Consulta: subjectFacets:"Environmental Economics and Policy"
Registros recuperados: 4.365
Máximo de registros impressos: 2500
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 13:51:22

Banking on "Green Money": Are Environmental Financial Responsibility Rules Fulfilling Their Promise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Financial responsibility rules are an increasingly common form of environmental regulation. Currently, the operators of landfills, underground petroleum storage tanks, offshore rigs, and oil tankers must demonstrate the existence of adequate levels of capital as a precondition to the legal operation of their businesses. Environmental financial responsibility ensures that firms possess the resources to compensate society for pollution costs created in the course of business operations. In addition to providing a source of funds for victim compensation and pollution remediation, financial responsibility is thought to motivate better decision-making, particularly regarding the management of long-term risks. This article describes both the promise of financial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial responsibility; Environmental liability; Waste disposal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; K32.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10592

Climate Change: National and Local Policy Opportunities in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teng,   Fei; Gu,   Alun.
Climate Change poses a wide range of potentially very severe threats in China. This aggravates the existing vulnerability of China and is one of the big challenges faced by the Chinese government. Adaptation programmes and projects are being developed and implemented at national and local level. As China is engaged in heavy investment in infrastructure development as a consequence of the rapid process of development and urbanization, mainstreaming adaptation into such development process is a priority for China. China has also made positive contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through participations in the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol framework. Although mitigation is not a priority at national or local level, it has been integrated into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Local Policy; National Policy; Mitigation; Local Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H7; Q54; Q56; O53.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9091

A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ikerd,   John E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28824

Spatially Explicit Estimates of Crop Rotation Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendricks,   Nathan P.; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103876

An Investigation of Voluntary Discovery and Disclosure of Environmental Violations Using Laboratory Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test individual responses to policies that seek to encourage firms to voluntarily discover and disclose violations of environmental standards. We find that while it is possible to motivate a significant number of voluntary disclosures without adversely affecting environmental quality, this result is sensitive to both the fine for disclosed violations and the assumption that firms know their compliance status without cost.  When firms have to expend resources to determine their compliance status, motivating a significant number of violation disclosures yields worse environmental quality. Finally, relative to conventional enforcement, disclosure polices will result in more violations being sanctioned, but fewer of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14519

Assessing the Feasibility of Broiler Manure Transportation and Application in Crop Production under Environmental Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Keshav; Paudel,   Krishna P.
This study combines survey information and GIS based optimization model to identify the optimal distribution of broiler litter in crop production. The results obtained provide more plausible transportation routes than the method that does not utilize all these constraints.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35451

The Determinants of the Municipality's Decision to Implement Recycling in Japan: Socio-Economic and Technological Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Usui,   Takehiro; Chikasada,   Mitsuko.
The Japanese government has encouraged reduction, reuse, and recycling of waste with the slogan "3R" under the Basic Law for Establishing a Recycling-based Society. However, the law is non-binding in nature; thus, the collection of each type of recyclable containers and packaging is done at the discretion of the municipalities. Some municipalities do not provide collection services for these recyclables.  Why do some municipalities recycle while others do not? Few studies have investigated the determinants of the municipality's decision to collect recyclables. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting a municipality's decision to implement the collection of already sorted recyclable containers and packaging in Japan. We use a panel data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Recycling; Panel Probit; Landfill; Incineration; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103759

A Positivist Approach to Pigouvian Taxes based on an Evolutionary Algorithm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simmons,   Phil; Cacho,   Oscar J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pigouvian tax; Pollution tax; Genetic algorithm; Political preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12941

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING IN THE SOUTHEAST US AGRICULTURE USING OPTIMIZATION AND ECONOMIC FORECASTING PROCEDURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Hatch,   L. Upton.
We used a memory shortening transformation method to forecast the future prices of the seven selected commodities in the Southeast USA. These forecasted prices were used to find the optimal crop selection in a model farm in a representative county of each of the ten states in the Southeast US under three likely climate change scenarios. It is found that the Hadley climate change scenario may be benign compared to Hot and Very Hot Scenarios.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20622

Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens: Evaluating the Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dean,   Judith M.; Lovely,   Mary E.; Wang,   Hua.
One of the most contentious debates today is whether pollution-intensive industries seek locations with weak environmental standards, turning these locations into  'pollution havens." Empirical studies to date show little evidence to support the pollution haven hypothesis, but suffer potentially from omitted variable bias, specification, and measurement errors. This paper estimates the strength of pollution-haven behavior by examining the location choices of equity joint venture (EJV) projects in China. We derive a location choice model from a theoretical framework that incorporates the firm's production and abatement decision, agglomeration and factor abundance. We estimate conditional logit and nested multinomial logit models using new data sets...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15854

Thin and lumpy: an experimental investigation of water quality trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Spraggon,   John M.; Poe,   Gregory L.
Water quality trading schemes in the United States can predominantly be characterized by low trading volumes. In this paper we utilize laboratory economics experiments to explore the extent to which the technology through which pollution abatement is achieved influences market outcomes. Mirroring the majority of water quality trading markets, the sessions utilize small trading groups composed of six participants. To understand the extent to which abatement technology influences trading behavior, the experimental treatments vary the degree of heterogeneity in initial abatement costs and the potential for long-lived investments in cost-reducing abatement technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104023

MODELING NITROGEN LOADING RATE TO DELAWARE LAKES USING REGRESSION AND NEURAL NETWORKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sudhakar,   Prachi; Krishnan,   Palaniappa; Bernard,   John C.; Ritter,   William F.
The objective of this research was to predict the nitrogen-loading rate to Delaware lakes and streams using regression analysis and neural networks. Both models relate nitrogen-loading rate to cropland, soil type and presence of broiler production. Dummy variables were used to represent soil type and the presence of broiler production at a watershed. Data collected by Ritter &amp; Harris (1984) was used in this research. To build the regression model Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used. NeuroShell Easy Predictor, neural network software was used to develop the neural network model. Model adequacy was established by statistical techniques.  A comparison of the regression and neural network models showed that both perform equally well. Cropland was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15824

Irrigated Acreage Projections in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Ruohong; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
Irrigated acreage is an important indicator for agricultural water demand which is a major category of water use. Three methodologies were applied in this study to project irrigated acreage of major crops in Georgia from 2010 to 2050. These three methodologies show consistent results. Total irrigated acreage of major crops in Georgia is projected to increase for the next 40 years. The acreage projection results provide useful information for Georgia agricultural policy makers and farmers.  However, the methodologies used in the study have some limitations. They can only be used under certain assumptions. Thus, better methodologies are needed for future related research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigated acreage projection; Acreage response elasticities; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56468

Causes of Multifunctionality: Externalities or Political Pressure?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Casamatta,   Georges; Peplow,   Stephen; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
The EU has argued that some agricultural subsidies are needed to provide the optimal amount of externalities (both positive and negative) produced by agriculture.  The argument is that agriculture is "multifunctional" and externalities such as rural development and landscape would be underproduced, while some forms of pollution (such as nitrogen runoff) would be overproduced without government intervention.  Meanwhile, the United States has raised the concern that multifunctionality is primarily an argument to transfer income to producers.  In this paper, we discuss the motivation for the EU agri-environmental measures and empirically test for those underlying causes.  We find that the programs are not targeted at those regions with the highest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19297

The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Tipping Points, Uncertainty and Weak Identification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Jean-Thomas; Gavin,   Michael; Khalaf,   Lynda; Voia,   Marcel.
We consider an empirical estimation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide and sulphur, with a focus on confidence set estimation of the tipping point. Various econometric – parametric and nonparametric – methods are considered, reflecting the implications of persistence, endogeneity, the necessity of breaking down our panel regionally, and the small number of countries within each panel. In particular, we propose an inference method that corrects for potential weak-identification of the tipping point. Weak identification may occur if the true EKC is linear while a quadratic income term is nevertheless imposed into the estimated equation. Relevant literature to date confirms that non-linearity of the EKC is indeed not granted, which...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Fieller method; Delta method; CO2 and SO2 emissions; Confidence set; Tipping point; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C52; Q51; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119109

Regulating Farmers: Lessons Learned from the Delmarva Peninsula
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perez,   Michelle.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regulation; Agriculture; Policy; Water; State; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117404

State level analysis of drought policies and impacts in Rajasthan, India.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rathore,   M.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Policy; Expenditure; Livestock; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92401

Second Best Environmental Policies under Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoniou,   Fabio; Hatzipanayotou,   Panos; Koundouri,   Phoebe.
We construct a strategic trade model of an international duopoly, whereby production by exporting firms generates a local pollutant. Governments use environmental policies, i.e., an emissions standard or a tax, to control pollution and for rent shifting purposes. Contrary to their firm, however, governments are unable to perfectly foresee the actual level of demand, the cost of abatement and the damage caused from pollution. Under these modes of uncertainty we derive sufficient conditions under which the governments optimally choose an emissions tax over an emissions standard.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strategic Environmental Policy; Pollution; Choice of Policy Instrument; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; F18; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59375

The benefits to the Australian Pig meat industry from an increase in demand for a hypothetical low cholesterol pork product
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Slattery,   Henry; Griffith,   Garry R.; Malcolm,   Bill; Dunshea,   Frank.
This is the third of a series of papers examining the potential economic effects from the introduction of a hypothetical low cholesterol pork product into the Australian market. Here, a newly updated pig meat model reported by Griffith et al. (2010) is used to model the industry wide impacts of the Bellhouse et al. (2010) survey results on consumer willingness to pay for this new pork product. Six different scenarios are examined that are combinations of a 10, 20 or 30 per cent increase in consumer demand, with and without a 10 per cent increase in the costs of producing the more valuable pork. The simulation results for the various scenarios indicate total annual industry benefits of some $450m for an increase in aggregate willingness to pay of 30 per...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cholesterol; Pork; Australia; Consumer willingness to pay; Demand; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114415

Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tol,   Richard S.J.
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions suggest that, although climate change is a problem and some emission reduction is justified, very stringent abatement does not pass the cost-benefit test. However, current estimates of the economic impact of climate change are incomplete. Some of the missing impacts are likely to be positive and others negative, but overall the uncertainty seems to concentrate on the downside risks and current estimates of the damage costs may have a negative bias. The research effort on the economic impacts of climate change is minute, and should be strengthened, with a particular focus on the quantification of uncertainties; estimating missing impacts, interactions between impacts and higher-order...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12047

Management of Dryland Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shehrawat,   Pardeep Singh; Singh,   Sube.
The study was conducted in the Bhiwani district of Haryana state, which was selected purposively on the basis of maximum area under dryland agriculture. From the four blocks in the Bhiwani district 200 farmers (50 farmers from each block) were selected randomly. The concept of sustainable agriculture involves the evolution of a new type of agriculture rich in technology and information, with much less than intensive energy use and market purchased inputs. Thus, sustainability is the successful management of resources to satisfy the challenging human needs, while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. Keeping in view the ever-increasing population, development of dry land agriculture, the depletion of natural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24308

JAAE Front page
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Editorial Information, JAAE Manuscript Submission Guidelines
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113515

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN GERMANY - SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weingarten,   Peter.
This paper is concerned with agri-environmental policy in Germany and focuses in particular on soil and water conservation. At first it discusses to what extent agriculture contributes to erosion and the pollution of surface waters and groundwater with nutrients and pesticides. Whereas erosion is a minor problem in Germany water pollution due to modern and intensive agriculture is of major concern. In theory, a broad range of environmental policy instruments exists. In practice, agri-environmental policy in Germany is dominated by command-and-control-measures, whereas incentivebased measures are of minor importance. In this paper recent developments of the most important legal and institutional settings concerning soil and water conservation policies are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14912

Relationships between Agricultural policies and Environmental Effects in Japan: An Environmental-Economic Integrated Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sasaki,   Hiroki.
This study investigates the optimal agricultural land use allocation and nitrogen application to a representative Japanese farm. The site-specific nature of numerous agri-environmental issues necessitates analysis at a disaggregated level in order to capture the underlying heterogeneity of agricultural productivity and environmental sensitivity across different parcels of land. This study adopts an integrated approach—a decision-making economic model for representative farms is combined with a stylized site-specific biophysical model, which quantifies the impact of different policy instruments on agricultural production practices and on multiple environmental effects. This model estimates the government budget outlays and social welfare, which require...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrate model; Agri-environmental policy; Paddy field; Production quota; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109399

The role of real options analysis in the design of a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambie,   Neil Ross.
Analysing the effect of a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme (ETS) on energy-intensive industries using a simple model of the long-run equilibrium fails to fully capture the design implications of a scheme. When we allow for imperfect market structures and uncertainty, it is more useful to focus on how an industry is affected by the scheme’s design in moving to its long-run equilibrium. A real options modelling approach that analyses how firms in these industries are likely to respond to an ETS through their investment behaviour is proposed as a more insightful method for public policy analysis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Emissions trading; Investment; Real options; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47626

Assessing Water Policies and Farmers’ Vulnerability in Groundwater Irrigation Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo; Esteve,   Paloma; Downing,   Thomas E.; Bharwani,   Sukaina.
Spain is the most arid country in Europe and water use as well as water depletion and environmental degradation have slowly become a matter of social concern. Balancing the two objectives of “water for rural livelihoods” and “water for nature” constitutes a difficult challenge for the water Administration. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of water conservation policies in the Upper Guadiana River basin (Spain), where intensive irrigated agriculture resulted in the overexploitation of the Western La Mancha aquifer and the subsequent degradation of the highly valuable wetlands. Focus is made on farmers’ vulnerability to these policies. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative aspects by the integration of an economic model and a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water policies; Economic model; Vulnerability assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51687

Copper Mining and Environmental Costs in Dominica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris-Charles,   Emaline L.; Pemberton,   Carlisle A.
A proposal from an international mining company to establish a copper mining operation in the Caribbean island of Dominica could be highly favourable, given the potential for financial benefits associated with such a project.  On the downside, such projects are often associated with environmental damage.  The area targeted for this copper mine was a rainforest in the north-eastern portion of Dominica occupying around 12 percent of the island’s total land area.    A critical question is therefore whether copper mining could be a viable alternative to agrarian uses of the targeted area, if both financial and environmental costs are taken into consideration.    A Contingent Valuation Survey of Dominicans and Visitors allowed for inclusion of non-market costs...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Copper mining; Dominica; Environmental costs; Sensitivity analysis; Cost-benefit; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36803

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF POLISH ORGANIC SECTOR IN LIGHT OF CO-EXISTANCE BETWEEN GMO AND NON-GM PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maciejczak,   Mariusz.
The perfect segregation of the different agricultural production types, namely conventional, organic or based on genetically modified organisms is not possible in practice. But the side by side functioning of this systems in agricultural production and further on of the products on the shelves requires suitable measures during cultivation, harvest, transport, storage, and processing to ensure co-existence. Consumers, food and feed industry, as well as wholesalers and retailers in European Union, including Polish ones demand a reasonable degree of choice between GMO and non-GMO derived products. Accordingly the ability to maintain different agricultural production and processing systems is a pre-requisite for providing a high degree of consumer choice. As...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Competitive advantage; Coexistance; GMO; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58905

EMPIRICAL TAXONOMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICAL ARCHETYPES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimsrud,   Kristine M.; Wandschneider,   Philip R.
Economists usually assume that the private ethical system of individuals is Utilitarian. However, one finds a much broader range of ethical positions in the environmental ethics literature. Moreover, environmental policy debates seem to elicit alternative ethical systems. It would therefore seem prudent to increase our understanding of the role played by alternative environmental ethical systems. In this study we follow some descriptive ethical studies in examining the empirical ethical position of people based on a broad cross section of the American public. We review some taxonomic literature in environmental ethics and develop a conceptual model of the formation of environmental values. We then use canonical correlation to investigate the existence of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22034

EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF CONTRACT AUCTIONS TO AEP'S EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallerani,   Vittorio; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
Agri-Environmetal Policy (AEP) application raised a wide debate about the determination of payment levels and the efficiency of the economic instruments used. In particular, some aspects support the hypothesis of relevant rents due to an overcompensation of farmers� compliance costs. A policy tool suitable for improving the efficiency of AEP can be the adoption of auctions mechanisms in contract allocation. In theory, in an auction mechanism, the farmers have incentives to reveal their compliance costs, helping to reduce the information rents and increase cost-effectiveness. A crucial problem therefore arises from the uneven distribution of information between landowners and the public administration. Auctions mechanism can be useful in reducing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Auction; Agri-Environmental Policy; Information asymmetries.; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6660

CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. ANY PERSPECTIVE FOR AN EUROPEAN RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cucuzza,   Giuseppe.
The struggle against climate change represents one of the ‘new challenges’ which agriculture will have to face in the immediate future. The “Health Check” of the Common Agricultural Policy together with questions about the efficacy and simplification of the direct aid system and the adaptation of support tools for the European Union market, give climate change a central role in the relationship between agriculture and the environment, in that they are considered likely to affect the chances of success in terms of bioenergy increase and a more efficient management of hydro resources (Com 2007/722 fin). Agriculture being subject to the effects generated by climate change should identify and develop solutions that will favour the adaptation of cultivation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44863

Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Biodegradable Containers Than for Plastic Ones? Evidence from Hypothetical Conjoint Analysis and Nonhypothetical Experimental Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Hall,   Charles R.; Behe,   Bridget K.; Campbell,   Benjamin L.; Dennis,   Jennifer H.; Lopez,   Roberto G.
This study used and compared hypothetical conjoint analysis and nonhypothetical experimental auctions to elicit floral customers’ willingness to pay for biodegradable plant containers. The results of the study show that participants were willing to pay a price premium for biodegradable containers, but the premium is not the same for different types of containers. This article also shows the mixed ordered probit model generates more accurate results when analyzing the conjoint analysis Internet survey data than the ordered probit model.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodegradable; Willingness to pay; Marketing; Carbon footprint; Waste composition; Green industry; Nursery crops; Floriculture crops; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100524

Better Management of Wool Business and Native Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moll,   Jim; Crosthwaite,   Jim; Dorrough,   Josh.
Better ways of managing native biodiversity and farm business are examined on selected wool properties across the Central Victoria region in Australia, using the Ararat Hills as a case study. Future management options are being developed in close collaboration with each producer in order to enhance native biodiversity while maintaining or improving farm profitability. Detailed vegetation surveys have been carried out on each property, and a set of management options developed that are consistent with regional conservation priorities. The options involve various levels of capital expenditure and outlay of time and resources. The challenge of the project is to come up with solutions that help offset this outlay of resources and minimise the costs involved....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24370

Moral Hazard, Targeting and Contract Duration in Agri-Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fraser,   Rob W.
This paper extends the multi-period agri-environmental contract model of Fraser (2004) so that it contains a more realistic specification of the inter-temporal penalties for noncompliance, and therefore of the inter-temporal moral hazard problem in agri-environmental policy design. On this basis it is shown that a farmer will have an unambiguous preference for cheating early over cheating late in the contract period based on differences in the expected cost of compliance. It is then shown how the principal can make use of this unambiguous preference to target monitoring resources intertemporally, and in so doing, to encourage full contract duration compliance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100550

Optimal Control of Nutrient Pollution in a Coastal Ecosystem: Agricultural Abatement versus Investment in Wastewater Treatment Capacity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laukkanen,   Marita; Huhtala,   Anni.
We examine in a dynamic framework how public resources should be allocated to small-scale water protection efforts in agriculture or alternatively to investments in large-scale waste water treatment plants to control point source loads. The building of waste water treatment capacity is characterized by high set-up costs as compared to the operating costs. We determine the optimal timing of investment, the rate of nutrient load reduction from point versus non-point sources, and the optimal switching policies from control of non-point pollution only to control of both non-point and point sources. The results of the analytical model are illustrated with simulation of optimal abatement policies for the Finnish coastal waters in the Gulf of Finland.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-point source pollution; Point-source pollution; Timing of investment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24451

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF OZONE FOR INCREASING STORAGE TIME OF PERISHABLE FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rice,   Rip G.; Farquhar,   John W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27865

Modelling Forestry in Dynamic General Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lennox,   James A.; Turner,   James A.; Daigneault,   Adam J.; Jhunjhnuwala,   K.
Adequately representing dynamic characteristics of land use change and forestry in computable general equilibrium models is challenging but essential if modellers are to provide credible assessments of policies that directly or indirectly influence these phenomena. In this paper, we show how a dynamic representation of planted or naturally regenerating forests may be integrated within a neoclassical, intertemporal general equilibrium model. We demonstrate the application of such a model to assess the impacts of including forestry within a hypothetical emissions trading scheme in the US, showing the resulting changes in land use and increases in the optimal rotation length.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intertemporal general equilibrium; Optimal forest management; Forest carbon credits; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115409

Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Impacts: The Role of Non-parametric Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Perrin,   Richard K.
Our contribution in this article is to compare two methods of adjusting agricultural productivity estimates for the effects of bad environmental outputs. One method is a direct non-parametric Malmquist index with the environmental variables include.  The other method is to use the shadow prices from the Malmquist analysis to modify a Tornqvist-Theil with shadow shares for the environmental variables.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20565

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: IMPLICATIONS OF AGRICULTURE’S ADAPTATION THROUGH SUSTAINED YIELD GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zahniser,   Steven; Arriola,   Christine; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91406

Minnesota Agricultural Economist 692
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levins,   Richard A.
Are Water Quality Regulations Giving Manure a bad Name?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13186

Public and Private Institutional Responses to Advocacy Attacks:  The Case of the Global Cocoa Industry and Child Labour Abuse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   Alexandra; Gow,   Hamish R.
Over the past decade the global agri-food industry has come under increasing attack by advocacy groups related to their production and marketing processes (Bowmar and Gow, 2009).  Advocacy groups have used these attacks to exploit the growing intergenerational disconnect between consumers and farming to campaign for narrowly defined political ideals while challenging traditional agricultural practices (Olin, 1999). This disconnect has provided advocacy groups the opportunity to use boycotts and other media attacks to severely adverse impact not only branded manufacturers and retailers, but their farmer suppliers. The agri-food industry’s challenge is to understand how to develop appropriate individual and collective responses to these attacks that minimize...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Certification; Advocacy; Cocoa; Chocolate; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104726

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING OF FOREST RESOURCES: TWO ITALIAN CASE STUDIES; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franceschetti,   Giorgio; Pettenella,   Davide.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14366

Reinforcing the EU Dialogue with Developing Countries on Climate Change Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vohringer,   Frank; Haurie,   Alain; Guan,   Dabo; Labriet,   Maryse; Loulou,   Richard; Bosetti,   Valentina; Shukla,   Pryadarshi R.; Thalmann,   Philippe.
The FP6 TOCSIN project has evaluated climate change mitigation options in China and India and the conditions for strategic cooperation on research, development and demonstration (RD&amp;D) and technology transfer with the European Union. In particular, the project investigated the strategic dimensions of RD&amp;D cooperation and the challenge of creating incentives to encourage the participation of developing countries in post-2012 GHG emissions reduction strategies and technological cooperation. This paper summarizes the main policy-relevant results of the project, including the requests for: (I) almost immediate decisions on ambitious mitigation; (II) a strong increase in Annex I support regarding R&amp;D spending and technology transfer; (III) a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Technology Transfers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60746

A Review of Environmental Valuation in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.
Australian attempts to value the environment began at least 40 years ago. Since then, environmental protection and natural resource management have become major national issues. But have the methods of valuation kept pace with the importance of the issues that they are meant to resolve? Can environmental and resource values actually be measured? This paper chronicles, reviews, and assesses the valuations of 40 years and more than 100 Australian authors.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12320

Allocating Nutrient Load Reduction across a Watershed: Implications of Different Principles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Jha,   Manoj K.; Gassman,   Philip W.
A watershed based model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), along with transfer coefficients is used to assess alternative principles of allocating nutrient load reduction in the Raccoon River watershed in central Iowa. Four principles are examined for their cost-effectiveness and impacts on water quality: absolute equity, equity based on ability, critical area targeting, and geographic proximity. Based on SWAT simulation results, transfer coefficients are calculated for the effects of nitrogen application reduction. We find both critical area targeting and downstream focus (an example of geographic proximity) can be more expensive than equal allocation, a manifestation of absolute equity. Unless abatement costs are quite heterogeneous across the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21131

Developing a benefit transfer database for environmental values in Queensland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
made in one situation to related circumstances. The benefit transfer process is typically reliant on the availability of a number of source studies which have appropriate levels of reliability and relevance to the issue of interest. However, the limited number of non-market valuation studies to draw on for source values currently limits the benefit transfer process. In this paper, an alternative approach to benefit transfer is outlined where a series of valuation studies were specifically performed to build a reference data base of values for benefit transfer purposes. The choice modelling technique was used to estimate community values for protecting soil, water and vegetation stocks in Queensland, Australia, where both state and regional populations were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit transfer; Environmental valuation; Choice modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10369

FRENCH QUALITY AND ECO-LABELING SCHEMES: DO THEY ALSO BENEFIT THE ENVIRONMENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobbs,   Thomas L.; Nguyen,   Genevieve; Bertramsen,   Sherry K.; Legagneux,   Bruno.
The environmental effects of various 'quality' and 'eco-labeling' programs in the Midi-Pyrenees region of the south of France are analyzed, using factor analysis, analysis of variance, and qualitative analysis. Implications for agri-environmental policies on both sides of the Atlantic are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22145

Sensitivity of WTP Estimates to Definition of ‘Yes’: Reinterpreting Expressed Response Intensity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kobayashi,   Mimako; Rollins,   Kimberly S.; Evans,   M.D.R.
Willingness to pay (WTP) estimation typically involves some strategy for mapping nondichotomous contingent valuation (CV) responses onto a dichotomous yes/no dependent variable. We propose a new approach to selecting which responses qualify as ‘yes.’ We apply the proposed method to polychotomous CV data for preventative land management programs in the Great Basin. We also estimate WTP using other methods of response recoding found in the literature. By contrasting the results under different approaches, we demonstrate how and why WTP point estimates vary across recoding methods and discuss the comparative advantages of our more generalized recoding approach that is based on predicted probabilities of ‘yes’ responses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Great Basin; Invasive weeds; Land management; Polychotomous format; Response intensity; Response mapping; Wildfire; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59332

Das neue Gentechnikgesetz – ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz? Eine umweltökonomische Analyse der haftungsrechtlichen Neuerungen im Gentechnikgesetz
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Alexander; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
In this article, legal consequences of the new German genetic engineering act are analyzed. In addition environmental economic analysis is presented of those parts of the act that introduce new litigation regulation to farmers. The different kinds of external costs arising from genetic engineering of plants and their allocation to different actors are considered. The paper focuses on the costs resulting from the postulated coexistence of conventional/organic farms and users of biotechnology. Excessive liability of farmers can be avoided, if the producers of genetically modified seeds accept any litigation claims against farmers. Furthermore, negotiations between neighbouring farms can be an option to keep the costs of damage prevention at reasonable levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering act; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Precautionary principle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97315

How Do Public Disclosure Pollution Control Programs Work? Evidence from Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Afsah,   Shakeb; Blackman,   Allen; Ratunanda,   Damayanti.
Although a growing body of evidence suggests that publicly disclosing information about plants' environmental performance can motivate emissions reductions, this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To help fill this gap, this paper presents original data from a survey of plants participating in the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), Indonesia's widely-acclaimed public disclosure program. These data suggest that a key means by which PROPER spurs abatement is improving factory managers' information about their own plants' emissions and abatement opportunities. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view in the literature that public disclosure enhances pressures to abate placed on firms by external agents such as community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public disclosure; Environment; Voluntary regulation; Informal regulation; Indonesia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10515

Demand-Side Factors in Optimal Land Conservation Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; Shah,   Payal.
The dominant paradigm of conservation-reserve planning in economics is to optimize the provision of physical conservation benefits (measured in units like species protected) given a budget constraint. Large-scale biology-based priority setting implies that the value we place on biodiversity and ecosystem function is not affected by human proximity to that natural capital. There is significant evidence, however, that human willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation declines with distance (e.g. Loomis 2000) – a phenomenon we refer to as “spatial value decay”. This paper begins a new strand of the conservation planning literature that takes demand-side factors – the location of people in the landscape and the degree to which their willingness to pay for an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Endangered species; Optimal reserve-site selection; Spatial; Demand-side; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49209

The Next Generation of Market-Based Environment Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.; Whitehead,   Bradley W.
We examine what will be required if market-based environmental policy instruments are to become a major force in U.S. environmental policy. We define market-based instruments, and specify five categories: pollution charges; tradable permits; deposit refund systems; reducing market barriers; and eliminating government subsidies. We review major U.S. applications, including: EPA's emissions trading program; the leaded gasoline phasedown; water quality permit trading; CFC trading; SO2 allowance trading; and the RECLAIM program. We assess the U.S. experience in terms of the relatively limited use of these instruments and in terms of the mixed record of performance of implemented instruments. We ask how the next generation of market-based instruments can be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10640

Sustainable Development Indicator Frameworks and Initiatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Geniaux,   Ghislain; Bellon,   Stephane; Deverre,   Christian; Powell,   Blaise.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57937

The Case for Intensity Targets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
While the rest of the world has pursued absolute emissions limits for greenhouse gases, the Bush administration has proposed an alternative policy formulation based, among other things, on reducing emissions intensity-that is, emissions per dollar of real gross domestic product. Critics of this formulation have denounced the general idea of an intensity-based emissions target, along with its voluntary nature and weak targets. This raises the question of whether intensity-based emissions limits, distinct from the other features of the Bush initiative, offer a useful alternative to absolute emissions limits. This paper makes the case that they do, based on how emissions targets are framed. The argument draws on four key observations: greenhouse gas emissions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate; Policy; Intensity; Global warming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; Q56.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10917

NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE UPTAKE OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES: AN EXPLANATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salhofer,   Klaus; Glebe,   Thilo W.
The number of agri-environmental programs, as well as the share of agricultural land covered under these programs, varies significantly between EU member states. We analyze national differences in the uptake of agri-environmental programs by developing a model of countries'’ political objective function. Based on this model we identify six factors which may explain the extent to which agri-environmental policies are implemented: environmental benefits, opportunity costs of participation, financial budget pressure, the share of program expenditures financed by the EU, contribution to the EU budget, and political weight attributed to farmers'’ income. The conceptual approach is then supplemented by an empirical analysis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20191

ASSESSING THE JOINT INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF INCREASES IN THE BUILT-ENVIRONMENT: A STUDY OF TRENDS IN CENTRAL NORTH CAROLINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vance,   Colin; Iovanna,   Rich.
This paper advances an empirical model assessing how, over both time and space, changes in land-use respond to changing economic and ecological conditions.  Focusing on Central North Carolina, a region that has undergone extensive changes in forest cover and agricultural lands over the past two decades, landscape dynamics are modeled by exploiting a spatial database that links several satellite images spanning the years 1975-1999 to a suite of socioeconomic, institutional and GIS-created explanatory variables.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21983

A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven.
We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Plus: assessment method; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100885

CO2 Emissions from Central Canadian Agriculture: Meeting Kyoto Targets and Its Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manaloor,   Varghese.
Agriculture sectors dependence on fossil fuel use (both direct and indirect) has increased dramatically over the past decades. Productivity increases have been achieved using technological improvements which use considerable amounts of energy inputs. Concerns about global environmental quality resulted in several countries signing the Kyoto protocol, which came into effect internationally, on February 16, 2005. Canada has made a commitment to the international community to stabilize CO2 emissions at 6 percent below 1990 levels. The target is supposed to be reached by 2008 and maintained through 2012. This paper estimates the CO2 emissions from input use in Central Canadian agriculture. Using elasticity estimates, the amount of price increase needed to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25778

A Study of Iran’s Comparative Advantage in Saffron, the Red Gold
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Najarzadeh,   Reza; Reed,   Michael R.; Saghaian,   Sayed H.; Aghaei,   Mina; Rezagholizadeh,   M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61583

Phosphorus-Based Application of Livestock Manure and the Law of Unintended Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norwood,   F. Bailey; Chvosta,   Jan.
The application of manure phosphorus at rates above crop uptake has resulted in water pollution for some regions.  In response, new manure management standards will require some farms to match manure phosphorus applications rates with crop uptake.  For some regions, this will lead to more crop acres and a shift toward crops with greater nutrient uptake, both of which will increase nitrogen runoff.  The greater nitrogen runoff could offset the lower phosphorus runoff to result in greater water pollution.  This demonstrates the law of unintended consequences, which results when policy does not consider how economic agents respond to incentives.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Best management practice; Eutrophication; Manure management; Nutrient runoff; Phosphorus standards; Pollution control; Water pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; D6; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43715

A Century of American Economic Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Piatti,   Marco.
Using information collected from American Economic Review publications of the last 100 years, we try to provide answers to various questions: Which are the top AER publishing institutions and countries? Which are the top AER papers based on citation success? How frequently is someone able to publish in AER? How equally is citation success distributed? Who are the top AER publishing authors? What is the level of cooperation among the authors? What drives the alphabetical name ordering? What are the individual characteristics of the AER authors, editors, editorial board members, and referees? How frequently do women publish in AER? What is the relationship between academic age, publication performance, and citation success? What are the paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: American Economic Review; Publishing Economics; Rankings; Cooperation; Authors; Editors; Board Members; Referees; Connections; Awards; Paper  Characteristics; Economic History; History of Economic Thought; Environmental Economics and Policy; A10; A110; B00; B31; B40; I23; N01; J00; Z00.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102501

Natural Resources, Development Models and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Auty,   Richard M.
This paper starts out from the optimistic assumption that the basic policies for environmental economic development are known but uncertainties surround the speed of their adoption. In many developing countries the key obstacle is poor governance: consequently, renewable resources continue to be mined, non-renewable resources are depleted irresponsibly, and reductions in pollution intensity lag. Recent research identifies resource abundance as an important cause of policy failure. This is because the primary sector remains large in relation to GDP so that differences in the scale of natural resource rents (and in their socio-economic linkages) condition macro policy in important ways. Most developing countries are resource-rich, a condition that engenders...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24136

Direct Payments for Environmental Services from Mountain Agriculture in Japan: Evaluating its Effectiveness and Drawing Lessons for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakuyama,   Takumi.
This article evaluates the effectiveness of ex-post targeting of the direct payment program for mountain agriculture in Japan. A regression analysis explaining the entry into the program shows that the farm profitability and the production cost were significant positive and negative factor, respectively, in determining the uptake, while the efforts by local governments were a robust factor in facilitating the enrollment. These findings imply ineffective ex-post targeting and call for the differentiation of the premium, alternative incentives to promote forestation for the un-enrolled fields and additional funds targeted to those prefectures with the low uptake ratio. Lessons drawn from the Japanese experience for effective incentive measures in developing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness; Direct payment; Environmental services; Mountain farming; Targeting; Transaction costs; Japan; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110128

An Experimental Economic Analysis of Carbon Trading Options for Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   John G.; Grainger,   Corinne.
Australia is currently developing a carbon emissions trading program. The Garnaut report recommendations include options for the allocation of carbon credits, trading schemes, banking and borrowing, and self reporting mechanisms. This paper reports the results of a series of economic experiments in which we explored spot and future markets given high and low levels of carbon credit reductions. The results provide important insights to the current debate in Australia and highlight the importance of well crafted market design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51044

Modeling environmental risk and land management trade-offs in the Great Barrier Reef catchment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mallawaarachchi,   Thilak; Mazur,   Kasia; Lawson,   Kenton.
We develop a catchment scale modeling framework to identify cost-effective strategies for joint onsite abatement and offsite mitigation of land-based pollution from agricultural activities that pose a risk to water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). An illustrative example of the Barron catchment in north Queensland is used to demonstrate an approach to specify social planner’'s problem for non-point source pollution management as a cost minimisation model to meet a specified reduction in land-based pollution emissions at the receiving waters of GBR. We focus on the tradeoffs between onsite pollution control and offsite pollution mitigation under a collective contract for nutrient reduction at a sub-catchment level and discuss implementation options.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-point source pollution; Water quality; Land use; Cost-effectiveness; Coastal zone management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10377

A DISCRETE SPACE URBAN MODEL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tajibaeva,   Liaila; Haight,   Robert G.; Polasky,   Stephen.
This paper analyzes the effects of providing environmental amenities associated with open space in a discrete space urban model. The discrete space model assumes distinct neighborhoods in which developable land is homogeneous within a neighborhood but heterogeneous across neighborhoods. We solve for equilibrium allocation of development, prices and welfare given a pattern of open space provision. We also analyze the optimal provision of open space across neighborhoods. In equilibrium, housing density and price in a neighborhood is increasing in the amount of open space provided in that neighborhood. Whether housing density and prices in other neighborhoods increases or decreases depends on whether the push from reduced availability of developable land in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21907

Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES); Contingent valuation; Aggregate supply and demand; Cropland; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q51; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103501

Soil Erosion Control and Damage Costs in Nigerian Small Farms: Implications for Farm Growth and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okoye,   Chukwuemeka U.
In Nigeria 90% of the agricultural primary produce is in the hands of small holders cultivating between 0.8-4 hectares. Farm size expansion is limited by population pressure, land fragmentation, poor market opportunities and lack of finance. This article presents estimates of soil erosion control(SEC) and soil erosion damage costs (SEDC) in small farmers' fields in Nigeria and examines the contents and direction of the country’s agriculture and environment policies vis-à-vis the SEC among small farmers. It was found that 24% of the farmers’ spending on tillage/cultural practices was directed at the institution of SEC measures, and that SEC-related defensive expenditures was 3.7 times more than the estimated SEDCs. The capacity of small farmers to respond...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Damage costs; Farm growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53079

A Farm Level Economic Analysis of Wildlife Habitat Buffers in Missouri
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carpenter,   Brent.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37773

Economic Dynamics, Emission Trends and the EKC Hypothesis New Evidence Using NAMEA and Provincial Panel Data for Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on delinking trends concerning emission-related indicators in Italy. We discuss methodological issues regarding the analysis of delinking and examine the related Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) literature to explore and assess the most value added research lines after more than a decade of intensive research in the field. The main contribution of the paper is in providing EKC evidence exploiting environmental-economic merged panel datasets at a decentralized level exploiting long time series and rich cross section heterogeneity at both sectoral and provincial level. This crucially augments the unsatisfactory outcomes deriving from cross country analyses, which are less informative for policy purposes since they...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10261

The economic viability of Environmental Management Systems: an application of Analytical Hierarchy Process as a methodological tool to rank trade-offs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Salman; Halpin,   Lauran; McVittie,   Alistair.
Environmental management systems [EMS] are now a well established management tool in the ‘greening’ of industry. There is a large body of literature on methodological procedures and application strategies for implementing EMS. Associated with this proliferation of ‘how to’ manuals has been a limited discussion of why a firm ought to implement a management tool that inevitably affects the bottom line of profitability. We argue that there has been much less by way of methodologically rigorous and academically objective analysis of the motivation for EMS application. Much of this literature is coined in terms of the potential benefits (social, ethical and financial) with arguably an insufficient emphasis on potential real cost burdens. This arises in part...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61119

Was the NOAA Panel Correct about Contingent Valuation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Richard T.; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Kopp,   Raymond J.; Krosnick,   Jon A.; Mitchell,   Robert C.; Presser,   Stanley; Ruud,   Paul A.; Smith,   V. Kerry; Conaway,   Michael; Martin,   Kerry.
The past few years have seen a highly charged debate about whether contingent valuation (CV) surveys can provide valid economic measures of people's values for environmental resources. In an effort to appraise the validity of CV measures of economic value, a distinguished panel of social scientists, chaired by two Nobel laureates, was established by NOAA, to critically evaluate the validity of CV measures of nonuse value. The Panel provided an extensive set of guidelines for CV survey construction, administration, and analysis, and distinguished a subset of items from their guidelines for special emphasis and described them as burden of proof requirements. Of particular interest was the Panel's requirement that CV surveys demonstrate "responsiveness to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Scope test; NOAA Panel; Environmental Economics and Policy; D6; H4.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10503

POLICIES TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE FERTILIZER USE AND SUPPLY TO 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bumb,   Balu L.; Baanante,   Carlos A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16358

EUROPEAN UNION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17- 18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dona,   Wilma Viscardini.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14436

Agricultural Sustainability in Marginal Areas: Principles, Policies and Examples from Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: South Asia; Agricultural sustainability; Natural resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53635

Stringency and Distribution in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme –The 2005 Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kettner,   Claudia; Koppl,   Angela; Schleicher,   Stefan P.; Thenius,   Gregor.
With the release of the verified emissions for installations covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme for the first trading year 2005 we are able to compare actual emissions and allowances for each installation. Based on data available for 24 Member States as of January 2007, this paper uses a thorough data analysis for about 9,900 installations to investigate evidence on three issues: first, the stringency of the total allocation cap and allocation differences both among the Member States and a selection of emission intensive sectors; second, the distribution of the size of installations; and third, the spread of allocation discrepancies and possible allocation biases regarding the size of installations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10262

Diffusion of Innovations on Community Based Small Worlds: the Role of Correlation between Social Spheres
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanimura,   Emily.
Which types of networks favor the diffusion of innovations in the sense that an innovation whose intrinsic benefits are greater than those of an established choice will be able to replace the latter when it is initially used only by a small fraction of a large population? For deterministic and regular networks there are characterizations, based on a coordination game model of the diffusion of innovations. Here we study this question for a class of irregular random networks, Small world networks, which are of interest as more realistic models of social networks. We consider a random graph model based on a community structure, in which the choice of a parameter allows us to obtain as special cases several well known models, in particular Watts' Small world....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diffusion of innovations; Small World Networks; Contagion Threshold; Community Structure; Social Networks; Environmental Economics and Policy; D85.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96842

Measuring the Economic and Cultural Values of Historic Heritage Places
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Throsby,   David; Deodhar,   Vinita; Hanna,   Bronwyn; Jewell,   Bronwyn; O’Connor,   Zena; Zednik,   Anita.
This research project on the valuation of cultural heritage is developing a methodology for a quantitative valuation study of the use and non-use values of historic heritage places.  The methodology developed in this project will provide a template for subsequent empirical applications to generate data of use in the formulation of heritage policies and programs.  The initial stages in reaching this larger objective have involved determining how historic heritage places are to be categorised for measurement, establishing the process by which heritage attributes will be determined for valuation, and developing and trialling an effective measurement framework.  The principal techniques being developed for valuation assessment in the project are derived from...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107584

OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGRICULTURE TO MITIGATE GREENHOUSE GASES: A GRASS ROOTS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paustian,   Keith H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33068

Shocks, sensitivity and resilience: tracking the economic impacts of environmental disaster on assets in Ethiopia and Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Michael R.; Little,   Peter D.; Mogues,   Tewodaj; Negatu,   Workneh.
Droughts, hurricanes and other environmental shocks punctuate the lives of poor and vulnerable populations in many parts of the world. The direct impacts can be horrific, but what are the longer-term effects of such shocks on households and their livelihoods? Under what circumstances, and for what types of households, will shocks push households into poverty traps from which recovery is not possible? In an effort to answer these questions, this paper analyses the asset dynamics of Ethiopian and Honduran households in the wake of severe environmental shocks. While the patterns are different across countries, both reveal worlds in which the poorest households struggle most with shocks, adopting coping strategies which are costly in terms of both short term...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55402

The Benefits of Air Pollutant Emissions Reductions in Maryland: Results from the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Burtraw,   Dallas; Stoessell,   Terrell.
This paper reports the results of policy simulations of environmental and human health externalities arising from the production of electricity. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model, developed for the State of Maryland's Department of Natural Resources. A secondary purpose is to estimate likely Maryland benefits from Title IV emissions reductions at electric power generation facilities. Sources and scope of benefits, and the potential of policy to achieve specific environmental and human health goals, are suggested by the results. We find that expected health benefits from reductions in power plant emissions dominate the estimated benefits of improved recreational visibility and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Health and environmental benefits; Valuation; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; I81; Q24; Q25; Q26; Q49.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10825

Developing an institutional model for the extension and adoption of environmental Best management Practices by pastoral farmers in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Journeaux,   Phil.
The practice of extension of environmental Best Management Practices (BMPs) involves the integration of a range of complex issues. Currently the practice of this in New Zealand is somewhat piece-meal, ad-hoc, and not well coordinated amongst the organisations involved. There is also a strong rationale for Government involvement. This paper discusses these issues and proposes a way forward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97130

Incorporating Local Water Quality in Welfare Measures of Agri-environmental Policy: A Choice Modelling Approach Employing GIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tait,   Peter R.; Baskaran,   Ramesh.
The spatial distribution of agro-environmental policy benefits has important implications for the efficient allocation of management effort. The practical convenience of relying on sample mean values of individual benefits for aggregation can come at the cost of biased aggregate estimates. The main objective of this paper is to test spatial hypotheses regarding respondents’ local water quality and quantity, and their willingness-to-pay for improvements in water quality attributes. This paper combines choice experiment and spatially related water quality data via a Geographical Information System (GIS) to develop a method that evaluates the influence of respondents’ local water quality on willingness-to-pay for river and stream conservation programs in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water Quality; Choice Experiment; Geographical Information System; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116074

Japan-New Zealand Trade and Fishery Frictions:  Some Characteristics and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okada,   Yoshinori.
The greatest friction in trade and fishery between Japan and New Zealand was the Total Economic Relationship, which was insisted by the PM of NZ. NZ wanted to export dairy foods in exchange for admitting fishing. Both governments experienced a long and tough negotiation. Recently frictions have happened in various sectors, such as Environmental and Food Customs. The friction looks broad and dangerous. In spite of the emotional reactions, however, I don't think that is a serious problem. Both sides should know the importance and the character. If both sides do not respond correctly, trade will stagnate in the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and Fishery Friction; Total Economic Relationship; Trade negotiation; Environmental Friction; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31967

Sustentabilidade e meio ambiente no Brasil: uma análise a partir da curva de Kuznets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sousa,   Alexandre Gervasio; Araujo,   Aracy Alves; Santos,   Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; Santos,   Francivane Teles Pampolha Dos; Diniz,   Marvelo Bentes.
O presente trabalho investigou a validade hipótese da Curva de Kuznets – CK, sobre variáveis que se apresentam como Proxy ambiental, e que indicam a sustentabilidade, para os municípios brasileiros para os anos de 1991 e 2000. As variáveis Proxy do meio ambiente foram representadas pelo déficit em água potável, déficit em saneamento básico e déficit na coleta de lixo, outras variáveis, que representam o desenvolvimento sustentável foram taxa de mortalidade infantil, déficit na alfabetização de adultos e expectativa de vida e renda per capita. Todos os resultados indicam que a hipótese de Kuznets não é válida, indicando que essa hipótese é limitada para explicar a questão ambiental e a sustentabilidade nos municípios brasileiros. This paper investigated the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Desenvolvimento econômico; Hipótese de Kuznets; Inequality; Economic development; Kuznets hypothesis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103103

Reducing Indonesia’s Deforestation-based Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.; Yusuf,   Arief Anshory.
Indonesia has set the target that by the year 2020 its emissions of greenhouse gases will be reduced by 26 per cent relative to business-as-usual conditions. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of a subsidy to the use of land in forestry as a means of achieving this goal. The analysis uses a general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy characterized by explicit treatment of land use, disaggregated by industry and by region. The results of the analysis indicate that the subsidy cost of permanently reducing carbon emissions by 26% is a little over US$1 per metric tonne of carbon emissions abated. This cost needs to be compared with that of alternative instruments and with the price of carbon that might be agreed under the proposed REDD scheme...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100730

On the Implications of Technological Innovation for Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper draws on a number of recent studies to shed light on several policy issues raised by the impact of environmental policies on technological innovation. First, to what extent does induced innovation raise the overall net benefits to society from environmental policies? Second, how does induced innovation affect the appropriate choice among alternative environmental policy instruments? Third, how does it affect the optimal stringency of environmental regulations? Fourth, should environmental policies be supplemented with additional policies to promote innovation, such as research contracts or prizes for new technologies?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Technological innovation; Pollution control; Instrument choice; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O38.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10797

Rent-Seeking in Noxious Weed Regulations: Evidence from US States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Min,   He; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Buccola,   Steven T.; McEvoy,   Peter B.
Many non-native insect, disease, and weed pests of food, fiber, and nursery crops pose threats to the U.S. environment, agricultural production, and exports. In this study we focus on regulations controlling the spread of noxious weeds, especially the regulatory differences among US states and investigate the determinants of such regulations. With a simple game-theoretic framework, we derive cross-state regulatory congruence as a function of ecological and agronomic characteristics and stakeholder lobbying through political contributions.  Empirical results suggest ecological and agronomic dissimilarities drive large cross-state differences in noxious weed regulation across states.  However, evidence of stakeholder interests in shaping these regulations is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21212

Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners’ Decisions to Create Carbon Forest Sinks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners’ participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to accept compensation for tree planting; Afforestation; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37017

Working-Land Conservation Structures: Evidence on Program and Non-Program Participants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Schaible,   Glenn D.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Daberkow,   Stan G.
In recent years, the Federal government has placed more emphasis on working-land conservation programs. Farmers can be reimbursed for adopting certain conservation practices, such as the installation of in-field or perimeter conservation structures, to enhance water quality and soil productivity. In an effort to better understand the relationships between operator motivations, program incentives, and the environmental benefits of conservation programs, a multi-agency survey, the Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Agricultural Resources Management Survey (CEAP-ARMS), was conducted in 2004 across 16 states representing more than one-million farmers growing wheat. The nationally representative survey integrates Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) data on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21438

Waste in the Inner City: Asset or Assault?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Mirza,   Sumreen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15599

Linking the Australian Emissions Trading Scheme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank; Betz,   Regina.
A detailed proposal for an economy-wide emissions trading scheme in Australia was tabled by the government in December 2008 with a proposed start date for mid-2010. The government proposes unilateral linking, with no initial bilateral linkages, through the clean development mechanism and joint implementation. The proposal has resulted in serious concern about significant permit price increases and price capping, leading to a ban on permit sales.   This research paper evaluates the proposed Australian scheme in relation to international emissions trading and linkages. Different scenarios for the Australian permit price under unilateral linking are considered. Options for bilateral linking with the European Union and New Zealand schemes are also evaluated,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Australia; Emissions trading; International linkages; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94814

A spatial bio-economic modelling approach on the trade-offs between global bioenergy demand, agricultural intensification, expansion, and trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Popp,   Alexander; Beringer,   Tim; Muller,   Christoph; Lucht,   Wolfgang.
Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a given bioenergy demand...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Spatial modelling; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; F15; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51458

Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Dairy Technologies In Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makokha,   Stella Nabwile; Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Staal,   Steven J.; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis.
Indicators of poverty in western Kenya show high poverty levels. The area has low dairy development yet the potential for dairy development is quite high. Dairy farming has the potential to reduce poverty by increasing incomes and reducing unemployment. This paper reports factor interrelationships in dairy adoption with a view to understanding factors that influence adoption. The binary probit model was used to analyse data from 1575 households. Contrary to findings from similar studies elsewhere, some factors had a negative association with adoption, thus unfolding a unique adoption process. The association between the factor interactive affects and technology adoption highlighted the importance of exploring factor interrelationships. The widely held...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Factor interrelationship; Spatial factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52094

Valoracion de bienes ambientales complejos: una alternativa multicriterio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez-Limon,   Jose Antonio; Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús.
RESUMEN La valoración económica de bienes ambientales complejos presenta una serie de aspectos problemáticos. Este trabajo se centra en dos de ellos: la linealidad de los atributos en función de valor de estos bienes y la heterogeneidad en las funciones de utilidad de los individuos. Para ello se propone una metodología basada en la Teoría de la Utilidad Multiatributo que permite contrastar la importancia dada a estos aspectos. Dicha metodología se aplica a un espacio natural protegido en la provincia de Granada. De los resultados se puede concluir que la no-linealidad de los atributos y la heterogeneidad de las funciones de utilidad individuales son aspectos relevantes en la valoración de bienes ambientales.    ABSTRACT Economic valuation of comlex...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Complex environmental goods; Heterogeneity; Attribute non-lineartiy; Multiattribute utility; Valuation; Bienes ambientales complejos; Heterogeneidad; Linealidad de atributos; Utilidad multiatributo; Valoracion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; Q25.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7055

The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tariff and non-tariff barriers are widespread as applied to agricultural trade. The theory of gains from trade considers the impacts of free trade relative to no trade and to non-tariff barriers, while the theory of agricultural policy generally places little weight on the international trading sector. However, it is necessary to combine agricultural policy with the international trading sector so that agricultural policy instruments such as price supports are considered together with barriers to trade such as tariffs. This is possible within the context of welfare economics when considering the costs and benefits of alternative agricultural and trade policies.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Export taxes; Gains from trade; Tariffs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120424

Air Pollution Control Policy Options for Metro Manila
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Fischer,   Carolyn; Rolfe,   Kevin; Logarta,   Jose; Rufo,   Bing.
The Asian Development Bank has sponsored research on market-based instruments for managing pollution in Metro Manila, Philippines, where air quality is seriously degraded. This report offers three policy options for reducing particulate emissions and their precursors. For stationary sources, we recommend an emissions fee that creates efficient financial incentives to reduce emissions while raising revenues for monitoring and enforcement activities. For mobile sources, we propose a pilot diesel retrofit program using a low-cost technology that is effective at existing 2,000 ppm sulfur content. Second, we recommend a charge on the sulfur content of diesel fuel to encourage meeting and surpassing the 500 ppm standard to allow for more advanced particulate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions tax; Philippines; Particulates; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q01.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10612

Early Crediting of Emissions Reduction - A Panacea or Pandora's Box?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Stronzik,   Marcus.
The Kyoto Protocol sets legally binding emission targets for industrialized countries without accounting for reductions carried out prior to 2008, the beginning of the first commitment period. There exists only one exception, the project-based Clean Development Mechanism. Two other possible ways to allow crediting for early reductions are discussed in this paper, a domestic scheme and early Joint Implementation. The implications of these concepts are analyzed on a macro as well as on a micro level taking the domestic and international commitments into account. They can lead to a strong redistribution and are prone to free riding. We conclude that early crediting makes  built on clear baselines, sets incentives for innovation and provides for institutional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26345

Defining agricultural and forestry systems in econometric land use models: Some critical reflections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munchhausen,   Susanne von.
The paper discusses the way pastoral and forestry systems are defined in econometric land use modelling on a national level. It briefly reviews the relevant data bases and modelling tools. Above all, it reflects on the questions asked and information needed in the work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) Policy. The paper presents the first results of a working group about the key policy questions related to land use and land use change and the adequacy of the related analyses and modelling approaches.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96491

SOME CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS IN THE EVALUATION OF WATER POLLUTION DAMAGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Long,   Burl F.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29881

Influencia de politicas ambientales en la captura de carbono por parte de las masas forestales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balteiro,   Luis Díaz.
RESUMEN: Desde que recientemente se ha reparado en los ecosistemas forestales como posibles sumideros del CO2 atmosférico, se ha propuesto el establecimiento de masas forestales como medida para reducir las concentraciones de este gas. Esto llevaría a que las plantaciones forestales presentaran objetivos adicionales de carácter ambiental. Bajo la óptica de un propietario privado o un posible inversor en esta clase de activos forestales, estas circunstancias sitúan al centro decisor ante un problema de producción conjunta, diferente al que existía hasta hace poco tiempo. Por otro lado, desde un punto de vista social interesará que la captura de carbono sea máxima.  Se han estudiado dos posibles casos de forestaciones, y los resultados muestran que el...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Forest Economics; Forest Policy.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28757

Impure Public Technologies and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil; Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.
Analyses of public goods regularly address the case of pure public goods. However, a large number of (international) public goods exhibit characteristics of different degrees of publicness, i.e. they are impure public goods. In our analysis of transfers helping to overcome the inefficient provision of such goods, we therefore apply the Lancastrian characteristics approach. In contrast to the existing literature, we consider the case of a continuum of impure public goods. We employ the example of international conditional transfers targeting to overcome suboptimal low climate protection efforts by influencing the abatement technology choice of countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impure Public Goods; Lancastrian Characteristics Approach; Conditional Transfers; Ancillary Benefits of Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H87; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44226

THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: INTRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tauer,   Loren W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28814

Rift Valley Fever: An Economic Assessment of Agricultural and Human Vulnerability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughes-Fraire,   Randi; Hagerman,   Amy D.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Gaff,   Holly.
This research focused on the assessment of the U.S. agricultural sector and human vulnerability to a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak and the implications of a select set of alternative disease control strategies. Livestock impact assessment is done by using an integrated epidemic/economic model to examine the extent of RVF spread in the Southeast Texas livestock population and its consequences plus the outcome of implementing two different control strategies: emergency vaccination and larvicide vector control separately plus when they are used simultaneously. Human impact assessment utilized an inferential procedure, which comprises of a cost of illness calculation to assess the dollar cost of human illnesses and deaths, as well as a Disability Adjusted...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rift Valley Fever; Outbreak; Welfare; Vaccination; Larvicide.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98629

Empirical Assessment of Baseline Conservation Tillage Adoption Rates and Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.
The study proposes a methodology for developing a carbon sequestration baseline attributable to the current use of conservation tillage. An integral component of the methodology is the explicit acknowledgment that there is an uncertainty in the baseline because of the uncertainty associated with the use of econometrically estimated models. The results of applying the method to a major crop production area, the Upper Mississippi River Basin in the central United States, are reported for two major crops in the region, corn and soybeans. The approach to estimation of the baseline should be readily transferable to other geographic areas and conservation practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21169

Environment, irreversibility and optimal effluent standards
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jou,   Jyh-Bang.
The present article investigates the use of performance standards to correct environmental externalities. Each firm in an industry emits waste in the production process, and, in turn, the average waste emissions of the industry adversely affect the firm's productivity. The firm, which incurs sunk costs when employing capital to abate waste emissions, is uncertain about the efficiency of capital. The firm will underestimate environmental externalities and will therefore pollute more than is socially efficient. To correct this tendency, the regulator can set a limit on either emissions or the emission‐output ratio at the socially efficient level. The firm will invest more, produce more, and pollute less when the regulator implements the former than when the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117864

THE TEXAS RICE INDUSTRY COALITION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (R.I.C.E.): MAIN POINTS FROM SIX FOCUS GROUPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurow,   Amy Purvis; Rister,   M. Edward; Sneary,   Shannon L.; Stasny,   Sarah.
The Texas Rice Industry Coalition for the Environment (R.I.C.E.) was formed in February, 1995.  Their stated mission is to build a coalition of interests to foster and strengthen relationships between the rice industry and the natural resources of our rice-producing area in Texas.  In June, 1995, a series of six focus groups was conducted.  These round table discussions involved two groups of producers (from the East Side and West Side of Houston), two groups of environmentalists in the Houston area, and two groups of non-farming Houstonians (adults and children).  These focus groups were structured to elicit opinions from various viewpoints concerning the opportunities, challenges, and priorities of Texas R.I.C.E.   The goal of the two producers focus...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23971

AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE 1990S: CHANGING SETTING AND CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zinn,   Jeffrey A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17195

UMA ANÁLISE DO CUSTO DE VIAGEM PARA A PRAIA DA AVENIDA EM MACEIÓ
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abreu,   Eliane Aparecida Pereira De; Silva,   Agnaldo Gomes da; Silva Junior,   Gilberto Gomes Da; Melo,   Rebecca Suzannah Nascimento De.
A cidade de Maceió em Alagoas constitui uma cidade litorânea da Região Nordeste do Brasil dotada de beleza natural tais como praias e lagoas, as quais constituem atrativos para o turismo tanto nacional como internacional. Todavia, nesta o crescimento do setor turístico tem sido afetado pela poluição dos recursos ambientais, mais especificamente o despejo do esgoto em praias e lagoas. Dentre as praias urbanas de Maceió, a Praia da Avenida apresenta as piores condições, sendo isto evidenciado pela poluição, pela destruição do calçadão, a fraca iluminação e o pouco policiamento. Em decorrência dos efeitos benéficos do tratamento dos recursos ambientais e o impacto na saúde e no turismo, este estudo tem como objetivo estimar o valor que a população atribui à...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: : Valoração Econômica; Custo de Viagem; Economia Ambiental; Economical valoração; Trip cost; Environmental economy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114116

Managing nitrate pollution in a Tunisian irrigated area: A multi-criteria analysis approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laajimi,   Abderraouf; Ben Nasr,   J.; Ferchichi,   M.
In Tunisia, the extension of irrigated area is justified by its important role in the development and diversification of agricultural production. Nevertheless, the strong intensification of the agricultural activities may lead to the pollution of underground water resources due to an excess use of fertilisers and other chemical products. In fact, the high nitrate concentrations observed in some Tunisian irrigated areas, are related to the excessive use of nitrate fertilizers in intensive agriculture. The objective of the present study is to implement decision-making methods allowing a better combination of factors production by optimization of an economic objective and an environmental objective. This research is based on multi-criteria modelling through...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate pollution; Environmental impact; Multicriteria analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44186

A METODOLOGIA DA PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA EM EMPRESAS RURAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Ana Maria Navaes Da; Albuquerque,   Jose de Lima; Silva,   Elizandro Souza Da; Da Silva,   Rosineide Vieira; Santos,   Cleidijane Siqueira.
O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar que a metodologia da Produção Mais Limpa pode ser aplicada em empresas rurais assim como é implementada pelo setor industrial. No modo de produção atual do setor primário e industrial existem pelo menos duas características comuns a ambos, são elas: o desperdício de matérias-primas e de energia. O anseio de minimizar ou eliminar as causas e os efeitos desta situação são os principais objetivos da Produção Mais Limpa. Este trabalho procurou realizar uma pesquisa através da coleta de dados secundários em periódicos, artigos técnicos e bibliografia especializada sobre a contribuição da metodologia da produção mais limpa para a eficiência e eficácia das empresas rurais. Percebeu-se que as empresas, ao adotarem esse modelo de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Produção mais limpa; Qualidade total; Metodologia; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102891

Global Warming and the Future of Pacific Island Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article briefly outlines the cause of global warming, its trends and consequences as indicated by the International Panel on Climate Change. Sea-level rise is one consequence of particular concern to Pacific island states. It also reviews the views of economists about connections between economic growth and global warming. Whereas the majority of economists did not foresee a conflict between economic growth and global warming, the possibility of such a conflict is now more widely recognized following the Stern Report. International efforts, such as through the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and their atmospheric concentration are discussed and prospects for post-Kyoto policies are considered. It is predicted that a significant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Environmental Kuznets curve; Global warming; Kyoto Protocol; Pacific islands; Post Kyoto; Sea-level rise; Small island developing states; Stern Report.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55106

EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY ASPECTS OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spurlock,   Stanley R.; Clifton,   Ivery D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30435

Bankruptcy Risk and Imperfectly Enforced Emissions Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Zhang,   Wei.
Under favorable but reasonable conditions, an imperfectly enforced emissions tax produces the efficient allocation of individual emissions control; aggregate emissions are independent of whether enforcement of the tax is sufficient to induce the full compliance of firms, and differences in individual violations are independent of firm-level differences. All of these desirable characteristics disappear when some firms under an emissions tax risk bankruptcy—the allocation of emissions control is inefficient, imperfect enforcement causes higher aggregate emissions, and financially insecure firms choose higher violations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankruptcy; Emissions Taxes; Limited Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42127

EMERGING RURAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17663

Identifying Common Fallacies in the Choice of Environmental Taxes for Agricultural Pollution Control: The Absence of Transaction Costs and the Normality of Agricultural Pollutants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kampas,   Athanasios.
The choice of environmental taxes is one of the central themes in policy design for agricultural pollution control, which dominates both empirical and theoretical research. This paper examines two assumptions very often employed in applied research, namely the absence of transaction costs and the normality of agricultural pollutants. Our results indicate that the well-known superiority of emission taxes over input taxes may not always be valid, when transaction costs are taken into account. Further more, the assumption of normal distributed agricultural pollutants overestimate the relative abatement costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26422

Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Kahn,   Danny.
Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650

The Coordination and Design of Point-Nonpoint Trading Programs and Agri-Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Shortle,   James S.; Abler,   David G.
Agricultural agencies have long offered agri-environmental payments that are inadequate to achieve water quality goals, and many state water quality agencies are considering point-nonpoint trading to achieve the needed pollution reductions. This analysis considers both targeted and nontargeted agrienvironmental payment schemes, along with a trading program which is not spatially targeted. The degree of improved performance among these policies is found to depend on whether the programs are coordinated or not, whether double-dipping (i.e., when farmers are paid twice-once by each program-to undertake particular pollution control actions) is allowed, and whether the agri-environmental payments are targeted. Under coordination, efficiency gains only occur...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31374

The U.S. Proposed Carbon Tariffs, WTO Scrutiny and China’s Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
With countries from around the world set to meet in Copenhagen to try to hammer out a post-2012 climate change agreement, no one would disagree that a U.S. commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions is essential to such a global pact. However, despite U.S. president Obama’s recent announcement to push for a commitment to cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020, in reality it is questionable whether U.S. Congress will agree to specific emissions cuts, although they are not ambitious at all from the perspectives of both the EU and developing countries, without the imposition of carbon tariffs on Chinese products to the U.S. market, even given China’s own recent announcement to voluntarily seek to reduce its carbon intensity by 40-45% over the same...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Post-2012 Climate Negotiations; Border Carbon Adjustments; Carbon Tariffs; Emissions Allowance Requirements; Cap-And-Trade Regime; Lieberman-Warner Bill; Waxman-Markey Bill; World Trade Organization; Kyoto Protocol; China; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60682

Who Owns Carbon? Property Rights Issues in a Market for Greenhouse Gases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allan,   Travis; Baylis,   Katherine R.
With the Kyoto Protocol having come into force on February 16, 2005, participating nations face a pressing deadline to develop systems to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Any form of GHG reduction that includes a trading component will involve a change in the definition and/or allocation of property rights attached to emission credits, and any change in property rights will affect the ability of governments to efficiently reduce GHGs. Creation of property rights for carbon is complicated by the need to balance 1) clear incentives for firms to invest in emissions reduction with 2) unintentional creation of a lasting right to pollute. In particular, Canada’s federalist system poses some unique difficulties for policy makers in designing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46380

DOES INCLUSION OF LANDOWNERS' NON-MARKET VALUES LOWER COSTS OF CREATING CARBON FOREST SINKS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Suchanek,   Pavel; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes. Using data from a survey of Canadian agricultural landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of farmers' participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative nonmarket benefits to landowners from planting trees. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone agricultural rents, but average costs of creating carbon credits still exceed their projected value under a CO2-emissions trading scheme
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18151

Estimating productivity of water at different spatial scales using simulation modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Droogers,   Peter; Kite,   Geoff.
A clear understanding of the current water balance is required to explore options for water saving measures. However, measurement of all the terms in the water balance is infeasible in terms of spatial and temporal scale, but hydrological simulation models can fill the gap between measured and required data. For a basin in Western Turkey, simulation modeling at three different scales, field, irrigation scheme and basin scale, was performed to obtain all terms of the water balance. These water balance numbers were used to calculate the Productivity of Water at the three spatial levels distinguished to assess the performance of the systems.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Productivity; Simulation models; Water scarcity; Water supply; Water balance; Performance indexes; Indicators; River basins; Cropping systems; Crop yield; Cotton; Hydrology; Economic analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44568

