predators
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; r_davic@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

The Evolutionary Basis of Rigidity: Locks in Cells, Minds, and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Westley, Frances R; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; westley@wisc.edu.
Feedbacks leading to alternative stable modes of behavior occur on levels varying from the cell and the mind to societies. The tendency to lock into a certain pattern comes at the cost of the ability to adjust to new situations. The resulting rigidity limits the ability of persons, groups, and companies to respond to new problems, and some even suggest that it may have contributed to the collapse of ancient societies. In the face of these negative effects, it may seem surprising that lock-in situations are so ubiquitous. Here, we show that the tendency to lock into one of several alternative modes usually serves an apparent purpose. In cells, it filters out noise, and allows a well-defined and consistent behavior once a certain threshold is passed....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity in humans.
Ano: 2007

Avoiding Environmental Catastrophes: Varieties of Principled Precaution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Alan R; Clemson University; Alanj@Clemson.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Aldo Leopold; Ambiguity; Blaise Pascal; Daniel Ellsberg; Decision theory; Future generations; Gifford Pinchot; Intelligent tinkering; Precautionary principle; Resilience; Risk; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012

Ecological restoration as objective, target, and tool in international biodiversity policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Ecological restoration has been mainstreamed in international biodiversity policies in the last five years. I analyze statements about restoration in three international policies: the Convention for Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Convention for Biodiversity Decision XI/16 on ecosystem restoration, and the European Union&amp;#8217;s Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. I argue that restoration functions at three different levels in these policies: as an objective, as a target, and as a tool. Because restoration appears at all three levels, the policies encourage counting all restoration activity as meeting the objectives of the policy regardless of the activity&amp;#8217;s actual effect on ecosystem services or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Convention on Biological Diversity; Ecological restoration; European Union; Policy.
Ano: 2015

Ecosystem Services, Governance, and Stakeholder Participation: an Introduction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paavola, Jouni ; University of Leeds; j.paavola@leeds.ac.uk; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland; hubacek@umd.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive; Ecosystem services; Governance; Participation; Payment for ecosystem services; Protected areas; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2013

Meanings, drivers, and motivations for community-based conservation in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schunko, Christoph; Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); christoph.schunko@boku.ac.at; Corbera, Esteve; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Aut&amp;#242;noma de Barcelona; Department of Economics and Economic History, Universitat Aut&amp;#242;noma de Barcelona; esteve.corbera@uab.cat.
Indigenous and rural communities have developed strategies aimed at supporting their livelihoods and protecting biodiversity. Motivational factors underlying these local conservation strategies, however, are still a largely neglected topic. We aimed to enrich the conceptualization of community-based conservation by exploring trigger events and motivations that induce local people to be engaged in practical institutional arrangements for successful natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. By examining the history and development of three community conservation initiatives in Brazil, Mexico, and Bolivia, we have illustrated and discussed two main ways of understanding community-based conservation from the interaction between extrinsic and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Commons; Governance; Latin America; Protected areas.
Ano: 2015

Social-Ecological Guilds: Putting People into Marine Historical Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shackeroff, Janna M; International Coordinator NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program ; janna.shackeroff@noaa.gov; Campbell, Lisa M; Duke University; lcampbe@duke.edu; Crowder, Larry B; Duke University Marine Laboratory; lcrowder@duke.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Coral reefs; Local ecological knowledge; Marine historical ecology; Social-ecological systems; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2011

Scenarios are Plausible Stories about the Future, not Forecasts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schneider, Richard R.; Ministik Environmental Consulting; contact@borealcentre.ca; Boutin, Stan; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta; Stan.Boutin@ualberta.ca; Stelfox, J. Brad; Forem Technologies; bstelfox@telusplanet.net; Wasel, Shawn; Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.; waselsh@alpac.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Boreal forest; Cumulative industrial impacts; Forestry industry; Integrated resource management; Petroleum industry; Simulation model; Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.
Ano: 2007

A Spatially Explicit Decision Support System for Watershed-Scale Management of Salmon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steel, E. Ashley; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; Ashley.Steel@noaa.gov; Fullerton, Aimee; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; Aimee.Fullerton@noaa.gov; Caras, Yuko; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; Yuko.Caras@kingcounty.gov; Sheer, Mindi B.; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; Mindi.Sheer@noaa.gov; Olson, Patricia; Pacific Watershed Institute, Olympia, Washington, USA 98504; Washington State Department of Ecology, PO Box 47600, Olympia, Washington, USA 98504; pols461@ecy.wa.gov; Jensen, David; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; David.Jensen@noaa.gov; Burke, Jennifer; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; School of Ocean and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 98119; burkejen@u.washington.edu; Maher, Michael; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; Steward and Associates, 120 A, Suite d, Snohomish, Washington, USA 98290; Michael.Maher@noaa.gov; McElhany, Paul; NW Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, Washington, USA 98112; Paul.McElhany@noaa.gov.
Effective management for wide-ranging species must be conducted over vast spatial extents, such as whole watersheds and regions. Managers and decision makers must often consider results of multiple quantitative and qualitative models in developing these large-scale multispecies management strategies. We present a scenario-based decision support system to evaluate watershed-scale management plans for multiple species of Pacific salmon in the Lewis River watershed in southwestern Washington, USA. We identified six aquatic restoration management strategies either described in the literature or in common use for watershed recovery planning. For each of the six strategies, actions were identified and their effect on the landscape was estimated. In this way, we...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chinook salmon; Endangered species; Habitat suitability; Recovery planning; Riparian; Sediment routing.
Ano: 2008

Do the Principles of Ecological Restoration Cover EU LIFE Nature Cofunded Projects in Denmark?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morsing, Jonas; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; nkx236@alumni.ku.dk; Frandsen, Sally Ida; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen;; Vejre, Henrik; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; hv@life.ku.dk; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; krr@life.ku.dk.
Ecological restoration is becoming a main component in nature management; hence, its definitions and interpretations of the underlying principles are widely discussed. In Denmark, restoration has been implemented for decades, and the LIFE Nature program has contributed to several large-scale projects. Our aim was to indicate tendencies in Danish nature policy by analyzing a representative sample of nature management projects. Using qualitative document analyses of official reports, we investigated how well 13 LIFE Nature cofinanced projects undertaken in Denmark fit with the principles of ecological restoration, as formulated in the nine attributes of the Society for Ecological Restoration&amp;#8217;s Primer on Ecological Restoration, and based on the five...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benchmark; Ecological restoration; Human impact; LIFE Nature; Natura 2000; Nature policy; Semicultural landscapes; SER attributes.
Ano: 2013

Dealing with Uncertainty in Flood Management Through Diversification
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.; ; jeroen.aerts@ivm.falw.vu.nl; Botzen, Wouter; ; Wouter.Botzen@ivm.falw.vu.nl; Veen, Anne van der; ; a.vanderveen@ctw.utwente.nl; Krywkow, Joerg; ; j.krywkow@ctw.utwente.nl; Werners, Saskia; ; Saskia.Werners@wur.nl.
This paper shows, through a numerical example, how to develop portfolios of flood management activities that generate the highest return under an acceptable risk for an area in the central part of the Netherlands. The paper shows a method based on Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) that contributes to developing flood management strategies. MPT aims at finding sets of investments that diversify risks thereby reducing the overall risk of the total portfolio of investments. This paper shows that through systematically combining four different flood protection measures in portfolios containing three or four measures; risk is reduced compared with portfolios that only contain one or two measures. Adding partly uncorrelated measures to the portfolio diversifies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive water management; Diversification; Flood risk; Modern Portfolio Theory; Uncertainty; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008

Assumptive Error and Overestimation of Effects in Wildlife Model Output
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harron, Donald E.; ; dharron@skyweb.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Avoidance; Seismic line; Wildlife model; Woodland caribou.
Ano: 2007

A sense of change: media designers and artists communicating about complexity in social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vervoort, Joost M.; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University; Alterra; joost.vervoort@eci.ox.ac.uk; Keuskamp, Diederik H.; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Amsterdam; d.h.keuskamp@uva.nl; Kok, Kasper; Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; van Lammeren, Ron; Laboratory for Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University; ron.vanlammeren@wur.nl; Stolk, Taconis; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Arts Academy; tawstolk@wlfr.nl; Veldkamp, Tom (A.); Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente; veldkamp@itc.nl; Rekveld, Joost; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Art; joost.rekveld@interfaculty.nl; Schelfhout, Ronald; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; ronaldschelfhout@gmail.com; Teklenburg, Bart; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; bartje2012@hotmail.com; Cavalheiro Borges, Andre; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; cavalheiroacb@gmail.com; Wits, Willem; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; willem_wits@hotmail.com; Assmann, Nicky; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; info@nickyassmann.net; Abdi Dezfouli, Erfan; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; info@erfanabdi.com; Cunningham, Kate; ArtScience Interfaculty, Royal Academy of Arts; kecunning@gmail.com; Nordeman, Berend; Media Technology, Leiden University; berend@nordeman.nl; Rowlands, Hannah; Oxford Martin School Programme for the Future of Food, University of Oxford; hannah.rowlands@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
To take on the current and future challenges of global environmental change, fostering a widespread societal understanding of and engagement with the complex dynamics that characterize interacting human and natural systems is essential. Current science communication methods struggle with a number of specific challenges associated with communicating about complex systems. In this study we report on two collaborative processes, a short workshop and longer course, that aimed to harness the insights of interactive media designers and artists to overcome these challenges. The two processes resulted in 86 new interactive media concepts which were selected by the participants and organizers using set criteria and then evaluated using the same criteria by a panel...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication; Complexity; Participation; Scale; Serious gaming; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Global Environmental Change: Research findings and policy implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Biocultural diversity; Indigenous knowledge; Resilience; Small-scale societies.
Ano: 2013

Hybrid Knowledge: Place, Practice, and Knowing in a Volunteer Ecological Restoration Project
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reid, Karen A; University of Melbourne; reidk@unimelb.edu.au; Williams, Kathryn  J H; University of Melbourne; kjhw@unimelb.edu.au; Paine, Mark  S; University of Melbourne; Dairy New Zealand; Mark.Paine@dairynz.co.nz.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based ecological restoration; Ecological knowledge; Ecological restoration practice; Place-based knowledge; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2011

Contemporary Visions of Progress in Ecology and Thoughts for the Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Starzomski, Brian M; University of British Columbia; starzom@zoology.ubc.ca; Cardinale, Bradley J; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; bjcardinale@facstaff.wisc.edu; Dunne, Jennifer A; Santa Fe Institute; jdunne@santafe.edu; Hillery, Melinda J; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University; m.hillery@ecu.edu.au; Holt, Carrie A; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; cholt@sfu.ca; Krawchuk, Meg A; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta; megk@ualberta.ca; Lage, Melissa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University; Melissa_Lage@Brown.edu; McMahon, Sean; Complex Systems Group, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; seanmcm@utk.edu; Melnychuk, Michael C; Fisheries Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia; m.melnychuk@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Although ecological research is progressing rapidly, the answers to certain key questions continue to elude us. This paper considers several of the contemporary challenges facing ecology. (1) Terminology is voluminous and often poorly defined, resulting in inefficient communication. (2) The concept of scale affects our inferences about system structure and function, requiring us to continue an almost heuristic investigation of breaks, domains, and integration. New tools that more explicitly incorporate scalar issues will need to be developed for progress to take place in the field of ecology. (3) Increasingly, it is expected that applied questions will be solved in less than a year. This demand for solutions from ecologists often produces short-term and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-discipline research; Foundations of ecology; Information-sharing database; Scale; Statistics; Terminology.
Ano: 2004

The Evolution of the Maine Lobster V-Notch Practice:  Cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Acheson, James; Department of Anthropology and School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; acheson@maine.edu; Gardner, Roy; Department of Economics, Indiana University; gardner@indiana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Evolutionary game theory; Lobster; Maine; Prisoner's dilemma; V-notch program.
Ano: 2011

Applying the Concept of Fit to Water Governance Reforms in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boundaries; Dynamic fit; River basin management; South Africa; Spatial fit; Water governance; Water resource management.
Ano: 2014

Anticipating future risk in social-ecological systems using fuzzy cognitive mapping: the case of wildfire in the Chiquitania, Bolivia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Devisscher, Tahia; Environmental Change Institute&amp;#8236;, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford; Stockholm Environment Institute; tahia.devisscher@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Boyd, Emily; Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Malhi, Yadvinder; Environmental Change Institute&amp;#8236;, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford; yadvinder.malhi@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
Understanding complex social-ecological systems, and anticipating how they may respond to rapid change, requires an approach that incorporates environmental, social, economic, and policy factors, usually in a context of fragmented data availability. We employed fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) to integrate these factors in the assessment of future wildfire risk in the Chiquitania region, Bolivia. In this region, dealing with wildfires is becoming increasingly challenging because of reinforcing feedbacks between multiple drivers. We conducted semistructured interviews and constructed different FCMs in focus groups to understand the regional dynamics of wildfire from diverse perspectives. We used FCM modelling to evaluate possible adaptation scenarios in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Complexity; Scenario; Social-ecological system; Uncertainty; Wildfire risk.
Ano: 2016

Panarchy: Discontinuities Reveal Similarities in the Dynamic System Structure of Ecological and Social Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garmestani, Ahjond S; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
In this paper, we review the empirical evidence of discontinuous distributions in complex systems within the context of panarchy theory and discuss the significance of discontinuities for understanding emergent properties such as resilience. Over specific spatial-temporal scale ranges, complex systems can configure in a variety of regimes, each defined by a characteristic set of self-organized structures and processes. A system may remain within a regime or dramatically shift to another regime. Understanding the drivers of regime shifts has provided critical insight into system structure and resilience. Although analyses of regime shifts have tended to focus on the system level, new evidence suggests that the same system behaviors operate within scales. In...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Panarchy; Discontinuities; Complex systems; Regime shifts; Resilience.
Ano: 2009

Resilience Lost: Intersecting Land Use and Landscape Dynamics in the Prehistoric Southwestern United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peeples, Matthew A.; School of Human Evolution &amp; Social Change, Arizona State University; Matthew.Peeples@asu.edu; Barton, C. Michael; School of Human Evolution &amp; Social Change, Arizona State University; Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity, Arizona State University; Michael.Barton@asu.edu; Schmich, Steven; School of Human Evolution &amp; Social Change, Arizona State University; Steven.Schmich@asu.edu.
The interdisciplinary framework known as resilience theory used by ecologists, social scientists, as well as policy makers, is primarily concerned with the sources of transformation and stability in complex socioecological systems. The laboratory of the long and diverse archaeological record is uniquely suited to testing some of the implications of this theoretical perspective. In this paper, we consider the history of land use and landscape change across the transition from foraging to agricultural subsistence economies in the Middle Chevelon Creek region of northern Arizona. Through this discussion, we highlight the potential roles of diversity and flexibility at multiple spatial and temporal scales in the resilience of human land use practices from the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Agriculture; Archaeology; Human environmental impacts; Land use; Landscape dynamics; Resilience theory; Southwestern United States.
Ano: 2006

Looking Forward: Using Scenario Modeling to Support Regional Land Use Planning in Northern Yukon, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Francis, Shawn R; ALCES Landscape and Land-Use Ltd.; sfrancis@alces.ca; Hamm, Jeff; Geoplan Consulting; geoplan@geoprism.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Ano: 2011

What we have lost and cannot become: societal outcomes of coastal erosion in southern Belize
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Karlsson, Marianne; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO); Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; marianne.karlsson@nmbu.no; van Oort, Bob; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO); bvo@cicero.oslo.no.
Countries in the Caribbean region, including Belize, are vulnerable to coastal erosion. Experts and scholars have assessed the effects of coastal erosion in the region in physical and economic terms, most often from a sectoral perspective. However, less attention has been directed to the localized and nonquantifiable effects of coastal erosion in the region. We address this research gap by presenting an empirical study of a village in southern Belize that has experienced significant coastal erosion since the mid-1980s. Drawing on interviews, a mapping exercise, and a literature review, we analyze how villagers are experiencing the impacts of coastal change, and what the resulting risks and losses mean for the socioeconomic stability of the village. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Belize; Caribbean; Coastal erosion; Risk and loss.
Ano: 2015

Urban Ecological and Social-Ecological Research in the City of Cape Town: Insights Emerging from an Urban Ecology CityLab
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Pippin ; African Centre for Cities, Environmental and Geographical Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; pippin.anderson@uct.ac.za; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; thomase@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: African Centre for Cities; Cape Town; CityLab; Social urban ecology; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2012

A Multisector Framework for Assessing Community-Based Forest Management: Lessons from Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raik, Daniela B; Cornell University; dbr23@cornell.edu; Decker, Daniel J; Cornell University; djd6@cornell.edu.
Community-based forest management has proliferated throughout Africa as national governments have decentralized the administration of public forestry.  Community-based forestry has taken multiple forms, depending on the assortment of land-tenure systems, forest-use norms, wood demand, and social organization, among others factors. Nature, Wealth, and Power is an analytical framework that has been developed from experiences in natural resource management in Africa. In this paper, we amend the framework to People, Nature, Wealth, and Power (PNWP), and propose it as an analytical lens for community-based forest management initiatives.  We use the PNWP framework to assess the responsiveness of contractual forest management in the Menabe region of Madagascar to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community-based forest management; Decentralization; Forestry; Madagascar.
Ano: 2007

A Bayesian belief network model for community-based coastal resource management in the Kei Islands, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoshino, Eriko; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; eriko.hoshino@csiro.au; van Putten, Ingrid; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Ingrid.vanputten@csiro.au; Girsang, Wardis; Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia; girsang_2010@yahoo.com; Resosudarmo, Budy P; Indonesia Project, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; budy.resosudarmo@anu.edu.au; Yamazaki, Satoshi; Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; satoshi.yamazaki@utas.edu.au.
Understanding the specific relationships between ecological and socioeconomic conditions and marine tenure is likely to contribute to successful functioning of self-governance institutions for common-pool resources. Complex interrelationships of factors influencing fishing activities of coastal communities and implementation of customary marine tenure over their waters can be represented in a Bayesian belief network model. We developed a Bayesian belief network model that includes the links between factors for fishing communities in the Kei Islands in Indonesia, based on indepth local surveys. Our results showed that the cumulative impacts of multiple factors on key social, economic, and environmental outcomes can be much larger than the impact from a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief network; Community-based management; Customary marine tenure; Indonesia; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016

Ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies misunderstood without landscape history
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tomscha, Stephanie A.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; stephanie.tomscha@gmail.com; Gergel, Sarah E.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; sarah.gergel@ubc.ca.
Dramatic changes in ecosystem services have motivated recent work characterizing their interactions, including identifying trade-offs and synergies. Although time is arguably implicit in these ideas of trade-offs and synergies (e.g., temporal dynamics or changes in ecosystem services), such interactions are routinely inferred based on the spatial relationships among ecosystem services alone (e.g., spatial concordance of ecosystem services indicates synergies, whereas incongruence signifies trade-offs). The limitations of this approach have not been fully explored. We quantified ecosystem service interactions using correlations among contemporary ecosystem services and compared these results to those derived by incorporating change in ecosystem services...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service mapping; Landscape baseline; River floodplain; Synergy; Trade-off.
Ano: 2016

The Hidden Cost of Tourism: Detecting Long-term Effects of Tourism Using Behavioral Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lusseau, David; University of Aberdeen; d.lusseau@abdn.ac.uk.
Increasingly, whales and dolphins are the focus of tourism activities in many coastal locations. Although these activities can affect individuals and populations of cetaceans, the biological significance and hence the cost of these impacts are as yet largely unknown. This study assessed the effects of boat interactions on the behavioral budget of two populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tersiops truncatus) living in similar fjords but exposed to different levels of tourism activities. This comparison makes it possible to assess the costs of short-term avoidance strategies and the threshold at which those strategies are no longer effective. The effects of boat interactions were the same in both fjords. The resting state was the most sensitive to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Tursiops truncatus; Markov chain modeling; Avoidance; Behavioral budget; Boat-dolphin interactions; Boats; Bottlenose dolphin; Impact assessment; Long-term effects; Tourism; Whale-watching.
Ano: 2004

Urban Systems during Disasters: Factors for Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wallace, Deborah; Consumers Union; rdwall@ix.netcom.com; Wallace, Rodrick; The New York State Psychiatric Institute; rdwall@ix.netcom.com.
Urban neighborhoods form the basic functional unit of municipalities. Socioeconomically, they consist of social networks and interlocking layers of social networks. Old, stable neighborhoods are blessed with large social networks and dense interlocking layers. Both social control and social support depend on these complex structures of tight and loose ties. Public health and public order depend on these structures. They are the basis of resilience of both the neighborhood itself and of the municipality that is composed of neighborhoods. In New York City in the 1970s and later, domain shift occurred because of the disruption of the socioeconomic structure by the massive destruction of low-rental housing. A combined epidemic of building fires and landlord...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social network; Urban system.
Ano: 2008

Professional ecological knowledge: an unrecognized knowledge domain within natural resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fleischman, Forrest; Texas A&amp;M University, Department of Ecosystem Science &amp; Management; forrestf@tamu.edu; Briske, David D.; Texas A&amp;M University, Department of Ecosystem Science &amp; Management; dbriske@tamu.edu.
Successful natural resource management is dependent on effective knowledge exchange and utilization. Local/traditional/indigenous knowledge derived from place-based experience and scientific knowledge generated by systematic inquiry are the most commonly recognized knowledge domains. However, we propose that many natural resource decisions are not based on local or scientific knowledge, but rather on a little recognized domain that we term professional ecological knowledge (PEK). Professional ecological knowledge is founded upon codification of broad ecological principles, but not necessarily scientific evidence, to legitimize agency programs, support operational efficiency, and encourage user compliance. However, in spite of these benefits, PEK may reduce...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Government agencies; Knowledge domains; Knowledge integration; Local knowledge; Scientific knowledge; Science-policy gap.
Ano: 2016

Remote Sensing and Ethnobotanical Assessment of the Mangrove Forest Changes in the Navachiste-San Ignacio-Macapule Lagoon Complex, Sinaloa, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Koedam, Nico; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; nikoedam@vub.ac.be; Ruiz Luna, Arturo; CIAD-Mazatlan; arluna@victoria.ciad.mx; Troell, Max; Beijer Institute; max@beijer.kva.se; Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; fdahdouh@vub.ac.be.
The present study focuses on the Navachiste-San Ignacio-Macapule lagoon complex in northwest Mexico and evaluates the spatiotemporal change in the mangrove area over the last three decades using Landsat MSS and TM imagery. Local ethnobotanical uses of the mangrove forest and local perceptions about the status and recent development of the mangrove forest cover are also analyzed. The results of interviews with 54 inhabitants of four fishing villages in the study area indicated that, overall, Laguncularia racemosa is the most frequently used species in this region of the Mexican Pacific coast, where it serves as firewood and a construction material, particularly for walls and fences. The next-ranked species were Avicennia germinans, which is used for tea,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mangrove; Ethnobiology; Remote sensing; Time series; Thematic Mapper; Multi-Spectral Scanner; Mexico.
Ano: 2005

Conservation and Unscripted Development:  Proximity to Park Associated with Development and Financial Diversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baird, Timothy D.; Virginia Tech; tbaird@vt.edu.
Decades of research on the social dynamics of biodiversity conservation has shown that parks and protected areas have added hardship to rural communities throughout much of the developing world.  Nonetheless, some recent studies have found evidence of poverty alleviation near protected areas.  To build on these conflicting accounts, I use a comparative, mixed-methods design to examine opportunistic, unplanned, i.e., unscripted, development in indigenous communities near Tarangire National Park (TNP) in northern Tanzania.  I ask the questions: (1) How is proximity to TNP related to community-level infrastructural development?  (2) How has the process of development changed over time? and (3) How is proximity to TNP related to infrastructure-related social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Conservation; Development; Education; Infrastructure; Tanzania.
Ano: 2014

Landcare on the Poverty-Protection Interface in an Asian Watershed
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garrity, Dennis P; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry; D.Garrity@cgiar.org; Amoroso, Victor B; ;; Koffa, Samuel; ;; Catacutan, Delia; ;; Buenavista, Gladys; ;; Fay, Paul; ;; Dar, William; ;.
Serious methodological and policy hurdles constrain effective natural resource management that alleviates poverty while protecting environmental services in tropical watersheds. We review the development of an approach that integrates biodiversity conservation with agroforestry development through the active involvement of communities and their local governments near the Kitanglad Range Natural Park in the Manupali watershed, central Mindanao, the Philippines. Agroforestry innovations were developed to suit the biophysical and socioeconomic conditions of the buffer zone. These included practices for tree farming and conservation farming for annual cropping on slopes. Institutional innovations improved resource management, resulting in an effective social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Biodiversity; Buffer zone; Integrated conservation-development projects; Land care; Protected national park; Soil conservation; Sustainable agriculture; Timber.
Ano: 2002

A Typology of Indigenous Engagement in Australian Environmental Management: Implications for Knowledge Integration and Social-ecological System Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hill, Rosemary; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; James Cook University, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; ro.hill@csiro.au; Grant, Chrissy; CTG Services; chrissy@webone.com.au; George, Melissa; Consultant; melissa@georgefenton.com.au; Robinson, Catherine J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; catherine.robinson@csiro.au; Jackson, Sue; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; sue.jackson@csiro.au; Abel, Nick; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; nick.abel@csiro.au.
Indigenous peoples now engage with many decentralized approaches to environmental management that offer opportunities for integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK) and western science to promote cultural diversity in the management of social-ecological system sustainability. Nevertheless, processes of combining IEK with western science are diverse and affected by numerous factors, including the adaptive co-management context, the intrinsic characteristics of the natural resources, and the governance systems. We present a typology of Indigenous engagement in environmental management, derived through comparative analysis of 21 Australian case studies, and consider its implications for the integration of IEK with western science. Sociological and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental planning; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Integration; Intercultural; Governance; Natural resource management.
Ano: 2012

Land-Use and Land Cover Dynamics in South American Temperate Grasslands
Provedor de dados: 7
In the R&amp;#237;o de la Plata grasslands (RPG) biogeographical region of South America, agricultural activities have undergone important changes during the last 15&amp;#8211;18 years because of technological improvements and new national and international market conditions. We characterized changes in the landscape structure between 1985&amp;#8211;1989 and 2002&amp;#8211;2004 for eight pilot areas distributed across the main regional environmental gradients. These areas incorporated approximately 35% of the 7.5 &amp;#215; 105 km&amp;#178 of the system. Our approach involved the generation of land-use and land cover maps, the analysis of landscape metrics, and the computation of annual transition probabilities between land cover types. All of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Campos; Fragmentation; Grasslands; Land use; Landscape dynamics  pampas; Remote sensing; Spatial metrics.
Ano: 2008

Assessing the Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services: an Agent-Based Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chen, Xiaodong; Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; chenxd@email.unc.edu; Shortridge, Ashton ; Department of Geography, Michigan State University;; An, Li; Department of Geography, San Diego State University;; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University;.
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have increasingly been implemented to protect and restore ecosystems worldwide. The effectiveness of conservation investments in PES may differ under alternative policy scenarios and may not be sustainable because of uncertainties in human responses to policies and dynamic human-nature interactions. To assess the impacts of these interactions on the effectiveness of PES programs, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based model:  human and natural interactions under policies (HANIP). We used HANIP to study the effectiveness of China&amp;#8217;s Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and alternative policy scenarios in a coupled human-nature system, China&amp;#8217;s Wolong Nature Reserve, where indigenous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Conservation investments; Coupled human-nature systems; Fuelwood; Natural Forest Conservation Program; Payments for ecosystem services.
Ano: 2014

Social Capital and Social-Ecological Resilience in the Asteroussia Mountains, Southern Crete, Greece
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kizos, Thanasis; Department of Geography, University of the Aegean; akizos@aegean.gr; Detsis, Vassilis; Department of Home Economics &amp; Ecology, Harokopio University;; Iosifides, Theodoros; Department of Geography, University of the Aegean;; Metaxakis, Minas; Department of Geography, University of the Aegean;.
Social-ecological resilience (SER) expresses the capacity of a social-ecological system to adapt and transform. We investigated the ways in which different types and transformations of social capital influence the SER of a region. The study area, the Asteroussia Mountains in southern Crete, Greece, is a typical semiarid hilly/mountainous area of the eastern Mediterranean in which land degradation is one of the most important issues in land management, mostly related to overgrazing because of the growing size of the flocks of sheep and goats. The approach followed was qualitative, with in-depth interviews with a small number of key stakeholders in the area. The findings indicate many important changes in the area in terms of its production, economy, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crete; Greece; Land degradation and desertification; Social-ecological resilience; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014

Management Effectiveness and Land Cover Change in Dynamic Cultural Landscapes&amp;#8212;Assessing a Central European Biosphere Reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ohnesorge, Bettina; Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; ohnesorge@bbaw.de.
Protected areas are a central pillar of efforts to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services, but their contribution to the conservation and management of European cultural landscapes that have complex spatial-temporal dynamics is unclear. The conservation strategy of biosphere reserves aims at integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service conservation with economic development by designating zones of differing protection and use intensities. It is applied worldwide to protect and manage valuable cultural landscapes. Using the example of a German biosphere reserve, we developed a framework to assess the effectiveness of Central European reserves in meeting their land cover related management goals. Based on digital biotope maps, we defined and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserve; Cultural landscape; Land cover change; Management effectiveness; Protected area.
Ano: 2013

Use of Landscape-level River Signatures in Conservation Planning: a South African Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roux, Dirk; CSIR; droux@csir.co.za; de Moor, Ferdy; Albany Museum; F.demoor@ru.ac.za; Cambray, Jim; Albany Museum; J.Cambray@ru.ac.za; Barber-James, Helen; Albany Museum; H.James@ru.ac.za.
A strategy for assigning priorities in biodiversity conservation was developed for the rivers of the proposed Greater Addo Elephant National Park (GAENP) in South Africa. Due to the limited availability of biological information on the freshwater ecosystems of this area, a desktop approach, supplemented by aerial and land surveys, was used to devise a new river classification typology. This typology incorporated landscape attributes as surrogates for biodiversity patterns, resulting in defined physical "signatures" for each river type. Riverine biodiversity is considered to be conserved by including rivers of each type as defined by the respective signatures. Where options existed, and two or more rivers shared the same signature, a simple procedure was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Greater Addo Elephant National Park; South Africa; Conservation targets; Ecosystem processes; Priority conservation options; Rivers; Signatures of physical pattern; Systematic conservation planning.
Ano: 2002

Sediments and herbivory as sensitive indicators of coral reef degradation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Goatley, Christopher H. R.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; christopher.goatley@jcu.edu.au; Fox, Rebecca J.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies;  Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Australian National University; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney; rebecca.fox-1@uts.edu.au; Bellwood, David R.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; david.bellwood@jcu.edu.au.
Around the world, the decreasing health of coral reef ecosystems has highlighted the need to better understand the processes of reef degradation. The development of more sensitive tools, which complement traditional methods of monitoring coral reefs, may reveal earlier signs of degradation and provide an opportunity for pre-emptive responses. We identify new, sensitive metrics of ecosystem processes and benthic composition that allow us to quantify subtle, yet destabilizing, changes in the ecosystem state of an inshore coral reef on the Great Barrier Reef. Following severe climatic disturbances over the period 2011-2012, the herbivorous reef fish community of the reef did not change in terms of biomass or functional groups present. However, fish-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbances; Ecosystem state; Herbivory; Management; Monitoring; Processes; Resilience; Sediment; Thresholds.
Ano: 2016

Culture, Nature, and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Northern Namibia
Provedor de dados: 7
Defining culture as shared knowledge, values, and practices, we introduce an anthropological concept of culture to the ecosystem-service debate. In doing so, we shift the focus from an analysis of culture as a residual category including recreational and aesthetic experiences to an analysis of processes that underlie the valuation of nature in general. The empirical analysis draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted along the Okavango River in northern Namibia to demonstrate which landscape units local populations value for which service(s). Results show that subjects perceive many places as providing multiple services and that most of their valuations of ecosystem services are culturally shared. We attribute this finding to common experiences and modes of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Concept of culture; Ecosystem services; Ethnography; Landscapes  Namibia; Valuation.
Ano: 2014

Conservation Biology and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Integrating Academic Disciplines for Better Conservation Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Drew, Joshua A; Boston University Marine Program; jdrew@bu.edu; Henne, Adam P; Anthropology Department - University of Georgia; ahenne@uga.edu.
Conservation biology and environmental anthropology are disciplines that are both concerned with the identification and preservation of diversity, in one case biological and in the other cultural. Both conservation biology and the study of traditional ecoloigcal knowledge function at the nexus of the social and natural worlds, yet historically there have been major impediments to integrating the two. Here we identify linguistic, cultural, and epistemological barriers between the two disciplines. We argue that the two disciplines are uniquely positioned to inform each other and to provide critical insights and new perspectives on the way these sciences are practiced. We conclude by synthesizing common themes found in conservation success stories, and by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Conservation; Critical analysis; Multidisciplinary research.
Ano: 2006

&amp;#8220;I know, therefore I adapt?&amp;#8221; Complexities of individual adaptation to climate-induced forest dieback in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Oakes, Lauren E.; Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University; leoakes@stanford.edu; Ardoin, Nicole M.; Graduate School of Education and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; nmardoin@stanford.edu; Lambin, Eric F.; School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; elambin@stanford.edu.
Individual actions to avoid, benefit from, or cope with climate change impacts partly shape adaptation; much research on adaptation has focused at the systems level, overlooking drivers of individual responses. Theoretical frameworks and empirical studies of environmental behavior identify a complex web of cognitive, affective, and evaluative factors that motivate stewardship. We explore the relationship between knowledge of, and adaptation to, widespread, climate-induced tree mortality to understand the cognitive (i.e., knowledge and learning), affective (i.e., attitudes and place attachment), and evaluative (i.e., use values) factors that influence how individuals respond to climate-change impacts. From 43 semistructured interviews with forest managers...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Climate change; Forest management; Individual adaptation; Knowledge; Place attachment; Use values.
Ano: 2016

A cultural landscape approach to community-based conservation in Solomon Islands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walter, Richard K; University of Otago; richard.walter@otago.ac.nz; Hamilton, Richard J; The Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Division; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; rhamilton@tnc.org.
International environmental organizations have an increasing commitment to the development of conservation programs in high-diversity regions where indigenous communities maintain customary rights to their lands and seas. A major challenge that these programs face is the alignment of international conservation values with those of the indigenous communities whose cooperation and support are vital. International environmental organizations are focused on biodiversity conservation, but local communities often have a different range of concerns and interests, only some of which relate to biodiversity. One solution to this problem involves adoption of a cultural landscape approach as the ethical and organizational foundation of the conservation program. In our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Biodiversity; Climate change; Coral Triangle; Heritage; Solomon Islands.
Ano: 2014

Sensemaking: a complexity perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Reflecting Society; James Cook University; tim.lynam@internode.on.net; Fletcher, Chris; Emerging Options; chris@emergingoptions.com.au.
Our intent was to provide a methodological overview of the primary data collection process in support of the other articles in this special issue. We documented and illustrated the use of a data collection and analysis suite, SenseMaker, that was designed to collect and work with narrative fragments. The approach presented adds a new and inherently mixed tool to the mixed methods toolbox. Despite its novelty and potential utility, little has been written in the academic literature on the application of SenseMaker to complex problems. To the best of our knowledge, the approach has not been used in relation to climate change or climate change adaptation and has not been presented in the mixed methods literature. We sought to contribute to filling this gap...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Complexity; Micronarratives; Mixed methods approach; Narratives; Sensemaking; Stages of change (SOC); Transtheoretical model.
Ano: 2015

Reflective Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2007

The Ghost of Development Past: the Impact of Economic Security Policies on Saami Pastoral Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fauchald, Per; Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; per.fauchald@nina.no; Tveraa, Torkild; Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; torkild.tveraa@nina.no; Pedersen, Elisabeth; Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; elisabeth.pedersen@nina.no.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Big push; Development policies; Economic security trap; Environmental risks; Pastoralist ecosystems; Resilience; Saami; Tundra; Win-win.
Ano: 2011

Challenges of achieving Good Environmental Status in the Northeast Atlantic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alexander, Karen A; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Karen.Alexander@sams.ac.uk; Kershaw, Peter; Centre for Environment, Fisheries &amp; Aquaculture Science; peter.kershaw@cefas.co.uk; Cooper, Philip; School of Management, University of Bath; p.cooper@bath.ac.uk; Gilbert, Alison J.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University of Amsterdam; alison.gilbert@vu.nl; Hall-Spencer, Jason M.; School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth; jason.hall-spencer@plymouth.ac.uk; Heymans, Johanna J.; Scottish Association for Marine Science; sheila.heymans@sams.ac.uk; Kannen, Andreas; Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Andreas.Kannen@hzg.de; Los, Hans J.; Deltares; Hans.Los@deltares.nl; O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O'Higgins@sams.ac.uk; O'Mahony, Cathal; Coastal &amp; Marine Research Centre, University College Cork; c.omahony@ucc.ie; Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; paul.tett@sams.ac.uk; Troost, Tineke A.; Deltares; tineke.troost@deltares.nl; van Beusekom, Justus; Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg; Justus.van.Beusekom@uni-hamburg.de.
The sustainable exploitation of marine ecosystem services is dependent on achieving and maintaining an adequate ecosystem state to prevent undue deterioration. Within the European Union, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires member states to achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS), specified in terms of 11 descriptors. We analyzed the complexity of social-ecological factors to identify common critical issues that are likely to influence the achievement of GEnS in the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) more broadly, using three case studies.  A conceptual model developed using a soft systems approach highlights the complexity of social and ecological phenomena that influence, and are likely to continue to influence, the state of ecosystems in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based management; Good Environmental Status; Northeast Atlantic; Soft systems methodology; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