Coping with Natural and Institutional Drought
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Eric C.; Frasier,   W. Marshall.
Groundwater and surface water in the South Platte River basin of northeastern Colorado are hydraulically linked. Consequently, use of groundwater in the basin reduces surface water flows in the South Platte River. To avoid open-access problems in this situation, both surface water and groundwater in the basin are jointly administered under the prior appropriation doctrine. This gives preference to the earliest developed water rights relative to later rights when water supplies are insufficient to meet all demands. Groundwater development typically occurred after surface water development, so rights related to groundwater are generally sufficiently junior as to be exercised only in the wettest years. Historically, the state engineer has been empowered to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45743

The economics of transmission constraints on wind farms: some evidence from South Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boerema,   Nicholas; MacGill,   Iain.
The impacts of transmission congestion and network investment on the development of the Australian wind energy industry have received growing attention from wind farm developers as well as relevant policy stakeholders such as the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC). There are many potential wind farm sites across the country with excellent wind regimes yet only limited transmission capacity. At least one wind farm in South Australia has spent a period following construction where its output was curtailed by transmission constraints (NEMMCO, 2009). Current market rules do not guarantee dispatch to an existing wind farm as more wind generation connects to the same transmission. Given the expense of transmission network extension and augmentation,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Integration; Market price; NEM; South Australia; Wind; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107741

Factors Influencing Consumer Likelihood of Purchasing a Flexible-Fuel or Hybrid Automobile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaogu; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; English,   Burton C.; Yen,   Steven T.
Developing fuels and vehicles that reduce our reliance on fossil fuels has become a priority due to the threat of global climate change and desire for reduced dependence on oil imports. Flexible-fuel vehicles that can run on ethanol/gasoline blends of up to 85% ethanol and hybrid electric vehicles present two such opportunities. While production of both flexible-fuel and hybrid vehicles is increasing, there is still a great deal of uncertainty about how consumers will respond to these products. To address this uncertainty, data was collected through an online survey of automobile owners that asked respondents how likely they were to choose either a flexible-fuel or hybrid vehicle as their next vehicle. A bivariate probit model was used to jointly analyze...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flexible-fuel vehicles; Ethanol; E85; Hybrid electric vehicles; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60981

Supply-side Policies to Conserve Biodiversity and Save the Orangutan from Oil Palm Expansion: An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Tropical forests are biodiversity-rich but are dwindling at a rapid rate, not only in Southeast Asia but elsewhere also. The result is a loss of natural ecosystems, a reduction in carbon sequestration, and increasing global extinction of wild species, including iconic species. While several developments contribute to the destruction of tropical forests, the main threat comes from their clearing for the purpose of agricultural production, for example in the Amazon Basin for the expansion of the beef industry and soya bean cultivation. In Borneo and Sumatra, the principal threat to tropical forests comes from the expansion of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation. This is expected to result in significant biodiversity loss and is a danger to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil Palm; Borneo; Orangutan; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55111

Induced Technological Change in a Limited Foresight Optimization Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hedenus,   Fredrik; Azar,   Christian; Lindgren,   Kristian.
The threat of global warming calls for a major transformation of the energy system the coming century. Modeling technological change is an important factor in energy systems modeling. Technological change may be treated as induced by climate policy or as exogenous. We investigate the importance of induced technological change (ITC) in GET-LFL, an iterative optimization model with limited foresight that includes learning-by-doing. Scenarios for stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 400, 450, 500 and 550 ppm are studied. We find that the introduction of ITC reduces the total net present value of the abatement cost over this century by 3-9% compared to a case where technological learning is exogenous. Technology specific polices which force the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12036

Environmental Targets and Shadow Prices of Bad Outputs in Organic and Conventional Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Marklund,   Per-Olov.
We present a framework for deriving shadow prices for negative environmental impacts regulated in agriculture. The shadow prices can be used as indicators of the costs of environmental regulation imposed as reflected in alternative farming technologies adopted. We illustrate our analytical findings with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Generally, the representative organic farm is found to be more technically efficient relative to its own technology than is the conventional representative farm. However, there is no statistical indication of a difference between these two particular representative farms in valuing the costs of undesirable output (manure) at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental performance; Technology choices; Nutrient surplus; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; C21; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24575

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITH POLICIES FOR SALE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schleich,   Joachim.
This paper generalizes the Grossman-Helpman political economy model to characterize the structure of environmental and industry protection for a small open economy when domestic and/or trade policies are the outcome of a noncooperative common agency game between sector-specific producer lobbies and the government. For a consumption externality, the political equilibrium results if domestic and trade policies are available, are production-enhancing protection of organized industries, but the same environmental protection as Pigouvian taxes. Subsidies to organized industries counterbalance environmental taxes when there is a production externality, and it is ambiguous whether domestic or trade policy alone leads to more environmental protection. In addition,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51207

NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY: THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF A BIOLOGICAL POPULATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Holt,   Matthew T.
Assuming a competitive market, conditions are determined for when a steady-state equilibrium does not exist in the optimal dynamic management of a biological population. Irregular and unpredictable behavior (called “"chaos"”) can arise from fully rational economic decision making. High interest rate, adjustment costs, and an inelastic demand can contribute to market instability.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30770

Economic Analysis of Management Practices to Reduce Phosphorus Load to Lake Eucha and Spavinaw
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howry,   Sierra S.; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Storm,   Daniel E.; White,   Michael J.
Changes in management practices are often proposed to reduce phosphorus loading from a watershed due to over application of poultry litter. This study determines the choice, location, and level of each best management practice in the watershed to meet a Total Maximum Daily Load and margins of safety at least cost.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Best management practice; Phosphorus runoff; Poultry litter; Target MOTAD; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6793

Bidding behavior in environmental contract auctions with incomplete monitoring
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romstad,   Eirik; Alfnes,   Frode.
It is well known from the compliance literature that whenever it costly to monitor agents' compliance to contract terms, compliance is likely to be incomplete. This paper goes one step further by examining the implications of incomplete monitoring on agent's sales offers in auctions for environmental contracts. From a monitoring perspective we show allocation contracts to least cost also produces another gain – that less resources need to be spend on monitoring and enforcement. To get full use of this insight one needs to have auction procedures that provide incentives for truthful revelation of agents' private alternate incomes. Our second result is that the incentives for truthful revelation is lost when monitoring is incomplete unless the expected value...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental contract auctions; Monitoring and compliance; Truthful revelation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115985

Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Method Selection And Application To Three Contrasting Agricultural Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dooley,   A.E.; Sheath,   Gavin W.; Smeaton,   D.
Agribusiness, farm business and agricultural-environmental decisions which varied in their characteristics were used to evaluate multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) in an agricultural context. This paper discusses differences between the case studies, strengths and weaknesses of the methods used, and the success of the MCDM process based on participants’ expectations and experiences. While MCDM can help identify the best decision, the main benefits identified in using MCDM included better understanding of their own and other’s perspectives, a means to explain the decision and a structured way to work through the decision process. Key problem areas identified included time limitations, understanding and ownership.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multiple criteria decision making; Agriculture; Decision making; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98510

QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER IN VENETO REGION: NITRATES AND PHOSPHOROUS CONTENTS;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Consalter,   Agostino; Bertin,   Placido; Giandon,   Paolo.
Surface water pollution caused a growing concern for environmental damages (algine bloom, waterlife reduction, etc.) mostly for some aspects connected to public health (through the food chain or directly to water management), to crops and to soils (loss of fertility and foodstuff production capacity) especially given by the accumulation of toxic substances.  In 1991 the Veneto Region Land Reclamation Union began to cooperate with ESAV in order to carry out an investigation on water quality conditions to optimize its use and to prevent pollution.  The results emerging from this enquiry are taken into consideration in this study-case, as regards the main soluble nitrogen (nitrates) and phosphorus (ortophosphates) forms to know the level of nitrogen and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14444

CREATING A MARKET FOR CARBON EMISSIONS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandor,   Richard L.; Skees,   Jerry R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32957

Assessing Sustainability at Farm Level using RISE Tool: Results from Armenia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Urutyan,   Vardan E.; Thalmann,   Christian.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114820

The Impact of Natural Amenity on Farmland Values: A Quantile Regression Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.
The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of natural amenity on farmland values in the contiguous United States using a quantile regression approach and data from the 2006, 2007, and 2008 Agricultural Resource Management Surveys. The contribution of this study is three-fold. First, we explicitly include variables representing natural amenity and soil characteristics of farmland. Second, we employ a quantile regression approach to examine potentially heterogeneous impacts of natural amenity and soil characteristics at different quantiles of farmland values. Third, we utilized data from a nationwide survey of farm household to examine findings in studies using regional data are consistent at a national scale. Our quantile regression analysis...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmland Values; Quantile Regression; Natural Amenity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C14; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119804

Shocks, Sensitivity and Resilience: Tracking the Economic Impacts of Environmental Disaster on Assets in Ethiopia and Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Michael R.; Little,   Peter D.; Mogues,   Tewodaj; Negatu,   Workneh.
Droughts, hurricanes and other environmental shocks punctuate the lives of poor and vulnerable populations in many parts of the world. The direct impacts can be horrific, but what are the longer-term effects of such shocks on households and their livelihoods? Under what circumstances, and for what types of households, will shocks push households into poverty traps from which recovery is not possible? In an effort to answer these questions, this paper analyzes the asset dynamics of Ethiopian and Honduran households in the wake of severe environmental shocks. While the patterns are different across countries, both reveal worlds in which the poorest households struggle most with shocks, adopting coping strategies which are costly in terms of both short term...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12648

The impact of nature conservation on agricultural greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions – an economic assessment of selected German study regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaller,   Lena; Droesler,   Matthias; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
Using a significant amount of public funding, large-scale nature-conservation projects in Germany aim to secure and develop ecologically valuable areas and endangered habitats and species. Due to the substantial land-use changes accompanying these projects, their implementation can also have relevant climate effects – one result which has not been explicitly focused upon previously. Our study analyses major cost positions in implementing such projects, particularly the expense of changing or abandoning agricultural land-use for conservation purposes. We link public funding to relevant climate effects and derive CO2 abatement costs. Therefore we conduct plot-specific ex-post analyses of agricultural land-use and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Our study...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108797

Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Ethanol from Iowa Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Rubin,   Ofir D.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
As the United States begins to move towards putting an economic value on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the need for improved accounting standards becomes acute. Lifecycle analysis (LCA), which involves the systematic collection and interpretation of material flow in all relevant processes of a product, has become the accepted procedure to use to determine greenhouse gas emissions of products ranging from transportation fuels, to building materials, to food production (Farrell et al., 2006; Hill et al., 2006; Owen, 2004). The basic motivation of LCA is that, to conduct a fair assessment of the environmental impacts of a product, it is necessary to take into account all of the processes throughout the product’s lifespan, including the extraction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49101

POVERTY, FOOD SECURITY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per; Pandya-Lorch,   Rajul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16346

CERTIFICATION ON SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BIOFUEL SECTOR: a case study on Brazilian ethanol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Annalisa.
This paper tries to identify under which conditions voluntary certification could be an answer to the governance of sustainability at global level. The study addresses the case of biofuel sustainability certification in Brazil and the role of the EU Directive on biofuels. The case study has permitted to identify and analyze some of these factors as the degree of dependence from foreign market, the policy environment, the structure of the supply chain, the benefits and costs associated to certification as well as some unintended consequences. The research has been conducted through a case study in the state of Sao Paolo (Brazil).
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Certification; Brazil; EU; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124112

ENCOURAGING FARMERS TO PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS FROM AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.; Zimmerman,   Julie K.H.; Vondracek,   Bruce.
Farmers produce many things in abundance for which they receive income, including food, feed, fiber and fuel.  Similarly, farmers generate environmental benefits such as improved water quality by reducing soil and nutrient loss and improved wildlife habitat by managing their operation in certain ways.  Unfortunately, most farmers receive limited or no compensation for these positive externalities they produce.  If we wish to encourage more of these positive externalities, policies need to be established and implemented that compensate producers for the benefits society receives from specific farming practices.  This research examined how production practices that provide environmental benefits would affect water quality (nutrient and sediment loss),...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19785

Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uchida,   Emi; Rozelle,   Scott; Xu,   Jintao.
This study evaluates the off-farm labor response of rural households participating in the Grain for Green program in China, the largest conservation set-aside program in the developing world. Using a panel data set that we designed and implemented, we examine the impact of the program on changes in off-farm labor participation between 1999 (pre-program) and 2004 (post-program) using a difference-in-differences approach and several extensions that account for program intensity. We also test whether the program impact is diverse depending on level of physical and human capital of participants.  We find that on average the Grain for Green program has a positive effect on off-farm labor participation. Importantly, however, we find that program effects vary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Off-farm labor supply; Grain for Green program; China; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; J22; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9698

Analysis on the Development Trend of Oasis Subject and Its Countermeasures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Kaiyong; Yang,   Le; Pang,   Wei; Pan,   Xudong; Zhang,   Fenghua.
The research status, development and trend of oasis subject were analyzed, and related countermeasures to develop oasis subject were put forward.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Oasis subject; Subject; Development; Construction; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53602

The Economic Value of Irrigation in the Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Wright,   Andrew P.; Hudson,   Darren; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Amosson,   Stephen H.
The Texas Panhandle relies largely on the Ogallala Aquifer for access to water for irrigated agricultural production.  With current pumping rates and slow recharge rates, the aquifer will at some point in the future no longer be an economically viable source of water for agriculture.  The objective of this study is to estimate the value of irrigated agriculture to the region.  A hypothetical policy restriction is imposed which assumes a one hundred percent conversion to dryland agriculture.  The study estimates the economic impact of such a change on producer income and the resulting socioeconomic impacts on communities in the region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; IMPLAN; Irrigated production; Ogallala Aquifer; Water policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56433

Climate Change and Forest Ecosystem Sinks: Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18152

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026

A POLLUTION TRADING SYSTEM WITH COST ASSYMETRY: An Application to Nonpoint Source Trading in the Boone River Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valcu,   Adriana M.; Kling,   Catherine L.
The goal of watershed scale analysis is to assign to each field unit the best set of agricultural practices in order to achieve a maximum outcome from both environmental and economic perspectives. Watershed physically based models linked to multiobjective optimization models can overcome the high dimensionality of watershed pollution problem. Market based instruments such as permit trading settings which consider abatement measures’ cost heterogeneity have been regarded as being superior to command and control programs. Empirical analysis reveals that when local environmental authority and farmers have different cost information, a permit trading program has the potential to offer cost savings.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103719

AGRICULTURE IN AN ECOSYSTEMS FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Hrubovcak,   James; Kramer,   Carol S.; Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
By broadening the definition of an ecosystem to include economic activities, can we better characterize the interactions and relationships among agricultural activities and important indicators of ecological system health?  This paper addresses research approaches for assessing the role of agriculture in an ecosystems context.  Environmental regulation and resource management policies have heightened the interest in understanding interactions among agricultural activities and the natural resource base, including the impacts of agriculture on environmental quality and the impacts on agriculture of ecosystem restoration efforts.  What are the most meaningful indicators of environmental quality?  Which agricultural practices and policies should be considered,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31398

Assessment of Urban Carrying Capacity.  A Case Study of Environmental and Institutional Implications for Water Resource Management in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chennamaneni,   Ramesh; Rao,   Subba.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36945

The reality of climate change and Africa’s development agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lalthapersad-Pillay,   P.
Studies affirm that developing countries will be hardest it by the dynamics of climate change given that they have to contend with extreme poverty levels and waning levels of economic growth. Climate variability will impact on water resources, land, forests and ecosystems, all of which will threaten livelihoods and food security. In developing countries the effects of climate change will manifest as increased and deeper exposure to vulnerabilities, with the previously attained development gains being compromised. Together these factors will impact on the achievement of the MDGs. Although Africa contributes negligibly to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, it will be worst affected due to its geographical location, its dependence on climate-sensitive resources...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95977

Die Bedeutung der EU-Institutionen in der Klimapolitik - eine Public Choice-Analyse -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bockem,   Alexandra.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand des Instrumentariums der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie die zu beobachtenden Ineffizienzen in der europäischen Klimapolitik zu erklären. Diese bestehen zum einen in einer Bevorzugung ineffizienter klimapolitischer Instrumente gegenüber anreizorientierten Maßnahmen wie beispielsweise der CO2- /Energiesteuer. Darüber hinaus ist eine Diskrepanz zwischen weitgesteckten Emissionsreduktionszielen und deren mangelhafter Umsetzung zu erkennen. Trotz der Überlegenheit europaweiter Maßnahmen im Klimaschutz ist die diesbezügliche Politik der EU weiterhin von unkoordinierten nationalen Programmen geprägt. Die EU-Klimapolitik ist ein Teilbereich der europäischen Umweltpolitik, welche ihre Legitimation aus Art. 130r-t EGV erhält....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26326

Erfassung, Bewertung und Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen des deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungssektors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Nieberg,   Hiltrud; Ruter,   Sebastian; Isermeyer,   Folkhard; Haenel,   Hans-Dieter; Hahne,   Jochen; Krentler,   Jan-Gerd; Paulsen,   Hans Marten; Schuchardt,   Frank; Schweinle,   Jorg; Weiland,   Peter.
Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie werden Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) aus der deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft analysiert und Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Reduzierung erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird die Eignung von Ökobilanzen für die Bewertung von Produktionsverfahren und Produkten untersucht. In Kapitel 2 werden theoretische Grundlagen für die Umsetzung von Klimaschutzpolitiken erörtert. Als Bilanzierungs- und Analysemethoden werden die Emissionsberichterstattung, die umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen, Ökobilanzen (Life Cycle Assessment) und Carbon Footprints vorgestellt. Es folgt in Kapitel 3 eine Analyse der THG-Emissionen des deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungssektors nach Quellgruppen der Klimaberichterstattung sowie in Bezug auf Produktionsprozesse...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Klimawandel; Treibhausgase; Landwirtschaft; Kohlenstoff Fußabdruck; Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Agriculture; Carbon footprint; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1 (Q18); Q 5 (Q51; Q 52; Q 54).
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103666

Preliminary Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Offsets in a Cap and Trade Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Delgado,   Jorge; Livingston,   Michael J.
Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that is emitted from cropland treated with nitrogen fertilizer. Reducing such emissions through nutrient management might be able to produce offsets for sale in a cap and trade program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. We use the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Program (NLEAP) model and data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey to examine what changes in rate, timing, or method of application a farmer would take to produce offsets. We find that reducing the application rate is the most favored approach for producing offsets. We also find that some management choices may increase nitrate losses to water.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Nitrous oxide; Nutrient management; Cap and trade; NLEAP; Greenhouse gas; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117776

Assessing the Impact of Cap-and-Trade Climate Legislation on Agriculture in the Northern Plains: A Policy Simulation with Farmer Preference and Adaption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-trade; Carbon sequestration; Climate change mitigation; Agricultural impact; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61532

EXPLAINING RURAL HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN RECYCLING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jakus,   Paul M.; Tiller,   Kelly; Park,   William M.
Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider waste stream reduction alternatives such as household recycling.  Explaining the factors which motivate households to recycle is important to regions where households must bear a large portion of the recycling cost because unit-based garbage disposal fees and curbside recycling are not feasible options. Empirical results indicate that residents are responsive to constraints introduced by the household production technology, such as time costs and storage space, but are not responsive to variables measuring a recycling promotional program. Promotion efforts should switch focus from broader "public good" benefits of recycling to reducing household-level household production constraints.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dropoff recycling; Household recycling participation; Rural regions; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15529

The Enhanced I/M Program in Arizona: Costs, Effectiveness, and a Comparison with Pre-regulatory Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.; Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
Using data from 1995 and 1996, we estimate the cost of the Arizona Enhanced I/M Program and the emission reductions achieved. We begin by enumerating briefly the components of I/M costs and discuss their size and incidence. Then we describe the empirical information from Arizona and how we use it to construct cost estimates for both vehicle inspection and repair of failing vehicles. Inspection costs include the costs of operating the test stations and the costs motorists incur in time and money to get to the station and go through the testing process. We find that the inspection costs account for over two-thirds of the full costs of I/M, while costs associated with actual vehicle repair account for only one third. We conclude by comparing the empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: I/M cost-effectiveness; Vehicle emissions; Mobile sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10867

Efficient Documentation and Webmarketing Strategies for DNAs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gupta,   Naman; Michaelowa,   Axel.
In accordance with the modalities and procedures for a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) decided in Marrakech 2001, "Parties participating in the CDM shall designate a national authority for the CDM." Till date only 89 Parties have established their Designated National Authority (DNA). Capacity building and marketing the national CDM programmes to buyers of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) or project investors is one of the important tasks of host countries. In that context, website development and hosting is a key outreach mechanism for DNAs to market their national CDM programme as well as improving their country's competitiveness on the global market. But also Annex I DNA websites can play a useful role, particularly for host country companies who...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; DNA website; Non- Annex I countries; Annex-I countries; Marketing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26172

ECONOMICS OF POULTRY LITTER UTILIZATION AND OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR PHOSPHORUS DISPOSAL IN GEORGIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; McIntosh,   Christopher S.
Poultry litter can be used as plant nutrients or cattle feed.  Both of these alternatives may increase phosphorus concentration in the nearby watershed.  Use of phosphorus consistent litter application rule in nutrient management combined with permit system has potential to curtail the over production of litter and prevent the possible contamination of water.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23813

Evaluating Non-Price Water Demand Policies During Severe Droughts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Eric C.; Proft,   Rebecca; Waskom,   Reagan.
Western states and provinces live under constant drought threat. When and how to time restrictions on outdoor watering are crucial management issues. The effectiveness of various policies is assessed using experience from Colorado during a severe drought.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46364

An Evaluation of the Virginia Nutrient Credit Trading Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephenson,   Kurt; Aultman,   Stephen; Shabman,   Leonard A.
Federal and state regulatory agencies frequently support and encourage the use of market-based effluent trading to achieve social water quality goals. This paper evaluates the design of the recently approved Virginia Nutrient Trading Program. The cost implications of setting a near limit of technology point source cap and requiring new and expanding sources to meet specific technology-based performance standards are examined.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21071

Optimal Allocation of Land for Conservation: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Sahan T.M.; Nunez,   Hector M.
This paper was replaced with a revised version on 7/26/10
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation; General Equilibrium Modeling; Optimal Land Allocation; Conservation Tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q57; C68.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61820

Policies drain the North China Plain: Agricultural policy and groundwater depletion in Luancheng County, 1949-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kendy,   Eloise; Molden,   David J.; Steenhuis,   Tammo S.; Liu,   Changming; Wang,   Jinxia.
The report examines the relationships between agricultural policies in the North China Plain, the approaches to water management that evolved from them, the quantity of water that was actually used, and the consequent groundwater depletion beneath Luancheng County, Hebei Province, from 1949 to 2000. To systematically address these relationships, we use a comprehensive water-balance approach. Our results indicate that a single, longstanding policy-that of using groundwater to meet the crop-water requirements not supplied by precipitation-is responsible for the steady rate of groundwater decline.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Groundwater; Aquifers; Water shortage; Irrigation efficiency; Agricultural policy; Crop production; Wastewaters; Water management; Hydrology; Economic development; Crop yield; Cotton; Wheat; Sprinkler irrigation; Water conservation; Water use efficiency; Pumping; Water balance; Vegetables; Rural economy; Irrigated framing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44560

RECYCLING OF SOLID WASTES - A CLASSIC PROBLEM IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carley,   Dale H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29331

DISCOUNTING AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate constant equivalent discount rates" and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discounting; Climate change modeling; Stern Review; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7149

THE NON-NEUTRALITY OF WTO BORDER TAX ADJUSTMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCISE TAXES UNDER IMPERFECT COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Border tax adjustments for environmental taxes should leave imports of final goods unchanged.  If intermediate and final goods markets are imperfectly competitive though, non-neutrality can result.  Under Cournot behavior, an import tax equal to the environmental tax is too high, and under Bertrand, an import subsidy is the appropriate policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19673

The Excitement and Value of Discovering Tourism Economics: Clem Tisdell's Journey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines how Clem Tisdell came to discover tourism economics and charts the basic route that he followed in developing that interest. This article is developed by first considering his early years (1939 to 1960), that is the period prior to his commencement of postgraduate studies at the Australian National University, then his postgraduate studies at the Australian National University (1961-1963), and his lecturing appointment at this university in the period 1964-1972. It was towards the end of this period that his research interests started to change significantly and provided a springboard for his later focus on tourism economics and the environment. It was during his appointment as Professor of Economics at the University of Newcastle (1972-1989) that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Ecological economics; Economic development; Environmental economics; India; Nature-based tourism; Sustainable tourism; Tourism economics; Wildlife conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; F18; L83; O10; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90631

Study on Ecological Compensation System and Land Desertification Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lu,   Zhixiang; Gao,   Bingtao.
The problems of desertification control in China are analyzed from the perspective of ecological compensation. Firstly, there is no guarantee of ecological compensation system in desertification control. On the basis of knowing land desertification connotation, the western region is taken as an example to analyze the serious consequence brought by land desertification, besides, the connotation and importance of ecological compensation are summarized, as well as the views related to resolve the benefit compensation of ecological environment in the world are introduced. The ecological compensation is mainly based on the compensation theory of public goods and the value theory of ecological environment, besides, it emphasizes using tax to realize...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological compensation system; Land desertification; Creative Conception; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54032

The Health Impacts of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Solid Fuels in Developing Countries: Knowledge, Gaps, and Data Needs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ezzati,   Majid; Kammen,   Daniel M.
Globally, almost three billion people rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung) and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. Exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels has been implicated, with varying degrees of evidence, as a causal agent of disease and mortality in developing countries. We review the current knowledge on the relationship between indoor air pollution and disease, and on the assessment of interventions for reducing exposure and disease. Our review takes an environmental health perspective and considers the details of both exposure and health effects that are needed for successful intervention strategies. We also identify knowledge gaps and detailed research questions that are essential for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Household energy; Developing countries; Exposure assessment; Exposure-response relationship; Indoor air pollution; Intervention; Public health; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10864

INDICADOR DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DASHBOARD: ANÁLISE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO FAMILIAR DE FRUTAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPURANGA - GO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campos,   Claudia Aparecida; Ribeiro,   Francis Lee; Souza,   Cleonice Borges De.
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a sustentabilidade da produção tradicional e orgânica de frutas dos agricultores familiares do município de Itapuranga, por meio do indicador de sustentabilidade Dashboard. O principal problema é que o sistema de produção tradicional de frutas utilizado por estes agricultores estava sendo desenvolvido com o uso intensivo e inadequado de insumos químicos (fertilizantes e agrotóxicos) causando problemas de ordem social e econômica aos agricultores e impactos ao meio ambiente. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que: o sistema de fruticultura orgânica, mesmo se encontrando em fase inicial apresentou por meio do Indicador de Sustentabilidade Dashboard o Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Global (IDS) com uma performance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura orgânica; Dashboard; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Organic agriculture; Dashboard; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109448

Environmental water needs and impacts of irrigated agriculture in river basins:  A framework for a new research program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Water conservation; Irrigated farming; River basins; Environmental effects; Ecosystems; Water requirements; Water allocation; Catchment areas; Lagoons; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92695

ECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION IN TANZANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohamed,   Sarah S.H.
The importance of bio-fuels as an alternative to oil is growing due to the increasing volatility of oil prices.  As bio-fuels increasingly replace oil, their higher demand can be an opportunity for developing underdeveloped countries rich with resources for bio-fuel production to engage in such production and as a result, develop.  The feasibility of growing the relevant feedstock, Jatropha curcas, in this case, for the production of bio-fuels, specifically, bio-diesel, in Tanzania is evaluated.  The factors, which are investigated, include policy, population density, technology and infrastructure.  It was found that the labour characteristics, population density and the state of the available technology provide suitable conditions for bio-fuel production....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99231

Wildfire and Respiratory Illness: Linking Fire Events and Attributes to Health Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moeltner,   Klaus; Kim,   Man-Keun; Yang,   Wei; Zhu,   Erqian Julia.
Existing studies on the economic impact of wildfire smoke have focused either on single fire events or entire fire seasons without distinguishing between individual occurrences. Neither approach allows for an examination of the marginal effects of fire attributes, such as distance and fuel type, on health impacts and costs. Yet, improved knowledge of these marginal effects can provide important guidance for efficient wildfire management strategies. This study aims to bridge this gap using detailed information on 35 large-scale wildfires in the California and Nevada Sierras that have sent smoke plumes to the Reno / Sparks area of Northern Nevada over a three-year period. We relate the daily acreage burned by these fires to daily data on local hospital...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wildfires; Air quality; Respiratory illness; Distributed lag models; Count data models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103433

Hedonic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Using Agricultural Land Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan.
Agriculture, an ecosystem transformed by humans for the purpose of supplying food, fiber and biofuel, can provide people a host of benefits, or ecosystem services (ES). While markets exist for farm products, many of today’s central agro-environmental policy concerns are related to ES that lack complete markets, such as regulating ES and recreational, aesthetic and cultural ES. Valuation of non-marketed ES linked to agriculture is needed to improve their utilization and efficient provision. Some ES that facilitate agricultural production or provide natural amenities can be perceived by people through various natural resources and landscapes on farmlands and surrounding areas. One indirect way to measure the value of ES is via what people pay for the lands...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land; Hedonic; Ecosystem services; Sales price; Appraisal value; GIS.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59321

METHODOLOGY FOR INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GDP AND PRODUCTIVITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qi,   Shunrong; Coggins,   Jay S.; Xu,   Lan.
The paper provides a methodology that is feasibly implemented for integrated environmental-economic (or 'green') GDP accounting and productivity measurement. The shadow prices for environmental inputs, which enable us to calculate green GDP and to design a pollution tax scheme and tradable permit system for social optimum, can be derived. The development of the statistics of green GDP and green productivity growth provides a fundamental component of policy-making for socially optimal growth and of formulating the market mechanisms for environmental management.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20682

Earmarking of pollution charges and the sub-optimality of the Pigouvian tax
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Tingsong.
One approach to internalising a negative externality of economic activity is to impose a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of the externality. However, this approach overlooks the possibility that the tax revenue can be earmarked to correct the externality directly, i.e. financing the environmental protection projects. It is found that a pure Pigouvian tax is usually not an optimal policy. This issue is examined in both partial and general equilibrium, static and dynamic settings. Certain conditions for justifying a pure Pigouvian tax or a fully earmarked tax scheme are developed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117732

CDM Potential for Rural Transition in China Case Study: Options in Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xingshu; Michaelowa,   Axel.
This paper aims to examine the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to address energy- related issues during the rural transition process in China, using a case study of quickly urbanizing and industrializing Yinzhou district in coastal Zhejiang province. Yinzhou's per capita GDP reached US$ 3100 in 2002, three times China's average, and is targeted to achieve $10,000 in 2020. We assess the current energy status of Yinzhou, and provide projections of energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to the year 2020. Energy resource shortages and limited possibilities to obtain coal-fired electricity from national grid illustrate the opening gap between energy supply and demand. We find that Yinzhou's CDM potential is concentrated in efficiency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; China; Urbanization; Energy efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q 540; Q 580.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26152

Developmental Upsurge of Leisure Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhong,   Chunyan; Wang,   Jinghua.
This paper expounds the developmental status and characteristics of leisure agriculture, as well as the inevitability of the developmental upsurge. It also analyzes the problems brought by over-heated development of leisure agriculture. And the countermeasures adopted by government and related sections are put forward from the aspects of developmental ideas, plan, management, construction of infrastructure and cultivation of talents.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Leisure agriculture of China; Developmental upsurge; Problem; Countermeasures and proposals; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53511

Delayed Action and Uncertain Targets. How Much Will Climate Policy Cost?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Tavoni,   Massimo.
Despite the growing concern about actual on-going climate change, there is little consensus about the scale and timing of actions needed to stabilise the concentrations of greenhouse gases. Many countries are unwilling to implement effective mitigation strategies, at least in the short-term, and no agreement on an ambitious global stabilisation target has yet been reached. It is thus likely that some, if not all countries, will delay the adoption of effective climate policies. This delay will affect the cost of future policy measures that will be required to abate an even larger amount of emissions. What additional economic cost of mitigation measures will this delay imply? At the same time, the uncertainty surrounding the global stabilisation target to be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Climate Policy; Stabilisation Costs; Delayed Action; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44219

Interviews with Ground Water Experts in Twenty Regulated Riparian States: Selected Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Branch,   Marian.
Michigan, like many other states, is concerned that current ground water regulations are not adequate for addressing increasing demands placed upon the state’s aquifers and is currently revising its ground water policies. In order to identify components of effective ground water policies, we interviewed (via telephone) 70 ground water experts in 20 regulated riparian states which have a history of managing ground water within a riparian doctrine. Our respondents were from agencies, extension, universities, water resource institutes, and special interest groups, as well as legislators. Our sample includes experts who were involved in policy design as well as experts who work with ground water regulations on a daily basis. The questions in our...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Riparian groundwater policy; Interview groundwater experts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics; Q25 - Water; Q28 - Government Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44813

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PLANTING FLEXIBILITY AND CONSERVATION 1990 FARM BILLS FOR FUTURE FARM LEGISLATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Shunxiang; Walker,   David J.; Brusven,   Merlyn A.
The interaction of the planting flexibility and conservation compliance provisions from the 1985 and 1990 farm bills was evaluated using an integrated systems model.  Results showed that flex and compliance policy in combination reduced net returns and government costs, diluted environmental benefits of conservation compliance, and increased grower responsiveness to market signals, compared with conservation compliance alone.  Strict compliance and higher flex levels were the most detrimental to farm income and environmental goals.  Decoupling in current and future policy proposals will promote conservation goals.  Budgetary reductions in future farm policy could reduce conservation incentives.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31579

Bewertung von Landschaftsfunktionen mit Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Kim; Schmitz,   P. Michael; Wronka,   Tobias C.
The first application of choice experiments as an environmental valuation method in Germany clearly demonstrates the potential of this method for the valuation of agriculture's multifunctionality. Choice experiments are a reasonable enhancement of the conjoint analysis as they are capable of calculating the theoretically correct welfare measures in the form of implicit prices. In combination with business and ecological models this allows for the comprehensive valuation of agriculture's multifunctionality in the sense, that in addition to the supply or cost side of land use scenarios the demand or benefit side is accounted for. In this study the integrated ecological and economical valuation of land use scenarios was demonstrated for two different...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Environmental valuation; Multifunctional agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98082

Interaktive Programmierungsansätze für die Gestaltung von Agrar- und Umweltprogrammen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Jechlitschka,   Kurt.
Planning agricultural and environmental programmes has become a complex task. In this paper we show how interactive programming can help to solve such complex policy decision-making problems. The basic linear programming model is implemented with Excel. We show, for a hypothetical agricultural and environmental programme, how the approach can be used in an interactive way between scientists and policy decision-makers. The approach allows to visually demonstrate and quickly assess the consequences of changing assumptions and framework conditions on the programme design. It could effectively improve the quality of policy decision-making support; it requires the actors’ willingness, of course, to engage in a real dialogue.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and environmental programmes; EU agricultural policy; Decision-making support; Linear programming; Policy support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98361

Towards a Genuine Sustainability Standard for Biofuel Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Tsur,   Yacov.
Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change (iLUC). We show that even including iLUCs, LCA is still biased and distorted because it is based on GHG emission and uptake calculations, which assume economic values only if (i) the environmental price of carbon is constant over time and (ii) the social discount rate (SDR) equals zero. We offer a sustainability standard free of these restrictions, expressed in terms of a range of SDRs and a maximal GHG payback period. Applying our methodology to Brazilian and U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Biofuel Production; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48927

Fossil Fuel Extraction and Climate Policy: A Review of the Green Paradox with Endogenous Resource Exploration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterle,   Ines.
Policies aimed at reducing emissions from fossil fuels may increase climate damages. This “Green Paradox” emerges if resource owners increase near-term extraction in fear of stricter future policy measures. Hans-Werner Sinn (2008) showed that the paradox occurs when increasing resource taxes are applied within a basic exhaustible resource model. This article highlights that the emergence of the Green Paradox within this framework relies on the non-existence of a backstop technology and fixed fossil fuel resources. In doing this, it initially presents a basic exhaustible resource model which includes a backstop technology and shows that the implementation of a specific sales tax path is effective in mitigating global warming. Secondly, it considers the case...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Green Paradox; Supply-side dynamics; Climate Policy; Exhaustible Resources; Fossil Fuels; Exploration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q31; Q54; Q58; H23; H32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122010

Spatial variation in benefits and costs, or why pollution isn't always for sale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Helfand,   Gloria E.; Kim,   Hong Jin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abatement cost; Air pollution; Benefit-cost; Analysis; Clean air act; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43914

A GROUP INCENTIVE PROGRAM FOR FARMER ADOPTION OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: AN APPLICATION TO THE NITRATE POLLUTION PROBLEM IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ipe,   Viju C.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.
The paper demonstrates a group incentive program to encourage farmer adoption of best management practices.  It is demonstrated that the best management practices may not actually reduce farm profits but may increase farm profits and reduce environmental pollution.  This may bring about a win-win situation for sponsor, the farmer participating in the program, and  the society as a whole.  The results show that the farmers subjective beliefs about response of corn yields and profits to nitrogen application differ from the simulated responses which in turn results in the willingness-to-Accept for adoption best management practices significantly higher than the expected program payments.    The program could be implemented as an educational effort to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Group incentive; Adoption; Best management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21704

Interoperability of Knowledge Units in Plant Protection: Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berankova,   Martina; Houska,   Milan; Kvasnicka,   Roman.
In this work, we provide two case studies on interoperability and transfer of knowledge in the environment of a company dealing with plant protection. We find that the area of plant protection is highly oriented on working with knowledge. In this case interoperability of knowledge can play an important role in acquiring knowledge from different environments to solve specific problem in companies dealing with plant protection. Nevertheless, the concept of interoperability is well-developed on the level of data and information only. We stem from our previous works, where we defined a logical concept for the interoperability of knowledge on the level of knowledge units. The objective of this work is to show how to apply our process model of knowledge...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Interoperability; Knowledge transfer; Plant protection; Knowledge unit; Process model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99226

Motivations for Proactive Environmental Management and Innovative Pollution Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khanna,   Madhu; Speir,   Cameron.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9788

A Meaningful U.S. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44469

Assessing programmes for the provision of agri-environmental services               – An efficiency analysis realized in Southern Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kantelhardt,   Jochen; Eckstein,   Karin; Hoffmann,   Helmut.
Agricultural land use does not only concern farmers, but is of high relevance for the environment. Agri-environmental programmes aim to foster the environmental soundness of agricultural production. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of agri-environmental programmes on the economic and the environmental performance of farms. Using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we calculated the economic as well as the environmental efficiencies of farms and examined whether farms are able to succeed in combining environmental and economic efficiency. As study object serves a South German agri-environmental programme, the Bavarian KULAP. A farm survey was conducted covering a total of 102 farmers. The results show that farmers who...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programme; Data envelopment analysis; Environmental efficiency; Economic efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51688

Optimal Coverage of Installations in a Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanderson,   Todd; Ancev,   Tihomir; Betz,   Regina.
Trading schemes for emission allowances have become a panacea for nations aspiring to reduce their aggregate emissions of greenhouse gases from industry in a cost-effective manner. The contention of this paper is that an emissions trading scheme (ETS) should not be based on blanket coverage of installations on a downstream level, but should rather be designed to include some installations, and from some industrial sectors. In the case of an ETS there are high costs of administration, monitoring and transacting imposed on the installations covered. These costs are supposed to be more than offset by the cost savings realised through trading in the market for emission allowances. However, the paper shows that not all installations can fully offset...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Emissions Trading Scheme; European Union; Marginal Abatement Costs; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6047

Environmental Policy, Spatial Spillovers and the Emergence of Economic Agglomerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyriakopoulou,   Efthymia; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
We explain the spatial concentration of economic activity, in a model of economic geography, when the cost of environmental policy - which is increasing in the concentration of emissions - and an immobile production factor act as centrifugal forces, while positive knowledge spillovers and iceberg transportation costs act as centripetal forces. We study the agglomeration effects caused by trade-offs between centripetal and centrifugal forces. The above effects govern firms’ location decisions and as a result, they define the distribution of economic activity across space. We derive the rational expectations equilibrium and the social optimum, compare the outcomes and characterize the optimal spatial policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Spatial Economics; Environmental Policy; Knowledge Spillovers; Transportation Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; R3; Q5; H2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54289

Institutional Impediments to Groundwater Trading: the case of the Gnangara groundwater system of Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skurray,   James H.; Pandit,   Ram; Pannell,   David J.
The development of a market in groundwater usage rights can be inhibited by constraints arising from the institutional context. Such impediments may reduce the potential gains from trade and may generate high transaction costs for prospective traders.  We analyse the regulations and policies influencing groundwater transfers in a case-study area -- the Gnangara groundwater system around Perth, Western Australia -- and identify significant impediments to a groundwater market.  Property rights are found to be conditional, temporary, and vulnerable to amendment. Regulatory approval is required for all transfers. Facilitating infrastructure is lacking, and price information is unavailable. Management area boundaries reflect land ownership and use rather than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q28; Q38; Q56; Q57; Q58; D02; R52; H41; H23; H11; D23; D47; D78; H44.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117825

Energy Input Use and CO2 Emissions in the Major Wheat Growing Regions of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manaloor,   Varghese; Sen,   Chandra.
Energy Input Use and CO2 Emissions in the Major Wheat Growing  Regions of India    ABSTRACT   The structural and technological changes that have taken place over the past several decades have resulted in an increased use of direct and indirect energy inputs in Indian agriculture.  In particular, the substitution of capital for labour has increased the reliance of agriculture on non-renewable energy use.    Increased wheat production in India has been achieved through the expanded use of increasingly sophisticated inputs, such as farm machinery, fertilizers, herbicides, and irrigation. All these involve the use of commercial energy.  The use of fossil fuel in the agriculture industry contributes to the overall Greenhouse emissions.  This study estimates the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51695

Contracting for Environmental Property Rights: The Case of Vittel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Depres,   Christophe; Grolleau,   Gilles; Mzoughi,   Naoufel.
Based on an authentic case of contracting for environmental property rights, our paper shows several implications of applying the Coase’s propositions. The case study adds empirical content to basic transaction costs concepts by analyzing the design and implementation of a contractual arrangement between a pollutee –a bottler of mineral water Vittel– and several polluting farmers. We analyze the bargaining between land and water rights owners and the bottler Vittel to determine how transaction cost issues (valuation disputes, bi-lateral monopoly conditions, and third-party effects) were overcome and how they succeeded in contracting for environmental property rights. We provide several comparisons of the Vittel case with other similar cases, leading to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Case study; Contracting; Environmental property rights; Environmental-related transactions; Private arrangement; Vittel; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; K23; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24729

Temporal Stability of Recreation Choices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parsons,   George R.; Stefanova,   Stela.
We evaluate the stability of coefficient and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for recreation services over two time periods. To address this question, we estimate a Random Utility Maximization (RUM) model of recreation demand, using two datasets from different time periods, but concerning the same study area. We then compare the estimation results and evaluate the temporal stability of preferences that drive recreation choices. The two datasets are on trips made by Delaware residents to beaches in the Mid-Atlantic region: Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland and Northern Virginia. The first dataset was collected using a mail survey in 1997 and the second dataset was gathered through an Internet survey in 2005. Besides the time periods, and the survey methods,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Recreation demand; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49296

Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets examines the potential role that land ownership might play in determining the agricultural sector’s involvement in carbon sequestration programs. By estimating the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural producers who own most of the land they operate, this report finds that land ownership should not be a constraining factor in agriculture’s ability to provide carbon offsets.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Climate change; Carbon sequestration; Carbon offsets; Cap and trade programs; Farmland ownership; Tenure; Farming practices; Conservation practices; Conservation Reserve Program; Crops; Livestock; Environmental services; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58994

The Designation of Co-benefits and Its Implication for Policy: Water Quality versus Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Secchi,   Silvia; Jha,   Manoj K.; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Feng,   Hongli; Gassman,   Philip W.; Kling,   Catherine L.
This study investigates the implications of treating different environmental benefits as the primary target of policy design. We focus on two scenarios, estimating for both of them in-stream sediment, nutrient loadings, and carbon sequestration. In the first, we assess the impact of a program designed to improve water quality in Iowa on carbon sequestration, and in the second, we calculate the water quality impact of a program aimed at maximizing carbon sequestration. In both cases, the policy instrument is the retirement of land from agricultural production.  Our results, limited to the state of Iowa, and to the case of set-aside for water quality or carbon sequestration purposes, indicate that the amount of co-benefits depends on what indicators are used...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Environmental benefits targeting; Iowa; Land set-aside; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18353

Modeling the Regional Economic Impacts of the 2007/08 Drought: Results and Lessons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butcher,   G.V; Ford,   Stuart.
The 2007-08 drought affected a large area of New Zealand. This paper describes the analytical framework used to estimate the associated regional and national economic impacts. Results suggest that calculating drought economic impacts by applying standard farming industry multipliers to changes in farm gate output can greatly overstate both regional and national economic impacts. Calculating impacts using differences between forecast and actual farm production and expenditure by farm type is both feasible and produces far more reliable impact estimates.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Impact; Drought; Modeling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97167

International Trade and Air Pollution: The Economic Costs of Air Emissions from Waterborne Commerce Vessels in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Robin; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Although there is a burgeoning literature on the effects of international trade on the environment, relatively little work has been done on where trade most directly effects the environment: the transportation sector. This article shows how international trade is affecting criteria air pollution emissions in the United States' shipping sector. Recent work has shown that cargo ships have been long overlooked regarding their contribution to air pollution. Indeed, ship emissions have recently been deemed "the last unregulated source of traditional air pollutants." Air pollution from ships has a number of significant local, national, and global environmental effects. Building on past studies, we examine the economic costs of this increasing and unregulated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15594

Preparing for catastrophic climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Withagen,   Cees.
We study optimal adaptation to climate change when the harmful consequences of global warming are associated with stochastic occurrence of abrupt changes. The adaptation policy entails the accumulation of a particular sort of capital that will eliminate or reduce the catastrophic damage of an abrupt climate change when (and if) it occurs. The occurrence date is uncertain. The policy problem involves balancing the tradeoffs between the (certain) investment cost prior to occurrence and the benefit (in reduced damage) that will be realized after the (uncertain) occurrence date. For stationary economies the optimal adaptation capital converges to a steady state. For growing economies the optimal adaptation capital stock approaches the maximal economic level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Hazard; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117652

Afforestation and Timber Management Compliance Strategies in Climate Policy. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Nunes Rosa,   Renato.
This paper analyzes the role of afforestation-reforestation and timber management activities, and their major and secondary economic effects in stabilizing climate during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, with a Computable General Equilibrium framework, the ICES model, it is inferred how forest carbon sequestration fits within the European domestic portfolio of a 2020-20 and 2020-30 climate stabilization policy. Afforestation and land use are accounted for by introducing their effects in the model. This is done by relying on carbon sequestration curves provided by Sohngen (2005), which describe the average annual cost of sequestration for selected world regions. Results show that afforestation and timber management could...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q24; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99641

Fuzzy Logic and Preference Uncertainty in Non-market Valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In seeking to value environmental amenities and public goods, individuals often have trouble trading off the (vague) amenity or good against a monetary measure. Valuation in these circumstances can best be described as fuzzy in terms of the amenity valued, perceptions of property rights, and the numbers chosen to reflect values. In this paper, we apply fuzzy logic to contingent valuation, employing a fuzzy clustering approach for incorporating preference uncertainty obtained from a follow-up certainty confidence question. We develop a Fuzzy Random Utility Maximization (FRUM) framework where the perceived utility of each individual is fuzzy in the sense that an individual’s utility belongs to each cluster to some degree. The model is then applied to a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Random utility maximization and fuzzy logic; Contingent valuation and preference uncertainty; C-means clustering; Forest conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; C35.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37021

India Agricultural Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
With a population of about 1.1 billion, India is expected to overtake China as the world's most populous country by 2030. India's economy ranks as Asia's third largest, after Japan and China, and is now one of the world's fastest growing. While growth has led to significant reductions in poverty, India still ranks among the world's low income countries in terms of income per capita. Nevertheless, economic growth has resulted in a burgeoning middle-class.  India's agriculture sector accounts for 18% of GDP, and employs around 60% of the workforce. Rice, wheat, cotton, oilseeds, jute, tea, sugarcane, milk and potatoes are India's major agricultural commodities. With its growing urban middle-class and increasing influence in global affairs, India's policies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Economic growth; Agricultural policy; Water scarcity; Market regulations; Agriculture; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46456

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model.  The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46853

THE DESIGN AND COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ALTERNATIVE SECOND-BEST POINT/NONPOINT TRADING MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Shortle,   James S.; Abler,   David G.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
There is considerable interest in the use of pollution trading between point and nonpoint sources  to improve the cost-effectiveness of water pollution control, but little literature to guide the design of trading systems involving nonpoint sources.  We explore the design of two types of trading systems that would allow trading among and between point and nonpoint sources.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11595

Is there any future for cash crops in developing countries? The case of vanilla.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokorna,   Irena; Smutka,   Lubos.
A generally used term for easy marketable commodities usually with high prices is cash crops As a result of it these commodities are produced by many developing and especially least developed countries (LDC). These crops have witnessed fluctuation in prices during the last decade. We can suppose that these products would be the domain of developing countries nevertheless the opposite is true.  Vanilla is a very good example of those products especially because just very few producers exist. We can suppose that vanilla trade would be the sphere of very few producers and beside that the agents would deal mostly with the demand site on the international market. However, the international vanilla market shows slight differences. Nevertheless, it can be grown...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cash crops; Vanilla; International trade; RCA.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102491

Policy Interactions at the Farm Level:  An Evaluation of Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and Related Policy Decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Barry K.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Kimhi,   Ayal.
We evaluate participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and its relationship with time allocation and farm structure.  We do not find a statistically significant link between enrollment of acreage in the CRP program and off-farm work effort.  We do find important linkages among time allocation and farm structure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9719

BALANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVE PROGRAM (EQIP)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doering,   Otto C., III.
A concern with productivity has to be tempered with our history of declining real prices for agricultural commodities which signal to some degree a certain amount of excess capacity in agriculture in the United States.  Thus, environmental concerns today may logically outweigh productivity concerns.  Conservation Programs that preceded the present EQIP program, such as the ACP, often had a productivity component that also was designed to help redistribute income to farmers.  In terms of productivity, this may have been as direct as subsidizing the application of lime or the installation of drainage.  It may have been more indirect, such as improving damaged lands that could then be returned to production.  In any case, some portion of conservation programs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20866

Changing Food Purchasing and Consumption Habits among Urban Middle-Classes in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Kerstin; Dittrich,   Christoph.
This preparatory case study provides an overview on the issue of changing food purchasing and food consumption habits among urban middle-classes in the South Indian emerging mega-city of Hyderabad. It analyses how food purchasing and dietary habits in this specific urban stratum are subject to profound changes due to increasing spending capacity and changing lifestyles in the context of economic liberalisation and globalisation processes. Another objective of the study examines health aspects of the changing food consumption habits. While nutrition research previously focused on the serious problem of undernutrition- related nutrient deficits, recent data shows that overweight and nutrition-related chronic diseases are more and more becoming serious...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Urban food problems; Urban middle-class; Hyderabad; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36908

Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Agriculture: Commitments, Cooperation and Conflicts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Hall,   Shannon L.
With regard to international organisations, agricultural economists have tended to focus their attention on the World Trade Organisation. There is a good reason for this – WTO negotiations determine, to a considerable degree, the international constraints on the imposition of barriers to market access, the subsidisation of exports and the subsidisation of domestic production. Most governments, however, have made a wide range of additional international commitments that have implications for trade and domestic policy making in agriculture through the negotiation of a large number of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) such as the Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Biosafety Protocol (BSP). These have received much...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45737

The Effect of Environmental Regulation on the Locational Choice of Japanese Foreign Direct Investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirkpatrick,   Colin; Shimamoto,   Kenichi.
This paper assesses the impact of environmental regulation in host countries on Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) decision-making. It tests the pollution haven hypothesis using data on national environmental regulation standards and Japanese inward FDI in five dirty industries (iron and steel industry, non-ferrous metals industry, chemicals industry, paper and pulp industry, non-metallic products industry). The results do not support the pollution hypothesis. On the contrary, inward Japanese FDI appears to be attracted to countries which have committed themselves to a transparent and stable environment regulatory environment, suggesting that the quality of the regulatory framework in terms of its certainty and transparency has a greater influence on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Foreign direct investment; Japanese multinationals; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q56; F21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30584

Time perspective and climate change policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
The tendency to foreshorten time units as we peer further into the future provides an explanation for hyperbolic discounting at an intergenerational time scale. We study implications of hyperbolic discounting for climate change policy, when the probability of a climate-induced catastrophe depends on the stock of greenhouse gasses. We provide a positive analysis by characterizing the set of Markov perfect equilibria (MPE) of the intergenerational game amongst a succession of policymakers. Each policymaker reflects her generation’s preferences, including its hyperbolic discounting. For a binary action game, we compare the MPE set to a “restricted commitment” benchmark. We compare the associated “constant equivalent discount rates” and the willingness to pay...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Catastrophic climate change; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42848

Farmland Conservation in the Netherlands and British Columbia, Canada: A Comparative Analysis Using GIS-Based Hedonic Pricing Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of urban development farmland in many countries is under pressure. Reasons to preserve farmland are related to cultural heritage, food safety, open space, the environment, but also slowing and restricting development is a reason. To protect farmland countries use different land use policies. This paper will look specifically at two jurisdictions: The Netherlands and a particularly rich farming area in British Columbia, Canada. For these areas we will investigate how the institutions and laws present in these jurisdictions contribute to agricultural land preservation. We will analyse farmland values in a GIS-based hedonic pricing framework to answer this question. This combination enables us to analyse direct impacts of laws and regulations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Zoning policies; Geographical Information System; Agricultural land values at the urban fringe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q10; Q15; R52.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37045

Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
Key policy issues relating to protection of the Great Barrier Reef from pollutants generated by agriculture are to identify when measures to improve water quality generate benefits to society that outweigh the costs of reducing pollutants. The research reported in this paper makes a key contribution in several key ways. First, it uses the improved science understanding about the links between management changes and reef health to bring together the analysis of costs and benefits of marginal changes, helping to demonstrate the appropriate way of addressing policy questions relating to reef protection. Second, it uses the scientific relationships to frame a choice experiment to value the benefits of improved reef health, and links improvements explicitly to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107583

Water management development and agriculture in Syria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haddad,   George; Szeles,   Ivett; Zsarnoczai,   J. Sandor.
Irrigated agriculture has increased steadily in Syria over the last decades, almost doubling since 1985. This mounting pace has responded to the nation’s food security policy objectives to satisfy the food production needs of an increasing population that features one of the largest growth rates in the world, namely 3,50 percent in 1985 and still 3,39 percent in 2007. Total expenditures for irrigated agriculture accounted for almost 70 percent of all expenditures in agriculture. Sustainable irrigation water policies aimed at increasing the efficiency of water use in agriculture and at conserving water resources by reducing future consumption. The Euphrates River is 2.800 km long and its middle traverses a wide floodplain in Syria, where it is used...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water utilisation; Water management; Modern irrigation technologies; Benefits of agricultural sector; Governmental supports; Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR); Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47546

Environmental Mechanism Designs in a New Order of Regulatory Capitalism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Centner,   Terence J.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Complexity of environmental programs is most apparent with information asymmetries, making the design of efficient mechanisms particularly challenging.  As developed theoretically in this paper, a new regulatory capitalism paradigm mating voluntary agreements with environmental education can produce outcomes at least as efficient as voluntary agreements alone.  Such a design exploits a key difference between voluntary agreements versus educational programs in terms of their impact on agents' incentive compatibilities.  Specifically, in a principal-agent model, voluntary agreements are associated with an incentive-compatibility constraint, whereas educational programs are not.  The efficient bundle will likely consist of a set of education programs and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Command and control; Environmental education; Environmental policy; Voluntary agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9357

INCENTIVES FOR SWITCHING AGRICULTURAL LAND TO CARBON SEQUESTERING NO-TILLAGE:  WHAT DURATION ARE INCENTIVES NECESSARY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Larson,   James A.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la.
Fourteen long term side-by-side tillage practice experiments were studied to analyze if no-tillage yields improved through time allowing incentives to decline.  In the majority of cases, no significant increase in no-till yield is evident.  Incentives may need to be permanent if switched acres are to remain using no-tillage practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35219

Accumulative Pollution, "Clean Technology," and Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Withagen,   Cees; Toman,   Michael.
Environmental policymakers must address the adverse effects of a number of pollutants that accumulate in the environment. Goals for the regulation of these damages often involve holding long-term emissions below a level deemed to be "dangerous", or outright banning of offending products or processes along with subsidization of more "green" alternatives. This paper builds upon previous studies by Keeler, Spence, and Zeckhauser (1971) and Tahvonen and Withagen (1996) in addressing the optimal long-term management of an accumulative but assimilatable pollutant through policies that restrict more damaging production processes and thereby induce more benign alternatives. Using a simple general equilibrium approach, we consider the possibility that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stock externalities; Nonconvexities; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; D62.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10748

Alternative Hedging Strategies in Maize Production to Cope with Climate Variability and Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuhrer,   Jurg; Beniston,   Martin; Calanca,   Pierluigi; Torriani,   Daniele Simone.
Climate change with increasing climate variability is likely to alter risks in agricultural production. The effectiveness of using weather derivatives to hedge against drought risks for rain-fed grain maize production was investigated for current (1981-2003) and future (2070- 2100) climates in Switzerland. The climate change scenario was extrapolated from results of a regional climate model (HIRHAM4) based on the IPCC A2 emission scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the mean and variance of the initial probability space for the seasonal precipitation sum. Profits and risks with and without hedging were compared using the analogy of the value-at-risk measure (VaR), i.e., a quantile-based measure of risk. A Monte Carlo chain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Climate risks; Drought; Maize production; Weather derivatives; Hedging; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9275

Natural Resource Dependence in Rural Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez-Feldman,   Alejandro; Taylor,   J. Edward; Yunez-Naude,   Antonio.
The relationship between poverty and natural resources is complex and the empirical evidence to date, mostly from studies of forest activities and poverty, is inconclusive.  The main purpose of this paper is to empirically identify the effects of household characteristics and of inequality at the village level on natural resource extraction and dependence. To do so we use data from the Mexico National Rural Household Survey (ENHRUM). Our results show that in rural Mexico natural resource extraction is predominantly an activity carried out by poor households. The same is true for dependence. We also show that there are important differences across Mexico in terms of both participation and dependence on resource income. These differences are most evident...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource extraction; Dependence; Poverty; Mexico; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61230

Economics and politics of water resources development: Uda Walawe Irrigation Project, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molle,   Francois; Renwick,   Mary E.
The Uda Walawe Irrigation and Resettlement Project (UWIRP) located in the Southern dry zone of Sri Lanka was initiated in the early 1950s. The original plan for the UWIRP was a highly ambitious social, economic and physical engineering project aimed at creating a modern, profitable agriculture sector. This report examines the history of water resources development and investment decisions for the UWIRP over a period of 50 years and uncovers underlying processes that shaped the evolution of the project and highlights the limitation of viewing development as a mere set of technical and social engineering endeavors.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resources development; Irrigation programs; History; River basins; Rehabilitation; Costs; Crop production; Domestic water; Water use; Reservoirs; Fisheries; Decision making; Cost benefit analysis; Cost recovery; Water requirements; Water demand; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44525

The Role of Stakeholders' Perceptions in Addressing Water Quality Disputes in an Embattled Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes; Rodriguez,   German.
Preliminary results of a survey of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders in the Lincoln Lake Watershed suggests discrepancies exists in different groups perceptions of water quality, the sources of water pollution, and the roles of local, county, state and federal officials in meeting water quality objectives.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53; Q59.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34808

Policy Analysis in a Second-Best World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Oates,   Wallace E.
This paper first describes the new literature in environmental economics on the socalled "double dividend" and then explores its implications for a broad range of economic issues. The basic finding in this literature is that in a second-best, general equilibrium setting, environmental measures raise costs and prices and thereby reduce the real wage. This rise in the cost of living reduces slightly the quantity of labor supplied in an already highly distorted labor market, giving rise to losses in social welfare that can be large relative to the basic welfare gains from improved environmental policy. These losses may be offset to some extent by using revenues (if any) from the environmental programs to reduce existing taxes on labor. This same line of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory policies; Welfare effects; Pre-existing taxes; General equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; H23; D52.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10687

CLIMATE POLICY WHEN THE DISTANT FUTURE MATTERS: CATASTROPHIC EVENTS WITH HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a signifcant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7181

Solving the Problem of Sustainable Use of Bt Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dun,   Zhe; Mitchell,   Paul D.
Transgenic plants producing insecticidal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely adopted since their commercial introduction in 1996. The widespread adoption of such plants has reduced use of conventional insecticides while attaining yield gains, thus providing economic, environmental and human health benefits. However, the benefits from Bt crops will be reduced or even eliminated if pests develop resistance to these toxins so that Bt crops are less or no longer effective. Although field resistance to Bt crops has not yet been found in the continental U.S., resistance to Bt sprays has been found in diamondback moth and greenhouse populations of cabbage looper. Hence, considerable attention has been devoted to developing management...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resistance; Bio-tech; Sustainable; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103581

Cost and Benefit Analysis of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Management Technology in Georgia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Ferrer,   Myra Clarisse R.; Riley,   David G.; Sparks,   Stormy; Langston,   David.
Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop in the United States after potatoes and potatoes products contributing 20 percent of total vegetable production.  More-so, tomato is equally ranked 2nd in the United States in terms of production value, generating $1.3 billion after head lettuce that contributed $1.4 billion in the same time period. In 2006, 422,000 acres of tomatoes were planted in the United States.  Tomato is equally an important economic crop in the state of Georgia.  In 2008, it ranked 14th in the Georgia vegetable acreage as 3,985 acres were planted.  It also ranked 6th in terms of farm gate value in the same time period generating $51.2 million.  Thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tomatoes production; Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV); Inputs; Fixed cost; Variable costs; Profitability; Cost and benefit.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56386

Australasian environmental economics: contributions, conflicts and ‘cop-outs’
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Australian and New Zealand environmental economists have played a significant role in the development of concepts and their application across three fields within their subdiscipline: non-market valuation, institutional economics and bioeconomic modelling. These contributions have been spurred on by debates within and outside the discipline. Much of the controversy has centred on the validity of valuations generated through the application of stated preference methods such as contingent valuation. Suggestions to overcome some shortcomings in the work of environmental economists include the commissioning of a sequence of non-market valuation studies to fill existing gaps to improve the potential for benefit transfer.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Institutional economics; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118501

Optimal Bioeconomic Management Strategies for Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mehta,   Shefali V.; Homans,   Frances R.; Haight,   Robert G.; Polasky,   Stephen.
Paper removed by author. Please see the current version, available online January 8, 2007: Mehta, S.V. et al. Optimal detection and control strategies for invasive species management. Ecological Economics (2007), doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.024
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19505

Colombia's Discharge Fee Program: Incentives for Polluters of Regulators?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Colombia's discharge fee system for water effluents is often held up as a model of a well-functioning, economic-incentive pollution control program in a developing country. Yet few objective, up-to-date evaluations of the program have appeared. Based on a variety of primary and secondary evaluative data, this paper finds that that the program has been beset by a number of serious problems including limited implementation in many regions, widespread noncompliance by municipal sewage authorities, and a confused relationship between discharge fees and discharge standards. Nevertheless, in several watersheds, pollution loads dropped significantly after the program was introduced. While proponents claim the incentives that discharge fees created for polluters...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economic incentive; Market based instrument; Discharge fees; Water pollution; Latin America; Colombia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10869

Turning over irrigation systems from the government of Indonesia to farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Government managed irrigation systems; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Governmental interrelations; Policy; Indonesia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53074

Population and Sustainability: Understanding Population, Environment, and Development Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clay,   Daniel C.; Reardon,   Thomas.
The triple challenge of rapid population growth, declining agricultural productivity, and natural resource degradation are not isolated from one another; they are intimately related. However, strategic planning and development programming tend to focus on individual sectors such as the environment, agriculture, and population; they do not explicitly take into account the compatibilities and inconsistencies among them. Farm households and their livelihood strategies are at the core of the intersectoral linkages approach advocated in this chapter. Three key aspects of the population-environment-development debate are discussed: first, the finding that inconsistencies between public and individual household behavior regarding childbearing and family planning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Rwanda; Population; Sustainability; Environment; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q56.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57055

The Future(s) of Pollution Control:  The Case of the Acid Rain Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McLemore,   Donna L.; Keeler,   Andrew G.; Turner,   Steven C.
This study examines the potential success of the futures contract in SO2 Emissions Allowances. Factors affecting the success of the futures contract are presented including the uncertainties of air pollution and public utility regulation, emission control technology, electricity demand, and electric utility needs for an allowance price discovery mechanism for long-range compliance planning under risk. If SO2 futures market is successful, there is some potential for expanding futures trading to other pollutants. Since SO2 is uniquely suited to a national market, duplication of SO2 futures for other pollutants may be difficult.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990; Electric utilities; Tradable permits; Emission Allowance (EA); Acid Rain Program (ARP); Futures contract; Sulfur dioxide (SO2); Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62358

Protecting the Environment in Transitional Situations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Discusses the possible relevance of the Kuznets environmental curve to centrally planned economies and compares their situation with that for market economies. Claims that Kuznets environmental curves apply to ‘normal’ situations and so give little guide to environmental impacts of economies in transition. Difficulties encountered in protecting the environment in transitional situations are given special consideration. The environmental experiences of Eastern and Central Europe, Russia and China are discussed. Their different methods of social and economic transformation and varied economic fortunes have had divergent environmental consequences in these countries. When negative economic growth has occurred in transition over a long period, as in Russia,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kuznets environmental curve; Centrally planned economies (CPEs); Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47953

INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bazzani,   Guido Maria.
The paper presents the first results of a long term research aimed at producing a decision support system to deal with the integrated solid waste management planning at regional level. In the last years urban waste management has received a strong attention from the public authority in Italy culminating in a new national law, which has priorities such as waste prevention (waste avoidance and reduction) reuse and recycling. Italian Legislation requires to consider not only a series of waste management options aimed at source reduction but also to integrate the environmental soundness with economical viability and social equity. To support this integrated solid waste management it is necessary to ascertain the environmental, economic and social impacts...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14492

Have Government Spending and Energy Tax Policies Contributed to make Europe Environmentally Cleaner?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Palacios,   Amparo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94795

Trade and Development When Exports Lack Diversification: A Case Study From Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Persaud,   Suresh Chand; Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager.
Developing countries, particularly those that depend heavily on a small number of agricultural exports, are vulnerable to domestic and international shocks. These countries often have difficulty achieving sustained economic growth. This analysis uses Malawi, a country that earns most of its foreign exchange from tobacco, as a case study of export concentration and heavy exposure to volatility. The econometric results suggest that the decline in Malawi’s gross domestic product (GDP) when tobacco exports are falling is almost three times greater than the increase in GDP when exports are rising. Model-based simulations indicate that variability in tobacco exports leads to slower economic growth because GDP falls by a relatively large amount in response to a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Tobacco; Export-led growth; Asymmetry; Volatility; Productivity; Trade; Development; Marketing efficiency; Price transmission; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55943

The Impact of Gasoline Prices on Internet Purchases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martens,   Andrea.
The proposition of a carbon tax has reinvigorated the discussion about the price elasticity of gasoline demand. This paper analyzes how consumers react to higher gas prices in a new setting, examining whether they choose Internet purchasing over in-store purchasing when gas prices increase. Prior studies of Internet purchases have focused mainly on local sales tax rates, traditional retail options, and prices. This is the first study to incorporate transportation costs directly, studying 155,000 households across the U.S. from 2008 through 2009. The impact of gas prices on individuals' transportation budget depends on the fuel efficiency of their vehicles, on the distance that they need to drive, and on the availability of alternate public transportation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon tax; Gasoline prices; Retail; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103601

Evaluation of current and future water resources development in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Alemayehu,   Tadesse; Shiferaw,   Abeyu; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele.
Lake Tana, located in the headwaters of the Blue Nile, is valuable for many people including the communities who live around the lakeshore and those who live immediately downstream. The area has been identified as a region for hydropower and irrigation development, vital for economic growth in Ethiopia. A multidisciplinary study was conducted to assess the possible impacts of this development. This study found that current development has benefited some local people but adversely affected others. Future development will exacerbate pressure on the lake. Hard choices must be made about how the water is best utilized. It is important that all stakeholders, including local people, are involved in the decision-making process.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Lakes; Weirs; Environmental flows; Water resources development; Models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94776

Kommunikationsbeziehungen der Amter fur Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung im Bereich der Agrarumweltprogramme - Fallstudie Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prager,   Katrin; Nagel,   Uwe Jens.
The administration and implementation of agri-environmental schemes is one of the tasks of Agricultural Agencies (Amter fur Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung).  These agencies thus play a major role for all farmers interested or participating in funding schemes.  Assuming that feeding information about preferences and needs of programme entrants into the agri-environmental decision-making process is essential for assuring acceptance and effectiveness of the prescribed measures, agricultural agencies are predestined to collect and supply relevant information.  Using the state of Sachsen-Anhalt as an example, the communication network between agencies, farmers, the Ministry, farmers' associations and agricultural extension workers is explored.  Hierarchical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Communication process; Agri-environmental schemes; Agri-environmental networks; Participation; Acceptance; Bottom-up approach; Inter-organisational communication; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18816

Investigations on the Impacts of China's Rural Water Policies: From Efficiency and Equity Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fang,   Lan.
China’s water resources are scarce. Given its limited water resource, policies in China have been traditionally focused on meeting sectoral demands for water by increasing the supply rather than managing demand. However, effective water resource policies that focus on demand management and encourage efficient water use remain the main weakness of China’s water policy. Main potential for efficiency gain is the agricultural sector, which accounts for 65 percent of the nation’s total water withdrawals. Due to major inefficiencies in irrigation water systems only about 45 percent of water withdrawals for agriculture are actually used by farmers to irrigate their crops. In addition to inefficiencies, the equity of the agricultural water policies is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water efficiency; Equity; China’s rural water management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103486

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels.  This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions.  We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent.  Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios.  At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon market; Climate change; Innovation; Mitigation; Policy costs; Offsets; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD); Technological change; Tropical deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q42; Q52; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52544

A New Psychological Approach to Dichotomous Choice CVM.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Darron M.
This paper considers an alternative approach dichotomous choice contingent valuation (DC), referred to as the dissonance minimising format (DM). This method seeks to reduce the extent of positive bias at the formulation stage of stated preference experiments known as “yea-saying”, in order to gain a more accurate measure of respondent WTP. Both the DC and DM methodologies are applied to the case study of minesite rehabilitation within Victoria, with particular reference to the abandonment of open pits following small-scale gold mining operations. The results presented here indicate that the DM model has considerable promise for reducing yea-saying within dichotomous choice CV. The results also indicate that the community welfare loss associated with...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123795

Companies and Regulators in Emissions Trading Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph.
Much has been written about the economic and environmental performance of U.S. emissions trading programs for "acid rain" (sulfur dioxide) and nitrogen oxides. Less explored have been the unique roles and interactions of environmental regulators and the companies they regulate. I first examine how these roles change the way that regulators and companies operate within their own organizations and with each other. Next, I use examples from U.S. trading programs to illustrate the design and administrative features that allow program administrators and industry to best fulfill their respective roles. Finally, I examine briefly whether these features are present in the EU Emissions Trading System and determine the implications for its effectiveness.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Climate change; Environmental management; Information technology; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10489

A new biosecurity investment decision framework to promote more efficient biosecurity policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Harley; Webster,   Stewart.
Australian governments spend millions of dollars each year on pre border, border and post border biosecurity programs. While the resourcing of some of these programs is determined by existing deeds of agreement, others, particularly in relation to environmental and social pests and diseases, fall outside of existing decision frameworks. This paper presents a new biosecurity investment decision framework based on economic principles that aims to produce more objectively determined decisions. It determines whether a role for government exists in relation to a specific problem through the application of market failure tests and then guides the user to the most efficient cost recovery mechanism. The framework is presently under active consideration for use by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Investment decision framework; Biosecurity policy; Market failure test; Cost recovery; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59161

CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES: CAN INCENTIVES WORK FOR PRIVATE LANDOWNERS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langpap,   Christian.
It has been argued that the traditional regulatory approach of the Endangered Species Act, based on land-use restrictions, has failed to protect endangered species on private land. In response, there has been a call for the use of incentives to complement this regulatory approach. This paper examines the potential of incentives programs to elicit conservation-oriented management choices from landowners. Data obtained from a survey of non-industrial private forest owners in Oregon and Washington is used to examine the effectiveness of various incentives. The results indicate that incentives, in particular compensation and assurances, can be effective in increasing the conservation effort provided by landowners. The results also suggest that conservation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Incentives; Regulation; Endangered Species Act; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q220; Q230; Q280; K320.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21972

Targeting Agricultural Drainage to Reduce Nitrogen Losses in a Minnesota Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrolia,   Daniel R.; Gowda,   Prasanna H.; Mulla,   David J.
Agricultural nitrogen losses are the major contributor to nitrogen loads in the Mississippi River, and consequently, to the existence of a hypoxic, or “dead”, zone in the Gulf of Mexico.  Focusing on two small agricultural watersheds in southeast Minnesota, simulation results from the Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Management (ADAPT) model were combined with a linear-optimization model to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of alternative land-use policies for reducing nitrogen losses.  Of particular importance was the study’s explicit focus on agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage, which has been identified as the major pathway for agricultural nitrogen losses in the upper Midwest, and the use of drainage-focused abatement policies....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13438

EPA Perspective: EPA National WQT Policy (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibler,   Ginny.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8089

ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E PRÁTICOS ASSOCIADOS À DECISÃO DE USO DE AGROTÓXICOS: UMA ABORDAGEM INTEGRADA ENTRE A AGRICULTURA, MEIO AMBIENTE E SAÚDE PÚBLICA.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soares,   Wagner Lopes; Porto,   Marcelo Firpo De Souza.
O objetivo desse artigo é discutir o que leva o agricultor a aplicar ou não os agrotóxicos, bem como ressaltar quais são os elementos que estão por traz dessa decisão. O presente trabalho abordará o problema a partir de uma análise integrada entre agricultura, meio ambiente e saúde pública, estabelecendo elementos que dão legitimidade à agricultura sustentável como geradora de benefícios sociais, ambientais e econômicos vis-à-vis as técnicas da agricultura convencional com uso intensivo de agrotóxicos e geradoras de externalidades negativas. Para tal, lançamos mão de alguns dados e artigos da literatura específica que ilustram os aspectos teóricos aqui levantados. Com intuito de corroborar esses aspectos teóricos, processamos os microdados da Pesquisa de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrotóxico; Intoxicação; Agricultura sustentável; Agricultura convencional; Pesticides; Poisoning; Sustainable agriculture; Conventional agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109672

Economic, Transportation, and Environmental Benefits of Living Snow Fences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   David J.; Current,   Dean; Taff,   Steven J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103955

THE ECONOMICS OF GREENING THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL ARTS FESTIVAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   Blaise.
The paper analyzes the broad history underpinning the concept of sustainable development and its context within the events industry and specifically with regards to the South African National Arts Festival. A pilot contingent valuation study conducted at the 2010 National Arts Festival determined that the average visitor was willing to pay an extra ZAR 2.30 (approximately US$ 0.30) per ticket for a recycling programme to be established to process the waste generated by the event. While the paper concluded that the theoretical basis of the study was sound, a larger sample size would have been preferred so as to enhance the model‘s predictive power
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Environmental externalities; Event greening; South African National Arts Festival; Sustainable development; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107587

How a National Carbon Policy Could Affect Grain Variety Selection:  The Case of Rice in Arkansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McFadden,   Brandon R.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.
This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of carbon emissions and estimates the carbon sequestered in 14 commonly sown rice varieties across the Arkansas Delta.  Given the uncertainty regarding future carbon legislation, and increased consumer and industry demand for “greener” products, this study estimates how potential carbon policies would affect rice cultivar selection Hybrid rice varieties, given their higher yield and higher yield per unit of green house gas (GHG) emission, are better positioned to take advantage of any increase in consumer demand for “greener” products and/or absorb any government policy better than conventional rice cultivars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Carbon Policy; Cap and Trade; Carbon Offset; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97827

TRADE AGREEMENTS, COMPETITION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: GRIDLOCK AT THE CROSSROADS: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pompelli,   Greg.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15419

Climate Policy in the United States and Japan: Prospects in 2005 and Beyond, Workshop Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Tamura,   Kentaro.
Resources for the Future and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies convened a one and one-half day workshop on domestic and international climate policy May 11-12, 2005, in Tokyo, Japan. The first day included 49 participants hearing presentations from 13 speakers and discussing domestic activities, economics, and politics. The second day included a smaller group of participants listening to a panel of four experts and discussing opportunities for future international climate regimes. Participants included government officials from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment; the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the U.S. Department of State; and the Massachusetts Department of Commonwealth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; United States; Japan; Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10657

Red, white and 'green': the cost of carbon in the global  wine trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colman,   Tyler; Paster,   Pablo.
Climate change is altering a wide range of human activities, including wine making. While wine may appear to be one of the most natural alcoholic beverages, it is not without carbon inputs and emissions, which contribute to the very change in climate that is altering both wine and wine making. In this paper, we use a carbon life cycle analysis to develop a model for quantifying carbon inputs in a bottle of wine. Current regulatory arrangements do not capture the carbon costs of wine effectively since most costs are externalized. We conclude with estimates of the cost of carbon under various regulatory regimes, which suggest how wine producers and consumers can reduce the carbon footprint of wine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wine market; Carbon footprint; Wine trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37318

Changing the Allocation Rules in the EU ETS: Impact on Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demailly,   Damien; Quirion,   Philippe.
We assess five proposals for the future of the EU greenhouse gas Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): pure grandfathering allocation of emission allowances (GF), output-based allocation (OB), auctioning (AU), auctioning with border adjustments (AU-BA), and finally output-based allocation in sectors exposed to international competition combined with auctioning in electricity generation (OB-AU). We look at the impact on production, trade, CO2 leakage and welfare. We use a partial equilibrium model of the EU 27 featuring three sectors covered by the EU ETS – cement, steel and electricity – plus the aluminium sector, which is indirectly impacted through a rise in electricity price. The leakage ratio, i.e. the increase in emissions abroad over the decrease in EU...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Allowance Allocation; Leakage; Spillover; Climate Policy; Kyoto Protocol; Border Adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46623

Accounting for Transaction Costs in Point/Nonpoint Water Quality Trading Programs in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; McCann,   Laura M.J.
Transaction costs are commonly identified as a major reason why so few point/nonpoint trades have occurred in water quality trading programs.  We examine the transaction costs to buyers and sellers in Pennsylvania's trading program, and compare them to baseline costs.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Water quality trading; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123509

Nitrate Pollution Control Policy and Its Impact on Farms' Performance: A Nonparametric Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Piot-Lepetit,   Isabelle; le Moing,   Monique.
The purpose of this paper is to develop models with an individual and a collective management of the European Nitrate directive. The objective is to compare productive efficiency of farms under the two regimes. First, we develop a model that explicitly integrate the individual constraint on organic manure spreading. The individual threshold is introduced as a productive right. Then, we develop a framework that allows for modelling exchange of productive rights among producers. The simulation of a management of the spreading constrainst on organic manure at the regional level give an estimate of the potential gains that can be realised by allowing a collective maagement of the European environmental regulation. Models are based on a nonparametric frontier...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Manure management; Pig farming; Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D21; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19458

Alternatív energiaforrások lakossági megítélésében bekövetkezett változások
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doman,   Szilvia; Fodor,   Monika; Tamus,   Antalne.
Jelen tanulmányban alapvető célkitűzésünk, hogy két primer kutatás eredményeinek tükrében bemutassuk, miként változott három év elteltével az alternatív energiaforrások megítélése a hazai lakosság körében. A 2006-ban és 2009-ben folytatott szóbeli megkérdezések eredményeit leíró statisztikák, két- és többváltozós összefüggés-vizsgálatok segítségével elemeztük. Összességében elmondható, hogy pozitív változás tanúi lehetünk: valamennyi energiaforrás esetében mind a tájékozottság, mind az ismeret, valamint a hozzáállás, vélekedés tekintetében kedvezőbb eredmények születtek 2009-ben 2006-hoz képest. Az alternatív energiaforrások la¬kossági megítéléséhez tervezett kommunikációs politikában – a pozitív változások ellenére is – a tájékoztatásra célszerű...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternatív energiaforrások; Lakossági vizsgálat; Primer kutatás; Alternative sources of energy; Study of citizens; Primary research; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99078

Can fishing tourism improve sustainability of fishing chain?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lai,   Maria Bonaria.
One environmental event verified during the last years in the Mediterranean sea is that the presence of tropical fishes is causing death of the original fauna. This has attracted the attention of not only the fishermen, but also that of the European Community and all of the associations (public and private) which work to preserve the environment. There are several initiatives to preserve the environment, and the “fermo biologico” is one of these. It tries to solve the Mediterranean fish’s depopulation problem, restricting the fishing in some period of the year. As known, the management of the biological resources is addressed to guarantee the environmental sustainability. This sustainability can be guaranteed by those who work in the fish sector, through...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fishing tourism; Sustainability; Customer satisfaction; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119153

SMALL-SCALE FARMS IN THE WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON: CAN THEY BENEFIT FROM CARBON TRADE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carpentier,   Chantal Line; Vosti,   Stephen A.; Witcover,   Julie.
Recently scientists have started to examine how land-uses and land-use technologies can help mitigate carbon emissions. The half million small-scale farmers inhabiting the Amazon frontier sequester large stocks of carbon in their forests and other land uses that they might be persuaded to maintain or even increase through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. On average, small-scale farmers in the Pedro Peixoto settlement project of Acre (Western Brazilian Amazon), had a stock of 10,067 tons of above- and below-ground carbon on their farms in 1994, 88 percent of which was stored in their forest reserves. The income and carbon mitigation effects of three types of carbon payments are analyzed in this paper: (1) above- or total-carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16090

THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE EMISSION CONTROL POLICIES IN THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hong Jin.
This study analyzes the ROG control costs of stationary sources in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The cost-effectiveness of market incentive approaches such as an uniform marketable permit system, localized marketable permit system and an ambient permit system as well as a traditional command-and-control approach are examined.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21799

“Open Markets” v. “Structured Bilateral Trades”: Results of Economic Modeling of Point-to-Point Source Water Quality Trading in the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Tianli; Sado,   Yukako; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Poe,   Gregory L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49509

Beyond the ‘Double Dividend’:  Modelling the impacts of deep cuts in Australian greenhouse gas emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatfield-Dodds,   Steve; Adams,   Philip D.
Australian economic modelling of policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has to date given little attention to (i) crafting policy scenarios that use emissions revenues to target significant existing tax distortions, (ii) quantifying the effects of policy on the price and affordability of energy products, and (iii) communicating policy impacts on living standards relative to current levels, as well as relative to future levels in the reference case. Building on modelling undertaken for the Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change -– which found that real consumption and income continue to grow strongly with emission reductions -– we find that smart tax reform could significantly reduce the economic impact of emissions reductions,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse policy; Double dividend; Equity; Adaptive governance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10381

A SUSTENTABILIDADE DA AGRICULTURA ORGÂNICA FAMILIAR DOS PRODUTORES ASSOCIADOS À APOI (ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS PRODUTORES ORGÂNICOS DA IBIAPABA-CE)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Ana Ferreira Dos Santos; Khan,   Ahmad Saeed; Lima,   Patricia Veronica Pinheiro Sales; Silva,   Lucia Maria Ramos.
A agricultura orgânica é uma atividade que visa promover a preservação do meio ambiente, respeitando a biodiversidade e as atividades biológicas do solo. Desta forma, esta atividade enfatiza o uso de práticas de manejo em oposição ao uso de agrotóxicos, assim fixando de modo mais definitivo o homem no campo. Acredita-se que esta atividade seja uma forma de produção ecologicamente sustentável, socialmente justa e economicamente viável em todas as escalas da produção. No Ceará a agricultura orgânica tem uma área plantada de 13.820 ha, espalhados em vários municípios, sendo a maior concentração na microrregião da Ibiapaba. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a sustentabilidade da agricultura orgânica familiar dos produtores associados à APOI...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura Orgânica; Agricultura Familiar; Agricultura Sustentável; Organic Agriculture; Family farminglture; Sustainable Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109802

Las principales aportaciones a la teoria de la regulacion medioambiental. Los ultimos cuarenta anos.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grau,   Montserrat Viladrich.
Resumen:  En este artículo analizo las principales aportaciones a la teoría de la regulación medioambiental desarrolladas durante los últimos cuarenta años.  Inicio este recorrido en los años sesenta con la presentación de las primeras contribuciones.  A continuación, abordo el estudio de la década de los setenta, donde me centro de manera preferente en la comparación de las propiedades de los sistemas basados en incentivos económicos  y de los basados en cantidades.  Seguidamente me adentro en los desarrollos que surgieron durante los ochenta, concentrando mi atención en el análisis de los sistemas de licencias negociables.  Por último,  analizo como en la década de los noventa la regulación medioambiental se orienta hacia la búsqueda de soluciones para...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; Q50.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28778

A Choice Modelling Survey of Community Attitudes to Improvements in Environmental Quality in NSW Catchments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
The survey was designed to estimate environmental values suitable for integration into MOSAIC, a bio-economic model for catchment and farm level planning. Local residents, as well as distant rural and distant urban communities, were surveyed in three NSW catchments (Lachlan, Namoi and Hawkesbury-Nepean) using choice modelling (CM). The survey aimed to find out respondents’ attitudes about, and preferences for, potential natural resource management (NRM) improvements. In total, 3,997 responses were collected from seven different locations in NSW. Fourteen split samples were established to allow for testing of incentive compatibility in CM, the impact of respondent location on values held, and scale effects.   This research report describes the development...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; Choice modelling; Survey; Questionnaire design; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94813

OWNERSHIP AND INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Hua; Jin,   Yanhong H.
This study explores the differences in pollution control performances of industrial enterprises with various ownerships in China - State owned (SOE), collectively or community owned (COE), privately owned (POE), foreign directly invested (FDI) companies as well as joint ventures. A survey was conducted of approximately 1000 industrial firms in three provinces in China, which collects the detailed firm-level information in the year of 1999. Personal interviews of enterprises managers were also conducted in these samples, and subjective information was collected. Analyses have been performed on the differences in receiving and reacting to environmental regulatory enforcement, community pressure, environmental services, and internal environmental management...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19671

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN SAVING THE RAIN FOREST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosti,   Stephen A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16356

Evaluating Economic and Environmental Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Applied in Missouri
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Verel W.
This study used a combination of methods to evaluate the value of Missouri's Department of Natural Resources (MODNR)conservation programs for the affected regional economies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44774

DESIGNING CONSERVATION PROGRAMS TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE  (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kling,   Catherine L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32797

Valuation of Trips to Second Homes in the Country: Do Environmental Attributes Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankia,   Tuija; Huhtala,   Anni.
Although spending time in a summer home is a popular leisure activity in many developed countries, little is known about the welfare impacts of such recreation in monetary terms. We use data from Finland to provide first estimates of the extent of the recreation benefits obtained from visits to second homes. Special emphasis is placed on how environmental attributes of second homes, such as the presence of algae, the availability of a beach, and electricity, influence the recreation value of visits. The impacts are valued through revealed preferences using the travel cost method. We estimate the recreation value to be about EUR 170 – 205 per trip if a summer home is electrified, if a beach is available and if algae do not prevent aquatic recreation. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114405

Climate Change and Individual Decision Making: An Examination of Knowledge, Risk Perception, Self-interest and Their Interplay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pongiglione,   Francesca.
In this essay, three separate yet interconnected components of pro-environmental decision making are considered: (a) knowledge, in the form of basic scientific understanding and procedural knowledge, (b) risk perception, as it relates to an individual’s direct experience of climate change and (c) self-interest, either monetary or status-driven. Drawing on a variety of sources in public policy, psychology, and economics, I examine the role of these concepts in inducing or discouraging pro-environmental behavior. Past researches have often overemphasized the weight of just one of those variables in the decision making. I argue, instead, that none of them alone is capable of bringing about the behavioral change required by the environmental crisis.  Evidence...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Individual Behavior; Climate-Change; Psychology; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; D03; D80; Q00.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119094

Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Capital and Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Investment; Asymmetric information; Rational expectations; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25071

The economic sustainability of cropping systems in Indian Punjab: A farmers' perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Sukhwinder; Park,   Julian R.; Litten-Brown,   Jennie.
Food for all continues to be a key issue, especially in the developing world where every fifth person is chronically undernourished. India, a fast growing developing country has also experienced serious food shortages for example in the mid 1960s. Punjab, a small northern Indian state has developed, particularly since the Green Revolution in the mid 1960s, to be a key agricultural area producing 13% of the food grains of India. Increased productivity brought economic benefits to farmers and led to the establishment of Wheat-Rice Cropping Pattern (WRCP) as the main agricultural system of Punjab which more recently has become reliant on underground water resources, agricultural machinery, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. More recently stagnating yields...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Cropping systems; Punjab; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116007

A COMPARISON OF NUTRIENT APPLICATION TRENDS ON LIVESTOCK FARMS IN CORN AND COTTON GROWING REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Christensen,   Lee A.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
Recent trends in livestock concentration suggest that there may be an increasing risk of water pollution from manure applications. These trends in livestock operations may be offsetting improvements in commercial fertilizer management that have the potential to reduce the risk of water pollution. This conclusion was derived by tracking excess nutrient trends between 1996 and 2002 and by examining measures of economic performance for livestock farms. First, a link was established between the expansion of AFOs (Animal Feeding Operations) and excess nutrients from commercial fertilizer and manure sources. Second, technical efficiency was measured in order to identify whether technical efficiency explains structural change and in order to see whether...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34764

Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: an Offset Program versus Other Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.
In this paper, we study the social efficiency of private carbon markets that include trading in agricultural soil carbon sequestration when there are significant co-benefits (positive environmental externalities) associated with the practices that sequester carbon. Likewise, we investigate the efficiency of government run conservation programs that are designed to promote a broad array of environmental attributes (both carbon sequestration and its co-benefits) for the supply of carbon. Finally, policy design and efficiency issues associated with the potential interplay between a private carbon market and a government conservation program are studied. Empirical analyses for an area that represents a significant potential source of carbon sequestration and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19177

Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaigne,   Carl; Riou,   Stephane; Thisse,   Jacques-Francois.
There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692

REDUCING POVERTY AND PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT: THE OVERLOOKED POTENTIAL OF LESS-FAVORED LANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Garrett,   James L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16377

TRADE IN DISSERVICES: ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13288

TRANSACTION COSTS AND AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT-SOURCE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Rodney B.W.; Tomasi,   Theodore D.
Mechanism design theory is used to develop the properties of optimal pollution control incentive schemes in the presence of adverse selection, moral hazard, and transaction costs. The model presented here shows (a) with no deadweight costs (transaction costs) , first-best allocations are always possible; (b) in the presence of transaction costs (caused by raising taxes), only second-best allocations are feasible; and (c) the conditions under which the optimal incentive scheme implementing second-best allocations will be a nonlinear tax, a standard(s), or a combination of both taxes and standard(s).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30768

Attribute processing in environmental choice analysis: implications for willingness to pay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny; Lorimer,   Victoria; Aravena,   Claudia; Hutchinson,   W. George.
Data from a discrete choice experiment is used to investigate the implications of failing to account for attribute processing strategies (APSs). The research was designed to elicit the economic benefits associated with landscape restoration activities that were intended to remediate environmental damage caused by illegal dumping activities. In this paper we accommodate APSs using an equality constrained latent class model. By retrieving the conditional class membership probabilities we recover estimates of the weights that each respondent assigned to each attribute, which we subsequently use ensure unnecessary weight is not allocated to attributes not attended to by respondents. Results from the analysis provide strong evidence that significant gains in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Attribute processing strategies; Environmental restoration; Equality constrained latent class model; Multinomial logit model; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91718

Sustainable Farm Development in the Republic of Korea in a Global Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   John Moo.
The Republic of Korea will need to alter many of its national economic and agricultural policies to meet the requirements of new global trading agreements. One farm structure that is being encouraged is sustainable farms that use less inorganic fertilizer and pesticide. The main reasons for reducing pesticide and chemical fertilizers on rice, vegetable, and fruit farms are environmental and nutritional: to improve the quality of agricultural products and to protect drinking water supplies for large cities, including Seoul. Other reasons are economic. Korea has to import more than 80% of its food and agricultural products, and the present shortage of foreign currency contributes to a rapidly increasing trend in farm debt on all types of farms: only 20.4% of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24296

From SO2 to Greenhouse Gases: Trends and Events Shaping Future Emissions Trading Programs in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph.
Cap-and-trade programs have become widely accepted for the control of conventional air pollution in the United States. However, there is still no political consensus to use these programs to address greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, in the wake of the success of the U.S. SO2 and NOx trading programs, private companies, state governments, and the European Union are developing new trading programs or other initiatives that may set precedents for a future national U.S. greenhouse gas trading scheme. This paper summarizes the literature on the "lessons learned" from the SO2 trading program for greenhouse gas trading, including lessons about the potential differences in design that may be necessary because of the different sources, science, mitigation options, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; European Union; U.S. states; Corporate environmentalism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10819

Journal Backmatter
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  Back Cover, JAAE Manuscript Submission Guidelines, Executive Officers, Membership and Subscription Information
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117942

Identification of stochastic processes for an estimated icewine temperature hedging variable
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cyr,   Don; Kusy,   Martin.
Weather derivatives are a relatively new form of financial security that can provide firms with the ability to hedge against the impact of weather related risks to their activities.  Participants in the energy industry have employed standardized weather contracts trading on organized exchanges since 1999 and the interest in non-standardized contracts for specialized weather related risks is growing at an increasing rate. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential use of weather derivatives to hedge against temperature related risks in Canadian ice wine production. Specifically we examine historical data for the Niagara region of the province of Ontario, Canada, the largest icewine producing region of the world, to determine an appropriate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine market; Weather derivatives; Weather hedging; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; G13; G32; Q14; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37298

A Paradox for Agro-Environmental Land Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Feng,   Hongli.
A regulator with a fixed budget to spend on securing environmental benefits from farmed land has to choose between how many acres to enroll and the extent of benefits to require of each enrolled acre. Here we consider, given heterogeneous land, what properties of the environmental benefit-to-cost ratio imply for the choice of optimal program as the available budget varies. Conditions are found such that a program of high benefits on few acres is preferred for any budget level. It is also possible that a program delivering low benefits per acre at low cost is preferred on each land type, and yet a high benefit program is optimal policy, a variant of Simpson’s paradox.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-to-cost ratio; Environmental policy; Land heterogeneity; Simpson’s paradox.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53934

Editors' Report - February 7, 2011
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Bosch,   Darrell J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113516

Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Marek,   Thomas H.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.
High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Irrigation; Natural gas; Wind energy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q20; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90680

On Self Selection in PES Schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Russell,   Noel P.; Sauer,   Johannes.
This paper investigates participation by farmers in the UK Environmental Stewardship Schemes and how decisions to join the scheme are related to land productivity levels on the one hand and ecological conservation on the other. In particular the paper will explore the extent to which the self selection of farmers onto the scheme influences likely scheme performance.  The first part of the paper analyses a theoretical model for the provision of ecological services where an uninformed government agency offers to contracts to well-informed farmers.  The results of this analysis indicate the extent to which self selection by farmers can impair the efficiency of PES schemes and point to specific strategies that might be used by a government agency to mitigate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment for Environmental Services; Self-Selection in PES Schemes; UK Environmental Stewardship Schemes; Beneficial Selection.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103697

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: THE CASE OF VERTICAL COORDINATION IN BROILERS AND HOGS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Laura L.; Zering,   Kelly D.
This paper examines the relationship between industrialized production in the pork and broiler industries and the natural environment.  Historical perspectives are presented regarding the movement toward increasingly concentrated and coordinated pork and broiler production units in the South.  The relationships between animal byproduct management and environmental quality, both at the farm level and within a geographic region, are addressed.  Using the North Carolina pork industry as a background, current regulations and potential policy implications to protect environmental quality are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11551

PREVENTION VERSUS TREATMENT UNDER PRECAUTIONARY REGULATION: A CASE STUDY OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Penn,   Tony M.
Policy discussions of agricultural pollution problems characterize prevention as more cost effective and precautionary than ex post treatment.  We derive conditions under which treatment alone is more cost effective in situations involving multiple sources of emissions, multiple sites affected, and a commonly used precautionary approach to uncertainty.  We also show that a greater degree of precaution can result in less reliance on prevention.  An empirical case study indicates that treatment alone is the most cost effective means of dealing with nitrate in most Maryland community water system wells.  The use of leaching prevention measures is restricted to the most intensive poultry producing areas.  The incremental cost of precaution is substantial.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28584

Exit Timing Decisions under Land Speculation and Resource Scarcity in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram; Tapsuwan,   Sorada.
This paper explores the concept of agricultural resilience in the context of climate change related water scarcity. Specifically, the impact of water scarcity on agricultural production is analyzed to derive the timing of exit decisions for farmers faced with the prospect of declining profitability in agriculture but increasing benefits from land rezoning in future. The prospects of land rezoning are modeled as a poison process which may or may not be influenced by farmer’s water abstraction decisions. Selling out of agriculture before land rezoning has an impatience cost as the farmer does not gain the maximum speculative rewards. The analysis highlights the role of such speculative rewards in making farmers resilient to declining profitability in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural resilience; Exit timing; Water scarcity; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5998

The Organization of Local Solid Waste and Recycling Markets: Public and Private Provision of Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walls,   Margaret; MacAuley,   Molly K.; Anderson,   Soren T.
We study determinants of market organization of local public services by an empirical examination of one of the most visible municipal services, residential waste management. Using a multinomial logit model and data for 1,000 U.S. communities, we explore the effect of political influence, voter ideology, environmental constraints, production costs (i.e., "economies of density"), and contracting transaction costs on a community's choice of market arrangement for waste collection and recycling. We find that cost factors are a significant determinant of service delivery method. In contrast, few of the political variables are statistically significant. These results hold for our models of both waste and recycling, lending further evidence to the conclusion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market organization; Solid waste management; State and local government; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; H70.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10892

Verfahren zur Korrektur des Embedding-Effektes bei der Kontingenten Bewertung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyerhoff,   Jurgen.
The use of economic tools such as the benefit-cost analysis often requires determining non-market values of environmental goods. One of the appropriate measures to determine these values is the contingent valuation. As a stated preference technique it allows to measure non-use values as well as to value future states of the environment. However, the credibility of the contingent valuation is still under debate because people only state a hypothetical willingness to pay. One of the most debated elicitation effects of this method is the embedding effect. In this paper, two approaches to take account of that effect are presented. Both use follow-up questions in order to obtain self reports from respondents. Each approach was employed in one of two contingent...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation method; Embedding effect; Disembedding questions; Non-use values; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98081

Alocação dos custos de melhorias em bacias hidrográficas entre os usuários de água: uma aplicação do valor de Shapley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leite,   Gil Bracarense; Vieira,   Wilson da Cruz.
The objective of this work was to analyze the cost allocation of improvements in river basins among the water users. It was used, as example, the Paraíba do Sul river basin, located in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and, as criteria of allocation of costs, they were used the volumes of water extracted and consumed, and the quantity of pollutants deposited in the basin area by water users. The methodology used consists of the rule of allocation known as Shapley value, which belongs to the cooperative branch of game theory. In the case of Paraíba do Sul river basin, the values found indicated that the urban users should pay the higher part of the costs of improvements, given that these users are responsible for most of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Cost allocation; Shapley value; Paraíba do Sul river basin; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53385

ENVIRO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHORUS NONPOINT POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.; Olson,   Kent D.
The state of Minnesota seeks to reduce phosphorus loading to the Minnesota River by 40% from current levels.  The state agency charged with achieving this reduction has indicated each watershed should reduce its current phosphorus loading by 40%.  We hypothesized that policies targeting specific practices or regions would have a smaller negative impact on farm income than policies requiring every nonpoint polluter to reduce its contribution by 40%.  Using a stylized version of one major watershed in the river basin as an example, we analyzed the cost-effectiveness of various nonpoint pollution reduction policies.   We simulated current and alternative farming systems (designed to reduce phosphorus loading by changing tillage or fertilizer practices) in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20653

Missouri Watershed Water Quality Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Verel W.
Final Report for EPA Grant CG000225
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44778

HEALTH COSTS AND EXTERNALITIES OF PESTICIDE USE IN LOCUST AND GRASSHOPPER CONTROL IN THE SAHEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houndekon,   Victorin A.; De Groote,   Hugo.
To evaluate the economic cost of classical chemical control of locusts, externalities of chemical pesticides in the Sahel are estimated through a farmer survey.  The costs of human health, losses in domestic animals and of destroying obsolete pesticides are estimated at $4 per treated ha for chemical control.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20966

Eco-Labels for Credence Attributes: The Case of Shade-Grown Coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larson,   Bruce A.
Using the case of shade-grown coffee, this paper examines the market impacts of ‘eco-labels’ for credence attributes.  First, the Mattoo and Singh (1994) test is conducted for the case of shade-grown coffee to investigate the market impacts of a shade label. This analysis in Section II shows that a shade label could “pass” the test, but the market impacts are likely to be minor. Section II also shows how to use estimates of supply, potential demand, and price elasticities of demand and supply to predict eco-label premiums in the post-label equilibrium. And second, given the importance of consumer demands for eco-label impacts, and since the theoretical foundations of demand for eco-labeled items are not well developed in the literature, Section III takes a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25215

Climate change policy in a growing economy under catastrophic risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of catastrophic climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnifed by economic growth. In particular, it implies that green- house gases (GHG) emission should gradually be brought to a halt. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. We find that the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of feasible emissions. We derive the Pigouvian hazard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Environmental catastrophes; Economic growth; Emission policy; Hazard rate; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7132

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REFORM AND THE UNHOLY TRINITY: UNFUNDED MANDATES, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Infanger,   Craig L.
Major regulatory reform issues which involve environmental policy include issues of unfunded mandates, risk assessment, and property rights. Each of these proposed reforms involves major changes in environmental policies with impacts on different groups. Property rights is the core issue in Congress and state legislatures, with both regulatory takings and just compensation being the major parameters. Economists can participate effectively in this policy debate with successful research and education programs addressing the divisive issues.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulatory reform; Property rights; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15223

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Grain Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Ferguson,   Mark; Martin,   Bill; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.; Larue,   Bruno; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55300

Restructuring and the Cost of Reducing NOx Emissions in Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Burtraw,   Dallas; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
We look at the effects of restructuring on three issues: (a) economic surplus and environmental quality, (b) the cost of NOx control policies and who bears the costs, and (c) the cost-effectiveness of a seasonal and an annual NOx cap in the SIP Call region. We find that without the NOx cap, nationwide restructuring leads to higher NOx and carbon emissions from the electricity sector. Adding either a seasonal or an annual NOx cap-and-trade regime in the eastern United States mitigates the increase in NOx emissions but has a much smaller effect on carbon emissions. The out-of-pocket compliance cost associated with achieving a seasonal or an annual NOx cap is moderately higher with nationwide restructuring than without, but the changes in economic surplus are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Restructuring; Deregulation; Competition; Emissions trading; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Cost effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10549

Estimating Water Quality, Air Quality, and Soil Carbon Benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program
Provedor de dados: 31
This report estimates how field and buffer practices affect the amount of soil and nutrients leaving the field.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44777

Enriching Stakeholder participation through Environmental Valuation; Eliciting Preferences for a National Park Designation in Northern Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rowan,   Emma; Longo,   Alberto.
This paper provides the theoretical framework and describes the preliminary steps for combining collaborative planning and non-market valuation techniques to improve the decision making process and stakeholder involvement in land use decisions. Combining components of Collaborative Planning (CP) — a Planning theory seeking to achieve the highest level of consensus possible amongst all stakeholders — with non-market valuation techniques (Travel Cost Method and Contingent Behaviour) - widely used in environmental economics — this study attempts to elicit the preferences of the Northern Ireland population which could be affected by the proposed designation of a National Park. The CP elements of public participation are first used as an aid to design the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Travel cost; Contingent behaviour; Revealed preferences; Stated preferences; National park designation; Collaborative planning; Stakeholder involvement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51071

Efficiency of a Biofuel Subsidy Policy in the Presence of Environmental Externalities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayramoglu,   Basak.
The object of this paper is to analyze, in a general equilibrium setting with four markets, the efficiency of a biofuel subsidy policy. The analysis takes into account environmental externalities associated both with the production and the consumption of biofuels, as well as associated with the production of agricultural raw material. Our preliminary numerical results, applied to the biodiesel subsidy policy in France, first show that this policy increases the utility of the representative consumer compared to the laissez-faire solution. The same policy action leads, however, to an increased level of agricultural and GHG emissions, in comparison with the laissez-faire solution.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Subsidy; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44399

The Economic Value of Basin Protection to Improve the Quality and Reliability of Potable Water Supply: Some Evidence from Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zapata,   Samuel D.; Benavides,   Holger M.; Carpio,   Carlos E.; Willis,   David B.
This study estimates the willingness to pay (WTP) of Loja’s households to protect two micro-basins that supply over 40 percent of potable water to the city. Results indicate that households have an average WTP of $5.80 per month, which corresponds to a 25 percent increase in the self-reported monthly water bill, to preserve the basins.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Basin protection; Contingent valuation; Loja; Ecuador; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46773

Impact of United States Corn-based Ethanol Production on Land Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobowale,   Folakemi; Dicks,   Michael R.; Campiche,   Jody L.
The purpose of this research was to determine whether indirect land use occurs and if so to what extent.  Indirect land use is a change from non-cropland to cropland (e.g. deforestation) that may occur in response to increasing scarcity of cropland.  As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices in order to maintain the global food supply and demand balance, pristine lands are cleared and converted to new cropland to replace the crops for feed and food that were diverted elsewhere to biofuels production. We examine the impact of corn-based ethanol production in the United States on land use in other countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Energy; Biofuel; Pristine lands.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98854

Procedure to Identify and Assess Current Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zander,   Peter; Borkowski,   Nina; Hecker,   Martin; Uthes,   Sandra; Stokstad,   Grete; Rorstad,   Per Kr.; Bellocchi,   Gianni.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57938

An Information-Theoretic Approach to Modeling Binary Choices: Estimating Willingness to Pay for Recreation Site Attributes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henry-Osorio,   Miguel; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.
Information-Theoretic Econometrics
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Minimum power divergence; Cressie-Read statistics; Contingent valuation; Empirical likelihood; Discrete choice; Binary response models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C14; C25; Q51.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123432

The Choice of Management Practices: What Determines the Design of an Environmental Management System?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anton,   Wilma Rose Q.
This paper examines whether differential incentives exist in the adoption of environmental management practices (EMPs) with varying features that often make up the design of environmental management systems implemented by firms. Estimation of multivariate probit models reveals that greater consumer, regulatory and investor pressures are positively related to the adoption of EMPs that directly enhance a firm's green image. In addition, potential liability costs are positively associated with adopting broad-based EMPs while regulatory pressures are not generally found to have any significant relationship with environmental efforts that improve and address compliance issues. Results also reveal that competitive pressures arising from environmental efforts by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental management system; Environmental management practice; Environmental self-regulation; Voluntary adoption; Multivariate probit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; L5 –; L1 –; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19503

Too Litter, Too Late: Economic Logistics of Transporting Nutrient-Rich Poultry Litter Out of Nutrient-Saturated Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carreira,   Rita I.; Young,   Kenneth B.; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.
Export of excess litter from concentrated animal production regions has become a pressing issue.  A break even price for poultry litter in nutrient-deficient areas was identified through a math programming model using willingness to pay data from crop producers.  Results indicate that a $16 subsidy is needed to sustain a long-term poultry litter market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19383

Knowledge and Willingness to Pay for the Conservation of Wildlife Species: Experimental Results Evaluating Australian Tropical Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
The nature of an experiment involving 204 residents is outlined and the results are reported and analysed. Two consecutive surveys of the respondents provide data about their stated knowledge of 23 wildlife species present in tropical Australia, most of which exclusively occur there. In addition, these surveys provide data about the willingness of respondents to pay for the conservation of those species belonging to three taxa; reptiles, mammals, and birds. Thus it is possible to compare the respondents’ stated knowledge of the species with their willingness to pay for their conservation, and to draw relevant inferences from this. From the initial survey and these associations, interesting relationships can be observed between those variables (knowledge...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation policies; Knowledge and willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51293

Economic Potential of Biomass-Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuel combustion, thereby also reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. However, subsidies are needed to make agricultural biofuel production economically feasible. To explore the economic potential of biofuels in a greenhouse gas mitigation market, we incorporate data on production and biofuel processing for the designated energy crops—switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow—in a U.S. Agricultural Sector Model, along with data on traditional crop-livestock production and processing, and afforestation of cropland. Net emission coefficients on all included agricultural practices are estimated through crop growth simulation models or are taken from the literature. We simulate potential emission mitigation policies or markets...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Sector Model; Alternative energy; Biofuel economics; Biomass power plants; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Short rotation woody crops; Switchgrass; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18420

Do Community Characteristics Determine Environmental Outcomes? Evidence from the Toxics Release Inventory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arora,   Seema; Cason,   Timothy N.
This research uses neighborhood characteristics (at the zipcode level) to explain changes in toxic releases between 1990 and 1993. It combines the Toxics Release Inventory data with demographic data from the 1990 US Census. We first analyze the location of manufacturing facilities in a particular neighborhood using a sample selection model, and then attribute changes in the level of emissions between 1990 and 1993 to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the neighborhood in 1990. The results indicate that variables likely to affect the propensity for communities to engage in political action significantly influence environmental performance. Economic characteristics of neighborhoods (such as income levels and unemployment) also affect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q00.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10531

ISSUES IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Brian S.; Thorpe,   Sally.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22443

Resource Economics and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrison,   Stephen R.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Recently, a number of specialty areas have developed dealing with the economics of natural systems, resources and the environment. These include natural resource economics, environmental economics, ecological economics and bioeconomics. As well, new government departments, research institutes and tertiary courses have evolved in these areas. This paper examines the evolution and characteristics of the new areas of specialisation, and their relationship with the more traditional discipline of agricultural economics. Environmental economics is viewed as a wider interdisciplinary field than natural resource economics, and ecological economics or bioeconomics is depicted as a branch of natural resource economics dealing with living resources.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12319

Analise das externalidades negativas no meio ambiente e sustentabilidade na agropecuária
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ponciano,   Niraldo Jose; Souza,   Paulo Marcelo de; Mata,   Henrique Tome Da Costa.
Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos das externalidades negativas no meio ambiente, abordar o Teorema de Coase no que se refere ao problema de definição dos direitos de propriedade. Adicionalmente, o trabalho explica a teoria econômica da externalidade e ilustra com exemplos. Descreve o comportamento econômico da externalidade na produção agropecuária e mostra de que modo ela cria ineficiência de mercado. Posteriormente, são avaliadas algumas medidas compensatórias para corrigir essas ineficiências. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se em favor da preservação ambiental como requisito básico da manutenção do desenvolvimento agrícola sustentado. Infere-se que modernização da agricultura brasileira teve importância fundamental para o crescimento econômico do País, apesar...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalidades; Modernização agropecuária; Sustentabilidade; Preservação ambiental.                       Externalities; Modernization farming; Sustainability; Environmental preservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107855

Economic Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mortensen,   Timothy L.; Coon,   Randal C.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Ekstrom,   Brenda L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23177

Estimating the economic and environmental tradeoffs of altering grazing intensity for specific land types in the Fitzroy Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Star,   Megan; Donaghy,   Peter; Rolfe,   John.
The Fitzroy Basin is one of the largest catchment areas in Australia covering 143,000 km² and is the largest catchment for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon. Recent research has identified that poor water quality is having negative impacts on the GBR. Grazing beef cattle is the dominant land use in the Fitzroy Basin (90% by area) and has been identified as the major contributor of sediment (~%90) and organic nutrient loads to the GBR lagoon. A bioeconomic model has been developed which determines the cost ($/tonne of sediment) incurred by graziers in implementing strategies that increase ground cover and land condition. The results demonstrate the implications of land type, grazing pressure, tree basal area and enterprise operation on optimal grazing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59163

Mitigating Climate Change: Opportunities for Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinberg,   Marca; Horowitz,   John K.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122155

Assessing the Role of Microfinance in Fostering Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agrawala,   Shardul; Carraro,   Maelis.
Much of the current policy debate on adaptation to climate change has focussed on estimation of adaptation costs, ways to raise and to scale-up funding for adaptation, and the design of the international institutional architecture for adaptation financing. There is however little or no emphasis so far on actual delivery mechanisms to channel these resources at the sub-national level, particularly to target the poor who are also often the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It is in this context that microfinance merits a closer look. This paper offers the first empirical assessment of the linkages between microfinance supported activities and adaptation to climate change. Specifically, the lending portfolios of the 22 leading microfinance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Climate Change; Financing; Adaptation; Bangladesh; Nepal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q54; R51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92709

Estimating Full IM240 Emissions from Partial Test Results: Evidence from Arizona
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.
The expense and inconvenience of enhanced vehicle emissions testing using the full 240-second dynamometer test has led states to search for ways to shorten the test process. In fact, all states that currently use the IM240 allow some type of fast-pass, usually as early in the test as second 31, and Arizona allows vehicles to fast-fail after second 93. While these shorter tests save states millions of dollars in inspection lanes and driver costs, there is a loss in information since test results are no longer comparable across vehicles. This paper presents a methodology for estimating full 240 second results from partial-test results for three pollutants: HC, CO and NOx. Using random sample of vehicles in Arizona which received full 240 second tests, we use...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inspection and maintenance; Mobile source; Fast pass; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10734

Growing more rice with less water: Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems: Progress of research, 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003.
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop-based irrigation; Rice; Irrigation canals; Models; Groundwater; Aquifers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92411

AGUAS NO RURAL DO SEMIARIDO MINEIRO:UMA ANALISE DAS INICIATIVAS PARA REGULARIZAR O ABASTECIMENTO EM JANUARIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marzano Araujo,   Vanessa; Ribeiro,   Eduardo Magalhaes; Pereira Reis,   Ricardo.
This paper analyzes the governmental and non-governmental initiatives to regulate the water offer in the municipality of Januária, located in the Upper and Mid São Francisco River semi-arid region in Minas Gerais state – Brazil. The study is based on the evaluation of the historic trajectory of public policies in that region dealing with the conceptions of survival and efforts against drought. This proposal was based on a qualitative research, using documental analysis and interview maps that sought information regarding the initiatives identified in that municipality. The paper classifies those initiatives in styles, examining also how they manage with the partnerships, users participation, effectiveness, distribution criteria, financing, quality of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rio São Francisco; Recursos hídricos; Extensão rural; San Francisco River; Water resources; Rural extension; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102012

Introduction of Rural Ecological Environment and Circular Economy Development Mode of Eco-agriculture and Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Su,   Jianlan; Lin,   Shiwen; Liu,   Na.
Major causes of ecological environment situation and rural environment issues in the construction of new socialist countryside in China are analyzed. Two necessities of introducing circular economy development mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are expatiated. One is the needs of the rural eco-environmental situation, and the other is to realize the fundamental change of agricultural growth mode. Specific characteristics, existing foundation and current resistance of the circular economy of eco-agriculture and forestry are studied. Major principles in introducing circular economy mode of eco-agriculture and forestry into the construction of new socialist countryside are presented. Support system for...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological environment; Circular economy; Development; Introduction; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58485

Normative, systemic and procedural aspects: a review of indicator‐based sustainability assessments in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binder,   Claudia R.; Feola,   Giuseppe.
Several methods for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems have been developed. These methods do not fully: (i) take into account the multi‐functionality of agriculture; (ii) include multidimensionality; (iii) utilize and implement the assessment knowledge; and (iv) identify conflicting goals and trade‐offs. This paper reviews seven recently developed multidisciplinary indicator‐based assessment methods with respect to their contribution to these shortcomings. All approaches include (1) normative aspects such as goal setting, (2) systemic aspects such as a specification of scale of analysis, (3) a reproducible structure of the approach. The approaches can be categorized into three typologies. The top‐down farm assessments focus on field or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability assessment; Indicator; Agriculture; Sustainability solution space; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117651

The Bottom Line On Global Climate Change (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   Virginia.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47600

Does Social Capital Have a Role in Environmental Kuznets Curve? Spatial Panel Regression Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Zapata,   Hector O.; Schafer,   Mark J.; Marzoughi,   Hassan.
We advance a case for an inclusion of social capital in the environmental Kuznets curve analysis using highly disaggregated data on water pollution in Louisiana. A social capital index and other variables are used in parametric and spatial panel regression models to explain water pollution dynamics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Principal component analysis; Environmental Kuznets curve; Spatial regression; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19457

Why farmers continue to use pesticides despite environmental health and sustainability costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Use of chemical inputs such as pesticides have increased agricultural production and productivity.  However, negative externalities, too, have increased.  The externalities include damage to the environment, agricultural land, fisheries, fauna and flora.  Another major externality has been the unintentional destruction of beneficial predators of insects which has led to a virulence of many species of agricultural pests.  Mortality and morbidity among agricultural workers, especially in developing countries from exposure to pesticides, are also common.  The costs from these externalities are large and affect farmers’ returns.  However, despite these high costs, farmers continue to use pesticides and in increasing quantities.  In this paper, we examine this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pesticides; Agriculture; Environment; Human health; Sustainability; Hysteresis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48363

Economic Issues of Invasive Pests and Diseases and Food Safety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Edward A.; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Knapp,   J.L.
The problem of invasive pests and diseases has become more urgent and far more complex today than in the recent past. Increased trade and movement of people, and the opening up of new trade routes have increased opportunities for the spread of invasive species. In addition, mono-cropping systems of cultivation; globalization; increased resistance of pests to pesticides and food safety and environmental concerns have all contributed to the growing complexity of the problem on hand. The economic dimensions of the problem can be viewed from at least two perspectives. First, with regard to the spread and impact of invasive species, particularly how best to provide more comprehensive assessments of impacts of invasions, so as to improve the cost effectiveness...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures; SPS; Invasive species; WTO; Economic impact of invasive species; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15696

Economic Values without Prices: The Importance of Nonmarket Values and Valuation for Informing Public Policy Debates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93501

SHADOW PRICES OF SULFUR DIOXIDE ALLOWANCE IN PHASE I ELECTRIC UTILITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rezek,   Jon P.
The divergence of SO2 allowance price from initial estimates has spawned substantial interest since emission trading began.  This paper uses non-parametric DEA to calculate technical, output revenue and allocative efficiency measures of Phase I electric plants.  The allocative efficiency measure is then used to determine if allowance prices actually reflect opportunity costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sulfur Dioxide; Efficiency; Shadow prices; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21638

The Influence of Public Attitudes on Policies for Conserving Reptiles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
General factors are outlined that may influence the support of members of the public for the conservation of different species of reptiles. Survey results are then summarised of the variations in the likeability of different species of reptiles as well as whether or not their survival is supported by those surveyed. The relationship between these two factors is outlined and its consequences for the survival of reptile species compared to birds and mammals is specified, assuming a decision situation like that depicted by the Noah’s Ark problem. Furthermore, the extent to which the results support the similarity principle are considered. A substantial dichotomy in the likeability of different reptile species is observed: turtle species tend to be liked much...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Attitudes to survival of species; Biodiversity conservation; Conservation policies; Crocodiles; Dichotomy in the likeability of reptiles; Ecotourism; Phylogenetic similarity principle; Reptiles; Snakes; Turtles.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q2; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92771

Integrated management of water, forest and land resources in Nepal: Opportunities for improved livelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pant,   Dhruba; Thapa,   Sabita; Singh,   Ashok; Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Forest management; Public policy; Land use; Land tenure; Farm size; Environmental effects; Gender; Women; Equity; Institutions; Conflict; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92405

How Important is Technological Innovation in Protecting the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
Economists have speculated that the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces the future costs of environmental protection could be a lot more important than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains over time from correcting a pollution externality. If so, then a primary concern in the design of environmental policies should be the impact on induced innovation, and a potentially strong case could be made for additional instruments such as research subsidies. This paper examines the magnitude of the welfare gains from innovation relative to the discounted Pigouvian welfare gains, using a dynamic social planning model in which research and development (R&amp;D) augments a knowledge stock that reduces future pollution abatement costs. We find that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10883

Evaluacion de impactos ambientales derivados de estrategias de restauracion a traves de las decisiones de jurados de ciudadanos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvarez-Farizo,   Begona; Gil,   Jose Maria; Howard,   B.J.
En los últimos años hemos asistido a una serie de vertidos contaminantes que han afectado tanto a espacios naturales como a áreas urbanas, industriales y rurales. Para mitigar sus efectos se hace necesaria una gestión integrada de las áreas productivas y naturales. Sin embargo, para que esta gestión sea eficaz es necesario considerar no sólo los efectos de las posibles medidas sobre la salud o los efectos biofísicos sobre el ambiente sino también la respuesta de los individuos a estos cambios. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en la evaluación de los potenciales impactos, tanto ambientales como sociales, que se pueden derivar de las estrategias de restauración por vertidos. El enfoque adoptado se basa en la realización de un experimento de elección...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Q53; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28787

An Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Choice of Coastal Recreational Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Caffey,   Rex H.; Devkota,   Nirmala.
A visitor’s decision to use a particular recreational site is influenced by the individual’s taste as well as the characteristics of the site. For this reason, improved knowledge of the visitors’ interests and factors influencing their choices are vital for both planning and policy formulations in coastal development. This study examines visitor characteristics and desired site specific characteristics in order to determine the factors affecting use of the Louisiana coast for specific recreational purposes. We use a multinomial logit model and internet survey data to evaluate the factors affecting individuals’ decisions to visit coastal Louisiana for a specific use. Results suggest that the major variables affecting the choice of coastal recreational...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coastal recreation; Destination use preference; Multinomial logit; Environmental Economics and Policy; C35; Q26.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104616

A SURVEY OF ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION PROBLEMS ON U.S. DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.; Cummins,   David E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13350

INCENTIVE COMPATIBLE REFERENDA AND THE VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Laura O.
Recent attempts to test the validity of the contingent valuation method have relied on laboratory-type experiments.  In these experiments, willingness to pay responses in hypothetical choice experiments are compared with responses from choice experiments requiring actual payments.  Often evidence of hypothetical bias is found.  Critical for these experimental tests of hypothetical surveys is that the methodology used to elicit willingness to pay from subjects in the real-payment experiment be demand revealing.  If it is not, then differences in responses to hypothetical and real valuation questions could be due to free-riding in the real-payment survey and not due to hypothetical bias in the hypothetical survey.  This paper reports on experiments that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31521

A Safety Valve for Emissions Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.
This paper considers the optimal design of an emissions trading program that includes a safety valve tax that allows pollution sources to escape the emissions cap imposed by the aggregate supply of emissions permits. I demonstrate that an optimal hybrid emissions trading/emissions tax policy involves a permit supply that is strictly less than under a pure emissions trading scheme and a safety valve tax that exceeds the optimal pure emissions tax as long as expected marginal damage is an increasing function. While the expected level of emissions under a hybrid policy may be more or less than under pure emissions trading or a pure emissions tax, under the assumption that uncertainty about aggregate marginal abatement costs is symmetric the most likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Taxes; Emissions Trading; Uncertainty; Safety Valve; Hybrid Emissions Control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53125

Between Estimates of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
Acknowledgements: Elbert Dijkgraaf for providing the data used in their paper.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Sulfur; Environmental Kuznets curve; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; Q53; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94883

Integrating Small Scale Farmers into Bread Wheat Marketing Chain through Contract Farming in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Getaneh,   Wubalem; Bekabil,   Fufa.
The treatment effect censored regression model results of this study showed that educational level, value of agricultural equipment and number of oxen owned affected the participation decisions of the farmers in bread wheat contract farming significantly. The most important factors that determine gross margin obtained from bread wheat production were contract farming experience, the number of oxen owned and participation in contract farming. However, technical efficiency differences and management practices followed were not the reasons for differences in gross margin between the participant and non-participant farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming participation; Gross margin and Treatment effect model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52101

Evaluating the efficiency of a N-input tax under different policy scenarios at different scales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petsakos,   Athanasios; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
Nitrate pollution from agriculture is an important environmental problem, caused by the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. The internalization of this externality, via a tax on mineral nitrogen, could lead to a second best solution, reducing nitrate emissions. Several authors suggest that a reduction in agricultural support could produce similar results. In this paper we examine the effects of a nitrogen levy on nitrate pollution from agriculture in northern France under two different policy scenarios corresponding to (i) the Agenda 2000 and (ii) the Luxembourg reform of 2003, including the 2006 arrangement. The analysis aims at revealing what synergies or conflicts are created between a fertilizer levy and the policy scenarios, with respect to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop model; Mathematical programming; Nitrogen response curves; Nitrate pollution; Nitrogen tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109397

Three-City Air Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
This study analyzes the local regulatory and non-regulatory determinants of ambient air quality in Allegheny, Baltimore, and Cuyahoga Counties over the period 1972-1992. Mandated pollution control investments appear to have often had a statistically significant effect in reducing maximum concentrations of suspended particulates and tropospheric ozone in these areas. The effects of regulatory air quality controls, however, generally have been overshadowed by the impacts of non-regulatory factors. In general, local regulatory and nonregulatory factors failed to account for a majority of the variation in local air quality. This underscores the importance of regional or national factors in determining local air quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10641

Open-Cycle Hatcheries, Tourism and Conservation of Sea Turtles: Economic and Ecological Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Considers the role that tourism-based sea turtle-hatcheries can play in conserving populations of sea turtles by combining economic analysis of markets with ecological parameters. Background is provided on the nature and development of such hatcheries in developing countries, giving particular attention to Sri Lanka. The modelling provided helps with the assessment of the impacts of turtle hatcheries on the conservation of sea turtles and enables ecological consequences of tourism, based on such hatcheries, to be better appreciated than in the absence of such modelling. The results demonstrate that sea turtle hatcheries that operate for tourist purposes can make a positive contribution to sea turtle conservation, but this depends on the manner in which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecological economics; Nature conservation; Sea turtles; Ranching; Developing countries; Sri Lanka; Sea turtle hatcheries; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48959

Environmental Conservation and Food Security in Developing Countries: Bridging the Disconnect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajayi,   Olu Clifford; Matakala,   Patrick.
In many developing countries, environmental issues are often sacrificed for immediate food production requirements because of perceived tradeoff between two.  Some production systems exist however that offers opportunities for achieving the two seemingly divergent objectives because they have the characteristics to produce joint outputs; food production and environmental conservation, but their adoption in farming communities is socially sub-optimal despite proven technological success.  Using natural resource economics framework, this study highlights the reasons for the low adoption of such technologies taking Agroforestry technologies as a case study and, uses externality theory to provide environmental economic logic for developing incentives to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Agricultural Policy; Agricultural technology; Sustainability; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25636

From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90593

Notes on Biodiversity Conservation, The Rate of Interest and Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article shows that there is no regular relationship between the level of the rate of interest and the extent to which the conservation of biodiversity is favoured. Microeconomic examples are given in which a rise in the rate of interest adversely affects biodiversity conservation as well as other cases in which the opposite is the case. When these alternative possibilities are taken into account, they suggest that rises in the rate of interest (other things held constant) are more likely than not to aid biodiversity conservation. This is expected to be so when there considerable upfront costs are involved in economic strategies that bring about environmental changes so that in the initial periods the private net benefits from these changes are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55336

COMBINING ACTUAL AND CONTINGENT BEHAVIOR DATA TO MODEL FARMER ADOPTION OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooper,   Joseph C.
Using farmer responses to contingent valuation method (CVM) survey data in combination with actual market data from four watershed regions in the United States, this study estimates the minimum incentives payments a farmer would accept in order to adopt more environmentally friendly “"best management practices"” (BMPs). Combining actual market data with the CVM data adds information to the analysis, thereby most likely increasing the reliability of the results compared to analyzing the contingent behavior survey response data only. Given the decision to adopt, the article also presents a pooled model for the number of acres enrolled in the BMPs as a function of the incentive payments. Adoption rates predicted with the combination data model are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31003

The Relative Role of Land in Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.; Sohngen,   Brent; Avetisyan,   Misak.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/26/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Land use related emissions; Carbon forest sequestration; CGE; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49513

Factors influencing adoption of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kabwe,   Gillian; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
Agroforestry technologies have been extensively researched and introduced to smallholder farmers in Zambia for over two decades. Despite the research and extension effort over this period, not many farmers have adopted these technologies. The purpose of this paper is to determine why agroforestry technologies are not being taken up by examining factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on data obtained from 388 farming households, statistical analysis show an association between adoption of both improved fallows and biomass transfer technologies with knowledge of the technology, availability of seed, and having the appropriate skills. In addition some household characteristics are found to be linked to the incidence of adoption....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry adoption; Smallholder farmers; Limitations to adoption; Chi-square tests of independence analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97135

AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION BY SMALLHOLDERS IN THE WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FROM DEFORESTATION TO SUSTAINABLE LAND USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosti,   Stephen A.; Witcover,   Julie; Carpentier,   Chantal Line.
Despite the importance of tropical moist forests for conserving biodiversity and storing carbon, forests continue to fall, because the private benefits of clearing land for agriculture far outweigh tangible economic gains from retaining forests. This report measures the financial disparity between forested and cleared land for small-scale farmers in two settlements in the western Brazilian Amazon where pastures are expanding and forests receding. Considering smallholder land use decisions—when and how much to deforest and for what purpose—the report weighs the trade-offs and complementarities among three development objectives: economic growth through agriculture, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation. Drawing on field data collected in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16528

ADDITIVE VERSUS PROPORTIONAL PEST DAMAGE FUNCTIONS: WHY ECOLOGY MATTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.
Economic analyses of pests typically assume damage is either additively separable from pest free yield or proportional to it.  This paper describes the ecological assumptions required for additive and proportional damage functions to demonstrate that both specifications are reasonable.  Ecological research supports a proportional damage function for competitive pests such as weeds, while for insect pests the appropriate damage function depends on the level of pest free yield.  Theoretical analysis identifies differences between additive and proportional damage functions in terms of the impact of pest control on output variance and the concavity of output in the pest control input.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pest Economics; Damage Function; Damage Control; Risk Reducing Input; Increasing Returns; Functional Response; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20775

An Experimental Exploration of a Voluntary Mechanism to Reduce Nonpoint Source Water Pollution with a Background Threat of Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Vossler,   Christian A.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Schulze,   William D.; Segerson,   Kathleen.
In this paper we build on a voluntary mechanism introduced by Segerson and Wu (2006) that uses the threat of an ambient tax to induce nonpoint source polluters to reduce emissions.  In addition to reviewing Segerson and Wu's policy, we propose a new voluntary/threat policy that offers some theoretical advantages over that put forward by Segerson and Wu.  We then test various forms of voluntary/threat policies in the experimental economics laboratory and compare the outcomes to a policy that administers strictly a per unit ambient tax.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21416

A Benefit Transfer Approach to the Estimation of Agro-Ecosystems Services Benefits: A Case Study of Kern County, California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qenani-Petrela,   Eivis; Noel,   Jay E.; Mastin,   Thomas.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121605

TOWARD AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: APPLYING LESSONS FROM CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Arcenas,   Agustin.
Many business firms both in the U.S. and abroad are practicing corporate environmental management.  They are committed to improving the efficiency of material use, energy use and water use; to recycle; to make safer products and processes and to reduce their overall impact on the environment.  In pursuing corporate environmental management, some businesses have found that the presumed tradeoff between profits and environmental quality does not always apply.  Instead, by innovating and redesigning their products, processes, corporate culture, and organizational strategy, these firms have been able to improve environmental performance and add to profits.  These improved profits are sometimes referred to as "innovation offsets" because they result from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11807

Stabilization of Upland Agriculture under El Nino-Induced Climate Risk: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suwanabatr,   Bhibhatra; Mekhora,   Thamrong.
This study focused on the impacts on vulnerable areas in five provinces and five regions in Thailand. The findings indicated that events caused by El Nino induced weather changes had some impacts on the stabilization of upland agriculture in those vulnerable areas. Broadly speaking, severe drought and a long period of water shortages were experienced by some of the vulnerable areas in Northeast and Central Thailand. Some areas experienced a decrease of corn yield while others experienced complete failure of field corn, sorghum, sugarcane, peanut and mungbean. The impacts of El Nino on the social and economic conditions of Thailand's vulnerable areas were an occurrence of labour mobilization, and weaknesses in purchasing power and loan repayment abilities...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Upland areas; Environmental policies; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32670

Optimal livestock diet formulation with farm environmental compliance consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadrich,   Joleen C.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Harsh,   Stephen B.
The current method to derive livestock diets is to optimize cost performance subject to animal performance and resulting nutritional requirements via a linear programming model.  In contrast, we examine the livestock diet formulation problem as a multi-criteria decision model with the criteria being cost performance, feed efficiency, and environmental compliance costs.  We find that there are many situations where farm financial situations are improved by feeding products with higher costs per unit of protein but lower phosphorus levels.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19427

Effects of Low-cost Offsets on Energy Investment – New Perspectives on REDD –
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alexander; Fuss,   Sabine; Szolgayova,   Jana; Obersteiner,   Michael.
Tropical deforestation is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, but the Kyoto Protocol presently excludes avoiding these specific emissions to fulfill stabilization targets. Since the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 2007, where the need for policy incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was first officially recognized, the focus of this debate has shifted to issues of implementation and methodology. One question is how REDD would be financed, which could be solved by integrating REDD credits into existing carbon markets. However, concern has been voiced regarding the effects that the availability of cheap REDD credits might have on energy investments and the development of clean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real Options; Energy Investment; Cap-And-Trade; REDD; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50402

Do Farmers Value The Environment? Evidence from the Conservation Reserve Program Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vukina,   Tomislav; Levy,   Armando; Marra,   Michele C.
The paper uses data from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) auctions to elicit farmers' attitudes toward the environment by analyzing their bids. The CRP pays farmers to remove land from production and put it to a conservation use. An interesting aspect of these auctions is that winners are determined by a combination of low bids and environmental scores of individual plots. The results indicate that farmers condition their bids on the strength of their environmental scores and that they consistently value those environmental improvements which are concentrated locally such as reduced soil erosion, while they place less emphasis on those benefits which resemble public goods such as air quality and wildlife habitat.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; D44; D82; Q51; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25233