Rural Social Movements and Agroecology: Context, Theory, and Process
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rosset, Peter M; Center for the Study of Rural Change in Mexico (CECCAM); University of Michigan at Ann Arbor; rosset@globalalternatives.org.
Rural social movements have in recent years adopted agroecology and diversified farming systems as part of their discourse and practice. Here, we situate this phenomenon in the evolving context of rural spaces that are increasingly disputed between agribusiness, together with other corporate land-grabbers, and peasants and their organizations and movements. We use the theoretical frameworks of disputed material and immaterial territories and of re-peasantization to explain the increased emphasis on agroecology by movements in this context. We provide examples from the farmer-to-farmer movement to show the advantages that social movements bring to the table in taking agroecology to scale and discuss the growing agroecology networking process in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Agroecology; Disputed territories; Farmer-to-farmer; Re-peasantization; Social movements; Via Campesina.
Ano: 2012

Revisiting the Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects of Population Growth: a Fundamental but Fading Issue in Modern Scientific, Public, and Political Circles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mora, Camilo; Department of Geography, University of Hawaii; cmora@hawaii.edu.
Reversing ongoing declines in human welfare and biodiversity is at the core of human development. Although numerous institutions and avenues are in place to reverse such trends, there seems to be limited consideration of population growth as an ultimate driver. I review recent studies showing how the issue of population growth has been downplayed and trivialized among scientific fields, which may in part account for the reduced public interest in the issue and in turn the limited will for policy action. Different sources of evidence suggest that population growth could fundamentally affect society, nature, and the climate. Although tackling the issue of overpopulation will suffer from major impediments including scientific motivation, public scientific...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Climate change; Debt; Employment; Population growth; Public outreach.
Ano: 2014

Introducing Ecological Dynamics into Common-Pool Resource Experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.
Case-study analysis shows that long-lasting social&amp;#8211;ecological systems have institutional arrangements regulating where, when, and how to appropriate resources instead of how much. Those cases testify to the importance of the fit between ecological and institutional dynamics. Experiments are increasingly used to study decision making, test alternative behavioral models, and test policies. In typical commons dilemma experiments, the only possible decision is how much to appropriate. Therefore, conventional experiments restrict the option to study the interplay between ecological and institutional dynamics.  Using a new real-time, spatial, renewable resource environment, we can study the informal norms that participants develop in an experimental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Communication; Institutional innovation; Laboratory experiments; Problem of fit.
Ano: 2010

Potential Effects of Climate Change on Treeline Position in the Swedish Mountains
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Edenius, Lars; Dept of Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; lars.edenius@szooek.slu.se.
Climate change may strongly influence species distribution and, thus, the structure and function of ecosystems. This paper describes simulated changes in the position of the upper treeline in the Swedish mountains in response to predicted climate change. Data on predicted summer temperature changes, the current position of the treeline, and a digital elevation model were used to predict the position of the treeline over a 100-year timeframe. The results show the treeline advancing upward by 233&amp;#8211;667 m, depending on the climate scenario used and location within the mountain chain. Such changes hypothetically caused a 75&amp;#8211;85% reduction in treeless alpine heaths, with 60&amp;#8211;93% of the remaining areas being scree slopes and boulder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii; Climate change; Mountain birch; Treeline dynamics.
Ano: 2004

Envisioning Adaptive Strategies to Change: Participatory Scenarios for Agropastoral Semiarid Systems in Nicaragua
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Simelton, Elisabeth; Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; E.S.Simelton@leeds.ac.uk.
Historically, the semiarid social&amp;#8211;ecological systems of the dry Central American corridor have proven resilient to pressures. However, in the last century, these systems have experienced huge environmental and socioeconomic changes that have increased the vulnerability of local livelihoods to shocks. New approaches are needed to capture complex, uncertain, cross-scale and nonlinear relationships among drivers of change and vulnerability. Therefore, to tackle this challenge, we have applied a participatory and interdisciplinary methodological framework of vulnerability assessment to a case study in northern Nicaragua. We triangulated a range of information and data from participatory and scientific research to explore historical and current...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agropastoral system; Conceptual model; Dry tropical system; Nicaragua; Participatory scenario analysis; Vulnerability assessment.
Ano: 2011

Producers and Consumers of Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Participatory scenario planning in place-based social-ecological research: insights and experiences from 23 case studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daw, Tim M; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; tim.daw@stockholmresilience.su.se; Bohensky, Erin L.; CSIRO Land and Water, Townsville, Australia; erin.bohensky@csiro.au; Butler, James R.A.; CSIRO Land and Water, Brisbane, Australia; james.butler@csiro.au; Hill, Rosemary; CSIRO Land and Water, Cairns, Australia; James Cook University, Division of Tropical Environments &amp; Societies; ro.hill@csiro.au; Martin-Ortega, Julia; Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, UK;  Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, UK; j.martinortega@leeds.ac.uk; Quinlan, Allyson; Resilience Alliance, Ottawa, Canada; aquinlan@resalliance.org; Thyresson, Matilda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; matilda.thyresson@su.se; Mistry, Jayalaxshmi; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, UK; j.mistry@rhul.ac.uk; Peterson, Garry D.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; garry.peterson@stockholmresilience.su.se; Plieninger, Tobias; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; tobias.plieninger@ign.ku.dk; Waylen, Kerry A.; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, UK; kerry.waylen@hutton.ac.uk; Beach, Dylan M.; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; dylanbeach@gmail.com; Bohnet, Iris C.; James Cook University, Centre for Tropical and Sustainability Science, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; iris.bohnet@jcu.edu.au; Hamann, Maike; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; maike.hamann@su.se; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, USA; Hubacek@umd.edu; Vilardy, Sandra P.; Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Magdalena, Colombia; svilardy@unimagdalena.edu.co.
Participatory scenario planning (PSP) is an increasingly popular tool in place-based environmental research for evaluating alternative futures of social-ecological systems. Although a range of guidelines on PSP methods are available in the scientific and grey literature, there is a need to reflect on existing practices and their appropriate application for different objectives and contexts at the local scale, as well as on their potential perceived outcomes. We contribute to theoretical and empirical frameworks by analyzing how and why researchers assess social-ecological systems using place-based PSP, hence facilitating the appropriate uptake of such scenario tools in the future. We analyzed 23 PSP case studies conducted by the authors in a wide range of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Futures research; Methodological insights; Participation; Place-based research; Scenarios; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Trends, challenges, and responses of a 20-year, volunteer water monitoring  program in Alabama
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Deutsch, William G; Alabama Water Watch, Auburn University Water Resources Center; deutswg@auburn.edu.
Volunteer water monitoring programs are one of the most popular forms of citizen science, but many face governmental funding cuts and other threats to their continuation. Alabama Water Watch (AWW) is such a program that for more than 20 years has had positive influences on ecosystems and society through environmental education, waterbody protection and restoration, and promotion of improved water policy. A temporal analysis of 15 program indicators revealed 4 phases of AWW that followed general patterns of organizational development. These included periods of rapid growth, cresting, moderate decline, and stabilization at a lower level of activity. Five factors influenced these trends: saturation of potential groups, loss of monitors from aging,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Community-based monitoring; Program sustainability; Public participation in scientific research; Volunteer water monitoring.
Ano: 2015

Toward Operationalizing Resilience Concepts in Australian Marine Sectors Coping with Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leith, Peat; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania; Peat.Leith@utas.edu.au; Madin, Elizabeth M.; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology Sydney; Dept. of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University ; dr.elizabeth.madin@gmail.com.
We seek to contribute to the scholarship on operationalizing resilience concepts via a working resilience indicator framework. Although it requires further refinement, this practical framework provides a useful baseline for generating awareness and understanding of the complexity and diversity of variables that impinge on resilience. It has potential value for the evaluation, benchmarking, monitoring, and reporting of marine system resilience. The necessity for such a framework is a consequence of the levels of complexity and uncertainty associated with climate change and other global change stressors in marine social-ecological systems, and the problems involved in assessing their resilience. There is a need for: (1) methodologies that bring together...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Climate change impacts; Marine sector; Resilience assessment; Resilience indicator.
Ano: 2013

Practitioner Perceptions of Adaptive Management Implementation in the United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Benson, Melinda Harm; University of New Mexico; mhbenson@unm.edu; Stone, Asako B.; Central New Mexico Community College; astone10@cnm.edu.
Adaptive management is a growing trend within environment and natural resource management efforts in the United States. While many proponents of adaptive management emphasize the need for collaborative, iterative governance processes to facilitate adaptive management, legal scholars note that current legal requirements and processes in the United States often make it difficult to provide the necessary institutional support and flexibility for successful adaptive management implementation. Our research explores this potential disconnect between adaptive management theory and practice by interviewing practitioners in the field. We conducted a survey of individuals associated with the Collaborative Adaptive Management Network (CAMNet), a nongovernmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative Adaptive Management Network; Natural resource management; Organizational change; Practitioners.
Ano: 2013

Stable Forest Cover under Increasing Populations of Swidden Cultivators in Central Laos: the Roles of Intrinsic Culture and Extrinsic Wildlife Trade
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robichaud, William G; Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia; williamrobichaud@yahoo.com; Sinclair, Anthony R. E.; Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia; sinclair@zoology.ubc.ca; Odarkor-Lanquaye, Naa; Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia; naalanquaye@hotmail.com; Klinkenberg, Brian; Department of Geography, University of British Columbia; brian@geog.ubc.ca.
Swidden agriculture, or shifting cultivation, is variously viewed as a great environmental threat or a sustainable system of land use. In Laos, swidden has long been considered the primary driver of forest loss nationwide, but the assessment is based exclusively on studies from the north of country, where deforestation is most severe. National policies to control swidden have percolated down to management of one of the largest nature reserves in the region, Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area (NNT NPA) in the Annamite Mountains of central Laos. In NNT NPA, swidden&amp;#8217;s presumed unsustainability and deleterious impact on forest cover is an untested assumption.  We tested it by methods of historical ecology, tracing the patterns of NNT&amp;#8217;s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Annamite Mountains; Brou; Cuora trifasciata; Dalbergia; Deforestation; Historical ecology; Lao PDR; Manis; Nakai-Nam Theun; Nam Theun 2; Pangolin; Pseudorxy nghetinhensis; Saola; Sek; Shifting cultivation; Slash and burn; Sustainable agriculture; Swidden agriculture; Vietic.
Ano: 2009

Forest owner representation of forest management and perception of resource efficiency: a structural equation modeling study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ficko, Andrej; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources; andrej.ficko@bf.uni-lj.si; Boncina, Andrej; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources; andrej.boncina@bf.uni-lj.si.
Underuse of nonindustrial private forests in developed countries has been interpreted mostly as a consequence of the prevailing noncommodity objectives of their owners. Recent empirical studies have indicated a correlation between the harvesting behavior of forest owners and the specific conceptualization of appropriate forest management described as &amp;#8220;nonintervention&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;hands-off&amp;#8221; management. We aimed to fill the huge gap in knowledge of social representations of forest management in Europe and are the first to be so rigorous in eliciting forest owner representations in Europe. We conducted 3099 telephone interviews with randomly selected forest owners in Slovenia, asking them whether they thought they managed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Conceptualization; Management concepts; Natural resources; Private forest owners; Social representations theory; Timber supply; Values.
Ano: 2015

Local Social and Environmental Impacts of Biofuels: Global Comparative Assessment and Implications for Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research; University of Georgia; L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Schoneveld , George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research; G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; Pacheco, Pablo; Center for International Forestry Research; p.pacheco@cgiar.org.
The 2000s witnessed the rapid expansion of biofuel plantations in the global South in the context of a growing trend of crop plantation expansion. This trend has been spurred by policies in the European Union, United States, Brazil, and other countries favoring the use of biofuels in the transport sector to enhance energy security and reduce carbon emissions, as well as by the desire of governments in developing countries to harness the stimulus that new commercial investments provide to the agricultural sector and to national economies. Despite these potential benefits, a number of concerns have been raised about the local social and environmental impacts of biofuel feedstock expansion. We shed light on this debate through a synthesis of findings from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Developing countries; Environmental impacts; Global South; Social impacts.
Ano: 2011

Urban water governance in times of multiple stressors: an editorial
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Lennart; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); lennart.olsson@lucsus.lu.se; Head, Brian W.; University of Queensland; brian.head@uq.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2015

Ruminants and Rodents
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Gary; ; back40@2xtreme.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Assessing sustainability is just one component of many in the quest to achieve sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Assessing sustainability; Bushmeat; Tropical forest hunting; Resilience; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2015

Assessing ecosystem services for informing land-use decisions: a problem-oriented approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fricke, Roman; Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Ecology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; fricker@staff.uni-marburg.de; Kleyer, Michael; Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; michael.kleyer@uni-oldenburg.de; Kobbe, Susanne; Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, Biocentre Grindel, Hamburg, Germany; Susanne.Kobbe@uni-hamburg.de; Seppelt, Ralf; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Leipzig, Germany;  Institute of Geoscience &amp; Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; ralf.seppelt@ufz.de; Settele, Josef; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Animal Ecology and Social-Ecological Research,  Halle, Germany; iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; josef.settele@ufz.de; Spangenberg, Joachim H.; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Animal Ecology and Social-Ecological Research,  Halle, Germany; Sustainable Europe Research Institute SERI Germany, Cologne, Germany; Joachim.Spangenberg@ufz.de; Tekken, Vera; Institute for Geography and Geology, Department of Sustainability Science and Applied Geography, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; vera.tekken@posteo.de; Wittmer, Heidi; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Environmental Politics, Leipzig, Germany; heidi.wittmer@ufz.de.
Assessments of ecosystem services (ES), that aim at informing decisions on land management, are increasing in number around the globe. Despite selected success stories, evidence for ES information being used in decision making is weak, partly because ES assessments are found to fall short in targeting information needs by decision makers. To improve their applicability in practice, we compared existing concepts of ES assessments with focus on informing land use decisions and identified opportunities for enhancing the relevance of ES assessments for decision making. In a process of codesign, building on experience of four projects in Brazil, China, Madagascar, and Vietnam, we developed a step-wise approach for better targeting ES assessments toward...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Ecosystem services assessment; Land use; Problem-oriented.
Ano: 2015

Unpacking &amp;#8220;Participation&amp;#8221; in the Adaptive Management of Social&amp;#8211;ecological Systems: a Critical Review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stringer, Lindsay C; University of Manchester; Lindsay.stringer@manchester.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J; University of Leeds; adougill@env.leeds.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan; University of Leeds; evan@env.leeds.ac.uk; Hubacek, Klaus; University of Leeds; hubacek@env.leeds.ac.uk; Prell, Christina; University of Sheffield; c.prell@sheffield.ac.uk; Reed, Mark S; University of Leeds; mreed@env.leeds.ac.uk.
Adaptive management has the potential to make environmental management more democratic through the involvement of different stakeholders. In this article, we examine three case studies at different scales that followed adaptive management processes, critically reflecting upon the role of stakeholder participation in each case. Specifically, we examine at which stages different types of stakeholders can play key roles and the ways that each might be involved. We show that a range of participatory mechanisms can be employed at different stages of the adaptive cycle, and can work together to create conditions for social learning and favorable outcomes for diverse stakeholders. This analysis highlights the need for greater reflection on case study research in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Democratic governance; Participation; Stakeholder involvement.
Ano: 2006

Scientific Research or Advocacy? Emotive Labels and Selection Bias Confound Survey Results
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vanclay, Jerome K; Southern Cross University; jvanclay@scu.edu.au.
Robert Costanza presents four compelling visions of the future, but the language he uses to describe them is emotive and value-laden and may bias the survey results. The descriptions and analogies used may evoke responses from the survey participants that reveal more about their reactions to the description than their attitudes toward a given scenario. It is hypothesized that the use of more neutral language may lead to more support for the scenario involving "self-limited consumption with ample resources" that Costanza calls "Big Government." If this hypothesis is correct, then the skeptic's policy that Costanza appears to prefer has the additional advantage of always leading to the favored outcome, regardless of the state of the world.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Advocacy; Selection bias; Survey.
Ano: 2000

A Framework to Analyze the Robustness of Social-ecological Systems from an Institutional Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
What makes social-ecological systems (SESs) robust? In this paper, we look at the institutional configurations that affect the interactions among resources, resource users, public infrastructure providers, and public infrastructures. We propose a framework that helps identify potential vulnerabilities of SESs to disturbances. All the links between components of this framework can fail and thereby reduce the robustness of the system. We posit that the link between resource users and public infrastructure providers is a key variable affecting the robustness of SESs that has frequently been ignored in the past. We illustrate the problems caused by a disruption in this link. We then briefly describe the design principles originally developed for robust...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Resilience; Robustness; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2004

Is Education a Key to Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters and hence Unavoidable Climate Change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Differential vulnerability; Education; Human capital; Natural disasters.
Ano: 2014

Logging Concessions and Local Livelihoods in Cameroon: from Indifference to Alliance?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lescuyer, Guillaume; CIRAD; CIFOR; lescuyer@cirad.fr; Assembe Mvondo, Samuel; CIFOR; s.assembe@cgiar.org; Fauvet, Nicolas; CIRAD; nicolas.fauvet@cirad.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Central Africa; Customary rights; Socioeconomic impacts; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2012

Factors in Overcoming Barriers to Implementing Co-management in British Columbia Salmon Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University; evelyn_pinkerton@sfu.ca.
Ten years of research and efforts to implement co-management in British Columbia fisheries have demonstrated that we lack neither good models nor the political will in communities to design and test local and regional institutions for successful involvement in various aspects of management. The barriers lie rather in the distrust and resistance of management agencies and the lack of broadly organized political support. The nature of the barriers and some of the elements of a successful approach to overcoming them are identified and discussed. The analysis is focused around the barriers encountered by two differently situated fishing communities or regions that have launched conservation initiatives through cooperation between local aboriginal and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal-nonaboriginal partnerships; Adaptive management; Bottom-up approach; British Columbia; Co-management; Community-based management; Fisheries; Institutional barriers; Onorhynchus spp.; Salmon; Selective fishing; Stewardship.
Ano: 1999

A guideline to improve qualitative social science publishing in ecology and conservation journals
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moon, Katie; Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra; School of Business, University of New South Wales; katieamoon@gmail.com; Brewer, Tom D.; Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia; tomdbrewer@gmail.com; Adams, Vanessa M.; University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; v.adams@uq.edu.au; Blackman, Deborah A.; School of Business, University of New South Wales; d.blackman@adfa.edu.au.
A rise in qualitative social science manuscripts published in ecology and conservation journals speaks to the growing awareness of the importance of the human dimension in maintaining and improving Earth&amp;#8217;s ecosystems. Given the rise in the quantity of qualitative social science research published in ecology and conservation journals, it is worthwhile quantifying the extent to which this research is meeting established criteria for research design, conduct, and interpretation. Through a comprehensive review of this literature, we aimed to gather and assess data on the nature and extent of information presented on research design published qualitative research articles, which could be used to judge research quality. Our review was based on 146...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Case study; Confirmability; Credibility; Dependability; Methods; Transferability.
Ano: 2016

Historical Meadow Dynamics in Southwest British Columbia: a Multidisciplinary Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lepofsky, Dana; Simon Fraser University; dlepofsk@sfu.ca; Heyerdahl, Emily K; USDA Forest Service; eheyerdahl@fs.fed.us; Lertzman, Ken; Simon Fraser University; lertzman@sfu.ca; Mierendorf, Bob; North Cascades National Park Service Complex; Bob_Mierendorf@nps.gov.
The recent encroachment of woody species threatening many western North American meadows has been attributed to diverse factors. We used a suite of methods in Chittenden Meadow, southwestern British Columbia, Canada, to identify the human, ecological, and physical factors responsible for its historical dynamics and current encroachment by woody vegetation. We evaluated three hypotheses about the origin and processes maintaining the meadow: the meadow is (1) of recent human origin; (2) of ancient human origin, maintained by aboriginal burning; and (3) of ancient non-human origin, not maintained by aboriginal burning.  Our data supported the idea that the meadow had ancient non-human origins and its recent history and current status have resulted from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic influence; Archaeology; British Columbia; Cascade Range; Chittenden Meadow; Climate change; Dendrochronology; Fire suppression; Historical dynamics; Meadows; Ponderosa pine; Tree encroachment.
Ano: 2003

Small islands, valuable insights: systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McMillen, Heather L; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; hmcmille@hawaii.edu; Ticktin, Tamara; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; ticktin@hawaii.edu; Friedlander, Alan; National Geographic Society-Pristine Seas Project; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; alan.Friedlander@hawaii.edu; Jupiter, Stacy D; Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji Country Program; sjupiter@wcs.org; Thaman, Randolph; University of the South Pacific; randolph.thaman@usp.ac.fj; Campbell, John; University of Waikato; j.campbell@waikato.ac.nz; Veitayaki, Joeli; University of the South Pacific; joeli.veitayaki@usp.ac.fj; Giambelluca, Thomas; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; Nagoya University; thomas@hawaii.edu; Nihmei, Salesa; SPREP; salesan@sprep.org; Rupeni, Etika; IUCN/Locally Managed Marine Network; etika.rupeni@iucn.org; Apis-Overhoff, Lucille; University of the South Pacific; lu.overhoff@gmail.com; Aalbersberg, William; University of the South Pacific; william.aalbersberg@usp.ac.fj; Orcherton, Dan F.; Centre for Sustainable Technology and Development, Fiji National University; dan.orcherton@fnu.ac.fj.
Understanding how social-ecological systems are and can be resilient to climate change is one of the world's most crucial problems today. It requires knowledge at local and global scales, the integration of natural and social sciences, and a focus on biocultural diversity. Small Pacific Islands and the knowledge-practice-belief systems of their peoples have a long history of resilience to environmental variability and unpredictability, including in areas with marginal habitats and with periodic, severe disturbance (e.g., drought, flood, storms, and tsunami). We review the state of research on these knowledge systems as it pertains to resilience and adaptation, and we highlight critical research needs to address the interrelated areas of: (1) local-scale...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biocultural diversity; Climate; Customary; Indigenous and local ecological knowledge; Pacific Islands; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2014

On Using Expert-Based Science to &amp;#8220;Test&amp;#8221; Local Ecological Knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brook, Ryan K; University of Manitoba; ryan_brook@umanitoba.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Empowerment; Expert-based science; Local ecological knowledge; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2005

Aspects of Mussel-Farming Activity in Chalastra, Thermaikos Gulf, Greece: An Effort to Untie a Management Gordian Knot
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Konstantinou, Zoi I.; Division of Hydraulics and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; zkon@civil.auth.gr; Krestenitis, Yannis N.; Division of Hydraulics and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ; ynkrest@civil.auth.gr; Latinopoulos, Dionysis; Department of Spatial Planning and Development, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki;; Pagou, Kalliopi; Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography;; Galinou-Mitsoudi, Sofia; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki;; Savvidis, Yiannis; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated management; Integrated modeling; Mussel farming; Stakeholder involvement; Systems Approach Framework (SAF) implementation.
Ano: 2012

Assessment of Biomass Burning in the Conterminous United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leenhouts, Bill; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bill_Leenhouts@.fws.gov.
Wildland fire has been an integral part of the landscape of the conterminous United States for millennia. Analysis of contemporary and pre-industrial (~ 200 - 500 yr BP) conditions, using potential natural vegetation, satellite imagery, and ecological fire regime information, shows that wildland fires burned 35 - 86 x 106 ha (megahectares) annually in the pre-industrial era, consuming 530 - 1230 teragram (Tg) of biomass. At present, in comparison, 5 - 7 Mha/yr burn, consuming 77 - 189 Tg of biomass annually. If historic fire regimes were restored to non-urban and non-agricultural lands today, 18 - 43 Mha would burn annually, consuming 285 - 602 Tg of biomass. For each era, 11 biomass (wildland and agricultural) burning emissions were estimated, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Air quality; Biomass burning; Climate change; Conterminous United States; Emission estimates; Fire regimes; Pre-industrial conditions; Prescribed burning; Wildland fire.
Ano: 1998

Restoration of Midwest Oak Barrens: Structural Manipulation or Process-only?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nielsen, Scott; University of Alberta; scottn@ualberta.ca; Kirschbaum, Chad; University of Michigan; ckirschb@umich.edu; Haney, Alan; University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point; ahaney@uwsp.edu.
We investigated vegetation responses in terms of canopy, ground-layer diversity, and ecological species groups using two restoration treatments at two degraded oak barren and savanna sites in central Wisconsin, USA. The two restoration models tested were (1) process-only, which reintroduced fire in the form of prescribed burning, and (2) structural manipulation, which used prescribed burning following selective timber removal. Both methods have been widely promoted, debated, and investigated in the fire-prone ecosystems of western North America, but they have not been studied in midwestern ecosystems. Vegetation was monitored in permanent quadrats prior to and following treatment applications. All treatment responses were compared against trends at control...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carex pensylvanica; Diversity; Wisconsin; Holdover species; Modal species; Oak barrens; Process-only; Restoration; Savannas; Structural manipulation.
Ano: 2003

Innovation in Management Plans for Community Conserved Areas: Experiences from Australian Indigenous Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davies, Jocelyn; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Jocelyn.Davies@csiro.au; Hill, Rosemary; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; ro.hill@csiro.au; Walsh, Fiona J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Fiona.Walsh@csiro.au; Sandford, Marcus; Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities; Indigenous Protected Areas Program; marcus.sandford@environment.gov.au; Smyth, Dermot; Smyth and Bahrdt Consultants; Charles Darwin University; dermot@sbconsultants.com.au; Holmes, Miles  C; Beit Holmes and Associates Pty Ltd;  University of Queensland; Milesholmes@internode.on.net.
Increasing attention to formal recognition of indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAs) as part of national and/or global protected area systems is generating novel encounters between the customary institutions through which indigenous peoples and local communities manage these traditional estates and the bureaucratic institutions of protected area management planning.  Although management plans are widely considered to be important to effective management of protected areas, little guidance has been available about how their form and content can effectively reflect the distinctive socio-cultural and political characteristics of ICCAs. This gap has been particularly apparent in Australia where a trend to rapidly increased formal engagement of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal land management; Community-based conservation; Indigenous community conserved areas; Indigenous protected areas; Management effectiveness; Planning.
Ano: 2013

The forest has a story: cultural ecosystem services in Kona, Hawai&amp;#8216;i
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gould, Rachelle K; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University;  Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University; Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University ; rachelle@post.harvard.edu; Ardoin, Nicole M; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; Graduate School of Education, Stanford University; nmardoin@stanford.edu; Woodside, Ulalia; Land Assets Division, Kamehameha Schools; ulwoodsi@ksbe.edu; Satterfield, Terre; Institute for Environment, Resources, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; satterfd@interchange.ubc.ca; Hannahs, Neil; Land Assets Division, Kamehameha Schools; nehannah@ksbe.edu; Daily, Gretchen C; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University; Department of Biology, Stanford University; Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, University of Stockholm ; gdaily@stanford.edu.
Understanding cultural dimensions of human/environment relationships is now widely seen as key to effective management, yet characterizing these dimensions remains a challenge. We report on an approach for considering the nonmaterial values associated with ecosystems, i.e., cultural ecosystem services. We applied the approach in Kona, Hawai&amp;#8216;i, using 30 semistructured interviews and 205 in-person surveys, striving to balance pragmatism and depth. We found spirituality, heritage, and identity-related values to be particularly salient, with expression of some of these values varying among respondents by ethnicity and duration of residence in Hawai&amp;#8216;i. Although people of various backgrounds reported strong spirituality and heritage-related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental decision making; Heritage; Identity; Mixed methods; Semistructured interviews; Spirituality; Surveys; Values.
Ano: 2014

Urbanization Drives a Reduction in Functional Diversity in a Guild of Nectar-feeding Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pauw, Anton ; Stellenbosch University; apauw@sun.ac.za; Louw, Kirsten; Published posthumously;.
Urbanization is a widespread and rapidly growing threat to biodiversity, therefore we need a predictive understanding of its effects on species and ecosystem processes. In this paper we study the impact of urbanization on a guild of nectar-feeding birds in a biodiversity hotspot at the Cape of Africa. The guild of four bird species provides important ecosystem services by pollinating 320 plant species in the Cape Floral Region. Functional diversity within the guild is related to differences in bill length. The long-billed Malachite Sunbird (Nectarinia famosa) plays an irreplaceable role as the exclusive pollinator of plant species with long nectar tubes. We analyzed the composition of the guild in suburban gardens of Cape Town along a gradient of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bird pollination; Citizen science; Ecosystem services; Hummingbird feeders; Mobile link organism; Mutualism disruption; Nectarivore; Resilience; Urban ecology; Urban planning.
Ano: 2012

Rights for resilience: food sovereignty, power, and resilience in development practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walsh-Dilley, Marygold; Honors College, University of New Mexico; marygoldwd@unm.edu; Wolford, Wendy; Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University; www43@cornell.edu; McCarthy, James; Graduate School of Geography, Clark University; jamccarthy@clarku.edu.
Even as resilience thinking becomes evermore popular as part of strategic programming among development and humanitarian organizations, uncertainty about how to define, operationalize, measure, and evaluate resilience for development goals prevails. As a result, many organizations and institutions have undertaken individual, collective, and simultaneous efforts toward clarification and definition. This has opened up a unique opportunity for a rethinking of development practices. The emergent consensus about what resilience means within development practice will have important consequences both for development practitioners and the communities in which they work. Incorporating resilience thinking into development practice has the potential to radically...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Development; Food sovereignty; Human rights; Resilience; Social justice.
Ano: 2016

Resilient Management: Comments on "Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of Ecosystem Management" by S. R. Carpenter, W. A. Brock, and P. Hanson.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

The persistence of subsistence: qualitative social-ecological modeling of indigenous aquatic hunting and gathering in tropical Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barber, Marcus; Land and Water Flagship, CSIRO; marcus.barber@csiro.au; Jackson, Sue; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University; sue.jackson@griffith.edu.au; Dambacher, Jeffrey; Digital Productivity Flagship, CSIRO; Jeffrey.Dambacher@csiro.au; Finn, Marcus; Australian Fisheries Management Authority; Marcus.Finn@afma.gov.au.
Subsistence remains critical to indigenous people in settler-colonial states such as Australia, providing key foundations for indigenous identities and for wider state recognition. However, the drivers of contemporary subsistence are rarely fully articulated and analyzed in terms of likely changing conditions. Our interdisciplinary team combined past research experience gained from multiple sites with published literature to create two generalized qualitative models of the socio-cultural and environmental influences on indigenous aquatic subsistence in northern Australia.  One model focused on the longer term (inter-year to generational) persistence of subsistence at the community scale, the other model on shorter term (day to season) drivers of effort by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal people; Future scenarios; Natural resource management; Qualitative modelling; Subsistence fishing.
Ano: 2015

Theories, Computer Models, and Sustainable Futures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chi, Hsin; National Chung Hsing University; hsinchi@nchu.edu.tw.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001

How to Track Adaptation to Climate Change: A Typology of Approaches for National-Level Application
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ford, James D.; McGill University; james.ford@mcgill.ca; Berrang-Ford, Lea ; McGill University ; lea.berrangford@mcgill.ca; Lesnikowski, Alex; McGill University; alesnikowski@gmail.com; Barrera, Magda; McGill University ;; Heymann, S. Jody; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health ; jody.heymann@ph.ucla.edu.
The need to track climate change adaptation progress is being increasingly recognized but our ability to do the tracking is constrained by the complex nature of adaptation and the absence of measurable outcomes or indicators by which to judge if and how adaptation is occurring. We developed a typology of approaches by which climate change adaptation can be tracked globally at a national level. On the one hand, outcome-based approaches directly measure adaptation progress and effectiveness with reference to avoided climate change impacts. However, given that full exposure to climate change impacts will not happen for decades, alternative approaches focus on developing indicators or proxies by which adaptation can be monitored. These include systematic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation response; Adaptation tracking; Climate change adaptation; Evaluation; Indicators; Methodology; Monitoring; Outcome-based tracking  process-based tracking.
Ano: 2013

Resource Theft in Tropical Forest Communities: Implications for Non-timber Management, Livelihoods, and Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duchelle, Amy E.; University of Florida; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); a.duchelle@cgiar.org; Cronkleton, Peter; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.cronkleton@cgiar.org; Kainer, Karen A.; University of Florida; kkainer@ufl.edu; Gezan, Salvador; University of Florida; sgezan@ufl.edu.
Increased devolution of forest ownership and management rights to local control has the potential to promote both conservation and livelihood development in remote tropical regions. Such shifts in property rights, however, can generate conflicts, particularly when combined with rapidly increasing values of forest resources. We explored the phenomenon of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) theft in communities in Western Amazonia. Through interviews with 189 Brazil nut collectors in 12 communities in Bolivia and Brazil and participation in the 2006 and 2007 harvests, we quantified relative income derived from Brazil nuts, reported nut thefts, and nut collection and management practices. We found a much greater incidence of reported Brazil nut thefts in Pando,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bertholletia excelsa; Brazil nut; Community forest management; Land tenure; Non-timber forest products; NTFPs.
Ano: 2011

Evolution of Forest Systems: the Role of Biogeochemical Cycles in Determining Sustainable Forestry Practices
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Flueck, Werner T.; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina; Institute of Natural Resources Analysis, Universidad Atlantida Argentina; Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel; wtf@deerlab.org.
The exploitation of natural resources such as forests leads to sustainable forest management (SFM). The key question is how to define and parametrize &amp;#8220;sustainable use.&amp;#8221;  Promoting forest use that conserves spatial characteristics of forest landscapes and the structure and composition of forest stands was proposed as a way of maintaining elements of biodiversity such as species richness and genetic variation. However, to establish the parameter space for sustainable forest use, it is essential to consider the nutrient requirements of forest systems, that is, plants and animals, the need for fertilizer application, and the effects on biogeochemical cycles, a cornerstone of biological evolution and, thus, biodiversity. The use of forest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Biogeochemical cycle; Fertilizer; Macronutrients; Micronutrients; Phosphorus; Selenium; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2009

Conservation narratives in Peru: envisioning biodiversity in sustainable development
Provedor de dados: 7
In the mega-diverse country Peru, a resource intensive development model collides with the interest of conserving biodiversity. Peruvian biodiversity experts have developed different lines of argumentation as to how to integrate conservation into the sustainable development of their country.  Applying grounded theory, I define five groups of conservation narratives based on the analysis of 72 qualitative interviews with experts working in areas of biodiversity conservation. I have labeled them: biodiversity protectionists, biodiversity traditionalists, biodiversity localists, biodiversity pragmatists, and biodiversity capitalists. These groups are each discussed in connection with what they have to say about biodiversity in relation to human life,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental discourses; Extractivism; Latin America; Natural capital; Political ecology; Protected areas; Sustainability.
Ano: 2016

Boundary Work: Engaging Knowledge Systems in Co-management of Feral Animals on Indigenous Lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, Catherine J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; catherine.robinson@csiro.au; Wallington, Tabatha J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Tabatha.Wallington@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-benefits; Co-managed boundary work; Collaboration; Environmental governance; Feral animal management; Indigenous knowledge; Knowledge-action systems.
Ano: 2012

Understanding Fragmentation: Getting closer to 42
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bissonette, John; Utah State University; john.bissonette@usu.edu; Storch, Ilse; Wildlife Research and Management Unit, Technical University of Munich and Max Pl; ilse.storch@t-online.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbance metrics; Fragmentation; Pulsed resources; Spatial dynamics; Temporal dynamics.
Ano: 2003

Fit, Interplay, and Scale: A Diagnosis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vatn, Arild; Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; arild.vatn@umb.no; Vedeld, Paul; Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; pal.vedeld@umb.no.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2012

Public Preferences Across Europe for Different Forest Stand Types as Sites for Recreation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Edwards, David M.; Forest Research; david.edwards@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Jay, Marion; Institute of Forest and Environmental Policy, Albert-Ludwigs University; Marion.Jay@ifp.uni-freiburg.de; Jensen, Frank S.; Forest &amp; Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; fsj@life.ku.dk; Lucas, Beatriz; Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC); beatriz.lucas@ctfc.es; Marzano, Mariella ; Forest Research; mariella.marzano@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Peace, Andrew; Forest Research; andrew.peace@forestry.gsi.gov.uk; Weiss, Gerhard; Central East-European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute (EFICEEC); University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); gerhard.weiss@boku.ac.at.
A Delphi survey involving experts in forest preference research was carried out to derive scores for the recreational value of 240 forest stand types across Europe. The survey was organized around four regional panels: Great Britain, Nordic Region, Central Europe, and Iberia. In each region, 60 forest stand types were defined according to five forest management alternatives (FMAs) on a continuum of management intensity, four phases of development (establishment, young, medium, and adult), and three tree species types (conifer, broadleaved, and mixed stands of conifer and broadleaved). The resulting scores were examined using conjoint analysis to determine the relative importance of the three structural attributes (FMA, phase of development, and tree...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Delphi; Europe; Forest management; Public preference; Recreation; Structural attribute.
Ano: 2012

The Role of Participatory Modeling in Landscape Approaches to Reconcile Conservation and Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandker, Marieke; Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain; Marieke.Sandker@uam.es; Campbell, Bruce M.; Center for International Forestry Research,  Bogor, Indonesia; Challenge Program for Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; b.campbell@cgiar.org; Sayer, Jeffrey A.; International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland; Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia ; jeff.sayer@iucn.org; Cowling, Richard; Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; rmc@kingsley.co.za; Kassa, Habtemariam; Center for International Forestry Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; HKassa@cgiar.org; Knight, Andrew T.; Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; current affiliation: Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; tawnyfrogmouth@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation and development; Landscape approach; Multiple stakeholders; Natural resource policy; Participatory modeling; Systems modeling.
Ano: 2010

Large Gaps in Canopy Reduce Road Crossing by a Gliding Mammal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au; Cesarini, Silvana; Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University ;; Sunnucks, Paul; Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University ; paul.sunnucks@sci.monash.edu.au; Moore, Joslin L; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; joslinm@unimelb.edu.au; Taylor, Andrea; Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University ; Andrea.Taylor@sci.monash.edu.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Barrier; Canopy gap; Freeway; Gliders; Mitigation; Road crossing; Radio-tracking; Vegetated median.
Ano: 2010

Letting the managers manage: analyzing capacity to conserve biodiversity in a cross-border protected area network
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clement, Sarah; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences,  University of Liverpool ; Sarah.Clement@liverpool.ac.uk; Moore, Susan A; Environment and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University; S.Moore@murdoch.edu.au; Lockwood, Michael; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; Michael.Lockwood@utas.edu.au.
Biodiversity loss is one of the most significant drivers of ecosystem change and is projected to continue at a rapid rate. While protected areas, such as national parks, are seen as important refuges for biodiversity, their effectiveness in stemming biodiversity decline has been questioned. Public agencies have a critical role in the governance of many such areas, but there are tensions between the need for these agencies to be more &amp;#8220;adaptive&amp;#8221; and their current operating environment. Our aim is to analyze how institutions enable or constrain capacity to conserve biodiversity in a globally significant cross-border network of protected areas, the Australian Alps. Using a novel conceptual framework for diagnosing biodiversity institutions,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Australian Alps; Biodiversity conservation; Capacity; Institutions; Protected area management.
Ano: 2016

Pilot Projects in Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vreugdenhil, Heleen; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis Section; h.s.i.vreugdenhil@tudelft.nl; Slinger, Jill; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis Section ; j.h.slinger@tudelft.nl; Thissen, Wil; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis Section; w.a.h.thissen@tudelft.nl; Ker Rault, Philippe; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis Section; ker_rault@ndei.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Multi-Actor Context; Pilot Project Nonagon; Pilot Project Characteristics; Pilot Projects; Pilot Project Uses; Policy Development; Water Management; WINN.
Ano: 2010

Ecosystems and Immune Systems: Useful Analogy or Stretching a Metaphor?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological invasion; Ecosystems; Immune systems; Management; Metaphor; Sustainability.
Ano: 2001

Landscape Scenarios and Multifunctionality: Making Land Use Impact Assessment Operational
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helming, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); khelming@zalf.de.
Ex ante impact assessment can help in structuring the analysis of human-environment interactions thereby supporting land use decision making for sustainable development. The contributions to this special feature focus on some of the challenges of making land use impact assessment operational for policy making. A total of nine papers deal with the needs and uses of assessment tools for policy making at the European level, with the value-based influence in scenario development, and with ex ante impact assessment studies in different contexts, spatial systems, and for different purposes and user groups. The concept of landscape multifunctionality was implicitly or explicitly employed as an integrating entity between socioeconomic and biogeophysical features...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Landscape; Land use; Multifunctionality; Science-policy interface.
Ano: 2011

Getting a Purchase on Social Values: Further Commentary on Sustainability, A Marketing Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bromley, Peter; Pacific Institute for Social Change and Economic Sustainability (PISCES); pbsky@netrover.com.
Successful marketing of sustainability will proceed apace when we confront, and deal directly with, our social values. The tools are at hand.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Advertising; Environmental responsibility; Social change; Social values.
Ano: 2002

Biodiversity and Modernization in Four Coffee-producing Villages of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Potvin, Catherine; McGill University; catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca; Owen, Claire T; ;; Melzi, Said; ; melzi1@progression.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee farming; Ecological and socioeconomic variables; Ecological statistics; Mexico; Modernization; Plant richness; Traditional coffee garden.
Ano: 2005

A Peri-Urban Neotropical Forest Transition and its Consequences for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exotic species invasion; Forest transition; GIS; Land-use change; Subtropical Argentina; Urbanization; Watershed conservation; Yungas.
Ano: 2008

Deliberative Democracy, Institution Building, and the Pragmatics of Cumulative Effects Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Parkins, John R; University of Alberta; jparkins@ualberta.ca.
Cumulative effects assessment is a process of scientific analysis, social choice, and public policy development, yet the linkages among these domains are often less than transparent. Limits to scientific and technical assessment, issues of power and control of information, and episodic forms of civic engagement represent serious challenges to meaningful understanding of cumulative effects assessment and land-use planning. In articulating these challenges, I draw on case studies from Ontario's Lands for Life and Alberta's Land-use Framework to illustrate current limitations to cumulative effects assessment on public lands in Canada. As a partial remedy for these limitations, insights into a pragmatic approach to impact assessment, in contrast to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case study; Environmental sociology; Land-use Framework; Lands for Life; Regional planning; Social imaginary.
Ano: 2011

Adaptive Capacity as Cultural Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colombi, Benedict J.; University of Arizona; bcolombi@email.arizona.edu; Smith, Courtland L.; Oregon State University; csmith@oregonstate.edu.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Palavras-chave: Adaptability; Adaptive capacity; Grand Ronde Tribe; Resilience thinking; Transformability.
Ano: 2012

Bioenergy Sustainability at the Regional Scale
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dale, Virginia H; Oak Ridge National Lab; dalevh@ornl.gov; Lowrance, Richard; USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory; Richard.Lowrance@ars.usda.gov; Mulholland, Patrick; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; mulhollandpj@ornl.gov; Robertson, G Phillip; W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Robertson@kbs.msu.edu.
The establishment of bioenergy crops will affect ecological processes and their interactions and thus has an influence on ecosystem services provided by the lands on which these crops are grown. The regional-scale effects of bioenergy choices on ecosystem services need special attention because they often have been neglected yet can affect the ecological, social, and economic aspects of sustainability. A regional-scale perspective provides the opportunity to maximize ecosystem services, particularly with regard to water quality and quantity issues, and also to consider other aspects of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. We give special attention to cellulosic feedstocks because of the opportunities they provide.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy crops; Ecosystem services; Landscape; Management.
Ano: 2010

The Principles of Conservation and Development: Do They Apply in Malinau?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boedhihartono, A K; IUCN; Agni.Boedhihartono@iucn.org; Gunarso, Petrus; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.gunarso@cgiar.org; Levang, Patrice; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); patrice.levang@mpl.ird.fr; Sayer, Jeff; IUCN; jeff.sayer@iucn.org.
Attempts to reconcile economic development with environmental conservation in a forest area in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are reviewed for the district of Malinau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, an area of 42,000 km2 that is still largely covered in rainforest. The history of the region is described and the conservation and development impacts of external drivers of change are assessed. Both government and conservation organizations have subscribed to the rhetoric of pursuing development pathways that would be sustainable and would conserve the rich biodiversity of the area. Three distinct approaches to conservation have been attempted. First spatial planning has been used to attribute land to different uses and particularly to identify and designate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: East Kalimantan; Forest dependent peoples; Forest-based livelihoods; Indonesia; Landscape-scale conservation; Sustainable forest landscape management.
Ano: 2007

Asking the Right Question
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duke, Clifford; The Environmental Company, Inc.; csduke@tecinc.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Towards a Science of Ecological Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; slevin@eno.princeton.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive; Complex adaptive system; Heterogeneity; Non-equilibrium; Simulation.
Ano: 1999

Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Fa, John; Center for International Forestry Research; jfa949@gmail.com; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Despite the fact that sustainability of bushmeat hunting in tropical areas is of major concern for conservation and development practitioners, we still know very little about how to measure sustainability and how to put in place sustainable bushmeat hunting systems. We review the current limits of traditional methods used to investigate sustainability of bushmeat hunting, discuss the need to incorporate the characteristics of complex systems into sustainability assessments, and suggest how resilience theories could assist in understanding bushmeat sustainability and more effective conservation of wildlife in tropical areas. Traditional methods used to assess the sustainability of bushmeat hunting include demographic models of population growth, one-off...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Hunting; Resilience analysis; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability; Tropical areas.
Ano: 2015

Simulating Oil Palm Expansion Requires Credible Approaches that Address Real Issues
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dudley, Richard G; Independent Researcher; richard.dudley@attglobal.net; Sheil, Douglas; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); d.sheil@cgiar.org; Colfer, Carol; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); c.colfer@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: East Kalimantan; Indonesia; Modeling; Oil palm; System dynamics.
Ano: 2008

Introduction: conceptual, methodological, practical, and ethical challenges in studying and applying indigenous knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carothers, Courtney; University of Alaska Fairbanks; clcarothers@alaska.edu; Moritz, Mark; The Ohio State University; mark.moritz@gmail.com; Zarger, Rebecca; University of South Florida; rzarger@usf.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative methodology; Indigenous education; Indigenous knowledge; Indigenous knowledge change; Practice theory; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2014

How to successfully publish interdisciplinary research: learning from an Ecology and Society Special Feature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pohl, Christian; Transdisciplinarity Lab USYS TdLab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; Network for Transdisciplinary Research td-net, Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences; christian.pohl@env.ethz.ch; Wuelser, Gabriela; Network for Transdisciplinary Research td-net, Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences; gabriela.wuelser@scnat.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL-Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch; Bugmann, Harald; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch; Hirschi, Christian; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Le, Quang Bao; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; CGIAR Program in Dryland Systems; q.le@cgiar.org; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch; Seidl, Roman; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch.
What are the factors that hinder or support publishing interdisciplinary research? What does a successful interdisciplinary publishing process look like? We address these questions by analyzing the publishing process of the interdisciplinary research project titled &amp;#8220;Mountland.&amp;#8221; Project researchers published most of their main results as a Special Feature of Ecology and Society. Using the story wall method and qualitative content analysis, we identified ten factors contributing to the success or failure of publishing interdisciplinary research. They can be assigned to four groups of resources: scientific resources, i.e., previous joint research, simultaneously written manuscripts; human resources, i.e., coordination, flexibility,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Hindering and supporting factors; Interdisciplinary publishing; Mountland.
Ano: 2015

Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gotts, Nicholas M.; Macaulay Land Use Research Institute; n.gotts@macaulay.ac.uk.
The paper compares two ambitious conceptual structures. The first is the understanding of social-ecological systems developed around the term "resilience," and more recently the term "panarchy," in the work of Holling, Gunderson, and others. The second is Wallerstein's "world-systems" approach to analyzing hierarchical relationships between societies within global capitalism as developed and applied across a broader historical range by Chase-Dunn and others. The two structures have important common features, notably their multiscale explanatory framework, links with ideas concerning complex systems, and interest in cyclical phenomena. They also have important differences. It is argued that there are gaps in both sets of ideas that the other might remedy....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Cross-scale interaction; Panarchy; Population; Resilience; Technology; World-systems.
Ano: 2007

Social-Ecological Thresholds in a Changing Boreal Landscape: Insights from Cree Knowledge of the Lesser Slave Lake Region of Alberta, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Parlee, Brenda L; Univeresity of Alberta; bparlee@ualberta.ca; Geertsema, Karen ; University of Alberta; kag9@ualberta.ca; Willier, Allen; Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Ecosystem change; Monitoring; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2012

Viability and Risk Assessment in Species Restoration: Planning Reintroductions for the Wild Boar, a Potential Disease Reservoir
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ  Centre for Environmental Research; stephanie.kramer@ufz.de; Thulke, Hans-Hermann; UFZ  Centre for Environmental Research; hans.thulke@ufz.de.
The reintroduction of large mammals is often considered a priority conservation action in highly industrialized countries in which many of these species have been depleted. However, species reintroduction after decades of absence may involve important risks for human activities and ecological communities, such as favoring the spread of diseases. An example of a potentially troublesome reintroduction is the wild boar, which may act as a reservoir of diseases, e.g., classical swine fever, and cause high economic losses, and has become a species of concern in several European countries for both ecological and recreational reasons. Failure to prevent the disease consequences of species restoration can negate its conservation benefits. Here we evaluated the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Introduced species; Risk assessment; Rule-based habitat models; Spatially explicit population models; Species reintroduction; Sus scrofa; Wildlife diseases.
Ano: 2006

Multistakeholder environmental governance in action: REDD+ discourse coalitions in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rantala, Salla; University of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; salla.rantala@helsinki.fi; Di Gregorio, Monica ; University of Leeds; M.DiGregorio@leeds.ac.uk.
Balancing interests to achieve legitimate and effective policies is a primary and pressing challenge in countries&amp;#8217; efforts to prepare their national reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) strategies. Using Tanzania as a country case, we investigated the most polarizing policy discourses and assessed the influence of competing discourse coalitions on the drafting of the national REDD+ strategy. We combined discourse and social network analysis to identify discourse coalitions and assess their influence. The findings indicate that the national REDD+ strategy largely reflects the positions of the discourse coalition that is controlled by powerful state actors who support central control of REDD+ financial mechanisms....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Discourse coalitions; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis; Tanzania.
Ano: 2014

Changing U.S. Ocean Policy Can Set a New Direction for Marine Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rosenberg, Andrew A.; University of New Hampshire; andy.rosenberg@unh.edu.
A central concept in a new direction for ocean policy in the United States is ecosystem-based management, that is, implementation of management integrated across sectors of human activity to achieve the common goal of conserving the structure and function of marine ecosystems to provide a full suite of ecosystem services. Fisheries are a critical sector of ocean activity that impacts these ecosystems, and fishery management is in urgent need of reform to perform better from a conservation perspective. Here, I suggest some specific changes in perspective for fishery management as part of an overall ecosystem-based approach.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Marine conservation; Ocean policy.
Ano: 2009

Shorter Fallow Cycles Affect the Availability of Noncrop Plant Resources in a Shifting Cultivation System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dalle, Sarah Paule; Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University; sarah.dalle@mail.mcgill.ca; de Blois, Sylvie; Department of Plant Science and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; sylvie.deblois@mcgill.ca.
Shifting cultivation systems, one of the most widely distributed forms of agriculture in the tropics, provide not only crops of cultural significance, but also medicinal, edible, ritual, fuel, and forage resources, which contribute to the livelihoods, health, and cultural identity of local people. In many regions across the globe, shifting cultivation systems are undergoing important changes, one of the most pervasive being a shortening of the fallow cycle. Although there has been much attention drawn to declines in crop yields in conjunction with reductions in fallow times, little if any research has focused on the dynamics of noncrop plant resources.   In this paper, we use a data set of 26 fields of the same age, i.e., ~1.5 yr, but differing in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural intensification; Ethnobotany; Fuelwood; Land-use change; Mexico; Milpa; Quintana Roo; Resource scarcity; Slash-and-burn; Swidden agriculture; Tropical succession; Wild plant resources; Yucatec Maya.
Ano: 2006

Rehabilitation of an Incised Stream Using Plant Materials: the Dominance of Geomorphic Processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shields, Jr., F. Douglas; USDA ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory; doug.shields@ars.usda.gov; Pezeshki, S. Reza; University of Memphis; pezeshki22@yahoo.com; Wilson, Glen V.; USDA ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory; GVWilson@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; Wu, Weiming; University of Mississippi National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering; wuwm@ncche.olemiss.edu; Dabney, Seth M.; USDA ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory; sdabney@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov.
The restoration of potentially species-rich stream ecosystems in physically unstable environments is challenging, and few attempts have been evaluated scientifically. Restoration approaches that involve living and dead native vegetation are attractive economically and from an ecological standpoint. A 2-km reach of an incised, sand-bed stream in northern Mississippi was treated with large wood structures and willow plantings to trigger responses that would result in increasing similarity with a lightly degraded reference stream. Experimental approaches for stream bank and gully stabilization were also examined. Although the project was initially successful in producing improved aquatic habitat, after 4 yr it had failed to effectively address issues related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biotechnical stabilization; Erosion; Fish community structure; Gullies; Large wood; Physical aquatic habitat; Stream restoration; Willows.
Ano: 2008

Understanding Complex Human Ecosystems: The Case of Ecotourism on Bonaire
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Thomas; National Taipei University; tabel@mail.ntpu.edu.tw.
It is suggested that ecotourism development on the island of Bonaire can be productively understood as a perturbation of a complex human ecosystem. Inputs associated with ecotourism have fueled transformations of the island ecology and sociocultural system. The results of this study indicate that Bonaire's social and economic hierarchy is approaching a new, stable systems state following a 50-yr transition begun by government and industry that stabilized with the appearance of ecotourism development and population growth. Ecotourism can be understood to have "filled in" the middle of the production hierarchy of Bonaire. Interpreted from this perspective, population growth has completed the transformation by expanding into production niches at smaller...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bonaire; Complex systems; Cultural evolution; Ecological economics; Ecosystems; Emergy; Human demography; Political ecology; Social structure; Sociocultural systems; World systems.
Ano: 2003

Integration of Regional Mitigation Assessment and Conservation Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thorne, James H; Information Center for the Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis; jhthorne@ucdavis.edu; Huber, Patrick R; Information Center for the Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis; prhuber@ucdavis.edu; Girvetz, Evan H; College of Forest Resources, University of Washington; girvetz@u.washington.edu; Quinn, Jim; Information Center for the Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis; jfquinn@ucdavis.edu; McCoy, Michael C; Information Center for the Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis; mcmccoy@ucdavis.edu.
Government agencies that develop infrastructure such as roads, waterworks, and energy delivery often impact natural ecosystems, but they also have unique opportunities to contribute to the conservation of regional natural resources through compensatory mitigation. Infrastructure development requires a planning, funding, and implementation cycle that can frequently take a decade or longer, but biological mitigation is often planned and implemented late in this process, in a project-by-project piecemeal manner. By adopting early regional mitigation needs assessment and planning for habitat-level impacts from multiple infrastructure projects, agencies could secure time needed to proactively integrate these obligations into regional conservation objectives....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: California; Conservation planning; Greenprint; MARXAN; Regional mitigation assessment; Transportation planning.
Ano: 2009

Integrating Ecosystem Management, Protected  Areas, and Mammal Conservation in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Azevedo-Ramos, Claudia; IPAM-Amazon Institute of Environmental Research; c.azevedoramos@terra.com.br; do Amaral, Benedito Domingues; IPAM-Amazon Institute of Environmental Research; beneditoamaral@ipam.org.br; Nepstad, Daniel C.; The Woods Hole Research Center; dnepstad@whrc.org; Soares Filho, Britaldo; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; britaldo@csr.ufmg.br; Nasi, Robert; Center of International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Brazilian Amazon; Distribution ranges; Mammal  species; Protected areas.
Ano: 2006

Integrating Ecological and Social Ranges of Variability in Conservation of Biodiversity: Past, Present, and Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duncan, Sally L.; Institute for Natural Resources, Oregon State University; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu; McComb, Brenda C; University of Masschusetts-Amherst; brenda.mccomb@oregonstate.edu; Johnson, K. Norman; College of Forestry, Oregon State University; norm.johnson@oregonstate.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forests; Future range of variability; Historical range of variability; Social acceptability; Social range of variability.
Ano: 2010

Emergence Unites Ecology and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trosper, Ronald L; University of British Columbia; Ronald.Trosper@ubc.ca.
The effort to combine analysis of ecosystems and social systems requires a firm theoretical basis. When humans are present in an ecosystem, their actions affect emergent structures; this paper examines forms of emergence that account for the presence of humans. Humans monitor and regulate ecosystems based on their cultural systems. Cultural systems consist of concepts linked in complicated ways that can form consistent world views, can contain inconsistencies, and may or may not accurately model the properties of a social&amp;#8211;ecological system. Consequently, human monitoring and regulating processes will differ, depending on cultural systems. Humans, as agents, change or maintain pre-existing material and cultural emergent structures. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Analytical dualism; Complexity; Critical realism; Ecological economics; Emergence; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Sustainability.
Ano: 2005

Enabling the Contextualization of Legal Rules in Responsive Strategies to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Rijswick, Marleen; ; H.vanRijswick@law.uu.nl; Salet, Willem ; ; w.g.m.salet@uva.nl.
The paradigm of adaptive governance is paramount in policy discourses on the mitigation and adaptation strategies of climate change. Adaptability, resilience, and cooperative approaches are promoted as the appropriate vehicles to meet the contemporary conditions of uncertainty and complexity. We claim that the legitimacy and effectiveness of these responsive strategies might be augmented via the use of legal perspectives. Rather than the instrumental use of command and control type of regulation, the legal perspectives should focus on establishing principal norms that enable the search for different solutions in different contexts. From these assumptions, the concept of legal obligation is explored as embodying the meaning of legality, and at the same time...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Climate change; Contextualization of legal norms; Planning and law; Resilience.
Ano: 2012

Deciding Where to Burn: Stakeholder Priorities for Prescribed Burning of a Fire-Dependent Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Costanza, Jennifer K.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; currently: North Carolina State University; jennifer_costanza@ncsu.edu; Moody, Aaron; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; aaronm@email.unc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative conservation; Fire management; Longleaf pine; Management liability; Risk; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface.
Ano: 2011

Mapping social values of ecosystem services: What is behind the map?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rojas, Fernanda; Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Austral de Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile; fernanda.rojas@uach.cl; Carmona, Alejandra; Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2); acarmonas@gmail.com.
A growing interest in mapping the social value of ecosystem services (ES) is not yet methodologically aligned with what is actually being mapped. We critically examine aspects of the social value mapping process that might influence map outcomes and limit their practical use in decision making. We rely on an empirical case of participatory mapping, for a single ES (recreation opportunities), which involves diverse stakeholders such as planners, researchers, and community representatives. Value elicitation relied on an individual open-ended interview and a mapping exercise. Interpretation of the narratives and GIS calculations of proximity, centrality, and dispersion helped in exploring the factors driving participants&amp;#8217; answers. Narratives reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cultural ecosystem services; Recreation opportunities; Social value mapping; Southern Chile.
Ano: 2016

How Multilevel Societal Learning Processes Facilitate Transformative Change:  A Comparative Case Study Analysis on Flood Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Becker, Gert; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; gert.becker@ivm.vu.nl; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; sendzim@iiasa.ac.at.
Sustainable resources management requires a major transformation of existing resource governance and management systems. These have evolved over a long time under an unsustainable management paradigm, e.g., the transformation from the traditionally prevailing technocratic flood protection toward the holistic integrated flood management approach. We analyzed such transformative changes using three case studies in Europe with a long history of severe flooding: the Hungarian Tisza and the German and Dutch Rhine. A framework based on societal learning and on an evolutionary understanding of societal change was applied to identify drivers and barriers for change. Results confirmed the importance of informal learning and actor networks and their connection to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Comparative analysis; Integrated flood protection; Rhine; Societal learning; Tisza; Transformative change; Water governance.
Ano: 2013

The influence of socioeconomic factors on traditional knowledge: a cross scale comparison of palm use in northwestern South America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bussmann, Rainer W; William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; rainer.bussmann@mobot.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arecaceae; Indigenous communities; Livelihood; Quantitative ethnobotany; Traditional ecological knowledge; Tropical rainforests.
Ano: 2014

Bridges and Barriers to Developing and Conducting Interdisciplinary Graduate-Student Team Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Wayde Cameron; University of Idaho; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center; morsewc@auburn.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; University of Idaho;; Force, Jo Ellen; University of Idaho;; Wulfhorst, J. D.; University of Idaho;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Integration; Interdisciplinary; Team research; Sustainability; Biodiversity; Graduate education; Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship; University of Idaho; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE).
Ano: 2007

Wildlife Tunnel Enhances Population Viability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au; Heinze, Dean; Department of Primary Industries and Water; Dean.Heinze@dpiw.tas.gov.au; McCarthy, Michael; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; mamcca@unimelb.edu.au; Mansergh, Ian; Department of Sustainability and Environment; ian.mansergh@dse.vic.gov.au.
Roads and traffic are pervasive components of landscapes throughout the world: they cause wildlife mortality, disrupt animal movements, and increase the risk of extinction. Expensive engineering solutions, such as overpasses and tunnels, are increasingly being adopted to mitigate these effects. Although some species readily use such structures, their success in preventing population extinction remains unknown. Here, we use population viability modeling to assess the effectiveness of tunnels for the endangered Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) in Australia. The underpasses reduced, but did not completely remove, the negative effects of a road. The expected minimum population size of a &amp;#8220;reconnected&amp;#8221; population remained 15% lower...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Barrier effect; Burramys; Population-level impacts; Population viability analysis; Road ecology; Underpass; Wildlife crossing structure.
Ano: 2009

Regional Responses to Global Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Can sense-making tools inform adaptation policy?  A practitioner&amp;#8217;s perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milne, Kyla M. G.; Nova Scotia Environment; milnekm@gov.ns.ca.
As governments struggle to find solutions to complex problems like climate change, policy makers look for tools that can capture complexity and elicit insight.  I explored the application of one such tool, known as &amp;#8220;SenseMaker,&amp;#8221; in helping Canadian policy makers understand the factors that enable or hinder climate change adaptation in Canada.  I have reflected on the usefulness of SenseMaker and of a multiperspective, multimethod approach to investigating perceptions and experiences of adaptation.  The challenges and advantages of applying this analysis in government were explored, and data findings assessed for their impact on policy.  Findings showed that although the approach has promise, further work and testing are needed before...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Complexity; SenseMaker; Sense making; Social psychology; Wicked problems.
Ano: 2015

Learning in Adaptive Management: Insights from Published Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@nmmu.ac.za; Cundill, Georgina; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; georgina.cundill@gmail.com.
Adaptive management is often advocated as a solution to understanding and managing complexity in social-ecological systems. Given the centrality of learning in adaptive management, it remains unclear how learning in adaptive management is understood to occur, who learns, what they learn about, and how they learn.  We conducted a systematic review using the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, and searched specifically for examples of the practical implementation of adaptive management between 2011 and 2013, i.e., excluding articles that suggested frameworks, models, or recommendations for future action.  This provided a subset of 22 papers that were analyzed using five elements: the aims of adaptive management as stated in each paper; the reported achievements...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biological conservation; Ecosystem management; Governance; Social learning.
Ano: 2014

A message from magic to science: seeing how the brain can be tricked may strengthen our thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Westley, Frances R; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; van Esso, Miguel L.; College of Agriculture, Buenos Aires University; vanesso@agro.uba.ar; Miller, John; Gray Jay Graphics, Wisconsin; grayjayart@charter.net; Bascompte, Jordi; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich; jordi.bascompte@ieu.uzh.ch.
Scientific discoveries rely on creative thinking, and several authors have explored similarities in and differences between creativity in the sciences and that in the arts. Here we explore possible ways in which science can learn from the arts, focusing specifically on experiences derived from the art of magic and on the limitations of human cognition. Generations of stage magicians or &amp;#8220;illusionists&amp;#8221; have made sophisticated use of the weaknesses in human systems of perception and interpretation. We highlight three important principles of magic tricks, including: (1) the audience see what it expects, (2) it is blind to all but the focus of attention, and (3) ideas spring predictably from a primed mind. These principles highlight a number...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Art; Cognitive capacity; Cognitive limitations; Conclusion errors; Confirmation bias; Creative thinking; Illusion; Illusionist; Inattentive blindness; Magic; Magician; Priming; Science; Scientific discovery; Selective attention.
Ano: 2015

The Problem of Fit between Ecosystems and Institutions: Ten Years Later
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Pritchard, Jr., Lowell; Evangelical Environmental Network; rusty@creationcare.org; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Colding, Johan; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; johanc@beijer.kva.se; Svedin, Uno; Swedish Research Council for the Environment; uno.svedin@formas.se.
The problem of fit is about the interplay between the human and ecosystem dimensions in social-ecological systems that are not just linked but truly integrated. This interplay takes place across temporal and spatial scales and institutional and organizational levels in systems that are increasingly being interpreted as complex adaptive systems. In 1997, we were invited to produce one of three background papers related to a, at that time, new initiative called Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDEG), a research activity of the International Human Dimensions Program of Global Environmental Change (IHDP). The paper, which exists as a discussion paper of the IHDP, has generated considerable interest. Here we publish the original paper 10...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Ano: 2007

Disentangling Scale Approaches in Governance Research: Comparing Monocentric, Multilevel, and Adaptive Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Termeer, Catrien J.A.M.; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl; Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; art.dewulf@wur.nl; Lieshout, Maartje van; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; maartje.vanlieshout@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Levels; Monocentric governance; Multilevel governance; Scale mismatch; Scaling.
Ano: 2010

The Role of Governance in Agricultural Expansion and Intensification: a Global Study of Arable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mandemaker, Menno; Chairgroup of Land Dynamics, Wageningen University; menno.mandemaker@wur.nl; Bakker, Martha; Chairgroup of Land Dynamics, Wageningen University; Martha.bakker@wur.nl; Stoorvogel, Jetse; Chairgroup of Land Dynamics, Wageningen University; jetse.stoorvogel@wur.nl.
In this research we studied empirical relationships between agricultural production dynamics and six quantitative World Bank governance indicators for 173 countries between 1975 and 2007. It is hypothesized that in countries with lower quality of governance, agricultural production increases are more likely to be achieved by area expansions than by increases in yields. We distinguished four groups of countries: those with both area and yield increases; those with increasing yields but decreasing area; those with decreasing yields but a growing area; and those with both declines in yields and area. We analyzed differences between these four groups, and also analyzed governance-production relationships within these groups. On average, quality of governance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cropland; Development; Empirical; Farming; Governance; Intensification.
Ano: 2011

Using Consensus Analysis to Assess Mental Models about Water Use and Management in the Crocodile River Catchment, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stone-Jovicich, Samantha S; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Townsville; samantha.stone-jovicich@csiro.au; Lynam, Timothy; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Townsville; tim.lynam@csiro.au; Leitch, Anne; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Brisbane; ARC CoE Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; anne.leitch@csiro.au; Jones, Natalie A; University of Queensland, School of Rural and Natural Systems Management; n.jones3@uq.edu.au.
The content, structure, and distribution of mental models can be elicited and measured using a variety of methods. In this article we explore a method for eliciting mental models within the context of water use and management in South Africa. This method is consensus analysis, a technique developed in cognitive anthropology.  We used it to analyze qualitative data from semistructured interviews, pilesorts, and questionnaires to test quantitatively the degree of sharing and diversity of mental models within and across social groups. The consensus analysis method focused on comparing the mental models of two key stakeholder groups in the Crocodile River catchment in South Africa, i.e., conservationists and irrigators, to better understand the level of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consensus analysis; Mental models; South Africa; Water management.
Ano: 2011

Linking Hunter Knowledge with Forest Change to Understand Changing Deer Harvest Opportunities in Intensively Logged Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brinkman, Todd J; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; fttjb2@uaf.edu; Chapin, Terry; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu; Kofinas, Gary; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; ffgpk@uaf.edu; Person, David K; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; david.person@alaska.gov.
The effects of landscape changes caused by intensive logging on the availability of wild game are important when the harvest of wild game is a critical cultural practice, food source, and recreational activity. We assessed the influence of extensive industrial logging on the availability of wild game by drawing on local knowledge and ecological science to evaluate the relationship between forest change and opportunities to harvest Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. We used data collected through interviews with local deer hunters and GIS analysis of land cover to determine relationships among landscape change, hunter access, and habitat for deer hunting over the last 50 yr. We then used these...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Access; Forest change; Hunting; Local knowledge; Logging; Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis; Sitka black-tailed deer; Subsistence.
Ano: 2009

Steps toward a shared governance response for achieving Good Environmental Status in the Mediterranean Sea
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinnirella, Sergio; CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; s.cinnirella@iia.cnr.it; Brennan, Ruth; The Scottish Association for Marine Science; ruth.brennan@sams.ac.uk; Barausse, Alberto; University of Padova; alberto.barausse@unipd.it; Icely, John; University of Algarve; john.icely@gmail.com; Luisetti, Tiziana; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; tiziana.luisetti@cefas.co.uk; Newton, Alice; University of Algarve; anewton@ualg.pt; O'Higgins, Tim; The Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Higgins@sams.ac.uk; Palmeri, Luca; University of Padova; lpalmeri@unipd.it; Palmieri, Maria Giovanna; University of East Anglia; M.G.Palmieri@uea.ac.uk; Raux, Pascal; University of Western Brittany; pascal.raux@univ-brest.fr; Rees, Sian; University of Plymouth; sian.rees@plymouth.ac.uk; Pirrone, Nicola; CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; pirrone@iia.cnr.it; Turner, Kerry; University of East Anglia; r.k.turner@uea.ac.uk.
The Mediterranean region is of fundamental importance to Europe given its strategic position. The responsibility for its overall ecosystem integrity is shared by European Union Member States (EU-MS) and other Mediterranean countries. A juxtaposition of overlapping governance instruments occurred recently in the region, with the implementation of both the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) for EU-MS and the Ecosystem Approach Strategy (ECAP) for all Mediterranean countries, including EU-MS. Both MSFD and ECAP are structured around vision-driven processes to achieve Good Environmental Status and a Healthy Environment, respectively. These processes have clear ecosystem-based, integrated policy objectives to guarantee the preservation and integrity of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem approach; Environmental status; Governance; Legislation implementation; Marine environment; Mediterranean; Shared vision.
Ano: 2014

Immune Systems and Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; slevin@eno.princeton.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex adaptive systems; Ecosystem management; Immune systems; Normative behavior.
Ano: 2001

Pausing at the Brink of Interdisciplinarity: Power and Knowledge at the Meeting of Social and Biophysical Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: MacMynowski, Dena P; Stanford University; macmynowski@stanford.edu.
Interdisciplinary environmental research has been deemed essential to addressing the dynamics of coupled social-biophysical systems. Although decades of scholarship in science and technology studies (STS) take the analysis of interdisciplinarity out of the realm of anecdote, there is almost no overlap between this literature and discussions of interdisciplinarity in ecology-oriented journals. The goals of researchers in these areas are quite different, and thus far, their analyses of interdisciplinarity have been incommensurate with each other's purposes. To introduce an STS perspective into how environmental scientists think about interdisciplinarity, I argue that biophysical and social scientists are not just bringing information and different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinarity; Philosophy of science; Power; Power/knowledge; Social-biophysical systems; Research methods; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2007

Why Did the Snake Cross the Road? Effects of Roads on Movement and Location of Mates by Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shine, Richard; University of Sydney; rics@bio.usyd.edu.au; Lemaster, Michael; ; lemasterm@mail.science.orst.edu; Wall, Michael; ; mwall@bio.usyd.edu.au; Langkilde, Tracy; ; langkild@bio.usyd.edu.au; Mason, Robert; ; masonr@science.oregonstate.edu.
If animals avoid road surfaces or are unable to follow conspecific trails across such surfaces, previously continuous populations may be fragmented. We gathered data on the effects of a small (4-m wide) gravel road on the behavior and trail-following abilities of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in Manitoba, central Canada. As expected, the road surface had less vegetation cover, a more open canopy and, thus, higher incident radiation than did the surrounding grassland. Contrary to expectations, however, substrate temperatures were lower on the road than in its surrounds, because of the higher reflectivity of the road's surface. On a nearby asphalt road, substrate temperatures were relatively high on the road surface only in the evening, as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavior; Connectivity; Habitat fragmentation; Pheromones; Reproduction; Reptile.
Ano: 2004

Resilience and development: mobilizing for transformation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bousquet, Francois; CIRAD, UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France ; francois.bousquet@cirad.fr; Alinovi, Luca; Global Resilience Partnership, Nairobi, Kenya; luca.alinovi@gmail.com; Barreteau, Olivier; IRSTEA, UMR G-EAU, France; olivier.barreteau@irstea.fr; Bossio, Deborah; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya; d.bossio@cgiar.org; Brown, Katrina; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK; katrina.brown@exeter.ac.uk; Caron, Patrick; CIRAD, DGDRS, F-34398 Montpellier, France; patrick.Caron@cirad.fr; d'Errico, Marco; FAO, Rome, Italy; Marco.DErrico@fao.org; DeClerck, Fabrice; Bioversity International, Montpellier, France ; f.declerck@cgiar.org; Enfors Kautsky, Elin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; elin.enfors@su.se; Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@nmmu.ac.za; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;  Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Fortmann, Louise; UC Berkeley, USA; louisef@berkeley.edu; Hubert, Bernard; INRA, France; bernard.hubert@avignon.inra.fr; Norgaard, Richard B.; University of California at Berkeley, USA; norgaard@igc.org; Quinlan, Allyson; Resilience Alliance; aquinlan@resalliance.org; Staver, Charles; Bioversity International, Montpellier, France; c.staver@cgiar.org.
In 2014, the Third International Conference on the resilience of social-ecological systems chose the theme &amp;#8220;resilience and development: mobilizing for transformation.&amp;#8221; The conference aimed specifically at fostering an encounter between the experiences and thinking focused on the issue of resilience through a social and ecological system perspective, and the experiences focused on the issue of resilience through a development perspective. In this perspectives piece, we reflect on the outcomes of the meeting and document the differences and similarities between the two perspectives as discussed during the conference, and identify bridging questions designed to guide future interactions. After the conference, we read the documents...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Development; Perspective; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2016