Analysis of Development of Investments in the Agricultural Sector of the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zidkova,   Dana; Rezbova,   Helena; Rosochatecka,   Eva.
The aim of this article is to analyse the investment activities realized in the agricultural sector of the Czech Republic during the period of 1998-2009. The study focuses on the development of the volume of investments in agriculture, their composition and economic efficiency. The analysis is based on data from the Aggregate Agricultural Account drawn up by the Czech Statistical Office (Český statistický úřad, ČSÚ). Investment activity is studied on the basis of such indicators as the gross fixed capital formation, net fixed capital formation, gross investment rate, requirements for investments. The impact of selected factors influencing the gross fixed capital formation and its composition is evaluated
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Investment activities; Agricultural sector; Gross fixed capital formation; Requirements for investments; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102492

Dairy productivity in the Waikato region, 1994-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cameron,   Michael P.; Bell,   Kendon.
The dairy industry is a major contributor to both the New Zealand economy as a whole and to the Waikato regional economy in particular. The industry is experiencing a period of considerable change, with increases in dairy conversion, increased intensification, and increasing use of nitrogen fertilisers, each of which has an associated environmental cost. In this paper the productivity performance of the mature dairy industry in the Waikato region is investigated, using panel data at the sub-regional level from 1994 to 2007. Overall we show that, under a range of specifications, productivity growth independent of increasing land use and herd numbers has been significantly below the four percent industry target. This suggests that, if the four percent goal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Dairy industry; Waikato.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97132

Improved livelihoods in lower Limpopo: Process documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Mirira,   R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Project planning; Project management; Participatory management; Community involvement; Irrigation schemes; Pumps; Dams; Canals; Mozambique; Lower Limpopo River Basin; Ndonga; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91808

RANGELAND ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, AND SUSTAINABILITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanaka,   John A.; Rimbey,   Neil R.; Torell,   L. Allen.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27992

The 1987 Revision of the NAAQS for Particulate Matter and the 1993 Decision Not to Revise the NAAQS for Ozone: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
This paper discusses EPA's acquisition and use of science in two decisions regarding National Ambient Air Quality Standards: the 1987 Revision of the NAAQS for Particulate Matter and the 1993 Decision Not to Revise the NAAQS for Ozone. In the first case, more than ten years before EPA proposed to revise the NAAQS for particulates, narrowly-scoped results of academic experiments suggesting that the agency should focus its regulatory efforts on smaller diameter suspended particulates penetrated deep into the agency, far removed from decision-makers in Washington. The particulates review was elaborate and protracted and was promoted and inhibited by multiple factors. Due to the lengthy review period, however, researchers involved in complex epidemiological...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10701

THE POTENTIAL FOR MARKETING PORK PRODUCTS WITH EMBEDDED ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES: RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Sean P.; Kliebenstein,   James B.
Environmental issues such as air and water quality related to livestock production currently receive much attention.  Potential methods for environmental improvement range from regulation to market solutions.  This study looks at consumer willingness to pay for pork products with embedded environmental attributes.  Experimental auctions showed that over one-half of the participants (62%) paid a premium, that did not vary significantly between differing regions of the United States.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q13; Q25.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21598

How much can be gained by optimizing nutrient abetment spatially – Cost – efficiency comparison of non – point arable loads from different Finnish watersheds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helin,   Janne; Tattari,   Sirkka.
Targeting has become the buzz word in the national agri-environmental policy reform in Finland. It is generally accepted that more environmental benefits could be reaped by implementing environmental protection measures where they have the biggest positive impact. However, considering one of the main environmental problems in Finland resulting from agriculture, eutrophication, the identification of first-best policy or even the biggest contributors among the diffuse nutrient sources remains as a considerable challenge. The model developed in this study aims to demonstrate how the agricultural nutrient load potential can be calculated in a way which supports the identifying of cost-efficient abatement policies. We use metamodeling of dynamic nutrient load...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient abatement; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Non-linear optimization; GIS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109381

Socioeconomic Factors and Water Quality in California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farzin,   Y. Hossein; Grogan,   Kelly A.
We investigate the relationships between water quality and socioeconomic factors in California at the county level for the years 1993 to 2006 using 24 water quality indicators coming from seven different types of water bodies. We estimate these relationships using three classes of models: the traditional per capita income-pollution level - Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) - specifications, a more inclusive model containing main socioeconomic variables such as agricultural intensity, land use, ethnic composition, population density and educational attainment, and a model that includes the socioeconomic variables while accounting for spatial correlations too. For most water quality indicators, we do not find support for EKC specifications. For pollutants...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water Quality Indicators; Socioeconomic Variables; EKC; Agriculture; Industry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; C23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115721

The Potential Cost to New Zealand Dairy Farmers from the Introduction of Nitrate-Based Stocking Rate Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neal,   Mark; Fulkerson,   William; Levy,   Gil; Wastney,   Meryl; Thorrold,   Bruce S.; Palliser,   Chris; Beukes,   Pierre; Folkers,   Chris.
Introducing a stocking rate restriction is one possible course of action for regulators to improve water quality where it is affected by nitrate pollution. To determine the impact of a stocking rate restriction on a range of New Zealand dairy farms, a whole-farm model was optimised with and without a maximum stocking rate of 2.5 cows per hectare. Three farm systems, which differ by their level of feed-related capital, were examined for the changes to the optimal stocking rate and optimal level of animal milk production genetics when utility was maximised. The whole-farm model was optimised through the use of an evolutionary algorithm called differential evolution. The introduction of a stocking rate restriction would have a very large impact on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Dairy farms; Whole-farm model; Evolutionary algorithm; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q52; C61.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25620

State of the ARMS - Crop Production Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ebel,   Robert M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Surveys; Production Practices; Government Surveys; Production Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61043

Definition of the CAPRI Core Modelling System and Interfaces with other Components of SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Britz,   Wolfgang; Perez Dominguez,   Ignacio; Zimmermann,   Andrea; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9284

Cross-Border Environmental Management and the Informal Sector: The Ciudad Juarez Brickmakers' Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Bannister,   Geoffrey J.
The considerable difficulties associated with cross-border environmental management are compounded when polluters are unlicensed micro-enterprises such as auto repair shops and traditional brick kilns; such "informal sector" firms are virtually impossible to regulate in the conventional manner. This paper describes an example of an innovative and promising approach to the problem: the Cd. Juarez Brickmakers' Project, a private-sector-led, binational initiative aimed at abating highly polluting emissions from Cd. Juarez's approximately 350 informal brick kilns. We draw three lessons from the Project's history. First, private-sector-led cross-border initiatives can work -- indeed they may be more effective than public sector initiatives -- but they require...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: US-Mexican border; Informal sector; Environment; Brickmaking; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O54; L61; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10600

Energy-Use, the Environment and Development: Observations with Reference to China and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.
None
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kuznets Curve; China; India; Energy use; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48953

Unravelling the Worldwide Pollution Haven Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grether,   Jean-Marie; Mathys,   Nicole A.; de Melo,   Jaime.
This paper tackles the “pollution haven” argument by estimating the pollution content of imports (PCI). The PCI is then decomposed into three components: (i) a “deep” component (i.e. traditional variables unrelated to the environmental debate); (ii) a factor endowment component and (iii) a “pollution haven” component reflecting the impact of differences in environmental policies. The estimation is carried out for 1987 for an extensive data set covering 10 pollutants, 48 countries and 79 ISIC 4-digit sectors. Decompositions based on cross-section econometric estimates suggest a significant pollution haven effect which increases the PCI of the North because of stricter environmental regulations in the North. At the same time, the factor endowment effect...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade and The Environment; Pollution Haven Effect; Factor Endowment Effect; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119097

SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE HUNGARIAN BIOFUEL PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakner,   Zoltan; Szabo-Burcsi,   Dora; Mago,   Laszlo.
The use of renewable materials in energy production is gaining in importance all over the world. The production of bioethanol and biodiesel is an important element of the agricultural strategy of numerous countries, even though the economic and environmental impact of these projects is subject to significant debates. Our paper analyses the welfare effects of the Hungarian bioethanol programme, as well as the economic feasibility of the projects. It can be demonstrated that the Hungarian bioethanol programme will cause a rather marginal increase in agricultural prices.  The cost of bioethanol production is estimated between 470 and 630 €/m3, influenced by numerous factors. This estimate is in line with the average European values. The possibilities for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Simulation; Return on investment; Welfare economics; Beruházás-gazdaságosság; Összehasonlító vizsgálat; Jóléti elemzés; Szimuláció.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99205

AN OPERATIONAL MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SOME THOUGHTS ON GETTING THE INCENTIVES FOR PUBLIC POLICY RIGHT; Proceedings of the  Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward; Archibald,   Sandra O.
As background for addressing agricultural policy and sustainable development issues, we address in this paper some general issues we believe it important to consider in developing a broad and consistent conceptual framework for the analysis of sustainability. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework for bringing sustainability issues into practical public policy formulation.  A "people first" view is proposed: one that assumes that the ultimate purpose of natural resources and the economic system is first the well-being of mankind.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14447

A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ANIMAL WELFARE, TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN SCOTLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Ashworth,   Cheryl J.; Stott,   Alistair W.
This research analyses the impacts of a scientific advance that improves animal welfare, upon the environment and trade in Scotland using partial equilibrium (PE) modelling. The science improves pig neonatal survival through improved (high fibre) sow diets used before mating. Our model simulates the effects of animal welfare changes on the pig production systems (pig meat) and further on trade flows (trade in pig meat) and environment (water and air pollution). We consider two animal welfare simulation scenarios, namely the status quo – no animal welfare change as regards pig neonatal mortality (baseline scenario) and the case of improving pig neonatal survival (alternative scenario) and compare the impacts on trade and environment between the two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pig Welfare; Trade; Environment; Scotland; Partial Equilibrium Model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q50.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44825

Strategic environmental policy under free trade with transboundary pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapan,   Harvey E.; Sikdar,   Shiva.
We analyze the effects of trade liberalization on environmental policies in a strategic setting when there is transboundary pollution. Trade liberalization can result in a race to the bottom in environmental taxes, which makes both countries worse. This is not due to the terms of trade motive, but rather the incentive, in a strategic setting, to reduce the incidence of transboundary pollution. With command and control policies (emission quotas), countries are unable to  influence foreign emissions by strategic choice of domestic policy; hence, there is no race to the bottom. However, with internationally tradable quotas, unless pollution is a pure global public bad, there is a race to the bottom in environmental policy. Under free trade, internationally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59160

The Relative Efficiency of Voluntary vs. Mandatory Environmental Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Conservation program administered by USDA have traditionally been voluntary, with USDDA providing technical and fiscal assistance to farmers.  This tradition is continued din the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996.  Under these programs, farmers commit themselves to adopting a land management practice and, in turn, the government provides technical and financial assistance. Our analysis suggest that these voluntary programs are more efficient than a program that mandates adoption if and only if the per acre social cost of government expenditure under these program is less than the largest per acre farmer loss under the mandatory approach plus the additional implementation and enforcement cost.  This necessary and sufficient condition is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18500

Enhancing the Contribution of Trade Liberalisation in Environmental Services to Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirkpatrick,   Colin; George,   Clive; Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
In the last decade, a fundamental phenomenon came to the fore in the business environment: more and more companies are offering total solutions to their customer instead of standardized products or services. Although this trend has already been studied extensively in literature, little has been said about the impact of this phenomenon on the supplier's channel management. This article develops propositions concerning the influence of a total solutions strategy on a company's channel management, rooted on an extensive literature review and case-based research in the Belgian industrial market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Total solutions; Channel management; Channel relationships; Relationship management; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30581

Adaptation to Climate Change: Land Use and Livestock Management Change in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mu,   Jianhong H.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/26/11
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Stocking Rate; Land Use; Livestock Management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98708

TRANSGENIC CROPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: MISSING MARKETS AND PUBLIC ROLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Ervin,   David E.
The rapidity of change has left scant opportunity for investigation of the consequences of biotechnology adoption on long-term ecosystem or economic system functioning. Economic theory suggests that, if the "Biotechnology Revolution" is left to market forces alone,there will be neglected public goods. Theory and limited empirical evidence suggests that there are significant incentives for private firms to discount and neglect certain environmental impacts and to develop products that meet only the needs of those able and willing to pay. Negative distributional impacts on rural societies and economies will not normally enter the private calculus nor will the long-term problems of insect and plant resistance. Thus, there is a strong case for enhanced public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11556

UNCERTAIN YIELDS IN SECTORAL WELFARE ANALYSIS: AN APPLICATION TO GLOBAL WARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; He,   Quifen; Kaylen,   Michael S.; Rosenthal,   Wesley; Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Nayda,   W.I.
Agriculture operates in an uncertain environment. Yields, prices, and resource usage can change dramatically from year to year. However, most analyses of the agricultural sector, at least those using mathematical programming methods, assume decision making is based on average yields, ignoring yield variability. This study examines how explicit consideration of stochastic yield outcomes influence a sector analysis. We develop a model that can be used for stochastic sector analysis. We extend the risk framework developed by Hazell and others to incorporate discrete yield outcomes as well as consumption activities dependent upon yield outcomes. An empirical application addresses a comparison between sector analysis with and without considerations of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector analysis; Global warming; Partial equilibrium models; Stochastic programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15257

Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests that the Environmental Kuznets Curve does not exist
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perman,   Roger; Stern,   David I.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis – an inverted U-shape relation between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita – has become one of the ‘stylised facts’ of environmental and resource economics. This is despite considerable criticism on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Cointegration analysis can be used to test the validity of such stylised facts when the data involved contain stochastic trends. In the present paper, we use cointegration analysis to test the EKC hypothesis using a panel dataset of sulfur emissions and GDP data for 74 countries over a span of 31 years. We find that the data is stochastically trending in the time-series dimension. Given this, and interpreting the EKC as a long run...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116988

Die regionale Agrarumweltpolitik in Deutschland unter dem Einfluss der Förderangebote der Europäischen Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Stratmann,   Ursula.
The article addresses the role the European Union plays in the agri-environmental policy and considers the co-financing of agri-environmental programmes in Germany. First, the development of measures taken under this policy is described from the 1980ies until the present Agenda 2000, taking especially into account the effects of financial promotion by the EU. In addition, a view on nature conservation and water protection reveals the sometimes conflicting interactions between agri-environmental measures and other areas and instruments of environmental policy. In a second part, three sections describe identified problems resulting from the influence of the EU: the effects on the choice and design of agri-environmental policy instruments in the Federal...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Reg. (EEC) 2078/92; Reg. (EC) 1257/99; Nature conservation; Water protection; Subsidiarity; Property rights; Income effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98258

Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of   A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731

Issues at the Forefront of Public Policy for Environmental Risk: Comments for the American Meteorological Society's Annual Policy Colloquium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
The lay of the policy land for addressing and managing environmental risk includes the hillock of the precautionary principle, the mountain of the practice and ethics of monetary valuation, and the tectonic plates of real-world innovations in markets and trading exchanges for nonmarketed environmental goods. This paper offers an overview of these contemporary and as yet unresolved issues and asks how each might be addressed in disparate environmental risks such as lightning, climate change, and severe weather. The overview focuses on issues that may be of interest to the American Meteorological Society's annual policy colloquium.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk; Environment; Public policy; Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q00; D89.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10494

Implementation of Ecologically Sustainable Development by Commonwealth Departments and Agencies
Provedor de dados: 31
The Productivity Commission was asked to report on the Implementation of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) by Commonwealth Departments and Agencies. The inquiry was to cover all Commonwealth departments and agencies with major responsibility for implementing EDS, or whose activities have significant consequence for its achievement. The terms of reference for the inquiry stated that 'the Government is keen to ensure Commonwealth departments and agencies show leadership in the processes by which economic, social and environmental goals are integrated'. The Commission has been requested to make recommendations designed to further implement the objectives and principles of the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development. The Commission...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31894

FINANCING ASPECTS OF INVESTMENTS FOR POLLUTION ABATEMENT ON MICHIGAN DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Timothy G.
In recent years the condition of our physical environment has become an area of increasing public concern.  This concern has manifested itself in the form of legislated rules, formulated and administered by public agencies at the local, state, and federal levels, designed to control the use and degradation of the environment in a manner consistent with societal goals and objectives.  Of the forms of environmental degradation pollution of the air and waters has received particular attention. Agriculture has a number of sources or potential sources of pollution.  These include: (1)  human wastes from the farm (human) population; (2) crop residues; (3) food processing wastes; (4) dead animals; (5) agricultural chemical residues; and (6) animal wastes....
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11129

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF LUMBER FUTURES PRICE MOVEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rucker,   Randal R.; Thurman,   Walter N.; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Recent lumber price volatility has been attributed to Spotted Owl Litigation and U.S.-Canada trade disputes. We use intervention analysis to explain daily lumber futures price volatility based on these events and other factors. The way information enters the market is shown to affect the speed and extent of market reaction.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Lumber; Futures prices; Event analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21706

Upstream Pollution, Downstream Waste Disposal, and the Design of Comprehensive Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walls,   Margaret; Palmer,   Karen L.
Many environmentalists and policymakers are shifting their focus from media-specific pollution problems to product-specific, life-cycle environmental problems. In this paper, we develop a model of production and consumption that incorporates life-cycle environmental externalities-specifically, an upstream manufacturing byproduct, air or water pollution from manufacturing, and downstream solid waste disposal. We then use the model to derive optimal government policies to address all three externalities. We assume throughout that a Pigovian tax on waste disposal is precluded because of the potential for illegal dumping. We then examine four cases: one in which Pigovian taxes on the upstream externalities are feasible, one in which such taxes are infeasible,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Life-cycle externalities; Solid waste; Deposit-refund; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10837

Market Power and Output-Based Refunding of Environmental Policy Revenues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Output-based refunding of environmental policy revenues combines a tax on emissions with a subsidy to output. With imperfect competition, subsidies can discourage output underprovision. However, when market shares are significant, endogenous refunding suffers compared to a fixed subsidy. Refunding the emissions tax according to market share reduces the incentive to abate, and marginal abatement costs will not be equalized if market shares differ. In a Cournot duopoly, endogenous refunding leads to higher output, emissions, and possibly costs compared to a fixed rebate program. These results hold whether emission rates are determined simultaneously or strategically in a two-stage model.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions tax; Earmarking; Tradable performance standards; Imperfect competition; Cournot; Duopoly; Refunding; Subsidy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; H23; Q2.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10893

Preço de reserva e "caronas" para o bem público: área de proteção ambiental (APA) São José - MG
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cirino,   Jader Fernandes; Goncalves,   Rosiane M. Lima; Lirio,   Viviani Silva; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de.
Despite the importance of its ecosystem and being an environmental preservation area, the São José Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in the State of Minas Gerais has shown deterioration in recent years. Because of this, public policy becomes relevant to São José EPA´s  conservation. Given to the difficulty of obtaining the true current benefits of those policies, the present article aimed at: a)  to estimating benefit´s public policy obtaining of medium reservation's price, starting from the contingent valuation; e b) to analyzing the "free riders" in the demand for the improvement and preservation of EPA. It was possible to notice the "free riders's" existence, because people that enjoy the benefits of EPA are not willing to contribute for its...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Public goods; São José EPA; “Free Rider" problem; Reservation price; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102085

Multifunctional agricultural policy, reduced domestic support and liberalized trade: An empirical assessment for Taiwanese rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Rice; Groundwater; Recharge; Taiwan; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91820

SUSTAINABILITY WITH UNBALANCED GROWTH: THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Anriquez,   Gustavo; Gulati,   Sumeet.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15839

WHAT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSIONER SAID: THE FEDERAL REPORT CARD ON AGRICULTURE IN ONTARIO AND QUEBEC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mussell,   Al; Brethour,   Cher; Martin,   Larry J.
On October 2nd, 2001 the federal environment commissioner released her annual report.  In it, she offered an assessment of the environmental impact of agriculture in the Great Lakes basin and the federal government's role. Specifically, the environment commissioner addressed: * Manure and fertilizer management * Soil erosion * Environmental impact of farm programs * Federal role in sustainable agriculture.  Based on environmental audits and other analyses, the commissioner presented the following conclusions: * There is a problem with the accumulation of soil nutrients as a result of manure and chemical fertilizer applications in the Great Lakes basin * Soil erosion is a continuing problem that is not receiving adequate attention or data collection *...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18127

National Conference on Irrigation for Food Security Voluume 1; Proceedings on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, EMICH, Colombo, June 9-11, 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Climate change; River basins; Water shortage; Irrigated farming; Water quality; Tanks; Aquatic plants; Rice; Food insecurity; Water resource management; Zero tillage; Weed control; Agroforestry; Canals; Surface runoff; Remote sensing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118419

Impact of EPA's Voluntary 33/50 Program on Pollution Prevention Adoption and Toxic Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bi,   Xiang; Khanna,   Madhu.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/25/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: 33/50 program; Toxic release inventory; Releases; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; Q53; L60.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6258

Watching Corn Grow: A Hedonic Study of the Iowa Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Secchi,   Silvia.
Landscape amenities can be scarce in places with large areas of open space. Intensely farmed areas with high levels of monocropping and livestock production are akin to developed open space areas and do not provide many services in terms of landscape amenities. Open space in the form of farmland is plentiful, but parks and their services are in short supply. This issue is of particular importance for public policy because it is closely linked to the impact of externalities caused by agricultural activities and to the indirect effects of land use dynamics. This study looks at the impact of landscape amenities on rural residential property values in five counties in North Central Iowa using a hedonic pricing model based on geographic information systems. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Hedonic analysis; Land use; Spatial externalities; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9372

Adverse Selection in Conservation Auctions: Theoretical and Experimental Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arnold,   Michael; Duke,   Joshua M.; Messer,   Kent D.
This paper evaluates land preservation and conservation programs by examining the performance of a discriminative auction that is often used to select parcels in the U.S. The paper hypothesizes that the auction is unlikely to be cost effective because an information asymmetry introduces adverse selection. Experiments are used to examine the extent of adverse selection and compare it to a baseline where no programs exist. Then, we examine the ability of two mechanisms to correct the incentive problem. The results show that adverse selection is likely to exist in conservation auctions (achieving just 60.7% of total possible social efficiency in the experiments) and that a mechanism can sort types so as to improve cost effectiveness with respect to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61516

Willingness to pay for recycling food waste in the Brisbane Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Robert; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Kerbside recycling in Australia has focused on paper, cardboard, plastics and bottles and in some areas green waste. Another area for potential kerbside recycling is organic waste. This study uses a dichotomous choice contingent valuation format with follow-up open-ended willingness to pay question to estimate the household willingness to pay for the introduction of a kerbside recycling scheme for kitchen waste. Two provision rules were used. The first sample split contained a majority decision rule while the second sample split contained a provision rule where participation is voluntary. Households across the Brisbane statistical sub-division currently pay in the order of $250 per annum for their kerbside waste collection scheme. This study indicates that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107804

CONSOLIDATION, DELIMITATION AND STALEMATE. Disruptive Interplay and Strategic Incentives in the CBD-TRIPS Relationship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jungcurt,   Stefan; Meyer,   Thomas.
The relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is characterized by a persistent potential for disruptions in implementation, such as 'biopiracy' conflicts, because of the agreements' incompatible provisions on property rights over genetic resources. The lack of consolidation is often explained by attempts to strategicallly exploit interplay between the two istitutions. Countries of the North and the South are said to push for provisions under their preferred agreement in order to circumvent obligations under the other. We develop an alternative explanation based on a conception of international negotiators acting as agents of particular interest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18843

Valuing Rural Recreation Amenities: Hedonic Prices for Vacation Rental Houses at Deep Creek Lake, Maryland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Jon P.
Hedonic prices are estimated for summer and winter rentals for vacation houses located near a lake and ski-golf resort in rural western Maryland. Regressions for weekly rents are conditioned on house size, quality, and recreation features including lakefront proximity and ski-slope access. Percentage effects and marginal implicit prices indicate that access to recreation is reflected importantly in rental offers. Evaluated at the means, lakefront locations command a premium of $1,100–1,200 per week, and the premium for ski-slope access is $500–600 per week. Unit recreation values are about $18 per person per day for a lakefront location with a private dock and $7 per person per day for a ski-slope location. There are small differences in the unit values...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Recreation demand; Environmental valuation; Hedonic prices; Spatial models; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95645

SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: POETRY, POLICY AND SCIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13601

Recent Developments in the Rwandan Agriculture: The Challenges of Attaining Food Security and Abolishing Absolute Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jose,   Ariyappillil Mathai.
The paper intends to take stock of the situation in the agricultural sector of Rwanda. The main purpose is to identify the gaps in the efforts so far; and subsequently to consider new policy interventions that are needed to achieve the goal of eliminating the ‘Fear of Want’. The sector’s performance is crucial in achieving the MDGs in the country. Noteworthy is that the largest part of Rwandan population agriculture is a livelihood and for the policy makers the sector is continuing to be a development problem. This paper analyzes the links between agriculture, food security and poverty reduction in Rwanda based on available secondary data. It is done in light of two important happenings in the country development scenario after the completion of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52131

Valuing the Protection of Victorian Forests: Murray River Red Gums, and East Gippsland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Dumsday,   Robert G.
The Victorian Environmental Assessment Council, in developing recommendations for the Victorian Government on the future management of public lands forests along he Murray River, and in East Gippsland, commissioned an analysis of environmental protections values. This paper reports the results of a choice modeling application that provides that analysis. Values for improved environmental conditions, as described by attributes relating to the forest composition, its wildlife characteristics and recreational opportunities, were estimated for sub-samples of households in Melbourne and in various regions around Victoria. The usefulness of the results as inputs to benefit cost analyses of policy alternatives is assessed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forests; Victoria; Choice modeling; Benefit cost analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10366

Applying Optimization to the Conservation Project Selection Process: A Case Study of Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zhuo; Messer,   Kent D.; Korch,   Mary A.; Bounds,   Thomas.
This study presents a thorough discussion of the efficiency and effectiveness improvement from optimization models (Binary Linear Programming and Goal Programming), as applied to the Department of Defense’s Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative. The OM models can yield 21% and 19.1% higher benefit scores respectively, spending $13,013,473 and $31,463,473 less total acquisition costs. To achieve the same level of conservation benefits for the current rank based approach, the REPI would spend additional $20.1 million and approximate 50% of the budget. A counterpart of OM- the cost-effective analysis is observed to be inefficient when the problem becomes complex. In a real world of political environment of the conservation programs, we suggest a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103997

Three Reductions, Three Gains (3R3G) Technology in South Vietnam: Searching for Evidence of Economic Impact
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huelgas,   Zenaida M.; Templeton,   Deborah J.; Castanar,   Pamela.
The aim of the “Three Reductions, Three Gains” (3R3G) project is to reduce production costs, improve farmers’ health, and protect the environment in irrigated rice production in Vietnam through the reduced use of seeds, nitrogen fertilizer, and pesticides. It was developed by the International Rice Research Institute and introduced to farmers in South Vietnam by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in early 2000 through traditional extension work and mass media. Farm survey data provide evidence of adoption of 3R3G primarily in terms of lowering seed rates. The resultant changes in the farm production/cost structure and farmer profits are measured.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information-intensive technology; Technology transfer; Farm-level impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6014

Valuation of Carbon Forestry and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme: A Real Options Approach Using the Binomial Tree Method
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tee,   James; Scarpa,   Riccardo; Marsh,   Dan; Guthrie,   Graeme.
Under the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, new forests planted on/after 1st January 1990 can earn carbon credits. These credits have to be repaid upon forest harvest. This paper analyses the effects of this carbon scheme on the valuation of bareland, on which radiata pine is to be planted. NPV/LEV and Real Options methods are employed, assuming stochastic timber and carbon prices. Valuation increases significantly and rotation age is likely to be lengthened. We include a scenario analysis of potential implications of rotation age lengthening on carbon stock management in New Zealand.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS); Climate change policy; Kyoto Protocol; Real options; Carbon forestry; Tradable permit; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q23; Q28; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123665

Estimating and projecting flows of greenhouse gases for New Zealand agriculture and planted forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   Darran; Rivas Palma,   Rosa Maria.
New Zealand is atypical among the Annex I parties within the Kyoto Protocol with agriculture forming a large part of greenhouse gas emissions and planted forests sequestering large amounts of carbon. This presentation will summarise the methods and data used to estimate flows of greenhouse gases within agriculture and planted forests in New Zealand’s National Inventory Report submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change last April. 2009 projections for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012) will also be presented and discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Planted forests; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97159

Modelling Livestock Component in FSSIM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thorne,   Peter J.; Hengsdijk,   Huib; Janssen,   Sander J.C.; Louhichi,   Kamel; van Keulen,   Herman; Thornton,   Philip K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57788

Utility-scale Wind Power: Impacts of Increased Penetration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitt,   Lawrence; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Love,   Murray; Djilali,   Ned.
Intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, run-of-river hydro, tidal streams and wave fluxes present interesting challenges when exploited in the production of electricity, which is then integrated into existing and future grids. We focus on wind energy systems because they have an emerging presence, with new installed capacity approaching 8 GW annually. We survey many studies and compile estimates of regulation, load following and unit commitment impacts on utility generating assets with increasing wind penetration. Reliability (system reserve), observed capacity factors and the effective capacity (ability to displace existing generation assets) of wind energy systems are discussed. A simple energy balance model and some results from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37009

Activity level, emission intensity, and optimal GHG abatement policy: An application to Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
Despite the failure of the U.N. Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009 efforts are continuing to reach agreement on binding global commitments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, efforts are still underway to conclude the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both of these agreements could have a significant impact on the level of activity in agriculture and the GHG emissions that it generates. In this paper we explore strategies to comply with both trade liberalization and GHG emission reduction commitments. We examine the implications of trade liberalization and a carbon tax, both of which affect agricultural output, as means of achieving emission reductions. We emphasize two diametrically...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108780

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY REFORM: A TAXONOMY OF ECONOMISTS' PERSPECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Stephenson,   Kurt.
As the environmental policy recommendations of economists become more acceptable, differences in the professional understanding of, and support for, different policy forms are becoming more apparent. These different approaches to environmental policy and research are described around a taxonomy of four perspectives: "rational analysts," "cost analysts", "market managers," and "free market environmentalists." These perspectives are compared and contrasted. Recognition of these differences can result in a better appreciation of the different research agendas of economists and can improve clarity in teaching and policy advising.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Environmental policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15225

The Effect of Climate Change over Agricultural Factor Productivity: Some Econometric Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.; Villavicencio,   Xavier; Wu,   Ximing.
This paper examines the role that climate change might be playing in the declining returns to agricultural research. For this purpose, we estimate a cross-section time-series model of agricultural total factor productivity for the U.S. states over the period 1970–1999, with the inclusion of climatic variables, and controlling for non stationarity of the data. Our findings suggest that after controlling for climatic variables and non stationarity, the effect of Public Agricultural Research Capital over Total Factor Productivity is reduced.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Factor Productivity; Returns to Research; Panel Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; O13; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49452

Paying for Avoided Deforestation - Should We Do It?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94502

Protection of Environment and Biodiversity for Sustainable Future of Rural Areas: The Case of Planned Regional Park of Trnovski Gozd, Slovenia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Udovc,   Andrej; Barbic,   Ana.
The first part of the paper examines Slovenian agricultural and environmental policy related to nature protection and sustainable rural development in the period of the country's transition. This period has been characterised by creation a new independent state, introduction of a multi-party democratic political system, transformation of planned-market economy to market economy as well as by the coming accession to the EU. The analysis of relevant laws reveals that environment and nature protection legislation is more advanced and more effective in practice than agricultural and forestry legislation, both, however, displaying a top-down approach. In the second part of the paper, empirical studies are made  into  the  impact of the different laws on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18886

Environmental Indices for the Chinese Grain Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Ming; Karp,   Larry S.
Increased population pressure and political decisions have led to more intensive agricultural practices in China. As in other regions of the world, these practices can damage natural capital We use the Kalman filter and Chinese panel data to estimate an index of environmental productivity (natural capital), together with the parameters of environmental dynamics and the production function. These estimates show that intensive practices are likely to have had persistent, substantial, and statistically significant negative effects on productivity. Ignoring these effects can cause substantial misallocation of resources. The results illustrate the possibility of estimating sectoral environmental indices using data commonly available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Chinese agriculture; Dynamic production; Environmental indices; Sustainability; Kalman filter; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; QOl; Q21; C32; C43.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6259

AZ ÖNTÖZÉS SZEREPE, JELENTŐSÉGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helyes,   Lajos.
Az öntözés egyik alapvető célja, hogy javítsa az egyre növekvő népesség élel-miszerrel való ellátását. A világon jelenleg a szántóterület 17%-át öntözik, vi-szont ez a felület adja az évenként betakarítható össztermés valamivel több mint 40%-át. Hazánkban a vízjogi engedéllyel rendelkező öntözésre berendezett terü-letünk 210 ezer hektár, ami a szántóterület közel 5%-a, de a ténylegesen öntözött terület évjárattól függően ennek kb. a fele. Az Európai Unióban átlagosan a szántóterület 13,5%-a tekinthető öntözöttnek. Az elkövetkező évek alapvető fejlesztési feladata a már meglévő öntözőrend-szerek felújítása és bővítése. A szántóföldi növények közül a kukorica, a napra-forgó, a cukorrépa és a burgonya öntözése indokolt. Az öntözött területek ará-nyának...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Klímatikus változások; Termésveszteség megelőzés; Öntözési háttér rekonstrukció szükségessége - climate change; Prevention of yield loss; Necessity of reconstruction of irrigation equipments; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54337

Climate Change Opportunities and Obstacles (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Richard.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50591

Who Pays to Protect Native Vegetation? Costs to Farmers in Moree Plains Shire, New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.
The Native Vegetation Conservation Act was introduced on January 1st 1998 to limit the clearing of native grassland and woodland in NSW. The Act has limited clearing and development to crops, has protected biodiversity, and may have enhanced soil and water conservation. But this analysis of the prices paid for land in Moree Plains Shire shows that the Act has reduced land values by some 21 per cent and has already reduced annual incomes by 10 per cent across the whole Shire. This reduction in annual incomes may well reach 18 per cent by 2005. This decrease in income means that farm households in the Shire currently must give up 15.6 per cent of their household income because they must protect native vegetation on their farms. In contrast, urban households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Native vegetation; Opportunity costs; Land values; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12951

Modeling Spatially Differentiated Environmental Policy in a Philippine Watershed:  Tradeoffs between Environmental Protection and Poverty Reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Demeke,   Bayou.
Erosion and sediments are among the most important externalities in the developing world. These sediments negatively affect the quantity and quality of water in the downstream regions of watersheds. In light with the growing interest in many developing countries to use market-based instruments, this paper develops a model for designing efficient environmental policy at a watershed scale. Because farm households are heterogeneous in a given watershed, we develop a spatially explicit, heterogeneous watershed scale environmental policy to lesson watershed degradation. We use GIS data and geo-referenced household plots to populate the watershed with the heterogeneous households.  Heterogeneity also implies that the impact of environmental tax policy on poverty...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21115

Estimating Co-benefits of Agricultural Climate Policy in New Zealand:  A Catchment-Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Greenhalgh,   Suzie; Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi; Sinclair,   Robyn.
This paper uses an economic catchment model to assess changes in land use, enterprise distribution, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading levels from a series of policies that introduce carbon prices or nutrient reduction caps on land-based production in the Hurunui Catchment in Canterbury, New Zealand. At $20/tCO2e, net revenue for the catchment is reduced by 7% from baseline levels while GHGs are reduced by 3%. At $40/ tCO2e, net revenue is reduced by 15% while GHGs are reduced by 21%. Nitrogen and phosphorous loading levels within the catchment were also reduced when landowners face a carbon price, thus providing other benefits to the environment. Additional scenarios in this paper assess the impacts from developing a large-scale irrigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and Forestry Modeling; Land Use; Climate Policy; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Quantity; Water Quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103855

The Impact of Unilateral Climate Policy with Endogenous Plant Location and Market Size Asymmetry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanna-Randaccio,   Francesca; Sestini,   Roberta.
This paper analyses the impact of unilateral climate policy on firms’ international location strategies in emission-intensive sectors, when countries differ in terms of market size. The cases of partial and total relocation via foreign direct investment are separately considered. A simple international duopoly model highlights the differences between short-term and long-term effects. In the short-term no change in location is a likely outcome in very capital-intensive sectors, and when there is a strategy shift this takes the form of  partial instead of total relocation. In the long-run total relocation becomes a feasible outcome. However we found  that, when tighter mitigation measures are introduced by the larger country and unit transport cost is high,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Carbon Leakage; Climate Policy; Relocation; Transport Costs; Welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; F23; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94789

Environmental Benefits from Reduced Pesticide Use and Returns to Research: An Application to the U.S. Cotton Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sande,   Doris N.; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Matekole,   Augustus N.
Cotton production is one of the main pesticide use industries in the U.S. This intensive use has resulted in the disruption of naturally occurring biological control factors that regulate other insect pest populations and “the pesticide treadmill”. The result is resistance to insecticides, high control costs and unacceptable levels of chemical insecticides in the environment. Concerns about the environmental and human health effects from pesticide use thus need to be modeled in evaluation studies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Pesticide use; Environmental effects; Supply function; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56549

Dynamic Processes in Contingent Valuation: A Case Study Involving the Mahogany Glider
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper reports the results of an experiment involving a sample of 204 members of the public who were assessed on three occasions about their willingness to pay for the conservation of the mahogany glider. They were asked this question prior to information being provided to them about the glider and other focal wildlife species; after such information was provided, and finally after participants had had an opportunity to see live specimens of this glider. The mean willingness to pay of the relevant samples are compared and found to show significant variations. Theories are considered that help explain the dynamics of these variations. Serious concerns are raised about the capacity of information provision to reveal ‘true’ contingent valuations of public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Awareness; Contingent valuation; Dynamic processes; Experiential learning; Information; Wildlife; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; D83; D84; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51414

UNDERSTANDING THE GLOBAL COMMONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bromley,   Daniel W.; Cochrane,   Jeffrey A.
We want to clarify the way in which we think about the global commons, particularly the problem of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions and tropical deforestation.  We develop a policy framework in which the policy goal is the sustainability of the earth's ability to absorb greenhouse gases.  The framework considers the unequal incidence of benefits and costs of particular policies.  We identify several resource management regimes and suggest that management under a common property regime is most appropriate.  We conclude by identifying and briefly discussing types of policies that can achieve sustainability.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11890

Estimation of a Surface Water Quality Valuation Index for the Appalachian Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khatri-Chhetri,   Arun; Collins,   Alan R.
A surface water quality valuation index is developed and used to compare counties across the Appalachian Region. This index was based on a meta-analysis of non-market water quality valuation studies along with an application of benefit transfer. The results reveal that Pennsylvania, Georgia, and New York had the highest percentages of counties with high index values within the Appalachian Region. As this research was part of an inter-disciplinary team assembled by the Appalachian Regional Commission, results of this index can be compared to other indices computed for water resources in the region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; Benefit transfer; Contingent valuation; Willingness-to-pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103653

ALLOCATING BIOSECURITY RESOURCES IN SPACE AND TIME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Hester,   Susan M.
Invasive species can cause significant damage to natural environments, agricultural systems, human populations and the economy as a whole. Biological invasions are complex dynamic systems which are inherently uncertain and their control involves allocation of surveillance and treatment resources in space and time. A complicating factor is that there are at least two types of surveillance: active and passive. Active surveillance, undertaken by pest control agencies, has high sensitivity but generally low coverage because of its high cost. Passive surveillance, undertaken by the public, has low sensitivity and may have high coverage depending on human population density. Its effectiveness depends on the extent to which information campaigns succeed in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Search theory; Invasive species; Dispersal; Passive surveillance.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100535

Public Perceptions of New Zealand's Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cullen,   Ross; Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
Beginning in 2000 Lincoln University has completed biennial surveys of people's perceptions of the state of the New Zealand environment. The surveys use the Pressure-State-Response framework for state of the environment reporting to assess resources such as air quality, native plants and animals, native forest and bush, soils, beaches and coastal waters, marine fisheries, marine reserves, freshwaters, national parks, wetlands, urban environments, and the natural environment compared to other developed nations. They also examine participation in environmentally friendly activities, the most important environmental issues facing New Zealanders and a range of other issues. Individual case studies are also undertaken: in 2000 natural hazards; in 2002 the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public perceptions; Environment; Survey; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31958

A bioeconomic model of a marine park
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenville,   Jared W.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
A spatial bioeconomic model of a fishery will be used to investigate the effect of creating a marine park in a heterogeneous environment. Focus will be placed on the relevant biological and economic conditions needed to provide a benefit to both fishers and conservationists alike. The fishing environment will be one of limited entry to better simulate the conditions which exist in many developed nations. Fishers will be assumed to operate across patched in which the fish stocks are linked via either sink-source or density dependant spatial relationships.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; Marine protected area; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58451

The hysteresis phenomenon and benefit evaluation for pollution control in aquatic ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Anthony C.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6191

Projected impacts of salinity on dryland property values in South West Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Michael B.; Dent,   Jared.
Paper removed Jan. 28, 2014 at the request of the authors.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107742

Crop Yield Growth and Its Implication for the International Effects of US Bioenergy and Climate Policies (Draft)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Siyi J.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Havlik,   Petr.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103518

Opportunities for African Small Farmers in Ethical Foods Markets: An Entrepreneurial Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent.
Income growth in many countries is fuelling expansion of the ethical consumer segment and creating an unprecedented opportunity for small African farmers. The challenge is how to organize these farmers to seize the opportunities being offered by the emerging market. We argue in this paper that the development of entrepreneurial perspectives on small farmers’ realities could help alleviate the current economic challenges confronting them. We suggest increased engagement between researchers and academics with producers in entrepreneurial ventures to seize these opportunities. This is new model of economic development focuses on microeconomic solutions through entrepreneurial initiatives. We believe the agricultural economics profession’s ability to engage...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethical Foods; Farmers; African; Markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52215

PLANNING AND MANAGING OUR ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farness,   Sanford S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17576

Does anybody give a dam? The importance of public awareness for urban water conservation during drought
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Steinhauser,   Ralf.
Demand management has been of interest in dry climates such as Australia, Spain and the Western United States for decades. It is particularly important to understand policy options during drought conditions, as drought periods have a disproportionate effect on supply infrastructure decisions. While water‐conservation campaigns aimed at inducing voluntary consumption reductions are almost universally employed by water managers in times of supply constraint, voluntary measures are generally dismissed in the economics literature as ineffective. We argue that the robust positive correlation between dam levels and consumption after controlling for policy changes suggests that there is a significant component of voluntary conservation. Furthermore, omitting dam...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water use; Demand management; Pricing; Behavioral aspects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107850

Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia. Draft Proceeding of the Symposium and Exhibition held at Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 27th -29th November, 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged,   Makonnen; Yilma,   Aster Denekew.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Crop management; Irrigated farming; Rainfed farming; Irrigation systems; Food security; Water harvesting; Institutions; Environmental effects; Public health; Malaria; GIS; Remote sensing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118410

Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities and Sustainability: Diverse Approaches, Options and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper reviews agricultural externalities as a source of market failure and as a reason for a lack of sustainability of agricultural incomes and production. It concentrates mainly on environmental externalities (which include biodiversity loss) but consideration is also given to externalities involving adverse selection. Types of agricultural externalities are classified and their nature is explored. Depending on their type and nature, different policy implications often follow. For example, no intervention may be required, or it may be reasonable for a farmer to have to pay to create an unfavourable externality or be paid to moderate or eliminate it. Adverse selection is also an externality phenomenon and some of its implications for agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market failure; Environmental externalities; Adverse selection; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55105

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-6Y:  "AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT, WITH A FOCUS ON CLIMATE"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burton,   Diana M.
This session explores various farm management practices within the context of sustainability and environmental uncertainty. Impacts of Global Warming on Cropping Practices in Alberta A. M. Walburger and K. K. Klein, University of Lethbridge. The Value of El Nino Forecast Methods for the U.S. Winter Wheat Producers, Do They Differ? Harvey Hill, Jaehong Park, Wesley Rosenthal, H. Alan Love, Stephen W. Fuller. Trading Poultry Litter at the Watershed Level: A Goal Focusing Approach Kezelee Jones,  Gerard D'Souza. A Futuristic Look at the Use of Grazed Forages in the Western United States Larry Van Tassell, University of Wyoming; E. Tom Bartlett, Colorado State University; John Mitchell, U.S. Forest Service.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20910

Policies and politics: Challenges and opportunities for agricultural and resource economists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
This is a broad-ranging discussion of the role of economics and economists in the formation of government policies. The focus is on helping economists who wish to be influential in the policy process. The paper covers rationales for and against economist involvement in the policy process (market failure, government failure, economist failure), a range of theories that attempt to explain aspects of the policy process, and practical advice and insights based on the experiences of policy economists. Many challenges are highlighted, but some clear opportunities are apparent, particularly through explicit advocacy for the public interest.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98514

Regulatory Takings and Environmental Regulation in NAFTA's Chapter 11
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Karp,   Larry S.; McAusland,   Carol.
NAFTA's investment treaty has led to several expropriation compensation claims from investors hurt by new environmental regulations. Expropriation clauses in international treaties solve post-investment moral hazard problems such as hold-ups. However, these clauses can interact with National Treatment clauses in a manner that hinders investment. A police powers carve-out from the definition of expropriation can be Pareto-improving and can increase the level of foreign investment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Regulatory takings; Expropriation; NAFTA; National Treatment; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K3; Q58; F21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7195

MEETING THE KYOTO TARGET THROUGH CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR NATURAL CAPITAL MAINTENANCE, PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY, AND SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Lohr,   Luanne.
According to Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, agricultural soil could be used as a sink for carbon sequestration and hence it may provide an alternative venue to sequester the greenhouse gas emission.  US plans to reduce the carbon emission amount by seven percent below the 1990 level within the target date of 2008-2012.  The major approaches to achieve the goal targeted by Kyoto Protocol in US are through fossil fuel tax and increasing forest area by afforestation.  This means fossil fuel price will increase which will have a direct impact to conventional tillage cost.  As a result farmers would be motivated to use less machinery operation in farming and hence may use conservation tillage in farming practices.  Rather than cause and effect relationship...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Carbon sequestration; Natural capital; Production efficiency; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23812

Why do New Zealanders Care about Agricultural Emissions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Hugh J.; Kerr,   Suzi.
The question of how to effectively address agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is of critical importance for New Zealand and the world. Ensuring that our responses are effective requires us to first consider what we aim to achieve: why do we care about agricultural emissions? This paper responds to this fundamental inquiry, and argues that New Zealanders‟ diverse individual motivations can be grouped under three headings: one, concern about the direct impacts of climate change on New Zealand and the world; two, pressure from others based on their concern about climate change; three, complementary goals. This framework is useful in setting out how our underlying motivations should shape our responses, and highlights the importance of choosing responses...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115507

Carbon Labeling for Consumer Food Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shewmake,   Sharon; Okrent,   Abigail M.; Thabrew,   Lanka; Vandenbergh,   Michael.
We construct a model to predict how consumers will respond to better information about the carbon content of 42 foods and a nonfood composite as well as product categories through a label, and provide guidance as to what kinds of goods would provide the highest CO¬2eq emission reductions through a labeling scheme.   Our model assumes that consumers value their individual carbon footprint, allowing us to utilize estimates of own- and cross-price elasticities of demand from the literature on demand analysis. We make three different assumptions about how consumers currently value their carbon footprint and find that when a label informs consumers, their baseline perception matters.  We also find that carbon labels on alcohol and meat would achieve the largest...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Food labeling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; D83; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124369

Matching Grants and Charitable Giving: Why People Sometimes Provide a Helping Hand to Fund Environmental Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kotani,   Koji; Messer,   Kent D.; Schulze,   William D.
Matching grants are a prevalent mechanism for funding environmental, conservation, and natural resource projects. However, economists have largely been silent regarding the potential benefits of these mechanisms at increasing voluntary contributions. To examine the behavioral responses to different match levels, this research uses controlled laboratory experiments with generically framed instructions and introduces a general-form matching-grant mechanism, referred to as the proportional contribution mechanism (PCM). Results show that contributions are positively correlated with both the match and the induced value of the public good even when a dominant strategy is free-riding. An implication of this partial demand revelation result is that manifestations...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Matching grants; Public goods; Charitable giving; Voluntary contributions; Experimental economics; Warm glow; Helping hand; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90843

Using focus groups to design a choice modelling questionnaire for estimating natural resource management benefits in NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
In this study, focus group discussions were used to design a choice modelling (CM) questionnaire to estimate community wide values for the environmental and social benefits provided by natural resource management changes in the Namoi, Lachlan and Hawkesbury-Nepean catchments. This report describes the logistics of the focus groups and outlines the main conclusions drawn from the discussions. The research team conducted eight focus groups in the main urban areas of the regions where the CM survey will be conducted (Tamworth, Cowra, Goulburn and Sydney). How the CM questionnaire was developed with focus group participant input is also discussed in the report. The focus group meetings resulted in a draft questionnaire to be refined in consultation with...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Focus groups; Choice modelling; Questionnaire design; Natural resource management.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94801

A MODEL FOR THE APPRAISAL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim.
Social Appraisal of Agricultural Projects
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct cost; External costs; External benefits; Net present value; Sensitivity analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119883

Valuation of public environmental assets by private companies: optimal dust abatement and air quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dunn,   Peter; Schilizzi,   Steven.
This study investigates a new problem in the area of environmental valuation: how much is a public environmental asset worth to a private company? We ask this question in the context of dust abatement, where the asset is air quality. A company wants to know what level of dust abatement is optimal, given the engineering costs of abating and the social costs of not abating. We show that the optimal point for the company lies in between the textbook cases of so-called private optimum and social optimum, which constitute, respectively, a lower and an upper bound for dust abatement. We calculate the upper bound and provide elements for the calculation of the lower bound.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57863

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF OZONE CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA'S SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hong Jin; Helfand,   Gloria E.; Howitt,   Richard E.
This study estimates the benefits to agricultural and human health of reducing ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the costs of ozone control. The San Joaquin Valley's highly valued crops suffer from high ozone levels. Federal and state primary ozone standards are based on health effects, not effects on other sectors, and do not consider costs of attaining the standards. The methods here allow comparison of both total and marginal benefits and costs. The results suggest that net gains can be achieved for the entire valley by reducing ozone below 1990 levels, although results vary by region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31169

Assessing the Sustainability of Irish Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillon,   Emma J.; Hennessy,   Thia C.; Hynes,   Stephen; Commins,   Verena.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6474

Ranking New Zealand river values – a novel approach to managing the ‘chalk and cheese’ problem
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.
In New Zealand, regional councils have the task of sustainably managing rivers and their flows. In trying to achieve this task they face enormous challenges including the need to allocate flows amongst often highly disparate in- (e.g., angling, kayaking, native fish and birds) and out-of-river (e.g., irrigation and hydro energy) values/needs. To aid in this task these councils need to know which rivers or parts of rivers are relatively more or less important on national, regional and local bases, for particular values. This task becomes even more challenging given limited information availability for many values, and no overarching policy or decision framework. In this paper I report on a FRST-funded (and less than 1-year long) project which has addressed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: River values; Prioritization system; Irrigation and birdlife; New Zealand; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97129

Forest and Forest Land Valuation: How to Value Forest and Forest Land to Include Carbon Costs and Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meade,   Richard; Fiuza,   Gabriel; Lu,   Andrea; Boyle,   Glenn; Evans,   Lewis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97127

Robust Estimates of Value of a Statistical Life for Developing Economies: An Application to Pollution and Mortality in Santiago
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bowland,   Brad J.; Beghin,   John C.
The value-of-statistical-life (VSL) approach is used by environmental economists to value mortality changes resulting from environmental improvement, such as decreased urban air pollution. Because of scarce data, VSL estimates are not available for developing countries. Using robust regression techniques, we conduct a meta-analysis of VSL studies in industrialized countries to derive a VSL prediction function for developing economies accounting for differences in risk, income, human capital levels, and other demographic characteristics of these economies. We apply our estimated VSL to assess the willingness-to-pay for reduction in mortality linked to air pollution in Santiago, Chile. We find willingness-to-pay estimates in the range of $519,000 to $675,000...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Santiago; VSL; Willingness-to-pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; I12; Q25; O15.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18471

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF LAND APPLICATION OF CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE: GENERALIZED STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dias,   Weeratilake; Helmers,   Glenn A.; Eghball,   Bahman.
GSD is used to determine the risk efficiency of nine different technologies of land application. The analysis shows that organic applications for crop phosphorus needs are the most environmentally efficient. Under producer risk aversion, inorganic fertilizer application is the most economically desirable. Organic applications can be both environmentally amenable and economically viable alternatives in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35715

Macroeconomic Implications of Demography for the Environment: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This article studies how demography affects the outcome of the environmental policy in a macro-economic perspective, incorporating age-earning profiles in an OLG model à la Blanchard (1985) to capture the age structure effect of the demographic shocks. It first demonstrates, conversely to previous works of the related literature that a decrease in the birth rate may lower the steady-state per capita stock of physical capital even if the aggregate labor supply is exogenous. It also demonstrates that the ageing of population influences the macro-economic impact of the environmental policy according to the cause of the ageing and the life-cycle earnings assumption. Thus, with decreasing age-earning profiles, a lower birth rate reduces the detrimental impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demography; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50325

A PROPOSAL TO REFORM THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: THE ROLE OF ESCAPE CLAUSES AND FORESIGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
A reform to the Kyoto Protocol that allows signatories to pay a fine instead of meeting the target level of abatement would achieve three goals. First, it would defuse one U.S. objection to the agreement: the concern that the cost of achieving the target might turn out to be extremely high. Second, unlike other cost-reducing measures (such as trade in pollution permits) it would increase the equilibrium number of signatories in a non-cooperative participation game. Third, it would make it easier to force signatories to comply with their obligations. We study the participation game under an escape clause using both a Nash Equilibrium and the concept of a stable set when nations are “farsighted”. We compare our results to a prominent model of International...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6857

A METHOD FOR INCLUDING IN PMP MODELS ACTIVITIES NON-EXISTENT IN THE BASELINE SITUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judez,   Lucinio; de Andres,   Rosario; Ibanez,   M.; Urzainqui,   Elvira.
When working with positive mathematical programming (PMP) models it is generally admitted that it is not possible to consider in the modeled unit activities that are not present in the baseline situation of the unit.  This constitutes a considerable drawback for traditional PMP techniques which cannot be applied in specific cases, in particular to the study of the impact of new agri-environmental programs that subsidize crops grown with technologies different to those applied in the baseline situation.  This paper presents a method for dealing with these cases, which can be easily implemented as an extension of the traditional calibration techniques of PMP.  The method is applied to a specific problem, using modified calibration expressions derived from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming extensions; Agri-environmental measures; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44243

Putting the Spotlight on Attribute Definition: a knowledge base approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cleland,   Jonelle; Rogers,   Abbie A.
Attributes definition is a crucial, yet neglected topic of critical inquiry in the choice modelling literature. In a policy context, attributes should reflect public interests. However, guidance on how to go about achieving this criterion is lacking. To address this concern, we offer a novel approach to attribute definition – the knowledge base approach. A knowledge base is the particular ‘lens’ through which a shared understanding of a topic is gained (i.e. different groups of people view the world in different ways). Knowledge bases have been used in evidence-based policy to account for different sources of information and perspectives in complex policy settings, with the intention of improving policy and program development. The knowledge base approach...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107578

Analysis and Evaluation of Ecosystem Resilience:  An Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper focuses on the analyses and evaluation of resilience anchored in an economic perspective. Resilience, as well as most of the benefits provided by ecosystems, is not priced on current markets. However, this does not mean that resilience is of no value for humans. On the contrary, the interest of using an economic perspective, and the respective scientific methodology, will be put forward in terms of resilience relevance for ecosystems’ life and functioning, and its impact on human welfare. The economic perspective is anchored in an anthropocentric analysis meaning that resilience is evaluated in terms of provision of natural capital benefits. These, in turn, are interpreted as an insurance against the risk of ecosystem malfunctioning and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12205

Pakistan Agricultural Export Performance in the Light of Trade Liberalization and Economic Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malik,   Nadeem.
The objective of this paper is to see the impacts of economic reforms and trade liberalisation policies on agricultural export performance of Pakistan. The major purpose is to examine the effects of both domestic supply-side factors and world demand on agricultural export performance. Four indicators of economic reforms and trade liberalisation policies are considered namely competitiveness, diversification, openness and world demand for agricultural products; these indicators capture the effects of both domestic supply-side policy reforms and world market potential. The effects are analysed in dynamic term both in the long-run and short-run, using co integration and vector error correction (VECM) methods. The empirical results suggest that agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture Economics; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45854

An Empirical Investigation of Interproduct Relationships Between Domestic and Imported Seafood in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This study seeks to identify interproduct relationships between domestic catfish and a representative selection of imported seafood. In doing so, this study uses multivariate cointegration and structural analyses. Multivariate cointegration analysis suggests that six imported seafood product groupings form a common market with domestic catfish. Structural analysis reveals that 1) domestic and imported catfish are net and gross quantity substitutes; 2) domestic catfish and imported seafood are normal goods; 3) six imported seafood products are identified as gross quantity substitutes for domestic catfish; and 4) according to the derived Allais coefficients, interaction intensities of imported seafood for domestic catfish (from greatest to least) are as...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Multivariate cointegration; Quantity substitutability; Seafood imports; Structural analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D12; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100516

What Distinguishes EMAS Participants? An Exploration of Company Characteristics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bracke,   Roeland; Verbeke,   Tom; Dejonckheere,   Veerle.
Empirical research on the characteristics of environmentally responsive companies has focussed almost exclusively on US and Japanese firms. For Europe, which is commonly considered as the greenest of the three major developed economic markets, similar research is lacking. This paper seeks to fill this gap by empirically investigating the business and financial characteristics, stakeholder pressure and public policies distinguishing companies that have implemented the European Eco-Management and Audit System (EMAS) and those that have not using a unique firm-level dataset of European publicly quoted companies. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First of all, the decision to implement EMAS has not been widely analysed. Secondly, we focus on European...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EMAS; European Companies; Public Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; L2.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9332

Impact on the Poor of Changing Rural Environments and Technologies: Evidence from India and Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Green Revolution technologies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53636

Enforcement and Environmental Quality in a Decentralized Emission Trading System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Amato,   Alessio; Valentini,   Edilio.
This paper addresses the issue of whether the powers of monitoring compliance and allocating tradeable emissions allowances within a federation of countries should be appointed to a unique federal regulator or decentralized to several local regulators. To this end, we develop a two stage game played by environmental regulator(s) and the polluting industries of two countries. Regulator(s) choose the amount of emission allowances to be issued and set the level of monitoring effort to achieve full compliance, while regulated firms choose actual emissions and the number of permits to be held. We identify various, possibly conflicting, spillovers among states in a decentralized setting. We show that cost advantage in favor of local regulators is not sufficient...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading; Environmental Federalism; Enforcement; Monitoring Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; K42; Q53.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46654

Integrated Prevention and Control of Invasive Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitafi,   Basharat A.K.; Roumasset,   James A.
An emerging problem for environmental policy is how to design efficient strategies for the prevention and control of invasive species. However, the literature has mostly focused either on pre-introduction prevention or post-introduction control of an invasive. The benefits of prevention cannot be understood or estimated without knowing the costs of post-introduction control. This paper provides an integrated framework where optimal prevention is combined with optimal pest removal.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21062

REPLACEMENT OF PRICE SUPPORT MEASURES BY DIRECT PAYMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL POLICIES: DOES THIS BENEFIT THE ENVIRONMENT? THE EFFECTS OF THE POST-1992 CAP ON PEST CONTROL IN THE E.U.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serra,   Teresa; Zilberman,   David; Goodwin,   Barry K.; Hyvonen,   Keijo.
The objective of this research is to determine the contribution of recent agricultural policy reforms in the E.U. on the use of crop protection products. Specifically, we concentrate on the 1992 CAP reforms. Our theoretical model adopts the multi-output generalization of the Lichtenberg-Zilberman damage control technology model developed by Chambers and Lichtenberg. In the empirical application, farm-level data for a sample of French farms are utilized. Results suggest that price effects on the usage of crop protection products are always more elastic than the compensatory payment effects. This result indicates that a policy reform consisting of a reduction in price-support measures in favor of direct payments to farmers, such as the 1992 CAP reform,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20043

Innovation and environmental awareness based on the example of the Voestalpine Group: THE SECRETS OF SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Merai,   Gyorgyi; Szucs,   Csaba; Marsalek,   Sandor.
One of the main characteristics of market economies is market competition where companies have to deliver and achieve the best possible results amid continuous challenges. It is always worth learning from the best performers. The voestalpine Group is a market leader steel producing company and a world market leader in a variety of segments.  It is characterised by advanced innovation in the fields of engineering, energy management and the protection of the environment, for which it has already earned international recognition and awards. We have made an effort to collect the factors in innovation, research, human resources management, and the protection of the environment that enabled voestalpine Group to achieve outstanding economic success. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Research; Human resources; Corporate management; Code of conduct; Protection of the environment; Innováció; Kutatás; Humán erőforrás; Vállalatvezetés; Magatartáskódex; Környezetvédelem; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99215

Managing Forests for Sustainable Economic Development: Optimal Use and Conservation of Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The conservation of natural forests contributes significantly to the goal of achieving sustainable economic development. There is, however, growing concern that natural forests (which provide tangible and intangible economic benefits to humankind) are being lost at a rate which (combined with other factors) seriously threatens sustainable economic development because of the environmental and social impacts of such loss. There is little doubt that in order to achieve sustainable development, multifunctional forest ecosystems (as well as other important ecosystems) need to be managed appropriately. However, determining the socially optimal level of conservation and use of forests is a challenging task. From a human point of view, it is clearly not optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discount rates; Ecosystem services; Environmental conservation; Forests; Intergenerational equity; Multifunctionality; Resource economics; Sustainable development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90465

Suggestions for the Road to Copenhagen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We provide a unified discussion of the issues that confront negotiators of the next international climate agreement. We offer a novel proposal that entitles countries to discharge their treaty obligations by paying a “fine”. This escape clause provides cost insurance, simplifies the problem of enforcing compliance, and increases incentives to participate in the agreement. We explain why developed country obligations should rely on a cap and trade commitment rather than carbon taxes. A Central Bank maintains stability of carbon prices by defending a price ceiling and floor. An so-called intensity target is not a good alternative to an emissions cap. Modest trade restrictions, consistent with WTO law, will form an important part of the next agreement....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Taxes versus cap and trade; Price stability; Carbon leakage; Trade restrictions; Differentiated responsibility; Clean development mechanism; Sectoral agreements; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51610

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EPA'S MANURE APPLICATION REGULATIONS ON DAIRY FARMS IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Wen-Yuan; Christensen,   Lee A.
We estimate that EPA's CAFO final rule on manure application would have different impacts on dairy farms in the region, assuming that the farms would maintain the same herd size and same crop production practices.  Some farms in the region would be able to comply it on their current land base, but other would need to lease additional land for land application of manure.  Less than 30 percent of those affected farms would have a lower farm income.  Most of these affected farms could have no income reduction or a higher income as a result of reduced feed cost from expanding homegrown feed production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35109

Potential Contribution of Payments for Ecological Goods and Services to Farm Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Royer,   Annie; Gouin,   Daniel-Mercier.
Agri-environmental payments are part of a re-instrumentation of farm support in some developed countries. In general, they are meant to contribute to the cost of meeting regulations, compensate for income lost by adopting certain practices, and reward farmers for providing environmental services. In this context, agri-environmental payments are seen as a vehicle which could potentially contribute to meet the double objectives of providing environmental benefits to society while supporting farm income.  Such agri-environmental payments are gaining importance in the policy portfolio of certain countries in response to higher social expectations with respect to the environmental performance of the agricultural sector as well as in response to international...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52054

ISO 14000 STANDARDS: VOLUNTARY ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AS A TRADE FACILITATION STRATEGY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boys,   Kathryn A.; Grant,   Jason H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61855

What are the Economic Health Costs of Non-Action in Controlling Toxic Water Pollution?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Konishi,   Yoshifumi; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
This paper identifies information that may be important in determining the benefits of preventing toxic water contamination (or equivalently cost of nonaction) when a given toxification occurs. It attempts to identify information and behavior issues that need to be considered when we estimate benefits and weigh them against the costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides “scenarios” for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies. We make use of two alternatives--one for developing countries and the other for developed countries--to demonstrate, with specific examples of arsenic, mercury and Atrazine, how benefit estimates and control policies vary with different assumptions concerning behavior/information and type of chemical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment &amp; the Developing World; Hydrology; Transport Geography; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6656

Measuring Sector Productivity (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cao,   Kay; Forbes,   Rod.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97619

A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY BASED ON PLURALISTIC STEWARDSHIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Grizzle,   Raymond E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28367

Environmental Taxation and International Eco-Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan.
Environmental policies are discussed when two countries differ in their ability to abate pollution. Northern eco-industries (the industry supplying abatement activities) are more efficient than Southern ones. Segmented environmental markets and a Northern monopoly yield identical second-best taxes in both countries. When markets are global, Southern countries underestimate the market power of eco-industries. Introducing competition creates positive (resp. negative) rent-shifting distortions in South (resp. North). Cooperation could reduce Northern pollution but has ambiguous consequences in South.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10274

The Pollution Haven Hypothesis: A Geographic Economy Model in a Comparative Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kheder,   Sonia Ben; Zugravu,   Natalia.
Although based on theoretical foundations, the pollution haven hypothesis has never been clearly proven empirically. In this study, we re-examine this hypothesis by a fresh take on both its theoretical and empirical aspects. While applying a geographic economy model on French firm-level data, we confirm the hypothesis for the global sample. Through sensitivity analysis, we validate it for Central and Eastern European countries, emerging and high-income OECD countries, but not for the major part of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Finally, we show that the pollution haven hypothesis is confirmed in the strongest manner for emerging economies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: FDI; Environmental Regulation; Economic Geography; Pollution Haven Hypothesis; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; F18; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44223

Industrial Water Demand analysis in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of  South Africa: The case of Mining
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Linz,   Teresa; Tsegai,   Daniel W.
This paper seeks to determine water demand of the mining sector in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Despite the growing economic importance of mining in the area, only little is known about its water demand and the role of water in the mines´ extraction process. By means of econometric estimation water price elasticities as well as substitution possibilities between water and other inputs are derived to analyze the response of mines to changes in water tariffs. Using primary data, a translog cost function is estimated for five mines operating in the area. Cost share equations of each input are specified and estimated using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. The mean cost share of water for all five mines, with around 1%, is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49927

THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ON WOMEN'S AND CHILDREN'S TIME ALLOCATION DECISIONS IN MALAWI: IMPACT ON CHILDREN'S WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nankhuni,   Flora J.; Findeis,   Jill L.
The majority of the Malawi people is rural (85%) and lives primarily on subsistence farming (NSO 2001).  More than 90% of households collect and use fuel wood as their main source of cooking energy (NEC 2001; NSO 2000).  However, between 1990 and 2000, Malawi experienced an average annual deforestation rate of 2.4% that was significantly higher than both Africa's average deforestation rate of 0.78%, and the world's average deforestation rate of 0.22% (UN FAO 2001).  Malawi is also reported as one of the countries that will experience water stress by 2025 (PRB 2002).  The rapid depletion of natural resources can have significant consequences for the quality of people's lives.  Since Malawian women and children are primarily responsible for rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22117

The Impacts of Attribute Level Framing and Changing Cost Levels on Choice Experiments Value Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Choice Experiments (CE) are increasingly used to estimate the values of environmental goods and services. CE questionnaires represent the environmental good under valuation by varying levels of non-market attributes. Inclusion of a cost attribute enables the estimation of monetary values for changes in the non-market attributes presented. The ways in which the levels of the attributes are described in the survey - the ‘attribute frame’ - may affect respondents’ choices. Furthermore, varying levels of the cost attribute may impact CE value estimates. The challenge for CE practitioners is to identify the ‘appropriate’ attribute frames and cost levels. In this paper, the impacts of changing cost levels and the impacts of describing non-market attributes as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice Experiments; Environmental Valuation; Bias; Tasmania; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59091

DEPOSIT-REFUND SYSTEMS: ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR THE REDUCTION AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin.
Hazardous wastes such as spent solvents and heavy-metal paint waste are characterized by certain adverse properties which include toxicity, reactivity, corrosivity, and flammability. Improper disposal of hazardous wastes may lead to air pollution, water pollution, or soil contamination which are dangerous for human health and for the ecosystem. These effects are known as externalities if the consequences, or costs, are not considered in the waste-generators' decisions. Due to externality, the social costs, including externality costs, and private costs diverge. Since the Love Canal event, hazardous waste disposal (HWD) has drawn national attention. A Roper poll reported that hazardous waste was perceived by the American public as the most important...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11004

Sustainable Agriculture: An Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Provides some background on concerns about the sustainability of agriculture, outlines and discusses views about what constitutes sustainable agriculture and contrasts the sustainability of modern industrialised agriculture with that of traditional agriculture. Then the question is considered (taking into account the available evidence) whether organic agriculture is more sustainable than non-organic agriculture. Barriers to switching from non-organic to organic agriculture are mentioned. The development of agriculture usually has a serious negative impact on wild biodiversity. Whether or not more intensive agriculture would reduce the negative ecological footprint is unclear but many scientists believe it will do this. Globally, there has been a rapid...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Genetically modified crops; Industrialised modern agriculture; Organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q16; Q57.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/140549

Redealing the Cards: How The Presence of an Eco-Industry Modifies the Political Economy of Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan.
An incumbent government maximizes its chances of being reelected. Its objective function encompasses both social welfare and political contributions. Its only instrument is a pollution tax. In an open-economy context, we introduce an eco-industry in addition to lobbies of polluting firms and environmentalists. Not only does the eco-industry lobby add a new political contribution toward a higher environmental tax, it also modifies the incentives of the usual lobbies. When the foreign environmental policy is constant, environmentalists can be in favor of a decrease in the local tax in order to reduce foreign pollution. It could also be in the interest of a vertical industrial pressure group to lobby toward more stringent environmental policy. In general, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10271

Consumer's WTP for Environment-Friendly Production Methods and Collective Reputation for Place of Origin: The Case of Val di Gresta's Carrots
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scarpa,   Riccardo; Thiene,   Mara; Marangon,   Francesco.
This paper investigates preferences for various environment-friendly production system for carrots using discretechoice multi-attribute stated-preference data amongst buyers and explore the effect of collective reputations from growers of an Alpine valley known to be completely dedicated to organic production. Results show that buyers distinctly recognize only organic production as a production system different from the conventional one, and there is some evidence of recognition of collective reputation. As well as for marginal utility of income, substantial unobserved heterogeneity is found for many skin imperfections, origin from the organic Alpine valley and the organic production methods. The implied sample distributions of WTP for each of these random...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Mixed logit; Organic products; Marginal utility of income; Unobserved taste heterogeneity; Status-quo bias; Heteroskedasticity; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C15; C25; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25637

THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN PREDICTING ADOPTION OF WIND EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   H. Holly; Young,   Douglas L.; Camara,   Oumou M.
Logit and ordered probit analyses were used to identify factors associated with reduced tillage adoption, continuous spring cropping, and the number of changes made in response to wind erosion. Contrary to previous results for water erosion control, simple perception of a wind erosion problem or membership in a particular socioeconomic category did not significantly explain adoption of wind erosion control practices, but participating in a targeted educational program did. This educational program: (a) highlighted the threats of wind erosion to human health and to soil productivity, and (b) described specific potentially profitable farming practices for solving the wind erosion problem.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30906

AN APPLICATION OF THE PHOSPHORUS CONSISTENT RULE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE COST-EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF BROILER LITTER IN CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Limaye,   Ashutosh S; Adhikari,   Murali; Martin,   Neil R., Jr.
We calculated the profitability of using broiler litter as a source of plant nutrients using the phosphorus consistent litter application rule.  The cost saving by using litter is 37% over the use of chemical fertilizer alone to meet the nutrient needs of major crops grown in Alabama.  In the optimal solution, only a few routes of all the possible routes developed were used for inter- and intra- county litter hauling.  If litter is not adopted as the sole source of crop nutrients, the best environmental policy may be to pair the phosphorus consistent rule with taxes, marketable permits, and subsidies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31658

Entwicklung und politische Rahmenbedingungen des ökologischen Landbaus in Europa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lampkin,   Nicolas; Padel,   Susanne; Foster,   Carolyn.
The paper describes the development and policy environment of organic farming in the European Union, where organic farming has grown rapidly due to a variety of factors. Policy measures concerning area-based financial support for conversion to and continuation of organic farming, officially-recognized standards and support for market and regional development, advice and research are considered. This indicates that individual measures can also work against each other. In some countries, good experiences have been made with integrated action plans, an approach that is also being discussed at the European level and which could achieve a good basis for the development of organic farming in future.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; EU agricultural policy; Agri-environment programme; Action plans; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98990

Wells and welfare in the Ganga Basin:  Public policy and private initiative in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar.
This report analyzes how public policies designed to promote groundwater development over the past 50 years have failed in their promise, and how initiative by private agents can generate the social welfare the region needs so direly. The report outlines a five-pronged strategy for attacking eastern India's rural poverty through fuller utilization of its groundwater resources.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Groundwater management; Groundwater development; Groundwater irrigation; Pumps; Tube wells; Public policy; Poverty; Social aspects; Flood water; Water market; Waterlogging; Electricity supplies; Energy; Pricing; Rural development; Villages; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44570

A pilot project for indigenous forest reversion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Funk,   Jason; Kerr,   Suzi; Hendy,   Joanna.
This paper describes preliminary work on establishing a pilot project for carbon sequestration. The project is intended to simulate the structure of the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative, a program that may extend to the national level under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In the process of establishing the project, we will identify opportunities and barriers for landowners to engage in the management system of “carbon farming”. We will also use the results of the process to inform policymakers of potential improvements to the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative and to demonstrate to landowners the benefits of this management system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98493

How do Voluntary Pollution Reduction Programs (VPRs) Work? An Empirical Study of Links between VPRs, Environmental Management, and Environmental Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sam,   Abdoul G.; Innes,   Robert; Khanna,   Madhu.
EPA-sponsored voluntary pollution reduction programs (VPR) have gained increased prominence in U.S. environmental policy. However, as commitments to these programs are not enforceable by design, the empirical literature has mostly focused on studying the motives for their adoption and their efficacy in curbing pollution. This paper seeks (i) to shed light on the bi-directional links between participation in a VPR and adoption of firm-structured environmental management strategies (EMS), and (ii) the joint impact of VPRs and EMS adoption on the environmental performance of participant firms. Our econometric analysis reveals that participation in the 33/50 program, helped spur the adoption of Total Quality Environment Management (TQEM), which in turn had a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21192

WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR DRINKING WATER IN URBAN AREAS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosado,   Marcia.
In this paper, a nested logit model is set up according to the options available to households for tap water treatment (e.g., boiling, filtering, and purchase of bottled water).  The nested logit model yields parameters for a welfare estimation which determines the benefits from safe drinking water to households in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeast of Brazil.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20821

Regional Fishery Management Organization as Games in Coalitional Form
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Do,   Kim Hang Pham; Folmer,   Henk.
This paper examines how a Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) might successfully achieve effective control of a high seas fishery in the context of partial cooperation. We analyse the feasible allocations of property rights among members of a given RFMO and coalitions of potential entrants. We demonstrate that the modified Shapley value is an appropriate device for the division of the gains from both partial and full cooperations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International fisheries; Overexploitation; Partial cooperation; Games in partition function form; Competitive equilibrium; Modified Shapley value; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97792

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.; Thurow,   Amy Purvis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11660

COOPERATIVE VERSUS INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER BY RURAL RESIDENTS IN THE NORTHEAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klinko,   Deborah K.; Abdalla,   Charles W.
Point-of-use/point-of-entry treatment can provide an affordable means for rural residents on private wells to remedy groundwater contamination.  Cooperation among homeowners was hypothesized to be a means of further reducing treatment costs due to quantity discounts and avoidance of dealer mark-ups.  Data obtained through a mail survey of water treatment firms was used to test this hypothesis.  Individual and group purchase, installation and maintenance costs and manufacturer and dealer costs were compared using analysis of variance.  Results indicate a cooperative treatment approach may provide benefits due to quantity discounts but little potential exists for savings via direct manufacturer purchase.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28802

The Impact of CO2 Emission Cuts on Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xiaobing.
We study how carbon dioxide (CO2) emission cuts affect income for 23 OECD countries over the 1980-2004 period. The importance of this question is manifested in the disagreements at the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen and the 2010 State of the Union Address by United States President Barack Obama. We start by deriving an income-CO2 relationship based on a structural production function, which is a natural way to model the relationship among income, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. We then use a similar empirical methodology as Tucker (1995) to estimate the income-CO2 relationship. Such an approach not only allows us to focus on the long-run relationship but also enables us to project the relationship between income and CO2...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Income; Global Warming; Production Function; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103412

CARBON CREDIT POTENTIAL FROM INTENSIVE ROTATIONAL GRAZING UNDER CARBON CREDIT CERTIFICATION PROTOCOLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephenson,   Kurt; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Groover,   Gordon E.
Rotational grazing can potentially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from animal operations.  This study investigates potential GHG reductions from rotational grazing farm operations under alternative procedures for defining a carbon credit.  As applied to a case study cow-calf operation, GHG emission credits did not differ substantially under different definitions of entity boundaries. The choice of accounting metric used to report credits (mass load versus load per unit of output), however, would dramatically influence whether a farm would benefit financially from a future market in carbon credits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20225

Taking Stock: Seventeen Years after the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Lisa Yu-Ting; Ancev,   Tihomir.
There has now been almost two decades of natural resource management by signatory states under the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement Despite significant public expense, the success of initiatives to improve the Basin’s environmental remains ambiguous. This confusion is partly due to poorly distinguished investment outcomes, a blurring of the transparency of public spending and a lack of accountability of decision makers. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that significant environmental improvements could have been achieved at a much lower cost if decisive action been taken early. The research report outlines the myriad of Murray-Darling Basin related policies and its funding. It also notes the achievements and impediments to program success.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water reform; Water policy; Cost efficiency; Murray-Darling Basin; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94803

PRESSURE FACTORS AFFECTING LOMBARDY AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM: THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE FISCHLER REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulgheroni,   Claudia; Sali,   Guido.
This paper presents a regional model, based on Positive Mathematical Programming, which aims to evaluate the consequences of Fischler reform on the agricultural sector of the Lombardy irrigated lowland (Northern Italy). The model main focus is to quantify the agricultural land use changes due to the farmers reaction to the CAP reform main issues, such as single payment, and to simulate possible scenarios for the future. The model takes into account also the Water Frame Directive principles, in order to combine the assessment of both CAP issues and the potential irrigation water supplies reduction, which could deeply affect the area. The model input are obtained by means of the integration between FADN and SIARL (Agricultural Information System of Lombardy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP modelling; Fischler Reform; Positive Mathematical Programming; Regional model; Water Frame Directive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q15; C61.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44827

A MODEL FOR THE APPRAISAL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim.
Social Appraisal of Agricultural Projects
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct costs; Direct Benefits. External costs; External Benefits; Net Present Value; Sensitivity Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/208995

Searching for the Profit in Pollution Prevention: Case Studies in the Corporate Evaluation of Environmental Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
The concept of pollution prevention, or "P2," signifies a new, proactive environmental mindset that targets the causes, rather than the consequences, of polluting activity. While anecdotal evidence suggests that P2 opportunities exist and that many have been pursued, there is also the perception that the pace of P2 is far too slow. To explore that claim--and to shed light on barriers to P2 innovation--this paper presents case studies of industrial P2 projects that were in some way unsuccessful. While based on a very limited sample, the evidence contradicts the view that firms suffer from organizational weaknesses that make them unable to appreciate the financial benefits of P2 investments. Instead, the projects foundered because of significant unresolved...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution prevention; Financial evaluation; Environmental accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; L65; O33.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10614

The Role of Health Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Decision Making in Selected Countries: An Initial Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazurek,   Janice V.
This paper seeks to inform the current "regulatory reform" effort in the U.S. by describing how information from risk assessments and cost-benefit analyses is used by decision makers in six other industrialized countries. In Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada and the European Union decision makers deal with uncertainties associated with risk assessments differently than in the U.S. They are less likely to employ "default assumptions" to bridge uncertainties and instead tailor risk  evaluations to the chemical in question. Furthermore, while U.S. agencies are sometimes required to pair information from risk assessments with data from cost-benefit analyses in order to estimate how much it costs to stem or avert environmental and health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory reform; Risk assessment; Cost-benefit analysis; International environmental; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10475

Pests and Agricultural Production under Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ameden,   Holly A.; Just,   David R.
Although the effect of climate change on agricultural pests has been studied by biologists, thus far, large-scale assessments of climate change and agriculture have not included the impact of pests. We develop a simple theoretical model of farmer-pest interaction under climate change and explore the potential impacts on land values.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20722

International Competitiveness and Environmental Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babool,   Md. Ashfaqul Islam; Reed,   Michael R.
This study follows the standard factor endowment approach to explain the effects of environmental regulations on net exports in different product-based industries. It constructs an econometric model which includes factor endowments and environmental regulations to examine how strict environmental policy impact export competitiveness. Cross-sectional and time series (panel) data for 6 countries and 17 years were used in this model. In this study, capital services increase net exports in labor-intensive industries like textiles, textile products, leather and footwear industries. The effects of increased labor intensity in food, textiles and machinery is higher than for other capital intensive good industries. The environmental regulation imposed in textile,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19496

POTENTIAL FARM-LEVEL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED FQPA IMPLEMENTATION: THE TENNESSEE CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ray,   Daryll E.; Slinsky,   Stephen P.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; Tiller,   Kelly.
This research estimates farm-level impacts of a potential ban on organophosphates and carbamates under the FQPA.  Insecticide expenditure and first- and fifth-year yield impacts are estimated for five Tennessee representative farms.  Results indicate that within five years, the ban could reduce net farm income on Tennessee farms by 16 to 46 percent.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: FQPA; Organophosphates; Carbamates; Insecticides; Farm-level analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21654

THE SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE AND COUNTRYSIDE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csete,   Laszlo.
It is increasingly obvious from our present  investigations that we can hope to escape the controversies of the present day globalizing world only via sustainability, creativity, development of alternative energy resources and people’s cohesion.  This applies particularly to the transitional problems of domestic agriculture arising from the change of political system in this country, where a systematic introduction of a sustainable regime for the development of agriculture and countryside would be especially desirable. The attainment of sustainability and countryside development is taking place simultaneously but independently in each country in the EU, but a deliberate combination of national strategies to draw on the advantages of interactions and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU regulations expected between 2007 and 2013; LEADER programs; Long term prevention of environment - várható EU szabályozók (2007-2013); LEADER programok; Környezet hosszú távú megőrzése; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54340

A Quality-Adjusted Cost Index for Estimating Future Consumer Surplus from Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655

Conservation Value
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper outlines the significance of the concept of conservation value and discusses ways in which it is determined paying attention to views stemming from utilitarian ethics and from deontological ethics. The importance of user costs in relation to economic decisions about the conservation and use of natural resources is emphasised. Particular attention is given to competing views about the importance of conserving natural resources in order to achieve economic sustainability. This then lends to a discussion of the value of conserving natural resources in order to meet the moral obligations of present generations to future generations. Anthropogenic views of the value of conserving natural resources (for example, derived from utilitarian ethics) are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic values; Conservation value; Deontological ethics; Ecocentric values; Economic sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Natural resources; Neo-Malthusianism; Precautionary motive; Sustainability; Sustainable development; User costs; Utilitarian ethics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q20; Q30; Q50; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90879

THE MARGINAL COST OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Wossink,   Ada.
A3_2
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental services; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93939

Friend or Foe? The Kyoto Protocol and the NZ Greenhouse Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barber,   Andrew; Parminter,   Irene.
The greenhouse sector has reinvented itself as a technologically advanced and relatively environmentally friendly industry over the past 15 years. However it remains a high energy user. Two recent surveys have highlighted the potential impact on greenhouse grower costs of the proposed emissions charge on fossil fuels. Growers may be unable to pass on the extra costs due to competition on domestic and export markets from non-Kyoto countries. It is likely that the emissions charge would accelerate the rationalisation of the industry that has already been occurring, and in addition may lead to more profound changes such as the relocation overseas of larger growers. This paper draws out the likely implications of the proposed charge for the greenhouse sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97780

Setting Permit Prices in a Transferable Discharge Permit (TDP) System for Water Quality Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collentine,   Dennis.
The composite market design is a proposal for a Transferable Discharge Permit (TDP) system which specifically includes agricultural non-point source (NPS) dischargers and addresses both property rights and transaction cost problems. The first step to implementation of a composite market scheme is the estimation of a supply curve for abatement measures in the catchment area. Estimation is performed by combining costs with modeled loss reductions from selected Best Management Practices (BMPs) and then using this information to estimate the supply curve for abatement which in turn can then be used to set permit prices. The Ronnea catchment in southern Sweden is used as a pilot study area for making this type of estimate. Costs for existing measures that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Catchment management; NPS; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24452

Spatially explicit farming system modelling for an efficient agri-environmental policy design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Havlik,   Petr; Bamiére,   Laure; Jacquet,   Florence; Millet,   Guy.
A mathematical programming model is developed and associated to a spatial pattern index (Ripley L-function) to analyse the optimal reserve design and implementation for the Little Bustard conservation in Plaine de Niort. The model structure corresponds to three spatial levels, fields, farm and landscape. Simple in terms of area representation it is detailed in term of farm behaviour and spatially explicit. The model is applied in a normative and in a positive way. The major findings of the normative approach relate to the trade-offs between the reserve pattern and its cost. It was found that the environmentally optimal reserve, which is randomly dispersed across the zone, is the most costly one. Within the positive approach, it is illustrated that the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Spatial optimization; Mathematical programming; Agri-environmental policies; Tetrax tetrax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6676

DISCUSSION: NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT - POTENTIAL IMPACT AND RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musser,   Wesley N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30034

Feeling the heat: Financial crises and their impact on global climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giedraitis,   Vincentas Rolandas; Girdenas,   Sarunas; Rovas,   Adomas.
This interdisciplinary paper uses world-systems analysis as a theoretical framework to argue that both the 1870s, 1930’s economic depressions reduced mean global temperatures. As global consumer demand fell, factories worldwide began producing less commodities and, as a result, emitted less greenhouse gasses. We find that in both instances there is evidence to support the hypothesis that financial crises lead to cooler temperatures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kondratiev waves; Schumpeter; World-systems analysis; Environmental economics; Global climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; N22; N50; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94609

MARKETABLE PERMIT DESIGNS FOR THE METHYL BROMIDE CRITICAL USE EXEMPTION REQUEST IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Hong Jin; Faulkner,   John; Widawsky,   David.
This paper analyzes potential cost savings to the U.S. agricultural sector associated with applying marketable permit designs for methyl bromide critical use exemptions (CUE), under the phase-out of methyl bromide.  A necessary condition for an efficient trading system is heterogeneity among methyl bromide users with respect to the costs of switching to potential alternative pest control measures, which would lead to cost savings from trading.  Using data on these costs from current methyl bromide users, the authors show that this necessary condition appears to be met, and characterize the potential cost savings that could occur if critical use permits can be traded from methyl bromide users with lower costs to those with higher costs.  Several potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21956

Equitable Distribution of CDM Projects Among Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silayan,   Alan.
The Clean Development Mechanism as a global flexible mechanism of the Kyoto protocol has a sound basis in theory which has led to its inclusion in the international climate regime. Current trends of the CDM show a clustering of projects towards a few larger developing countries. Contrary to the inclusion of more developing nations in the climate change process, present participation requirements of the CDM have unfortunately prevented 67% of developing nations from engaging in CDM projects. Distinct conditions among developing countries have led to different implementation circumstances. This, in turn, has triggered differences in the capacity to implement CDM projects. Moreover, project investors, in pursuit of an optimum investment portfolio, have had a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26098

Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection When Technological Innovation Is Endogenous
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.
This paper presents an analytical and numerical comparison of the welfare impacts of alternative instruments for environmental protection in the presence of endogenous technological innovation. We analyze emissions taxes and both auctioned and free (grandfathered) emissions permits. We find that under different sets of circumstances each of the three policies may induce a significantly higher welfare gain than the other two policies. In particular, the relative ranking of policy instruments can crucially depend on the ability of adopting firms to imitate the innovation, the costs of innovation, the slope and level of the marginal environmental benefit function, and the number of firms producing emissions. Moreover, although in theory the welfare impacts of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technological innovation; Externalities; Environmental policies; Welfare impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O38; H23.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10812

The Near-Term Impacts of Carbon Mitigation Policies on Manufacturing Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Ho,   Mun S.; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Zhang,   Xuehua.
Who will pay for new policies to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions in the United States? This paper considers a slice of the question by examining the near-term impact on domestic manufacturing industries of both upstream (economy-wide) and downstream (electric power industry only) carbon mitigation policies. Detailed Census data on the electricity use of four-digit manufacturing industries is combined with input-output information on interindustry purchases to paint a detailed picture of carbon use, including effects on final demand. This approach, which freezes capital and other inputs at current levels and assumes that all costs are passed forward, yields upper-bound estimates of total costs. The results are best viewed as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distribution of carbon mitigation costs; Industrial impacts of carbon policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10706

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE 2003 CAP REFORM AND THE NITRATE DIRECTIVE ON THE ARABLE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE MIDI-PYRÉNÉES REGION: BIO-ECONOMIC MODELING AT FIELD, FARM AND REGIONAL LEVELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louhichi,   Kamel; Belhouchette,   Hatem; Wery,   Jacques; Therond,   Olivier; Flichman,   Guillermo.
This paper analyses the impact of the 2003 CAP reform (the so-called Fischler Reform) and its interaction with the Nitrate Directive on the sustainability of selected arable farming systems in a French region (Midi-Pyrénées). The Nitrate Directive is one of the oldest EU environmental programs designed to reduce water pollution by nitrate from agricultural sources, through a set of measures, defined at regional level, and mandatory for farmers of vulnerable zones. This impact analysis is performed through a bio-economic modelling framework coupling the crop model CropSyst and the farm-based model FSSIM developed, within the EU FP6 SEAMLESS project (Van Ittersum et al., 2008). The 2003 CAP reform was compared first to the continuation of Agenda 2000...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Agricultural Policy; Nitrate Directive; Bioeconomic modelling; Multi-scale analysis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44826

An Analytic Hierarchy Process for The Evaluation of Transport Policies to Reduce Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berrittella,   Maria; Certa,   Antonella; Enea,   Mario; Zito,   Pietro.
Transport is the sector with the fastest growth of greenhouse gases emissions, both in developed and in developing countries, leading to adverse climate change impacts. As the experts disagree on the occurrence of these impacts, by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we have faced the question on how to form transport policies when the experts have different opinions and beliefs. The opinions of experts have been investigated by a means of a survey questionnaire. The results show that tax schemes aiming at promoting environmental-friendly transport mode are the best policy. This incentives public and environmental-friendly transport modes, such as car sharing and car pooling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10264

Regionale anticipatie Mestbeleid op Kaderrichtlijn Water
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaaff,   Aris; Koning,   M.J.
This report looks into the extent to which regions are able to take anticipatory measures in implementing the Manure Policy in preparation for the Water Framework Directive, which will be implemented in 2009. Alongside a literature search, regional anticipation was investigated by means of interviews and a workshop. The general conclusion from the research is that regional anticipation is worth the effort of further elaboration. The parties involved have indicated both limitations and preferences, but no serious objections have been expressed.  In dit rapport wordt onderzocht in hoeverre regio's met het uitvoeren van het Mestbeleid anticiperende maatregelen kunnen nemen om in te spelen op de Kaderrichtlijn Water, die in 2009 wordt ingevoerd. Naast...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29101

Federal Forest Policy and Community Prosperity in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Bruce A.; Chen,   Yong.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Amenities; Community Wealth; Federal Forest Policy; Income; Northern Spotted Owl; Northwest Forest Plan; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; R11; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122803

Does respondent’s perceived knowledge of the status quo affect attribute attendance and WTP in choice experiments? Evidence from the Karapiro Catchment Freshwater streams
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Dan; Mkwara,   Lena Asimenye; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
In environmental valuation studies with stated preference methods researchers often provide descriptions of status quo conditions which may differ from those perceived by respondents. Ignoring this difference in utility baselines may affect the way attributes are attended to in choice tasks and further affect the magnitude of utility changes and hence bias the implied estimates of benefits from the proposed environmental policies. We investigate this issue using data from a choice experiment on a community’s willingness to pay for water quality improvements in streams. About 60% of respondents perceived the description of the quality of water in streams to be better than the one we provided in our scenario. Our results show some differences in serial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Fixed status quo; People’s perceived status quo; Willingness to pay.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96809

Demand and price volatility: rational habits in international gasoline demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scott,   K. Rebecca.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gasoline demand; Rational habits; Price elasticity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; H30; Q40; Q41; Q50; R40.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121931

TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: AN ECONOMIC LITERATURE SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anriquez,   Gustavo.
This document attempts to organize and summarize the major developments of the trade and environment literature observed during the last ten years. Both the major theoretical and empirical contributions are presented and discussed. This includes an overview of the different methods economists have used to describe the environmental externalities, and decompose their welfare effects in open economies. Additionally, guided by the literature we review the policy implications in the presence of two distortions: price (tariff) and environmental, when policymakers are benevolent or are more lenient for certain political groups. Finally, a brief review to the critique of traditional economic research is presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28598

Resource Entitlements of Indigenous Minorities, Their Poverty and Conservation of Nature: Status of Australian Aborigines, Comparisons with India's Tribals, Theory and Changing Policies Globally
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Considers the relevance of A.K. Sen’s theory of entitlements to the situation facing indigenous tribal people, its relationship to institutionalism, and to theories of property rights. Changing world views about the resource entitlements that should be given to local communities are outlined concentrating on the views expressed by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). These changing views have relevance for the resource entitlements of indigenous tribal communities and are reflected in differences in the policy approaches inherent in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and the more recent Convention on Biological Diversity. The latter embodies the view that provision of greater resource entitlements to local communities can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55061

A Search Model for Joint Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bella,   Giovanni.
The aim of this paper is to present a search model in the field of environmental economics, where so-called clean and dirty producers enter the trading market, both looking for a partner with whom to exchange the goods they are endowed with. The model derived in this paper is rather simple. Nevertheless, it is able to produce a series of interesting results and useful insights, and is conveniently used here as a framework to explain the functioning of Joint Implementation programmes for polluting emissions’ reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Search theory; Market failures; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; O13; Q26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54356

The Impact of Settlement Design on Tropical Deforestation Rates and Resulting Land Cover Patterns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caviglia-Harris,   Jill L.; Harris,   Daniel.
Policymakers in the Brazilian Amazon face the challenge of meeting environmental and developmental goals as cities and towns within these tropical forests continue to face migration pressure. Alternative government planning strategies have been implemented to address forest clearing in conjunction with meeting social agendas. This paper uses panel estimation methods to investigate the impact of settlement design on land use. Results indicate that new settlement designs developed to further social interaction have had a negative impact on land cover and land use transformation. Thus, while new settlement designs appear to positively impact stated social goals, including greater contact between families and access to water and services, these social advances...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Land use/land cover change; Smart growth; Settlement design; Amazon; Brazil; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120290

Impact Of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Targets On Agricultural Activity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donnellan,   Trevor; Gillespie,   Patrick; Hanrahan,   Kevin F.
As part of its continuing commitment to address the causes of climate change, the EU has agreed reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be achieved by 2020. In the case of Ireland the target is a reduction of 20 percent relative to the 2005 level. Agriculture is a major source of GHG emissions in Ireland, comprising 26.8 percent of total GHG emissions in 2007. Understanding the scale and cost of the decrease in agricultural production required to achieve this reduction in GHG emissions is particularly important, as is the comparison of the cost of this approach with a range of possible other means of achieving emissions reductions in the sector. This study finds that, even with reduced fertiliser usage and more extensive production...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; GHG; Kyoto; Climate; Ireland; FAPRI; EU Gold Model; Abatements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q17; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51050

Sectoral Targets for Developing Countries: Combining "Common but Differentiated Responsibilities" with "Meaningful Participation"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamdi-Cherif,   Meriem; Guivarch,   Celine; Quirion,   Philippe.
Although a global cap-and-trade system is seen by many researchers as the most cost-efficient solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, developing countries governments refuse to enter into such a system in the short term. Hence, many scholars and stakeholders, including the European Commission, have proposed various types of commitments for developing countries that appear less stringent, such as sectoral approaches. In this paper, we assess such a sectoral approach for developing countries. More precisely, we simulate two policy scenarios in which developed countries continue with Kyoto-type absolute commitments, whereas developing countries adopt an emission trading system limited to electricity generation and linked to developed countries'...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sectoral Approach; Sectoral Target; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60685

Bewertung nicht-marktfähiger Leistungen der Landwirtschaft – eine Herausforderung für die Forschung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98079

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN VERTICALLY COORDINATED INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aggarwal,   Rimjhim; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Many notable pollution problems occur in industries where production is carried out under vertical coordination arrangements that are characterized by conditions of double moral hazard.  In contrast to situations characterized by full information, we show that standard prescriptions of environmental economics do not apply.  Imposing a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of pollution does not lead to the first best level of pollution.  The equilibrium levels of production and pollution are not independent of which agent is taxed.  Making either agent or the industry as a whole financially liable for full environmental damage at the margin similarly does not lead to a first best level of pollution.  On the contrary, under conditions of double moral...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28562

HYPOXIA: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz,   Robert J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33255

Environmental Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
This article, prepared for the forthcoming second edition of the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, provides an overview of the economics of environmental policy. Included are the setting of goals and targets, notably the Kaldor-Hicks criterion, and the related method of assessment known as benefit-cost analysis. Also reviewed are the means of environmental policy, that is, the choice of specific policy instruments, featuring an examination of potential criteria for assessing alternative instruments, with focus on cost-effectiveness. The theoretical foundations and experiential highlights of individual instruments are reviewed, including conventional command-and-control mechanisms and market-based instruments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Efficiency; Cost-effectiveness; Benefit-cost analysis; Market-based instruments; Tradeable permits; Pollution taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; K320; Q280; Q380; Q480.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10841

ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE, BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schubert,   Renate; Dietz,   Simon.
This paper deals with the question of whether for biodiversity an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists. In addition, we are interested in identifying the key determinants of the falling limb of such a curve. An Environmental Kuznets Curve here is understood to be a graphical representation of a function with the amount of environmental damages in a country as the dependent variable and with per capita income as the independent variable. The graph of this function is assumed to have the shape of an inverted U. As with the general case of environmental damages, the existence of an EKC for biodiversity cannot be proven empirically. On the contrary, an EKC for biodiversity seems rather not to exist. Given the rapid rate of depletion of species diversity,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18748

Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security: A Must For Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dittoh,   Saa; Abizari,   Abdul-Razak; Akuriba,   Margaret A.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) underscore an overriding importance of human development for sustained economic, social, political and other development, and nutrition is the beginning of human development. Nutrition has, however, not been viewed as a development imperative in many African countries. Agricultural and health policies, projects and programmes and the conduct of agricultural and health research in most African countries do not consider nutrition to any significant degree.  The paper argues that food production, poverty, malnutrition and health are very intricately linked and the result of that linkage is probably the most important determinant of development and, thus, the realization of the MDGs in Africa.  It also argues that it is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52217

Assessing Rural Women Food Producers Capacity to Adopt Modern ICTs – A case Study of the Mfantsiman District of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sampong,   D.D.; Egyir,   Irene Susana; Yaw,   Osei-Asare.
The traditional way of information dissemination has been through people; the modern way is through the electronic media – improved information and communication technologies (ICTs).  For effectiveness, modern ICTs should help women to improve on their income generating capacity.  Issues of level of resource capacity of women, information needed, and current sources of such information become important.  This study sought to investigate the issues above with respect to rural women food producers in the Mfantsiman District of Ghana.  Simple descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed in the data analysis of 91 randomly selected respondents.  The results of the study showed that: In general, the women food producers were aged, subsistence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Information and communication Technology; Ghana; Women; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52149

Gas Flaring Reduction in the Indonesian Oil and Gas Sector - Technical and Economic Potential of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Indriani,   Gustya.
Indonesia currently ranks as the world's 17th oil and 6th gas producer, but its production levels are slowly declining. In Indonesia, the oil companies may extract, process and market associated gas jointly with the State Oil and Gas Board. In addition, they are allowed to use associated gas in operations, as well as re-inject or flare gas that cannot be marketed. However, associated gas is still considered as a by-product of oil, which can disturb the oil flow. Due to the lack of markets, institutions and regulations, the associated gas is often simply flared instead of being used. Flaring currently amounts to about 5% of gas production and generates 10 million t CO2. On the company level, gas flaring data show that 80% of total GHG emission from flaring...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26096

Market Interactions, Farmer Choices, and the Sustainability of Growing Advanced Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Swinton,   Scott M.
Advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol are of great interest for their potential to supply a significant portion of U.S. fuel needs plus advantages over corn grain-based ethanol.  The sustainability of agriculture-based advanced biofuels depends on how farmers would respond in providing biomass feedstock, yet economic behavior by farmers has been under recognized by the science community.  Focusing on markets and policy incentives, this research shows that farmers are unlikely to convert current grain cropland to grow a dedicated cellulosic biomass crop such as switchgrass.  However, the financial incentives to harvest cellulosic biomass provided by the 2008 farm bill may stimulate corn production due to demand for corn grain for feed and ethanol and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Energy; Advanced biofuels; Corn; Land use; Switchgrass; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43634

The Value of Recreational Inshore Marine Fishing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Latham,   N.
The relative values of New Zealand commercial and recreational marine fishing are unknown. Value transfer is applied to assess the likely value of inshore marine recreational fishing. The few relevant studies available report widely differing estimates of value. However, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that the value of recreational fishing is of the same order of magnitude as commercial fishing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Value transfer; Recreational fishing; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115408

Revisiting Estimation of Agricultural Production Function for Sustainable Agricultural Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Evidence from Togo.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the bulk of agricultural output is produced by small holder farmers who continue to depend on rainfall. As such, agricultural economists often use average rainfall as a summative environmental indicator in estimating agricultural production function. This methodology is flawed. A close scrutiny of agricultural practices /agronomic sciences reveals that agricultural output is more determined by rainfall distribution than average rainfall. This relationship is explored in the Togolese context. The conclusion reached is that, between 1965 and 1992, intra-annual rainfall distribution measured by its standard of deviation has not been relevant in explaining the variation of food production in Togo due to the continuous degradation of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9534

Potential Scrub Changes and Its Spatial Allocation under the New Zealand Emission Trading System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Wei; Power,   William; Kerr,   Suzi.
Under the New Zealand Emission Trading System (NZETS), post-1989 forestry land (the exotic or indigenous forest land that was not used for plantation on 31 December 1989) in New Zealand is eligible for reward for each tonne of CO2-eqv sequestrated by reverting from pasture to indigenous scrub. We use the Land Use in Rural New Zealand (LURNZ) model to conduct 2 simulations assuming that one tonne of CO2-eqv costs $25; The reference case is that no one has entered the NZETS, the other scenario is that the whole agriculture sector and indigenous forest (but not plantation) have entered the ETS. Each simulation estimates the amount of land use changes in dairy, sheep-beef and scrub from 2008 to 2015. By comparing these simulations, we identify the current use...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission trading system; Scrub reversion; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50896

Marketed Outputs and Non-Marketed Outputs: The Marginal Costs of Producing Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wossink,   Ada; Sauer,   Johannes.
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, supplementary and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Green payments; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Program evaluation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60804

Climate Change Meets Trade in Promoting Green Growth: Potential Conflicts and Synergies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
To date, border adjustment measures in the form of emissions allowance requirements (EAR) under the U.S. proposed cap-and-trade regime are the most concrete unilateral trade measure put forward to level the carbon playing field. If improperly implemented, such measures could disturb the world trade order and trigger a trade war. Because of these potentially far-reaching impacts, this paper focuses on this type of unilateral border adjustment, which requires importers to acquire and surrender emissions allowances corresponding to the embedded carbon contents in their goods from countries that have not taken climate actions comparable to that of home country. This discussion is mainly on the legality of unilateral EAR under the WTO rules. Given that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Post-2012 climate negotiations; Border carbon adjustments; Carbon tariffs; Emissions allowance requirements; Cap-and-trade regime; Lieberman-Warner bill; Waxman-Markey bill; World Trade Organization; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59475

The Price and Economic Impact of the Walhalla Ethanol Plant on the North Dakota Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119571

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Laura L.; Norris,   Patricia E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33267

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND BUFFERS:  COMPARISONS OF FOUR SPATIAL SCENARIOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
Policymakers are seeking cost effective methods to reduce nutrient pollution from agriculture.  Predicted costs and pollution reductions from nutrient management and buffers are evaluated under four spatial scenarios describing a watershed.  Results will help policymakers evaluate alternative Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water quality protection in agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20069

THE DYNAMICS OF REINTRODUCING, SUPPLEMENTING AND CONTROLLING ENDANGERED PREDATOR POPULATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rondeau,   Daniel.
A dynamic model is developed to analyze the reintroduction of endangered predators.  Non-convexities and the conditions under which reintroduction is sub-optimal are studied.  Following reintroduction, costly population control should be initiated before marginal animals impose net costs, providing an economic interpretation to changes in the sign of the shadow price.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20812

Agri-Environmental Program Compliance in a Heterogeneous Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum.  But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement.  This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers.  While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring.  We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs.  An empirical simulation model suggests...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37797

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Lipper,   Leslie.
Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

Consumption Ozone-Depleting Substances Impact in Central American GDAP: An Input Oriented Malmquist DEA Index
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Contribution to Second Congress Rural Development.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist DEA Index; GDAP; ODS; Hydrochlorofluorocabons (HCFCs); Methyl bromide (Methyl Bromide); Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q51; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96677

Stakeholder Preferences for Water Management Alternatives in the Red River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torpen,   David R.; Hearne,   Robert R.
Effective and efficient water management implies understanding the wants and desires of the human populations through its key stakeholder groups.  As a valuable resource that involves many regulating and managing players, the Red River of the North basin is an excellent case for studying stakeholder preferences and presenting them to involved managers.  The primary goal of this research was to analyze stakeholder preferences for hypothetical Red River basin fresh water management alternatives.  Specific objectives included comparing preferences across key stakeholder groups and estimating residents’ willingness to pay for additional water management programs.     Initial experts’ and focus group meetings were used to select appropriate attributes and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Stakeholder analysis; Red River of the North; Stated preferences; Water resources management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36774

The influence of cultural identity on willingness to pay values in contingent valuation surveys
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awatere,   Shaun.
Current New Zealand resource management legislation requires local government actively recognise and take into account Māori values in resource management planning. This means the decision process and participants must interact with evidence based on Māori epistemologies. The Māori world-view is holistic in nature in that it embodies historical, environmental, and spiritual values, as well as modern experiences. Concerns arise for Māori communities when planners and developers utilise economic tools such as willingness to pay surveys to determine the total value of a proposed project. Other concerns are caused by surveys that ask a participant “are you Māori” and fail to recognise the diverse realities that exist for Māori. This paper draws from a survey...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Māori; Indigenous; Culture; Natural Resource Management; Well-being; Values; Contingent Valuation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98522

Health Services and Disease Profile of Hyderabad City. A Pilot Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prasad,   Sheela; Ramachandraiah,   C.
The objective of this study was to primarily get an overview of the availability health services and disease patterns in Hyderabad.  Some broad picture has emerged as an outcome of this study but it needs to be again mentioned that this is only an incomplete picture as a lot of health data is not represented in this study due to non-availability. A major observation of this study is that data on health in Hyderabad is sketchy and no complete data bank on health is available.  Nonetheless, the major outcomes of the study indicate some important trends that need to be highlighted and considered for further research. 1. Distribution of health services in the city is not uniform.  Private health care is more used and spread over the city, outnumbering...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36943

The Certainty of Confronting Uncertainty in the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Effort
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hershner,   Carlton.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Restoration; TMDL; Chesapeake Bay; Adaptive Management; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q00; Q01; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117401

Health Risk of Heating Fuel Choice: A Simultaneity Causality Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zheng; Pagoulatos,   Angelos; Hu,   Wuyang.
Combustion-generated pollutants, principally those from solid-fuels including biomass and coal when cooking and heating, bring out a significant public health hazard in both developed and developing countries. Most of the existing studies addressing this issue focus on developing countries, and on exposure when cooking rather than heating. By using Kentucky rural data, this research explores the health risk associated with heating fuel choice. Given the simultaneity between heating fuel choice and prevalence of asthma and allergy, we obtain the instrumental variable (IV) estimate for Logit models through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). After correcting for simultaneity bias, we do not find strong evidence supporting the causal relationship between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Combustion-generated pollutants; Indoor air pollution; Heating fuel choice; Health risk; GMM-IV Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Q53; I18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56532

Optimal control of spatial-dynamic processes: The case of biological invasions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epanchin-Niell,   Rebecca S.; Wilen,   James E.
This study examines the spatial nature of optimal bioinvasion control. We develop and parameterize a spatially explicit two-dimensional model of species spread that allows for differential control across space and time, and we solve for optimal control strategies. We find that the qualitative nature of optimal strategies depend in interesting ways on aspects of landscape and invasion geometry. For example, we show that reducing the extent of exposed invasion edge, through spread, removal, or strategically employing landscape features, can be an optimal strategy because it reduces long-term containment costs. We also show that optimal invasion control is spatially and temporally “forward-looking” in the sense that strategies should be targeted to slow the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Spatial-dynamic processes; Spatial spread; Reaction-diffusion; Management; Cellular automaton; Eradication; Containment; Spatial control; Integer programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q; Q1; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61375

Sustainability Issues and Socio-Economic Change in the Jingpo Communities of China: Governance, Culture and Land Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuge,   Ren; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Land-Use; Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53596

ASSESSING IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLE: AN ECONOMIC EXAMINATION OF SUBSISTENCE RESOURCE USE AND VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dosman,   Donna; Haener,   Michel K.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Marois,   Juanita; Boxall,   Peter C.
The report describes the research design, data collection and preliminary analysis of an economic assessment of non-timber resource use by Aboriginal People in Northwest Saskatchewan.  The project is designed to develop methods of valuing resource use by Aboriginal People so that these values can be incorporated into forest resource management decisions and to evaluate the impact of forest management actions on the economic well-being of Aboriginal People living in the region.  Data on non-timber resource use are collected and spatially explicit economic models are developed in order to construct estimates of behavioral change and value associated with changes in the environment and landscape (through forestry, access, or other landscape changes).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24034

Coastal planning in North Shore City, New Zealand: Developing responsible coastal erosion policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Amanda.
North Shore City’s coastline has been subject to intensive development pressure over the last 15 years. In this time, new developments have established along previously undeveloped areas of coastline and existing sites have redeveloped with much larger houses. This paper provides a description of the planning controls that currently affect coastal development and an assessment of the effectiveness of these controls. This is followed by an analysis of the role of local government in controlling future development. Contention arises when attempts are made to control the property rights of landowners to protect their properties from coastal erosion. The impacts of private coastal protection works on the coastline have wider impacts than their immediate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coast; Erosion; Planning; Cost; Benefit; Development; Protection; Structures.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59260

The Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas 2011 -2012
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: ECLAC; FAO; IICA.
Since late 2010 and continuing into 2011, price volatility, in relation to basic agricultural commodities, has occupied center stage on the agendas of decision makers.  An additional concern has been uncertainty about a new global economic crisis in the wake of the macroeconomic difficulties experienced in the economies of several European countries and the United States.  In recent months, this situation has been compounded by the food crisis in the Horn of Africa --a reminder of the extremely vulnerable conditions under which broad segments of the world population continue to live.  This third edition of Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas: a Perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean is an informational and analytical tool...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119195

Az öntözéses gazdálkodásról a Tisza-tó és a nagykunsági öntözőrendszert ellátó főcsatorna átadásának 30. évfordulóján
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lengyel,   Lajos.
Az öntözés mint agrotechnikai tényező a mezőgazdasági termelés intenzifi kálásának egyik eszköze és lehetősége. Bevezetése többletberuházással, nagyobb ráfordításokkal oldható meg. Öntözéssel a természetes csapadékellátás ingadozásai csökkenthetők, a termelés biztonsága és a hozamok növelhetők. Alkalmazását az üzemi feltételek és célok mellett makrogazdasági és klimatikus hatások is indokolják. Az elmúlt fél évszázad hazai öntözésfejlesztésében a Tiszalöki, a Kiskörei Vízlépcső és Öntözőrendszerei tervezése, kivitelezése és működtetése napjainkban is sok hasznosítható tanulsággal és tapasztalattal szolgál, mint például a komplex szemléletű térségi, üzemi vízgazdálkodás és öntözésfejlesztés, az állami beavatkozás a tervek összehangolásától az üzemi...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Öntözéses gazdálkodás; Öntözésfejlesztés; Klímaváltozás; Komplex szemlélet; Támogatások; Irrigation; Irrigated farming; Development of irrigation; Climate change; Holistic view; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58604

Protecting the Booroolong Frog in the Namoi Catchment: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greyling,   Tertius; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
The Booroolong frog project in the Namoi Catchment represents an environmental investment to protect the species and around 10.7 kilometres of its habitat in the catchment. The project’s benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 8.6 indicates that the benefits outweigh the costs by a significant margin. The measures introduced by landholders, at relatively low cost, should therefore result in a significant return on investment upon project completion in 10 years time. The benefits are estimated using a choice modelling study which was recently developed for the valuation of investment in natural resource management in the Namoi Catchment. As this is a largely ex ante cost-benefit analysis, the BCR is subject to uncertainty associated with assumptions which had to be...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Benefit-cost ratio; Choice modelling; Booroolong Frog; Namoi Catchment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107851

Recent and Emerging Water Policy Reforms in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bjornlund,   Henning.
In the past, the water industry met new demand by increasing supply. In many instances governments provided excessive and free supply in pursuit of political objectives such as settlement of remote land. These policies generated inefficient and low-value use and in many instances created environmental problems. Sometime during the 1970s, community concern over the environmental impact and rising marginal costs of increasing supply caused the emergence of a shift in policy paradigms towards demand management, under which increased demand can only be satisfied through a reallocation of existing scarce resources between competing users. Australia is one of the countries in the world that has most comprehensively pursued this new policy paradigm, and provides...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46363

RISK, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Michael J.; Osteen,   Craig D.; Soule,   Meredith J.
Nearly all farm business ventures involve financial risk. In some instances, private and public tools used to manage financial risks in agriculture may influence farmers' production decisions. These decisions, in turn, can influence environmental quality. This bulletin summarizes research and provides some perspective on private and public attempts to cope with financial risks and their unintended environmental consequences. Specifically, it examines the conceptual underpinnings of risk-related research, challenges involved with measuring the consequences of risk for agricultural production decisions, government programs that influence the risk and return of farm businesses, and how production decisions influence both the environment and the risk and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Risk; Agricultural production; Government programs; Environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33563

Influences of Knowledge of Wildlife Species on Patterns of Willingness to pay for their Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Examines the influence of respondents’ knowledge of wildlife species on their willingness to pay for conservation of the individual species.  It does so by using data generated by surveys of 204 individuals who participated in a structured experiment in which their knowledge of a selected set of wildlife species was increased.  The species selected were Australian ones, mostly but not entirely, tropical ones.  The species were divided into three taxa for the experiment; reptiles, mammals and birds.  Each set of species in the taxa included some species expected to be poorly known initially and some anticipated to be well known.  Respondents rated their knowledge of each species on a Likert scale, and changes in their average allocation of funds for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Contingent valuation; Environmental education; Environmental valuation; Knowledge; Wildlife conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48972

APPLYING BIOSOLIDS: ISSUES FOR VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Faulkner,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14854

Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: A dynamic assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Rozakis,   Stelios.
We examine the spatial and dynamic implications of policies aimed at encouraging carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. We consider incentive mechanisms to encourage the planting of energy multi-annual crops that allow higher carbon sequestration rates for a longer period of time. By using a dynamic micro-economic model, we simulate the sequence of crop plantings over a given time horizon and investigate different payment mechanisms (per-ton or per-hectare). We discuss their implications in terms of regulation policy and efficiency.  This model is then applied to the Central Plains of Thessaly, Greece to assess the marginal costs of carbon sequestration and the optimal timing of switching to multi-annual energy crops. To do so, we couple the dynamic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21913

The Effect of Climate Change on Transportation Flows and Inland Waterways Due to Climate-Induced Shifts in Crop Production Patterns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Attavanich,   Witsanu; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Fuller,   Stephen W.; Vedenov,   Dmitry V.; Ahmedov,   Zafarbek.
This study was funded by the the University Transportation Center for Mobility, Texas Transportation Institute
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Grain Transportation; Climate change and agriculture; Climate change and transportation; Land use change; Supply of grain; Demand for grain; Crop production patterns; Inland waterways; Mississippi River Basin; Climate change adaptation; Welfare distribution; Corn transportation; Soybeans transportation; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; C61; L91; L92; Q15; Q17; Q54; R14; R41; R13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109241

Small forests, big ambitions and a hard reality - Community Forestry in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rai,   Chandra; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; MacDonald,   Ian.
Community forestry in Nepal is intended to reduce poverty by sustainable management of forests. Timber is one of the most high-value forest products, especially in the case of Sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the Terai region of Nepal. Despite having several advantages, including high value forests on fertile land, connection with transportation networks, and being close to regional markets, community forests in the Terai region produce little or no timber from their Sal forests. This research looks at what is affecting the production of Sal timber from community forests. Three aspects of community forest user groups (CFUG) are examined using institutional economics, transaction cost economics and micro-economics. First, the scale of CFUG operations is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community forest user group; Institutional economics; Transaction cost economics; Cooperatives; Contractual arrangement; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96833

Strategic Choice of International Emissions Trading Scheme in an Open Economy with Perfect Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boom,   Jan Tjeerd.
Emissions trading can be organized in several ways. In particular, private emissions trading can be organized as permit trading, or as credit trading. The schemes have a different impact on output with credit trading leading to a higher output level than permit trading. This paper analyzes what the optimal choice of emissions trading scheme is in a model with international trade and perfect competition in the product and emission quota market. Furthermore, I discuss whether it is optimal for the country to allow its firms to trade emissions internationally. The paper shows that countries want to use these schemes in different circumstances, depending on whether they import or export the good. Furthermore, it is shown that in several cases, countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Emissions trading; Credit trading; International trade; Perfect competition; Strategic behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; F10; L51; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24196

Economics, Corporate Sustainability and Social Responsibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
It is often argued that corporate sustainability requires a corporation to make a profit, to act in a socially responsible manner and to engage in policies that are environmentally sustainable. This is sometimes called the corporation’s triple bottom line. In this paper it is argued that in practice profitability or more general maintaining economic variability constitutes a corporation’s bottom line and that it is limited by this consideration in showing social responsibility and in acting with environmental responsibility. Because of the nature of market competition, it is argued that government intervention is often required to ensure that corporations act in a socially responsible and environmentally acceptable way. In fact, such intervention is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate sustainability; Environmental responsibility; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90618

Updated version of final design and of the architecture of SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rizzoli,   Andrea E.; Wien,   J.J.F.; Knapen,   Rob; Ruinelli,   Lorenzo; Athanasiadis,   Ioannis; Jonsson,   Benny.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57935

A Scientific Review of the Impact of UK Ruminant Livestock on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hopkins,   Alan; Lobley,   Matt.
Climate change is a subject of global environmental concern. The UK has seen a progressive strengthening of political resolve to address the problems associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), principally carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Although agriculture globally, and ruminant livestock production in particular, is a net contributor to GHG emissions, generalizations about impacts on climate change often fail to distinguish between different systems of production, advances in technology, and the role of extensive grazing lands in contributing to ecological services and food production in situations where other forms of farming are impractical. Against this background, the overall aim of this review was therefore to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Ruminant Livestock; Greenhouse Gases; UK; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61030

An Experimental Analysis of a Points-Based System for Managing Multispecies Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Christopher M.
An industry group has proposed a novel system for managing the Northeast Multispecies Fishery. Each harvester would be endowed with a budget of points, and each species would have a “point price,” or number of points that must be paid out of his budget when landing that species. By varying the point prices throughout the season, management could redirect effort across species. This paper presents a benchmarked experimental testbed of this management system, and shows that harvesters do respond to point prices, which can be chosen to support harvest of most of the allowable catch of each species without severely over-harvesting any of them.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multispecies fishery; Points system; Economic experiment; Quota; Derby; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90830

The Environment for Agricultural and Agribusiness Investment in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Maurice R.
Despite strong overall economic growth and strengthening food demand, investment in Indian agriculture and agribusiness has remained sluggish, and growth in farm output has slowed, since the early 1990s. An array of policies and regulations affecting agricultural production, marketing, and food processing—along with weak infrastructure and a lack of market services—have discouraged private investment by farmers and large, vertically integrated agribusinesses. The policy environment has grown more investor friendly since the late 1990s and private investment appears to be responding, but significant barriers remain and the pace of future reforms remains uncertain.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Investment; Trade policy; Domestic policy; Infrastructure; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58628

Test Scenarios for Global and Country Level Analysis, including baseline
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57933

Linking Farmers to Markets: The Case of Grain Marketing Information in Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odendo,   Martins; De Groote,   Hugo.
Market liberalization created a situation where there are no guaranteed grain prices, no central information source and the need for marketing information increased. Unfortunately, most farmers have little or no access to marketing information. This study evaluates farmers’ perceptions of importance of marketing information; identifies farmers’ sources of grain marketing information; determine farmers’ confidence in and use of marketing information; and assesses determinants farmers’ willingness (WTP) to pay for marketing information. Data used in this study were generated using a structured questionnaire in a survey that covered a random sample of 120 households in traditionally grain surplus-and deficit zones of Kenya. The data were analyzed by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmer; Grains; Logit; Markets.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52144

A BARGAINING FRAMEWORK FOR THE GLOBAL COMMONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bromley,   Daniel W.
The global commons represents a class of environmental problems that require international cooperation.  Global environmental problems arise because the actions of some individuals or governments in one location hold serious implications for individuals and governments in other locations.  There are global environmental policy problems because adversely-affected individuals (and governments) attempt to alter the behaviors of those responsible for global pollution.  We develop a framework with which to analyze such global environmental problems.  Our goal is to craft a resource management policy that will satisfy both those who seek a change and those who prefer the current situation.  This environmental incentive policy will align the interests of the two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11899

Modelling Economic Impacts of Alternative International Climate Policy Architectures. A Quantitative and Comparative Assessment of Architectures for Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper provides a quantitative comparison of the main architectures for an agreement on climate policy. Possible successors to the Kyoto protocol are assessed according to four criteria: economic efficiency; environmental effectiveness; distributional implications; and their political acceptability which is measured in terms of feasibility and enforceability. The ultimate aim is to derive useful information for designing a future agreement on climate change control.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Integrated Modelling; International Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44535

Can virtual water 'trade' reduce water scarcity in semi-arid countries? The case of Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrido,   Alberto; Novo,   Paula; Rodriguez Casado,   Roberto; Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo.
Agricultural trade is by far the largest vehicle to ‘move’ water virtually around the world. Observing that most countries import and export water embedded in the exchanged products, the objective of this study is to assess the virtual water ‘trade’ in Spain for the period 1997-2006. We differentiate between the green and blue components of virtual water from a hydrological and economic perspective. The combination of spatial and time dimensions offers a unique empirical setting to determine whether virtual water ‘trade’ can contribute to reduce water scarcity. The study reveals that Spain is a net ‘importer’ of virtual water. By far the largest virtual water ‘imports’ are linked to cereals and animal feed products whilst the virtual water ‘exports’ are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Virtual water ‘trade’; Farm trade; Water scarcity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q17; Q25; Q27; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51048

The Changing Politics of Agriculture and the Environment: What Role for Agricultural Economists?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boggess,   William G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60349

Measuring the Cost-effectiveness of Conservation Auctions Relative to Alternate Policy Mechanisms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Benedict; Burton,   Michael P.
The principle motivation for using price-discriminating conservation auctions is that they are expected to be significantly more cost-effective than fixed-price mechanisms.  This paper measures cost effectiveness for tenders from two rounds of the Auction for Landscape Recovery in Western Australia relative to counterfactual fixed-price mechanisms.  If we assume that the bid equals the compliance cost, the auction gives a significant cost saving over fixed-price mechanisms.  If instead we assume that bids include an element of rent, fixed-price mechanisms can be more cost effective than the auction.  The significance of these results is that a fixed price scheme may achieve a similar level of cost effectiveness to a conservation auction, when one or more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Conservation; Bio-diversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97798

Urban Environmental Health and Sensitive Populations: How Much are the Italians Willing to Pay to Reduce Their Risks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Chiabai,   Aline.
We use contingent valuation to elicit WTP for a reduction in the risk of dying for cardiovascular and respiratory causes, the most important causes of premature mortality associated with heat wave and air pollution, among the Italian public. The purpose of this study is three-fold. First, we obtain WTP and VSL figures that can be applied when estimating the benefits of heat advisories, other policies that reduce the mortality effects of extreme heat, and environmental policies that reduce the risk of dying for cardiovascular and respiratory causes. Second, our experimental study design allows us to examine the sensitivity of WTP to the size of the risk reduction. Third, we examine whether the WTP of populations that are especially sensitive to extreme heat...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12232

INCREASED RESERVOIR BENEFITS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Hellerstein,   Daniel.
The objective of this research is to value soil conservation's impact on reservoirs. Using a model based on replacement cost, we estimate the benefits gained by marginal decreases in soil erosion for more than 75,000 reservoirs across the contiguous States. We aggregate benefits across the reservoirs within each of the 2,111 U.S watersheds in order to produce regional benefit estimates. Results show that a one-ton reduction in soil erosion provides benefits ranging from zero to $1.67. Our estimated model can be used to assess conservation benefits. For example, the lower level of soil erosion in 1997, relative to the 1982 level, preserved $139 million in reservoir benefits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19942

Cost of Maintaining CRP in Presence of Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Haixiao; Khanna,   Madhu; Yang,   Xi.
We analyze the effect of an emergence of biofuel industry on the Conservation Reserve Program. The government expenditure on Conservation Reserve Program needs to increase dramatically to keep the current scale of CRP program when the biofuel industry is considered. We propose that the development of bioenergy crops on expiring CRP land is a potential way to reconcile the conflict between a sharp increase in government CRP budget and its environmental protection goal. CRP program can also be combined with the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) to achieve the goal of environmental protection and low carbon society at the same time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Soil Rental Rate; Bioenergy Crops; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103829

The Net Benefit of Saving the Asian Elephant: A Policy and Contingent Valuation Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Reports results from a contingent valuation survey of willingness to pay for the conservation of the Asian elephant of a sample of urban residents living in three selected housing schemes in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Face–to–face surveys were conducted using an interview schedule. A non-linear logit regression model is used to analyse the respondents’ responses for the payment principle questions and to identify the factors that influence their responses. We investigate whether urban residents’ willingness to pay for the conservation of elephants is sufficient to compensate farmers for the damage caused by elephants. We find that the beneficiaries (the urban residents) could compensate losers (the farmers in the areas affected by human–elephant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Elephas maximus; Elephant conservation; Willingness to pay; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48968

Development pattern of circular economy in Jiangsu coastland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Liang.
Circular economy is an effective development pattern to balance economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Based on apprehending the connotation of circular economy, this paper fully considers and studies on the future trends in this area according to the theory of circular economy and the empirical circumstances of Jiangsu Coastland. This paper also discusses the circular economy development pattern adopted by Jiangsu coastland during economic and social development from the aspects of the growth of industry, agriculture, tourism and the construction of circular society.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Development pattern; Circular economy; Jiangsu coastland; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53474

Irrigation Restriction and Biomass Market Interactions: The Case of the Alluvial Aquifer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Michael P.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Vickery,   Gina B.
The U.S. Geological Survey has determined that irrigation in Arkansas’ Delta is unsustainable. This study examines how irrigation restrictions would affect county net returns to crop production. It also considers the effect of planting less water-intensive bioenergy crops—switchgrass and forage sorghum—in the event biofuel markets become a reality. Results suggest that sustainable irrigation restrictions without bioenergy crops would decrease producer returns by 28% in the region. Introducing these alternative crops would both reduce groundwater use and may restore state producer returns, albeit with significant spatial income redistribution to crop production throughout the state.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass crops; Ground water irrigation; Spatial income redistribution; Sustainability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q24; Q25; Q32; Q42; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57150

An Experimental Economic Analysis of Carbon Trading Options for Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   John G.; Grainger,   Corinne.
Australia is currently developing a carbon emissions trading program. The Garnaut report recommendations include options for emissions trajectories, coverage, permit allocation, inter-temporality, governance and compliance. This paper reports the results of a series of economic experiments in which we explored spot and future markets given high and low levels of carbon credit reductions. The results provide important insights to the current debate in Australia and highlight the importance of well crafted market design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon trading; Emissions trading; Future markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96661

The Environmental Kuznets Curve in a World of Irreversibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prieur,   Fabien.
We develop an overlapping generations model where consumption is the source of polluting emissions. Pollution stock accumulates with emissions but is partially assimilated by nature at each period. The assimilation capacity of nature is limited and vanishes beyond a critical level of pollution. We first show that multiple equilibria exist. More importantly, some exhibit irreversible pollution levels although an abatement activity is operative. Thus, the simple engagement of maintenance does not necessarily suffice to protect an economy against convergence toward a steady state having the properties of an ecological and economic poverty trap. In contrast with earlier related studies, the emergence of the environmental Kuznets curve is no longer the rule....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Overlapping Generations; Irreversible Pollution; Poverty Trap; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; D62; D91.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9546

Examining Point-Nonpoint Trading Ratios for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation with a Spatial-Temporal Optimization Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xiaobing; Fletcher,   Jerald J.
A trading ratio is required for water quality trading that involves nonpoint sources to compensate for the difficulty of determining nonpoint loadings, the stochastic characteristics of nonpoint loadings, and the uncertainty inherent in nonpoint source pollution control strategies. Compensating for risk and uncertainty is one of the primary justifications that a trading ratio greater than one is commonly considered. However, the appropriate specific value of a trading ratio remains unclear because of qualitative differences between point and nonpoint sources. This study addresses a growing concern with the analytical underpinnings of point/nonpoint trading ratios in water quality trading programs. This paper considers a basic spatial-temporal optimal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Point-nonpoint water quality trading; Trading ratio; Acid mine drainage; Spatial-temporal optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19231

Comparing a best management practice scorecard with an auction metric to select proposals in a water quality tender
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
The focus of this paper is to compare different evaluation frameworks for selecting landholder proposals to improve water quality. The case study is a water quality tender performed in the Burdekin region in Northern Australia in 2007/2008 where bids could be assessed using an inputs-based best management practice scorecard or an outputs-based auction metric. The scorecard approach and other variants of multi-criteria analysis are commonly applied in grant schemes, where landholder proposals are rated by a range of inputs-based criteria. Output-based approaches are typically applied in water quality and conservation tenders, where an environmental benefits index is constructed to summarise the cost-effectiveness of each proposal. The case study evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59262

Multi-Sector Sustainability in Agroecosystem Environments: Using Value Function Iteration for Numerical Solutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Craig A.
Using the numerical technique of value iteration, this paper imposes several sustainability constraints on a simple multi-sector agroecosystem model, and provides analysis of the costs tradeoffs within and between generations. Results show that internalization of a stock externality is insufficient for intergenerationally equitable welfare paths, while sustaining a physical resource over time in the interests of equitability can result in a less equitable distribution of welfare across generations. Furthermore, a value sustainability constraint imposed on the social welfare maximization problem acts as a welfare transfer mechanism from the productive sector to the sector affected by the externality, but implies growth in profits for the productive sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21039

A Good Opening: The Key to Make the Most of Unilateral Climate Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; De Cian,   Enrica.
In this paper we argue that when a subgroup of countries cooperate on emission reduction, the optimal response of non-signatory countries reflects the interaction between three potentially opposing factors, the incentive to free-ride on the benefits of cooperation, the incentive to expand the demand of fossil fuels, and the incentive to adopt cleaner technologies introduced by the coalition. Using an Integrated Assessment Model with a game theoretic structure we find that cost-benefit considerations would lead OECD countries to undertake a moderate, but increasing abatement effort (in line with the pledges subscribed in Copenhagen). Even if emission reductions are moderate, OECD countries find it optimal to allocate part of their resources to energy...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology Spillovers; Climate Change; Partial Cooperation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q55; C72.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119104

Designing contingent valuation scenarios for environmental health: The case of childhood asthma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Sylvia J.; Lavin,   Felipe Vasquez; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Valuation of morbidity associated with childhood asthma is significant both to policy and to non-market valuation methodologies. Our results show that household perceptions and beliefs, such as belief in one’s ability to predict and control asthma attacks, and relative perceptions of the overall burden asthma places on a family, have a larger impact on valuation than traditional measures of asthma severity. More generally, our approach can be applied to other chronic illnesses as well, such as diabetes or chronic pain.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental health; Children; Health risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47077

Generating Revenues from WTP for Ecosystem Restoration: An Auction Experiment on Public Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Elizabeth C.; Swallow,   Stephen K.
Research on public good auctions is intended to initiate development on new approaches to finance public goods, beyond government and philanthropic efforts. The researchers evaluate the potential to identify economic value for a subset of ecosystem services and markets that have the potential to provide for them. Empirical analysis focuses on public valuation for three specific types of ecosystem activities (bird habitat, sea grass restoration and shellfish restoration) in coastal Virginia. Data was collected using a field experiment employing an experimental auction approach with mechanisms to reduce free riding often seen in the experimental economics literature. These incentive mechanisms are applied to individual restoration activities and willingness...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental economics; Valuation; Public goods; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61654