Consilient knowledge in fisheries: a case study of three species of wolffish (Anarhichadidae) listed under the Canadian Species at Risk Act
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dawe, Jennifer; Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador; jennifer.dawe@gmail.com; Schneider, David; Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador; David.Schneider@mun.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Bycatch; Fishery surveys; Local ecological knowledge; Species at risk; Wolffish.
Ano: 2014

Birds and the City: Urban Biodiversity, Land Use, and Socioeconomics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Strohbach, Michael W; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; michael.strohbach@ufz.de; Haase, Dagmar; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; dagmar.haase@ufz.de; Kabisch, Nadja; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; nadja.kabisch@ufz.de.
We examined bird diversity in relation to land use and socioeconomic indicators in Leipzig, Germany. We used neighborhood diversity (ND) and bivariate correlation to show that the potential to experience biodiversity in a city is associated with population density, household income, unemployment, and urban green space. People living in urban districts with high socioeconomic status experience the highest species richness around their homes, whereas lower social status increases the chance of living in species-poor neighborhoods. High-status districts are located along forests, parks, and rivers that have a high quantity and quality of green space. However, green space in general does not guarantee high bird diversity. We conclude that bird diversity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Human-environment interaction; Neighborhood diversity; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2009

Understanding Adaptive Capacity in Forest Governance: Editorial
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Boreal; Forest; Governance.
Ano: 2013

Effects of social change on wildlife consumption taboos in northeastern Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Golden, Christopher D; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health; Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health &amp; Health Policy, HEAL (Health &amp; Ecosystems: Analysis of Linkages) Program; golden@hsph.harvard.edu; Comaroff, Jean; Departments of African and African American Studies and Anthropology, Harvard University; jeancomaroff@fas.harvard.edu.
In Madagascar, the constellation of taboos serves as a form of informal regulatory institution and is foundational to Malagasy culture, regardless of class, ethnic group affiliation, and educational background. Many researchers have credited rapid social change as a crucial mechanism for disturbing taboos. Others suggest that taboos are innately historical. However, very little empirical research has assessed the effects of social change on taboos or quantified the stability of taboo systems over time. Here, we use a case study of the ensemble of taboos in northeastern Madagascar, still a critical aspect of social life there, as a lens through which we investigate its degree of stability over time. Our aim was: (1) to describe the food taboos of local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Conservation policy; Cultural change; Hunting; Immigration; Migration; Modernization; Religion; Wildlife.
Ano: 2015

A Biodiversity Informatics Approach to Ethnobotany:  Meta-analysis of Plant Use Patterns in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Balslev, Henrik; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University; henrik.balslev@biology.au.dk; Borchsenius, Finn; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University; finn.borchsenius@biology.au.dk.
We explored the relative importance of ecosystem diversity, socioeconomic, environmental, and geographical factors in determining the pattern and diversity of people&amp;#8217;s plant use in Ecuador, based on existing ethnobotanic investigations and a large database of georeferenced plant collections. For each of 40 communities, we determined the number of plants used and their distribution among 12 use categories. Plant species richness of the ecosystem surrounding each village was determined using herbarium data and rarefaction. Variation in socioeconomic, environmental, and geographical indicator variables at the community level was summarized using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data were then analyzed using multiple regression and ordination...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem diversity; Human&amp;#8211; Plant interaction; Plant species richness; Socioeconomic  environmental  and geographical factors.
Ano: 2012

Sweet, Sticky, and Sustainable Social Business
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ingram, Verina; Centre for International Forestry Research; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; v.ingram@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Apiculture; Cameroon; Nontimber forest products (NTFPs); Poverty; Value chain.
Ano: 2011

Network approaches for understanding rainwater management from a social-ecological systems perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prager, Steven D.; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); s.prager@cgiar.org; Pfeifer, Catherine; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); c.pfeifer@cgiar.org.
The premise of this research is to better understand how approaches to implementing rainwater management practices can be informed by understanding how the people living and working in agroecosystems are connected to one another. Because these connections are via both social interactions and functional characteristics of the landscape, a social-ecological network emerges. Using social-ecological network theory, we ask how understanding the structure of interactions can lead to improved rainwater management interventions. Using a case study situated within a small sub-basin in the Fogera area of the Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia, we build networks of smallholders based both on the biophysical and social-institutional landscapes present in the study site, with...
Tipo: NON-REFEREED
Palavras-chave: Network theory; Social-ecological network; Social-ecological systems; Spatial data; Spatial resilience; Watershed management.
Ano: 2015

Factors Contributing to the Cultural and Spatial Variability of Landscape Burning by Native Peoples of Interior Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Natcher, David C.; Memorial University of Newfoundland; dnatcher@mun.ca; Calef, Monika; State University of New York, Albany;; Huntington, Orville; Alaska Native Science Commission; o.huntington@att.net; Trainor, Sarah; University of Alaska Fairbanks; fnsft@uaf.edu; Huntington, Henry P.; Huntington Consulting; hph@alaska.net; Rupp, Scott; University of Alaska Fairbanks; scott.rupp@uaf.edu; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2007

Anticipating Vulnerability to Climate Change in Dryland Pastoral Systems: Using Dynamic Systems Models for the Kalahari
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dougill, Andrew J; University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan  D.G.; University of Leeds; evan@env.leeds.ac.uk; Reed, Mark  S.; University of Aberdeen; m.reed@abdn.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Climate change; Drought sensitivity; Dynamic systems modelling; Kalahari; Pastoral farming; Vulnerability pathways.
Ano: 2010

Linking Ecosystem Health Indicators and Collaborative Management: a Systematic Framework to Evaluate Ecological and Social Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sisk, Thomas D.; Northern Arizona University; Thomas.Sisk@nau.edu.
Collaborative management has gained popularity across the United States as a means of addressing the sustainability of mixed-ownership landscapes and resolving persistent conflicts in public lands management. At the same time, it has generated skepticism because its ecological and social outcomes are seldom measured. Evaluating the success of collaborative efforts is difficult because frameworks to assess on-the-ground outcomes are poorly developed or altogether lacking. Ecosystem health indicators are valuable tools for evaluating site-specific outcomes of collaboration based on the effects of collaboration on ecological and socioeconomic conditions. We present the holistic ecosystem health indicator, a promising framework for evaluating the outcomes of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative management; Holistic ecosystem health indicator; Northern Arizona rangeland; Outcome evaluation; Participatory approach; Socio-ecological systems; Sustainability.
Ano: 2007

The Role of Informal Protected Areas in Maintaining Biodiversity in the Western Ghats of India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bhagwat, Shonil A; Natural History Museum, London; S.Bhagwat@nhm.ac.uk; Kushalappa, Cheppudira G; University of Agricultural Sciences College of Forestry; kushalcg@sancharnet.in; Williams, Paul H; Natural History Museum, London; P.Williams@nhm.ac.uk; Brown, Nick D; University of Oxford; nick.brown@plants.ox.ac.uk.
Although it is widely believed that an important function of protected areas is to conserve species that are unable to survive elsewhere, there are very few empirical studies in which a comparison is made between biodiversity of protected areas and that of the cultivated landscape surrounding them. We examined the diversity of trees, birds, and macrofungi at 58 sites in three land-use types in a tree-covered landscape in Kodagu district in the Western Ghats of India. Ten forest reserve sites in the formal protected area, and 25 sacred groves and 23 coffee plantations in the neighboring cultivated landscape were sampled. A total of 215 tree, 86 bird, and 163 macrofungus species were recorded. The forest reserve had a large number of trees that were...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Endemic and threatened species; Medicinal plants; Non-timber forest products; Protected areas; Sacred groves; Western Ghats of India.
Ano: 2005

Emergent transformation games: exploring social innovation agency and activation through the case of the Belgian electricity blackout threat
Provedor de dados: 7
The persistence of current societal problems has given rise to a quest for transformative social innovations. As social innovation actors seek to become change makers, it has been suggested that they need to play into impactful macrodevelopments or &amp;#8220;game-changers&amp;#8221;. Here, we aim to deepen the understanding of the social innovation agency in these transformation games. We analyze assumptions about the game metaphor, invoking insights from actor-network theory. The very emergence of transformation games is identified as a crucial but easily overlooked issue. As explored through the recent electricity blackout threat in Belgium, some current transformation games are populated with largely passive players. This illustrative case demonstrates...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Actor network theory; Electricity grid; Enrolment; Game-changers; Social innovation; Transformation.
Ano: 2016

Uncertainty as Information: Narrowing the Science-policy Gap
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bradshaw, G. A.; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) and  USDA Forest S; bradshaw@nceas.ucsb.edu; Borchers, Jeffrey G; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University; borcherj@ucs.orst.edu.
Conflict and indecision are hallmarks of environmental policy formulation. Some argue that the requisite information and certainty fall short of scientific standards for decision making; others argue that science is not the issue and that indecisiveness reflects a lack of political willpower. One of the most difficult aspects of translating science into policy is scientific uncertainty. Whereas scientists are familiar with uncertainty and complexity, the public and policy makers often seek certainty and deterministic solutions. We assert that environmental policy is most effective if scientific uncertainty is incorporated into a rigorous decision-theoretic framework as knowledge, not ignorance. The policies that best utilize scientific findings are defined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision making; Environmental policy; Global climate change; Monitoring; Risk; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000

Factors Influencing Adaptive Capacity in the Reorganization of Forest Management in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beier, Colin; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry; cbeier@esf.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Inertia; Organizational change; Rigidity traps; Timber sale planning; Tongass National Forest.
Ano: 2011

Public Participation in Scientific Research: a Framework for Deliberate Design
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shirk, Jennifer L.; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; jls223@cornell.edu; Ballard, Heidi L.; University of California Davis, School of Education; hballard@ucdavis.edu; Wilderman, Candie C.; Environmental Studies Department, Dickinson College; wilderma@dickinson.edu; Phillips, Tina; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; cbp6@cornell.edu; Wiggins, Andrea; DataONE, University of New Mexico; awiggins@syr.edu; Jordan, Rebecca; Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources; jordan@aesop.rutgers.edu; McCallie, Ellen; Carnegie Museum of Natural History; MccallieE@carnegiemnh.org; Minarchek, Matthew; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; mjm564@cornell.edu; Lewenstein, Bruce V; Department of Communication, Cornell University; bvl1@cornell.edu; Krasny, Marianne  E; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu; Bonney, Rick; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; reb5@cornell.edu.
Members of the public participate in scientific research in many different contexts, stemming from traditions as varied as participatory action research and citizen science. Particularly in conservation and natural resource management contexts, where research often addresses complex social&amp;#8211;ecological questions, the emphasis on and nature of this participation can significantly affect both the way that projects are designed and the outcomes that projects achieve. We review and integrate recent work in these and other fields, which has converged such that we propose the term public participation in scientific research (PPSR) to discuss initiatives from diverse fields and traditions. We describe three predominant models of PPSR and call upon case...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Community-based monitoring; Conservation; Outcomes; Participation; Public; Volunteer monitoring.
Ano: 2012

Linking Keystone Species and Functional Groups: A New Operational Definition of the Keystone Species Concept
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; r_davic@yahoo.com.
The concept of the "keystone species" is redefined to allow for the a priori prediction of these species within ecosystems. A keystone species is held to be a strongly interacting species whose top-down effect on species diversity and competition is large relative to its biomass dominance within a functional group. This operational definition links the community importance of keystone species to a specific ecosystem process, e.g., the regulation of species diversity, within functional groups at lower trophic levels that are structured by competition for a limited resource. The a priori prediction of keystone species has applied value for the conservation of natural areas.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Keystone species; Competition; Dominance; Feeding guilds; Functional groups; Power laws; Species diversity; Biomass dominance.
Ano: 2003

Habitat Fragmentation and Native Bees: a Premature Verdict?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cane, James H; USDA-ARS; jcane@biology.usu.edu.
Few studies directly address the consequences of habitat fragmentation for communities of pollinating insects, particularly for the key pollinator group, bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes). Bees typically live in habitats where nesting substrates and bloom are patchily distributed and spatially dissociated. Bee studies have all defined habitat fragments as remnant patches of floral hosts or forests, overlooking the nesting needs of bees. Several authors conclude that habitat fragmentation is broadly deleterious, but their own data show that some native species proliferate in sampled fragments. Other studies report greater densities and comparable diversities of native bees at flowers in some fragment size classes relative to undisrupted habitats, but find...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apoidea; Bees; Conservation; Diversity; Habitat fragmentation; Land-use change; Pollination; Pollinator; Statistics; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2001

The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kolpas&amp;#1089;hikov, Leonid; Extreme North Agricultural Research Institute; kolpak46@norcom.ru; Makhailov, Vladimir; St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation; mwwcari@gmail.com; Russell, Don E.; CARMA, Yukon College; drussell@yukoncollege.yk.ca.
The Taimyr wild reindeer herd, i.e., caribou (Rangifer tarandus), is one of the most important wildlife resources in the Russian Far North and may constitute the largest migratory Rangifer herd in the world. Over the last 60 years the herd has undergone a recovery from low numbers in the 1940s, reaching high densities by 1970 that concerned wildlife managers and domestic husbandry herds, with an 11.7% annual growth rate. At that time an aggressive commercial harvest of the herd was implemented, and organized wolf control was initiated with the goal of stabilizing herd numbers and injecting needed economic activity into the region. These actions dampened the rate of increase throughout the 1970s and 1980s to a 3.0% annual growth rate. From 1991, after the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Harvest; Rangifer; Reindeer; Russia; Taimyr.
Ano: 2015

Using Backcast Land-Use Change and Groundwater Travel-Time Models to Generate Land-Use Legacy Maps for Watershed Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pijanowski, Bryan; Purdue University; bpijanow@purdue.edu; Ray, Deepak K; Purdue University; dkray@purdue.edu; Kendall, Anthony D; Michigan State University; kendal30@msu.edu; Duckles, Jonah M; Purdue University; jduckles@purdue.edu; Hyndman, David W; Michigan State University; hyndman@msu.edu.
We couple two spatial-temporal models, a backcast land-use change model and a groundwater flow model, to develop what we call &amp;#8220;land-use legacy maps.&amp;#8221; We quantify how a land-use legacy map, created from maps of past land use and groundwater travel times, differs from a current land-use map. We show how these map differences can affect land-use planning and watershed management decisions at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Our approach demonstrates that land-use legacy maps provide a more accurate representation of the linkage between land use/cover and current water quality compared to the current land-use map. We believe that the historical signatures of land-use impacts on current water quality should be considered in land-use...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Land use; Legacy maps; Groundwater travel times; Backcast land change model.
Ano: 2007

From LTER to LTSER: Conceptualizing the Socioeconomic Dimension of Long-term Socioecological Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haberl, Helmut; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; Helmut.Haberl@uni-klu.ac.at; Winiwarter, Verena; Dept. of Cultural Analysis, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; verena.winiwarter@univie.ac.at; Andersson, Krister; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; kanderss@indiana.edu; Ayres, Robert U.; INSEAD, Fountainebleau and IIASA, Laxenburg; Robert.AYRES@insead.edu; Boone, Christopher; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Global Institute of Sustainability,; Christopher.G.Boone@asu.edu; Castillo, Alicia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexic; castillo@oikos.unam.mx; Cunfer, Geoff; Department of History, University of Saskatchewan; geoff.cunfer@usask.ca; Fischer-Kowalski, Marina; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; marina.fischer-kowalski@uni-klu.ac.at; Freudenburg, William R.; Environmental Studies Programme, University of California, Santa Barbara; freudenburg@es.ucsb.edu; Furman, Eeva; Finnish Environment Institute, SYKE; Eeva.Furman@ymparisto.fi; Krausmann, Fridolin; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Austria; fridolin.krausmann@uni-klu.ac.at; Mirtl, Michael; Federal Environment Agency Austria; michael.mirtl@umweltbundesamt.at; Redman, Charles L.; International Institute for Sustainability, Arizona State University; charles.redman@asu.edu; Reenberg, Anette; Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Wardell, Andrew; Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen; benjamin.warr@free.fr; Warr, Benjamin; INSEAD, Fountainebleau; benjamin.warr@free.fr; Zechmeister, Harald; Vienna Ecology Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna; harald.zechmeister@univie.ac.at.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Communication; Governance; Land use; Long-term ecological research (LTER); Long-term socioecological research (LTSER); Scale; Society-nature interaction; Socioecological metabolism; Socioecological systems.
Ano: 2006

Frames of Scale Challenges in Finnish and Greek Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Apostolopoulou, Evangelia; Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ; evaposto@bio.auth.gr; Paloniemi, Riikka ; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE); riikka.paloniemi@ymparisto.fi.
Global conservation expansion has been associated with significant changes in cross-scale interactions and in the discourses surrounding them engendering new scale challenges in the field of biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we analyze frames of scale challenges by drawing on evidence from eight focus groups of stakeholders and scientists from Greece and Finland. By following a systematic frame analysis we found three dominant frames. First, framing scale challenges as mainly derived from knowledge gaps regarding ecological scale emphasizes the scale problems occurring when only limited consideration is given to the scale-dependence of ecological phenomena. This prioritizes the formulation of scientifically informed conservation policies,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity governance; Conservation areas; Fit; Frames; Learning; Mismatch; Power; Scale.
Ano: 2012

Robustness, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity in small-scale social-ecological systems: The Pumpa Irrigation System in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cifdaloz, Oguzhan; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Ogu@asu.edu; Regmi, Ashok; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Ashok.Regmi@gmail.com; Anderies, John M; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; School of Sustainability; m.anderies@asu.edu; Rodriguez, Armando A; Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory (IeSL), ASU Fulton School of  Engineering; aar@asu.edu.
Change in freshwater availability is arguably one of the most pressing issues associated with global change.  Agriculture, which uses roughly 70% of the total global freshwater supply, figures prominently among sectors that may be adversely affected by global change.  Of specific concern are small-scale agricultural systems that make up nearly 90% of all farming systems and generate 40% of agricultural output worldwide.  These systems are experiencing a range of novel shocks, including increased variability in precipitation and competing demands for water and labor that challenge their capacity to maintain agricultural output.  This paper employs a robustness-vulnerability trade-off framework to explore the capacity of these small-scale systems to cope...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Agriculture; Dynamic systems; Food security; Freshwater availability; Global change; Small-scale irrigation systems; Mathematical model; Nepal; Robustness; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2010

Oak Persistence in Mediterranean Landscapes: The Combined Role of Management, Topography, and Wildfires
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holmgren, Milena; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; milena.holmgren@wur.nl; Mohren, Godefridus M.J.; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University; frits.mohren@wur.nl.
Mediterranean ecosystems have been shaped by a history of human and ecological disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of these social-ecological systems requires an understanding of how human and ecological factors interact. In this study, we assess the combined role of management practices and biophysical variables, i.e., wildfire and topography, to explain patterns of tree persistence in a cork oak  (Quercus suber L.) landscape of southern Portugal. We used face-to-face interviews with landowners to identify the management practices and the incentives that motivated them. We used aerial photographs and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to classify vegetation patch-type transitions over a period of 45 years (1958-2002) and logistic regression to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry system; Alternative ecosystem state; Cistus ladanifer; Land degradation; Mediterranean; Portugal; Shrub encroachment; Succession; Quercus suber; Vegetation transition.
Ano: 2010

Perceived Benefits of Fisheries Management Restrictions in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McClanahan, Tim R.; Wildlife Conservation Society; tmcclanahan@wcs.org; Cinner, Joshua E.; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Abunge, Caroline; Wildlife Conservation Society;; Rabearisoa, Ando; Conservation International;; Mahatante, Paubert; University of Toliara;; Ramahatratra, Frederick; University of Toliara;; Andrianarivelo, Norbert; Wildlife Conservation Society;.
Perceptions of the benefits of fisheries management restrictions were evaluated in coastal Madagascar to identify restrictions that are likely to be self- and community enforced. The survey focused on 24 Malagasy fishing villages adjacent to coral reefs. Resource users' perceptions of the benefits of restrictions were generally high and widespread, but some less positive perceptions were found in three villages located near marine protected areas. Perceptions of the benefits of gear restrictions had widespread support; closed areas, seasons, and minimum sizes of fish were less common; and restrictions on species were supported infrequently. We therefore advocate a management implementation approach that uses these scales of perceived benefits and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Fisheries management; Marine protected area planning; Poverty; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2014

Resilience, Flexibility and Adaptive Management - - Antidotes for Spurious Certitude?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu.
In many cases, a predicate of adaptive environmental assessment and management (AEAM) has been a search for flexibility in management institutions, or for resilience in the ecological system prior to structuring actions that are designed for learning. Many of the observed impediments to AEAM occur when there is little or no resilience in the ecological components (e.g., when there is fear of an ecosystem shift to an unwanted stability domain), or when there is a lack of flexibility in the extant power relationships among stakeholders. In these cases, a pragmatic solution is to seek to restore resilience or flexibility rather than to pursue a course of broad-scale, active adaptive management. Restoration of resilience and flexibility may occur through novel...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Active learning; Adaptive management; AEAM; Ecological resilience; Flexibility; Florida Everglades; Policy crisis; Restoration; Stability domain; Stakeholders; Surprise; Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999

A Framework for Resilience-based Governance of Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garmestani, Ahjond S; Environmental Protection Agency, USA; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; Benson, Melinda Harm; University of New Mexico, USA; mhbenson@unm.edu.
Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage. Managing for resilience will likely require reform of law to account for the dynamics of social-ecological systems and achieve a substantive mandate that accommodates the need for adaptation. In this paper, we suggest expansive legal reform by identifying the principles of reflexive law as a possible mechanism for achieving a shift to resilience-based governance and leveraging cross-scale dynamics to provide resilience-based responses to increasingly challenging environmental conditions.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Adaptive management; Environmental governance; Intermediaries; Panarchy; Reflexive law; Resilience; Resilience-based governance.
Ano: 2013

Integrative learning for practicing adaptive resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McLoughlin, Craig A.; Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, Geography and Planning, University of New England, Australia; cmcloug4@myune.edu.au; Thoms, Martin C.; Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, Geography and Planning, University of New England, Australia;.
Adaptive resource management is a learning-by-doing approach to natural resource management. Its effective practice involves the activation, completion, and regeneration of the &amp;#8220;adaptive management cycle&amp;#8221; while working toward achieving a flexible set of collaboratively identified objectives. This iterative process requires application of single-, double-, and triple-loop learning, to strategically modify inputs, outputs, assumptions, and hypotheses linked to improving policies, management strategies, and actions, along with transforming governance. Obtaining an appropriate balance between these three modes of learning has been difficult to achieve in practice and building capacity in this area can be achieved through an emphasis on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive feedbacks  assessment  reflection; Adaptive management cycle; Objectives  targets  thresholds of potential concern; Reflexive  single-  double-  triple-loop learning.
Ano: 2015

The Role of Rangelands in Diversified Farming Systems: Innovations, Obstacles, and Opportunities in the USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sayre, Nathan F; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley; nsayre@berkeley.edu; Carlisle, Liz; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley;; Huntsinger, Lynn; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California-Berkeley; huntsinger@berkeley.edu; Fisher, Gareth; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California-Berkeley;; Shattuck, Annie; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Ecosystem services; Ranching; Rangelands.
Ano: 2012

A Typology of Benefit Sharing Arrangements for the Governance of Social-Ecological Systems in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nkhata, Bimo Abraham; Water Research Node, Monash South Africa; bimo.nkhata@monash.edu; Mosimane, Alfons; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; alfons.mosimane@gmail.com; Downsborough, Linda; Water Research Node, Monash South Africa; Linda.Downsborough@monash.edu; Breen, Charles; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; breenc@telkomsa.net; Roux, Dirk J; Water Research Node, Monash South Africa; dirk.roux@monash.edu.
This study explores and interprets relevant literature to construct a typology of benefit sharing arrangements for the governance of social-ecological systems in developing countries. The typology comprises three generic categories of benefit sharing arrangements: collaborative, market-oriented, and egalitarian. We contend that the three categories provide a useful basis for exploring and classifying the different societal arrangements required for governance of social-ecological systems. The typology we present is founded on a related set of explicit assumptions that can be used to explore and better understand the linkages among ecosystem services, benefit sharing, and governance. Issues that are strongly related to sustainability in developing countries...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Benefit sharing; Developing countries; Ecosystem services; Governance; Social-ecological systems; Typology.
Ano: 2012

Salt Marsh Zonal Migration and Ecosystem Service Change in Response to Global Sea Level Rise: A Case Study from an Urban Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Feagin, Rusty A; Texas A&amp;M University; feaginr@tamu.edu; Costanza, Robert; University of Vermont; rcostanz@uvm.edu.
Coastal wetland plants are expected to respond to global sea level rise by migrating toward higher elevations. Housing, infrastructure, and other anthropogenic modifications are expected to limit the space available for this potential migration. Here, we explore the ecological and economic effects of projected Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 report sea level changes at the plant community scale using the highest horizontal (1 m) and vertical (0.01 m) resolution data available, using a 6 x 6 km area as an example. Our findings show that salt marshes do not always lose land with increasing rates of sea level rise. We found that the lower bound of the IPCC 2007 potential rise (0.18 m by 2095) actually increased the total marsh area....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal ecology; Coastal plant migration; Sea level rise; Spatial analysis.
Ano: 2010

Impacts of Grazing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Gary; ; back40@2xtreme.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Examining the adaptability of collaborative governance associated with publicly managed ecosystems over time: insights from the Front Range Roundtable, Colorado, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheng, Antony S; Colorado State University; Tony.CHENG@colostate.edu; Gerlak, Andrea K; University of Arizona; agerlak@isanet.org; Dale, Lisa; Colorado Department of Natural Resources; lisa.dale@state.co.us; Mattor, Katherine; Colorado State University; katherine.mattor@colostate.edu.
We examine the adaptability of collaborative governance regimes associated with publicly managed ecosystems as they move from direction-setting to implementation phases. This is an under-researched topic and is particularly relevant given the growth of collaborative environmental governance efforts around the globe. Through an in-depth analysis of a case study spanning 10 years of the Front Range Roundtable in Colorado, USA, we examine the effect of forces internal and external to the Roundtable on three attributes associated with the adaptive capacity of environmental governance: social capital, learning, and flexibility in implementing innovative actions. We find that the Roundtable has been highly sensitive to internal and external changes, and that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Boundary objects; Collaborative governance; Ecosystem management.
Ano: 2015

Resilience strategies in the face of short- and long-term change: out-migration and fisheries regulation in Alaskan fishing communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Himes-Cornell, Amber; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; amber.himes@noaa.gov; Hoelting, Kristin; Colorado State University; kristin.hoelting@colostate.edu.
Historically, communities persisted in remote, isolated areas of Alaska in large part because of the abundance of marine and terrestrial resources, as well as the ability of local people to opportunistically access those resources as they became available. Species switching and the ability to shift effort away from fisheries during poor years allowed local residents to diversify their livelihoods in the face of uncertainties and ecological change. The advent of modern fisheries management, which views Alaskan fisheries as the property of all citizens of the United States, has fundamentally altered the relationship of place-based communities to fishery resources. Local access to fisheries has been particularly affected by the development of transferable...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Communities; Fisheries privatization; Out-migration; Resilience; Well-being.
Ano: 2015

Contracts or Scripts? A Critical Review of the Application of Institutional Theories to the Study of Environmental Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hotimsky, Samy; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; s.hotimsky@uea.ac.uk; Cobb, Richard; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; d.cobb@uea.ac.uk; Bond, Alan; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; alan.bond@uea.ac.uk.
The impact of new institutionalism on the study of human environment interactions has been meaningful. Institutional perspectives have further shaped and modified the field problems of common pool resources, environmental hazards, and risk and environmental management. Given the relative potential of institutional theories to increase the comprehension of the various dimensions of human&amp;#8211;environmental interactions, it has become increasingly important to attempt to consolidate different interpretations of what institutions are, and how they mediate and constrain possibilities for more successful environmental outcomes. This article focuses primarily on contending ontological perspectives on institutions and institutional change. It argues that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Environmental change; Institutions; Ontology.
Ano: 2006

Games for groundwater governance: field experiments in Andhra Pradesh, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; International Food Policy Research Institute; R.Meinzen-Dick@cgiar.org; Chaturvedi, Rahul; Foundation for Ecological Security; rahul.chaturvedi@fes.org.in; Ghate, Rucha; International Center for Integrated Mountain Development; ruchaghate@gmail.com; Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Rollins, Nathan D; Arizona State University; nathan.rollins@asu.edu; Sandeep, K; Foundation for Ecological Security; sandeep@fes.org.in.
Groundwater is a common-pool resource that is subject to depletion in many places around the world as a result of increased use of irrigation and water-demanding cash crops. Where state capacity to control groundwater use is limited, collective action is important to increase recharge and restrict highly water-consumptive crops. We present results of field experiments in hard rock areas of Andhra Pradesh, India, to examine factors affecting groundwater use. Two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) ran the games in communities where they were working to improve watershed and water management. Results indicate that, when the links between crop choice and groundwater depletion is made explicit, farmers can act cooperatively to address this problem. Longer NGO...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Andhra Pradesh; Collective action; Experimental games; Framed field experiments; Groundwater; India.
Ano: 2016

Toward an Integrated History to Guide the Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Leeuw, Sander; Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu; Costanza, Robert; Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University; robert.costanza@pdx.edu; Aulenbach, Steve; NEON, Inc.; saulenbach@neoninc.org; Brewer, Simon; University of Utah; simon.brewer@geog.utah.edu; Burek, Michael; National Center for Atmospheric Research; mburek@ucar.edu; Cornell, Sarah; University of Bristol; sarah.cornell@bristol.ac.uk; Crumley, Carole; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Stockholm Resilience Centre; crumley@unc.edu; Dearing, John A; University of Southampton; j.dearing@soton.ac.uk; Downy, Catherine; University of Bristol; cat.downy@bristol.ac.uk; Graumlich, Lisa J.; University of Washington; envdean@uw.edu; Heckbert, Scott; Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University; scott.heckbert@gmail.com; Hegmon, Michelle; Arizona State University; Michelle.Hegmon@asu.edu; Hibbard, Kathy; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; kathy.hibbard@pnl.gov; Jackson, Stephen T.; University of Wyoming; jackson@uwyo.edu; Kubiszewski, Ida; Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University; ida.kub@gmail.com; Sinclair, Paul; Uppsala University; Paul.Sinclair@arkeologi.uu.se; Steffen, Will; Australian National University; will.steffen@anu.edu.au.
Many contemporary societal challenges manifest themselves in the domain of human&amp;#8211;environment interactions. There is a growing recognition that responses to these challenges formulated within current disciplinary boundaries, in isolation from their wider contexts, cannot adequately address them. Here, we outline the need for an integrated, transdisciplinary synthesis that allows for a holistic approach, and, above all, a much longer time perspective. We outline both the need for and the fundamental characteristics of what we call &amp;#8220;integrated history.&amp;#8221; This approach promises to yield new understandings of the relationship between the past, present, and possible futures of our integrated human&amp;#8211;environment system. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agency; Anthropocene; Backcasting; Causality; Contingency; Holistic approach; Integrated history; Long-term perspective; Resilience; Social and ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Intermediate Collaborative Adaptive Management Strategies Build Stakeholder Capacity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Monroe, Martha C.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; mcmonroe@ufl.edu; Plate, Richard; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; richarp33@gmail.com; Oxarart, Annie; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; oxarart@ufl.edu.
Efforts to implement collaborative adaptive management (CAM) often suffer from challenges, such as an unwillingness of managers to share power, unresolved conflicts between stakeholders, and lack of capacity among stakeholders. Some aspects considered essential to CAM, e.g., trust and stakeholder capacity, may be more usefully viewed as goals for intermediate strategies rather than a set of initial conditions. From this perspective, intermediate steps that focus on social learning and building experience could overcome commonly cited barriers to CAM. An exploration of Springs Basin Working Groups, organized around major clusters of freshwater springs in north Florida, provides a case study of how these intermediate steps enable participants to become more...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative adaptive management; Florida USA; Public participation; Reasonable Person Model; Social learning; Stakeholder capacity.
Ano: 2013

The Nature of Culture and Keystones
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garibaldi, Ann; University of Victoria; anng@uvic.ca; Turner, Nancy; University of Victoria; nturner@uvic.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Evolutionary History, Habitat Disturbance Regimes, and Anthropogenic Changes:  What Do These Mean for Resilience of Pacific Salmon Populations?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waples, Robin S.; NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center; robin.waples@noaa.gov; Beechie, Tim; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division; Tim.Beechie@noaa.gov; Pess, George R.; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division; George.Pess@noaa.gov.
Because resilience of a biological system is a product of its evolutionary history, the historical template that describes the relationships between species and their dynamic habitats is an important point of reference. Habitats used by Pacific salmon have been quite variable throughout their evolutionary history, and these habitats can be characterized by four key attributes of disturbance regimes: frequency, magnitude, duration, and predictability. Over the past two centuries, major anthropogenic changes to salmon ecosystems have dramatically altered disturbance regimes that the species experience. To the extent that these disturbance regimes assume characteristics outside the range of the historical template, resilience of salmon populations might be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Duration; Frequency; Historical template; Magnitude; Pacific Northwest; Oncorhynchus; Pacific salmon; Predictability.
Ano: 2009

The Context of Grassland Defoliation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fehmi, Jeffrey; ERDC-CERL Ecological Processes Branch; jeffrey.s.fehmi@erdc.usace.army.mil.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

An Operational Framework for Defining and Monitoring Forest Degradation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thompson, Ian D; Canadian Forest Service; ian.thompson@nrcan.gc.ca; Guariguata, Manuel R.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.GUARIGUATA@CGIAR.ORG; Okabe, Kimiko; FFPRI Tsukuba; kimikook@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; Bahamondez, Carlos; INFOR Valdivia; cbahamon@infor.cl; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); r.nasi@cgiar.org; Heymell, Victoria; FAO Rome; Victoria.Heymell@fao.org; Sabogal, Cesar; FAO Rome; cesar.sabogal@fao.org.
Forest degradation is broadly defined as a reduction in the capacity of a forest to produce ecosystem services such as carbon storage and wood products as a result of anthropogenic and environmental changes. The main causes of degradation include unsustainable logging, agriculture, invasive species, fire, fuelwood gathering, and livestock grazing. Forest degradation is widespread and has become an important consideration in global policy processes that deal with biodiversity, climate change, and forest management. There is, however, no generally recognized way to identify a degraded forest because perceptions of forest degradation vary depending on the cause, the particular goods or services of interest, and the temporal and spatial scales considered....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Carbon; Criteria and indicators; Forest degradation; Forest management; Remote sensing.
Ano: 2013

Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas: perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frantzeskaki, Niki; DRIFT -  Dutch Research Institute For Transitions, Erasmus University Rotterdam; n.frantzeskaki@drift.eur.nl; Pauleit, Stephan; Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich; pauleit@wzw.tum.de; Naumann, Sandra; Ecologic Institute, Berlin; sandra.naumann@ecologic.eu; Davis, McKenna; Ecologic Institute, Berlin; mckenna.davis@ecologic.eu; Artmann, Martina; Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER), Dresden; Research Group Urban and Landscape Ecology, University of Salzburg; m.artmann@ioer.de; Knapp, Sonja; Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; sonja.knapp@ufz.de; Korn, Horst; German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; Horst.Korn@BfN.de; Stadler, Jutta; German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; Jutta.Stadler@BfN.de; Zaunberger, Karin; European Commission, Environment Directorate General, Brussels; Karin.Zaunberger@ec.europa.eu; Bonn, Aletta; Department Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ;  German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; aletta.bonn@idiv.de.
Nature-based solutions promoting green and blue urban areas have significant potential to decrease the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of cities in light of climatic change. They can thereby help to mitigate climate change-induced impacts and serve as proactive adaptation options for municipalities. We explore the various contexts in which nature-based solutions are relevant for climate mitigation and adaptation in urban areas, identify indicators for assessing the effectiveness of nature-based solutions and related knowledge gaps. In addition, we explore existing barriers and potential opportunities for increasing the scale and effectiveness of nature-based solution implementation. The results were derived from an inter- and transdisciplinary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Cobenefits; Governance; Nature-based solutions; Urban areas.
Ano: 2016

Visualizing the Food-Web Effects of Fishing for Tunas in the Pacific Ocean
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinke, Jefferson T; Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory and Joint Institute for Marine and At; jhinke@pfeg.noaa.gov; Kaplan, Isaac C; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; ickaplan@wisc.edu; Aydin, Kerim; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Kerim.Aydin@noaa.gov; Watters, George M; Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory; gwatters@pfeg.noaa.gov; Olson, Robert J; Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission; rolson@iattc.org; Kitchell, James F. K.; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; kitchell@mhub.limnology.wisc.edu.
We use food-web models to develop visualizations to compare and evaluate the interactions of tuna fisheries with their supporting food webs in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) and the central north Pacific (CNP) Oceans. In the ETP and CNP models, individual fisheries use slightly different food webs that are defined by the assemblage of targeted tuna species. Distinct energy pathways are required to support different tuna species and, consequently, the specific fisheries that target different tuna assemblages. These simulations suggest that catches of tunas, sharks, and billfishes have lowered the biomass of the upper trophic levels in both systems, whereas increases in intermediate and lower trophic level animals have accompanied the decline of top...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem modeling; Food webs; Longline fishing; Purse-seine fishing; Tunas; Trophic levels; Pacific Ocean.
Ano: 2004

Effect of Policy Interventions on Food Security in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Veen, Anne; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; veen@itc.nl; Gebrehiwot, Tagel; PhD Student, University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science &amp; Earth Observation ; gidey17146@itc.nl.
Following the design of a conservation-based agricultural development strategy and food security strategy, the Tigray government has implemented different pro-poor development programs over the past years to address the problems of food security. This study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of government policy interventions at different scales addressed to improve food security. Food security both at the regional and district level was investigated by deriving food balance sheets for the period 2000-2008. An empirical analysis based on a logit model was also employed to analyze household level food security status. The results of the logit model reveal that government policy interventions such as water harvesting schemes, employment generation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Effectiveness; Food security; Logit; Policy.
Ano: 2011

Tropical Deforestation, Community Forests, and Protected Areas in the Maya Forest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bray, David Barton; Florida International University; brayd@fiu.edu; Duran, Elvira; Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca; eduran3@hotmail.com; Ramos, Victor Hugo; Wildlife Conservation Society-Guatemala; vhramos@wcs.org; Mas, Jean-Francois; Universidad Autonoma de Mexico; jfmas@ciga.unam.mx; Velazquez, Alejandro; Universidad Autonoma de Mexico; avmontes@ciga.unam.mx; McNab, Roan Balas; Wildlife Conservation Society-Guatemala; mcnab@wcs.org; Barry, Deborah; Center for International Forestry Research; dbarry@cgiar.org; Radachowsky, Jeremy; University of Florida; radachowsky@hotmail.com.
Community forests and protected areas have each been proposed as strategies to stop deforestation. These management strategies should be regarded as hypotheses to be evaluated for their effectiveness in particular places. We evaluated the community-forestry hypothesis and the protected-area hypothesis in community forests with commercial timber production and strict protected areas in the Maya Forest of Guatemala and Mexico. From land-use and land cover change (LUCC) maps derived from satellite images, we compared deforestation in 19 community forests and 11 protected areas in both countries in varying periods from 1988 to 2005. Deforestation rates were higher in protected areas than in community forests, but the differences were not significant. An...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forest management; Guatemala; Land-use and land cover change analysis; Logging; Mexico; Protected areas.
Ano: 2008

Integrated and Adaptive Management of Water Resources: Tensions, Legacies, and the Next Best Thing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Engle, Nathan L; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/University of Maryland; nathan.engle@pnl.gov; Johns, Owen R; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; orjohns@umich.edu; Lemos, Maria Carmen; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; lemos@umich.edu; Nelson, Donald R; University of Georgia; dnelson@uga.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive management; Institutional inertia; Integrated water resources management; Resilience; Trade-offs; Water governance.
Ano: 2011

Beyond Academia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elliott, Tom; Golden Gate National Park Association; tnelliott@earthlink.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002

Adapting to Socioeconomic Developments by Changing Rules in the Governance of Common Property Pastures in the Swiss Alps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baur, Ivo; Chair of Human-Environment Relations, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich ; ivo.baur@geographie.uni-muenchen.de; Binder, Claudia R.; Chair of Human-Environment Relations, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich; claudia.binder@geographie.uni-muenchen.de.
The common property meadows in the Swiss Alps have been managed by local self-organized governance systems since the Middle Ages, thus preventing their overuse. During the past century, socioeconomic developments, such as industrialization and rapid nonagricultural economic growth, have shifted employment opportunities from the agricultural sector towards the service sector. In the agricultural sector, this has led to less intensive use and maintenance of the meadows in the Alps and consequently to a reduction in biodiversity. We use the example of Grindelwald in the Swiss Alps to analyze how the governance system has adapted to these socioeconomic developments. We based our analysis on the Program in Institutional Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common property pastures; Rules; SES; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Looking Forward, Looking Back
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Non-Refereed
Ano: 2007

de Geus, M. 1999. Ecological Utopias: Envisioning the Sustainable Society. International Books, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thiele, Leslie Paul; University of Florida; thiele@polisci.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Adaptive Comanagement: a Systematic Review and Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Brock University; Stockholm Resilience Centre; rplummer@brocku.ca; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Armitage, Derek R; University of Waterloo; darmitage@wlu.ca; Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se; Yudina, Olga; Brock University; oy09dk@badger.ac.brocku.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Environmental governance; Systematic review.
Ano: 2012

Understanding the Mechanisms of Collective Decision Making in Ecological Restoration: An Agent-Based Model of Actors and Organizations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watkins, Cristy; The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA; cwatkins@fieldmuseum.org; Massey, Dean; University of Illinois at Chicago; dmasse2@uic.edu; Brooks, Jeremy; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; brooksj@illinois.edu; Ross, Kristen; University of Illinois at Chicago; kaross73@uic.edu; Zellner, Moira L.; University of Illinois at Chicago; mzellner@uic.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Chicago Wilderness; Collective decision making; Ecological restoration.
Ano: 2013

Variability in Fire Frequency and Forest Composition in Canada's Southeastern Boreal Forest: A Challenge for Sustainable Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bergeron, Yves; Universite du Quebec a Montreal; bergeron.yves@uqam.ca; Richard, Pierre J.H.; ; richard@ere.umontreal.ca; Carcaillet, Christopher; ; carcailc@MAGELLAN.UMontreal.CA; Gauthier, Sylvie; ; sgauthier@cfl.forestry.ca; Flannigan, Mike; Canadian Forest Service; mflannigan@nofc.forestry.ca; Prairie, Yves T; ; prairie.yves@uqam.ca.
Because some consequences of fire resemble the effects of industrial forest harvesting, forest management is often considered as a disturbance having effects similar to those of natural disturbances. Although the analogy between forest management and fire disturbance in boreal ecosystems has some merit, it is important to recognize that it has limitations. First, normal forest rotations truncate the natural forest stand age distribution and eliminate over-mature forests from the landscape. Second, in the boreal mixedwoods, natural forest dynamics following fire may involve a gradual replacement of stands of intolerant broadleaf species by mixedwood and then softwood stands, whereas current silvicultural practices promote successive rotations of similarly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fire regime; Boreal forest; Mixedwood; Holocene vegetation; Sustainable forestry; Management for biodiversity.
Ano: 1998

Coping with persistent environmental problems: systemic delays in reducing eutrophication of the Baltic Sea
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Varjopuro, Riku; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland; riku.varjopuro@ymparisto.fi; Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz; National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland; eandrulewicz@mir.gdynia.pl; Blenckner, Thorsten; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; thorsten.blenckner@stockholmresilience.su.se; Dolch, Tobias; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Germany; Tobias.Dolch@awi.de; Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina; Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland; anna-stiina.heiskanen@ymparisto.fi; Steiner Brandt, Urs; Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; usb@sam.sdu.dk; Valman, Matilda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Baltic Nest Institute, Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden ; matilda.valman@stockholmresilience.su.se; Gee, Kira; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, UK ; k.gee@gmx.de; Potts, Tavis; Scottish Association of Marine Science, UK; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Aberdeen, UK; Tavis.Potts@sams.ac.uk; Psuty, Iwona; National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland; iwcia@mir.gdynia.pl.
In this paper we focus on systemic delays in the Baltic Sea that cause the problem of eutrophication to persist. These problems are demonstrated in our study by addressing three types of delays: (1) decision delay: the time it takes for an idea or perceived need to be launched as a policy; (2) implementation delay: the time from the launch of a policy to the actual implementation; (3) ecosystem delay: the time difference  between the implementation and an actual measurable effects. A policy process is one characterized by delays. It may take years from problem identification to a decision to taking action and several years further for actual implementation. Ecosystem responses to measures illustrate that feedback can keep the ecosystem in a certain state...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Baltic Sea; Ecosystem delays; Monitoring of implementation.
Ano: 2014

Diagnosing Institutional Fit: a Formal Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu.
I attempt to demonstrate that the concept of institutional fit and the closely related approach of institutional diagnosis can be improved with the process of formalization. In this context, the concept of fit is interpreted as a way of expressing certain theoretical propositions that relate a set of variables with each other and with an outcome. This perspective is demonstrated through the use of the Web Ontology Language to express several "theories of fit." Using a formal language to describe types of fit and their associated theories is argued to have much potential for advancing the scientific study of social-ecological systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Diagnostics; Formalization; Institutional fit; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Sustainability and Resilience in Boreal Regions: Sources and Consequences of Variability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pastor, John; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; jpastor@nrri.umn.edu; Light, Steve; Inistitute for Agriculture and Trade Policy; stlight@iatp.org; Sovell, Laurie; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; laurie.sovell@pca.state.mn.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Population Genetic Aspects of Pollinator Decline
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Packer, Laurence; York University; bugsrus@yorku.ca; Owen, Robin; Mount Royal College and University of Calgary; rowen@mtroyal.ab.ca.
We reviewed the theory of conservation genetics, with special emphasis on the influence of haplodiploidy and other aspects of bee biology upon conservation genetic parameters. We then investigated the possibility that pollinator decline can be addressed in this way, using two meta-analytical approaches on genetic data from the Hymenoptera and the Lepidoptera. First, we compared levels of heterozygosity between the orders. As has been found previously, the haplodiploid Hymenoptera had markedly lower levels of genetic variation than the Lepidoptera. Bees had even lower levels, and bumble bees, in particular, often seemed almost monomorphic genetically. However, the statistically confounding effects of phylogeny render detailed interpretation of such data...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bumble bees; Effective population size; Gene flow; Haplodiploidy; Heterozygosity; Hymenoptera; Lepidoptera; Meta-analysis; Pollinator decline; Population fragmentation; Population genetics.
Ano: 2001

Changes in biodiversity and trade-offs among ecosystem services,  stakeholders, and components of well-being: the contribution of the International Long-Term Ecological Research network (ILTER) to Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bourgeron, Patrick; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado at Boulder, USA; patrick.bourgeron@colorado.edu; Baudry, Jacques; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), SAD-Paysage, France; jacques.baudry@rennes.inra.fr; Dick, Jan; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK; jand@ceh.ac.uk; Forsius, Martin; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Finland; martin.forsius@ymparisto.fi; Halada, Lubos; Institute of Landscape Ecology SAS, Slovakia; lubos.halada@savba.sk; Krauze, Kinga; European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, PAS, Poland; k.krauze@erce.unesco.lodz.pl; Nakaoka, Masahiro; Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan; nakaoka@fsc.hokudai.ac.jp; Orenstein, Daniel E.; Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel; DanielO@ar.technion.ac.il; Parr, Terry W.; Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK; twp@ceh.ac.uk; Redman, Charles L.; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; Charles.Redman@asu.edu; Rozzi, Ricardo; Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of North Texas, USA; Institute of Ecology &amp; Biodiversity, Universidad de Magallanes, Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Puerto Williams, Chile; rozzi@unt.edu; Swemmer, Anthony M.; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), South Africa; tony@saeon.ac.za; V&amp;#259;dineanu, Angheluta; Research Centre for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of  Bucharest, Romania; angheluta.vadineanu@g.unibuc.ro.
The International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network comprises &amp;#62; 600 scientific groups conducting site-based research within 40 countries.  Its mission includes improving the understanding of global ecosystems and informs solutions to current and future environmental problems at the global scales. The ILTER network covers a wide range of social-ecological conditions and is aligned with the Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) goals and approach. Our aim is to examine and develop the conceptual basis for proposed collaboration between ILTER and PECS. We describe how a coordinated effort of several contrasting LTER site-based research groups contributes to the understanding of how policies and technologies drive either toward...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem integrity; Ecosystem services; ILTER; Long-term ecological research; PECS; Site-based research; Socio-ecosystem research; Trade-offs among ecosystem services; Transdiscipline.
Ano: 2016

Comigrants and friends: informal networks and the transmission of traditional ecological knowledge among seminomadic pastoralists of Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Patel, Hanoz H. R.; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; write2hanoz@gmail.com; Rubio-Campillo, Xavier; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; xavier.rubio@bsc.es.
Previous research has shown that social organization may affect the distribution of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) within local communities of natural resource users in multiple ways. However, in this line of research the potential role of informal relationships has mostly been overlooked. In this article, we contribute toward filling this research gap by studying how two types of informal relationships, namely migration partnership and friendship, affect the distribution of TEK within a community of seminomadic pastoralists from the Kutch area, Gujarat, India. Using social network analysis, we map three networks, migration, men friendship, and women friendship, and compare with similarity-based quantitative approaches the clusters extracted from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Friendship; India; Informal relationships; Migration; Pastoralists; Rabari; Social network analysis; Social organization; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2016

From coastal timber supply area to Great Bear Rainforest: exploring power in a social&amp;#8211;ecological governance innovation.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Michele-Lee; University of Victoria; mlmoore@uvic.ca; Tjornbo, Ola; SiG@Waterloo, University of Waterloo; ola.tjornbo@gmail.com.
As the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment revealed, many social&amp;#8211;ecological systems around the world are currently being governed unsustainably. Consequently, social innovation is needed to transform current governance regimes and introduce new more resilient arrangements. Although dominant institutions and social groups may resist such innovations which threaten the status quo and their interests, groups on the margins of the established social order can often trigger governance transformations, despite a lack of conventional financial and institutional resources. In particular, there are numerous cases of marginalized groups initiating processes of radical change to establish sustainable governance practices for threatened...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance transformation; Great Bear Rainforest; Power; Social innovation.
Ano: 2012

Efficient Conservation in a Utility-Maximization Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davis, Frank W; University of California; fd@bren.ucsb.edu; Costello, Christopher; University of California; costello@bren.ucsb.edu; Stoms, David; University of California; stoms@bren.ucsb.edu.
Systematic planning for biodiversity conservation is being conducted at scales ranging from global to national to regional. The prevailing planning paradigm is to identify the minimum land allocations needed to reach specified conservation targets or maximize the amount of conservation accomplished under an area or budget constraint. We propose a more general formulation for setting conservation priorities that involves goal setting, assessing the current conservation system, developing a scenario of future biodiversity given the current conservation system, and allocating available conservation funds to alter that scenario so as to maximize future biodiversity. Under this new formulation for setting conservation priorities, the value of a site depends on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Sierra Nevada; California; Conservation; Cost-effectiveness; Irreplaceability; Planning; Retention; Scenario.
Ano: 2006

Environmental change: prospects for conservation and agriculture in a southwest Australia biodiversity hotspot
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pettit, Neil E.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; neil.pettit@uwa.edu.au; Naiman, Robert J.;  Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; University of Washington; naiman@uw.edu; Fry, Julia M.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; juliawrightfry@gmail.com; Roberts, J. Dale; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; dale.roberts@uwa.edu.au; Close, Paul G.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; paul.close@uwa.edu.au; Pusey, Bradley J.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; bpusey@westnet.com.au; Woodall, Geoff S.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; geoff.woodall@uwa.edu.au; MacGregor, Colin J.; College of Marine &amp; Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; colin.macgregor@jcu.edu.au; Speldewinde, Peter C.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; peter.speldewinde@uwa.edu.au; Stewart, Barbara; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; barbara.cook@uwa.edu.au; Dobbs, Rebecca J.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; rebecca.dobbs@uwa.edu.au; Paterson, Harriet L.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; harriet.paterson@uwa.edu.au; Cook, Peter; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; peter.cook@uwa.edu.au; Toussaint, Sandy; School of Social and Cultural Studies, The University of Western Australia;  Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; sandy.toussaint@uwa.edu.au; Comer, Sarah; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Sarah.Comer@DPaW.wa.gov.au; Davies, Peter M.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; peter.davies@uwa.edu.au.
Accelerating environmental change is perhaps the greatest challenge for natural resource management; successful strategies need to be effective for decades to come. Our objective is to identify opportunities that new environmental conditions may provide for conservation, restoration, and resource use in a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot in southwestern Australia. We describe a variety of changes to key taxonomic groups and system-scale characteristics as a consequence of environmental change (climate and land use), and outline strategies for conserving and restoring important ecological and agricultural characteristics. Opportunities for conservation and economic adaptation are substantial because of gradients in rainfall, temperature, and land...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agriculture and conservation; Biodiversity; Climate change; Land-use change; Southwest Australia.
Ano: 2015

Adaptive Management of the Water Cycle on the Urban Fringe: Three Australian Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilmour, Alistair; Macquarie University; agilmour@gse.mq.edu.au; Walkerden, Greg; Wyong Shire Council; gregw@acay.com.au; Scandol, James; University of Sydney; jscandol@bio.usyd.edu.au.
Our group at Macquarie University has run three adaptive management projects in New South Wales, Australia. Their objectives were: (1) to evaluate water cycle management strategies to minimize impacts of urban development on water quality in the Hawkesbury-Nepean basin; (2) to evaluate development planning policies to minimize water quality impacts on a series of coastal lakes; and (3) to carry out a preliminary assessment of the potential impacts of greater recreational use of Sydney water catchments.  These projects are examined to evaluate the contribution of the adaptive management approach to water cycle management on the urban fringe in New South Wales. The role of the adaptive management approach in education, as a negotiation process, and in policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conservation biology; Ecosystem management; Sustainability transition; Sustainable development; Water quality; Watershed management.
Ano: 1999

A Marketing Professional's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luttenberg, Randall; Independent marketing consultant; rluttenberg@aol.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

The challenges of integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services monitoring and evaluation at a landscape-scale wetland restoration project in the UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hughes, Francine M. R.; Animal and Environment Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; francine.hughes@anglia.ac.uk; Adams, William M.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; wa12@cam.ac.uk; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK; Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK; Stuart.Butchart@birdlife.org; Field, Rob H.; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK; rob.field@rspb.org.uk; Peh, Kelvin S.-H.; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; kelvin.peh@gmail.com; Warrington, Stuart; National Trust, Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve, Wicken, Cambridgeshire, UK; stuart.warrington@nationaltrust.org.uk.
There is an increasing emphasis on the restoration of ecosystem services as well as of biodiversity, especially where restoration projects are planned at a landscape scale. This increase in the diversity of restoration aims has a number of conceptual and practical implications for the way that restoration projects are monitored and evaluated. Landscape-scale projects require monitoring of not only ecosystem services and biodiversity but also of ecosystem processes since these can underpin both. Using the experiences gained at a landscape-scale wetland restoration project in the UK, we discuss a number of issues that need to be considered, including the choice of metrics for monitoring ecosystem services and the difficulties of assessing the interactions...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Ecosystem processes; Ecosystem services; Landscape-scale; Metrics; Monitoring; Restoration; Valuation; Wicken Fen.
Ano: 2016

Epistemology, Culture, and Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; r_davic@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004

Putting the "E" in SES: unpacking the ecology in the Ostrom social-ecological system framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vogt, Jessica M.; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Furman University; jessica.vogt@furman.edu; Epstein, Graham B.; School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University Bloomington; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; gepstein@indiana.edu; Mincey, Sarah K.; Integrated Program in the Environment, Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University Research and Teaching Preserve; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University Bloomington; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University Bloomington; skmincey@indiana.edu; Fischer, Burnell C.; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University Bloomington; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University Bloomington; bufische@indiana.edu; McCord, Paul; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University Bloomington; Department of Geography, Indiana University Bloomington; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; pamccord@indiana.edu.
The Ostrom social-ecological system (SES) framework offers an interdisciplinary tool for studies of linked human-natural systems. However, its origin in the social sciences belies the effectiveness of its interdisciplinary ambitions and undermines its ability to cope with ecological complexity. To narrow the gap between inherently dynamic ecological systems and the SES framework, we need to explicitly recognize that SES outcomes are coproduced by social systems in which choices are made, as well as an ecological system with a diverse assortment of dynamic natural processes that mediate the effect of those choices. We illustrate the need for more explicit incorporation of ecological attributes into the SES framework by presenting a case study of a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecological theory; Forest ecology; Interdisciplinary science; Linked human-natural systems; Social-ecological system framework.
Ano: 2015

Ecological and Social Dimensions of Ecosystem Restoration in the Nordic Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Svavarsdottir, Kristin; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland ; kristin.svavarsdottir@land.is; Tolvanen, Anne K; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Oulu Unit; Thule Institute, University of Oulu; anne.tolvanen@metla.fi; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; krr@life.ku.dk; Arad&amp;#242;ttir, &amp;#192;sa L; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland ; asa@lbhi.is; Fosaa, Anna Maria; Faroese Museum of Natural History ; AnMarFos@ngs.fo; Halldorsson, Gudmundur; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland ; gudmundur.halldorsson@land.is.
An international overview of the extent and type of ecological restoration can offer new perspectives for understanding, planning, and implementation. The Nordic countries, with a great range of natural conditions but historically similar social and political structures, provide an opportunity to compare restoration approaches and efforts across borders. The aim of this study was to explore variation in ecological restoration using the Nordic countries as an example. We used recent national assessments and expert evaluations of ecological restoration. Restoration efforts differed among countries: forest and peatland restoration was most common in Finland, freshwater restoration was most common in Sweden, restoration of natural heathlands and grasslands was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Habitats; Land use pressure; Northern Europe; Regional scale; Restoration efforts.
Ano: 2013

Response to "Panarchy and the Law"
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; Eminent Emeritus Professor, University of Florida; holling@me.com.
Tipo: Non-Refereed Commentary
Palavras-chave: Environmental law; Panarchy theory.
Ano: 2012

The Politics of Social-ecological Resilience and Sustainable Socio-technical Transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Smith, Adrian; SPRU - Science &amp; Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex; a.g.smith@sussex.ac.uk; Stirling, Andy; SPRU - Science &amp; Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex; a.c.stirling@sussex.ac.uk.
Technology-focused literature on socio-technical transitions shares some of the complex systems sensibilities of social-ecological systems research. We contend that the sharing of lessons between these areas of study must attend particularly to the common governance challenges that confront both approaches. Here, we focus on critical experience arising from reactions to a transition management approach to governing sustainable socio-technical transformations. Questions over who governs, whose system framings count, and whose sustainability gets prioritized are all pertinent to social-ecological systems research. We conclude that future research in both areas should deal more centrally and explicitly with these inherently political dimensions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Governance; Social-ecological resilience; Socio-technical transitions.
Ano: 2010

Catastrophic Thresholds: A Synthesis of Concepts, Perspectives, and Applications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Briske, David D.; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; dbriske@tamu.edu; Washington-Allen, Robert A.; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; washington-allen@tamu.edu; Johnson, Craig R.; School of Zoology, University of Tasmania; craig.johnson@utas.edu.au; Lockwood, Jeffrey A.; Department of Philosophy, University of Wyoming; lockwood@uwyo.edu; Lockwood, Dale R.; Biology Department, Colorado State University; dale.lockwood@colostate.edu; Stringham, Tamzen K.; Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada-Reno; tstringham@cabnr.unr.edu; Shugart, Herman H; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia; hhs@virginia.edu.
Research reported in this feature identifies a convergence of interpretations regarding the threshold dynamics of complex ecological systems. This convergence has arisen from a diverse set of investigations addressing rangeland ecosystem dynamics, disease transmission, and fluctuations in the populations of insect pests. Effective application of the threshold concept to ecosystem management will require development of more robust linkages between non-equilibrium theory and protocols to identify triggers that initiate threshold conditions, feedback loops that establish system resilience, and developmental trajectories and attributes of potential alternative stable states. Successful implementation of these theory/application linkages has the potential to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity science; Ecological resilience; Non-equilibrium ecology; Self-organized systems; Systems theory.
Ano: 2010

Emery Roe on Complexity: Avoiding Triangulation-Strangulation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bessey, K. Michael; Emory University and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Canada); michael.bessey@post.harvard.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Assessment and Management of Invasive Alien Predators
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Park, Kirsty; University of Stirling; k.j.park@stir.ac.uk.
Although invasive alien species have been identified as the second greatest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss, characterizing and quantifying their impacts on native species and habitats remains a fundamental problem in conservation biology. Here, I review the techniques that are currently used to assess the impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity, highlighting both their uses in invasive species ecology and their limitations in establishing a causal relationship. Adopting a hypothesis-driven experimental approach to impact assessment, and to eradication efforts through adaptive management, would benefit our ecological understanding of invasive species without delaying critical management action that could reduce the spread of invasive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Experimental; Impact assessment; Invasive alien species; Predation.
Ano: 2004

Collaborative decision-analytic framework to maximize resilience of tidal marshes to climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thorne, Karen M; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; kthorne@usgs.gov; Mattsson, Brady J.; Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; brady.mattsson@gmail.com; Takekawa, John; USGS Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station; john_takekawa@usgs.gov; Cummings, Jonathan; University of Vermont; jwcummin@uvm.edu; Crouse, Debby; USFWS, Endangered Species Recovery Program; debby_crouse@fws.gov; Block, Giselle; USFWS, Inventory &amp; Monitoring; Giselle_block@fws.gov; Bloom, Valary; USFWS, Sacramento Field Office; valary_bloom@fws.gov; Gerhart, Matt; State Coastal Conservancy; mgerhart@scc.ca.gov; Goldbeck, Steve; Bay Conservation and Development Commission; steveg@bcdc.ca.gov; Huning, Beth; San Francisco Bay Joint Venture; bhuning@sfbayjv.org; Sloop, Christina; Blue Earth Consultants; christina.s@blueearthconsultants.como; Stewart, Mendel; USFWS, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office; mendel_stewart@fws.gov; Taylor, Karen; California Department of Fish &amp; Wildlife, Napa-Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area; Karen.Taylor@wildlife.ca.gov; Valoppi, Laura; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; laura_valoppi@usgs.gov.
Decision makers that are responsible for stewardship of natural resources face many challenges, which are complicated by uncertainty about impacts from climate change, expanding human development, and intensifying land uses.  A systematic process for evaluating the social and ecological risks, trade-offs, and cobenefits associated with future changes is critical to maximize resilience and conserve ecosystem services.  This is particularly true in coastal areas where human populations and landscape conversion are increasing, and where intensifying storms and sea-level rise pose unprecedented threats to coastal ecosystems.  We applied collaborative decision analysis with a diverse team of stakeholders who preserve, manage, or restore tidal marshes across the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian decision network; Climate change; Expert elicitation; San Francisco Bay; Sea-level rise; Structured decision making; Tidal marsh.
Ano: 2015

Embracing Uncertainty: The Interface of Bayesian Statistics and  Cognitive Psychology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Judith L; Dept. of Psychology, Simon Fraser University; janderso@sfu.ca.
Ecologists working in conservation and resource management are discovering the importance of using Bayesian analytic methods to deal explicitly with uncertainty in data analyses and decision making. However, Bayesian procedures require, as inputs and outputs, an idea that is problematic for the human brain: the probability of a hypothesis ("single-event probability"). I describe several cognitive concepts closely related to single-event probabilities, and discuss how their interchangeability in the human mind results in "cognitive illusions," apparent deficits in reasoning about uncertainty. Each cognitive illusion implies specific possible pitfalls for the use of single-event probabilities in ecology and resource management. I then discuss recent research...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognitive psychology; Judgment under uncertainty; Cognitive illusion; Bayesian statistical analysis; Bayesian decision analysis; Probability; Frequency; Expert elicitation of probabilities.
Ano: 1998

Can REDD+ Reconcile Local Priorities and Needs with Global Mitigation Benefits? Lessons from Angai Forest, Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mustalahti, Irmeli; Development Studies, Department of Political and Economic Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland ; irmeli.mustalahti@helsinki.fi; Bolin, Anna; Independent Research Consultant, UK; bolinanna@gmail.com; Boyd, Emily; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Whiteknights University of Reading, UK; e.boyd@leeds.ac.uk; Paavola, Jouni ; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, UK; j.paavola@leeds.ac.uk.
The scope of the reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) mechanism has broadened REDD+ to accommodate different country interests such as natural forests, protected areas, as well as forests under community-based management. In Tanzania the REDD+ mechanism is still under development and pilot projects are at an early stage. In this paper, we seek to understand how local priorities and needs could be met in REDD+ implementation and how these expectations match with global mitigation benefits. We examine the local priorities and needs in the use of land and forest resources in the Angai Villages Land Forest Reserve (AVLFR) in the Liwale District of Lindi Region in Tanzania.  Primary data was collected in two villages, Mihumo and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Participatory Forest Management (PFM); Pro-poor REDD+; REDD+; Tanzania.
Ano: 2012

Turning points in climate change adaptation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Werners, Saskia Elisabeth; Wageningen UR; werners@mungo.nl; van Slobbe, Erik; Wageningen UR; Erik.vanSlobbe@wur.nl; Oost, Albert; Deltares; Albert.Oost@deltares.nl; Pfenninger, Stefan; Imperial College London; s.pfenninger12@imperial.ac.uk; Trombi, Giacomo; Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence; giacomo.trombi@unifi.it; Bindi, Marco; Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence; marco.bindi@unifi.it; Moriondo, Marco; CNR-IBIMET; marco.moriondo@unifi.it.
Concerned decision makers increasingly pose questions as to whether current management practices are able to cope with climate change and increased climate variability. This signifies a shift in the framing of climate change from asking what its potential impacts are to asking whether it induces policy failure and unacceptable change. In this paper, we explore the background, feasibility, and consequences of this new framing. We focus on the specific situation in which a social-political threshold of concern is likely to be exceeded as a result of climate change, requiring consideration of alternative strategies. Action is imperative when such a situation is conceivable, and at this point climate change becomes particularly relevant to decision makers. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation turning points; Climate change; Governance; Tools; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2015

The Relationship between Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Evolving Cultures, and Wilderness Protection in the Circumpolar North
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watson, Alan; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute; awatson@fs.fed.us; Alessa, Lilian; ; afla@uaa.alaska.edu; Glaspell, Brian; ; bglaspell@fs.fed.us.
There are many unique issues associated with natural resource management in the far north as a result of legislative direction, historic settlement and occupation patterns, northern cultural traditions, ecotourism, economic depression, pressures for energy development, and globalization and modernization effects. Wilderness designation in Canada, the USA, and Finland is aimed at preserving and restoring many human and ecological values, as are the long-established, strictly enforced, nature reserves in Russia. In Alaska and Finland, and in some provinces of Canada, there is a variety of values associated with protecting relatively intact relationships between indigenous people and relatively pristine, vast ecosystems. These values are often described as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Circumpolar north; Ecological restoration; Relationship with nature; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional lifestyles; Traditional means of livelihood; Wilderness.
Ano: 2003

Tracking the Genetic Effects of Global Warming: Drosophila and Other Model Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheiner, Samuel M; National Science Foundation; sscheine@nsf.gov.
Current efforts to study the biological effects of global change have focused on ecological responses, particularly shifts in species ranges. Mostly ignored are microevolutionary changes. Genetic changes may be at least as important as ecological ones in determining species' responses. In addition, such changes may be a sensitive indicator of global changes that will provide different information than that provided by range shifts. We discuss potential candidate systems to use in such monitoring programs. Studies of Drosophila subobscura suggest that its chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are responding to global warming. Drosophila inversion polymorphisms can be useful indicators of the effects of climate change on populations and ecosystems. Other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Biological indicator; Chromosomal inversion polymorphism; Climate change; Drosophila; Evolutionary ecology; Genetic diversity; Global warming; Microevolution.
Ano: 1998

Climate Change and Western Public Lands: a Survey of U.S. Federal Land Managers on the Status of Adaptation Efforts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Archie, Kelli M; Center for Science and Technology Policy Research (CSTPR); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); and Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado, Boulder ; kelli.archie@colorado.edu; Dilling, Lisa; Center for Science and Technology Policy Research (CSTPR); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); and Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado, Boulder ; lisa.dilling@colorado.edu; Milford, Jana B; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder; jana.milford@colorado.edu; Pampel, Fred  C; Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder; fred.pampel@colorado.edu.
Climate change and its associated consequences pose an increasing risk to public lands in the western United States. High-level mandates currently require federal agencies to begin planning  for adaptation, but the extent to which these mandates have resulted in policies being implemented that affect on the ground practices is unclear. To examine the status of adaptation efforts, we conducted an original survey and semistructured interviews with land managers from the four major federal land management agencies in the U.S. states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. The survey was designed to examine current planning for adaptation on public lands and how it differs from prior planning, the major challenges facing land managers in this region, the major...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Decision making; Federal agencies; Public lands.
Ano: 2012

Using historical political ecology to understand the present: water, reeds, and biodiversity in the Camargue Biosphere Reserve, southern France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr; Peluso, Nancy Lee; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley; npeluso@berkeley.edu; Couespel, Alexandre; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; alexandre.couespel@gmail.com; Robbins, Paul; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; director@nelson.wisc.edu.
Exploring both ecological and political-economic histories sheds light on the long-term effects of social and environmental changes. Wetlands provide an excellent context for examining the re-working of society-nature relations in a landscape over a long duration. Wetland conditions and social-ecological dynamics show changes rapidly and visibly because they are frequently re-engineered to account for changes in both technology and social preferences. Wetlands are subject to multiple, concurrent property and access regimes that have consequences for both management and ecosystem health. We discuss the social-natural history of the Scamandre Marshes in the western part of the Camargue Biosphere Reserve using a historical political ecology approach to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Biodiversity conservation; Camargue; Historical political ecology; Wetland management.
Ano: 2015

Is Corruption Bad for Environmental Sustainability? A Cross-National Analysis.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Stephen; University of Reading; s.morse@reading.ac.uk.
This paper explores the hypothesis that higher levels of corruption are detrimental to environmental sustainability. It does this by employing the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) and its component variables and indicators as promoted by the World Economic Forum and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) created by Transparency International (TI). Both the CPI and ESI were shown to be statistically significantly related to income (proxied as GDP/capita) such that environmental sustainability declined with decreasing income while corruption worsened. The ESI for 2002 was also divided into indicators representing pressure, state, impact and response (i.e., the PSIR framework), and each of these were regressed onto a &amp;#8216;residual CPI&amp;#8217;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Corruption Perception Index; Environmental Sustainability Index.
Ano: 2006

Tackling the motivation to monitor: success and sustainability of a participatory monitoring program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Singh, Navinder J.; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; navinder.singh@slu.se; Danell, Kjell; ; kjell.danell@slu.se; Edenius, Lars; ; lars.edenius@slu.se.
Monitoring of species and their ecosystem attributes is a fundamental requirement in applied ecology and conservation. However, landscape scale monitoring requires an immense effort and commitment, especially when species have a wide distribution or are migratory in nature. Participatory monitoring, whereby local communities are engaged, is increasingly being proposed to address landscape scale monitoring. Its implementation is met with many challenges related to finances, motivation of the local people, lack of trained manpower, and nondirect legal use of the species in question. It is of interest to determine what makes a participatory monitoring program interesting for locals to ensure their long term engagement. Using the unique 26-year program of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biology of the species; Citizen science; Cost-effectiveness; Efficiency; Hunter observations; Migratory species; Moose; Social activities; Ungulates.
Ano: 2014

The curious case of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica stock status in Apalachicola Bay, Florida
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pine III, William E.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; billpine@ufl.edu; Walters, Carl J.; University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Camp, Edward V.; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; edvcamp@ufl.edu; Bouchillon, Rachel; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida; rbouch@ufl.edu; Ahrens, Robert; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; rahrens@ufl.edu; Sturmer, Leslie; Shellfish Aquaculture Extension Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; lnst@ufl.edu; Berrigan, Mark E.; Applied Aquaculture LLC; appliedaquaculture@gmail.com.
The Apalachicola Bay, Florida, eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) industry has annually produced about 10% of the U.S. oyster harvest. Today&amp;#8217;s simple individual-operator, hand-tonging, small-vessel fishery is remarkably similar to the one that began in the 1800s. Unprecedented attention is currently being given to the status of oyster resources in Apalachicola Bay because this fishery has become central to the decision making related to multistate water disputes in the southeastern United States, as well as millions of dollars in funding for restoration programs related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The oyster fishery collapsed in 2012, leading to large economic losses and community concerns over the current and future status of oyster...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Apalachicola; Harvest management; Oysters; Restoration.
Ano: 2015

Management Conflicts in Cameroonian Community Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Cameroonian community forests were designed and implemented to meet the general objectives of forest management decentralization for democratic and community management.  The spread of management conflicts all over the country has shown that these broad expectations have not been met. We describe conflicts occurring in 20 community forests by types of actors and processes involved. We argue that a number of external (community vs. external actors) and internal (intra-community) conflicts are part of the causes blocking the expected outcome of Cameroonian community forests, fostering bad governance and loss of confidence. Rent appropriation and control of forest resources appear as systemic or generalized conflicts. While community forest support projects...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cameroon; Common pool resources management; Community forests; Network analysis; Social conflicts.
Ano: 2011