Forecasting of New Zealand whole milk powder prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forbes,   Rod.
This paper explains a short term forecasting approach that uses whole milk powder prices from Fonterra’s globalDairyTrade. The latter provides forward contract prices eight months out from each event. The cumulative impact of up to seven successive events provides reasonable expectations around future turning points for Statistics New Zealand’s FOB export prices expressed in United States dollars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Whole milk powder; GlobalDairyTrade; Price forecasting; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96945

The Law and Economics of Habitat Conservation: Lessons from an Analysis of Easement Acquisitions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James; Caballero,   Kathryn; Simpson,   R. David.
There is a growing interest in incentive-based policies to motivate conservation by landowners. These policies include full- and partial-interest land purchases, tax-based incentives, and tradable or bankable development rights. Using legal and economic analysis, the paper explores potential pitfalls associated with the use of such policies. Incentive-based policies promise to improve the cost effectiveness of habitat preservation, but only if long-run implementation issues are meaningfully addressed. While we compare conservation policies, particular attention is devoted to the use of conservation easements and in particular a set of easement contracts and transactions in the state of Florida. The easement analysis highlights the importance of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Habitat conservation; Conservation easements; Land use policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; K11; R52.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10587

A megújuló és a fosszilis energiahordozók szerepe Magyarországon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magda,   Robert.
A magyar gazdaság energiaszükségletében meghatározóak a fosszilis eredetű tüzelőanyagok – kőolaj, földgáz, kőszén, illetve ezek származékai –, amelyek kimerülőben vannak, így növelik függőségünket, károsítják környezetünket. Ezért fokozott figyelmet kell fordítani az alternatív energiaforrásokra, amelyekről ma még az a véleményünk, hogy kimeríthetetlenek, kevésbé károsítják Földünket. A kutatók számára ma az jelent feladatot, hogy ezen erőforrások felhasználásának korlátait felkutassák, feltárják. Az előrelépés egyik tényezője a finanszírozásban keresendő, mert annak ellenére, hogy mintegy évtizede az aktuális kormányok folyamatosan hirdetik részarányuk növelésének szükségességét, a megfelelő – a társadalom nagy többsége számára elérhető – támogatási...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Fosszilis és megújuló energiahordozók; Szűkösség; Fenntarthatóság; Fossil and renewable resources; Scarcity; Sustainability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119897

The Viability of Creating Wetlands for the Sale of Carbon Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   LeRoy T.
This analysis estimates the profitability of restoring wetlands for the sale of carbon offsets. Results indicate that about 7% to 12% of the recently restored grassed wetlands of the prairie pothole and high plains regions and 20% to 35% of the forested wetlands of the Mississippi alluvial valley and Gulf-Atlantic coastal flats regions could have carbon offset values that exceed the cost of restoring the wetland and the opportunity cost of moving the land out of agricultural production. Given the uncertainties, the analysis applies conservative estimates of wetlands’ costs, offset prices, and wetlands’ effects on greenhouse gases.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon markets; Carbon sequestration; Offsets; Wetland restoration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54551

INOVACOES AGROECOLOGICAS NO NORDESTE DE MINAS GERAIS: O CASO DOS SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DO ALTO JEQUITINHONHA.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayres,   Eduardo Barbosa; Ribeiro,   Eduardo Magalhaes.
The agroforest systems - SAFs - allow the balance between production and biodiversity conservation. The objective of this paper is to measure the results and impacts of SAFs in Alto Jequitinhonha, in the Northeastern region of Minas Gerais, investigating features related to the household organization and management and conservation of natural resources. The research work was performed in 18 rural communities of five towns by means of interviews with 33 household farmers, named “monitors”, belonging to the acting base of the Centro de Agricultura Alternativa Vicente Nica (Vicente Nica Alternative Agriculture Center) – CAV – a non-governmental organization which acts in programs of rural development in the region. It was realized that SAFs have contributed...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultura familiar; Vale do Jequitinhonha; Sistemas agroflorestais; Household farming; Vale do Jequitinhonha; Agroforest systems; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102026

Testing environmental and health pesticide use risk indicators. The case of potato production in Boyacá, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feola,   Giuseppe; Rahn,   Eric; Binder,   Claudia R.
Tropentag 2010 ETH Zurich, September 14 - 16, 2010 Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide risk; Indicators; Sustainability; Health; Environment; Colombia; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117650

Economics of Forest Ecosystem Carbon Sinks: A Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Sohngen,   Brent.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. In this study, we review issues related to the use of terrestrial forestry activities to create CO2 offset credits. To gain a deeper understanding of the confusing empirical studies of forest projects to create carbon credits under Kyoto, we employ meta-regression analysis to analyze conditions under which forest activities generate CO2-emission reduction offsets at competitive ‘prices’. In particular, we examine 68 studies of the costs of creating carbon offsets using forestry. Baseline estimates of costs of sequestering carbon are some US$3–$280 per tCO2, indicating that the costs of creating CO2-emission offset credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Kyoto Protocol; Meta-regression analysis; Carbon-uptake costs; Forest sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; H43; C19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37037

Climate Change Impacts on Waterfowl Habitat in Western Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107094

PUBLIC POLICY EDUCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barron,   James C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17476

Green House Gases and Carbon Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington DC, May 27, 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap and trade; Agriculture; Offsets; Credits; Sequestration; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50493

Politics and Economics of Second-Best Regulation of Greenhouse Gases:  The Importance of Regulatory Credibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Victor,   David G.
Modellers have examined a wide array of ideal-world scenarios for regulation of greenhouse gases.  In this ideal world, all countries limit emissions from all economic sectors; regulations are implemented by intelligent, well-informed forward-looking agents; all abatement options, such as new energy technologies and forestry offsets, are available; trade in goods, services and emission credits is free and unfettered.  Here we systematically explore more plausible second-best worlds.  While analysts have given inordinate attention to which countries participate in regulation—what we call “variable geometry”—which has a strikingly small impact on total world cost of carbon regulations if international trade in emission credits allows economies to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gases; Second-best Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60663

Tax Deductible Spending, Environmental Policy, and the "Double Dividend" Hypothesis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Bento,   Antonio M.
A number of recent studies have shown that the general equilibrium welfare effects of externality-correcting policies depend importantly on pre-existing taxes in the economy, particularly those that distort the labor market. This paper extends the prior literature by allowing for consumption goods that are deductible from labor taxes. These "goods" represent medical insurance, other less tangible fringe benefits, mortgage interest, and so on. The initial tax system effectively subsidizes tax-favored consumption relative to other consumption, in addition to distorting the labor market. We find that incorporating tax-favored consumption may overturn key results from earlier studies. In particular, a revenue-neutral pollution tax (or auctioned pollution...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policies; Distortionary taxes; Tax deductions; Welfare effects; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q28; L51.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10737

The Economic Impact of Non-Compliance in the Carbon-Offset Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Murray E.; Mihal,   Daniela.
Carbon offset markets have been suggested as a cost effective means of reducing GHG emissions. This paper develops a model of heterogeneous emitters and producers to examine the consequences of non-compliance on the performance of the carbon-offset market. The analysis begins with the derivation of demand and supply curves for carbon offsets based on perfect compliance. The paper then considers the impact of non-compliance by producers on the supply of carbon offsets. Results show that the extent of producers' non-compliance decreases with an increase in the audit probability and/or an increase in the penalty per unit of non-compliance. In addition, the number of producers participating in the carbon offsets market is shown to increase with an increase in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19179

Management of climate risks in the wine sector: a field study on risky behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ben Salk,   Sana; Blondel,   Serge; Daniel,   Christophe; Deffains-Crapsky,   Catherine; Jutard,   Catherine; Sejourne,   Bruno.
In agriculture, there is need for a deeper analysis of management of climate risks, because the farmers appear to have a paradoxical position: they perceived that they are strongly exposed to climate risks but, they do not want to pay for adapted tools, arguing that this is too expensive or complex. However, under risk, it is well-known that the decision-makers could be subject to paradox (Allais for example). Our assumption is that to know better the behaviours of farmers in general risky situations will help to understand their reluctance to use the weather market. We conducted a study over the wine growers in the Maine-et-Loire department. 60 wine growers have responded to the questionnaire about climate risk management, and 29 amongst them have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Field experiments; Management of climate risks; Paradoxes; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9251

Influences of Permanence on the Comparative Value of Biological Sequestration versus Emissions Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.; Murray,   Brian C.; Schneider,   Uwe A.
We use a net present value framework to examine the impact of non-permanence on the economics of land-based biological carbon sequestration. Contingent on assumptions about discount rates, management, and carbon prices trajectories, and payment contract design, we find the adjusted value of carbon sequestration relative to permanently available emission offsets to be between 38 and 55 percent for agricultural soil offsets and between 51 and 99 percent for afforestation offsets. Simulations with an Agricultural Sector Model show the empirical effect of sequestration value discounts on the total potential of U.S. agricultural sinks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions within a multistrategy setting.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Sector Model; Carbon price trajectory; Carbon sequestration dynamics; Economics of greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Forest sink discounting; Mathematical programming; Net present value; Saturation; Volatility; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18448

Financial Responsibility for Environmental Obligations: Are Bonding and Assurance Rules Fulfilling Their Promise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Financal assurance rules, also known as financial responsibility or bonding requirements, foster cost internalization by requiring potential polluters to demonstrate the financial resources necessary to compensate for environmental damage that may arise in the future. Accordingly, assurance is an important complement to liability rules, restoration obligations, and other regulatory compliance requirements. The paper reviews the need for assurance, given the prevalence of abandoned environmental obligations, and assesses the implementation of assurance rules in the United States. From the standpoint of both legal effectiveness and economic efficiency, assurance rules can be improved. On the whole, however, cost recovery, deterrence, and enforcement are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial assurance; Financial responsibility; Bonding; Environmental insurance; Environmental Economics and Policy; K13; Q38; K32.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10809

Voluntary Pollution Abatement and Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Michael S.; Khanna,   Neha.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Altruism; Voluntary Pollution Abatement; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; K32.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103886

THE EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarney,   Geoffrey R.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
We seek to contribute to the emerging economic theory on trade, the environment and development.  Using panel data across countries, econometric models are estimated to predict the effects of openness on organic water pollutant (BOD) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.  Results indicate that freer trade significantly increases emissions of both pollutants, thus reducing environmental quality.  Moreover, the panel nature of the data allows heterogeneity across countries to be controlled, so that comparisons can be made of how different national characteristics influence the environmental impact of freer trade. By testing the effects of democratic versus autocratic governance, it is found that while greater democracy can induce significant reductions in BOD...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34157

MODELING CATASTROPHIC WEATHER EVENTS AND THE RISKS OF ANIMAL WASTE SPILLS IN THE COASTAL PLAIN OF NORTH CAROLINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Barry K.; Hallstrom,   Daniel G.
This paper considers probabilistic models of hurricane-induced animal waste lagoon failures in North Carolina.  A substantial number of waste lagoons exist in areas prone to hurricane damages. We evaluate expected losses which represent actuarially-fair insurance premium rates for a plan that would indemnify producers against damages from lagoon failures. Our results imply annual premiums ranging from under $100 per year to over $2,062 per year.  An interesting result is that those areas with the highest levels of expected loss are also those areas with the greatest concentration of waste lagoons.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20241

Simulating impacts of irrigation on the hydrology of the Karagan Lagoon in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stanzel,   Philipp; Oze,   Alexander; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Boelee,   Eline; Droogers,   Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lagoons; Hydrology; Irrigation effects; Simulation models; Sensitivity analysis; Irrigation programs; Catchment areas; Tanks; Runoff; Precipitation; Evaporation; Seepage; Climate; Evapotranspiration; Paddy fields; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92698

AGGREGATE ANALYSIS OF SITE-SPECIFIC POLLUTION PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION FROM AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Segerson,   Kathleen; Opaluch,   James J.
Control of nonpoint sources of pollution has traditionally been within the domain of local decision makers in recognition of the critical importance of site-specific issues.  More recently attention has turned to the issue of what can and should be done at the regional or national level, while recognizing the importance of site-specific attributes.  This paper describes and illustrates an approach for analysis of nonpoint pollution problems that focuses jointly at the aggregate and disaggregate levels of the problem.  The approach is based on linking two tools of analysis, the microparameter distribution model and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS).  Although there are significant challenges to be overcome in implementing such an approach, linkage...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28818

ADAPTING AGRICULTURE AND RURAL VIRGINIA TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESTRAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14814

Ordering effects and strategic response in discrete choice experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheufele,   Gabriela; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
This study explores ordering effects and response strategies in repeated binary discrete choice experiments (DCE). Mechanism design theory and empirical evidence suggest that repeated choice tasks per respondent introduce strategic behavior. We find evidence that the order in which choice sets are presented to respondents may provide strategic opportunities that affect choice decisions (‘strategic response’). The findings propose that the ‘strategic response’ does not follow strong cost-minimization but other strategies such as weak cost-minimization or good deal/ bad deal heuristics. Evidence further suggests that participants, as they answer more choice questions, not only make more accurate choices (‘institutional learning’) but may also become...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiments; Incentive compatibility; Mixed logit models; Ordering effects; Repeated binary choice task; Response strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107743

REGIONAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL CARBON AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS USING EPIC AND I_EPIC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gassman,   Philip W.; Campbell,   Todd D.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Thomson,   Allison M.; Atwood,   Jay D.
Computer models are important tools for assessing regional carbon sequestration and other environmental impacts of agricultural management practices. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is a very flexible model that has been used to make a wide range of field- and regional-scale environmental assessments. Large regional-scale applications of EPIC and similar models can require thousands of runs, resulting in a huge data management task. To address this problem, the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) has developed an interactive EPIC (i_EPIC) software package that provides an automated approach to executing large sets of EPIC simulations. Overviews of both the latest EPIC version and the i_EPIC software package are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental indicators; Modeling; Regional analyses; Software interface; Soil carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18647

Marginal abatement cost curves for UK agriculture, forestry, land-use and land-use change sector out to 2022
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moran,   Dominic; MacLeod,   Michael J.; Wall,   Eileen; Eory,   Vera; McVittie,   Alistair; Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Rees,   Bob; Smith,   Peter; Moxey,   Andrew.
Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, land use, land use change and forestry (ALULUCF) are a significant percentage of UK industrial emissions. The UK Government is committed to ambitious targets for reducing emissions and all significant industrial sources are coming under increasing scrutiny. The task of allocating shares of future reductions falls to the newly appointed Committee on Climate Change (CCC), which needs to consider efficient mitigation potential across a range of sectors. Marginal abatement cost curves are derived for a range of mitigation measures in the agriculture and forestry sectors over a range of adoption scenarios and for the years 2012, 2017 and 2022. The results indicate that in 2022 around 6.36 MtCO2e could be abated at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51065

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and its so-called "flexibility mechanisms", climate change and mechanisms to mitigate its potential effects have attracted considerable economic and policy attention. A major reason for this attention is that the KP has a complex set of instruments that enable countries to achieve emissions reduction targets in a wide variety of ways, some of which are unlikely to lead to real, long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to provide an overview of economic reasoning applied to climate change and to illustrate how terrestrial carbon uptake credits (offset credits) operate within the KP framework. Attention is focused on the feasibility of terrestrial carbon sinks to slow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18160

Integrating Flood Management and Agri-Environment through Washland Creation in the UK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Joe; Bailey,   Alison P.; Alsop,   D.; Vivash,   R.; Lawson,   C.; Leeds-Harrison,   P.B.
In many river floodplains in the UK there has been a long history of flood defence, land reclamation and water regime management for farming. In recent years, changing policies with respect to farming, environment and flood management is encouraging a re-appraisal of land use in rural areas. In particular, there is scope to develop, through the use of appropriate promotional mechanisms, washland areas which will simultaneously accommodate winter inundation, support extensive farming methods, deliver environmental benefits, and do this in a way which can underpin the rural economy. This paper explores the feasibility of flood storage and washland creation, the likely economic impacts of this type of development, and the financial and institutional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24397

A Multiple Criteria Decision System to Improve Performance of Federal Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ozgoc-Caglar,   C. Derya; Farnsworth,   Richard L.
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program and other voluntary Federal conservation programs follow a similar approach for enrollment. Consistent with the legislation, agency personnel identify eligibility criteria, suitable conservation practices, and a process to score, rank, and select applications for funding. Our research outlines a formal multiple criteria decision analysis system that is broadly applicable to current Federal conservation programs to score, rank, and enroll applications, and distribute program funds. Then, we apply the decision system to Indiana’s EQIP program using data from 2005. The incorporation of GLEAMS model improved our estimates of water quality impacts by reintroducing the spatial heterogeneity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis; Federal Conservation Programs; Environmental Quality Incentives Program; GLEAMS; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5986

Constraining Phosphorus in Surface Waters of the New York City Watershed: Dairy Farm Resource Use and Profitability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanchar,   John J.; Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Milligan,   Robert A.
The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. A "phosphorus index for site evaluation" (P-index) provides planners in the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program with a tool for identifying individual farm business, phosphorus related problems, and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model is employed to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability, with the P-index used to impose phosphorus movement constraints. Results indicate dramatic differences in farm resource use and farm business profitability depending on the level of the P-index. Small changes in the target index level result in large shifts in optimal resource use and business profitability....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31622

NON-PARAMETRIC ENVIRONMENTAL ADJUSTED PRODUCTIVITY (EAP) MEASURES: NEBRASKA AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Perrin,   Richard K.
Traditional Total factor productivity [TFP] misrepresents the true change in agricultural productivity because environmental bads jointly produced with desirable outputs are unaccounted.  Nonparametric measures incorporating environmental bads support the hypothesis that prior [after] to 1980's the traditional TFP overstate [understate] production growths, reflecting peak use of chemicals.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20816

Sacrifice, discounting and climate policy: five questions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
I provide a selective review of discounting and climate policy. After reviewing evidence on the importance of the discount rate in setting policy, I ask whether standard models tend to exaggerate the sacrifices that the current generation needs to undertake in order to internalize climate damages. I then consider whether the risk of catastrophic damage really overwhelms discounting, in the determination of optimal policy. I revisit the question of how we actually think about the distant future.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Discounting; Intergenerational conflict; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51612

Turning over irrigation systems from the government of Indonesia to farmers.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Government managed irrigation systems; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Governmental interrelations; Policy; Indonesia; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52780

EFFECTIVE COSTS AND CHEMICAL USE IN U.S. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: BENEFITS AND COSTS OF USING THE ENVIRONMENT AS A "FREE" INPUT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Ball,   V. Eldon; Felthoven,   Ronald G.; Nehring,   Richard F.
This study uses a cost-function-based model of production processes in U.S. agriculture to represent producers' input and output decisions, and the implied costs of reductions in risk associated with leaching and runoff from agricultural chemical use.  The model facilitates evaluation of the statistical significance of measured shadow values for "bad" outputs, and their input- and output-specific components, with a focus on the impacts on pesticide demand and its quality and quantity aspects.  The shadow values of risk reduction are statistically significant, and imply increased demand for effective pesticides over time that stem largely from improvements in quality due to embodied technology, and that vary substantively by region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11986

Indicator framework, indicators and upscaling methods implemented in the final version of SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alkan Olsson,   Johanna; Bockstaller,   Christian; Turpin,   Nadine; Therond,   Olivier; Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Knapen,   Rob.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57922

Water quality and the demand for recreation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6289

Comparing the profitability of sheep, beef, dairy and grain farms in southwest Victoria under different rainfall scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Browne,   Natalie; Kingwell,   Ross S.; Behrendt,   Ralph; Eckard,   Richard.
Dryland farming is commonplace in Australia so the profitability of dryland farms often depends on the amount and timing of rainfall. With drier weather conditions featuring in climate change projections for southern Australia, it is important to understand the relationships between rainfall, commodity prices and farm profitability. Using correlated farm commodity and input prices from the past nine years, farm profitability was calculated for a range of farm types in southwest Victoria under low, average and high rainfall scenarios. Fourteen representative farms were examined that included production of Merino fine wool, prime lamb, beef cattle, milk, wheat and canola. This paper compares and contrasts the spread of profitability of these farms against...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Dryland farming; Farm enterprises; Climate change; Price variability; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124249

The Sustainability and Cost-Effectiveness of Water Storage Projects on Canterbury Rivers: The Opihi River Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hearnshaw,   Edward J.S.; Cullen,   Ross.
There is an increasing demand for water resources in the Canterbury region. The impact of this demand has lead to unacceptable minimum river flows, which has resulted in adverse affects to river ecology. In an effort to resolve this problem water storage projects have gained considerable attention. However, in order to consider all values of the impact of water storage projects, a systematic way of implementing an ecosystem services approach is developed. This ecosystem services approach coupled with various appropriate analytical methods are developed for the purposes of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of water storage projects and the sustainability of river systems impacted by water storage projects. For the purposes of evaluating the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost utility analysis; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Indicators; Sustainability; Water storage projects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97265

A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MIMES – MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED MODEL OF THE EARTH SYTEMS ECOLOGICAL SERVICES COMO FERRAMENTA IMPORTANTE PARA A VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tosto,   Sergio Gomes; Ambrosio,   Luis Alberto; Romeiro,   Ademar Ribeiro; Fasiaben,   Maria Do Carmo Ramos; Andrade,   Daniel Caixeta.
O MIMES – Multi-scale Integrated Model of the Earth Sytems Ecological Services é o primeiro modelo global a relacionar a dinâmica entre a tecnologia, produção e bem-estar econômico e os bens e serviços ecossistêmicos do sistema dinâmico da Terra, de forma espacializada.  É um “meta-modelo” que representa uma síntese de uma simplificação dos diversos modelos globais dinâmicos existentes nas ciências naturais e sociais em um nível intermediário de complexidade.  O objetivo do MIMES é simular o sistema integrado da Terra e avaliar a dinâmica e os valores dos serviços dos ecossistemas. O presente estudo de caso é a modelagem da dinâmica do uso e cobertura das terras na Bacia-Hidrográfica dos Rio Mogi-Guaçú e Pardo em São Paulo. Ele foca a restauração dos...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modelo de mudanças do uso das terras; Valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos; Controle da erosão de solos; Modelo dinâmico integrado multi-escala; Land use change model; Ecosystem services valuation; Soil erosion control; Multi-scale integrated dynamic modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109196

Cities versus agriculture: Revisiting intersectoral water transfers, potential gains and conflicts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molle,   Francois; Berkoff,   Jeremy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water scarcity; Water demand; Water transfer; Water use; Water supply; Water allocation; Environmental effects; Water market; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91817

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103435

Asymmetric Willingness-to-Pay Distributions for Livestock Manure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norwood,   F. Bailey; Luter,   Ryan L.; Massey,   Raymond E.
The Environmental Protection Agency's new Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) regulations are forcing some farms to export livestock manure to off-farm acres. The regulation compliance cost depends on the willingness of neighboring crop producers to accept or pay for the manure. This study estimates a manure willingness-to-pay distribution for crop producers using a contingent valuation mail survey. A flexible parametric distribution is borrowed from the crop yield literature, which shows that manure willingness to pay is left-skewed. Most crop producers in our sample will pay a positive price close to the savings in commercial fertilizer, but approximately 25% require a payment before accepting manure.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal waste; Asymmetric distribution; Contingent valuation; Manure; Nonmarket valuation; Pollution; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30972

CHOOSING ALTERNATIVES TO CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER SUPPLIES: A SEQUENTIAL DECISION FRAMEWORK UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarnat,   Carol L.; Willis,   Cleve E.; Harper,   Carolyn R.
In increasing numbers, communities that rely on groundwater for drinking supplies have discovered contamination from agricultural pesticides and herbicides, road salt, underground fuel storage, and septic systems.  A variety of short- and long-run remedies are available with highly uncertain outcomes.  An appropriate technique for solving a benefit-cost problem of this type is a sequential decision framework using stochastic dynamic programming procedures for solution.  The approach is illustrated here by means of an application to the problem of the recent contamination of the groundwater of Whately, Massachusetts by the agricultural fumigant EDB and the pesticide aldicarb.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28981

Food miles, Carbon footprinting and other factors affecting our trade (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97621

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TRADE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: A CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Agriculture has been at the center of conflicts over world trade from the beginning in 1986 of the eighth, Uruguay Round, of multilateral trade negotiations.  Yet it is only in the final phases of the Round that linkages from trade to the environment have come to the fore.  In this paper, the specific linkages from trade to the environment in the agricultural sector are developed.  The impacts of trade flows and policies on environmental quality in agriculture have features which make them unusually difficult to resolve.  In many respects, the same domestic agricultural policies at the root of trade distortions also encourage environmental damages.  Hence, reforming these domestic and trade policies would be a partial, though not a complete, step in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14449

Interstate Differences in the Cost of Complying With Feedlot Environmental Regulations: an Initial Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ridley,   Emma J.H.; Morison,   Julian B.; Griffith,   Garry R.
Environmental regulations impose construction and recurring costs on Australian feedlot operators. However to date there has been no published empirical information on these costs of environmental regulation. Additionally, variations in regulations between states and inconsistencies in the application of these regulations may have resulted in a pattern of location different from that dictated by least cost grain and feeder cattle inputs and processing and transportation services. The aim of this study was to attempt to measure the cost of complying with environmental regulations by large commercial feedlots in different Australian states. From data provided from a survey of 20 commercial feedlots it was found that the average cost of complying with these...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12396

Joint Implementation as Development Policy - The Case of Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Joint Implementation (JI) is a potentially powerful instrument of climate policy that could lead to a high amount of additional financial flows to developing countries. Nevertheless, many NGOs and developing country representatives are very skeptical about JI and fear that it would not take into account development priorities and create new kinds of dependence on industrial countries. Therefore, developing countries and industrial countries found a compromise at the Berlin Conference of the Parties as they instituted a pilot phase for JI lasting until 2000 which does not allow crediting of reduction achieved via JI. The paper discusses first results of the JI pilot phase in Costa Rica which could be important for the evaluation of the whole pilot phase....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26337

THE EFFECT OF FREE TRADE ON POLLUTION POLICY AND WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Sumeet.
In this paper I consider a small economy facing accession to a trade agreement. Before accession the government has control over trade and environmental policy. After accession it retains control over environmental policy but has to allow free trade. Through the analysis I highlight an effect of free trade neglected in the literature so far. Adoption of free trade shifts the economic incidence of pollution tax from consumers onto producers of the polluting good. Under fairly plausible conditions, this change in incidence can reduce the distortion in pollution tax. Even though the choice of accession is influenced by special interest groups, I find that accession can be accompanied by an improvement in pollution policy and an increase in aggregate welfare.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15849

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT:  A STUDY OF LARGE-SCALE DAIRYING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matulich,   Scott C.; Carman,   Hoy F.; Carter,   Harold O.
The analytical approach to studying waste management is investigated here in the context of large scale dairying. The typical short-run approach that regards waste management as separable from primary production is contrasted with a longer-run systems approach in which waste management is regarded as an interdependent stage of production. Failure to consider interdependencies between waste management and agricultural production could compromise potential efficiencies in the overall system. Furthermore, cooperative waste treatment and disposal among livestock producers may contribute to greater efficiency and afford opportunities for resource conservation and recovery through waste utilization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32291

Modellierung von Betriebsentwicklung und Nachhaltigkeitszielen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeddies,   Jurgen.
In his numerous textbooks WILHELM BRANDES has laid the foundation for theoretically appropriate modeling of farm firms, which has recently been expanded to modeling sustainability goals. The published research results belong to the fields of economic, ecological, and social sustainability. Standard method for the analysis of economic sustainability is the gross margin calculation, for the given purpose extended by associated opportunity costs and/or by appropriately adding further associable branch specific costs. At an on-farm-basis the system has been developed to a management information system under sustainability goals which has been further developed to the new forms of precision agriculture by incorporating yield and soil nutrient mapping,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm planning; Modeling; Sustainability goals; International competitiveness; Transform processes; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99003

Green Giving: An Analysis of Contributions to Major U.S. Environmental Groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richer,   Jerrell.
Data are compiled from the tax records of 29 major environmental organizations for the period 1980-1994 to identify factors that influence voluntary contributions. I examine the effects of organizational characteristics, such as fundraising expenditures and alternative sources of revenue, along with the impact of general economic conditions and the political climate. I find that government grants to the organizations had a positive and statistically significant impact on voluntary contributions rather than a crowding out effect. Contributions were price inelastic, where the price is defined as the effective cost to the donor of achieving a one-dollar increase in the provision of program services. Resources devoted to fundraising had a strong and positive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Charitable giving; Conservation; Crowding out; Environmental quality; Fundraising; Nonprofit organizations; Public goods; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q0; H8.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10870

EVALUATION OF WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT AND ADOPT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS AMONG SMALLSCALE FARMERS IN NJORO DISTRICT, KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayuya,   Oscar Ingasia.
Carbon markets are developing world wide with the major aim of environmental protection and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Some carbon sequestration projects have been started in Kenya though it is still not yet a vibrant investment in spite of the available suitable biophysical land. Njoro district has no such project regardless of being affected by deforestation. One inevitable result has been the unpredictable rainfall pattern constituting overall climate change, increased surface run off, the low water levels in river Njoro, loss of biodiversity and the increased poverty in the region. It is still not clear if such projects are to be initiated, the smallscale farmers would be willing to accept and adopt them. There was need therefore, to...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117799

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ORGANIC FARMERS’ MARKET AS A TRAINING CASE STUDY FOR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schifani,   Giorgio; Inglese,   Paolo; Noto,   Francesca.
The role of organic agriculture in the island of Sicily is well recognised by farmers, though the consumption of organic products still fails to largely develop in the local markets, due to several reasons, among which the small scale agricultural system and its structural poor organization plays a major role. The University of Palermo holds two major undergraduate and graduate courses on “Organic Agriculture” with a very good participation of Students. A student’s association was established with the aim of: a) encourage the consumption of organic products coming from local small scale farmers, and b) endorse the capacity of creating new job skillnes and opportunities for graduate students of the Faculty, and encourage the relationship by producers and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Small scale farmers; Buyer groups; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123720

THE ECONOMICS OF GREEN PAYMENTS FOR REDUCING AGRICULTURAL  NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN THE CORN BELT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Wei; Horan,   Richard D.; Claassen,   Roger.
We develop a watershed-based model of green payments to examine how payments applied to different environmental performance measures compare on the basis of economic efficiency, equity, and environmental outcomes.  We also explore how targeting in the specification of water quality goals (e.g., TMDLs) affects program performance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21939

Should We Consider the Co-Benefits of Agricultural GHG Offsets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbakidze,   Levan; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Water quality and other co-benefits arise from greenhouse gas reduction efforts in agriculture, but there are tradeoffs with energy sector emissions. Greenhouse gas reductions by power plants also improve human health. Policy based on balancing benefits and costs must account for the co-effects in both the agriculture and energy sectors.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94005

The Regulatory Choice of Noncompliance in Emissions Trading Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.
This paper addresses the following question: To achieve a fixed aggregate emissions target cost-effectively, should emissions trading programs be designed and implemented to achieve full compliance, or does allowing a certain amount of noncompliance reduce the costs of reaching the emissions target?  The total costs of achieving the target consist of aggregate abatement costs, monitoring costs, and the expected costs of collecting penalties from noncompliant firms. Under common assumptions, I show that allowing noncompliance is cost-effective only if violations are enforced with an increasing marginal penalty. However, one can design a policy that induces full compliance with a constant marginal penalty that meets the aggregate emissions target at lower...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14520

Dynamic Interaction between Economic Indicators and SO2 Emission in U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Man-Keun; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Energy Use; Vector Autoregression; Historical Decomposition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103239

Effects of Manure Use and Use Restrictions on Variable Production Costs and Net Incomes for U.S. Corn Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckman,   Jayson F.; Livingston,   Michael J.
We utilize a treatment effects model to examine if there are differences in costs/profits for manure-using corn producers versus non-users. We find that manure users have lower peracre operating costs via reductions in fertilizer and soil conditioner costs; however, the use of manure reduces grain yields and ultimately leads to no difference in profit. Separate results indicate that manure-use restrictions do not affect costs or profits; thus policies could be in place to regulate manure usage without impacting the costs/profit structure of the farm.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Nutrient management; Treatment effects; Micro-data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q1.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120450

Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Environment: A Case for Green Growth Accounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xepapadeas,   Anastasios; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis; Vouvaki,   Dimitra.
We examine whether the use of the environment, proxied by CO2 emissions, as a factor of production contributes, in addition to conventional factors of production to output growth, and thus it should be accounted for in total factor productivity growth (TFPG) measurement and deducted from the .residual. A theoretical framework of growth accounting methodology with environment as a factor of production which is unpaid in the absence of environmental policy is developed. Using data from a panel of 23 OECD countries, we show that emissions. growth have a statistically significant contribution to the growth of output, that emission augmenting technical change is present along with labor augmenting technical change, and that part of output growth which is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Solow Residual; Total Factor Productivity Growth; Growth; Environment; Green Growth Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; O47; Q2.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9319

Do farmers provide agri-environmental services efficiently? – An economic analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kantelhardt,   Jochen; Eckstein,   Karin.
Agricultural land use does not only concern farmers, but also has a large number of social and environmental effects. Consequently, it is to be assumed that farmers have to use financial resources as well as labour in order to provide these services. Using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we calculated the economic as well as the ecological efficiencies of farms and examined whether farms are able to succeed in combining ecological and economic efficiency. In addition to this analysis, we studied the driving factors of the respective efficiencies. The study was carried out in four typical production regions in Bavaria which vary in their proportions of grassland as well as their yield potential; thus, the study regions reflect a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Data envelopment analysis; Ecological efficiency; Economic efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7973

Induced Innovation or a Paradox of Environmental Regulation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Aaron; Shumway,   C. Richard.
In a seeming paradox, bluegrass seed production in the State of Washington increased following imposition of a statewide ban on stubble burning in 1996.  Despite forecasts that alternative production practices would increase the cost of producing bluegrass seed so much that the industry would be driven from the state, production in the years 1997-2003 was higher than in any seven-year period in recorded history.  This study seeks to explain why this occurred.  Several hypotheses are put forward and systematically tested.  The final hypothesis, induced innovation, cannot be formally tested because of data limitations, but it is examined by an assessment of innovations that occurred contemporaneously with the ban and by corroborative statistical evidence....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19450

The Integration of Wind Generation within the South Australian Region of the Australia National Electricity Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cutler,   Nicholas; MacGill,   Iain; Outhred,   Hugh.
The analysis presented in this research report is intended to provide insights into likely outcomes of expanding wind generation in South Australia and other regions of the National Electricity Market (NEM). Under the recently legislated expanded renewable energy target, and to improve our understanding of wind integration, this report assesses the interaction between wind generation, electricity demand and regional spot prices.   Market data from current installed wind generation in South Australia over the most recent year were analysed. Our results suggest that electricity demand currently has the greatest influence on spot prices. Fluctuating South Australian wind generation levels, however, do have a significant secondary influence.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94887

Projecting Livestock Numbers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forbes,   Rod; Gardiner,   Peter.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) undertakes forecasts and projections of livestock numbers as part of the twice yearly contribution to The Treasury’s economic and fiscal updates. MAF’s Pastoral Supply Response Model (PSRM) was recently re-developed and used for the first time in the Budget Economic and Fiscal Update round of 2004. The PSRM projects annual inventory numbers as at 30 June, births and livestock numbers for slaughter. The paper discusses the PSRM, the post-model adjustments process, and the feed through to a simplistic assessment of land use changes within pasture areas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock numbers; Forecasting; Supply response; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97790

Assessing the Benefits of Public Research Within an Economic Framework:  The Case of USDA's Agricultural Research Service
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; King,   John L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Bucks,   Dale A.; Welsh,   Rick.
Evaluation of publicly funded research can help provide accountability and prioritize programs. In addition, Federal intramural research planning generally involves an institutional assessment of the appropriate Federal role, if any, and whether the research should be left to others, such as universities or the private sector. Many methods of evaluation are available, peer review—used primarily for establishing scientific merit—being the most common. Economic analysis focuses on quantifying ultimate research outcomes, whether measured in goods with market prices or in nonmarket goods such as environmental quality or human health. However, standard economic techniques may not be amenable for evaluating some important public research priorities or for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Research Service; Federal intramural research; Publicly funded research; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94852

Coping Strategies Against El Nino: The Case of Selected Communities in Talugtug, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monsalud,   Florentino C.; Montesur,   Jaime G.; Abucay,   Edwin R.
The occurrence of El Nino causes tremendous havoc to economies. Recognizing this problem, the Philippine government has been introducing measures to mitigate the impact of the El Nino phenomenon. One of the measures to lessen the vulnerability of the farmers on El Nino related risk is the Small Water Impounding Projects (SWIPs). Furthermore, farmers have their own initiatives and coping mechanisms to mitigate the effects of El Nino. This research was undertaken to document the coping mechanisms, which would be useful in policy formulation. This study aims to: a) Determine the impacts of El Nino-related abnormal weather changes on agricultural production and farmers' income; b) Document the existing farming systems, resources, infrastructure, institutions,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Farmers; Rural communities; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32717

ADJUSTMENT COSTS OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY SWITCHINGS - A MULTI-AGENT APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balmann,   Alfons; Happe,   Kathrin; Kellermann,   Konrad; Kleingarn,   Anne.
More powerful computers, the better availability of micro-data, and the development of new modeling techniques, such as multi-agent systems, allows to analyze agricultural policies from the bottom up. We present such an approach that considers the spatial interaction of thousands of individually behaving heterogeneous farms and apply it to analyze agri-environmental policies for a selected intensive production region in the southwest of Germany.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20506

Market Structure and Environmental Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Montero,   Juan-Pablo.
This paper studies firms’ incentives to invest in environmental R&amp;D under different market structures (Cournot and Bertrand) and environmental policy instruments (emission standards, taxes, tradable permits and auctioned permits). Because of market strategic effects, R&amp;D incentives vary widely across market structures and instruments. For example, when firms’ products are strategic substitutes (i.e., Cournot), either emission standards, taxes or auctioned permits can provide the most incentives. But when firms’ products are strategic complements, either taxes or auctioned permits provide the most incentives. If markets are perfectly competitive, however, permits and emission standards offer similar incentives that are lower than those offered by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environment; Regulation; Market structure; Innovation; Marketing; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L50; Q28.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44294

Programming rural development funds – An interactive linear programming approach applied to the EAFRD program in Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmid,   Julia Christiane; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Kirschke,   Dieter.
Policies for rural areas have become an important but complex policy field in the European Union`s Common Agricultural Policy. The purpose of this paper is to report on a methodological approach pursued to model the allocation of EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development) funds in Saxony-Anhalt. We show how an interactive programming approach can be developed and used to support our partner Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment. So far, various key elements of the modeling approach have been specified: the definition of all relevant policy measures and funding options, the assessment of impacts on the regional objectives pursued, the definition of relevant lower and upper bounds, and the formulation of co-financing requirements and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Interactive programming; EAFRD; Multi-level co-financing; Saxony-Anhalt; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59523

A Stochastic Multiple Players Multi-Issues Bargaining Model for the Piave River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Carraro,   Carlo.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of non-cooperative bargaining theory for the analysis of negotiations on water allocation and management. We explore the impacts of different economic incentives, a stochastic environment and varying individual preferences on players’ strategies and equilibrium outcomes through numerical simulations of a multilateral, multiple issues, non-cooperative bargaining model of water allocation in the Piave River Basin, in the North East of Italy. Players negotiate in an alternating-offer manner over the sharing of water resources (quantity and quality). Exogenous uncertainty over the size of the negotiated amount of water is introduced to capture the fact that water availability is not known with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Non-Cooperative Game Theory; Simulation Models; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C71; C78.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7446

Groundwater markets and water use efficiency: The case of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deepak,   S.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
Research highlight based on a paper titled “Groundwater markets promoting efficiency in water use in agriculture in Karnataka.”
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water market; Groundwater extraction; Water use efficiency; Wells; Crop production; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Pricing; Models; Policy; India; Karnataka; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53070

Knowledge of Birds and Willingness to Pay for their Conservation: An Australian Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This case study concentrates on the extent of knowledge of members of the Australian public of Australia’s tropical bird species and their willingness to pay for their conservation.  In order to place this issue in context, it first provides background information on the status of Australian bird species, focusing attention on species that occur in tropical Australia.  Then, using survey results, this study considers the hypothesis that the public’s relative support for the conservation of different bird species depends on its comparative knowledge of their existence and status.  Based on experimental results from a sample of residents of Brisbane, Queensland (Australia), it is found that their knowledge of bird species that occur exclusively in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Conservation; Australian birds; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48977

Choice modelling in the development of natural resource management strategies in NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Protecting environmental services generates social benefits. At the same time, private landholders supplying these benefits may face some costs. To provide these services efficiently, policy makers need information about community values for the environment as well as landholders’ costs.   This study explores how choice modelling (a non-market valuation technique) is used to estimate comment values. These include use and non-use values for increasing environmental quality in NSW catchments. Non-market valuation techniques for estimating environmental values are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of methodological aspects of the choice modelling technique and its potential as a regional planning tool for Catchment Management Authorities (CMA’s)
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; Choice modelling; Trade-offs; Bio-physical modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94716

What's the Rate? Disentangling the Weitzman and the Gollier Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traeger,   Christian P.
The uncertainty of future economic development affects the term structure of discount rates and, thus, the intertemporal weights that are to be used in cost benefit analysis. The U.K. and France have recently adopted a falling term structure to incorporate uncertainty and the U.S. is considering a similar step. A series of publications discusses the following concern: A seemingly analogous argument used to justify falling discount rates can also be used to justify increasing discount rates. We show that increasing and decreasing discount rates mean different things, can coexist, are created by different channels through which risk affects evaluation, and have the same qualitative effect of making long-term payoffs more attractive.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Discounting; Term structure; Uncertainty; Weitzman-Gollier puzzle; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; D61; D81; H43; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121932

An Econometric Analysis of MMS Area-Wide Leasing Versus Tract-Nomination Sales: Does Area-Wide Leasing Result in Lower Government Revenue?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gelso,   Brett R.
In 1983, US Minerals Management Service (MMS) switched from the Lease Nomination sale format to Area-Wide Leasing (AWL). Since a complete econometric analysis of the effects of AWL on government revenue has not been conducted in almost twenty years, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of AWL on government revenue. Results indicated that AWL reduced government revenue by $1,170 to $1,308 on a per acre basis, which is consistent with the findings in prior literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Area-Wide Leasing (AWL); Outer Continental Shelf (OCS); High Bonus Bids; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37680

Az éghajlatváltozás növekvő szerepe a közösségi szakpolitikákban, különös tekintettel a közös agrárpolitikára
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baksa,   Adrienn.
Az éghajlatváltozás globális hatásainak Európa is kiszolgáltatott. Így megnövekedett annak az igénye, hogy az Európai Unió adaptációs és mitigációs intézkedéseket építsen be szakpolitikáiba. Hosszabb távra azonban összehangolt és megfelelő pénzügyi háttérrel rendelkező EU-s klímastratégia szükséges. A megváltozó éghajlat kulcstényező az európai mezőgazdaság és vidék fejlődésében, ezért a közeljövő Közös Agrárpolitikáját (KAP) már ehhez javasolt igazítani.  A fenntartható termelést elősegítik a 2007–2013-as EU-s vidékfejlesztési intézkedések, melyek nagy része a mitigációt is ösztönzi. Ezért az EU további vidékfejlesztési többletforrásokat csoportosított az éghajlatváltozás okozta hatások mérséklésére és az adaptáció növelésére. Véleményem szerint az EU...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Éghajlatváltozás; EU; Klímapolitika; Közös agrárpolitika; Vidékfejlesztés; Climate change; EU; Climate policy; Common Agricultural Policy; Rural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99134

Phosphorus Imbalances in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: Can Forestland and Manure Processing Facilities Be the Answers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catma,   Serkan; Collins,   Alan R.
A mixed-integer linear programming model was formulated to minimize the cost of transport and processing of excess manure in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The results showed that primarily poultry manure was moved out of surplus counties for land application or processing. In the base model, annual cost was more than $350 million, with the bulk of the cost arising from construction of energy facilities for poultry manure. Forestland application of poultry manure had the lowest average cost, and more forestland than agricultural land was used for manure application. The lowest cost scenario was $127 million annually when constraints were removed to expand manure application on agricultural land and allow unlimited construction of composting facilities. Such...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Water quality; Animal manure; Composting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106063

Equity and Justice in Global Warming Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kverndokk,   Snorre; Rose,   Adam Z.
Many countries are implementing or at least considering policies to counter increasingly certain negative impacts from climate change. An increasing amount of research has been devoted to the analysis of the costs of climate change and its mitigation, as well as to the design of policies, such as the international Kyoto Protocol, post-Kyoto negotiations, regional initiatives, and unilateral actions. Although most studies on climate change policies in economics have considered efficiency aspects, there is a growing literature on equity and justice. Climate change policy has important dimensions of distributive justice, both within and across generations, but in this paper we survey only studies on the intragenerational aspect, i.e., within a generation. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of Climate Change; Intragenerational Equity; Distributive Justice; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; D63; H23; H41; Q00.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44230

U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Spatial-Temporal Econometric Approach of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   J. Wesley; Bergstrom,   John C.
One of the major criticisms of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored.  By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors).  By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results.  By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics.  To address this potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide; Spatial Econometrics; Panel Data Econometrics; Time Series Analysis; Environmental Economics; Pollution Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q53; Q43; C01; C33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96031

ACCOUNTING FOR SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHEDS IN EVALUATING WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Zeyuan; Prato,   Anthony A.
This study evaluates three agricultural nonpoint pollution abatement policies: regulating the spatial pattern of agricultural activities, ambient tax, and abatement tax/subsidy.  All three policies incorporate spatial characteristics of agricultural emission loading and movement for an agricultural watershed in the Midwest.  The effects of spatial variation in natural conditions and landscape features on agricultural emissions and crop yield are evaluated using a newly developed biophysical simulation model and experimental data.  While the policies are equally cost effective in reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution, their implementation feasibility is quite different.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Environmental policy; Nonpoint pollution; Simulation; Watershed management; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15135

Economic Change and Environmental Issues: Policy Reforms and Concerns in Australian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Since the closing years of the 1980s, Australia has adopted structural adjustment policies designed to foster economic liberalism based on the market system.  Today, there is little economic protection for Australian agriculture and Australia is a persistent advocate of free international agricultural trade.  The natural Australian environment is not very favourable for agriculture because of low and erratic levels of rainfall and poor soils.  Scarcity of water in Australia is growing and its use has become a major natural resource issue.  Water availability and use of water by Australian agriculture is discussed, its environmental impacts are considered and the scope for using market systems to allocate water effectively are discussed.  Other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water use; Agriculture; Australia; Gmos; Landcare Australia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55098

A Net Present Value Model of Natural Gas Exploitation in Northern Alberta: An Analysis of Land Values in Woodland Caribou Ranges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hauer,   Grant; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Jagodzinski,   Robert.
This report was prepared for the purpose of providing background documentation of inputs to be used in mathematical programming models and papers, which are being prepared for our research project: Ecological and economic tradeoff analysis of conservation strategies for woodland caribou. The report presents a simple net present value model of resource and land value for natural gas in northern Alberta. The variables in the model include costs (drilling, seismic, operating and capital); geological variables (stratigraphic intervals, booked reserves, future reserves); drilling variables (well densities, drilling success rates, and drilling depths); production data and prices. Each variable is described in detail and methods of derivation are provided. A map...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net present value; Energy reserves; Natural gas; Caribou; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q49; Q32; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91422

Lessons Learned from SO2 Allowance Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93329

Safe vs. Fair: A Formidable Trade-off in Tackling Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; Chakravarty,   Shoibal; Socolow,   Robert.
Global warming requires a response characterized by forward-looking management of atmospheric carbon and respect for ethical principles. Both safety and fairness must be pursued, and there are severe trade-offs as these are intertwined by the limited headroom for additional atmospheric CO2 emissions. This paper provides a simple numerical mapping at the aggregated level of developed vs. developing countries in which safety and fairness are formulated in terms of cumulative emissions and cumulative per capita emissions respectively. It becomes evident that safety and fairness cannot be achieved simultaneously for strict definitions of both. The paper further posits potential global trading in future cumulative emissions budgets in a world where financial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Burden Sharing; Negative Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115818

Does Hazardous Waste Matter? Evidence from the Housing Market and the Superfund Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greenstone,   Michael; Gallagher,   Justin.
Approximately $30 billion (2000$) has been spent on Superfund clean-ups of hazardous waste sites, and remediation efforts are incomplete at roughly half of the 1,500 Superfund sites. This study estimates the effect of Superfund clean-ups on local housing price appreciation. We compare housing price growth in the areas surrounding the first 400 hazardous waste sites to be cleaned up through the Superfund program to the areas surrounding the 290 sites that narrowly missed qualifying for these clean-ups. We cannot reject that the clean-ups had no effect on local housing price growth, nearly two decades after these sites became eligible for them. This finding is robust to a series of specification checks, including the application of a quasi-experimental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12179

Brownfields Redevelopment in Wisconsin: A Survey of the Field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Crooks,   Lisa; Hersh,   Robert.
As the third paper in our three-part series on Wisconsin brownfields, this paper reports the results of a survey on the objectives of brownfields redevelopment, constraints to the redevelopment, the role of the state's Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and institutional controls. The 260 survey respondents include elected officials, staff from economic development and planning agencies, attorneys, private sector representatives, and professionals at nonprofit organizations. We find that: 1) respondents value both economic and environmental gains associated with brownfields redevelopment; 2) the high costs of cleanup are the principal barrier to brownfields redevelopment; 3) no single factor stands out as constraining DNR's ability to oversee cleanups;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brownfields; Contamination; Hazardous waste; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10443

Cost Savings, Market Performance, and Economic Benefits of the U.S. Acid Rain Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas.
This paper reports on four areas of research concerning Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that regulates emissions of SO2 from electricity generation. The first is the costs of the program over the long-run as estimated from the current perspective taking into account recent changes in fuel markets and technology. We compare projected costs with potential cost savings that can be attributable to formal trading of emission allowances. The second area is an evaluation of how well allowance trading has worked to date. The third area is the relationship between compliance costs and economic costs from a general equilibrium perspective. The fourth area is a comparison of benefits and costs for the program.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Benefit-cost analysis; Air pollution; Permit trading; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10885

The Triple Bottom Line: What is the Impact on the Returns to Agribusiness?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Detre,   Joshua D.; Gunderson,   Michael A.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Event-study; Sustainability; Profitability; Corporate social responsibility; Dow Jones Sustainability Index; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117608

QUANTIFYING THE HETEROGENEITY OF ABATEMENT COSTS UNDER CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION CHANGES: AN INTEGRATED MODELLING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leclere,   David; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain; Zakharov,   Paul; de Noblet-Ducoudre,   Nathalie.
We present here preliminary results of an integrated modelling approach combining a crop model (STICS) and an economic model (AROPAj) of European agricultural supply. This modelling framework is designed to perform quantitative analysis, regarding climate change impacts on agriculture and more generally the interactions between soils, land use, agriculture and climate integrating physical and economical elements (data, process, models). It explicitly integrates an agricultural diversity dimension with regards to economic set of choices and soil climate spatial variability. First results are given in term of quantitative analysis combining optimal land allocation (economic optimality) and “dose-response” functions related to a large set of crops in Europe,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91267

Journal Frontmatter
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes front cover and editorial information.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117943

Environmental Issues of Agriculture: Social Perception Analysis in Southern Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salazar-Ordonez,   Melania; Sayadi,   Samir.
Agriculture largely shapes the European ecosystems. Today the environmental social interest and the awareness that some farming practices destroy the natural environment is undeniable. Thus, the European decision maker’s emphasis on integrating social demands within the Common Agricultural Policy becomes unquestionable. In this context, this paper analyses: i) the degree of social compliance with soilerosion control from agriculture in Andalusia (southern Spain); ii) the degree of society’s concern about its agriculture; and iii)the respondent’s features that influence both perceptions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Social Perception; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; D62; Q31.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44420

Characteristics, Expenditures, and Economic Impact of Resident and Nonresident Hunters and Anglers in North Dakota, 1990-91 Season
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltezore,   James F.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121176

THE ROLE OF LIABILITY, REGULATION AND ECONOMIC INCENTIVES IN BROWNFIELD REMEDIATION AND REDEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM SURVEYS OF DEVELOPERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Longo,   Alberto; Tonin,   Stefania; Trombetta,   Francesco; Turvani,   Margherita.
We examine different market-based mechanisms and other incentives intended to promote the environmental remediation and reuse of brownfields. Policies that encourage cleanup and re-use of brownfields offer real estate developers reductions in regulatory burden, relief from liability for future cleanups once certain mitigation standards are met, and/or financial support for regeneration of brownfields.    We use conjoint choice experiments-a stated preference approach-to assess the responses of real estate developers to different mixes of these incentives. Our survey instrument was administered in person to a sample of developers and real estate professionals randomly intercepted at the Marché International des Professionnels de l'Immobilier (MIPIM) in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28582

Le marché de bestiaux du gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid: un levier de développement rural du Centre tunisien
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selmi,   Salah; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Allagui,   Leila; Chouaibi,   Walid.
L’élevage ovin est une activité traditionnelle dans toutes les régions de la Tunisie et surtout le Centre et le Sud. Sur le plan national et jusqu'à une date récente seule la viande bovine retenait l'attention des pouvoirs publics et les opérateurs privés. Face aux enjeux actuels de satisfaction des besoins du pays en viandes rouges et la mise à niveau de la filière des ovins, on assiste à un processus de développement du secteur qui connaît une restructuration du cheptel et une intensification de la production en intégrant les cultures fourragères ainsi qu’une mise à niveau des marchés de bestiaux. Dans le gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid où l’élevage ovin occupe une place de choix dans l’économie régionale, les systèmes de production agricole connaîssent une...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52000

INDIANA FARM-LEVEL IMPACTS OF POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY BANS ON SELECTED SOYBEAN INSECTICIDES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cashman,   Christopher M.; Martin,   Marshall A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29494

A Laboratory Investigation of Compliance Behavior under Tradable Emissions Rights: Implications for Targeted Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test the theoretical observations that both the violations of competitive risk-neutral firms and the marginal effectiveness of increased enforcement across firms are independent of differences in their abatement costs and their initial allocations of permits. This conclusion has important implications for enforcing emissions trading programs because it suggests that regulators have no justification for targeting their enforcement effort based on firm-level characteristics. Consistent with the theory, we find that subjects' violations were independent of parametric differences in their abatement costs. However, those subjects that were predicted to buy permits tended to have higher violation levels than those who...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14513

Environmental Impacts of Emerging Biomass Feedstock Markets: Energy, Agriculture, and the Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dodder,   Rebecca S.; Amani,   Elobeid; Johnson,   Timothy L.; Kaplan,   P. Ozge; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Secchi,   Silvia; Tokgoz,   Simla.
The tighter linkages between energy and crop markets due to recent climate and energy legislation in the US have large potential environmental impacts beyond carbon sequestration and climate mitigation. These range from effects on water quality and quantity, soil erosion, habitat and biodiversity preservation. These impacts are very location and management-decision specific, as they are the product of atomistic decisions and depend on soil and landscape specific variables. In order to fully understand the effects of biomass markets, the new and stronger linkages and feedback effects between national- and global-scale energy and commodity markets must be properly understood and identified using an integrated perspective. We discuss the various interactions...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy and Commodity markets linkages; Integrated energy system assessment; Environmental impacts; Biofuels.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118453

The Benefits of Reduced Air Pollutants in the U.S. from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Toman,   Michael.
Policies that reduce emissions of greenhouse gases can simultaneously alter emissions of conventional pollutants that have deleterious effects on human health and the environment. This paper first describes how these "ancillary" benefits--benefits in addition to reduced risks of climate change--can result from greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts. It then discusses methodologies for assessing ancillary benefits and provides a critical review of estimates associated with reductions of criteria air pollutants. We find that these benefits in the U.S. may be significant, indicating a higher level of "no regrets" greenhouse gas abatement than might be expected based on simple economic calculations of abatement cost. However, the magnitude of ancillary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10496

Nutrient Trading, the Flush Tax, and Maryland's Nitrogen Emissions to the Chesapeake Bay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   James C.; McConnell,   Kenneth E.
We investigate nutrient trading for point and non-point sources for the Bay Restoration Fund in Maryland. We demonstrate how to use the proceeds from the tax revenue to mimic trading high-cost upgrades of sewage treatment plants for low-cost winter cover crops. Under an optimistic assumption about costs for non-point sources, we calculate that abatement could be increased by more than 50%, while in a pessimistic scenario, abatement could be increased by 2%. We also explore the role of uncertainty in determining the appropriate trading ratio between point and non-point sources of pollution, showing that the higher uncertainty associated with non-point sources should induce a lower trading ratio.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Chesapeake Bay; Cover crops; Nitrogen abatement; Nutrient trading; Sewage treatment plants; Trading ratios; Water pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7343

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Climate Change. An Updated CGE Point of View
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Pierfederici,   Roberta.
The present research describes a climate change integrated impact assessment exercise, whose economic evaluation is based on a CGE approach and modeling effort. Input to the CGE model comes  from a wide although still partial set of up-to-date bottom-up impact studies. Estimates indicate that a temperature increase of 1.92°C compared to pre-industrial levels in 2050 could lead to global GDP losses of approximately 0.5% compared to a hypothetical scenario where no climate change is assumed to occur. Northern Europe is expected to benefit from the evaluated temperature increase (+0.18%), while Southern and Eastern Europe are expected to suffer from the climate change scenario under analysis (-0.15% and -0.21% respectively). Most vulnerable countries are the...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Modeling; Impact Assessment; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121700

The Effects of Scenic and Environmental Amenities on Agricultural Land Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wasson,   James; McLeod,   Donald M.; Bastian,   Christopher T.; Rashford,   Benjamin S.
Ascribing land value solely to productive capacity does not accurately capture the impact environmental amenities provide on western land prices. Agricultural land prices in Wyoming are estimated using a hedonic price model and Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) data. These GIS measurements include on-parcel wildlife and fish habitat, viewscape attributes and distance to protected federal lands. A feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) approach is used to address both spatial autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The estimation is robust and highly significant. Results indicate that amenities as well as productivity are significant in explaining land values for the sample analyzed. Such information is useful for landscape management in the face of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61597

REVIEW OF THE ECONOMICS OF THE COMMUNITY SURFACE DRAINAGE PROGRAM IN THE SHEPPARTON IRRIGATION REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Montecillo,   Olive P.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124092

TRADE POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: THE CASE OF EXPORT SUBSIDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leetmaa,   Susan E.; Krissoff,   Barry; Hartmann,   Monika.
The United States and the European Union both employ export subsidies to stimulate wheat trade and to increase their competitiveness in world markets.  The environmental consequences of these policies are being questioned.  We simulate reducing or removing export subsidies for wheat from the United States and the EU using a multicountry partial equilibrium model, and we analyze the impact of export subsidy policy reform on nitrogen fertilizer and other chemical use.  Our findings indicate that the U.S. EEP program cannot be blamed for environmental degradation in terms of nitrate leaching, while EU wheat subsides make only a small contribution to nitrate pollution.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31403

Economic Efficiency of Short-Term Versus Long-Term Water Rights Buyouts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wheeler,   Erin A.; Golden,   Bill B.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Because of the decline of the Ogallala Aquifer, water districts, regional water managers, and state water officers are becoming increasingly interested in conservation policies. This study evaluates both short-term and long-term water rights buyout policies. This research develops dynamic production functions for the major crops in the Texas Panhandle. The production functions are incorporated into optimal temporal allocation models that project annual producer behavior, crop choices, water use, and aquifer declines over 60 years. Results suggest that long-term buyouts may be more economically efficient than short-term buyouts.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dynamic production function; Nonlinear optimization; Ogallala Aquifer; Water rights buyout; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46987

Prescriptive use of Environmental Indices: A "How To" Guide for Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea.
A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; H57; Q21; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24764

PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LESS-FAVORED AREAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Spanish version at:  http://www.ifpri.org/spanish/2020/focus/focus04sp.htm  Contents:  Overview, by John Pender and Peter Hazell; Technologies for the east African highlands, by Frank Place; Technologies for the tropical Andes, by Tom Walker, et al.; Technologies for the southeast Asian uplands, by Sushil Pandey; Returns to public investment: evidence from India and China, by Shenggen Fan and Peter Hazell; Development strategies for semiarid south Asia, by John Kerr; Development strategies for the east African highlands, by John Pender; Development strategies for west Africa, by Simeon Ehui, Samuel Benin and Dunstan Spencer; The role of agricultural science, by Shawki Barghouti and Peter Hazell
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16035

FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL WARMING: ALTERNATIVE FARMING SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Lohr,   Luanne.
According to Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, agricultural soil could be used as a sink for carbon sequestration. Soil sequestration of carbon provides dual benefits: an increase in soil productivity and a reduction in atmospheric carbon concentration. The gain in soil productivity is a slow process and attaining a steady-state level of carbon in soil takes several years. A frequently encountered difficulty in this situation is how to discount the future benefit of carbon sequestration into a current term. We compared the net benefit of four alternative management systems using discount rates based on the sliding gamma distribution, market rate of investment, and the social rate of time preference. We also calculated the sustainability of these alternate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Conservation practices; Strong and weak sustainability; Discounting method; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31656

Effects of Markets on Poverty and Economic Inequality: Evolutionary and Ethical Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Taking into account Kuznet’s hypothesis, considers the general relationship between the evolution and extension of market systems and the incidence of poverty and economic inequality.  It suggests that a re-evaluation of the Kuznet’s curve is needed because income inequality has been rising in many countries, with growing economic liberalisation, expansion of globalisation and greater reliance on markets.  Nevertheless, societies that experience a rapid transition from traditional, centrally controlled, or social welfare economic systems to market-based ones often experience a substantial rise in their incidence of poverty and income inequality, at least initially. Some of the reasons for this and the processes mentioned are outlined. The recent upward...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Kuznet's curve; Economic inequality; Poverty; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123543

Das moderne Konzept der internen Subventionierung als Kriterium zur Identifizierung von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen bei europäischen Agrarumweltmaßnahmen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin; Witzke,   Heinz Peter.
Both WTO and the EU use a “Rule of additional costs” (RAC) to restrict payments for ecological services in agriculture in order to prevent trade distortions. We assess this rule in the light of modern economic theory. It is shown that the RAC is efficient, if conventional agriculture is competitive without other payments. In regions where agriculture is not competitive though and is said to be important for ecological purposes the payments for ecological services must exceed additional costs. In these cases three criteria exist to prevent trade distortions as far as possible: the regions in which farmers are eligible to more than additional costs must be clearly defined by economic and ecological indicators, payments must not exceed the costs for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Rule of additional costs; Environmental payments; Competitiveness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98257

IMPACT OF THE 1998 ICE STORM ON THE EASTERN ONTARIO MAPLE SYRUP INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTER POLICY IN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kidon,   Jennifer; Fox,   Glenn.
Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency.  A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11830

On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: A Conceptual Framework for Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobbs,   Jill E.; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Gray,   Richard S.; Kerr,   William A.; Larue,   Bruno.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55297

INDUCED POLICY INNOVATION: ENIVRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DAIRIES IN TEXAS AND FLORIDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurow,   Amy Purvis; Holt,   John.
Environmental policies make a difference in shaping producers' choices among dairy production technologies, the sizes and locations of their dairies, and even which dairies ultimately survive.  Induced policy innovation means producers reacting to policies, and policies, in turn, being shaped by their effects.  Profiles of experiences with environmental compliance in Texas and Florida were analyzed.  Results demonstrate that the timing and sequencing of policy signals make a difference in compliance behavior and options.  Furthermore, ex ante assessments of the costs of environmental compliance are challenging to carry out, and consequently can undermine the policy goal of maintaining the maximum number of options for compliance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Ex ante policy assessment; Induced policy innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15527

THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM: LOCALLY MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Schulz,   Mary A.; Schweikhardt,   David B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11822

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: POLICY REFORM IS NOT ENOUGH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taff,   Steven J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14027

Core-stable Rings in Second Price Auctions with Common Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forges,   Francoise; Orzach,   Ram.
In a common value auction in which the information partitions of the bidders are connected, all rings are core-stable. More precisely, the ex ante expected utilities of rings, at the (noncooperative) sophisticated equilibrium proposed by Einy, Haimanko, Orzach and Sela (Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2002), describe a cooperative game, in characteristic function form, in spite of the underlying strategic externalities. A ring is core-stable if the core of this characteristic function is not empty. Furthermore, every ring can implement its sophisticated equilibrium strategy by means of an incentive compatible mechanism.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Bayesian Game; Collusion; Core; Partition Form Game; Characteristic Function; Environmental Economics and Policy; C71; C72; D44.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96668

Multilateral Trade Agreements and Market-Based Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Yoshino,   Yutaka.
We review the legal provisions of the WTO regime that have important implications for national, market-based environmental policies. We evaluate those provisions for their effects on a member country's ability and incentives to design economically efficient environmental policies. International trade institutions do not recognize the polluter pays principle, posing some challenges for unilateral policies addressing cross-border pollutants and leakage. Nor do they recognize the economic equivalence of emission tax and permit regimes, leading to different potential constraints on policy design and leaving some environmental policies open to influence by protectionist motives. As many legality issues have yet to be disputed and resolved, opportunities exist...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; WTO; GATT; Market-based policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F1; Q38.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10758

RiVAS and RiVAS+: Opportunities for Application of a Multi-Criteria River Value Assessment System Approach which Considers Existing and Potential States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.; Sinner,   Jim; Booth,   Kay.
The River Values Assessment System (RiVAS) uses a combination of expert panels and multi criteria analysis to identify primary attributes (or main features) of river values (e.g., whitewater kayaking, native birds) and their key indicators. The resulting data set is used to rank rivers for their existing (instream) and potential (out-of-stream) significance. The RiVAS method has been applied to seven values and tested across a range of councils with most focus in Tasman District. The tool has demonstrated utility and is very cost effective to implement. Further development has now led to RiVAS+ to consider potential significance for instream values, using the same attributes and indicators, and also identifying the interventions needed to achieve these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: River values; Prioritisation system; Existing and potential; Interventions; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115406

Using Choice Modelling to assess the willingness to pay of Queensland households to reduce greenhouse emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ivanova,   Galina; Rolfe,   John; Tucker,   Gail.
This paper presents the results of a choice modeling survey of households in Queensland to assess values for reductions in national greenhouse emissions by 2020. The study is novel in two main ways. First, labeled alternatives were used to assess whether the types of broad management options for reducing net emissions (green power, alternative technologies or carbon capture) are significant in understanding preferences for reducing emissions. Second, the importance of the level and type of uncertainty involved in reductions is tested. They include (1) the uncertainty of achieving emissions reduction and (2) the uncertainty of international participation as the percentage of total global emissions covered by international agreements. The results of this...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95051

Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung integrierter Fördermaßnahmen an der Schnittstelle Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Ländliche Entwicklung im Rahmen der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1257/99
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knickel,   Karlheinz.
EC Regulation 1257/99 of 17 May 1999 underlines the intention of the European Commission of an integrated rural development policy. In this paper the chances are examined that this new policy orientation offers for a more multifunctional agriculture. Possibilities for the implementation of integrated support measures at the interface of agriculture, environment and rural development are presented. First, functional relationships between agriculture and rural development are explored on the basis of three examples. This is followed by a more analytical section on relevant experiences, data and concepts. The significance of 'new', agriculture-related activities in rural areas is underlined. A paradigm shift from volumes and costs of production towards...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Rural development; EC Regulation 1257/99; Rural development programmes; Agricultural policy; Multifunctional agriculture; Value added; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98864

The economic assessment of changes in ecosystem services: and application of the CGE methodology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Rosa,   Renato.
The present study integrates Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling with biodiversity services, proposing a possible methodology for assessing climate-change impacts on ecosystems. The assessment focuses on climate change impacts on carbon sequestration services provided by European forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and on provisioning services, but provided by forest and cropland ecosystems only. To do this via a CGE model it is necessary to identify first the role that these ecosystem services play in marketable transactions; then how climate change can impact these services; and finally how the economic system reacts to those changes by adjusting demand and supply across sectors, domestically and internationally
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecosystems services; Integrated assessment; CGE; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117622

Transcending the Limitations of Environmental Economic Framing: Toward a Metaeconomics of Environmental Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Czap,   Natalia V.; Czap,   Hans J.; Khachaturyan,   Marianna; Lynne,   Gary D.; Burbach,   Mark E.
This paper further tests dual interest theory and the metaeconomics approach to environmental choice, recognizing a possible role for empathy-sympathy (the basis for an internalized, shared other-interest) in tempering and conditioning the more fundamental tendency to pursue self-interest. To test, we focus on rivers flowing through agricultural areas carrying sediments, chemicals, and fertilizers which are making their way into downstream rivers and lakes. We use data from a framed experiment. Farmers decide on the usage of conservation technology to lessen impacts on the water quality in downstream areas, which is more costly. The results confirm our hypotheses, demonstrating that upstream farmers who practice conservation are tempering profit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dual-interest model; Metaeconomics; Empathy; Sympathy; Selfism; Environmental experiment; Behavioral economics; Water quality; Conservation tillage; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C9; D03; Q25; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102866

Producer Preference for Land-Based Biological Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: An Economic Inquiry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Koo,   Won W.
This study was intended to develop an understanding of producer preference for land-based carbon sequestration in agriculture. We conducted a mail survey to elicit producer choice to provide marketable carbon offsets by participating in different carbon credit programs characterized by varying practices. Based on a quantitative analysis, we found that: 1) the market price for carbon offsets could increase producer participation in carbon sequestration; 2) producers perceived differentially different but correlated private costs for adopting carbon sequestering practices, depending on production attributes; and 3) relatively high carbon prices would be needed to stimulate producer provision of carbon offsets by land-based carbon sequestration activities. A...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Carbon sequestration; Producer stated preferences; Agriculture; Economics; Carbon offsets; Carbon markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104512

Reshaping agricultural peatland use climate friendly in selected German regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaller,   Lena; Kantelhardt,   Jochen; Hübner,   Rico; Freibauer,   Annette; Droesler,   Matthias.
About 30 percent of the world’s soil carbon is stored in peat soils. Peatland’s functional principle of carbon storage greatly depends on management strategies. Therefore agricultural peatland use becomes a focal point of interest in the current debate on climate protection. Agricultural management demands a drawdown of the water-level that causes aerobe degradation of the soils, as well as trace-gas emissions which have a negative impact on greenhouse-gas balance. Climate-friendly peatland management strategies, however, demand enhanced groundwater tables and decreased land-use intensity. Against this background we analyse ways of re-organising agricultural peatland use within a case study located in Germany, where intensive peatland use accounts for 2.3...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural peatland use; Reduction of greenhouse gases; Farm survey; Economic consequences; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q54; R58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51547

GHG Mitigation Policies in Livestock Sectors:  Competitiveness, Emission Leakage and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Henderson,   Benjamin B.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Recent research on livestock’s role in climate change has raised awareness about contribution that livestock climate policies can make to global mitigation efforts, and has increased the likelihood that mitigation policies will eventually be imposed on the sector. This study investigates effects of GHG mitigation policies on livestock sectors emissions and production by regional sector under a range of global mitigation polices that are broadly aligned with the different responsibilities of developed and developing countries under the UNFCCC. The study also examines emission leakage effects, impacts on food security in developing countries, and the implications of large informal livestock sectors in regions such as Sub Saharan Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; C68; Q15; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103425

An Economic Assessment of Space Solar Power as a Source of Electricity for Space-Based Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Davis,   James F.
We develop a conceptual model of the economic value of space solar power (SSP) as a source of power to in-space activities, such as spacecraft and space stations. We offer several estimates of the value based on interviews and published data, discuss technological innovations that may compete with or be complementary to SSP, and consider alternative institutional arrangements for government and the private sector to provide SSP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O32; L98.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10794

Transaction Costs of CDM Projects in India - An Empirical Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krey,   Matthias.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26112

Price effects of an emissions trading scheme in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lennox,   James A.; Andrew,   Robbie; Forgie,   V.
Implementation of a New Zealand Emission Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) will begin in 2008, beginning with forestry, subsequently including energy and industrial emissions, and finally, agricultural GHGs from 2013. Reducing agricultural emissions is a major challenge for New Zealand as they account for over half its total GHG emissions. On the other hand, agriculture is critical to the economy, with its basic and processed products accounting for a third of exports. We use an environmental input-output model to analyse direct and indirect cost impacts of emissions pricing on food and fibre sectors. At NZ $25/t CO₂-eq, costs of energy-related emissions on the food and fibre sectors are very small; however, costs of agricultural emissions post 2013 would...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Input-output price model; Agricultural greenhouse gases; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6678

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. PORK EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
Environmental concerns linked to hog production are growing in the United States and the European Union and therefore new regulations controlling animal manure management are being imposed to address these concerns. This study determines that potential increases in U.S. environmental regulation would have minimal effects on the relative competitiveness of U.S. pork exports, while much more stringent EU regulation has the potential to significantly impact EU competitiveness and contribute to continued increases in U.S. pork export quantities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21808

Environmentally-Oriented Innovative Strategies and Firm Performances in Services. Micro-Evidence from Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper aims at analysing the role of the environment in innovative strategies based on firm economic performance indicators such as employment, turnover, and labour productivity growth. We exploit a unique dataset of 773 Italian service firms with 20 or more employees comprising 1993-1995 CIS II data on firm innovation strategic motivations and 1995-1998 data on employment, turnover, and labour productivity from the System of the Enterprise Account (SEA). We specify a Gibrat-like empirical model in which the covariates include firm strategies (innovation and environmental), and a set of other explanatory variables and controls. Our econometric findings show a negative link between environmental motivations and growth in employment and turnover and a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Services; Firm Environmental Strategies; Firm Growth; CIS Survey; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C23; D21; O32; Q55.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6922

The Effect of Risk, Ambiguity and Coordination on Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change: A Framed Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alpizar,   Francisco; Carlsson,   Fredrik; Naranjo,   Maria.
The risk of losses of income and productive means due to adverse weather associated to climate change can significantly differ between farmers sharing a productive landscape. It is important to learn more about how farmers react to different levels of risk, under measurable and unmeasurable uncertainty. Moreover, the costs associated to investments in reduced vulnerability to climatic events are likely to exhibit economies of scope. We explore these issues using a framed field experiment that captures realistically the main characteristics of production, and the likely weather related losses of premium coffee farmers in Tarrazu, Costa Rica. Given that the region recently was severely hit by an extreme, albeit very infrequent, climatic event, we expected to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk Aversion; Ambiguity Aversion; Technology Adoption; Climate change; Field Experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; D81; H41; Q16; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92708

STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF PRODUCTION FREE FROM CHEMICAL USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kis,   Sandor.
The assumption, that in case of production different from the conventional one, operational and production risk are increasing in farms, is supported by the calculations. Input/output relations undergo a change in each sector and this may have serious financial outcomes, which would importantly determine profit yielding capacity and efficiency of farming. The statement of Offermann and Nieberg is true of the cost structure, according to which essential cost difference between the two technologies can not be measured. By the aid of the calculation, it was successfully verified – in compliance with the opinion of Wookey – that organic production can be as profitable, as the conventional production or even more so. In contradiction to Bmvel’s data, it can be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Turning on; Profitability; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58904

ÉTICA E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Silva,   Jose Maria Alves da.
The objective of this article is to weave hermeneutic considerations and philosophies concerning ethics, economy and climate, with a specific focus on the relationship between Kant's categorical imperative and the question of improved sustainability. The economic perspective of Georgescu-Roegen has been considered, to this end. Although economy, ethics and biology constitute distinct fields of specialization, this work seeks to show reasons for which this perspective could be seen as an intersection between the three disciplines. The article concludes with the message of Georgescu-Roegan, held in his saying “minimal bioeconomic program” in accordance with the fundamental precepts of the Kantian ethics, in respect to the question of sustainability.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Sustainable Development; Kant's; Georgescu-Roegen; Bioeconomy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53248

ASSESSING THE COSTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGES: A SITE-SPECIFIC, POLICY-SCALE MODELING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Adams,   Richard M.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Tanaka,   Katsuya.
The growth in federal conservation programs has created a need for policy modeling frameworks capable of measuring micro-level behavioral responses and macro-level landscape changes. This paper presents an empirical model that predicts crop choices, crop rotations, and conservation tillage adoption as a function of conservation payment levels, profits, and other variables at more than 42,000 agricultural sites of the National Resource Inventory (NRI) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Predicted changes in crop choices and tillage practices are then fed into site-specific environmental production functions to determine changes in nitrate runoff and leaching and in water and wind erosion at each NRI site. This policy-scale model is applied to the case of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Conservation practices; Green payments; Land use changes; Nitrate runoff and leaching; Non-point pollution; Soil erosion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18475

IMPACTS OF LARGE SCALE EXPANSION OF BIOFUELS ON GLOBAL POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Timilsina,   Govinda R.; Mevel,   Simon.
This paper analyzes the impact of expansion in biofuels on the global economy, income distribution and poverty. It utilizes simulation results of two World Bank models: a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model integrated with biofuels, land-use, and climate change modules, and a global income distribution model that utilizes household survey data of 116 countries. The first model simulates the effects over time of large scale expansion of biofuels on resource allocation, output prices, commodity prices, factor prices, and household income of the different countries and regions in the world. The second model uses these results recursively to calculate the impact on global income distribution and poverty. The results from the CGE model indicate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91279

The Production and Consumption Accounting Principles as a Guideline for Designing Environmental Tax Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrano,   Monica.
This paper evaluates two alternative tax policies aimed at reducing atmospheric pollutant emissions. One based upon an environmental tax that burdens directly firms’ emissions, and the other one that burdens both directly and indirectly household consumption’s emissions. Applying input-output approach, we reallocate the emissions generated in the economy according to the responsibility definition, i.e. the production or the consumption accounting principle. Afterwards, we analyse the effects on the products’ prices of implementing an ad-quantum environmental tax based on the Producer Pays Principle (PPP) and/or on the User Pays Principle (UPP). The results obtained, show that both PPP and UPP environmental tax have the same effect on the final products’...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12032

How Do Economists Really Think About the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fullerton,   Don; Stavins,   Robert N.
On a topic like the environment, communication among scholars from different disciplines in the natural and social sciences is both important and difficult, but such communication has been far from perfect. Economists themselves may have contributed to some rather fundamental misunderstandings about how economists think about the environment, perhaps through our enthusiasm for market solutions, perhaps by neglecting to make explicit all of the necessary qualifications, and perhaps simply by the use of jargon that has specific meaning only to other economists. In this brief essay, we seek to clarify some of these misunderstandings and thus to improve future interdisciplinary communication. We hope that natural scientists and other non-economists will take...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market failure; Economic analysis; Efficiency; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H4; L51.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10910

Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Bacteriophage Technology Treated Fresh Produce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Goktepe,   Ipek; Naanwaab,   Cephas B.; Kyei,   Foster Ofori.
The United States is remarkably safe, when it comes to food supply. Nevertheless, food can become contaminated with a variety of germs. According to reports by a food safety group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, food-borne illness caused by bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella not only take a huge toll on American consumers’ health but they cost the United States an estimated $152 billion annually in health care and other losses. To curb this increasing phenomenon, there has been a reintroduction of bacteriophage in the treatment of bacteria on raw foods. This study utilized a survey questionnaire administered by telephone to consumers in four different states; Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.  In this study, as...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay; Bacteriophage; Fresh produce; Logit model; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119733

OPTIMAL REGULATION UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND RISK AVERSION WITH AN APPLICATION TO POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe; Thomas,   Alban.
We consider a general model of regulation for a risk-averse agent who observes her private-information parameter after the contract is signed. The latter specifies a quota for input used in production, whose decomposition among different production stages is unknown to the regulator. We characterize the optimal solution to the regulator problem, under general assumptions on net expected social surplus and the agent utility function. We apply the model to the case of pollution control by an environmental agency, where the agent is a risk-averse farmer facing production risk because of nitrogen leaching, and the private-information parameter measures the soil capacity in retaining nitrogen. The farmer sequential decision model is estimated on French crop...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20727

Front Materials
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Table of Contents, Editorial Information
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104625

A Theoretical Model of Optimal Compliance Decisions under Different Penalty Designs in Emissions Trading Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Restiani,   Phillia; Betz,   Regina.
This paper employs a theoretical model to examine compliance incentives and market efficiency under three penalty types: the fixed penalty rate, which uses a constant marginal financial penalty; the make-good provision (quantity penalty), where each missing permit in the current period is to be offset with a ratio (restoration rate) in the following period; and a mixed penalty, which combines the two penalty types. Using a simple two-period model of firm's profit maximisation, we analyse compliance decisions and the efficient penalty level under each penalty type. Firms‟ compliance strategies are modelled as an irreversible investment in abatement measures and permit buying in the market. Our findings indicate that the penalty type does not affect...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Penalty design; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107585

Uncertainty in Integrated Assessment Models of Climate Change: Alternative Analytical Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alexander; Narita,   Daiju; Schmidt,   Matthias G.W.
Uncertainty plays a key role in the economics of climate change, and the discussions surrounding its implications for climate policy are far from settled. We give an overview of the literature on uncertainty in integrated assessment models of climate change and identify some future research needs. In the paper, we pay particular attention to three different and complementary approaches that model uncertainty in association with integrated assessment models: the discrete uncertainty modeling, the most common way to incorporate uncertainty in complex climate-economy models: the real options analysis, a simplified way to identify and value flexibility: the continuous-time stochastic dynamic programming, which is computationally most challenging but necessary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Learning; Economics of Climate Change; Integrated Assessment Models; Real Options; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q54; C61.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99638

Environmental Restoration of Invaded Ecosystems: How Much Versus How Often?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
This paper derives the optimal level of restorative efforts required to restore environments degraded by invasive species invasion. Specific attention is focused upon a case when the restoration efforts face the risk of failure through relapse of the restored environment. The level of restored environment may also play a role in its future improvement or susceptibility to failure. The tradeoff between the optimal level of environmental quality and number of restorative efforts required to attain that given environmental quality is analyzed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental restoration; Resiliency; Restoration failure; Invasive species; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15661

Technology Adoption And Pest Control Strategies Among  UK Cereal Farmers: Evidence from Parametric and  Nonparametric Count Data Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Abhijit; Bailey,   Alastair; Fraser,   Iain.
This paper examines technology adoption and integrated pest management strategies employed by UK farmers, using both parametric and nonparametric methods.  We employ a unique survey data set collected from UK cereal farmers to assess  the determinants of technology adoption in relation to pest management. Our preferred model specification is nonparametric which makes use of the recently developed methods of Li and Racine (2007) and Racine and Li (2004). These methods allow us to combine categorical and continuous data and thereby avoid sample splitting and resulting efficiency losses. Our analysis reveals that total area farmed is positively related to the number of technologies adopted, whereas age is negatively  related. We also find evidence of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Adoption; Cereal farming; UK; Nonparametric; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; O14; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51335

Environmental Regulation, Market Power and Price Discrimination in the Agricultural Chemical Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Vincent H.; Johnson,   James B.
Chemical companies generally support environmental regulatory segregation Canadian and U.S. agricultural chemical markets, apparently because it enables them to practice third order price discrimination.  This study provides new cross section evidence that suggests price discrimination is practiced.  We examine the potential implications chemical market desegregation for agricultural chemical prices, farmer welfare, and consumer welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price discrimination; Agricultural chemicals; Economic welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19520

Wind Integration into Various Generation Mixtures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maddaloni,   Jesse D.; Rowe,   Andrew M.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
A load balance model is used to quantify the economic and environmental effects of integrating wind power into three typical generation mixtures. System operating costs over a specified period are minimized by controlling the operating schedule of existing power generating facilities for a range of wind penetrations. Unlike other studies, variable generator efficiencies, and thus variable fuel costs, are taken into account, as are the ramping constraints on thermal generators. Results indicate that system operating cost will increase by 15% to 110% (pending generation mixture) at a wind penetration of 100% of peak demand. Results also show that some mixtures will exhibit cost reductions on the order of 13% for moderate wind penetrations and high wind farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind power integration; Generation mixtures; Emissions cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; Q50.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37044

ECONOMIC MODELING OF FARM PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION DECISIONS IN RESPONSE TO ALTERNATIVE RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellis,   John R.; Hughes,   David W.; Butcher,   Walter R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28822

State Government support for WA farmers experiencing adverse seasons in 1998 to 2001: A comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coyle,   Peter; Mayberry,   Chris.
In response to a series of adverse weather events, in parts of the cereal crop belt from 1998 to 2001, the State and the Commonwealth Governments implemented support measures for farmers in the cereal belt of Western Australia. A critique of the State Government Adverse Seasonal Conditions in the Agricultural Sector (ASCAS) support packages is presented. The schemes are expensive, could adversely affect the normal adjustment process, have subjective boundaries, deliver grants to some multi millionaires, attract a small element of clearly ineligible claimants, and in 2001 the second ASCAS package was provided prior to excellent late winter and spring rains.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adverse weather; Drought relief policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57853

Limited Cooperation in International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
Governments' desire to ameliorate environmental problems may conflict with other goals. Policy levels which balance different objectives can be altered by policy changes in other countries. A decrease in the importance of the pollution problem, or an increase in its global extent, increase the likelihood that tighter environmental regulations in one region induce laxer policies elsewhere. The transboundary character and the importance of environmental externalities also affect the amount of cooperation needed to improve members' welfare in a coalition. More global pollution problems require a larger coalition. However, the critical coalition size may be larger or smaller for more severe problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Limited cooperation; International environmental agreements; Strategic complements and substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; H21; L13; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6286

FACTORS INFLUENCING OPTIMAL STOCKING RATES FROM A TENANT PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: May,   Gary J.; Jones,   Rodney D.; Langemeier,   Michael R.; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.
The terms of grazing lease contracts potentially influence the tenant’s incentive to preserve the vegetation resource. Annual stocking rate decisions dictate the degree of overgrazing, which can be cumulative over long periods of time. The objective of this study is to identify the impact the tenant’s planning horizon and cost structure specified in the lease contract has on his/her profit-maximizing stocking rate. A multi-period nonlinear programming model was developed to identify economically optimal stocking rates each year over a 24-year period. The model was solved under 1-, 4-, 8-, and 12-year leases on a “per acre” and “per head” basis.  The relative importance of each lease alternative and input variable on the tenant’s optimal stocking rate was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16632

Linking Forests and Economic Well-Being: A Four-Quadrant Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Sen; DesRoches,   C. Tyler; Sun,   Lili; Stennes,   Brad; Wilson,   Bill; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This paper has three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether the four-quadrant approach introduced by Maini (2003) reveals a useful typology for grouping countries by GDP and forest cover per capita, (2) to determine if the framework can enhance our understanding of the relationship between forest cover and GDP per capita, and (3) to investigate why countries in the four-quadrant world occupy different quadrants, and to determine the principal factors affecting country-movement across and within the individual quadrants. The examination reveals that countries can be classified into four broad categories, and that GDP and forest cover per capita have a low but consistent level of negative association. After regressing economic, institutional, social...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic well-being; Forest cover; Institutions; Corruption; Education; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; G00; I20; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37036

Economics of Controlling Invasive Species: A Stochastic Optimisation Model for a Spatial-Dynamic Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.; Polyakov,   Maksym.
Invasive species are significant threats to biodiversity, natural ecosystems and agriculture leading to large worldwide economic and environmental damage. Spread and control of invasive species are stochastic processes with important spatial dimensions. Most economic studies of invasive species control ignore spatial and stochastic aspects. This paper covers this gap in the previous studies by analysing a spatially explicit dynamic process of controlling invasive species in a stochastic setting. We show how stochasticity, spatial location of infestation and control can influence the spread, control efficiency and optimal control strategies. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between economic parameters and stochastic spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115513

Health Risk Analysis of Heating Fuel Choice: Case Study in Kentucky
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zheng.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/03/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Combustion-generated pollutants; Indoor air pollution; Heating fuel choice; Health risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46728

The Economic Cost of CO2 Emission Cuts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xiaobing.
We follow Schmalensee, Stoker, and Judson (1998) to forecast CO2 emissions based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Our findings suggest that the EKC will not lead to significant decreases in CO2 emissions even by 2050 for countries with the highest incomes. Therefore, mandatory emissions cuts are required to limit climate change. In the same spirit of Horowitz (2009) and Ng and Zhao (2010), we then use a reduced-form approach to estimate the economic costs of mandatory emission cuts. Based on our parameter estimates, we find that a 25% mandatory deduction in CO2 emissions from 1990 will lead to a 5.63% decrease in the combined GDP of the 19 OECD countries, and a 40% deduction will result in a 12.92% loss in income (holding other relevant variables...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Economic Cost; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103413

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND POVERTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rosch,   Stephanie D.
Even though much has been written about climate change and poverty as distinct and complex problems, the link between them has received little attention. Understanding this link is vital for the formulation of effective policy responses to climate change. In this article, we focus on agriculture as a primary means by which the impacts of climate change are transmitted to the poor, and as a sector at the forefront of climate change mitigation efforts in developing countries. In so doing, we offer some important insights that may help shape future policies as well as ongoing research in this area.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91437

The Effect of Increased Trade on the U.S. Fruit Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueroa,   Enrique E.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121178

Eliciting values for environmental attributes of a private good using a real choice experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaud,   C.; Llerena,   D.
Markets for environmentally friendly products have been expanding during the last decade. These products provide both private benefits to the consumer and environmental – public – benefits. The demand for environmentally friendly products has consequently received a growing interest. Our study aims at studying consumers' choices for a non-food product, i.e. roses, with different environmental attributes. We combine a choice experiment with a laboratory experiment to provide real economic incentives.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Environmental attributes; Real economic incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44234

The Impact of Agriculture on Waterfowl Abundance: Evidence from Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Linda; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Clarke,   Judith A.
Agricultural expansion and intensification in Canada’s Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) have contributed to declining waterfowl populations since the 1970s. Although this region represents a mere 10% of North America’s waterfowl breeding habitat, it produces over 50% of the continent’s duck population and roughly 60% of Canada’s agricultural output. Thus, intense competition exists between private economic interests and public benefits in the PPR. To better understand the conflict between agricultural and wildlife uses of land, panel methods are used to examine the spatiotemporal variation of waterfowl populations and agricultural land use intensity in the PPR from 1961-2006. For the main static model, we find that a one percent increase in cropland or pasture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands protection; Spatial econometrics; GIS; Land use conflict; Migratory waterfowl; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C33; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98422

Rural Water Use and the Environment: The Role of Market Mechanisms
Provedor de dados: 31
The Productivity Commission released its final research report into "Rural Water Use and the Environment: The Role of Market Mechanisms" in August 2006.   The report indicates that there is scope for markets to play a greater role in improving the efficient use of water, including for environmental purposes. The Commission suggests that governments should give greater recognition to the integrated nature of water resources and use markets to more efficiently allocate water among competing users. Water for environmental purposes can be obtained cost effectively through purchasing a range of water products from willing sellers on the open market, including, but not limited to, water entitlements. This can often be more cost effective than investing in new...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8020

Poverty, Political Failure and the Use of Open Access Resources in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper begins by distinguishing open-access resources from common-property resources, the use of which is subject to communal rules.  In practice, it is suggested that these cases are the outcomes of a spectrum of property rights.  The standard economic theory of the use of open-access resources as developed by Western economists is outlined and ways in which it has limited applicability to developing countries are suggested.  This theory does not, for example, consider the possibility that incomes in open-access situations may fall to subsistence levels, as appears to be common in developing countries.  A model is presented in which the long-run equilibrium involves a subsistence level of income which may be at or near a poverty level.  This seems...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Common-property resources; Open-access resources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55094

Chemical Use Reductions in Urban Fringe Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelaja,   Adesoji O.; Sullivan,   Kevin P.; Hailu,   Yohannes G.; Govindasamy,   Ramu.
Using an augmented profit function framework designed to account for externalities related to chemical use in agriculture, this paper explains the chemical use choices of farmers in an urban fringe farming environment. It further estimates empirical logit models of reduced insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and fertilizer usage. Results suggest that farmers who perceive their regulatory environment to be strict, who have experienced right-to-farm conflicts, and who have farms larger in size are more likely to reduce their chemical use over time, vis-à-vis other farmers. The results also suggest the importance of other farm structural and business climate factors in determining chemical use reduction choices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chemical use; Sustainable agriculture; Herbicides; Fungicides; Fertilizer; Pesticides; Urban fringe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95646

Farm Income Issues Data Source Book
Provedor de dados: 31
This publication is a resource book of statistics on farm income in Canada. Farm income is a complex issue reflecting the complexity of Canadian farms and agricultural production in Canada. There are   approximately 247,000 farms in Canada of which some 98% are operated as family farms. To provide a better understanding of the financial conditions of farms in Canada and the families that operate these farms the   resource book focuses on both income and the pressures facing Canadian agriculture. Charts, figures and tables with brief accompanying text are used to summarize information and to provide base performance   indicators.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Statistics on farm income; Agricultural production; Financial conditions of farms in Canada; Performance indicators.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53933

Should we impose emissions taxes that firms evade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.
Most of the theoretical literature on enforcing environmental policies focuses on situations in which pollution sources are noncompliant. However, some recent work suggests that these situations will very often involve suboptimal policy designs. Thus, the circumstances under which it is efficient to implement policies that do not motivate full compliance appear to be more limited than most of the literature would imply.  In this paper, I identify several circumstances under which regulators may conserve enforcement costs by implementing emissions taxes that firms evade. I demonstrate that a regulator can use a firm’s tax evasion to reduce monitoring effort, but only if its monitoring strategy can be made an increasing function of the firm’s emissions, if...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Enforcement; Emissions Taxes; Monitoring; Sanctions; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93967

The New Roadmap for Measuring and Valuing Carbon in the Agribusiness Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Dawson.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agribusiness; Carbon market; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q; D.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54576

The $6.1 Million Question
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heinzerling,   Lisa; Ackerman,   Frank.
What is the dollar value of saving a human life? Cost-benefit analysis of health and environmental regulation requires such a number, yet the concept raises numerous ethical and philosophical questions. There are good general reasons to reject the entire enterprise of monetizing life, and specific reasons to criticize the methods used to create such values. Valuations of life are most often based on analysis of the wage premium for risky jobs. Recent EPA analyses have relied on an extensive but dated database of wage-risk estimates, leading to an inflation-adjusted estimate of $6.1 million per life in 1999 dollars. A more appropriate interpretation of that database implies an estimate of at least $9-11 million. Some newer studies suggest much lower values...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15571

Using Sciences to Improve the Economic Efficiency of Conservation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie.
In the last 20 years, both public and private expenditures on resource conservation and environmental protection have increased dramatically. However, there are numerous technical and political barriers to the efficient use of conservation funds. This paper discusses some of these barriers and approaches to overcoming them. It argues that ecosystem complexities such as threshold effects, ecosystem linkages, and spatial connections often mitigate against politically palatable criteria for resource allocation. Ignoring these complexities is likely to result in substantial efficiency losses. While challenges are daunting for the efficient management of conservation investments, payoff is potentially high for the use of sciences.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31373

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS: APPLICATION OF THE RANDOM UTILITY MODEL TO RECREATIONAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT FOR THE MP&amp;M EFFLUENT GUIDELINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tudor,   Lynne G.; Besedin,   Elena Y.; Fisher,   Michael; Smith,   Stuart.
The present study focuses on a state-wide case study to evaluate recreational benefits from forthcoming effluent limitation guidelines for the Metal Products and Machinery Industry.  The study combines water quality modeling and a random utility model to assess how changes in water quality from the regulation will affect consumer valuation of water resources.  Based on preliminary results,  the MP&amp;M regulation has the potential to generate substantial recreational benefits in Ohio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Recreational benefits; Random utility model; RUM; Recreational fishing; Boating; Swimming; Near water activities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21630

USING ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTALLY, ECOLOGICALLY, AND SOCIALLY-SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE: A POLICY-ORIENTED METHODOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Michael D.; Ryan,   Sarah A.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11871

Market-Based Approaches to CO2 Emissions: Implications for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raymond,   Leigh; Shively,   Gerald E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; H00; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94505

Consumer's behaviour with respect to meat demand in the presence of animal disease concerns: the special case of consumers who eat bison, elk, and venison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Myae,   Aye C.; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Prion diseases have raised concerns in consumer’s minds about food safety associated with meat world-wide. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) both exist in Canada and consumer markets for beef, bison, elk and deer may have been affected by the diseases.  While numerous studies have examined Canadian consumer beef purchasing behavior in the presence of BSE (Lomeli (2005), John(2007)), no examination of the impact of the animal diseases on consumer behavior for households who consume bison, elk and venison as part of their protein intake has been undertaken. In this study, meat consumption behavior for these specific households is examined, in particular, examining meat substitution possibilities between the exotic meats...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer's behaviour with respect to meat demand; Consumers who eat bison; Elk; And venison; BSE; CWD; Media coverage; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61468

Capital Malleability and the Macroeconomic Costs of Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanzi,   Elisa; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper argues for introducing the role of capital malleability into the analysis of environmental policies. The issue is explored by means of a theoretical model, a numerical analysis and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Considering the three approaches together is fundamental in obtaining theory-compatible policy-relevant results. The model outcomes reveal differences between results under separate assumptions regarding the malleability of capital. When capital is imperfectly malleable a carbon policy is less effective than under the assumption of perfect malleability of capital. Therefore, it is important that, especially for the analysis of short-term environmental regulations, the issue of capital malleability is taken into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Equilibrium; CGE Models; Climate Change Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; H22; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59476

Economics of Water Quality Protection from Nonpoint Sources: Theory and Practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Horan,   Richard D.; Smith,   Mark E.
Water quality is a major environmental issue. Pollution from nonpoint sources is the single largest remaining source of water quality impairments in the United States. Agriculture is a major source of several nonpoint-source pollutants, including nutrients, sediment, pesticides, and salts. Agricultural nonpoint pollution reduction policies can be designed to induce producers to change their production practices in ways that improve the environmental and related economic consequences of production. The information necessary to design economically efficient pollution control policies is almost always lacking. Instead, policies can be designed to achieve specific environmental or other similarly related goals at least cost, given transaction costs and any...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Nonpoint-source pollution; Economic incentives; Standards; Education; Liability; Research; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33913

Potential Biomass Yields in the South Central US
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Basnet,   Arjun; Depona,   Theo; Hedges,   Wesley; Dicks,   Michael R.
This paper describes research to create a national database of switchgrass supply as part of the biomass program launched by the Department of Energy. The paper provides an estimate of county level switchgrass yield data for the state of Oklahoma. The estimates are made for the top five most productive and abundant soils for each county in Oklahoma. A simple approach of ratio calculation and estimation is used to predict the switchgrass yield of one soil type by comparing it with the yield of several other crops in another soil type. The data for switchgrass yield for a particular soil type are obtained from the state research experiment stations. The yields for other crops for the top five soils are obtained from the NASS data sources. Switchgrass supply...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Switchgrass; Ratio Estimation; South Central; Oklahoma; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98792

Valuing Ecosystem Services to Agricultural Production to Inform Policy Design: An Introduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Kragt,   Marit Ellen.
There is an ongoing policy debate regarding both how much government intervention there should be to protect ecosystems affected by agriculture, and how the costs of these interventions should be distributed across different interest groups. In accordance with the policy focus in most countries, the majority of the valuation literature on ecosystem services and agriculture estimates the benefits that managed agricultural landscapes can provide to the rest of society. We argue, however, that the efficiency and equity of policies for ecosystem services related to agriculture can be further enhanced by understanding the value and sources of ecosystem services that agricultural production receives. With this in mind, we survey studies and techniques for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96385

INSTITUIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS E DESMATAMENTO NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA EM NÍVEL DE MUNICÍPIO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araujo,   Paulo Thadeu M.; Melo,   Andrea S.S.A.
A discussão apresentada nesse trabalho constitui-se parte de um estudo que tenta entender o desmatamento da Amazônia Legal brasileira dentro de uma perspectiva institucional. Para isto, analisa a estrutura institucional ambiental dos municípios desta região, buscando identificar se diferenças nos arranjos institucionais destes municípios podem ter levado a distintas taxas de desmatamento durante o processo de crescimento econômico dos mesmos. O crescimento econômico da região tem se baseado fortemente na expansão da pecuária de corte e do cultivo da soja, atividades estas identificadas na literatura como principais responsáveis pelas taxas de desmatamento observadas. A análise da perspectiva institucional, através de informações referentes a instituições...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Amazônia legal brasileira; Municípios; Arranjos institucionais; Desmatamento; Brazilian Amazon legal; Municipalities; Institutional arrangements; Deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113384

Evaluating conservation auctions with limited information: the policy maker’s predicament
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Buying environmental services from private landholders using tendering mechanisms are usually subject to a budget constraint. Auction theory has mostly focused on target-constrained auctions and is less well developed for this type of auction. This paper examines a theoretical model specifically developed for budget-constrained tenders and assesses its capacity to predict tendering performance under information limitations typical of those found in field applications. But this assessment cannot be done without complementing the model with controlled laboratory experiments. Subject to their external validity, we find that the model is able to make the correct policy recommendation when comparing the tender to an equivalent fixed price scheme, even when the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100884

International Emission Strategies under the Threat of a Sudden Jump in Damages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkuiya,   Bruno.
We characterize the equilibrium level of emissions, the equilibrium stock of global pollution and the discounted net social welfare for both the cooperative and non-cooperative equilibria when the countries face the threat of a sudden irreversible jump in the global damages at an unknown date. The goal is to analyze the impact of this type of uncertainty on the equilibrium behavior of the countries. We find that it can have a significant effect on those equilibria. Countries reduce their emissions to mitigate their exposure to this threat. As the level of threat rises, countries adjust their emissions to lower the stock of pollutant. However, although initially this threat has the effect of lowering the discounted net welfare, it can in the long run have a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global pollution; Environmental uncertainty; Regime shift; Stochastic differential games; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C7; D81; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117826

Establishing a Baseline for Nitrogen Policy Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen; Nitrogen use efficiency; Nitrogen management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60925

Land Retirement Program Design in the Presence of Crop Insurance Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
The U.S. federal government implements environmental, biofuels and crop insurance programs that influence land use. They are not well integrated in that cost savings from crop insurance subsidies are not acknowledged when screening land for retirement or when calculating the cost of land retirement programs. We identify and evaluate an optimal benefit index for enrollment in a land retirement program that includes a sub-index to rank land according to insurance subsidy savings. All else equal, land ranked higher in the Lorenz stochastic order should be retired first.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agro-environmental policy; Budget; Conservation Reserve Program; Crop failure; Environmental Benefit Index; Lorenz order.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52236

Economics of Incorporating Public Participation in Efforts to Redress Degradation of Agricultural Land
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Graham R.
More and more environmental economists are finding themselves working within the unchartered territory of participatory governance. Yet many have not appreciated that the shift from progressive, or ‘technocentric’, governance to participatory governance signifies a corresponding departure from the modern worldview underpinning their theory. This paper has two aims. The first is to contribute to an economic explanation of this worldview shift. The intention here is to help overcome the "disciplinary arrogance" and "close-minded adherence to ... ideological convictions" that Sandra Batie, in a presidential address to the American Agricultural Economics Society, identified as "our own worst enemy" when contributing to debates over how to realise sustainable...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123849

Gender, Food Security and Livelihoods: The Case of Plan Ghana And Sissala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
The study was used by Plan International to formulate a common Nutrition Action Plan for its food and nutrition security interventions in developing countries. The aim was to get insight into the food and nutrition security as well as livelihoods status at the household and community level of the people of Sissala. Specifically the study focused on the contribution made by Plan interventions to improve livelihoods, the food and nutrition security of households and communities, the impact on gender and to identify indicators for monitoring and evaluation. The survey was carried out in three centrally placed communities selected to ensure an even coverage of Plan Ghana activities in the Sissala West District of Ghana. Data was collected at community and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Ghana; Livelihoods; Nutrition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52180

MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF AGRICULTURE, PUBLIC POLICIES AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCES: SOME CRITICAL ISSUES OF CONTEMPORARY CONTROVERSIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laurent,   Catherine E.; Berriet-Solliec,   Marielle; Kirsch,   Marc; Labarthe,   Pierre; Trouve,   Aurelie.
Various theoretical models of public policy analysis are used to treat situations of decision-making in which public deciders have to take into account the multifunctionality of agriculture. For some, science-society relations are not really problematical. Others acknowledge the current attempts of these policy-makers to find adequate scientific knowledge, and the difficulties they encounter. These difficulties stem partly from the very content of knowledge produced by research. Could other modes of production be more efficient? The status of the knowledge produced by these approaches is a subject of debate. Bridging the divide between science and policy more effectively is not only a question of knowledge brokerage. Accessibility and reliability of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Agriculture; Knowledge; Policy; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91112

THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND DIVERSION IN CALIFORNIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogishi,   Aya; Goldman,   George E.
This study develops economic impact models of solid waste system in California and determines statewide and regional economic impacts of waste disposal and diversion.  The study estimates that the 1999 economic impacts of waste disposal and diversion were approximately $9 billion in output, $21 billion in output impacts, $8 billion in total income impacts, $11 billion in value-added impacts, and 179,000 additional jobs.  The study also finds that if all waste generation were disposed instead of being diverted at the 1999 rates, the statewide economic impacts would be 17 to 20 percent lower.  While the relative impacts for individual regions vary because of differences in material flows and business and industrial infrastructures, generally, diversion in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36109

The Economic Impact of CRP Acres in South Dakota Returning to Crop Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Gary; Janssen,   Larry.
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was created in the 1985 Farm Bill as a program to remove highly erodible and environmentally sensitive land from agricultural production for 10-15 years. Originally viewed as a supply control program it rapidly evolved into a program that met many environmental objectives. In 2007 SD had 729,397 acres of CRP contracts expired, which was nearly 47% of the 1.56 million acres enrolled. The policy environment in late 2006 and most of 2007 consisted of CRP program offers for renewals or extensions (2-5 years) of many CRP contracts against a backdrop of escalating crop prices and economic incentives to return expiring contract acres to agricultural production. Overall there was a net reduction of 263.7 thousand acres (17%)...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: CRP; Conservation Reserve; CRP impact; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56763

Perception de la Dégradation des Terres et Adoption des Technologies de Conservation des Eaux et des Sols au Nord du Burkina Faso : le cas du Zaï et des Cordons Pierreux
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinane,   Modeste  L.; Kone,   Michel; Sidibe,   Amadou.
This study is based on data collected from 141 family-type farms in the Yatenga province in Burkina Faso. A probit approach is used to analyze the effect of perception of land degradation and other factors on the adoption of zaï and stone rows. The results of the estimation show that the availability of organic matter from small ruminants is determinant for the adoption of both zaï and stone rows. Although most of farmers are aware of the causes and consequences of land degradation, this factor does not significantly impact on farmers’ decision to invest in SWC measures. Opportunities do exist for making more efficient use of local sources of nutrients, such as small ruminants’ organic matter in combination with locally accepted SWC measures. This may...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Stone rows; Zai; Yatenga; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52192

TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND CONTAMINATION BY COFFEE PROCESSING A BIOECONOMIC MODEL AT THE WATERSHED LEVEL IN HONDURAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barbier,   Bruno; Hearne,   Robert R.; Gonzalez,   Jose Manuel; Nelson,   Andy; Castaneda,   Orlando Mejia.
In Honduras, traditional coffee processing is the cause of two major problems: poor coffee quality and contaminated water.  In this paper we present a method that determines the trade-off between economic efficiency and contamination in a Honduran sub-watershed.  The method is a bioeconomic model based on mathematical programming that stimulates the functioning of the interlinked economic and ecological processes in the sub-watershed.  We compare various scenarii where the model is given the possibility of replacing traditional coffee processing plants with a network of improved ecological plants.  For different levels of contamination the model determines the optimal location and size of new coffee processing plants along river streams by minimizing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Environment; Water quality; Mathematical programming; Transport cost; Spatial analysis; Watershed; Honduras.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25930

Extended Product Responsibility: An Economic Assessment of Alternative Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Walls,   Margaret.
Extended Product Responsibility embodies the notion that agents along a product chain should share responsibility for the life-cycle environmental impacts of the product, including those associated with ultimate disposal. Extended Producer Responsibility is a narrower concept which places responsibility on producers and focuses primarily on post-consumer waste disposal. Manufacturer "take-back" requirements are the policy lever most often associated with Extended Producer Responsibility. In this paper, we discuss alternative incentive-based policies that are consistent with the objectives of Extended Product and Producer Responsibility. We argue that an upstream combined product tax and recycling subsidy (UCTS) is generally more cost-effective and imposes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Solid waste; Extended product responsibility; Recycling; Unit pricing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10830

Evaluation of CO2 Emissions by Kansas Agribusiness Retailers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canales,   Elizabeth; Boland,   Michael A.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their negative effect on the environment is a growing concern in the world. It is estimated that agriculture is responsible for 7% of the total GHG emissions in the United States.  Currently, environmental policies to regulate GHG are in place in different countries and are expected to increase in the future. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions from eight agribusiness retailers in Kansas. Data consisted of energy inputs from the operation of the agribusiness retailers and the crop land these retailers serve. Carbon emission coefficients were employed to determine carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions associated with each energy input used during their operations. Results suggest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Climate change; Environmental economics; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61310

Optimal Preservation of Agricultural and Environmental Land within a Municipality Under Irreversibility and Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Peter H.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Irreversibility; Spatial-temporal modeling; Value of information; Policy design; Climate change; Agricultural preservation; Environmental conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103639

Managing Excessive Predation in a Predator-Prey Setting: The Case of Piping Plovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melstrom,   Richard T.; Horan,   Richard D.
Ecosystems involve interspecies interactions that can be influenced by human interventions.  Prior work shows interventions that ignore these interactions cause efficiency-reducing ecosystem externalities.  We show inefficiencies may also be attributable to nature, via interspecies interactions generating excessive competition or predation. Ecosystem management therefore may involve correcting both ecological and economic inefficiencies.  We explore ecosystem management to correct ecological inefficiencies from predation.  The inefficiencies are shown to be akin to anthropogenic externalities arising when humans harvest resources under open access conditions, and so the solution is to “regulate” predators.  Viewing the ecological inefficiencies in this...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Wildlife management; Endangered species; Open access; Predator control; Predator removal; Exclosures; Piping Plovers; Merlins; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123350

An Information Theoretic Approach to Ecological Estimation and Inference
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judge,   George G.; Miller,   Douglas J.; Cho,   Wendy K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25065

Integration of all FSSIM components within SEAMLESS-IF and a stand alone Graphical User Interface for FSSIM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janssen,   Sander J.C.; van Ittersum,   Martin K.; Louhichi,   Kamel; Kanellopoulos,   Argyris; Meuter,   Eelco; Hengsdijk,   Huib; Zander,   Peter; Thorne,   Peter J.; Flichman,   Guillermo; Blanco Fonseca,   Maria; Borkowski,   Nina; Hecker,   Martin; Stokstad,   Grete; Romstad,   Eirik; Berentsen,   Paul B.M.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.; van Keulen,   Herman; Thornton,   Philip K.; Li,   Hongtao; Rizzoli,   Andrea E.; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57790

GREENHOUSE GAS POLICIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE HOG INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Harper,   Deborah; Highmoore,   T.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14568

Future Land Use Decisions of North Dakota Conservation Reserve Program Participants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.; Hill,   Chester L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23191

THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bromley,   Daniel W.
There are three general classes of environmental implications from agriculture: (1) amenity implications; (2) habitat implications; and (3) ecological implications.  Environmental "benefits" or "costs" from agriculture require a prior specification of the norm against which the status quo is to be compared. Agriculture is no longer simply an activity that produces commodities for local, regional, national, or international markets.  Indeed, in the OECD countries, commodity abundance, not commodity scarcity, is the norm and so it is necessary to see agriculture as primarily a land management activity that provides (and supports) rural livelihoods, and that happens also to produce some marketable commodities.  This fundamental redefinition of agriculture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12591

An Empirical Analysis of the Role of China's Exports on CO2 Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michieka,   Nyakundi M.; Fletcher,   Jerald J.; Burnett,   J. Wesley.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123501

An Economic Assessment of Competing Technologies for Coastal Restoration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Hua; Caffey,   Rex H.; Petrolia,   Daniel R.
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) was established to integrate programs for habitat restoration and infrastructure protection. The Authority has begun aligning the state’s coastal spending to reflect increasing public interest in the restoration of surface acreage.  Concurrent with these changes, programmatic emphasis has been placed on rapid land building (RLB) techniques that rely on mechanical dredges and sediment conveyance pipelines to build new land. The apparent costs and benefits of this approach are increasingly compared in the scientific community to more traditional and natural methods of restoration, such as freshwater diversions (DIV). Given limited state and federal budgets for...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coastal Restoration; Wetland; Economics; Benefit-Cost; Marsh Creation; Freshwater Diversion; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119740

THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SMALLGROUP AND TREE PLANTING PROGRAM ON HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN NYERI DISTRICT, KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinuthia,   Emmanuel K.
Household poverty and food insecurity in Kenya is a major challenge especially in rural areas. The situation has been exacerbated by poor economic performance, nationwide drought and the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, numerous efforts are being made both by the government and non-governmental organizations to mitigate the situation in rural areas notably in Nyeri district which is a relatively poor district in central province with poverty rate standing at 30% (CBS, 2008). Nyeri district has been a target of a non-governmental organization, The International Smallgroup and Tree Planting Program (TIST). Its objective is to help locals increase their income and conserve environment by planting trees. Farmers are increasingly joining the program...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117709

The Impact of Water Quality on Southern California Beach Recreation: A Finite Mixture Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilger,   James; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
This paper uses a finite mixture logit (FML) model to investigate the heterogeneity of preferences of beach users for water quality at beaches in Southern California. The results are compared with conventional approaches based conditional logit (CL) and random parameters logit (RPL). The FML approach captures variation in preferences by modeling individual recreator choices using a mixture of several distinct preference groups, where group membership is a function of individual characteristic and seasonal variables. The FML parameter estimates are used to calculate welfare measures for improvements in beach quality through a reduction of water pollution. The FML segment specific welfare measures bound the traditional CL and RPL mean welfare estimates, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water quality management; Water research; Recreation; Recreational use of water areas; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47037

Waste Management
Provedor de dados: 31
The Productivity Commission’s inquiry report into ‘Waste Management’ was released in December 2006.  The Australian Government asked the Commission to identify policies that would enable Australia to address market failures and externalities associated with the generation and disposal of waste, and recommend how resource efficiencies can be optimised to improve economic, environmental and social outcomes. In the final report, the Commission maintains that waste management policy should be refocused on the environmental and social impacts of waste collection and disposal. The Commission noted that policy makers and community attitudes will need to be guided by more open and rigorous analysis of costs, benefits and risks, if waste management measures are to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8019

Aportaciones desde la economía de la adaptación a la toma de decisiones sobre cambio climático: un ejemplo para la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galarraga,   Ibon; Oses,   Nuria; Markandya,   Anil; Chiabai,   Aline; Khantun,   Kaysara.
As a consequence of Climate Change sea level rise as well as a change in the intensity and propensity of rain are expected in the Basque Country. Valuing the costs and benefits of adapting to these changes becomes an important piece of information for the planning process. This paper develops two methodological frameworks. The first one devoted to estimating the economic impacts to urban areas of an increase in the risk of flooding. The values estimated for the Nervión river in the city of Amurrio (Álava) indicate that the average expected damage will increase in 15 per cent as a consequence of CC (from €56,097 to €64,451). For an extreme episode the total loss could increase to €20 million. The second framework is oriented towards the valuation of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change impacts; Economic valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117620

Economic analysis of groundwater markets in central dry zone of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nagaraj,   N.; Kumar,   A.H. Suvarna; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water market; Groundwater irrigation; Water use efficiency; Economic analysis; India; Karnataka; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53071

Payments for Environmental Services: To whom, where, and how much?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
In this paper we consider different strategies for implementing a payment for environmental services (PES) program to mitigate deforestation in Mexican common property forests (ejidos). We begin by discussing the policy context within which PES programs find themselves, highlighting other possible interventions to help preserve environmental amenities in Mexico. We then discuss some basic principles of environmental payment schemes, formalizing these into three that we simulate: payment of the opportunity cost for forests at risks; payment for environmental benefits provided by forests at risk; a flat payment scheme with a cap on allowable hectares, similar to the type of program often applied in developing countries; and a program of opportunity cost...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20421

How CO2 Capture and Storage Can Mitigate Carbon Leakage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quirion,   Philippe; Rozenberg,   Julie; Sassi,   Olivier; Vogt-Schilb,   Adrien.
Most CO2 abatement policies reduce the demand for fossil fuels and therefore their price in international markets. If these policies are not global, this price decrease raises emissions in countries without CO2 abatement policies, generating “carbon leakage”. On the other hand, if the countries which abate CO2 emissions are net fossil fuel importers, they benefit from this price decrease, which reduces the abatement cost. In contrast, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) does not reduce fossil fuel demand, therefore it generates neither this type of leakage nor this negative feedback on abatement costs. We quantify these effects with the global hybrid general equilibrium model Imaclim-R and show that they are quantitatively important. Indeed, for a given...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 Capture and Storage; Carbon Leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101293

Economic Incentives to Conserve Wildlife on Private lands: Analysis and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some believe that provision of private property rights in wildlife on private land can provide a powerful economic incentive for nature conservation because it enables property owners to market such wildlife or its attributes.  If such marketing is profitable, private landholders will conserve the wildlife concerned and its required habitat.  But land is not always most profitably used for exploitation of wildlife, and many economic values of wildlife (such as non-use economic values) cannot be marketed.  The mobility of some wildlife (their fugitive nature) adds to the limitations of the private property approach.  While some species may be conserved by this approach, it is suboptimal as a single policy approach to nature conservation.  Nevertheless, it...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Private property rights; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48973

Global Property Rights in Genetic Resources: Do They Involve Sound Economics? Will they Conserve Nature and Biodiversity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In recent years, growing economic globalisation has been accompanied by rising social support for market systems as a means of managing resource-use. In turn, the free market movement considers definite and secure property rights (especially private rights and, sometimes, communal rights) in resources to be the necessary basis for a desirable market system. Global policies for managing the Earth’s genetic resources have been influenced by this approach. As outlined in this article, there has been a global expansion of property rights in genetic resources, and further extensions have been advocated. In order to assess the possible social benefits and costs of granting property rights in genetic resources, these are classified. This classification is shown...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55109

Notes on Market Failure and the Paretian (Kaldor-Hicks) Relevance and Irrelevance of Unfavourable Externalities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The following are notes that have been distributed by me over the last few years to students in Environmental Economics at The University of Queensland.  They give particular attention to whether externalities are Pareto or Kaldor-Hicks relevant from a policy point of view.    Externalities are Kaldor-Hicks or Pareto irrelevant if no change is possible for which gainers could compensate losers.  Both absolute and marginal externalities may be Kaldor-Hicks relevant.  Infra-marginal negative externalities are often, but not always, Kaldor-Hicks irrelevant.  There are at least two cases where such externalities can be relevant.  First, the absolute impact of the negative externality may be so great that the source of the externality should be eliminated....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics; Pareto; Kaldor-Hicks; Externalities.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48970

Why some community forests are performing better than others: a case of forest user groups in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chand,   Narendra; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Bigsby,   Hugh R.
Management of many Nepalese forests has been devolved to local communities. Forest products, which are used by the community and which may also be traded, are essential contributors to community well-being. Forests are also important contributors of ecosystem services, such as flood protection and wildlife habitat. Nepalese communities were surveyed to measure flows of forest products from their community forests. A stochastic frontier analysis shows that communities are not producing forest products efficiently and there is potential for improvement. The results shows that forest products benefit and environmental performance are associated products. In addition, analysis reveals that factors such as social capital, support from government and knowledge...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Stochastic frontier; Production efficiency; Nepal; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96827

ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: A MULTICRITERIA APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boggia,   Antonio; Abbozzo,   P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14498

BOOK REVIEW: Robert A. Young. Determining the Economic Value of Water: Concepts and Methods.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Espey,   Molly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59685

Inadequacies in the water reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic: an institutional analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ul Hassan,   Mehmood; Starkloff,   Ralf; Nizamedinkhodjayeva,   Nargiza.
This report analyzes the evolving water-management institutions and their performance of five core water management functions, in the context of the ongoing economic and agrarian reform in the Kyrgyz Republic. These core water-management functions are, operation of water systems, maintenance, resource mobilization, conflict resolution and organizational management. The report also identifies key issues and challenges that constrain effective stakeholder participation in water-resources management.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Analysis; Irrigation management; Participatory management; Water users’ associations; Research methods; Agrarian reform; Irrigation programs; Operations; Maintenance; Conflict; Rivers; Kyrgyzstan; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53066

Potential economic impacts of providing for Aquaculture Management Areas in Canterbury
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer-Hubbert,   Gerit; Cullen,   Ross.
This research estimates the commercial costs and benefits associated with selected aquaculture projects in the Canterbury region. Mussel farming employment will most likely be generated in coastal communities that at present have few employment opportunities. These communities are likely to profit as well from increased infrastructure needs for the marine farming enterprise. Any development in the marine farming industry will take many years to reach full potential. This means that the costs and benefits from increased marine farming activities will be staggered over a number of years. It is acknowledged that the gains might be achieved at different locations than the losses occur. The effects on other stakeholders are often uncertain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mussel farming; Economic impact; Scenarios; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97787

Economic Impact of Irrigation in the Buford-Trenton Irrigation District in 1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltezore,   James F.; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121417

Water Quality Management in Lake Rotorua: A comparison of Regulatory Approaches using the NManager Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anastasiadis,   Simon; Nauleau,   Marie-Laure; Kerr,   Suzi; Cox,   Tim; Rutherford,   Kit.
The life satisfaction approach has recently emerged as a new technique in the suite of options available to non-market valuation practitioners. This paper examines the influence of ecosystem diversity on the life satisfaction of residents of South East Queensland, Australia. It is found that, on average, a respondent is willing-to-pay approximately AUD$20,000 in household income per annum to obtain a one-unit improvement in ecosystem diversity. This result indicates that the life satisfaction effects of improvements in ecosystem diversity are substantial, and greater than the welfare effects implied by studies using more conventional non-market valuation techniques.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115348

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FROM A COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bass,   Richard.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17489

The Economics of "When" Flexibility in the Design of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Anderson,   John W.
This paper focuses on the economic desirability of the fixed and relatively short-term greenhouse gas targets and timetables in the Kyoto Protocol. The Protocol provides flexibility in which greenhouse gases to control, where control can be implemented, and what domestic policy measures are used. However, the Protocol does not allow much flexibility in when emission reductions take place in pursuit of longer-term environmental goals. Nor does it allow more flexible shorter-term environmental targets through price-based policy instruments that balance environmental goals and compliance costs. The relative inflexibility of the Protocol with respect to these elements may derive, in part, from a misplaced analogy between the global warming issue and the highly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10763

Adaptation to Climate Change in a Rural Economy with Missing Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62188

Auswertung von Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems zur Abschätzung von Wirkungen der EU-Agrarreform auf Umwelt und Landschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Nitsch,   Heike; Laggner,   Birgit; Roggendorf,   Wolfgang.
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht entstand im Rahmen des F+E-Vorhabens „Naturschutzfachliche Bewertung der GAP - Effizienzsteigerung durch Nutzung bestehender Datenbestände“, das durch das Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit gefördert wurde. Ziel dieses Projektes war die Untersuchung flächenbezogener Auswirkungen der im Jahr 2003 beschlossenen EU-Agrarreform in Hinblick auf naturschutzrelevante Fragestellungen.                                                                                                                        Grundlage für quantitative Analysen bildeten die Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems (InVeKoS), Fachkarten zu...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agrarreform; InVeKoS-Daten; Flächennutzung; Grünland; Naturschutz; Agricultural reform; IACS-data; Land use; Grassland; Nature conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104011

Does Scarcity Exacerbate the Tragedy of the Commons? Evidence from Fishers’ Experimental Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar.
Economic Experimental Games (EEGs), focused to analyze dilemmas associated with the use of common pool resources, have shown that individuals make extraction decisions that deviate from the suboptimal Nash equilibrium. However, few studies have analyzed whether these deviations towards the social optimum are affected as the stock of resource changes. Performing EEG with local fishermen, we test the hypothesis that the behavior of participants differs under a situation of abundance versus one of scarcity. Our findings show that under a situation of scarcity, players over-extract a given resource, and thus make decisions above the Nash equilibrium; in doing so, they obtain less profit, mine the others-regarding interest, and exacerbate the tragedy of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tragedy of the commons intensified; Economic experimental games; Resource abundance; Resource scarcity; Dynamic effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; D01; D02; D03; O13; O54; Q01; Q22; C93; C72; C73; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91170

FLOODING RISK AND HOUSING VALUES: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daniel,   Vanessa; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Rietveld,   Piet.
Climate change, the ‘boom and bust’ cycles of rivers, and altered water resource management practice have caused significant changes in the spatial distribution of the risk of flooding. Hedonic pricing studies, predominantly for the US, have assessed the spatial incidence of risk and the associated implicit price of flooding risk. Using these implicit price estimates and their associated standard errors, we perform a meta-analysis and find that houses located in the 100-year floodplain have a –0.3 to –0.8% lower price. The actual occurrence of a flooding event or increased stringency in disclosure rules causes ex ante prices to differ from ex post prices, but these effects are small. The marginal willingness to pay for reduced risk exposure has increased...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Valuation; Environmental risk; Meta-analysis; Hedonic pricing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; D81; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7333

Exploring production-theoretical insights for analyzing trade-offs between economic performance and environmental pressure at firm level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Meensel,   Jef; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido; Van Passel,   Steven.
The objective of this paper is to construct a framework for analyzing trade-offs between economic performance and environmental pressure at firm level. Based on a literature review, partially conflicting economic-environmental trade-off paradigms are structured and five necessary conditions for adequate trade-off analysis are put forward. These conditions are delimitating a clear system for which trade-offs are analyzed, assessing the direction of causality between economic performance and environmental pressure, allowing for firm-specific trade-off differences, comprehensiveness with respect to management activities that can be evaluated and flexibility to analyze trade-offs under different market and environmental regulation conditions. To deal with the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade-off analysis; Production theory; Economic performance; Environmental performance; Materials balance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51725

The Long-Run Effects of Environmental Reform in Open Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
We compare the short-run and long-run effects of environmental reform and harmonization under autarky and free trade. When trade is driven by environmental distortions rather than real relative advantages, harmonization of environmental policies, even if achieved by lowering standards in one country, can improve short-run aggregate welfare. With the possibility of multiple steady states, long-run considerations favor a "race to the top" rather than a "race to the bottom" even when upward and downward harmonizations are equivalent in the short run. For a country trapped in a low (or bad) steady state, environmental reform may not move it to a high (or good) steady state under autarky. However, under trade, harmonization of policies may enable this country...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade and the environment; Environmental policy reform; International harmonization of environmental policies; Environmental dynamics and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q20; F10; H23.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25099

Awareness of and Application to the Environmental Quality Incentives Program By Cow–Calf Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obubuafo,   Joyce; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Kim,   Seon-Ae.
This study uses a bivariate probit model with partial observability to examine Louisiana beef producers’ awareness of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and how awareness translates to application to the program. Results indicate that awareness of and application to the EQIP depend on portion of income derived from off-farm sources, extent of previous best management practice adoption at one’s own expense, household income, farmed land that is highly erodible, contact with Natural Resource Conservation Service and extension service personnel, and producer age.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: BMPs; Bivariate probit; EQIP; Probit; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45531

Economic Issues in the Management of Plants Invading Natural Environments: Scotch Broom in Barrington Tops National Park
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odem,   Doreen; Sinden,   Jack A.; Cacho,   Oscar J.; Griffith,   Garry R.
Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius, L.), is an exotic leguminous shrub, native to Europe, which invades pastoral and woodland ecosystems and adjoining river systems in cool, high rainfall regions of southeastern Australia. Broom has invaded 10,000 hectares of eucalypt woodland at Barrington Tops National Park in New South Wales, and is having a major impact on the natural ecology of the sub-alpine environment. It is extremely competitive with the native flora, retarding their growth and in many areas blanketing the ground and preventing growth of many understorey species in open forest areas. An active program to manage this invasion is being implemented by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. The management issues include whether eradication or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Scotch broom; Economic issues; Management issues; Natural environments; Bioeconomic model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58193

CONTRACTING FOR SOIL CARBON CREDITS: DESIGN AND COSTS OF MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mooney,   Sian; Antle,   John M.; Capalbo,   Susan Marie; Paustian,   Keith H.
Many firms anticipate that a cap on greenhouse gas emissions will eventually be imposed, either through an international agreement like the Kyoto protocol or through domestic policy, and have started to take voluntary actions to reduce their emissions. If agricultural producers participate in the emerging market for tradable C-credits, it must be possible to verify that actions farmers take do increase the amount of C in soils and this increase can be maintained over the length of the contract.   In this paper we develop a prototype measurement and monitoring scheme for C-credits sequestered in agricultural soils and estimate its costs for the small grain-producing region of Montana using an econometric-process simulation model. Three key results emerge...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19616

REDUCING PHOSPHORUS POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER: HOW MUCH IS IT WORTH?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mathews,   Leah Greden; Homans,   Frances R.; Easter,   K. William.
A mail survey was conducted in Minnesota in 1997 to estimate the value of reducing phosphorus levels in the Minnesota River by 40%.  The general population survey of river basin residents was designed to gather information about respondents' use of the Minnesota River in addition to their valuation of a hypothetical water quality improvement program.  An estimate of the value of a specific recreational site along the River, the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, was also obtained.  Three distinct models were estimated in this research.  The first was a contingent valuation model estimating the willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvements in the Minnesota River using only stated preference data.  There were two different payment vehicles...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13771

Erdőgazdálkodás és erdőtörténet
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solymos,   Rezso.
Az erdőgazdálkodás az erdők fenntartásának, művelésének, sokoldalú, tartamos hasznosításának az alapja. A Föld lakosságának gyarapodásával a történelem folyamán együtt növekedett az embernek az erdővel szemben támasztott igénye. Az igények kielégítésekor hamarosan kitűnt, hogy ezek teljesítésének lehetőségei szigorúan behatároltak. Hosszú távon, tartamosan (fenntarthatóan) akkor nyújthatja az erdő a gazdasági, társadalmi élet számára a legtöbbet, ha az adottságainak megfelelően gazdálkodnak. A Föld erdeinek jelenlegi képe több évezredes fejlődés, valamint emberi beavatkozás eredményeként alakult. A jelenlegi felfogás szerinti „korszerű” erdőgazdálkodás az egyes kontinenseken különböző időben, alig egy-két évszázada jött létre. Abban az esetben azonban, ha...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Erdőgazdálkodás; Fenntarthatóság; Történeti tanulságok; Természeti törvények; Erdőtársulások; Forestry; Sustainability; Historical lessens; Natural laws; Forest associations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92423

Groundwater Management in the Presence of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation  Incentives for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Justin Scott; Murray,   Brian C.
This study explores the interactions of groundwater extraction, quality, and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions within a productive agricultural region. Two conceptual models are proposed. In the first, GHG emissions are managed at the local level, and an efficient level of abatement is solved for endogenously to the system. Here, regional management of GHG emissions offers an alternative policy tool for managing quantity/quality by internalizing the costs of a common externality associated with both groundwater extraction and nitrogen fertilizer application. A simple numerical simulation is used to illustrate the potential groundwater co-benefits of managing agricultural GHG emissions within the system. The second model reflects the reality that GHG...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; GHG Mitigation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49481

Measuring Irrigation Water Efficiency with a Stochastic Production Frontier: An Application for Citrus Producing Farms in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Lachaal,   Lassaad; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Messaoud,   Emna B.
The objective of this paper is to propose an alternative measure of irrigation water efficiency based on the concept of input- specific technical efficiency, which contracts with measures previously used in the literature. The proposed methodology is applied to a randomly selected sample of 144 citrus growing farms located in Nabeul (Tunisia). A stochastic production frontier approach, based on Battese and Coelli’s (1995) inefficiency effect model, is used to obtain farm-specific estimates of technical and irrigation water efficiency. In addition, a second-stage regression approach is used to identify the factors influencing irrigation water efficiency differentials across citrus growing farms. Results indicate that technical efficiency ranges from a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Citrus; Efficiency; Tunisia; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52166

Sustaining surface and groundwater resources; Proceedings of the Internatinal Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia, April 16-17, 2002 Lahore, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Conjunctive use; Surface water; Groundwater; Models; Crop production; Water requirements; Water balance; Water table; Sustainable agriculture; Environmental sustainability; Supplementary irrigation; Water quality; Rain; Pumping; Salinity control; Remote sensing; GIS; Water scarcity; Farm income; Institutional development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118417

Economic Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program: A General Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taheripour,   Farzad.
This article uses a general equilibrium framework and econometric analyses to examine economic wide impacts of the Conservation Reserves Program. It determines direct and indirect factors which affect the economic efficiency of the program and shows their magnitudes. It shows that the interaction between the program and the tax system causes indirect efficiency costs but the interaction between the program and the agricultural support subsidies generate economic gains. The program has the potential to distort the labor market and cause efficiency losses form this channel. However the analytical model shows that trade can reduce social costs of the policy because a part of the burden of the policy can be passed on to foreign consumers of crop products...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land retirement; Slippage effect; Efficiency cost; Agricultural pollution; Tax system; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21346

Reformulating competition?  Gasoline content regulation and wholesale gasoline prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jennifer; Hastings,   Justine; Mansur,   Erin T.; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
Revised from an earlier version from January 2006. Published in JEEM v. 55:1, January 2008.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Fuel requirements; Gasoline; Oligopoly; Prices; Regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L51; Q50.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120475

Pluralism and Regulatory Failure: When Should Takings Trigger Compensation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James; Brennan,   Timothy J.
The paper evaluates the desirability of compensation for regulatory takings. To do so, we describe a public choice model in which regulators' decisions are influenced by competing political interests. We consider how the political incentives of landowners, environmentalists, and taxpayers are affected by alternative compensation rules and in turn describe the regulatory decisions made in such a pluralistic political environment. Modeling the regulator's incentives in this way leads to the conclusion that compensation should not be paid unless environmentalists and property owners have unequal influence politically. Moreover, the model has several counter-intuitive implications when political influence is not balanced. For instance, if environmentalists are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory takings; Compensation; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; K11; D72; L51.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10702