Spanning Boundaries in an Arizona Watershed Partnership: Information Networks as Tools for Entrenchment or Ties for Collaboration?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cutts, Bethany B. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; Decision Center for a Desert City, Arizona State University; bcutts@asu.edu; Larson, Elisabeth K. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; eklarson@asu.edu; Darby, Kate J.; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Kate.Darby@asu.edu; Neff, Mark; Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes, Arizona State University ; Mark.Neff@asu.edu; Wutich, Amber; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Amber.Wutich@asu.edu; Bolin, Bob; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Bob.Bolin@asu.edu.
The need to develop successful collaborative strategies is an enduring problem in sustainable resource management. Our goal is to evaluate the relationship between information networks and conflict in the context of collaborative groundwater management in the rapidly growing central highland region of Arizona. In this region, water-management conflicts have emerged because of stakeholders&amp;#8217; differing geographic perspectives and competing scientific claims. Using social network analyses, we explored the extent to which the Verde River Basin Partnership (VRBP), which was charged with developing and sharing scientific information, has contributed to collaboration in the region. To accomplish this, we examined the role that this stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arizona; Boundary spanning; Collaborative management; Environmental governance; Information networks; Power; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Avian Information Systems: Developing Web-Based Bird Avoidance Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shamoun-Baranes, Judy; Universiteit van Amsterdam; shamoun@uva.nl; Bouten, Willem; Universiteit van Amsterdam; w.bouten@uva.nl; Buurma, Luit; Bird Strike Fund; LuitBuurma@worldmail.nl; DeFusco, Russell; BASH Inc.; BirdManRuss@aol.com; Dekker, Arie; Royal Netherlands Air Force; a.dekker@mindef.nl; Sierdsema, Henk; SOVON, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology; Henk.Sierdsema@sovon.nl; Sluiter, Floris; Universiteit van Amsterdam; fsluiter@science.uva.nl; van Belle, Jelmer; Royal Netherlands Air Force; jelmer.van.belle@hetnet.nl; van Gasteren, Hans; Royal Netherlands Air Force; JR.v.Gasteren@mindef.nl; van Loon, Emiel; Universiteit van Amsterdam; vanloon@uva.nl.
Collisions between aircraft and birds, so-called &amp;#8220;bird strikes,&amp;#8221; can result in serious damage to aircraft and even in the loss of lives. Information about the distribution of birds in the air and on the ground can be used to reduce the risk of bird strikes and their impact on operations en route and in and around air fields. Although a wealth of bird distribution and density data is collected by numerous organizations, these data are not readily available nor interpretable by aviation. This paper presents two national efforts, one in the Netherlands and one in the United States, to develop bird avoidance nodels for aviation. These models integrate data and expert knowledge on bird distributions and migratory behavior to provide hazard...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Birds; Distribution; Flight safety; Migration; Spatial modeling; Web services.
Ano: 2008

Monitoring the Governance Dimension of Natural Resource Co-management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University, South Africa; Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; georgina.cundill@gmail.com; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@gmail.com.
The governance outcomes of natural resource co-management have been neither systematically monitored nor rigorously assessed. We identified system attributes and key variables that could form the basis for monitoring the governance dimension of adaptive co-management. A methodology for collaboratively monitoring these system attributes and key variables was tested in four localities in South Africa.  Our results suggest that creating the conditions that facilitate self-organization, and particularly cross-scale institutional linkages, is the major challenge facing attempts to initiate adaptive co-management. Factors requiring greater attention include community perceptions of support from outside agencies, access to long-term funding for adaptive decision...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive co-management; Governance; Monitoring; Self-organization; Social capital.
Ano: 2010

Forest Landscape Restoration in the Drylands of Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Premoli, Andrea C; Laboratorio Ecotono, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.
Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) involves the ecological restoration of degraded forest landscapes, with the aim of benefiting both biodiversity and human well-being. We first identify four fundamental principles of FLR, based on previous definitions. We then critically evaluate the application of these principles in practice, based on the experience gained during an international, collaborative research project conducted in six dry forest landscapes of Latin America. Research highlighted the potential for FLR; tree species of high socioeconomic value were identified in all study areas, and strong dependence of local communities on forest resources was widely encountered, particularly for fuelwood. We demonstrated that FLR can be achieved through both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Dryland; Ecological restoration; Forest landscape; Latin America; Reforestation; Rehabilitation.
Ano: 2012

Discovering Resilient Pathways for South African Water Management: Two Frameworks for a Vision
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bohensky, Erin L; University of Pretoria and CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; erin.bohensky@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Resilience; Resilient pathways; South Africa; Water management.
Ano: 2008

Modeling Soft Institutional Change and the Improvement of Freshwater Governance in the Coastal Zone
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prou, Jean ; Ifremer, head of La Tremblade Station; Jean.Prou@ifremer.fr; Lample, Michel; University of Brest, UMR Amure;; Vanhoutte-Brunier, Alice; Ifremer, UMR Amure, Marine Economics Department;; Bordenave, Paul; Cemagref, ADER Research Unit;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Ecosystem services; Freshwater management; Governance; Institutional arrangements.
Ano: 2011

Adaptive Comanagement in the Venice Lagoon? An Analysis of Current Water and Environmental Management Practices and Prospects for Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munaretto, Stefania; University IUAV of Venice, Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Venice, Italy; VU University - Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Amsterdam, Netherlands; stefania.munaretto@ivm.vu.nl; Huitema, Dave; VU University - Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Amsterdam, Netherlands; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl.
Adaptive comanagement (ACM) is often suggested as a way of handling the modern challenges of environmental governance, which include uncertainty and complexity. ACM is a novel combination of the learning dimension of adaptive management and the linkage dimension of comanagement. As has been suggested, there is a need for more insight on enabling policy environments for ACM success and failure. Picking up on this agenda we provide a case study of the world famous Venice lagoon in Italy. We address the following questions: first, to what extent are four institutional prescriptions typically associated with ACM currently practiced in the Venice system? Second, to what extent is learning taking place in the Venice system? Third, how is learning related to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptiveness; Comanagement; Governance; Institutions; Learning; Venice lagoon.
Ano: 2012

Key insights for the future of urban ecosystem services research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kremer, Peleg; Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University; Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School; peleg.kremer@villanova.edu; McPhearson, Timon; Urban Ecology Lab, Environmental Studies Program, The New School; timon.mcphearson@newschool.edu; Frantzeskaki, Niki; DRIFT, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam; n.frantzeskaki@drift.eur.nl; Andersson, Erik; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; erik.andersson@su.se; Rall, Emily L; Technical University of Munich, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management; e.rall@tum.de; Bertram, Christine; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Research Area The Environment and Natural Resources; christine.bertram@ifw-kiel.de; Hansen, Rieke; Technical University of Munich, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management; hansen@tum.de; Kaczorowska, Anna; Department of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology; anna.kaczorowska@chalmers.se; Kain, Jaan-Henrik; Department of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology; kain@chalmers.se; Kronenberg, Jakub; Department of International Economics, University of Lodz; kronenbe@uni.lodz.pl; Pauleit, Stephan; Technical University of Munich, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management; pauleit@wzw.tum.de; Rehdanz, Katrin; University of Kiel, Department of Economics; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Research Area The Environment and Natural Resources; katrin.rehdanz@ifw-kiel.de; Schewenius, Maria; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; maria.schewenius@su.se; van Ham, Chantal; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; chantal.vanham@iucn.org; Wurster, Daniel; ; daniel.wurster@gmx.at; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; thomas.elmqvist@su.se.
Understanding the dynamics of urban ecosystem services is a necessary requirement for adequate planning, management, and governance of urban green infrastructure. Through the three-year Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) research project, we conducted case study and comparative research on urban biodiversity and ecosystem services across seven cities in Europe and the United States. Reviewing &amp;#62; 50 peer-reviewed publications from the project, we present and discuss seven key insights that reflect cumulative findings from the project as well as the state-of-the-art knowledge in urban ecosystem services research. The insights from our review indicate that cross-sectoral, multiscale, interdisciplinary research is beginning to provide a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Social-ecological systems; Urban ecology; Urban ecosystem services; Urban green infrastructure; Urban liveability; Urban planning.
Ano: 2016

Integrating Collaboration, Adaptive Management, and Scenario-Planning: Experiences at Las Cienegas National Conservation Area
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Caves, Jeremy K.; Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University; jcaves@stanford.edu; Bodner, Gitanjali S.; The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona; gbodner@tnc.org; Simms, Karen; Tucson Field Office, Bureau of Land Management; ksimms@blm.gov; Fisher, Larry A.; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona; lafisher@email.arizona.edu; Robertson, Tahnee; Southwest Decision Resources; tahnee@swdresources.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological planning; Bureau of Land Management; Climate adaptation; Collaboration; Desert Southwest; Ecological monitoring; Implementing adaptive management; Nested objectives; Public lands management; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2013

Indicators for wild animal offtake: methods and case study for African mammals and birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ingram, Daniel J.; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex; D.Ingram@sussex.ac.uk; Coad, Lauren; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; lauren.coad@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Collen, Ben; Centre for Biodiversity &amp;#38; Environment Research, University College London; b.collen@ucl.ac.uk; Breuer, Thomas; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; tbreuer@wcs.org; Fa, John E.; Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University; Center for International Forestry Research; jfa949@gmail.com; Gill, David J. C.; Fauna &amp;#38; Flora International; david.gill@fauna-flora.org; Maisels, Fiona; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; African Forest Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling; fmaisels@wcs.org; Schleicher, Judith; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge; js525@cam.ac.uk; Stokes, Emma J.; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; estokes@wcs.org; Taylor, Gemma; Centre for Biodiversity &amp;#38; Environment Research, University College London; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; gemma.taylor@ioz.ac.uk.
Unsustainable exploitation of wild animals is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and to millions of people depending on wild meat for food and income. The international conservation and development community has committed to implementing plans for sustainable use of natural resources and has requested development of monitoring systems of bushmeat offtake and trade. Although offtake monitoring systems and indicators for marine species are more developed, information on harvesting terrestrial species is limited. Building on approaches developed to monitor exploitation of fisheries and population trends, we have proposed two novel indicators for harvested terrestrial species: the mean body mass indicator (MBMI) assessing whether hunters are relying...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Bushmeat; Exploitation; Harvest; Indicator.
Ano: 2015

Integrating adaptive governance and participatory multicriteria methods: a framework for climate adaptation governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; stefania.munaretto@vu.nl; Siciliano, Giuseppina; Centre for Development, Environment and Policy (CeDEP), School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; giuseppina.siciliano@gmail.com; Turvani, Margherita E.; Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments, University IUAV of Venice; margheri@iuav.it.
Climate adaptation is a dynamic social and institutional process where the governance dimension is receiving growing attention. Adaptive governance is an approach that promises to reduce uncertainty by improving the knowledge base for decision making. As uncertainty is an inherent feature of climate adaptation, adaptive governance seems to be a promising approach for improving climate adaptation governance. However, the adaptive governance literature has so far paid little attention to decision-making tools and methods, and the literature on the governance of adaptation is in its infancy in this regard. We argue that climate adaptation governance would benefit from systematic and yet flexible decision-making tools and methods such as participatory...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Decision-making tools; Experimentation; Learning; Participation.
Ano: 2014

Resilience and Water Governance: Adaptive Governance in the Columbia River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cosens, Barbara A; University of Idaho College of Law; Waters of the West Program; bcosens@uidaho.edu; Williams, Mark Kevin; Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Human Right to Water and Sanitation Program, Harvard Kennedy School of Government; mark_williams@hks.harvard.edu.
The 1964 Columbia River Treaty between the United States and Canada is currently under review. Under the treaty, the river is jointly operated by the two countries for hydropower and is the largest producer of hydropower in the western hemisphere. In considering the next phase of international river governance, the degree of uncertainty surrounding the drivers of change complicates efforts to predict and manage under traditional approaches that rely on historical ecosystem responses. At the same time, changes in social values have focused attention on ecosystem health, the decline of which has led to the listing of seven salmon and four steelhead populations under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Although adaptive management is considered one approach to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Columbia River basin; Law  resilience.
Ano: 2012

Cooperative and adaptive transboundary water governance in Canada&amp;#8217;s Mackenzie River Basin: status and prospects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morris, Michelle; Water Policy and Governance Group; School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo; m24morri@uwaterloo.ca.
Canada&amp;#8217;s Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) is one of the largest relatively pristine ecosystems in North America. Home to indigenous peoples for millennia, the basin is also the site of increasing resource development, notably fossil fuels, hydroelectric power resources, minerals, and forests. Three provinces, three territories, the Canadian federal government, and Aboriginal governments (under Canada&amp;#8217;s constitution, indigenous peoples are referred to as &amp;#8220;Aboriginal&amp;#8221;)  have responsibilities for water in the basin, making the MRB a significant setting for cooperative, transboundary water governance. A framework agreement that provides broad principles and establishes a river basin organization, the MRB Board, has been in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bioregional approach; Mackenzie River Basin Board; Mackenzie River Basin  Canada; River basin organizations; Transboundary water governance.
Ano: 2016

An Ecological View of the History of the City of Cape Town
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Pippin  M. L.; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science and African Centre for Cities, UCT  ; pippin.anderson@uct.ac.za.
Rapid global urbanization and the knowledge that ecological systems underpin the future sustainability and resilience of our cities, make an understanding of urban ecology critical. The way humans engage with ecological processes within cities is highly complex, and both from a social and ecological perspective these engagements cannot be interpreted meaningfully on the basis of a single timeframe. Historical analyses offer useful insights into the nature of social-ecological interactions under diverse conditions, enabling improved decision-making into the future.  We present an historical review of the evolving relationship between the urban settlement of Cape Town and the ecological processes inherent to its natural surroundings. Since its establishment,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Ecological history; Ecosystem services; City of Cape Town; Social ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Evidence, Perceptions, and Trade-offs Associated with Invasive Alien Plant Control in the Table Mountain National Park, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Wilgen, Brian W; Centre for Invasion Biology; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; bvwilgen@csir.co.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Ecosystem management; Forestry; Fynbos; Pines.
Ano: 2012

A Methodology to Map Ecosystem Functions to Support Ecosystem Services Assessments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Petter, Mik; SEQ Catchments;; Mooney, Shannon; SEQ Catchments ; smooney@seqcatchments.com.au; Maynard, Simone M; SEQ Catchments; Australian National University; smaynard@seqcatchments.com.au; Davidson, Andrew; SEQ Catchments; adavidson@seqcatchments.com.au; Cox, Melanie; Powerlink Queensland;; Horosak, Ila; Griffith University;.
The project developed and trialed a method of mapping ecosystem functions in South East Queensland using biophysical data layers in preference to land use surrogates. Biophysical data and surrogates were identified for 19 ecosystem functions and maps were produced for each. Data layers for each ecosystem function were standardized for mapping purposes using existing expert advice or data quantiling. Two versions of the total ecosystem function overlap maps were also produced, showing areas of high ecosystem function that have the potential to contribute to high ecosystem service provision. This method was successfully used to replace land use surrogates in most cases, and produced maps that planners and decision makers considered credible. The mapping...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem functions; Ecosystem services; GIS mapping; Land use planning; South East Queensland.
Ano: 2013

Voices of the Caribou People: a participatory videography method to document and share local knowledge from the North American human-Rangifer systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bali, Archana; Department of Humans and Environment, School of Natural Resources &amp; Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; ittibali@gmail.com; Kofinas, Gary P.; Department of Humans and Environment, School of Natural Resources &amp; Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; gpkofinas@alaska.edu.
&amp;#8220;Voices of the Caribou People&amp;#8221; is a participatory videography project for documenting and sharing the local knowledge of caribou-user communities about social-ecological changes. The project was conducted in partnership with indigenous people who share a long and close relationship with caribou and self-identify as the &amp;#8220;Caribou People.&amp;#8221; The Caribou People desired to share their knowledge, experiences, challenges, and coping strategies with other indigenous communities and with scientists and wildlife managers. Six communities in the North American Arctic participated in the project, with 99 people interviewed about the ecological, cultural, spiritual, and nutritional aspects of their relationship with caribou. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou People; Human-rangifer systems; Indigenous communities; Local knowledge; Participatory research; Traditional knowledge; Videography.
Ano: 2014

Voluntary Participation in Regional Fisheries Management Council Meetings
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brzezinski, Danielle T; University of Maine ; danielle.brzezinski@gmail.com; Wilson, James; University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu; Chen, Yong; University of Maine; ychen@maine.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries policy; New England; Voluntary participation.
Ano: 2010

Conserving and Restoring Old Growth in Frequent-fire Forests: Cycles of Disruption and Recovery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Egan, Dave; ; Dave.Egan@nau.edu.
I provide a synthesis of the papers in the Special Issue, The Conservation and Restoration of Old Growth in Frequent-fire Forests of the American West. These papers&amp;#8212;the product of an Old Growth Writing Workshop, held at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona on 18&amp;#8211;19 April 2006&amp;#8212;represent the ideas of 25 workshop participants who argue for a new attitude toward managing old growth in the frequent-fire forests of the American West. Unlike the lush, old-growth rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, the dry, frequent-fire forests of the western United States evolved with surface fires that disturbed the system with such regularity that young trees were almost always killed. When saplings did survive, they grew beyond the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle  definitions of old growth  forest management  forest policy  old-growth forests  social&amp;#8211; Ecological system.
Ano: 2007

Sustainable Forest Management in Cameroon Needs More than Approved Forest Management Plans
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cerutti, Paolo Omar; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia; p.cerutti@cgiar.org; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia; r.nasi@cgiar.org; Tacconi, Luca; Crawford School of Economics and Government, The Australian National University; luca.tacconi@anu.edu.au.
One of the main objectives of the 1994 Cameroonian forestry law is to improve the management of production forests by including minimum safeguards for sustainability into compulsory forest management plans. As of 2007, about 3.5 million hectares (60%) of the productive forests are harvested following the prescriptions of 49 approved management plans. The development and implementation of these forest management plans has been interpreted by several international organizations as long awaited evidence that sustainable management is applied to production forests in Cameroon. Recent reviews of some plans have concluded, however, that their quality was inadequate. This paper aims at taking these few analyses further by assessing the actual impacts that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Cameroon; Certification; Law enforcement; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2008

Long-term relationship between climate change and nomadic migration in historical China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pei, Qing; Department of Geography and International Centre for China Development Study, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; peiqing618@gmail.com; Zhang, David D.; Department of Geography and International Centre for China Development Study, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;.
We investigated the relationship between a 2000-year history of nomadic migration and climate change in historical China. By using updated data and statistical methods, the study solved several unanswered questions from past research about the relationship between climate change and the nomadic migration, especially over the long term and on a large spatial scale. The study used correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Granger causality analysis to quantitatively verify the following causal pathway: climate change &amp;#8594; nomadic migration &amp;#8594; conflicts between pastoralists and agriculturalists. In the long term, precipitation was a  statistically more influential factor on nomadic migration than temperature in historical China....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2014

Empowering Local People through Community-based Resource Monitoring: a Comparison of Brazil and Namibia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rostant, Luke; University of the West Indies; lrostant@gmail.com; Marinelli, Carlos Eduardo; Instituto Socioambiental; caemari@gmail.com.
Biological resource monitoring systems are implemented in many countries and often depend on the participation of local people. It has been suggested that these systems empower local participants while promoting conservation. We reviewed three wildlife monitoring systems in indigenous lands and sustainable development reserves in Brazilian Amazonia and one in Namibian Caprivi conservancies, analyzing the strategies adopted and conditions that facilitated local empowerment, as well as potential impacts on conservation. This provided insights into potential avenues to strengthen empowerment outcomes of monitoring systems in Latin America and Africa. We assessed four dimensions of empowerment at individual and community scales: psychological, social,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Acre; Amaz&amp;#244; Nas; Caprivi; Community participation; Decentralization; Indigenous people; Protected area; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2012

Ups and Downs in Pollinator Populations: When is there a Decline?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roubik, David Ward; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; roubikd@tivoli.si.edu.
Plant-pollinator systems inherently possess wide variation that limits the applicability of surveys on population dynamics or diversity. Stable habitats are scarcely studied, whereas dynamics in unprotected habitats are less predictable or more compromised by exotic organisms (Apis, in the case of bee surveys). An extensively replicated, long-term study of orchid-bees (Euglossini) was made in protected tropical moist forest in Panama. Over 47,000 bees were recorded in 124 monthly censuses employing 1952 counts. No aggregate trend in abundance occurred (from 1979 to 2000), although four individual species declined, nine increased, 23 showed no change, and species richness was stable. No rare or parasitic species showed decreasing trends, while the most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ENSO; Euglossini; Abundance variability; Bees; Census techniques; Diversity; Pollinators; Trends; Tropical- temperate comparisons.
Ano: 2001

Navigating a Murky Adaptive Comanagement Governance Network: Agua Fria Watershed, Arizona, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Childs, Cameron; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; cameron.childs@hotmail.com; York, Abigail M.; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; Abigail.York@asu.edu; White, Dave; School of Community Resources and Development, Decision Center for a Desert City, Arizona State University;; Schoon, Michael L.; School of Sustainability, Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University;; Bodner, Gitanjali S.; The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona;.
Adaptive comanagement endeavors to increase knowledge and responsiveness in the face of uncertainty and complexity. However, when collaboration between agency and nonagency stakeholders is mandated, rigid institutions may hinder participation and ecological outcomes. In this case study we analyzed qualitative data to understand how participants perceive strengths and challenges within an emerging adaptive comanagement in the Agua Fria Watershed in Arizona, USA that utilizes insight and personnel from a long-enduring comanagement project, Las Cienegas. Our work demonstrates that general lessons and approaches from one project may be transferable, but particular institutions, management structures, or projects must be place-specific. As public agencies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Agua Fria watershed  Arizona; Governance network; Qualitative research.
Ano: 2013

The potential of, and threat to, the transfer of ecological knowledge in urban areas: the case of community-based woodland management in Tokyo, Japan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tsuchiya, Kazuaki; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba; tcy@live.jp; Aoyagi, Midori; Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies; aoyagi@nies.go.jp; Okuro, Toshiya; Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; aokuro@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Takeuchi, Kazuhiko; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science, The University of Tokyo; United Nations University; atake@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Urban dwellers often have little knowledge of local ecosystems, but community groups that actively manage local ecosystems can acquire a rich ecological knowledge. Understanding the knowledge transfer process within community groups contributes to the continuous improvement of urban ecosystem management. In this paper, we address three main questions: (1) How is ecological knowledge acquisition linked to boundary and intra-group interactions? (2) Does holding knowledge mean the involvement in actual management activities? (3) Does the aging of community group members threaten the continuity of activities? We selected satoyama woodlands (seminatural woodlands) in peri-urban Tokyo, Japan as a study site. We used a mixed method approach that combined a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Local ecological knowledge; Mixed method; Satoyama; Urban ecology; Woodland management.
Ano: 2014

Toward an Integrative Perspective on Social Learning in System Innovation Initiatives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beers, Pieter J.; Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Erasmus University Rotterdam; Knowledge, Technology &amp; Innovation, Wageningen University; beers@drift.eur.nl; Mierlo, Barbara van; Knowledge, Technology &amp; Innovation, Wageningen University; barbara.vanmierlo@wur.nl; Hoes, Anne-Charlotte; Knowledge, Technology &amp; Innovation, Wageningen University; LEI Wageningen UR; anne-charlotte.hoes@wur.nl.
Sustainability transitions go hand in hand with learning. Theories in the realm of sustainability sciences mostly concentrate on diversity and learning outcomes, whereas theories from the educational sciences mostly focus on learning as an interactive process. In this contribution, we aim to benefit from an integration of these perspectives in order to better understand how different interaction patterns contribute to learning. We studied STAP, an innovation initiative of Dutch greenhouse growers. The Dutch greenhouse sector is predominantly focused on production and efficiency, which causes problems for its future viability. STAP aimed to make the sector more market-oriented while at the same time increasing its societal acceptability (societally...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse growers; Innovation; Interaction patterns; Social learning; Sustainability transitions.
Ano: 2016

Electronic Field Guides and User Communities in the Eco-informatics Revolution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stevenson, R. D.; University of Massachusetts Boston; robert.stevenson@umb.edu; Haber, William A; Missouri Botanical Garden; whaber@racsa.co.cr; Morris, Robert; UMASS Boston; ram@cs.umb.edu.
The recognition that taxonomy is central to the conservation of biodiversity has reestablished the critical role of taxonomy in biology. However, many of the tools taxonomists produce for the identification and characterization of species, e.g., dichotomous keys, have been difficult to use and largely ignored by the general public in favor of field guides, which are essentially browsable picture guides. We review the role of field guides in species identification and discuss the application of a host of digital technologies to produce user-friendly tools for identification that are likely to greatly enhance species identification in the field by nonspecialists. We suggest that wider adoption of the citizen science model and the use of electronic field...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics; Birding; Citizen science; Ecoinformatics; Field biology; Field guides; Species identification; Taxonomic keys; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2003

Interactive Land-Use Planning in Indonesian Rain-Forest Landscapes:  Reconnecting Plans to Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wollenberg, Eva; University of Vermont; lini.wollenberg@uvm.edu; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research; bruce.campbell@cdu.edu.au; Dounias, Edmond; CIFOR; e.dounias@cgiar.org; Gunarso, Petrus; Tropenbos; tropenbos@telkom.net; Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; m.moeliono@cgiar.org; Sheil, Douglas; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation; douglassheil@itfc.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Land- use planning; Adaptive management; Borneo; Decentralization; Local knowledge; Spatial planning; Systems frameworks.
Ano: 2009

Environmental Factors Influencing the Spread of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in wild birds in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Si, Yali; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University; yali@itc.nl; Wang, Tiejun; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; tiejun@itc.nl; Skidmore, Andrew K.; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; skidmore@itc.nl; de Boer, Willem  F. ; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; Fred.deBoer@wur.nl; Li, Lin; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University; lilin@whu.edu.cn; Prins, Herbert H.T.; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; herbert.prins@wur.nl.
A large number of occurrences of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds were reported in Europe. The relationship between the occurrence pattern and environmental factors has, however, not yet been explored. This research uses logistic regression to quantify the relationships between anthropogenic or physical environmental factors and HPAI H5N1 occurrences. Our results indicate that HPAI H5N1 occurrences are highly correlated with the following: the increased normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in December; intermediate NDVI in March; lower elevations; increased minimum temperatures in January; and reduced precipitation in January. A predictive risk map of HPAI H5N1 occurrences in wild birds in Europe was generated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Anthropogenic environmental factor; Europe; HPAI H5N1; Physical environmental factor; Risk mapping; Wild birds.
Ano: 2010

How does Diversity Matter? The Case of Brazilian River Basin Councils
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; The Earth Institute at Columbia University; ab3477@columbia.edu; Engle, Nathan Lee; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; nengle@umich.edu; Lemos, Maria Carmen; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; lemos@umich.edu.
Diversity as a concept has often been perceived as a positive system attribute to pursue and protect. However, in some social settings, the way different kinds of diversity shape outcomes can vary significantly.  Diversity of ideas and individuals sometimes can lead to disagreement and conflict, which in turn can lead to both positive and negative outcomes.  In this study, we examine identity diversity, i.e., age, income, education, worldviews, etc., within the context of Brazilian water governance.  We find that within the basins studied in this project, first, the more diversity in organizations and the sectors represented on the council, the more council members participate in council activities, perceive decision making to be democratic, and perceive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Identity diversity; Integrated water resources management.
Ano: 2011

The Capacity of Property Rights to Accommodate Social-Ecological Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnes, Richard A; University of Hull; r.a.barnes@hull.ac.uk.
Here, I consider how social-ecological resilience can be facilitated by the use of property rights. Taking a legal perspective on the use of different forms of property, I consider how property rules can manifest the attributes of flexibility, responsiveness, optionality, and scalability associated with resilient systems. I note how different regulatory regimes such as domestic law and international law have differing capacities to accommodate property rights, and this in turn affects the capability of property to sustain resilience. The fluid nature of resilience and property systems defies simple conclusions about the influence of property rights on resilience. However, it is possible to make some general observations on how well-suited archetype forms...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Community-based holdings; Domestic law; Environmental law; EU law; International law; Natural resources; Private property; Property; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Ecological States and the Resilience of Coral Reefs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McClanahan, Tim; Wildlife Conservation Society; crcp@africaonline.co.ke; Polunin, Nicholas; Newcastle University; n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk; Done, Terry; Australian Institute of Marine Science; t.done@aims.gov.au.
We review the evidence for multiple ecological states and the factors that create ecological resilience in coral reef ecosystems. There are natural differences among benthic communities along gradients of water temperature, light, nutrients, and organic matter associated with upwelling-downwelling and onshore-offshore systems. Along gradients from oligotrophy to eutrophy, plant-animal symbioses tend to decrease, and the abundance of algae and heterotrophic suspension feeders and the ratio of organic to inorganic carbon production tend to increase. Human influences such as fishing, increased organic matter and nutrients, sediments, warm water, and transportation of xenobiotics and diseases are common causes of a large number of recently reported ecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon production; Coral reefs; Diseases; Ecological stress; Fishing; Global climate change; Keystone species; Oligotrophy-eutrophy; Resilience; Trophic ecology.
Ano: 2002

The Conservation Contributions of Conservation Easements: Analysis of the San Francisco Bay Area Protected Lands Spatial Database
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rissman, Adena R; University of California at Berkeley; arissman@nature.berkeley.edu; Merenlender, Adina M; University of California at Berkeley; adina@nature.berkeley.edu.
Conservation easements have emerged as an important tool for land trusts and government agencies aiming to conserve private land in the United States. Despite the increase in public investment in conservation easement acquisitions, little is known about their conservation outcomes, particularly at a landscape scale. The nine-county San Francisco Bay Area exemplifies a complex conservation context: 190 organizations hold 24% of the land base in some type of protection status. Using a detailed protected lands database, we compared the contributions of conservation easements and fee-simple protected areas to ecological, agricultural, and public recreation benefits. We found that conservation easements were more likely to conserve grasslands, oak woodlands,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation easements; Land trusts; Private land conservation; Protected areas; Protected area databases; Open space; Institutions; San Francisco Bay Area; Working landscapes; Recreation.
Ano: 2008

The "Yellow Pages of Life": On-line Catalogue of World Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; r_davic@yahoo.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000

Industrial Restructuring and Urban Change in the Pittsburgh Region: Developmental, Ecological, and Socioeconomic Trade-offs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haller, William; Clemson University; whaller@clemson.edu.
This article traces the steel industry's restructuring during the 1980s and its consequences for older industrial regions tied historically to steel production.  These regions contained large working-class communities that declined because of deindustrialization and restructuring. This article first examines the transition of the steel industry from its roots in extractive and primary manufacturing to a scrap-recycling industry that minimizes labor and raw material inputs.  This transition parallels the structural changes in other industries addressed by political economic perspectives, such as the new international division of labor and globalization of production.  The article then focuses on the socioeconomic and structural changes, using the Pittsburgh...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deindustrialization; Economic restructuring; Underclass; Uneven development.
Ano: 2005

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation&amp;#8217;s blind spots
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Center for International Forestry Research; douglas.sheil@nmbu.no; Beaudoin, Guillaume; Center for International Forestry Research; g.beaudoin7@gmail.com.
Although official on-the-ground environmental monitoring is absent over much of the world, many people living in these regions observe, manage, and protect their environment.  The autonomous monitoring processes associated with these activities are seldom documented and appear poorly recognized by conservation professionals. We identified monitoring activities in three villages in the Mamberamo-Foja region (Mamberamo Regency) of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea). In each village we found evidence that local monitoring contributes to effective protection and deters unregulated exploitation. Although everyone gathers observations and shares information, there are also specific roles. For example, the Ijabait hereditary guardians live at strategic sites where...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Autonomous monitoring; Common property; Community conservation; Community management; Deterrence; Indonesia; Managing the commons; Papua; Participatory resource assessment; Policing.
Ano: 2015

The Question of Scale in Integrated Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lovell, Chris; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; c&amp;c.lovell@xtra.co.nz; Mandondo, Alois; ; mandondo@africaonline.co.zw; Moriarty, Patrick; ; moriarty@irc.nl.
Lessons from integrated natural resource management (INRM) practiced at different scales are reviewed, with a focus on catchment management. INRM is complex, and many interactions have to be addressed. Consequently, the scale of investigation can restrict the generality and utility of the findings. Examples show that temporal, biophysical, and institutional scales can each be critical. Contexts and dynamics associated with particular scales, and interactions or lateral flows that become important with increasing scale, also pose serious challenges. A conceptual framework is presented for scaling issues in INRM and how to deal with them. To benefit many people over large areas within sensible time frames requires considerable political will, investment, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common property management; Community-based natural resource management; Devolution; Going to scale; Integrated catchment management; Integrated natural resource management; Integrated water resource management; Participatory watershed development; Scaling-out; Scaling-up; Spatial scale; Temporal scale.
Ano: 2002

Environmental tastes, opinions and behaviors: social sciences in the service of cultural ecosystem service assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Katz-Gerro, Tally; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Haifa; tkatz@soc.haifa.ac.il; Orenstein, Daniel E; Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; DanielO@ar.technion.ac.il.
Cultural ecosystem services are the nonmaterial ways in which humans derive benefits from ecosystems. They are distinct from other types of ecosystem services in that they are not only intangible, but they require an entirely different set of research tools to identify, characterize, and value them. We offer a novel way to assess how individuals perceive and use their local ecosystem, thereby advancing the state-of-the-art of cultural ecosystem service assessment. We identify distinct environmental "tastes" that represent general dispositions, preferences, or orientations regarding particular characteristics of the environment. We then use these environmental tastes to explain environmental behaviors (e.g., engagement in outdoor activities and resource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural ecosystem services; Environmental attitudes and behaviors; Environmental tastes; Hyperarid ecosystems; Socio-ecology.
Ano: 2015

Social Learning through Participatory Integrated Catchment Risk Assessment in the Solomon Islands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoverman, Suzanne; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland; suzannehoverman@optusnet.com.au; Ross, Helen; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland; Helen.Ross@uq.edu.au; Chan, Terence; Water Studies Centre, Monash University, Victoria; terence.chan@sci.monash.edu.au; Powell, Bronwyn; International WaterCentre Brisbane, Queensland; b.powell@watercentre.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catchment risk assessment; Collective social action; Deliberative democratic theory; Developing countries; Integrated Water Resources Management  IWRM; Knowledge systems; Social learning; Solomon Islands; Pacific Islands.
Ano: 2011

Ecological History vs. Social Expectations: Managing Aquatic Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reeves, Gordon H.; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; greeves@fs.fed.us; Duncan, Sally L.; Institute of Natural Resources, Oregon State University; Sally.Duncan@oregonstate.edu.
The emerging perspective of ecosystems as both non-equilibrium and dynamic fits aquatic ecosystems as well as terrestrial systems. It is increasingly recognized that watersheds historically passed through different conditions over time. Habitat conditions varied in quantity and quality, primarily as a function of the time since the last major disturbance and the legacy of that disturbance. Thus, to match the effects of historical processes, we would expect a variety of conditions to exist across the watersheds in a region at any time. Additionally, watersheds have different potentials to provide habitat for given fish species because of variation in physical features. This developing ecological understanding is often preempted by social desires to bring...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquatic ecosystems; Legacy of disturbance; Non-equilibrium ecosystem dynamics.
Ano: 2009

Protected Areas and Local Communities: an Inevitable Partnership toward Successful Conservation Strategies?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andrade, Gustavo S. M.; The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; gsalgado.andrade@gmail.com; Rhodes, Jonathan R; The University of Queensland, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; j.rhodes@uq.edu.au.
Many protected areas (PAs) have followed the conventional and exclusionary approach applied at Yellowstone in 1872. As such, many parks have failed to fully integrate other important factors, such as social, cultural, and political issues. In some cases, this has triggered adverse social impacts on local communities, disrupting their traditional ways of living and limiting their control of and access to natural resources. Such an outcome can undermine protection policies through conflicts between park managers and local communities. The success of conservation strategies through protected areas may lie in the ability of managers to reconcile biodiversity conservation goals with social and economic issues and to promote greater compliance of local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based natural resource management; Compliance; Conservation; Empowerment; Participation; Protected area management; Stewardship.
Ano: 2012

Rethinking Resilience: Reflections on the Earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, 2010 and 2011
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hayward, Bronwyn Mary; School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand;   Sustainable Lifestyles Research Group, University of Surrey, UK; Voices of the Future, University of Oslo, Norway; bronwyn.hayward@canterbury.ac.nz.
Resilience has emerged as a policy response in an era of public concern about disasters and risks that include fear of terrorism and environmental or economic catastrophe. Resilience is both a refreshing and a problematic concept. It is refreshing in that it creates new opportunities for interdisciplinary research and vividly reminds us that the material world matters in our social lives, political economy, and urban planning. However, the concept of resilience is also problematic.  Widespread, uncritical calls for greater resilience in response to environmental, economic, and social challenges often obscure significant questions of political power. In particular, we may ask, resilience of what, and for whom?    My reflection here was written in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Citizenship; Earthquake; Political agency; Resilience  social justice.
Ano: 2013

Climate Variability Reveals Complex Events for Tularemia Dynamics in Man and Mammals
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Palo, Thomas R; Mid-Sweden University; Thomas.palo@miun.se.
Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, but the natural reservoir is unknown and environmental conditions for outbreaks in mammals and man are poorly understood. The present study analyzed the synchrony between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the number of human cases of tularemia reported in Sweden, and the density of hares. Climate variation at a lag of 2 yr explained as a single factor ~ 27% of the variation in the number of tularemia cases over time. A low NAO index, indicating cold winters, and low water flow in rivers during the coming summer were associated with high numbers of human cases of tularemia 2 yr later. The number of mountain hares was not related to NAO or to the number of cases of tularemia. The change...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Tularemia; Climate; North Atlantic Oscillation index; Disease transmission; Global warming; Francisella tularensis; Lepus timidus.
Ano: 2005

Beyond Roadkill, Radiotracking, Recapture and FST&amp;#8212;a Review of Some Genetic Methods to Improve Understanding of the Influence of Roads on Wildlife
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Simmons, Jody M; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; jodymichellesimmons@yahoo.com.au; Sunnucks, Paul; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; paul.sunnucks@sci.monash.edu.au; Taylor, Andrea C; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; andrea.taylor@sci.monash.edu.au; van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au.
Habitat fragmentation continues to occur despite increasing evidence of its adverse effects on ecosystems. One of the major detrimental effects of roads and traffic is the creation of barriers or filters to the movement of wildlife, ultimately disconnecting some populations. Our understanding of the extent to which roads reduce the movement of biota is mostly based on field-based observational methods of inferring animal movement, and to a much smaller extent, on allele frequency-based genetic analyses. Field-based methods, as it is typically feasible to apply them, tend to be informative at fine temporal and spatial scales. Allele frequency-based genetic methods are informative at broad geographic scales but at timescales usually greater than recent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Barrier; Dispersal; Gene flow; Genotypic analyses; Habitat fragmentation; Road ecology.
Ano: 2010

What Is the Vulnerability of a Food System to Global Environmental Change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ericksen, Polly J; ECI/GECAFS; polly.ericksen@eci.ox.ac.uk.
Assessing the vulnerability of broadly described food systems to global environmental change requires a new, synthetic approach.  Food systems can best be conceptualized as the integration of humans and the environment or coupled social-ecological systems.  However, much of the existing literature on vulnerability assessment focuses on either social or ecological systems, and conceptual gaps limit the holistic evaluation of linked systems in which both social and ecosystem outcomes are important.  I suggest an approach with which to integrate factors across a food system to assess the system&amp;#8217;s vulnerability to environmental change by focusing on key processes and system characteristics.  However, the multiple objectives of different actors in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Food security; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008

Information networks and power: confronting the "wicked problem" of REDD+ in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; M.Moeliono@cgiar.org; Gallemore, Caleb; University of Ohio, Center for International Forestry Research; caleb.gallemore@gmail.com; Santoso, Levania; Center for International Forestry Research; L.Santoso@cgiar.org; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds; M.DiGregorio@leeds.ac.uk.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a priority issue for forest and climate policy in Indonesia, and REDD+ policy-making activity has been characterized by considerable public consultation. Despite this engagement, discussions on REDD+ in Indonesia are reported to have remained top-down, a disconcerting pattern when adaptive governance and transformational change require cross-scale and cross-sectoral communication. Explicitly modeling the patterns of information exchange related to REDD+ can clarify these claims and help identify potential barriers to the transformational change needed to implement REDD+. We used data obtained through semistructured and structured interviews held in 2011 with representatives from a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Information exchange; Natural resource governance; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014

Management and the Problem of Scale
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; slevin@eno.princeton.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997

Local Consequences of Applying International Norms: Differences in the Application of Forest Certification in Northern Sweden, Northern Finland, and Northwest Russia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tysiachniouk, Maria; Centre for Independent Social Research, St. Petersburg, Russia; tysiachn@indepsocres.spb.ru.
Forest certification, developed in the early 1990s, is a process in which independent assessors grant use of the certification label to producers who meet certain environmental and social criteria set for their forest products. This label was quickly seen to offer a market advantage and to signal corporate social and environmental responsibility. This paper focuses on international norms pertaining to environmental and indigenous rights, as manifested in cases of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)- and Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)-compatible certification, and how these norms have been applied domestically and perceived locally in different states. Case studies are drawn from northern Sweden, northern Finland, and three...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Finland; Forest certification; Russia; Sweden.
Ano: 2009

Spatial Modeling of Risk in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Peter; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); p.jones@cgiar.org; Thornton, Philip K; International Livestock Research Institute; P.Thornton@cgiar.org.
Making decisions in natural resource management involves an understanding of the risk and uncertainty of the outcomes, such as crop failure or cattle starvation, and of the normal spread of the expected production. Hedging against poor outcomes often means lack of investment and slow adoption of new methods. At the household level, production instability can have serious effects on income and food security. At the national level, it can have social and economic impacts that may affect all sectors of society. Crop models such as CERES-Maize are excellent tools for assessing weather-related production variability. WATBAL is a water balance model that can provide robust estimates of the potential growing days for a pasture. These models require large...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crop modeling; Dryland agriculture; Global change; Global Circulation Model; Maize; Markov models; MarkSim; Natural resource management; Risk; Southern Africa; Spatial modeling; Weather simulation.
Ano: 2002

Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Social Resilience within Commercial Fisheries in Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marshall, Nadine A; CSIRO; nadine.marshall@csiro.au; Marshall, Paul A; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; p.marshall@gbrmpa.gov.au.
How can we tell whether resource-dependent people are socially resilient to institutional change? This question is becoming increasingly important as demand for natural resources escalates, requiring resource managers to implement policies that are increasingly restrictive on resource users. Yet policy changes are frequently made without a good understanding of the likely social and economic consequences. Knowledge of the resilience of resource users to changes in resource-use policies can assist in the design and implementation of policies that minimize the impacts on people while maximizing the sustainability of ecosystem goods and services. Despite the appeal of resilience as a framework for sustaining human-environment relations, there has been a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social resilience; Social adaptation; Social impacts; Institutional change; Socio-ecological systems; Integrated research; Policy response; Natural resource management; Fishing; Australia.
Ano: 2007

Responding to Globalization: Impacts of Certification on Colombian Small-Scale Coffee Growers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rueda, Ximena; Department of Environmental Earth System Science, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University; School of Management, Universidad de los Andes; xrueda@alum.mit.edu.
Eco-certification of food and other agricultural products has been promoted as a way of making markets work for sustainability. Certification programs offer a price premium to producers who invest in more sustainable practices. The literature on the impacts of certification has focused primarily on the economic benefits farmers perceive from participating in these schemes. These benefits, however, are often subject to price variability, offering only a partial explanation of why farmers join and stay in certification programs. We evaluated the potential of the Rainforest Alliance certification program to foster more resilient social-ecological systems in the face of globalization. Using the case of Santander, Colombia, and a pair-based comparison of 86...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Colombia; Eco-certification; Globalization; Land change.
Ano: 2013

Visions, beliefs, and transformation: exploring cross-sector and transboundary dynamics in the wider Mekong region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Smajgl, Alex; MERFI Mekong Region Futures Institute; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; alex.smajgl@mekongfutures.com; Ward, John R.; MERFI Mekong Region Futures Institute; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; john.ward@mekongfutures.com; Foran, Tira; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; tira.foran@csiro.au; Dore, John; DFAT Australian Aid, Australian Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand; John.Dore@ausaid.gov.au; Larson, Silva; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; College of Business, Law and Governance, Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University; silva.larson@jcu.edu.au.
Policy and investment decisions in highly connected, developing regions can have implications that extend beyond their initial objectives of national development and poverty reduction. Local level decisions that aim to promote trajectories toward desirable futures are often transformative, unexpectedly altering factors that are determined at higher regional levels. The converse also applies. The ability to realize desirable local futures diminishes if decision-making processes are not coordinated with other influential governance and decision levels. Providing effective support across multiple levels of decision making in a connected, transformative environment requires (a) identification and articulation of desired outcomes at the relevant levels of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Development; Mekong; Participatory research.
Ano: 2015

Habitat Scale Mapping of Fisheries Ecosystem Service Values in Estuaries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O&amp;#8217;Higgins, Timothy G.; Scottish Association for Marine Sciences; tim.ohiggins@gmail.com; Ferraro, Steven P.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;; Dantin, Darrin D.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;; Jordan, Steve J.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;; Chintala, Marnita M; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;.
Little is known about the variability of ecosystem service values at spatial scales most relevant to local decision makers. Competing definitions of ecosystem services, the paucity of ecological and economic information, and the lack of standardization in methodology are major obstacles to applying the ecosystem-services approach at the estuary scale. We present a standardized method that combines habitat maps and habitat&amp;#8211;faunal associations to estimate ecosystem service values for recreational and commercial fisheries in estuaries. Three case studies in estuaries on the U.S. west coast (Yaquina Bay, Oregon), east coast (Lagoon Pond, Massachusetts), and the Gulf of Mexico (Weeks Bay, Alabama) are presented to illustrate our method&amp;#8217;s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Estuary; Habitat; Mapping; Valuation.
Ano: 2010

Stasis and change: social psychological insights into social-ecological resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hobman, Elizabeth V.; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of Queensland; Elizabeth.V.Hobman@csiro.au; Walker, Iain; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of Western Australia ; iain.a.walker@csiro.au.
Ecologists have used the concept of resilience since the 1970s. Resilience also features in many of the social and economic sciences, though in a less central role and with a variety of interpretations. Developing a fuller understanding of the concept of social-ecological resilience promises advances in how science can contribute to achieving better environmental outcomes, locally and globally. Such a development requires articulation of different perspectives on resilience and critical engagement across those perspectives. We present, in some detail, a particular perspective on resilience developed by the pioneering social psychologist Kurt Lewin. We suggest that Lewin&amp;#8217;s explicit use of social-ecological systems in his framework presaged much of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Action research; Kurt Lewin; Resilience; Social ecology.
Ano: 2015

The Challenge of Developing Social Indicators for Cumulative Effects Assessment and Land Use Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mitchell, Ross E.; Environmental Resources Management; ross.mitchell@ualberta.net; Parkins, John R.; University of Alberta; jparkins@ualberta.ca.
This paper provides a synopsis on social indicators as relevant to cumulative effects assessment and land use planning. Although much has been done to better understand the social dimensions of environmental assessment, empirical work has been lacking on social indicators that could be used either as measurable inputs or outputs for cumulative effects assessment and land use planning in different kinds of communities and regions. Cumulative effects models currently in practice often fail to address deeper issues of community and regional well-being. Against this gap, social scientists are being asked to make reliable generalizations about functional, measurable relationships between certain social indicators and land use change or scenarios. To address...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Acceptable change; Cumulative assessment; Land use planning; Social development; Social impact; Social indicators; Social thresholds.
Ano: 2011

Communicating Ecological Indicators to Decision Makers and the Public
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schiller, Andrew; Clark University; aschille@black.clarku.edu; Hunsaker, Carolyn T; Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service; carolyn.hunsaker/psw_fresno@fs.fed.us; Kane, Michael A; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; mkane1@utk.edu; Wolfe, Amy K; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; ami@ornl.gov; Dale, Virginia H; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; vhd@ornl.gov; Suter, Glenn W; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NCEA; suter.glenn@epamail.epa.gov; Russell, Clifford S; Vanderbilt University; cliff.russell@vanderbilt.edu; Pion, Georgine; Vanderbilt University;; Jensen, Molly H; ;; Konar, Victoria C; ;.
Ecological assessments and monitoring programs often rely on indicators to evaluate environmental conditions. Such indicators are frequently developed by scientists, expressed in technical language, and target aspects of the environment that scientists consider useful. Yet setting environmental policy priorities and making environmental decisions requires both effective communication of environmental information to decision makers and consideration of what members of the public value about ecosystems. However, the complexity of ecological issues, and the ways in which they are often communicated, make it difficult for these parties to fully engage such a dialogue. This paper describes our efforts to develop a process for translating the indicators of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common language; Communication; Decision making; Ecological indicators; Ecological monitoring; Environmental assessments; Environmental values; Public input.
Ano: 2001

Social Infrastructure to Integrate Science and Practice: the Experience of the Long Tom Watershed Council
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Flitcroft, Rebecca L; USDA Forest Service; becky.flitcroft@oregonstate.edu; Dedrick, Dana C; Long Tom Watershed Council Executive Director ; coordinator@longtom.org; Smith, Courtland L; Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University; csmith@oregonstate.edu; Thieman, Cynthia A; Long Tom Watershed Council Restoration Director; restoration@longtom.org; Bolte, John P; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University; boltej@engr.orst.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Habitat restoration; Oregon; Science and practice; Social infrastructure; Watershed management; Water quality; Watershed councils; Watershed organizations.
Ano: 2009

Searching Explanations of Nature in the Mirror World of Math
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen Agricultural University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl.
Despite the huge scientific progress of the last century, the dynamics of complex systems such as the atmosphere, human societies, and ecosystems remain difficult to understand and predict. Nonetheless, our ability to carve the future depends largely on our insight into the functioning of such complex systems. Complex systems are the focus of considerable mathematical theory. Rather than referring to any particular part of the world, such theory addresses what seems to be another world: a world of strange attractors, catastrophe folds, torus destruction, and homoclinic bifurcations. So disparate is the language and notation in this discipline that it is hard to imagine that it has any thing to do with reality as we know it. Indeed, it deals with a kind of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bifurcation; Catastrophe; Chaos; Cycle; Daphnia; Fish; Macrophyte; Model; Multiple stable states; Plankton; Predation; Trophic cascade.
Ano: 1999

Human Dimensions of Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kittinger, John N; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; Impact Assessment, Inc.; jkittinger@gmail.com; Finkbeiner, Elena M; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University; elenafinkbeiner@gmail.com; Glazier, Edward W.; Impact Assessment, Inc.; edward.glazier@gmail.com; Crowder, Larry B.; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University; Larry.Crowder@Stanford.edu.
Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet but are declining because of human activities. Despite general recognition of the human role in the plight of coral reefs, the vast majority of research focuses on the ecological rather than the human dimensions of reef ecosystems, limiting our understanding of social relationships with these environments as well as potential solutions for reef recovery. General frameworks for social-ecological systems (SESs) have been advanced, but system-specific approaches are needed to develop a more nuanced view of human-environmental interactions for specific contexts and resource systems, and at specific scales. We synthesize existing concepts related to SESs and present a human dimensions framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Human dimensions; Reciprocity; Social science; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2012

Risk Mapping of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Distribution and Spread
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, A. Townsend; ; town@ku.edu; Williams, Richard A. J.; ; ricw@ku.edu.
The rapid emergence and spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza begs effective and accurate mapping of current knowledge and future risk of infection. Methods for such mapping, however, are rudimentary, and few good examples exist for use as templates for risk-mapping efforts. We review the transmission cycle of avian influenza viruses, and identify points on which risk-mapping can focus. We provide examples from the literature and from our work that illustrate mapping risk based on (1) avian influenza case occurrences, (2) poultry distributions and movements, and (3) migratory bird movements.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Land birds; Poultry; Risk mapping; Wild birds.
Ano: 2008

Code, L. 2006. Ecological Thinking: the Politics of Epistemic Location. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biermann, Maureen; Department  of Geography, Pennsylvania State University; biermann@psu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Book review; Ecology; Epistemology; Feminist philosophy; Resilience.
Ano: 2010

A Framework for Clarifying &amp;#8220;Participation&amp;#8221; in Participatory Research to Prevent its Rejection for the Wrong Reasons
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barreteau, Olivier; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; olivier.barreteau@cemagref.fr; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Daniell, Katherine A; Australian National University; katherine.daniell@gmail.com.
Participatory research relies on stakeholder inputs to obtain its acclaimed benefits of improved social relevance, validity, and actionability of research outcomes. We focus here on participatory research in the context of natural resource management. Participants&amp;#8217; acceptance of participatory research processes is key to their implementation. Our first assumption is that this positive view and acceptance of participation in research processes is a public good for the whole participatory research community. We also assume that the diversity of participatory forms of research is rarely considered by potential participants when they make their decisions about whether or not to participate in a proposed process. We specifically address how to avoid...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Framing; Information flow; Participatory research; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Resilient or Vulnerable Livelihoods? Assessing Livelihood Dynamics and Trajectories in Rural Botswana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sallu, Susannah M; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; s.sallu@leeds.ac.uk; Twyman, Chasca; Department of Geography, University of Sheffield; c.twyman@sheffield.ac.uk; Stringer, Lindsay C; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk.
In this paper, we explore the resilience and vulnerability of livelihoods within two different social-ecological dryland contexts of Botswana over the last 30 years. We drew on primary field data sources, including oral histories, livelihood surveys, ecological surveys, as well as documented evidence of environmental, socioeconomic, and institutional dynamics to identify a broad range of activities that combine to create a range of different household livelihood outcomes. We used this information as a starting point to assess the ways in which livelihoods have changed over time, and evaluated whether they have become more resilient or more vulnerable, and considered the factors that have contributed to these outcomes. In the context of dynamic dryland...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Livelihood strategies; Livelihood trajectories; Resilience; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2010

Feedback Loops in Conceptual Models of Land Change: Lost in Complexity?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hersperger, Anna M.; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; anna.hersperger@wsl.ch; Gennaio, Maria-Pia; Swiss Federal Research Institute Agroscope ART; maria.gennaio@art.admin.ch; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Conceptual models; Feedbacks; Land change.
Ano: 2011

Community Adaptation to the Hebei-Spirit Oil Spill
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheong, So-Min; University of Kansas; somin@ku.edu.
The focus of the research is the significance of dependence for communities to survive and adapt in times of environmental disasters.  It shifts the emphasis on self-reliant communities for survival and examines the types and effects of dependence and external linkages by analyzing the range of community responses that include initial responses, early social impact, compensation, and conflicts after the Hebei-Spirit oil spill in December 2007 in Korea.  The findings reveal that dependence is necessary, and the effects of dependence can be both positive and negative depending on the relations between external entities and affected communities as well as the community capacity to absorb resources and information.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Community adaptation; Community dependence; Resource; Hebei-Spirit; Knowledge; Oil spill.
Ano: 2012

REDD+ and Human Rights: Addressing Synergies between International Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Savaresi, Annalisa; School of Law, University of Edinburgh; annalisa.savaresi@ed.ac.uk.
The making of the REDD+ mechanism in the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has raised specific concerns on how to reconcile incentives for forest carbon sequestration with the protection of the rights of the numerous communities that rely upon forests for their livelihood, shelter, and survival. Although the nascent REDD+ mechanism provides an opportunity to provide multiple benefits, the design of a framework to secure such benefits and avoid perverse outcomes has proven complex. I provide an overview of progress toward the establishment of such framework, arguing that concerns over the social impact of REDD+ activities may be addressed by resorting to clearer and stronger links with human rights instruments.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; FLEGT; Forests; Human rights; Nagoya Protocol; REDD+.
Ano: 2013

Applications of resilience theory in management of a moose&amp;#8211;hunter system in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brown, Casey L; Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; clbrown12@alaska.edu; Kellie, Kalin A; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks;; Brinkman, Todd J; Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; tjbrinkman@alaska.edu; Kielland, Knut; Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks;.
We investigated wildfire-related effects on a slow ecological variable, i.e., forage production, and fast social-ecological variables, i.e., seasonal harvest rates, hunter access, and forage offtake, in a moose&amp;#8211;hunter system in interior Alaska. In a 1994 burn, average forage production increased slightly (5%) between 2007 and 2013; however, the proportional removal across all sites declined significantly (10%). This suggests that moose are not utilizing the burn as much as they have in the past and that, as the burn has aged, the apparent habitat quality has declined. Areas with a greater proportion of accessible burned area supported both high numbers of hunters and harvested moose. Our results suggest that evaluating ecological variables in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Moose; Resilience; Slow and fast variables; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2015

Building resilient pathways to transformation when &amp;#8220;no one is in charge&amp;#8221;: insights from Australia's Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Nick; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ; nick.abel@csiro.au; Wise, Russell M.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; russell.wise@csiro.au; Colloff, Matthew J.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Matt.Colloff@csiro.au; Walker, Brian H.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; brian.walker@csiro.au; Butler, James R. A.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; james.butler@csiro.au; Ryan, Paul; Australian Resilience Centre; paulryan@internode.on.net; Norman, Chris; Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority; chrisn@gbcma.vic.gov.au; Langston, Art; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; art.langston@csiro.au; Anderies, John M.; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Gorddard, Russell; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Russell.Gorddard@csiro.au; Dunlop, Michael; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; michael.dunlop@csiro.au; O'Connell, Deborah; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; deborah.o'connell@csiro.au.
Climate change and its interactions with complex socioeconomic dynamics dictate the need for decision makers to move from incremental adaptation toward transformation as societies try to cope with unprecedented and uncertain change. Developing pathways toward transformation is especially difficult in regions with multiple contested resource uses and rights, with diverse decision makers and rules, and where high uncertainty is generated by differences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values, understanding of climate change, and ways of adapting. Such a region is the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, from which we provide insights for developing a process to address these constraints. We present criteria for sequencing actions along adaptation pathways: feasibility...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation pathways; Climate change; Collective action; Domain shift; Equity; Irrigation; Resilience; Social conflict; Transformation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2016

The transformation of trust in China&amp;#8217;s alternative food networks: disruption, reconstruction, and development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Raymond Yu; Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong; wangyuray@connect.hku.hk; Si, Zhenzhong; University of Waterloo; zsi@uwaterloo.ca; Ng, Cho  Nam; Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong; cnng@hku.hk; Scott, Steffanie; University of Waterloo; sdscott@uwaterloo.ca.
Food safety issues in China have received much scholarly attention, yet few studies systematically examined this matter through the lens of trust. More importantly, little is known about the transformation of different types of trust in the dynamic process of food production, provision, and consumption. We consider trust as an evolving interdependent relationship between different actors. We used the Beijing County Fair, a prominent ecological farmers&amp;#8217; market in China, as an example to examine the transformation of trust in China&amp;#8217;s alternative food networks. We argue that although there has been a disruption of institutional trust among the general public since 2008 when the melamine-tainted milk scandal broke out, reconstruction of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative food networks; China; Food systems; Social theory; Trust transformation.
Ano: 2015

Implementing Integrated River Basin Management in China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: te Boekhorst, Dorri G. J.; Center for Sustainable Management of Resources, Raboud University Nijmegen; D.teBoekhorst@science.ru.nl; Smits, Toine J. M.; Center for Sustainable Management of Resources, Raboud University Nijmegen; a.smits@science.ru.nl; Yu, Xiubo ; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing;; Li, Lifeng; World Wide Fund for Nature China;; Lei, Gang; World Wide Fund for Nature China;; Zhang, Chen; World Wide Fund for Nature China;.
This paper examines the role of the World Wildlife Fund for Nature China as policy entrepreneur in China. It illustrates the ways in which the World Wildlife Fund for Nature is active in promoting integrated river basin management in the Yangtze River basin and how the efforts at basin level are matched with the advice of the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development task force on integrated river basin management to the national government of China. This article demonstrates that the World Wildlife Fund for Nature uses various strategies of different types to support a transition process towards integrated river basin management. Successful deployment of these strategies for change in environmental policy requires special...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: China; Integrated river basin management; Policy entrepreneur; Yangtze River basin.
Ano: 2010

Vulnerability of Worldwide Pastoralism to Global Changes and Interdisciplinary Strategies for Sustainable Pastoralism
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dong, Shikui; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; dongshikui@sina.com; Wen, Lu; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; wenlu5210@126.com; Liu, Shiliang; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; shiliangliu@163.com; Zhang, Xiangfeng; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; xfzhang999@gmail.com; Lassoie, James P.; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; jpl4@cornell.edu; Yi, Shaoliang; NRM (Land and Water), Aga Khan Foundation (Afghanistan), Kabul, Afghanistan; syi@icimod.org; Li, Xiaoyan ; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; lxynmu.2008@163.com; Li, Jinpeng; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; lijp_cool@126.com; Li, Yuanyuan ; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; yuanyuanhaha1989@163.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation management; Global change; Pastoral systems; Resilience enhancement; Vulnerability mitigation.
Ano: 2011

Using social network analysis to identify key stakeholders in agricultural biodiversity governance and related land-use decisions at regional and local level
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hauck, Jennifer; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; CoKnow Consulting - Coproducing Knowledge for Sustainability; jennifer.hauck@ufz.de; Schmidt, Jenny; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; jenny.schmidt@ufz.de.
In 2013 the European Commission launched its new green infrastructure strategy to make another attempt to stop and possibly reverse the loss of biodiversity until 2020, by connecting habitats in the wider landscape. This means that conservation would go beyond current practices to include landscapes that are dominated by conventional agriculture, where biodiversity conservation plays a minor role at best. The green infrastructure strategy aims at bottom-up rather than top-down implementation, and suggests including local and regional stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to know which stakeholders influence land-use decisions concerning green infrastructure at the local and regional level. The research presented in this paper served to select...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor analysis; Common agricultural policy; Coproduction of knowledge; Green infrastructure; Net-Map; Stakeholder analysis.
Ano: 2016

The Privilege to Fish
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lam, Mimi E.; University of British Columbia, Fisheries Centre, Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries ; mimibethlam@gmail.com; Calcari Campbell, Meaghan E.; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Meaghan.Calcari@moore.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Catch shares; Dedicated access privileges; Fishing access rights and duties; Fishing ecosystem-based management; Marine conservation; Overfishing; Public trust; Social responsibility; Stewardship.
Ano: 2012

Subsidized Fencing of Livestock as a Means of Increasing Tolerance for Wolves
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Depredation; Electric fencing; Human dimension; Proactive measures; Wolves.
Ano: 2011

Jatropha in Mexico: Environmental and Social Impacts of an Incipient Biofuel Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Skutsch, Margaret; Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; mskutsch@ciga.unam.mx; de los Rios, Emilio; REMBIO, Mexico; emiliodelos@gmail.com; Solis, Silvia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; solis.sm@gmail.com; Riegelhaupt, Enrique; REMBIO, Mexico; riegelya@yahoo.com; Hinojosa, Daniel; Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; idhinojosaf@gmail.com; Gerfert, Sonya; University of Twente, the Netherlands; s.gerfert@student.utwente.nl; Gao, Yan; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; yangao98@gmail.com; Masera, Omar; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; omasera@gmail.com.
Three case studies from Mexico are presented in which the impacts of the recent introduction of jatropha cultivation for biodiesel production are examined. In Chiapas and Michoacan, local social and environmental impacts were assessed using interviews with key informants and questionnaires directed at three groups of stakeholders: jatropha cultivators, farmers in the same areas who are not cultivating jatropha, and laborers on jatropha farms. Results show that the farmers are primarily motivated to participate by the subsidies offered in a government program in the first 2 years, rather than any proven economic benefit. Our farm budget study indicated that profits would be marginal for these farmers. However, no cases of land alienation were involved, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Carbon balance; Estates; Smallholders; Sustainability.
Ano: 2011

The Risks and Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Cunningham, Saul; CSIRO Entomology; saul.cunningham@ento.csiro.au; Deutsch, Lisa; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; lisad@system.ecology.su.se; Erickson, Jon; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; erickj@rpi.edu; Quinlan, Allyson; Conservation Ecology; aquinlan@resalliance.org; Tinch, Robert; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; R.Tinch@uea.ac.uk; Troell, Max; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; max@system.ecology.su.se; Woodbury, Peter; Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research; pbw1@cornell.edu; Zens, Scot; Department of Biology, Dartmouth College; zens@dartmouth.edu.
The benefits and risks of any particular GM crop depend on the interactions of its ecological functions and natural history with the agroecosystem and ecosystems within which it is embedded. These evolutionary and ecological factors must be considered when assessing GM crops. We argue that the assessment of GM crops should be broadened to include alternative agricultural practices, ecosystem management, and agricultural policy. Such an assessment would be facilitated by a clearer understanding of the indirect costs of agriculture and the ecological services that support it. The benefits of GM crops should be compared to those of other means of agricultural intensification such as organic farming, integrated pest management, and agricultural policy reform....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biotechnology; Genetically modified crops (GM); Interdisciplinary; Public dialogue; Regulation; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000

Monitoring Current Status of and Trends in Boreal Forest Land Use in Russian Karelia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Burnett, Charles; University of Salzburg; charles.burnett@sbg.ac.at; Fall, Andrew; Simon Fraser University; fall@cs.sfu.ca; Tomppo, Erkki; Finnish Forest Research Institute; Erkki.Tomppo@metla.fi; Kalliola, Risto; University of Turku; risto.kalliola@utu.fi.
Some of the last remaining near-natural boreal forest landscapes in northern Europe can be found in the Russian Karelia near its border with Finland. Currently, these forests are facing strong exploitation pressure in the form of extensive clearcuts. Demand for conservation is also high. We characterize the boreal forest landscape in the region and assess the impacts of past and potential management actions through a mapping and modeling study that synthesizes methods from landscape ecology, remote sensing, and simulation modeling. The forests of the study area were mapped using techniques for interpreting multitemporal satellite images and detecting changes. The species composition and structure of the forests were estimated using the multisource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Karelia; Russia; Finland; Boreal forest; Conservation policy; Dynamic modeling; Fragmentation; Land use; GIS.
Ano: 2003

Local knowledge production, transmission, and the importance of village leaders in a network of Tibetan pastoralists coping with environmental change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopping, Kelly A.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; khopping@stanford.edu; Yangzong, Ciren; Geography Department, Tibet University; ciy022@hotmail.com; Klein, Julia A.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University; julia.klein@colostate.edu.
Changing climate, social institutions, and natural resource management policies are reshaping the dynamics of social-ecological systems globally, with subsistence-based communities likely to be among the most vulnerable to the impacts of global change. These communities&amp;#8217; local ecological knowledge is increasingly recognized as a source of adaptive capacity for them as well as a crucial source of information to be incorporated into scientific understanding and policy making. We interviewed Tibetan pastoralists about their observations of environmental changes, their interpretations of the causes of these changes, and the ways in which they acquire and transmit this knowledge. We found that community members tended to agree that changing climate is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural consensus analysis  global change; Local ecological knowledge; Pastoralism; Social networks; Tibetan Plateau.
Ano: 2016

Power Corrupts - Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely...
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Indian Institute of Science; harini@ces.iisc.ernet.in.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

A mixed-methods analysis of social-ecological feedbacks between urbanization and forest persistence
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: BenDor, Todd; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; bendor@unc.edu; Shoemaker, Douglas A.; North Carolina State University; douglas.shoemaker@gmail.com; Thill, Jean-Claude; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Jean-Claude.Thill@uncc.edu; Dorning, Monica A.; North Carolina State University; madorning@gmail.com; Meentemeyer, Ross K.; North Carolina State University; ross_meentemeyer@ncsu.edu.
We examined how social-ecological factors in the land-change decision-making process influenced neighboring decisions and trajectories of alternative landscape ecologies. We decomposed individual landowner decisions to conserve or develop forests in the rapidly growing Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S. region, exposing and quantifying the effects of forest quality, and social and cultural dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that the intrinsic value of forest resources, e.g., cultural attachment to land, influence woodland owners&amp;#8217; propensity to sell. Data were collected from a sample of urban, nonindustrial private forest (U-NIPF) owners using an individualized survey design that spatially matched land-owner responses to the ecological and timber...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Forest persistence; Land-use change; Social-ecological feedbacks; Tax policy; Urban forests; Urbanization.
Ano: 2014

Does Adaptive Management of Natural Resources Enhance Resilience to Climate Change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tompkins, Emma L; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia; e.tompkins@uea.ac.uk; Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia; n.adger@uea.ac.uk.
Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable risks. We argue that these emerging insights have implications for policies and strategies for responding to climate change. We review perspectives on collective action for natural resource management to inform understanding of climate response capacity. We demonstrate the importance of social learning, specifically in relation to the acceptance of strategies that build social and ecological resilience. Societies and communities dependent on natural resources need to enhance their capacity to adapt to the impacts...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Trinidad and Tobago; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Community-based management; Natural resource management; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2004

Trends in total rainfall, heavy rain events, and number of dry days in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1955-2009
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nieves-Santiango, Alejandro; Graduate School of Public Health and Center for Public Health Preparedness, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus; alejandro.nieves1@upr.edu.
Climate variability is a threat to water resources on a global scale and in tropical regions in particular. Rainfall events and patterns are associated worldwide with natural disasters like mudslides and landslides, meteorological phenomena like hurricanes, risks/hazards including severe storms and flooding, and health effects like vector-borne and waterborne diseases. Therefore, in the context of global change, research on rainfall patterns and their variations presents a challenge to the scientific community. The main objective of this research was to analyze recent trends in precipitation in the San Juan metropolitan area in Puerto Rico and their relationship with regional and global climate variations. The statistical trend analysis of precipitation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Puerto Rico; Rainfall patterns; San Juan; Trend analysis.
Ano: 2014

Modeling Forest Succession among Ecological Land Units in Northern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Host, George; University of Minnesota - Duluth; ghost@sage.nrri.umn.edu; Pastor, John; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; jpastor@nrri.umn.edu.
Field and modeling studies were used to quantify potential successional pathways among fine-scale ecological classification units within two geomorphic regions of north-central Minnesota. Soil and overstory data were collected on plots stratified across low-relief ground moraines and undulating sand dunes. Each geomorphic feature was sampled across gradients of topography or soil texture. Overstory conditions were sampled using five variable-radius point samples per plot; soil samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen content. Climatic, forest composition, and soil data were used to parameterize the sample plots for use with LINKAGES, a forest growth model that simulates changes in composition and soil characteristics over time. Forest composition and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climatology; Dunes; Ecological classification systems (ECS); Forest growth model; Forest management; Forest; Succession; Geomorphology; LINKAGES; Moraines; Northern Minnesota; Overstory composition; Overstory composition; Soil properties.
Ano: 1998

A Theoretical Approach to Tourism Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Casagrandi, Renato; Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano; casagran@elet.polimi.it; Rinaldi, Sergio; CIRITA, Politecnico di Milano; rinaldi@elet.polimi.it.
This paper shows that it is difficult, if not impossible, to formulate policies that guarantee that tourism can be maintained for a long time without severely impacting on the environment. The analysis is purely theoretical and is based on very simple and general assumptions about the interactions between the three main components of the system: the tourists, the environment, and the capital. These assumptions are encapsulated in a so-called minimal model, used to predict the economic and environmental impact of any given policy. This paper is of value for three reasons. First, it introduces the approach of minimal descriptive models in the context of tourism, which has traditionally been dominated by the use of black-box econometric models. Second, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bifurcation analysis; Environment; Model; Nonlinear dynamics; Sustainability; Tourism.
Ano: 2002

History and Local Management of a Biodiversity-Rich, Urban Cultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barthel, Stephan; Stockholm University; stephan@ecology.su.se; Colding, Johan; Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics; johanc@beijer.kva.se; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University; thomase@ecology.su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se.
Urban green spaces provide socially valuable ecosystem services. Through an historical analysis of the development of the National Urban Park (NUP) of Stockholm, we illustrate how the co-evolutionary process of humans and nature has resulted in the high level of biological diversity and associated recreational services found in the park. The ecological values of the area are generated in the cultural landscape. External pressures resulting in urban sprawl in the Stockholm metropolitan region increasingly challenge the capacity of the NUP to continue to generate valuable ecosystem services. Setting aside protected areas, without accounting for the role of human stewardship of the cultural landscape, will most likely fail. In a social inventory of the area,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Local management; Nationalstadsparken; Resilience; Social-ecological system; Stockholm Urban Park; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2005

Lobster and Conch Fisheries of Belize: a History of Sequential Exploitation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitric, Miriam; The Beijer Institute; miriam@albaeco.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Belize; Marine reserves; Pathology of resource use; Queen conch; Sequential exploitation; Spiny lobster.
Ano: 2005

Application of the SES Framework for Model-based Analysis of the Dynamics of Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum (GCF), Berlin, Germany; hinkel@globalclimateforum.org; Bots, Pieter W. G. ; Technical University Delft, The Netherlands; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl.
Social-ecological systems (SES) are dynamic systems that continuously change in response to internal or external pressures. A better understanding of the interactions of the social and ecological systems that drive those dynamics is crucial for the development of sustainable management strategies. Dynamic models can serve as tools to explore social-ecological interactions; however, the complexity of the studied systems and the need to integrate knowledge, theories, and approaches from different disciplines pose considerable challenges for their development. We assess the potential of Ostrom&amp;#8217;s general SES framework (SESF) to guide a systematic and transparent process of model development in light of these difficulties. We develop a stepwise...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dynamic modeling; Model development; SES framework; Social-ecological modeling; Social-ecological processes.
Ano: 2014

Participatory Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Conservation and Development Projects: A Case Study of Local Communities in Southwest Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com.
People living in landscapes of high conservation value are trapped between their dependence on natural resources to meet their development aspirations and the international pressure to conserve those resources. Although it is increasingly recognized that the conservation of some natural resources cannot happen without providing alternative livelihood solutions for local communities dependent on them, global experiences illustrate that the successful integration of conservation and development continues to be elusive.  We adapted the approach  based on &amp;#8220;participatory vulnerability assessments&amp;#8221; developed for climate change research and applied it to changes occurring in a conservation and development context. As a case study, we focused...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exposure; Integrated conservation and development; Participatory vulnerability assessment; Risks.
Ano: 2010

An Empirical Analysis of the Social and Ecological Outcomes of State Subsidies for Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case Study from Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA); georgina.cundill@gmail.com; Tapia, Carlos; Universidad de La Serena; ctjopia@yahoo.es.
Small-scale fisheries, which are often associated with low levels of income and poor infrastructure, receive substantial funding from governmental institutions worldwide. Very few empirical studies have explored the outcomes of these investments for people and ecosystems. This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at assessing the social and ecological outcomes of government subsidies for small-scale fisheries through an analysis of 32 fishing villages, referred to as caletas, in Chile over a 12-year period. Findings suggest that the funding appears to be higher for those caletas with the highest value landings and is unrelated to socioeconomic need or poverty; that caletas in rural areas receive less investment than their urban counterparts; that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chile; Small-scale fisheries; Subsidies.
Ano: 2011

Understanding Recreational Fishers&amp;#8217; Compliance with No-take Zones in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias, Adrian; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; adrian.arias@my.jcu.edu.au; Sutton, Stephen G.; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University ; stephen.sutton@jcu.edu.au.
Understanding fishers&amp;#8217; compliance is essential for the successful management of marine protected areas. We used the random response technique (RRT) to assess recreational fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with no-take zones in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). The RRT allowed the asking of a sensitive question, i.e.,  &amp;#8220;Did you, knowingly, fish within in a Green Zone during the last 12 months?&amp;#8221; while protecting respondents&amp;#8217; confidentiality. Application of the RRT through a survey of recreational fishers indicated that the majority of recreational fishers, 90%, comply with no-take zones. Likewise, most fishers, 92%, reported not personally knowing anyone who had intentionally fished in a no-take zone, indicating...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Compliance; False consensus effect; Great Barrier Reef; Illegal fishing; Marine protected area; Marine reserve; No-take zones; Poaching; Random response technique (RRT); Recreational fishing.
Ano: 2013

Managing Science/Management Partnerships: A Challenge of Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogers, Kevin; University of the Witwatersrand; kevinr@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Local and regional strategies for rebuilding fisheries management institutions in coastal British Columbia: what components of comanagement are most critical?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University; evelyn_pinkerton@sfu.ca; Angel, Eric; Simon Fraser University; eangel@sfu.ca; Ladell, Neil; Simon Fraser University; nladell@sfu.ca; Williams, Percy; Gwayasdums, BC; gwayasdums@hotmail.com; Nicolson, Midori; Land &amp; Marine Resources Director, Dzawadaenuxw First Nation; midorin@telus.net; Thorkelson, Joy; United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union-UNIFOR; ufawupr@citytel.net; Clifton, Henry; Native Brotherhood of British Columbia; buddy_65@hotmail.com.
Aboriginal and nonaboriginal fishing-dependent communities on the coast of British Columbia, Canada, having lost traditional fisheries management institutions along with significant fishing opportunity, are in the process of rebuilding local and regional institutions to allow their survival. Sometimes, the rebuilding effort involves the creation of largely new institutions. It can also involve the reactivation, reinvention, or repositioning of older ones. We consider the aspirations, strategies, and activities of organizations in two regions of the coast involved in two different fisheries: salmon on the north coast and intertidal clams in the Broughton Archipelago. We analyze what the two regions have in common, as well as their differences, to generate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Clams; Fisheries comanagement; Necessary conditions; Regional institutions; Salmon.
Ano: 2014

Disturbance and distributions: avoiding exclusion in a warming world
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU); Douglas.Sheil@nmbu.no.
I highlight how disturbance determines species distributions and the implications for conservation practice. In particular, I describe opportunities to mitigate some of the threats to species resulting from climate change. Ecological theory shows that disturbance processes can often slow or prevent the exclusion of species by competitors and that different disturbance regimes result in different realized niches. There is much evidence of disturbance influencing where species occur. For example, disturbance can lower the high elevation treeline, thus expanding the area for high elevation vegetation that cannot otherwise persist under tree cover. The role of disturbance in influencing interspecific competition and resulting species persistence and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Competition-colonization trade-off; Competitive displacement; Competitive hierarchy; Elevation; Intermediate-disturbance-hypothesis; Source-sink dynamics; Succession.
Ano: 2016

The Potential Role of Mental Model Methodologies in Multistakeholder Negotiations: Integrated Water Resources Management in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Du Toit, Derick R; Association for Water and Rural Development; derick@award.org.za; Biggs, Harry; South African National Parks; biggs@sanparks.org; Pollard, Sharon; Association for Water and Rural Development; sharon@award.org.za.
Equitable redistribution of resources is an emergent phenomenon in democratizing countries, and attempts are often characterized by decentralized decision making within a framework of multistakeholder negotiations. South Africa offers a unique opportunity to explore the manifestations of these relationships, particularly through Integrated Water Resources Management and its National Water Act of 1998. The Integrated Water Resources Management framework provides for collaborative strategic planning, shared visioning, consideration to water resource protection, attention to the regulation of use, operational planning, and implementation of management plans. Water users, with different stakes and views of how the resource should be managed, are expected to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mental models; Participatory water management; Stakeholder negotiation.
Ano: 2011

Kenyan pastoralist societies in transition: varying perceptions of the value of ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kaye-Zwiebel, Eva; Resource Development Associates; evainkenya@gmail.com; King, Elizabeth; Odum School of Ecology and Warnell School of Forestry &amp; Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu.
In the drylands of northern Kenya, as elsewhere in Africa, traditional pastoralist social-ecological systems are undergoing profound transformations. Diminishing resource availability, changing social values and governance systems, and new resource management institutions challenge the capacity of communities for effective common pool resource management.  Individuals&amp;#8217; values and environmental perceptions play a substantial role in decision making regarding resource use and management. Additionally, social capital within communities can influence cooperative and adaptive resource management. We studied five Laikipia Maasai communities in Kenya, which share a common natural environment, history, and political organization.  We surveyed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Conservation; Grazing; Pastoralism; Social capital.
Ano: 2014

No Vision = Wandering in the Wilderness
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kotyk, Mel; Department of Fisheries and Oceans; kotykm@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Social Thresholds and their Translation into Social-ecological Management Practices
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Christensen, Lisa; Yukon College; lc.yukon@gmail.com; Krogman, Naomi; University of Alberta; naomi.krogman@ualberta.ca.
The objective of this paper is to provide a preliminary discussion of how to improve our conceptualization of social thresholds using (1) a more sociological analysis of social resilience, and (2) results from research carried out in collaboration with the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations of the Yukon Territory, Canada. Our sociological analysis of the concept of resilience begins with a review of the literature followed by placement of the concept in the domain of sociological theory to gain insight into its strengths and limitations. A new notion of social thresholds is proposed and case study research discussed to support the proposition. Our findings suggest that rather than view social thresholds as breakpoints between two regimes, as thresholds...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Functionalism; Social-ecological resilience; Thresholds; Yukon Territory.
Ano: 2012

Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Services in a Mountain Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Briner, Simon; ETH Zurich, Agri-Food and Agri-Environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science; briners@ethz.ch; Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch; Schmatz, Dirk R.; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; dirk.schmatz@wsl.ch.
Mountain ecosystems provide a broad range of ecosystem services (ES). Trade-offs between different ES are an important aspect in the assessment of future sustainable land-use. Management of ES in mountain regions must confront the challenges of spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and interaction with structural changes in agriculture and forestry. Using a social-ecological modeling framework, we assess the relationships between forest and agricultural ES in a mountain region in Switzerland. Based on the concept of jointness in production, we evaluated trade-offs and synergies among food provision, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and protection against natural hazards. Results show that increasing the provision of a focal ES in a mountain...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Forestry; Land-use change; Model-based scenario analysis; Mountainous regions; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2013

Trade-offs in nature tourism: contrasting parcel-level decisions with landscape conservation planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Karen E; University of Georgia; kallenp@uga.edu.
A challenge for landscape planning is to understand how trade-offs are differently negotiated across privately held parcels and how economic incentives for conservation affect these trade-offs. I used the efficiency frontier framework to explore the trade-offs associated with the nature tourism industry, an economic incentive for conservation, in Monteverde, Costa Rica. I modeled regional changes in forest cover from 1985 through 2009, dates that coincide with the boom in the nature tourism industry. Interview data were used to understand the social context of these forest cover changes and the negotiation of trade-offs from the perspective of individual parcel owners. The results suggest that nature tourism can provide a win-win conservation scenario on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Efficiency frontier; Nature tourism; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015

Environmental Vulnerability Index for the Island of Tobago, West Indies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gowrie, Marissa N; University of the West Indies; mgowrie@hotmail.com.
This study investigated the environmental vulnerability index (EVI) for the island of Tobago. Based on the EVI study developed by the South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission (SOPAC), the vulnerability index was determined for anthropogenic, meteorological, biological, and geological events and for general country characteristics. Written requests for information were made through appropriate government ministries, state agencies, private companies, and other environmental organizations, and the relevant data were obtained from available documents or interviews with appropriate professionals. These data were then used to calculate the values of the environmental indicators as directed by SOPAC, and the overall EVI for Tobago was determined by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental vulnerability index; South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission; Tobago; Anthropogenic hazards; Calculation method.
Ano: 2003

Introduction to the Special Feature: Just Complex Enough for Understanding; Just Simple Enough for Communication
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999

Trade-offs in ecosystem services and varying stakeholder preferences: evaluating conflicts, obstacles, and opportunities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: King, Elizabeth; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; egking@uga.edu; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; cavender@umn.edu; Polasky, Stephen; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota; Institute on Environment, University of Minnesota; polasky@umn.edu.
In efforts to increase human well-being while maintaining the natural systems and processes upon which we depend, navigating the trade-offs that can arise between different ecosystem services is a profound challenge.  We evaluated a recently developed simple analytic framework for assessing ecosystem service trade-offs, which characterizes such trade-offs in terms of their underlying biophysical constraints as well as divergences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values for the services in question. Through a workshop and subsequent discussions, we identified four different types of challenging situations under which the framework allows important insights to clarify the nature of stakeholder conflicts, obstacles to promoting more sustainable outcomes, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Biophysical constraint; Conflict; Ecosystem service; Human values; Participatory tool; Production possibility frontier; Sustainability; Trade-off; Utility.
Ano: 2015

Foghorns to the Future: Using Knowledge and Transdisciplinarity to Navigate Complex Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina N. R.; Rhodes University; gcundill@rides.cl; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University; c.fabricius@ru.ac.za; Marti, Neus; Autonomous University; neus@amauta.rcp.net.pe.
Complex systems are shaped by cross-scale interactions, nonlinear feedbacks, and uncertainty, among other factors. Transdisciplinary approaches that combine participatory and conventional methods and democratize knowledge to enable diverse inputs, including those from local, informal experts, are essential tools in understanding such systems. The metaphor of a &amp;#8220;bridge&amp;#8221; to overcome the divide between different disciplines and knowledge systems is often used to advocate for more inclusive approaches. However, there is a shortage of information and consensus on the process, methodologies, and techniques that are appropriate to achieve this. This paper compares two case studies from Peru and South Africa in which community-level assessments...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecological assessment; Community-based assessment; Complexity; Scale; Epistemology; Methodology; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Complex systems; Uncertainty; Peru; South Africa; Case studies; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2005

Effects of Roads on Animal Abundance: an Empirical Review and Synthesis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca; Rytwinski, Trina; Carleton University, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology; trytwins@connect.carleton.ca.
We attempted a complete review of the empirical literature on effects of roads and traffic on animal abundance and distribution. We found 79 studies, with results for 131 species and 30 species groups. Overall, the number of documented negative effects of roads on animal abundance outnumbered the number of positive effects by a factor of 5; 114 responses were negative, 22 were positive, and 56 showed no effect. Amphibians and reptiles tended to show negative effects. Birds showed mainly negative or no effects, with a few positive effects for some small birds and for vultures. Small mammals generally showed either positive effects or no effect, mid-sized mammals showed either negative effects or no effect, and large mammals showed predominantly negative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental impact; Landscape connectivity; Mortality; Population density; Road network; Road density; Road effect zone; Road mitigation; Species distribution; Species richness; Traffic density; Traffic volume.
Ano: 2009

Infodynamics, a Developmental Framework for Ecology/Economics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Salthe, Stanley N; Biological Sciences, Binghamton University; ssalthe@binghamton.edu.
Infodynamics, for our purposes, is a developmental perspective that animates information theory by way of thermodynamics. The isomorphism between Boltzmann's statistical interpretation of physical entropy as disorder and Shannon's formulation of variety as informational entropy signals a deep connection between information and entropy production. Information is any configuration that might have been different, providing that it delays energy dissipation so that the energy is dissipated more completely. The entropy production of individual dissipative structures increases at first but eventually decelerates. I consider the questions: why do these structures grow? And why don't they keep on growing? As the universal expansion of the Big Bang accelerated,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Big Bang; Minot-Aoki law; Development; Developmental trajectories; Dissipative structures; Ecosocial systems; Energy gradient dissipation; Entropy production; Information; Senescence; Second law of thermodynamics.
Ano: 2003

Ecological and Social Aspects of Ecological Restoration: New Challenges and Opportunities for Northern Regions
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Northern regions; Policies; Social-ecological systems; Techniques.
Ano: 2013

Shopping Centers as Panther Habitat: Inferring Animal Locations from Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Maehr, David S; University of Kentucky; dmaehr@uky.edu; Larkin, Jeffery L; ; jllark0@uky.edu; Cox, John J; ; coyote1701@yahoo.com.
A recent model of Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) habitat erred in arbitrarily creating buffers around radio locations collected during daylight hours on the assumption that study animals were only at rest during these times. The buffers generated by this method likely cause an overestimation of the amounts and kinds of habitats that are used by the panther. This, and other errors, could lead to the impression that unfragmented forest cover is unimportant to panther conservation, and could encourage inaccurate characterizations of panther habitat. Previous 24-hour monitoring of activity and activity readings made during routine telemetry flights indicate that high levels of activity occur in the early morning hours. Literature on the behavior of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Activity; Florida panther; Habitat; Telemetry data.
Ano: 2004

Supporting the Constructive Use of Existing Hydrological Models in Participatory Settings: a Set of &amp;#8220;Rules of the Game&amp;#8221;
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; Cemagref; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Bijlsma, Rianne; Deltares; r.m.bijlsma@utwente.nl; von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; yorck.von-korff@lisode.com; Van der Fluit, Nicolien; Buro Natuur+Water; info@buronatuurpluswater.nl; Wolters, Henk; Deltares; henk.wolters@deltares.nl.
When hydrological models are used in support of water management decisions, stakeholders often contest these models because they perceive certain aspects to be inadequately addressed. A strongly contested model may be abandoned completely, even when stakeholders could potentially agree on the validity of part of the information it can produce. The development of a new model is costly, and the results may be contested again. We consider how existing hydrological models can be used in a policy process so as to benefit from both hydrological knowledge and the perspectives and local knowledge of stakeholders. We define a code of conduct as a set of &amp;#8220;rules of the game&amp;#8221; that we base on a case study of developing a water management plan for a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case study; Conflict; Hydrological model; Institutions; Netherlands; Participation; Policy process; Water management.
Ano: 2011

Regime Shifts and Ecosystem Service Generation in Swedish Coastal Soft Bottom Habitats: When Resilience is Undesirable
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Troell, Max; Beijer Institute; max@beijer.kva.se; Pihl, Leif; ; l.pihl@kmf.gu.se; Kautsky, Nils; ; nils@ecology.su.se.
Ecosystems can undergo regime shifts where they suddenly change from one state into another. &amp;nbsp;This can have important implications for formulation of management strategies, if system characteristics develop that are undesirable from a human perspective, and that have a high resistance to restoration efforts. This paper identifies some of the ecological and economic consequences of increased abundance of filamentous algae on shallow soft bottoms along the Swedish west coast. It is suggested that a successive increase in the sediment nutrient pool has undermined the resilience of these shallow systems. After the regime shift has occurred, self-generation properties evolve keeping the system locked in a high-density algae state. The structural and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternate stable states; Shallow soft bottoms; Eutrophication; Filamentous algal mats; Resilience; Ecosystem function; Ecosystem goods and services.
Ano: 2005

Reflections on Integration, Interaction, and Community: the Science One Program and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gass, Clifton Lee; University of British Columbia; gass@zoology.ubc.ca.
We describe three interrelated programs in interdisciplinary, undergraduate science education, two at the first-year level and the third an upper-division degree program. They are administered through the Faculty of Science, rather than through individual departments, and are taught by multidisciplinary teams of professors from various departments.  In contrast to many programs discussed in the literature, these programs are intended for majors and honors students in all scientific disciplines. They aim to develop transferable skills and a broad outlook on science, in addition to a rigorous foundation in disciplinary knowledge. Interactive engagement and integration of content across disciplines are at the core of the approach.  Each program brings...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated Sciences program; Science One program; University of British Columbia; Diffusion of innovation; Integration of knowledge; Interactive engagement; Interdisciplinary programs; Interdisciplinary science education; Learning community; University administration.
Ano: 2002

Restoring Environmental Flows by Modifying Dam Operations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Richter, Brian D.; The Nature Conservancy; brichter@TNC.ORG; Thomas, Gregory A.; Natural Heritage Institute; gat@n-h-i.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Dams; Dam re-operation; Environmental flows; Flood control dams; Flow restoration; Hydrologic alteration; Hydropower dams; Irrigation dams.
Ano: 2007

Freshwater Ecosystems and Resilience of Pacific Salmon:  Habitat Management Based on Natural Variability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bisson, Peter A; U.S. Forest Service; pbisson@fs.fed.us; Dunham, Jason B; U.S. Geological Survey; jdunham@usgs.gov; Reeves, Gordon H; U.S. Forest Service; greeves@fs.fed.us.
In spite of numerous habitat restoration programs in fresh waters with an aggregate annual funding of millions of dollars, many populations of Pacific salmon remain significantly imperiled. Habitat restoration strategies that address limited environmental attributes and partial salmon life-history requirements or approaches that attempt to force aquatic habitat to conform to idealized but ecologically unsustainable conditions may partly explain this lack of response.  Natural watershed processes generate highly variable environmental conditions and population responses, i.e., multiple life histories, that are often not considered in restoration. Examples from several locations underscore the importance of natural variability to the resilience of Pacific...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Pacific salmon; Habitat restoration; Watershed processes; Natural variation.
Ano: 2009

Focusing the Meaning(s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jax, Kurt; Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ-Environmental Research Centre Leipzig-Ha; kurt.jax@ufz.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Boundary object; Definition; Descriptive concept; Ecological resilience; Resilience; Sustainability; Typology.
Ano: 2007

Adapting prospective structural analysis to strengthen sustainable management and capacity building in community-based natural resource management contexts
Provedor de dados: 7
Local communities collectively managing common pool resources can play an important role in sustainable management, but they often lack the skills and context-specific tools required for such management. The complex dynamics of social-ecological systems (SES), the need for management capacities, and communities&amp;#8217; limited empowerment and participation skills present challenges for community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) strategies. We analyzed the applicability of prospective structural analysis (PSA), a strategic foresight tool, to support decision making and to foster sustainable management and capacity building in CBNRM contexts and the modifications necessary to use the tool in such contexts. By testing PSA in three SES in Colombia,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Colombia; Latin America; Local knowledge; Mexico; Participatory techniques; Social-ecological systems; Strategic foresight.
Ano: 2016

Uncovering the origin of ambiguity in nature-inclusive flood infrastructure projects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van den Hoek, Ronald E.; University of Twente; r.e.vandenhoek@utwente.nl; Brugnach, Marcela; University of Twente; marcela.brugnach@gmail.com; Mulder, Jan P. M.; University of Twente; Deltares; jan.mulder@deltares.nl; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; University of Twente; a.y.hoekstra@utwente.nl.
We aimed to uncover the origin of ambiguity in flood infrastructure projects using Building with Nature (BwN) design principles. BwN is a new approach in flood management that simultaneously integrates societal goals, such as flood safety and recreation development, with nature development goals by actively using natural dynamics and materials in the project&amp;#8217;s design. Because BwN projects affect multiple stakeholders and several societal functions, participatory project development is of key importance to successfully implement these projects. In such a multiactor decision-making process, a diversity of actors are involved, all of whom have their own view of the project based on their interests, values, beliefs, backgrounds, and past experiences....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Building with Nature; Flood management; Framing; Participatory processes; Water policy.
Ano: 2014

Determining Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Khanina, Larisa; Institute of Mathematical Problems in Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; lala@syseco.pgu.serpukhov.su.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998

Exploring External Validity of Common Pool Resource Experiments: Insights from Artisanal Benthic Fisheries in Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Benthic resources; Comanagement; Common pool resources; Internalization of norms; Laboratory experiment; Small-scale fisheries; Territorial user rights.
Ano: 2013

Self-Organized Governance Networks for Ecosystem Management: Who Is Accountable?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hahn, Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University ; thomas.hahn@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Governance networks play an increasingly important role in ecosystem management. The collaboration within these governance networks can be formalized or informal, top-down or bottom-up, and designed or self-organized. Informal self-organized governance networks may increase legitimacy if a variety of stakeholders are involved, but at the same time, accountability becomes blurred when decisions are taken. Basically, democratic accountability refers to ways in which citizens can control their government and the mechanisms for doing so. Scholars in ecosystem management are generally positive to policy/governance networks and emphasize its potential for enhancing social learning, adaptability, and resilience in social-ecological systems. Political scientists,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive cycle; Adaptive governance; Bridging organizations; Ecosystem service; Informal institutions; Leadership; Naturum; Panarchy; Path dependency.
Ano: 2011

Synergy Between Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Conservation Science Supports Forest Preservation in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Becker, C. Dustin; Kansas State University; dbecker@unm.edu; Ghimire, Kabita; Kansas State University; ghimire_kabita@yahoo.com.
Meeting the desires of individuals while sustaining ecological &amp;#8220;public goods&amp;#8221; is a central challenge in natural resources conservation. Indigenous communities routinely make common property decisions balancing benefits to individuals with benefits to their communities. Such traditional knowledge offers insight for conservation. Using surveys and field observations, this case study examines aspects of indigenous institutions and ecological knowledge used by rural Ecuadorians to manage a forest commons before and after interacting with two U.S.-based conservation NGOs: Earthwatch Institute and People Allied for Nature. The rural farming community of Loma Alta has legal property rights to a 6842-ha watershed in western Ecuador. This...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003

Small-scale Fisheries Governance and Understanding the Snoek (Thyrsites atun) Supply Chain in the Ocean View Fishing Community, Western Cape, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Isaacs, Moenieba; University of Western Cape; misaacs@uwc.ac.za.
Postapartheid fisheries reform in South Africa, through the Marine Living Resources Act (MLRA) 18 of 1998, used individual transferable quotas (ITQs) to broaden resource access through allocating quotas to new entrants, even though the system has been created to reduce capacity through a reduction in the number of active fishers. The formal action space created through fisheries reform in South Africa left many artisanal fishers to operate in the informal action spaces, selling Thyrsites atun (snoek) to poor communities to sustain their livelihoods. Artisanal fishers were not recognized by MLRA of 1998 and through class action case brought against the ITQ system, and in out of court settlement with the claimants in 2007, 1000 interim relief permits will be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective rights allocation; Food security; Individual transferable quotas (ITQs); Small-scale fisheries policy; South Africa; Thyrsites atun (Snoek) supply-chain.
Ano: 2013

Community owned solutions: identifying local best practices for social-ecological sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mistry, Jayalaxshmi; Royal Holloway University of London, UK; j.mistry@rhul.ac.uk; Berardi, Andrea; The Open University, UK; andrea.berardi@open.ac.uk; Bignante, Elisa; University of Torino, Italy; elisa.bignante@unito.it; Haynes, Lakeram; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; lakehays@gmail.com; Benjamin, Ryan; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; garybejamin@gmail.com; Albert, Grace; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; grace.albert.cobra@gmail.com; Xavier, Rebecca; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; rebeccaxavier86@gmail.com; Robertson, Bernie; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; robertsotis1@yahoo.com; Davis, Odacy; Iwokrama International Centre, Guyana; odacyd@gmail.com; Jafferally, Deirdre; Iwokrama International Centre, Guyana; deirdre.jafferally@gmail.com.
Policies and actions that come from higher scale structures, such as international bodies and national governments, are not always compatible with the realities and perspectives of smaller scale units including indigenous communities. Yet, it is at this local social-ecological scale that mechanisms and solutions for dealing with unpredictability and change can be increasingly seen emerging from across the world. Although there is a large body of knowledge specifying the conditions necessary to promote local governance of natural resources, there is a parallel need to develop practical methods for operationalizing the evaluation of local social-ecological systems. In this paper, we report on a systemic, participatory, and visual approach for engaging local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Best practices; Community owned solutions; Environmental governance; Guiana Shield; Guyana; Indigenous; Participatory; System viability; Visual.
Ano: 2016

Can Logging in Equatorial Africa Affect Adjacent Parks?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baidya Roy, Somnath; Princeton University; sbroy@duke.edu; Walsh, Peter D; Princeton University; walsh@eva.mpg.de; Lichstein, Jeremy W; Princeton University; jwl@princeton.edu.
Tropical deforestation can cause fundamental regional-scale shifts in vegetation structure and diversity. This is particularly true in Africa. Although national parks are being established to protect areas from deforestation and to conserve biodiversity, these parks are not immune to disturbances outside their boundaries. We used regional-scale atmospheric simulation experiments to investigate how deforestation in timber concessions might affect precipitation inside adjacent, undisturbed national parks in the equatorial African countries of Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The experiments revealed a complex response. Some parks showed rainfall reduced as much as 15%, while others showed slight increases. Rainfall inside parks was particularly sensitive to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Logging; Precipitation; Climate change; Africa; Tropics; National park.
Ano: 2005

Climate and Tickborne Encephalitis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lindgren, Elisabet; Stockholm University; elisa@system.ecology.su.se.
Climatic changes are projected to alter the abundance, dynamics, and geographical distribution of many vector-borne diseases in human populations. Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are a growing concern in northern Europe and the United States. The impact of a future climate change on the transmission of tick-borne diseases is not known. To make such assumptions, more empirical data are needed on the relations between short-term fluctuations in contemporary weather and disease incidence. This paper analyzes relations between daily minimum and maximum temperatures, monthly precipitation, and TBE incidence during a 36-yr period in Stockholm County, a high-endemic region for TBE in Sweden. Multiple regression analyses...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Encephalitis; Tickborne; Tickborne diseases; Temperature; Climate; Ticks.
Ano: 1998

The Effects of Human Socioeconomic Status and Cultural Characteristics on Urban Patterns of Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Warren, Paige; ; Paige.Warren@asu.edu; Martin, Chris; ; Chris.Martin@asu.edu; Hope, Diane; ; Diane.Hope@asu.edu; Katti, Madhusudan; ; mkatti@asu.edu.
We present evidence that there can be substantial variation in species richness in residential areas differing in their socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Many analyses of the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity rely on traditional &amp;#8220;urban-to-rural&amp;#8221; gradient measures, such as distance from urban center or population density, and thus can fail to account for the ways in which human socioeconomic and cultural characteristics are shaping the human&amp;#8211;environment interaction and ecological outcomes. This influence of residential values and economic resources on biodiversity within the urban matrix has implications for human quality of life, for urban conservation strategies, and for urban planning.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian biodiversity; Human-environment interaction; Plant biodiversity; Urban biodiversity; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2005

The Dark Side of Light:  A Transdisciplinary Research Agenda for Light Pollution Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moss, Timothy; Leibniz Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning, Erkner; MossT@irs-net.de; Griefahn, Barbara; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund;; Kloas, Werner; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin;; Voigt, Christian C.; Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin;; Schwope, Axel; Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam;; Franke, Steffen ; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald;; Uhrlandt, Dirk ; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald;; Klenke, Reinhard; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig ;; Wolter, Christian; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin; wolter@igb-berlin.de.
Although the invention and widespread use of artificial light is clearly one of the most important human technological advances, the transformation of nightscapes is increasingly recognized as having adverse effects. Night lighting may have serious physiological consequences for humans, ecological and evolutionary implications for animal and plant populations, and may reshape entire ecosystems. However, knowledge on the adverse effects of light pollution is vague. In response to climate change and energy shortages, many countries, regions, and communities are developing new lighting programs and concepts with a strong focus on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. Given the dramatic increase in artificial light at night (0 - 20% per year,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Artificial light; Energy efficiency; Lighting concept; Light pollution; Nightscape; Policy; Sustainability; Transdisciplinary.
Ano: 2010

Marsh Creation in a Northern Pacific Estuary: Is Thirteen Years of Monitoring Vegetation Dynamics Enough?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dawe, Neil K; Canadian Wildlife Service; Neil.Dawe@ec.gc.ca; Bradfield, Gary E; University of British Columbia; garyb@interchange.ubc.ca; Boyd, W. Sean; Canadian Wildlife Service; Sean.Boyd@ec.gc.ca; Trethewey, Donald E. C.; Canadian Wildlife Service;; Zolbrod, A. Nana; University of British Columbia; nzolbrod@hotmail.com.
Vegetation changes were monitored over a 13-yr period (1982-1994) in the Campbell River estuary following the development of marshes on four intertidal islands. The marshes were created to mitigate the loss of a natural estuarine marsh resulting from the construction of a dry land log-sorting facility. Plant species coverage was measured along 23 permanent transects in planted and unplanted blocks on the constructed islands, and in naturally occurring low-marsh and mid-to-high marsh reference communities on nearby Nunn&amp;#8217;s Island. Five dominant species, Carex lyngbyei, Juncus balticus, Potentilla pacifica, Deschampsia caespitosa, and Eleocharis palustris  established successfully and increased in cover in both planted and unplanted areas. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management of ecosystems; Carex lyngbyei; Deschampsia caespitosa; Eleocharis palustris; Estuarine marsh creation; Juncus balticus; Long-term vegetation dynamics; Mitigation cautions; Natural vs. constructed wetlands; Potentilla pacifica; Restoration ecology; Wetland creation.
Ano: 2000

Landscape Connectivity as a Function of Scale and Organism Vagility in a Real Forested Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: D'Eon, Robert G; Self-employed; rdeon@interchange.ubc.ca; Glenn, Susan M; Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia; SGlenn@gccnj.edu; Parfitt, Ian; Selkirk College; iparfitt@selkirk.ca.
Landscape connectivity is considered a vital element of landscape structure because of its importance to population survival. The difficulty surrounding the notion of landscape connectivity is that it must be assessed at the scale of the interaction between an organism and the landscape. We present a unique method for measuring connectivity between patches as a function of organism vagility. We used this approach to assess connectivity between harvest, old-growth, and recent wildfire patches in a real forested landscape in southeast British Columbia. By varying a distance criterion, habitat patches were considered connected and formed habitat clusters if they fell within this critical distance. The amount of area and distance to edge within clusters at...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: British Columbia; Dispersal; Forest fragmentation; Landscape connectivity; Marten; Northern flying squirrel; Northern goshawk; Scale; Vagility.
Ano: 2002

A Moment of Mental Model Clarity: Response to Jones et al. 2011
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wood, Matthew D; US Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center; Carnegie Mellon University; mwood1@andrew.cmu.edu; Bostrom, Ann; University of Washington; abostrom@uw.edu; Convertino, Matteo; University of Florida; Florida Climate Institute; mconvertino@ufl.edu; Kovacs, Daniel; Decision Partners LLC; dkovacs@decisionpartners.com; Linkov, Igor; US Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center; Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Response
Palavras-chave: Cognitive science; Expert elicitation; Mental model; Natural resource management; Stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2012

Not All Roads Lead to Resilience: a Complex Systems Approach to the Comparative Analysis of Tortoises in Arid Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leuteritz, Thomas E. J.; Redlands Institute; thomas_leuteritz@redlands.edu; Ekbia, Hamid R.; Redlands Institute;.
The concept of resilience has been widely used in the study of social-ecological systems, with its key components identified as resistance, latitude, and precariousness. We use this concept to examine the differences among three semi-arid regions in terms of these three components. We do this by examining the status of tortoises that occur in the dry spiny forest Madagascar, the Karoo of South Africa, and the Mojave Desert of the United States as an indicator of the health and resilience of their respective ecosystems. Our findings demonstrate the tight coupling between societal development and ecosystem dynamics, the role of diversity in enhancing resilience, and the significance of local communal knowledge in sustaining it. Our findings also suggest that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collective variable; Control parameter; Latitude; Madagascar; Panarchy; Precariousness; Resistance; Social-ecological systems; South Africa; United States.
Ano: 2008

Improving the Effectiveness of Interventions to Balance Conservation and Development: a Conceptual Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garnett, Stephen T; Charles Darwin University; stephen.garnett@cdu.edu.au; Sayer, Jeffrey; World Wide Fund for Nature; JSayer@wwfint.org; du Toit, Johan; Utah State University; johan.dutoit@usu.edu.
There are numerous case studies around the world describing integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs). Recently some localized syntheses have been published that use sophisticated statistics to identify patterns and causal linkages, but no attempt has yet been made to draw together lessons from across the globe. This paper is an attempt to provide a framework for such an analysis. A set of lessons is proposed for improving the prospects of ICDPs by giving consideration to each of the five capitals: natural, social, human, built, and financial. The language of ICDPs has been adopted by development agencies of all persuasions. There is now some urgency to identify the characteristics of the environment and the community in which success is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Integrated conservation and development; Natural capital; Social capital.
Ano: 2007

Anpernirrentye: a Framework for Enhanced Application of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walsh, Fiona J.; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Fiona.Walsh@csiro.au; Dobson, Perrurle V.; senior Arrernte woman;; Douglas, Josie C.; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; josie.douglas@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal economy; Australia; Biodiversity; Bush foods; Cultural values; Desert; Indigenous knowledge system; Natural resource management; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system.
Ano: 2013

Understanding the Risk to Neotropical Migrant Bird Species of Multiple Human-Caused Stressors:  Elucidating Processes Behind the Patterns.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hames, Ralph S.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; rsh5@cornell.edu; Lowe, James D.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; jdl6@cornell.edu; Swarthout, Sara Barker; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; sb65@cornell.edu; Rosenberg, Kenneth V.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; kvr2@cornell.edu.
Ubiquitous human-caused changes to the environment act as multiple stressors for organisms in the wild, and the effects of these stressors may be synergistic, rather than merely additive, with unexpected results. However, understanding how focal organisms respond to these stressors is crucial for conservation planning for these species. We propose a paradigm that alternates extensive, broadscale data collection by volunteer collaborators to document patterns of response, with intensive fine-scale studies by professional researchers, to elucidate the processes underlying these patterns. We demonstrate this technique, building on our existing work linking patterns of population declines in the Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) to synergistic effects of acid...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Multiple scales; Synergistic effects; Citizen science; Habitat fragmentation; Acid rain; Forests; Anthropogenic change; Soil; Calcium; Invertebrates.
Ano: 2006

Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services in the Developing World:  Framing Pan-Tropical Analysis and Comparison
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Swallow, Brent M.; World Agroforestry Centre; B.Swallow@cgiar.org; Kallesoe, Mikkel F.; World Conservation Union; mfk@iucnsl.org; Iftikhar, Usman A.; World Conservation Union; usman.iftikhar@undp.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Bracer, Carina; Forest Trends; C.Bracer@climatefocus.com; Scherr, Sara J.; Ecoagriculture Partners; sscherr@ecoagriculture.org; Raju, K. V.; Institute for Social and Economic Change; kvraju@isec.ac.in; Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; United Nations Environment Programme; Anantha.Duraiappah@unep.org; Ochieng, Benson O.; African Centre for Technology Studies; b.ochieg@ilegkenya.org; Mallee, Hein; International Development Research Centre; hmallee@idrc.org.sg; Rumley, Rachael; World Agroforestry Centre; r_rumley2@yahoo.com.
This is the first of a series of papers that review the state of knowledge and practice regarding compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world. The paper begins with an assessment of the historical development of compensation and reward mechanisms within a broader context of changing approaches to nature conservation and environmental policy. The assessment shows that greater interest in compensation and reward mechanisms has emerged within a policy context of changing approaches to nature conservation and flexible multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management. In the developing world, an even greater variety of perspectives has emerged on the opportunities and threats for using compensation and rewards for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Compensation; Ecosystems service; Latin America; Payment for environmental service; Rewards.
Ano: 2009

Should Ecosystem Management Involve Active Control of Species Abundances?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lessard, Robert B; University of Alberta; bob.lessard@ualberta.ca; Martell, Steven J. D.; University of British Columbia; s.martell@fisheries.ubc.ca; Walters, Carl J; University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Essington, Timothy E; University of Washington; essing@u.washington.edu; Kitchell, James F; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; kitchell@mhub.limnology.wisc.edu.
We review four case studies in which there is a  risk of extinction or severe reduction in highly valued species if we ignore either, or both, of two ecosystem control options. &amp;#8220;Symptomatic control&amp;#8221; implies direct control of extinction risk through direct harvesting or culling of competitors and predators. &amp;#8220;Systemic control&amp;#8221; implies treating the causes of the problem that led to an unnaturally high abundance in the first place. We demonstrate, with a discussion of historically observed population trends, how surprising trophic interactions can emerge as a result of alterations to a system. Simulation models were developed for two of the case studies as aids to adaptive policy design, to expose possible abundance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Predator control; Trophic interactions.
Ano: 2005