Ethanol and a Changing Agricultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malcolm,   Scott A.; Aillery,   Marcel P.; Weinberg,   Marca.
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 established specific targets for the production of biofuel in the United States. Until advanced technologies become commercially viable, meeting these targets will increase demand for traditional agricultural commodities used to produce ethanol, resulting in land-use, production, and price changes throughout the farm sector. This report summarizes the estimated effects of meeting the EISA targets for 2015 on regional agricultural production and the environment. Meeting EISA targets for ethanol production is estimated to expand U.S. cropped acreage by nearly 5 million acres by 2015, an increase of 1.6 percent over what would otherwise be expected. Much of the growth comes from corn acreage, which...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn ethanol; Regional crop mix; Regional environmental effects; Water quality; Water use; Cellulosic ethanol; Crop residues; Livestock; Regional Environment and Agriculture Programming (REAP) Model; Renewable fuel standard; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55671

Valuing the Cultural Monuments of Armenia: Bayesian Updating of Prior Beliefs in Contingent Valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Longo,   Alberto.
We use contingent valuation to place a value on the conservation of built cultural heritage sites in Armenia. When we present the hypothetical scenario in the questionnaire we spell out what would happen to the monuments in the absence of the government conservation program. We posit that respondents combine such information with their own prior beliefs, which the questionnaire also elicits, and that the WTP for the good or program is likely to be affected by these updated beliefs. We propose a Bayesian updating model of prior beliefs, and empirically implement it using the data from our survey. We find that uncertainty about what would happen to the monument in the absence of the program results in lower WTP amounts. .
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Valuation of Cultural Heritage Sites; Non-Market Valuation; Contingent Valuation; Bayesian Updating; Prior Beliefs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Z10.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9337

Deforestation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Folmer,   Henk; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q58; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37035

Quality Certification by Geographical Indications, Trademarks and Firm Reputation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menapace,   Luisa; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
We study firm reputation as a mechanism to assure product quality in perfectly competitive markets in a context in which both certification and trademarks are available. Shapiro’s (1983) model of reputation is extended to reflect both collective and firm-specific reputations, and this framework is used to study certification and trademarks for food products with a regional identity, known as geographical indications (GIs). Our model yields two primary results. First, in markets with asymmetric information and moral hazard problems, credible certification schemes reduce the cost of establishing reputation and lead to welfare gains compared to a situation in which only private trademarks are available. Hence, certification improves the ability of reputation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric Information; Certification; Geographical Indications; Quality; Reputation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D23; D82; L14; L15; Q1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61778

Short-term Farm Level Adaptations of EU15 Agricultural Supply to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leclere,   David; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain; de Noblet-Ducoudre,   Nathalie.
Assessing climate change impact on agriculture is a complex task involving a wide range of economical and physical processes, leading to significant uncertainties. At European scale, climate change impacts on agricultural supply have been appraised to be of relatively less important driver by the end of century compared to other global drivers. However these diagnoses are incomplete due to a limited representation of both spatial heterogeneity in important determinants of agricultural supply (soil, management practices and producer typology) and fine scale processes such as farm scale autonomous adaptation. We propose a complementary approach based on a modeling framework including a spatially explicit representation of productivity and producer behavior...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114391

SUSTAINABLE FARMING: A POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16345

Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nhemachena,   Charles; Hassan,   Rashid M.
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Southern Africa; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42399

How well does Learning-by-doing Explain Cost Reductions in a Carbon-free Energy Technology?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nemet,   Gregory F.
The incorporation of experience curves has enhanced the treatment of technological change in models used to evaluate the cost of climate and energy policies. However, the set of activities that experience curves are assumed to capture is much broader than the set that can be characterized by learning-by-doing, the primary connection between experience curves and economic theory. How accurately do experience curves describe observed technological change? This study examines the case of photovoltaics (PV), a potentially important climate stabilization technology with robust technology dynamics. Empirical data are assembled to populate a simple engineering-based model identifying the most important factors affecting the cost of PV over the past three decades....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12051

Eco-Labeling and the Price Premium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Swallow,   Stephen K.
International environmental and government organizations propose eco-labeling as a market incentive to cause industry to operate in an ecologically sustainable and biodiversity-friendly manner. A microeconomic analysis questions whether eco-labeling will cause producer profits in a competitive industry to decline, even under a voluntary system, and whether eco-labeling will necessarily generate different prices for labeled and unlabeled product. Using wood product as an example, results identify conditions that may exist when firms lose profits, even under a voluntary system, and where existing production constraints may lead to a single price, regardless of labeling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-labeling; Prices; Markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; D40; L10; L15.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10826

CONSIDERING MARKET-BASED ALTERNATIVES TO IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF CAFOs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skees,   Jerry R.; Black,   J. Roy; Gramig,   Benjamin M.
This paper presents a proposal to utilize insurance as a market-based alternative to traditional command-and-control regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations in order to meet policy goals to curtail negative environmental externalities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22248

CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS FROM A REINSURER'S PERSPECTIVE: Climate change calls for efficient risk management in agriculture (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhr,   Lambert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90767

ALLOCATING LAND TO NEW YORK'S CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM TO MAXIMIZE NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaroszewski,   Laura; Poe,   Gregory L.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A programming model is used to assess the welfare effects of regional and practice specifications contained in New York State's Draft Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) proposal.  Net social benefits are nearly 75% lower than options that explicitly account for opportunity costs of production, environmental benefits, and participation response functions. Keywords: benefit cost analysis, conservation programs, participation, linear programming
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Conservation programs; Participation; Linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21882

The 1991 Lead/Copper Drinking Water Rule and the 1995 Decision Not to Revise the Arsenic Drinking Water Rule: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
This paper discusses EPA's acquisition and use of science in two decisions under the Safe Drinking Water Act: the 1991 revision of the lead drinking water regulations and the 1995 decision to pursue additional research instead of revising the arsenic in drinking water standard. In the first case, a committed band of policy entrepreneurs within EPA mobilized and supplemented scientific information which had accumulated in the agency's air program to force lead in drinking water up the agency's regulatory agenda. In the minds of senior EPA decision-makers, there was adequate science to justify making the lead in drinking water regulation more stringent; the critical question was "how far to go" in terms of regulatory compliance expenditures. To the extent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10454

The Value of Inherent Soil Characteristics: A Hedonic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi; Greenhalgh,   Suzie.
In an attempt to value soil natural capital, we use the inherent characteristics of soil and land valuation data to examine the relationship between soil characteristics and rural farmland values in the 6000ks2 Manawatu catchment in New Zealand. The study applies a hedonic pricing method to determine if the value of ‘critical’ inherent characteristics of soils are reflected in land values. We find empirical evidence that the examined characteristics of soil natural capital stock, e.g., particle size, drainage, potential rooting depth and profile available water, are in fact reflected in rural land values.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural capital; Soil characteristics; Value of soil; Hedonic prices; Rural land value; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97158

Saving the World but Saving Too Much? Pure Time Preference and Saving Rates in Integrated Assessment Modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Kathryn.
* The current version of this paper was prepared with the support of the Australian Department of Climate Change and the Environmental Economics Research Hub at the Australian National University. Earlier versions were submitted to the London School of Economics and Political Science in partial completion of the MSc in Environment and Development, and to the 2009 annual conference of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society (AARES). The author is extremely grateful to Simon Dietz and the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission for supervision and funding of the MSc, respectively, and to Steve Hatfield-Dodds, Frank Jotzo, Jack Pezzey, Matthew Skellern, Daniel Veryard, and participants in seminars at the AARES conference, the Department of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate economics; Integrated assessment models; Economic models; Social costs.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94888

GTAP-E: AN ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL VERSION OF THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burniaux,   Jean-March; Truong,   Truong P.
Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in this chain of linkages, is absent from the standard model specification. This technical paper remedies this deficiency by incorporating energy substitution into the standard GTAP model. It begins by first reviewing some of the existing approaches to this problem in contemporary CGE models. It then suggests an approach for GTAP which incorporates some of these desirable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28705

ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE IN CHINA'S WESTERN REGION DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Feiyue; Quan,   Yongxin; Henning,   John C.
During the past 20 years, economic reforms undertaken by China have led to rapid economic growth, as well as increasing environmental problems. In particular, economic development in the Eastern Region  has been associated with severe environmental degradation. For example, the Huaihe River has been badly polluted through this process of development, air quality is poor, and red tides have been observed along the southeastern coastline.  In the 10th five-year national development plan (2001-2005), the Chinese government is focusing on promoting economic growth in the Western Region, since it is relatively underdeveloped compared to the east. However, the government wishes to ensure that economic development in this region is accompanied by social...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11836

Environment and Trade in Developing Economies: A Primer for the World Bank's Global Economic Prospects 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18359

Book Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meszaros,   Sandor.
Book Review
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53080

Sharing the Climate Policy Burden in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aidt,   Toke; Greiner,   Sandra.
The question of how to share the costs of the measures to be taken against global warming is one of the most controversial questions in the international climate policy debate, and is, as yet, unsettled. The burden sharing agreement (BSA) reached by EU Member States is a rare example of a successful (regional) burden sharing scheme. The agreement was reached in two stages in March 1997 (pre-Kyoto) and in the Spring of 1998 (post-Kyoto). This paper analyses, from a political economy perspective, the factors which facilitated burden sharing within the EU and which determined the particular sharing rule adopted. Three "stylised facts" emerge from the study. First, countries with high national targets, which were assigned relatively large shares in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26159

MASTER TRAINING IN AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karpati,   Laszlo.
The main objective of the AHEAD project is to establish new BSc and MSc programmes in Croatia at two Faculties of the University of Zagreb. These are as follows: Agricultural and Rural Development, Food Safety and Quality Management and pilot MSc training in Agribusiness and Rural Development. These are preceded by faculty retraining programmes in food safety and quality management, as well as agribusiness and commerce within the framework of a MBA programme accredited by the International MBA Network. The professional content of the project is a modernised curriculum and training palette that would be available by the end of this project at the University of Zagreb, serving not only the higher education of the country, but the demand of the Croatian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Curriculum Development; Agribusiness; Food Safety; Quality; Croatia; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43583

Minnesota Agricultural Economist No. 703
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polasky,   Stephen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13180

Expanding biogas on UK dairy farms: a question of scale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butler,   Allan J.; Hobbs,   Phil; Winter,   Michael.
Expanding Anaerobic Digestion (AD) in the UK will not only depend upon finding appropriate economic structures to support on‐farm developments but also an appreciation of environmental issues such as less Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions; reduced use of artificial fertilisers; and better management of farm wastes. At the core of this paper is the Anaerobic Digestion Analytical Model (ADAM) that examines the economic and environmental impacts of integrating AD into UK farming systems. However, the average dairy farm in the UK is not of sufficient size to enable profitable biogas production. Indeed, farm size, as represented by FBS/FAS data used in ADAM, needs to be scaled by three to four times for a biogas enterprise to break‐even. To boost profitability,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Dairy farming; Carbon dioxide; Nutrients; Digestate; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108937

A MODEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPROMISE BETWEEN REGULATORS AND REGULATED PARTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hsu,   Shi-Ling.
Environmental regulations implemented by administrative agencies have often been met with fierce political resistance from regulated parties.  In some instances, regulated parties have turned to legislative and judicial bodies for relief from environmental regulation.  As these political and legal battles have escalated, several forms of compromises have evolved.  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in its administration of the Endangered Species Act, has often utilized the tool of "Habitat Conservation Planning" as a means by which some regulatory relief is granted in exchange for an agreement by the regulated party to undertake mitigation measures to aid endangered or threatened species.  As a further inducement for regulated parties to enter into the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20788

Pest Resistance Regulation and Pest Mobility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ambec,   Stefan; Desquilbet,   Marion.
We use a spatially-explicit analytical framework to compare mandatory refuges and a tax on the resistant variety as regulation instruments for pest resistance management. Because the extraction of the common-pool pest susceptibility resource depends on the spatial pattern of pest dispersal, we find that the usual preference for market-based environmental instruments does not necessarily apply to pest resistance management. Mandatory refuges are preferred to a tax on the resistant variety for some assumption sets on heterogeneity between farms and pest dispersal distances.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21134

Pesticide Use and IPM Adoption: Does IPM Reduce Pesticide Use in the United States?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maupin,   Jason; Norton,   George W.
In 2001, the United States General Accounting Office issued a report entitled “Management Improvements Needed to Further Promote Integrated Pest Management.”  This report documents that overall agricultural pesticide usage increased from 1992 to 2000 while the use of the most toxic levels of pesticides have decreased.  The USDA suggests that these changes in pesticide use could have been caused by integrated pest management (IPM) adoption.   However, the GAO maintains that there is not enough evidence to support this claim.  This paper contributes to this debate by estimating the relationship between pesticide use and IPM practices adopted for number of commodities across the nation from 1996 to 2005.  The paper exploits an aggregated data set that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide Use; Integrated Pest Management; Corn Production; Cotton Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61306

Synergy and Strategic Advantage: Cooperatives and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gertler,   Michael E.
A systematic analysis of the characteristics of cooperatives reveals many capacities that recommend them as appropriate vehicles for sustainable development. Cooperatives offer advantages as rooted, socially embedded, patient capital and as organizations that promote partnerships, coordinated action, and capacity building. Given changes in the operating environment, the explicit adoption of eco-social agendas can contribute to co-op viability and vitality, providing a basis for positive differentiation and for stronger ties to important constituencies, stakeholders, and strategic allies. Given their capacities as organizations and enterprises, it is argued that co-ops can also contribute to new identify formation and to transformative social change.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46430

AD-DICE: An Implementation of Adaptation in the DICE Mode
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Bruin,   Kelly C.; Dellink,   Rob B.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Integrated Assessment Models (IAMS) have helped us over the past decade to understand the interactions between the environment and the economy in the context of climate change. Although it has also long been recognized that adaptation is a powerful and necessary tool to combat the adverse effects of climate change, most IAMs have not explicitly included the option of adaptation in combating climate change. This paper adds to the IAM and climate change literature by explicitly including adaptation in an IAM, thereby making the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation visible. Specifically, a theoretical framework is created and used to implement adaptation as a decision variable into the DICE model. We use our new AD-DICE model to derive the adaptation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated Assessment Modelling; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9548

Piecemeal Reform of Trade and Environmental Policy When Consumption Also Pollutes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.; Beghin,   John C.
The design of trade and environmental policy pays increasing attention to pollution linked to trade liberalization and generated by consumption. We incorporate endogenous (price-responsive) consumption pollution into a dual trade model to assess welfare effects of coordinated trade and environmental piecemeal reform in a small, open and distorted economy. Pollution is generated by production and consumption. Producers control the level of pollution and face incentives to abate both types of pollution. We identify sufficient conditions for welfare-improving reforms of trade and environmental policies. An additional domestic environmental policy instrument must be imposed on exportables because of their supply response to foreign environmental taxes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q28; H21.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18362

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FORAGE-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS ON THE ALPS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: A PROPOSAL OF SOME INDEXES;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andrighetto,   Igino; Cavalli,   Raffaele; Rosato,   Paolo; Ziliotto,   Umberto.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14403

Sticks and Carrots for the Design of International Climate Agreements with Renegotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weikard,   Hans-Peter; Dellink,   Rob B.
This paper examines stability of international climate agreements for carbon abatement under an optimal transfer rule and renegotiations. The optimal transfer rule suggested to stabilise international environmental agreements (Weikard 2005, Carraro, Eyckmans and Finus 2006) is no longer optimal when agreements are renegotiated. We determine the conditions for optimal self-enforcing sequences of agreements. If these conditions are met, then transfer payments can be arranged such that no country wants to change its membership status at any stage. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our condition we use the STACO model, a 12-regions global model, to assess the impact of welldesigned transfer rules on the stability of an international climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stability of Coalitions; International Environmental Agreements; Partition Function Approach; Sharing Rules; Optimal Transfers; Renegotiations; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C72; D62; H41; H77.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6293

Property rights of landholders in non-captive wildlife and prospects for conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In order to reduce the rate of human-induced biodiversity loss of wild species, it has become increasingly important to stem this loss on private and tribal lands and to find effective policies to do this.  Some writers believe that granting landholders commercial property rights in wildlife might be effective in dealing with this matter and result in the sustainable use of wildlife.  This paper explores this view using economic theory.  In doing so, it takes into account the total economic valuation concept.  While granting of commercial property rights is found to be effective for conserving some species, it is predicted to be a complete failure as a means of conserving other species.  In addition, particular attention is given to the economics of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Fugitive resources; Open-access; Property rights; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48964

Social Learning and Parameter Uncertainty in Irreversible Investment----Evidence from Greenhouse Adoption in Northern China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Honglin; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper introduces social learning into irreversible investment theory through parameter uncertainty, and shows that social learning could reduce parameter uncertainty to facilitate irreversible investment technology adoption. The theoretic model is tested by using household level data from energy saving greenhouse adoption in northern China, and empirical evidences are consistent with the theory: social learning has significantly positive impacts on greenhouse adoption, while market volatility discourages the adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social Learning; Technology Adoption; Irreversible Investment; Parameter Uncertainty; Energy Saving Greenhouse; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O12; O31; C61; D83; G12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6310

A fenntarthatóság mérése az erdőgazdaságban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somogyi,   Zoltan.
A fenntarthatóság mérése, de definiálása is nehézkes a jövőre vonatkozó feltételezések bizonytalansága miatt. Korlátozott következtetések vonhatók le pl. a „kereslet és kínálat” összehasonlításának elvén alapuló, egyre közismertebb ökológiai lábnyomból, vagy más, a fenntarthatóság bizonyos aspektusait részletesebben jellemző indikátorok tényleges értékeinek és az előre elvárt értékek összevetéséből. Ilyen, fejlődő, korlátozott lehetőségeket nyújtó indikátorrendszer jött létre az erdőgazdálkodásban. A rendszer használatát nagymértékben korlátozza, hogy megalapozatlan az, hogy hány, illetve mennyire specifikus vagy mennyire aggregált indikátorokat alkalmaznak, és hogy az indikátorok mért értékeit hogyan értelmezik. Emiatt az indikátorértékek értelmezésében...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntartható fejlődés; Erdőgazdálkodás; Fenntarthatósági indikátor; Bioindikátor; Sustainable development; Forest management; Sustainability indicator; Bioindicator; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92482

Alkalmazkodás a klímaváltozáshoz
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gazdag,   Laszlo.
A várható változásokkal szemben nem védekezni kell, hanem alkalmazkodni. A klímaváltozás is ilyen kihívást jelent. Aki gyorsan és jól alkalmazkodik, az előnybe kerül másokkal szemben. Be kell rendezkednünk a növekvő időjárási amplitúdók, a szélsőséges körülmények közötti eredményes gazdálkodásra. Az első lépés az érdekviszonyok radikális átalakítása! Előnyben részesíteni mindazon technikai-technológiai fejlesztéseket, amelyek a sikeres alkalmazkodást szolgálják. Eltörölni mindenfajta vízdíjat és hasonló költségnövelő tényezőt, amit az öntözési és/vagy halastavi célú felhasználásra vet ki az állam. Kamatkedvezménnyel és más úton ösztönözni az öntözési infrastruktúra fejlesztését, az öntözési tevékenység végzését. A komplex megoldások preferálása, melyek...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Érdekeltség; Alkalmazkodás; Komplexitás; Rugalmasság; Technológia; Interest; Adaptation; Complexity; Flexibility; Technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92417

Implications of EU Enlargement on the EU Greenhouse Gas "Bubble" and Internal Burden Sharing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Betz,   Regina.
Currently, the EU-15 forms the only bubble under the Kyoto Protocol and has negotiated an internal burden sharing. A strategic EU climate policy should include accession countries. Thus, even in the case of early ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by 2002, it would be sensible to form a bubble with all countries that are certain to be EU members during the commitment period 2008-2012. Of course due to Art. 4,4 of the Protocol the EU-15 has to stick to its own bubble. However, nothing prevents it from forming an implicit bubble including all first wave countries by inducing them to form a bubble on their own and transfer the surplus to the EU-15. Similarly, second wave countries should form a bubble of their own to co-ordinate JI and permit transfers to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26397

Scope and Sustainability of Cooperation in Transboundary Water Sharing of the Volta River
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhaduri,   Anik; Perez,   Nicostrato D.; Liebe,   Jens.
The paper explores the scope and sustainability of a self-enforcing cooperative agreement in the framework of a game theoretic model, where the upstream and downstream country, Burkina Faso and Ghana respectively in the Volta River Basin, bargain over the level of water abstraction in the upstream. In the model we consider the case where the downstream country, Ghana, offers a discounted price for energy export to the upstream country, Burkina Faso, to restrict its water abstraction rate in the upstream. The paper examines the benefits and sustainability of such self-enforcing cooperative arrangements between Ghana and Burkina Faso given stochastic uncertainty in the river flow. The findings of the paper suggest that at the present condition, the marginal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Cooperation; Transboundary; Uncertainty; Volta River Basin; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43324

The logic of collective action and Australia’s Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.; Mazouz,   Salim; Jotzo,   Frank.
The Australian Government's Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), March 2009, set a target of 5 to 15 per cent emission cuts during 2000 and 2020. The proposed target is weak and is likely to increase mitigation costs in Australia in the long run.    This research report analyses the target’s efficiency as well as provisions for preventing carbon leakage. The research also looks at the nature of changes to the CPRS made during 2008 as well as the likely cause of these changes.    The free allocation of output-linked, tradable permits to Emissions-Intensive, Trade-Exposed (EITE) sectors was much higher than previously proposed and greater than what is needed to prevent carbon leakage.  This means EITE emissions could rise by 13 per cent during 2010 and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Australia; Targets; Emission trading; Carbon leakage; Lobbying; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94824

Greener Acres or Greener Waters? Potential U.S. Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This paper examines the elimination of all agricultural policy distortions in all trading countries and agricultural production decisions in the United States, as well as subsequent environmental quality in the presence and absence of nondegradation environmental standards. The results suggest that trade liberalization has the potential to increase domestic production and boost agricultural returns by as much as 8.5 percent. Consumer surplus would likely fall, and the discharge of nutrients, sediment, and pesticides would likely increase. However, environmental policies can limit these adverse environmental impacts and mute the potential decrease in consumer surplus, while leaving increased returns to agricultural production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade reform; Environment; Nondegradation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10195

Agricultural Management module of FSSIM, Production Enterprice Generator, Production Technique Translator, Simple Management Translator and Technical Coefficient Generator
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janssen,   Sander J.C.; Oomen,   Roelof; Hengsdijk,   Huib; van Ittersum,   Martin K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57932

The Effect of Allowance Allocation on the Cost of Carbon Emission Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
We investigate the cost-effectiveness and distributional effects of a revenue-raising auction, grandfathering, and a generation performance standard as alternative approaches for distributing carbon emission allowances in the electricity sector. We solve a detailed national electricity market model and find the auction is roughly one-half the societal cost of the other approaches. This result holds under a variety of assumptions about the future state of economic regulation and competition in the electricity sector. The differences in the cost of the approaches flow from the effect of each approach on electricity price. Grandfathering is the best for producers but it imposes a substantial cost on consumers. The generation performance standard yields the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Emission allowance trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Safety valve; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10536

Trade and Environment: Evidence from China's Manufacturing Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chai,   Joseph C.H.
This paper uses the manufacturing sector in China to consider whether globalization of the Chinese economy over the past two decades has contributed to the decline in environmental conditions. The results show that China's experience with the trade liberalization-environment nexus is consistent with international evidence. On one hand, trade liberalization has had various positive effects on the environment. Firstly, it promoted specialization in areas of comparative advantage, which, in general, included industries that contributed less to environmental degradation. Secondly, it allowed China to access and adopt the best international practices in pollution abatement technology. Thirdly, it enabled China to transfer environmental costs to other countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; China; Manufacturing; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48005

CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCES ON THE RISK OF AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS AND ASSOCIATED ECONOMIC LOSS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mu,   Jianhong H.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Wu,   Ximing; Gan,   Li.
This paper examines the effect that climate has on Avian Influenza outbreak probability.  The statistical analysis shows across a broad region the probability of an outbreak declines by 0.22% when the temperature rises 1 Celsius degree and increases by 0.34% when precipitation increases by 1millimeter. These results indicate that the realized climate change of the last 20 years not only has been a factor behind recent HPAI outbreaks, but that climate change is likely to play an even greater role in the future.  The statistical results indicate that overall, the risk of an AI outbreak has been increased by 51% under past climate change and 3-4% under future climate change. An economic evaluation shows the increased probability of outbreaks has caused...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Avian Influenza outbreaks; GDP loss; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103637

The National Pilot Program Integrated Modeling System: Environmental Baseline Assumptions and Results for the APEX Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gassman,   Philip W.
This paper presents the underlying assumptions and results for the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model, which was applied within an integrated modeling system for the National Policy Program (NPP) environmental baseline simulations for the Upper North Bosque River Watershed (UNBRW), located in Earth County, Texas.  The integrated modeling system consists of an economic model that is linked to an environmental component comprising the field-scale APEX and watershed-scale Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models.  The environmental baseline simulations test and calibrate the complete environmental component, using monitoring data obtained during 1993-94 in the UNBRW.  The economic model was not executed for the environmental baseline,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18668

Development of Leisure Agriculture in Fujian Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhan,   Ling; Feng,   Xian.
This paper analyzes the developmental advantages of leisure agriculture in Fujian Province of China. It then summarizes the developmental characteristics of leisure agriculture. Finally, some policy proposals on the development of leisure agriculture in Fujian are put forward.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Leisure agriculture; Fujian Province of China; Development research; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53520

Conservation and Economic Benefits of Wildlife-based Marine Tourism: Sea Turtles and Whales as Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tourism development can have positive and/or negative impacts on wildlife. However, if tourism is developed in accordance with the basic tenets of wildlife tourism such an activity can be sustainable and can aid the conservation of species.  Based on two case studies in Queensland, Australia, this article outlines the various economic and conservation benefits arising from wildlife-based tourism. Some of the benefits are direct, such as tangible economic benefits, others are less tangible, such as increased visitors’ willingness to pay in principle for the conservation of species. Wildlife-based tourism is shown to foster political support for the conservation of species utilized for such tourism by various mechanisms. Non-consumptive uses of wildlife are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Sea turtles; Whales; Economic and conservation benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48734

NSW Rural land performance: 1990-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eves,   Chris.
This paper will address the total and capital return performance of a major agricultural area and compare these returns on the basis of both location of land and land use. The comparison will be used to determine if location or actual land use has a greater influence on rural property capital returns. This performance analysis is based on over 35,000 rural sales transactions. These transactions cover all market based rural property transactions in New South Wales, Australia for the period January 1990 to December 2008. Correlation analysis and investment performance analysis has also been carried out to determine the possible relationships between location and land use and subsequent changes in rural land capital values.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural land; Rural economics; Rural land values; Rural land use; Rural land investment; Investment performance; Rural property prices.; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114422

ARE POOR FARMERS TO BLAME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION? RESULTS FROM THE PERUVIAN ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Quiroz,   Roberto.
Links between poverty and natural resource degradation are examined in the context of soil erosion, fertility loss and overgrazing in the Peruvian Altiplano.  Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data examines 1) what agricultural practices affect natural resource degradation, and then 2) what factors affect farmers' choices of those agricultural practices.  Soil erosion and fertility loss appear reduced by increased fallow in crop rotations.  Overgrazing and range species loss are affected by changes in herd size and rotational grazing.  The effect of investment poverty on natural resource outcomes is not clear.  However, social and human capital variables both tend to favor the choice of more sustainable agricultural practices.  Natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11627

SOCIAL SUBSIDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES: AN OREGON EXAMPLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brar,   Jagjit S.; Conklin,   Frank S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29440

Complex Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities: Efficiency, Equity and Acceptability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
A feature of the research contribution of Konrad Hagedorn is his proposals for the integration of economic, social and political dimensions of agricultural policy. His wholistic approach involves, in part, an extension of new institutionalism to public policy. This article identifies a number of difficulties that arise in choosing public policies for regulating externalities generated by agricultural activity. First, it is noted that finding an economically efficient agricultural policy can be difficult because the functions involved can be irregular – they may involve features associated with the mathematics of catastrophe. This adds to the complexity of public decision-making and adds to the bounds in rational choice. Secondly, in the light of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Public policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55107

Legal Aspects of Creating Weather Modification Authorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Jerome E.; Beck,   Robert E.; Schloesser,   Lynn L.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120832

ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND AIR QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sweeten,   John M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33064

Will U.S. Agriculture Really Benefit from Global Warming?  Accounting for Irrigation in the Hedonic Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlenker,   Wolfram; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Fisher,   Anthony C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25122

The economic impact of climate change in Namibia. How climate change will affect the contribution of Namibia’s natural resources to its economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reid,   Hannah; Sahlen,   Linda; Stage,   Jesper; MacGregor,   James.
The IPCC recognises Africa as a whole to be “one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability and change because of multiple stresses and low adaptive capacity. Climate change is likely to exacerbate the dry conditions already experienced in southern Africa. And when rainfall does come, it is likely to be more intense, leading to erosion and flood damage. This will affect the poor most, with resulting constraints on employment opportunities and declining wages. But at present these predictions gain little policy traction in southern African countries. The multilateral climate change process is complicated and slow, and policymakers often see serious action on climate change as a domestic ‘vote loser’. One way to raise climate change concerns...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economics; Namibia; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37922

Economic valuation of the impacts of climate change in agriculture in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Sonia; Iglesias,   Ana.
The objective of this study is to provide a European assessment of the potential effects of climate change on agricultural crop production computing monetary estimates of these impacts for the European agricultural sector. The future scenarios incorporate socio economic projections derived from several SRES scenarios and climate projections obtained from global climate models and regional climate models. The quantitative results are based simulations using the GTAP general equilibrium models system that includes all relevant economic activities. The estimated changes in the exports and imports of agricultural goods, value of GDP and crop prices under the climate and socio-economic scenarios show significant regional differences between northern and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Climate change; Computable general equilibrium models; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44180

The Positive Political Economy of Instrument Choice in Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keohane,   Nathaniel O.; Revesz,   Richard L.; Stavins,   Robert N.
In the realm of environmental policy instrument choice, there is great divergence between the recommendations of normative economic theory and positive political reality. Four gaps stand out. First, despite the advantages of market-based policy instruments, they have been used to a minor degree, compared with conventional, command-and-control instruments. Second, pollution-control standards have typically been much more stringent for new than for existing sources, despite the inefficiency of this approach. Third, in the few instances in which market-based instruments have been adopted, they have nearly always taken the form of grandfathered tradeable permits, rather than auctioned permits or pollution taxes, despite the advantages in some situations of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; H11; P16; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10759

Analysis for biotechnology innovations using Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanacre,   Nicholas A.; Gaskell,   Joanne; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Quemada,   Hector; Halsey,   Mark; Birner,   Regina.
Meeting the food needs of the world’s growing population while reducing poverty and protecting the environment is a major global challenge. Genetically modified crops appear to provide a promising option to deal with this challenge. However there is a need to make strategic decisions on how to spend limited agricultural research funds in order to achieve a maximum impact with regard to finding sustainable solutions to end hunger and poverty. In international development institutions, there is growing interest in the potential use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as part of a research based Environmental Management System (EMS) to promote mainstreaming of environmental considerations in policy development. SEA was developed as an approach to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk; Strategic Environmental Assessment; Genetically Modified; GMO; LMO; Living Modified Organisms; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58584

Summary of the Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
This report provides an overview of the Functional Food and Nutraceuticals (FFN) survey. The FFN survey was conducted by Statistics Canada on behalf of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The objective of the survey was to produce new statistical information on the functional food and nutraceutical sector and a profile of firms engaged in functional and/or nutraceutical-related activities in Canada.  It begins with a look at the structure of the Canadian FFN industry, then reviews the labour and capital inputs, the business relationships and intellectual property rights and ends with the impact of regulations in the Canadian FNN industry. Charts, figures and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize the information and to provide baseline...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52703

Climate Change Mitigation Policy: The Effect of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme on New Radiata Pine Forest Plantations in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tee,   James; Scarpa,   Riccardo; Marsh,   Dan; Guthrie,   Graeme.
Climate change is one of the toughest challenges facing the world today. Putting a price on carbon emissions is an important step towards climate change mitigation. A cap and trade system is one of the ways to create a carbon price. The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZETS) is the world’s first economy-wide cap and trade system that covers all sectors and all 6 greenhouse gases. Forestry is a major part of the NZETS, allowing foresters to earn carbon credits for new forests planted on and after 1st January 1990 (afforestation and reforestation). At the same time, the NZETS also makes foresters liable for harvesting new forests planted on and after 1st January 1990, and deforesting forests existing on and before 31st December 1989. In this paper, we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100703

A DECOMPOSITION APPROACH TO ASSESS ILUC RESULTS FROM GLOBAL MODELING EFFORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Witzke,   Heinz Peter; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; Golub,   Alla A.; Havlik,   Petr; Msangi,   Siwa; Tokgoz,   Simla; Searchinger,   Timothy D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91430

The Conflict Between Trade Policy and Environmental Policy in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vasavada,   Utpal; Saint-Louis,   Robert; Debailleul,   Guy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50879

A Foot and Mouth Disease Induced Model of US Excess Supply of Beef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor; Salifou,   Samaila.
Agriculture is a vulnerable sector of the U.S economy, accounting for 13% of Gross Domestic Product and 15% of employment.  It produces quality cheap food for domestic consumption and accounts for more than $65 billion in export revenues.  Contagious animal diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) are often referred to as economic diseases because of the magnitude of harm they cause producers, local communities and the consequences in international trade.  Losses from the 2001 FMD outbreak in the United Kingdom are estimated at $10.7 to $11.7 billion. The total cost of an FMD outbreak is the sum of eradication cost, production losses, and the loss of exports.   This paper examines the export effects of a bioterrorist attack such as the introduction of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Excess supply; FMD; Beef prices; Bioterrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46053

A fenntartható fejlődést szolgáló paradigma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meszaros,   Sandor.
Az uralkodó neoklasszikus paradigma alapján a 20. század második felében a gazdasági növekedés a várható klímaváltozás, a Föld természeti erőforrásai és a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek figyelembevétele nélkül ment végbe. Erre a helyzetre szolgált válaszul a fenntarthatóság koncepciója, amely az utóbbi két évtizedben globális mozgalommá vált, és nemzeti alkalmazkodási stratégiák kidolgozásához vezetett. A gazdaság működésére azonban igazán új paradigma mégsem született, bár a köz¬gazdaságtan a komplexitás irányába látszik fejlődni. Az új (transzdiszciplináris) paradigma eddigi hiánya ellenére a szükséges változások irányai már felismerhetők: a fosszilis energiaforrások mielőbbi helyettesítése és az erdőgazdaság kiemelt kezelése (Low Carbon Economy), valamint...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gazdasági paradigmák; Fenntarthatóság; Klímaváltozás; Globalizáció; Modellezés; Economic paradigms; Sustainability; Climate change; Globalisation; Modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99116

Intensifying agricultural sustainability: An analysis of impacts and drivers in the development of ‘bright spots’
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noble,   Andrew D.; Bossio,   Deborah A.; Penning de Vries,   Frits W.T.; Pretty,   Jules N.; Thiyagarajan,   T.M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Farming systems; Sustainable agriculture; Productivity; Investment; Thailand; Palestine; Latin America; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91818

Discounting and Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate “constant equivalent discount rates” and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7192

Factors Influencing Private Landowner  Restoration Investment Decisions in Coastal Louisiana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dedah,   Cheikhna O.; Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.; Keithly,   Walter R., Jr.
Coastal wetland loss has been a major problem in Louisiana, exceeding 1.2 million acres over the last century alone. Although federal, state, and local efforts have attempted to combat this loss from a public perspective, little has been done to encourage private landowners to maintain and protect their coastal lands.  This paper investigates the factors that influence private landowners to invest in coastal wetland restoration and maintenance activities in Louisiana.  We surveyed private coastal landowners to determine their general socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes toward risks, attitudes toward wetland conservation, current uses of landholdings, and previous investments in wetland restoration and maintenance projects. Using this survey data, an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Restoration; Investment; Risk; Attitudes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56451

Modelling Integrated Dairy Systems In The UK: Towards Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butler,   Allan J.; Turner,   Martin M.
This paper draws on the results of a multi-disciplinary research project funded by Defra1 which has focussed on identifying and developing practical approaches by which the dairy sector can reduce inputs and diffuse pollution, whilst maintaining biodiversity, product quality, high animal health and welfare standards and market competitiveness. The pressures on UK dairying for change towards greater economic and environmental sustainability derive from the need to remain profitable in the face of low farm-gate prices, competition from the global market in the context of a wide range of environmental and animal welfare constraints that have increased considerably in number and stringency during recent years. The challenge is to identify and develop practices...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7978

Investing in Biogas: Timing, Technological Choice and the Value of Flexibility from Inputs Mix
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Corato,   Luca; Moretto,   Michele.
In a continuous-time framework we study the technology and investment choice problem of a continuous co-digestion biogas plant dealing with randomly fluctuating relative convenience of input factor costs. Input factors enter into the productive process together mixed according to a given initial rule. Being inputs relative convenience stochastically evolving, a successive revision of the initial rule may be desirable. Hence, when the venture starts the manager may or may not install a flexible technology allowing for such option. Investment is irreversible and flexibility is costly. The problem is solved determining in the light of future prospects the optimal revision and then playing backward fixing the investment timing rule.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor Proportions; Technological Choice; Flexibility; Real Options; Alternative Energy Source; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D24; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55283

The Impacts of Alternative Institutions on Distributional and Environmental Efficiency in Environmental Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buller,   Virginia; Hudson,   Darren.
Experimental auctions are used to examine the impacts of alternative constraints on environmental programs.  Results show that use of a monetary constraint results in greater environmental efficiency at a lower total cost as compared to an acreage constraint.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35423

Niche Agribusiness Supply Chains and the Channel Coordinator’s Role in their Creation and Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patterson,   Alastair; Martin,   Sandra; Mollenkopf,   Diane A.
The role of the channel coordinator and the structure of their supply chains are critical to the success of a supply chain that produces a product targeted at a specific market niche. Without the management of the channel coordinator, focussed on delivering a product with specific attributes to the target niche, the supply chain will be incapable of working in concert and creating a cohesive product offering. The supply chain structure is critical to this process. Although these two concepts are often mentioned in the supply chain and associated literature, and despite their importance, there is very little empirical evidence that shows the linkage between the channel coordinator and the supply chain structure. This paper is based on the analysis of five...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Channel coordinator; Supply chain structure; Niche markets; New Zealand meat industry; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98512

Thresholds for Carcinogens: A Review of the Relevant Science and Its Implications for Regulatory Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   James D.
Regulation of carcinogens in the United States has been based on a "no threshold" policy. This makes the assumption there exists no level of exposure for which the possibility of causing harm is truly zero. The alternative "threshold" policy assumes that there exists some level of exposure at which no harm will come to anyone in a population so exposed. The no-threshold policy made sense when adopted, thirty or more years ago, since the science then available was not able to distinguish between these two opposing hypotheses, and "no threshold" provides more margin of safety. Since then, our understanding of biological processes related to birth and growth of cancer has greatly expanded. We now understand that two different biological processes can enlarge...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulation; Cancer; Science policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10470

Public Policies for Contaminated Site Cleanup: The Opinions of the Italian Public
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turvani,   Margherita; Chiabai,   Aline; Alberini,   Anna; Tonin,   Stefania.
Cleaning up contaminated sites is one of the most important environmental policy priorities in many countries. Remediation of contaminated sites is attractive because it reduces risks to human health and ecological systems, and brings a host of potential social and economic benefits. Even when the burden of paying for cleanup is imposed on the parties that are responsible for the contaminated sites, in many countries government programs are established for enforcement purposes, to set cleanup standards, and to address contamination at those sites where the responsible parties are no longer in existence or do not have the means to pay for cleanup (“orphan” sites). This paper presents the results of a survey of the Italian public where we ask citizens to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10276

Land Use Implications of Expanding Biofuel Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dicks,   Michael R.; Campiche,   Jody L.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Bryant,   Henry L.; Richardson,   James W.
The Renewable Fuel Standard mandates in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 will require 36 billion gallons of ethanol to be produced in 2022. The mandates require that 16 of the 36 billion gallons must be produced from cellulosic feedstocks. The potential land use implications resulting from these mandates were examined using two methods, the POLYSYS model and a general equilibrium model. Results of the POLYSYS analysis indicated that 72.1 million tons of corn stover, 23.5 million tons of wheat straw, and 24.7 million acres would be used to produce 109 million tons of switchgrass in 2025 to meet the mandate. Results of the CGE analysis indicated that 10.9 billion bushels of corn grain, 71 million tons of corn stover, and 56,200 tons of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cellulosic ethanol; Corn stover; Grain ethanol; Renewable fuel standard; Switchgrass; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53091

Waste Generation and Landfill Diversion Dynamics: Decentralised Management and Spatial Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna; Nicolli,   Francesco.
This paper provides analyses of municipal waste generation and landfill diversion dynamics based on an 8-year panel dataset for Italy covering 103 provinces. Although absolute declining for waste generation is a long way off, there are some first signals of increasing relative delinking and robust average landfill diversion. Spatial effects seem to be negligible, probably due to the strong decentralisation of waste management and policies: local, economic, policy and structural factors contribute to explaining the waste dynamics. Though North-South waste performances are showing some signals of convergence, greater efforts towards convergence of waste performances in a decentralised policy scenario are needed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste Generation; Waste Management; Landfill Diversion; Decentralised Waste Policies; Landfill Tax; Separated Collection; Spatial Effects; Convergence; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60660

REGULATION OF NITROGEN POLLUTION: TAXES VERSUS QUOTAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Choi,   E. Kwan; Feinerman,   Eli.
This paper investigates the effects of first-best policies to regulate nitrogen application. Some nitrogen fertilizer is applied ex ante before a random rainfall, but sidedressed nitrogen may be applied ex post. First-best policy is a tax or a quota on ex ante application, because sidedressed nitrogen is not leached. Since a risk-averse farmer uses more nitrogen ex ante than a risk-neutral farmer, a higher tax must be imposed on the former.  Action equivalent first-best taxes and quotas are also welfare equivalent. An empirical model for wheat in Israel was used to demonstrate the analytical findings.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30925

WASPA Asia: wastewater agriculture and sanitation for poverty alleviation in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wastewater irrigation; Health hazards; Poverty; Sanitation; Development projects; Asia; Kolkata; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91467

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM: WHY ARE SO MANY CONTRACTS BEING CANCELLED?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea.
This paper analyzes why USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program has a high rate of contract withdrawals. Using a logit model we examine whether withdrawals are linked to: (i)farmers bidding for payments that are too low, (ii)a learning phase about the program, (iii)the types of conservation practices included in a contract.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20597

Socio-Economic Impacts of the Agricultural Emissions Trading Scheme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Timar,   Levente.
Paper removed Feb. 14, 2013 at author's request
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115509

Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and Strategic Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
We use an extended partial equilibrium trade model to derive optimal environmental policy responses to tariff reduction requirements and assess the impact of such policies on the welfare of trading partners. We find that countries which attribute preferential political weights to farmers' welfare have an incentive to implement environmental policies that deviate from the Pigouvian solution - even if production is not de facto linked to environmental externalities. We clarify the conditions under which trading partners do not gain from unilateral trade liberalisation if trade concessions are accompanied by strategic environmental policy changes. We postulate a role for the WTO in overseeing the process of domestic policy formulation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Strategic environmental policy; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; F11; F18; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24609

Finding a sustainable linkage between the emerging farmer and formal markets: The case of pick ‘n pay and the Zanyokwe farmers in the eastern Cape of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
A major problem confronting rural and emerging farmers is the marketing of their products. Most of the farmers encountered depend on the local or village markets which are often saturated or purchases are not backed by effective demand to make sales meaningful for the desired benefits. Small scale South African farmers have not been able to access the formal sector to sell their goods. There are several reasons for this which is linked to the nature of the historical evolution of the South African agricultural sector and in particular the food production system. Recently, it has been argued that the small scale farmers are not able to meet the standards that are set by the formal sector and are therefore responsible for their own exclusion by producing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51993

Predicting the quality and prices of Bordeaux wines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ashenfelter,   Orley.
Bordeaux wines have been made in much the same way for centuries. This article shows that the variability in the quality and prices of Bordeaux vintages is predicted by the weather that created the grapes. The price equation provides a measure of the real rate of return to holding wines (about 2–3% per annum) and implies far greater variability in the early or ‘en primeur’ wine prices than is observed. The analysis provides a useful basis for assessing market inefficiency, the effect of climate change on the wine industry and the role of expert opinion in determining wine prices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine quality; Wine prices; Weather; Bordeaux wine; Wine auctions; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37297

Off-Farm Employment Effects on Adoption of Nutrient Management Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gedikoglu,   Haluk; McCann,   Laura M.J.; Artz,   Georgeanne M.
Off-farm income as a share of total farm household income has been increasing. Previous studies found inconsistent results regarding the impact of off-farm income on adoption of conservation practices. We test the hypothesis that off-farm employment has a positive impact on adoption of capital incentive practices and a negative impact on adoption of labor-intensive practices. The results confirm that adoption of injecting manure into the soil, a capital intensive practice, is positively and significantly impacted by off-farm employment of the operator. However, off-farm employment variables had no effect on adoption of record keeping.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Nutrient management; Off-farm income; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117778

Putting the Spotlight on Attribute Definition: Divergence Between Experts and the Public
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cleland,   Jonelle; McCartney,   Abbie.
One of the key stages of designing a choice experiment is to define the attributes of interest. The attributes chosen essentially influence all subsequent activities carried out in a choice study. Surprisingly, the process of attribute definition is not the subject of critical and ongoing inquiry. In the context of informing policy, the choice modelling literature suggests that a given set of attributes should (1) reflect public interests, (2) have a sound scientific basis, and (3) provide useful information to end-users. Fulfilling all criteria presents a challenging task to researchers. Conflicts between criteria are possible, and there are currently no guidelines to assist researchers in negotiating their way through potentially competing sets of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107576

Opening a Public Recreation Area to Revitalize Coastal Communities and Preserve Natural Resources in Louisiana: The Case of Elmer's Island
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Caffey,   Rex H.; Devkota,   Nirmala; Hall,   Larry M.
The income capitalization approach is used, based on expenditure and nonmarket values collected from travel-cost and contingent valuation methodologies, to measure the feasibility of running a self-sustaining recreational site in coastal Louisiana. Through Internet and intercept surveys, a total of 2,696 respondents, 88% of them anglers, provided information on economic expenditures, destination preferences, and preferences for specific site amenities regarding Elmer's Island. The purchase and subsequent opening of the area to the public were found to be self-sustaining even when considering conservative economic estimates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coastal community revitalization; Market valuation; Nonmarket valuation; Public purchase of private recreational area; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q26.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43773

Modelling Climate Change and Agricultural Production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): In Quest of Statistics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.
Climate change is a natural and dynamic phenomenon resulting from complex interrelationships between physical, environmental and human factors. The sustainability of life on earth depends partly on the ability of mankind to maintain this natural and balanced flow of such gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor traping heat. Unfortunately, human beings contribute significantly to the presence of such gases known as Green House Gases (GHGs) through agricultural and industrial activities. The implications are the excess trap of sunlight and the blocking of outward radiation. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the importance of agriculture cannot be stressed enough given that it is central to economic growth and most of economic activities in the region...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modelling; Agriculture; Climate change; Variability; Statistics; Policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50821

The Dynamics of Carbon Sequestration and Alternative Carbon Accounting, with an Application to the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli.
Carbon sequestration is a temporal process in which carbon is continuously being stored/released over time. Different methods of carbon accounting can be used to account for this temporal nature, including annual average carbon, annualized carbon, and ton-year carbon. In this paper, starting by exposing the underlying connections among these methods, we examine how the comparisons of sequestration projects are affected by these methods and the major factors affecting them. We explore the empirical implications for carbon sequestration policies by applying these accounting methods to the Upper Mississippi River Basin, a large and important agriculture area in the United States. We find that the differences are significant in terms of the location of land...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Annual average carbon; Annualized carbon; Carbon sequestration; Ton-year carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18438

Corporate Codes of Conduct: Is Common Environmental Content Feasible?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Parry,   Ian W.H.; Aguilar,   Francisco X.; Jawahar,   Puja.
In a developing country context, a policy to promote adoption of common environmental content for corporate codes of conduct (COCs) aspires to meaningful results on two fronts. First, adherence to COC provisions should offer economic benefits that exceed the costs of compliance; i.e., companies must receive a price premium, market expansion, efficiency gains, subsidized technical assistance, or some combination of these benefits in return for meeting the requirements. Second, compliance should produce significant improvements in environmental outcomes; i.e., the code must impose real requirements, and monitoring and enforcement must offer sufficient incentives to prevent evasion. With those goals in mind, we explore options for establishing common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate social responsibility; Codes of conduct; Environmental management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; O19.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10889

How to Realize Breakthrough in WTO Doha Negotiations?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhou,   Jian-Ming.
Originally published by ‘Africa Link’ (www.africalink.ch/), Headquarters in Switzerland, at (http://www.africalink.ch/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=12993%3Ahow-torealize- breakthrough-in-wto-doha-negotiations&amp;catid=49%3Abusiness-andeconomy&amp; Itemid=58 =en)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Breakthrough; WTO; Doha negotiations; Agriculture; Non-agricultural market; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F; K; O; P; Q; R.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97047

The impacts of knowledge of the past on preferences for future landscape change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colombo,   Sergio; Hanley,   Nick; Ready,   Richard C.
In this paper, we investigate whether people’s knowledge of the past influences their preferences and values towards future landscape change. “Knowledge of the past” is one aspect of the information set held by individuals, and a well-established finding in stated preference work is that changes in information can change preferences and values. The case studies used here relate to prospective changes in woodland cover in a UK national park the Lock Lomond and Trossachs. We find that people who are made aware that the landscape has changed over time are more likely to favour changes to the current landscape. Knowledge of the past therefore seems to have an impact on preferences for future landscapes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Landscape valuation; National parks; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43604

Does Social Capital Have a Role in Environmental Kuznets Curve Estimation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Bhandari,   Doleswar; Johnson,   Thomas G.
This study examines if social capital has a role to play in environmental Kuznets curve estimation. It uses information from the World Values Survey to extract the variables representative of the social capital to develop an index using a principal component analysis. Estimation involves the use of parametric and semiparametric panel models to examine the role of social capital in the EKC behavior.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21341

Combining discrete and continuous mixing approaches to accommodate heterogeneity in price sensitivities in environmental choice analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny; Doherty,   Edel; Hynes,   Stephen; van Rensburg,   Tom M.
Data from a discrete choice experiment aimed at eliciting the demand for recreational walking trails on farmland in the Republic of Ireland is used to explore the consequences of misspecifying the cost coefficient. To enable straightforward calculation of WTP from the distributions of the non-price coefficients, the price coefficient is typically held constant in mixed logit models. This implies that all respondents are equally price sensitive. In this paper we test the validity of this assumption. Our approach is based on a comparison and combination of discrete and continuous mixing approaches (i.e., a mixture of distributions) to uncover the unobserved heterogeneity in price sensitivities. Results from the analysis highlight that model fit and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiments; Discrete mixtures; Continuous mixtures; Mixtures of distributions; Price sensitivities; Farmland recreation; Willing to pay space; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91723

Information Reference Models for European Pork Supply Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehmann,   Richard J.; Fritz,   Melanie; Schiefer,   Gerhard.
Several global developments such as diminishing production resources, limits in the availability of water and the growing demand for bio-energy as well as sector-wide crises (e.g. BSE, swine fever, dioxin) have led to a changing attitude of society towards the conse-quences of the food system‘s activities for social, economic and environmental issues, cap-tured in the term of sustainability. As a consequence, consumers show increasing interest in the characteristics of food, and in turn, on the availability of related information and guaran-tees. The paper introduces different information reference models for European pork supply networks, which give an aggregated overview about information availability and exchange in the pork sector, identify additional...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information Modelling; Reference Modelling; Food Safety; Quality; Global Warm-ing Potential; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122014

USING INPUT-OUTPUT (I-O) ANALYSIS IN EVALUATING CONSERVATION PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM EVALUATION OF THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM (CRP)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry.
This paper describes the use of input-output modeling in estimating the economic impacts of the conservation reserve program (CRP) in North Dakota, discusses challenges faced in conducting the analysis, and examines lessons learned from the study.  The study had two major phases: (1)  a statewide survey of CRP participants was conducted to determine selected characteristics of those individuals and their enrolled land that would be important for subsequent impact estimation and (2) a regional input-output model was used to estimate the indirect effects of the CRP program for each of the state's five pool groups.  The results of this analysis indicated that the impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program on the North Dakota economy were relatively modest....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20850

Multi-year Water Allocation: A Policy Analysis for Groundwater Management and Conservation for Irrigated Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tewari,   Rachna; Almas,   Lal K.; Lust,   David G.
Heavy withdrawals from the most dependable source of groundwater in the Texas Panhandle, the Ogallala Aquifer, create an impending need for implementing water conservation policies. This study evaluates the policy option of multi-year water allocation coupled with water use restriction in four water deficit counties of Castro, Deafsmith, Parmer and Swisher over a sixty year planning horizon. Results indicate that the water use in the study area declines with progressive restriction rates accompanied by a substantial decrease in the net present value of net returns over sixty years and therefore it is important to analyze the socio-economic effects of implementing such a policy alternative.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multi-year allocation; Ogallala Aquifer; Texas Panhandle; Water conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98737

North Dakota Lignite Industry's Contribution to the State Economy for 2009 and Projected for 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120310

The Sustainability of Agricultural Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rigby,   Dan; Caceres,   Daniel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30574

A comparison of the economic and environmental performances of conventional and organic farming: evidence from financial statements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argiles,   Josep M.; Brown,   Nestor Duch.
While conventional farming systems face serious problems of sustainability, organic agriculture is seen as a more environmentally friendly system since it favours renewable resources, recycles nutrients, uses the environment’s own systems for controlling pests and diseases, sustains ecosystems, protects soils, and reduces pollution. At the same time organic farming promotes animal welfare, the use of natural foodstuffs, product diversity and the avoidance of waste, among other practices. However, the future of organic agriculture will depend on its economic viability and on the determination shown by governments to protect these practices. This paper performs panel regressions with a sample of Catalan farms (Spain) to test the influence of organic farming...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conventional farming; Social/environmental/financial performance; Social and environmental accounting; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q01; Q12; Q51; M41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118577

Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.; Roberts,   Anna M.; Park,   Geoff; Curatolo,   April; Marsh,   Sally P.; Alexander,   Jennifer.
This is a pre-publication version of: Pannell, D.J., Roberts, A.M., Park, G., Alexander, J., Curatolo, A. and Marsh, S. (2012). Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia, Land Use Policy 29(2): 377-387.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102455

STORAGE TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28581

Economic Growth and Carbon Emission Control -A case study of power industry in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Zhenyu; Schoengold,   Karina.
Many countries have achieved moderate to dramatic growth  during the last few decades, and the world-widely continued economic growth results in increased wealth and deteriorated environment. The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has received great attention in empirical and theoretical studies. But results are mixed: some find that economic development inevitably leads to environmental deterioration due to resource depletion and pollution, while others find that continued economic development helps to improve environmental quality. Further works are required in a specific context to answer the question whether environmental improvement is compatible with continued economic growth.  We intend to provide insight on the potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Carbon emission control; Power generation; China; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49363

DOUBLE DIVIDEND WITH TRADE DISTORTIONS: ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND EVIDENCE FROM CHILE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Dessus,   Sebastien.
This paper contributes to the double dividend debate with a formal analysis and some numerical evidence emphasizing trade and environmental distortions with a substitution of environmental taxes for trade distortions.  We derive existence conditions and we empirically explore the trade/environment double dividend with an applied general equilibrium model of Chile.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Double dividend; Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21509

Has Imported Rice Crowded-out Domestic Rice Production in Ghana? What has Been the Role of Policy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel; Osei-Asare,   Yaw Bonsu.
Commercial rice imports have accounted for approximately 61%, food aid in rice accounted for about 2%, and domestic rice accounted for some 37% per annum of rice consumption in Ghana over the four years between 2000 and 2003. Compared to the 1990s, these figures show a gradual decline in the share of local rice production in the total quantities of rice consumed in the country. On the other hand, the proportion of food aid in rice consumed has remained relatively constant over the period, while the proportion of commercial imports has increased steadily. Using the Engel-Granger residual-based co-integration test, a market integration analysis was explored for imported rice and domestic rice which compared a central market for imported rice and five key...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ghana; Market integration Policy; Rice; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52002

DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK-BASED CLEAN-UP LEVEL FOR CADMIUM IN RESIDENTIAL SOIL;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krieger,   Gary R.
The purpose of this document is to derive a risk-based clean-up level (RBCL) for cadmium in residential soil utilizing standard published EPA toxicity factors from IRIS (EPA, 1994) and methodologies from the Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14380

Assessing the economic viability of alternative water resources in water scarce regions: The roles of economic valuation, cost–benefit analysis and discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Koundouri,   Phoebe; Kountouris,   Yiannis.
This paper demonstrates a comprehensive methodology to assess the viability of an environmental management plan which has long-run economic and ecological impacts. The case study under consideration is the implementation of a water resource management plan in a water scarce region of the world, namely Cyprus. Specifically this plan proposes to replenish a depleting aquifer with treated wastewater. The methodology proposed first identifies the key stakeholder groups, namely farmers and the general public, who are hypothesized to derive economic values (benefits) from the implementation of this plan, and then implements stated preference methods to capture the total economic value of these benefits. Benefits are aggregated over the relevant populations of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquifer recharge; Treated Wastewater; Total Economic Value; Choice Experiment; Long-run Cost Benefit Analysis; Declining Discounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51692

DETECTING EVIDENCE OF NON-COMPLIANCE IN SELF-REPORTED POLLUTION EMISSIONS DATA: AN APPLICATION OF BENFORD'S LAW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dumas,   Christopher F.; Devine,   John H.
The paper introduces Digital Frequency Analysis (DFA) based on Benford's Law as a new technique for detecting non-compliance in self-reported pollution emissions data. Public accounting firms are currently adopting DFA to detect fraud in financial data. We argue that DFA can be employed by environmental regulators to detect fraud in self-reported pollution emissions data. The theory of Benford's Law is reviewed, and statistical justifications for its potentially widespread applicability are presented. Several common DFA tests are described and applied to North Carolina air pollution emissions data in an empirical example.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benford; Digital frequency analysis; Pollution monitoring; Pollution regulation; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21740

Optimal Design of Government Hierarchy for Ecosystem Service Provision
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stone,   Edward A.; Wu,   JunJie.
There is broad concern that humans are transforming our environment. This transformation has potential to impact humanity as we depend on the environment ecosystem services. According to the Millennium Assessment (2005), degradation and unsustainable exploitation presently threaten over 60% of ecosystem services with real implications for health and standards of living. Furthermore, both the exploitation of ecosystem services and the growth rate of that exploitation have been far higher in recent decades than ever before due to population growth and rising standards of living, i.e. consumption.   Increasing pressure on ecosystem services has driven thinking on mitigation strategies. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) has emerged as a strategy to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6253

Contributions of U.S. Crop Subsidies to Biofuel and Related Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Bayham,   Jude.
The U.S. crop subsidies provide incentives for farmers to expand feedstock production, which benefits the biofuel producers by lowering input costs. This study develops a general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of a reduction in the U.S. crop subsidy on biofuel industries and social welfare. The impacts of feedstock policies on the biofuel market are marginal. In contrast, the biofuel mandate has a larger impact and counteracts the effects of the crop subsidy reduction. The mandate increases the demand for feedstock and causes not only grain ethanol, but also cellulosic ethanol production to rise. The mandate exacerbates the distortion, and government spending increases significantly, leading to greater welfare loss.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Environmental impacts; Farm supports; Welfare analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q27.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100525

Potential Economic Effects of Post-CRP Land Management in Southwest North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Hodur,   Nancy M.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Nudell,   Daniel J.
The uncertain future of the Conservation Reserve Program has created substantial interest for agricultural producers, rural businesses, community leaders, sportsmen, and wildlife organizations. Many regions of the upper Great Plains have participated heavily in the CRP as evidenced by program acreage reaching land enrollment limits; however, current enrollment and re-enrollment criterion are expected to substantially reduce CRP acreage in many parts of the Great Plains. The divergence of interests between pursing post-CRP lands for agricultural production versus retaining the wildlife habitat and wildlife populations supported on CRP lands presents land owners and agricultural producers with important land management decisions over the next several years....
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: North Dakota; Conservation Reserve Program; Recreation; Agriculture; Land Management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119832

Waste Not, Want Not: Managing Livestock Waste for Income and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christoe,   Jock.
The world-wide intensification of livestock industries poses major challenges for waste disposal. For example, the total solids wastes discharged from livestock farms in China exceeded 1.7 billion tons in 1997, with a further 20 billion tons of waste water being discharged to the environment — only 10% of these wastes were treated! A key element of sustainable development is Cleaner Production. Cleaner Production is an approach in which wastes are handled in such a way that environmental pollution is avoided. Cleaner Production practices include waste minimisation, pollution prevention, recycling and community-based environmental approaches. An increase in the production of livestock products means an increase in the production of livestock wastes and,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124019

Agricultural Productivity and Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibonge Naik,   Aziza.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61899

Economics of Pearl Oyster Culture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Poirine,   Bernard.
In this paper, the market situation of the pearl industry is examined and changes in its structure are related to new technologies. Differences in the industry’s socio-economic impacts are explored, sources of market supply are specified and factors involved in the marketing of pearls are given particular attention. Most, but not exclusive attention, is given to the experiences of the Australian pearl industry and that of French Polynesia. Australia is the major global producer of South Sea pearls and French Polynesia is the main supplier of black pearls.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pearl industry; Black pearls; South Sea pearls; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55102

SOCIALLY OPTIMAL STRATEGIES FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghosh,   Koel; Shortle,   James S.; Hershner,   Carlton.
The study explores the implications of climate change for the economic costs of ecological conservation and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation. It develops a methodological framework that addresses the key issues of uncertainty, irreversibility and space in climate change and illustrates it using a GIS aided case study.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20155

ECONOMICS OF A WETLAND-RESERVOIR SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEM IN NORTHWESTERN OHIO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Steven T.; Batte,   Marvin T.; Brown,   Larry C.; Czartoski,   Bernie J.; Fausey,   Norman R.; Belcher,   H.W.
Subirrigation in conjunction with an artificial wetland has been shown to benefit the environment.  It must also be demonstrated that this technology can be profitable for the private sector.  Using cost structures developed from three Northwest Ohio test sites, this paper examines the economic soundness of applying these techniques to production agriculture.  The hypothesis is that the benefits of increased yields resulting from stabilizing the water supply throughout the growing season will offset the costs of construction.  Presented results will include a summary of private revenues and costs associated with the subirrigation and artificial wetland investment for the three demonstration sites.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Analysis; Wetlands; Subirrigation; Net Present Value Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21559

Economic Impact of Leafy Spurge on Grazingland and Wildland in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Wallace,   Nancy M.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121370

IMPACTOS DA RECOMPOSIÇÃO DA RESERVA LEGAL NAS  RECEITAS TRIBUTÁRIAS ESTADUAIS E MUNICIPAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goncalves,   Jose Sidnei; Castanho,   Eduardo Pires Filho; Souza,   Sueli Alves Moreira.
O trabalho analisa a determinação de recomposição da reserva legal nas propriedades rurais paulistas no cumprimento da atual legislação ambiental. Mostra que se aplicada tal como está desenhada haverá importantes impactos negativos na área agropecuária destinada a atividades econômicas e, por conseguinte, nas receitas estaduais e municipais, penalizando principalmente os municípios mais pobres. Dessa maneira tal medida se mostra inaplicável sem a adoção de medidas compensatórias.----------------------This article analyzes the legal act for individual farms’ environmental  reserve restoration in São Paulo State in duty to the environmental  statutes. It shows thai if it is applied as it is designed, there will  be important negative impacts in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Reserva legal; Agropecuária paulista; Finanças públicas; Área agropecuária; Environmental reserve; Sao Paulo State agriculture; Public  finance; Agricultural area; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108086

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR DEALING WITH POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammond,   Leigh H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30502

A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curves for CO2 Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Musolesi,   Antonio; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper investigates the EKC curves for CO2 emissions in a panel of 109 countries during the period 1959-2001. The length of the series makes the application of a heterogeneous estimator suitable from an econometric point of view. The results, based on the hierarchical Bayes estimator, show that different EKC dynamics are associated with the different sub samples of countries considered. On average, more industrialized countries show an EKC evidence in quadratic specifications, which are nevertheless probably evolving into an N shape, emerging from cubic specifications. Less developed countries consistently show that CO2 emissions still rise positively with income, though some signals of an EKC path arise.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12057

Analysis of Trade and Environmental Policy Options on the Basis of a National Agricultural Sector Model with Multifunctional Outputs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Gerald.
Studies on liberalisation normally do not take into account the external benefits and costs of agriculture. Empirical studies on the valuation of externalities should be integrated into quantitative modelling. MULTSIM is a national supply model of agriculture. Besides commodity output the model depicts also external benefit linked to landscape preservation and external environmental costs of agriculture. Internalisation scenarios are defined showing that the reduction of commodity-linked support and the introduction of land subsidies and intermediate input taxes have differentiated impacts on the farm types’ competitiveness. A comprehensive policy approach to multifunctional agriculture requires market feedbacks to be taken into account. Internalising...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental costs; Multifunctional agriculture; Policy analysis; Agricultural sector modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98362

BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE REDUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luttrell,   Melissa.
Industrial waste reduction provides an opportunity to improve environmental quality while reducing industrial costs.  Significant evidence exists that firms can realize economic benefits while practicing waste reduction techniques, yet opportunities are being missed by firms due to internal conflict and entropy.  By studying the behavior of individuals within firms, firms and government agencies are more likely to affect a change toward increased waste reduction.   Traditional microeconomic theory asserts that costs are minimized by firms.  Yet as much evidence as there exists that waste reduction is cost effective, large scale waste reduction has not occurred within the private sector.  Firms do not maximize profits and minimize costs because of intrafirm...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10988

PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC MODEL INTEGRATION FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antle,   John M.; Capalbo,   Susan Marie.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28811

SHADOW PRICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL BADS: WEAK VS. STRONG DISPOSABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Helmers,   Glenn A.
This paper addresses the issue of the shadow price of environmental bads treated as an undesirable output (normal input) with weak (strong) disposability in a two-stage estimation. Nebraska agriculture sector time series data used is spread over 1936-94.  Results indicate the difference in the price due to the disposability property.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Shadow prices; Weak; Strong Disposability; Environmental Bads; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21615

Emissions Trading with Telecommuting Credits: Regulatory Background and Institutional Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Peter.
The 1999 National Telecommuting and Air Quality Act created pilot programs in five metropolitan areas in the United States to examine whether a particular type of economic incentive, tradable emissions credits created from telecommuting, represents a viable strategy for reducing vehicle miles traveled and improving air quality (H.R. 2094, 2000). Under the ecommute program, companies could generate emissions credits by reducing the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) of their workforce through telework programs. They would then be able to sell the credits to firms that needed the reductions to comply with air quality regulations. This paper provides some context for evaluating whether such a trading scheme represents a feasible approach to reducing mobile source...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; R4; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10884

FINANCING THE DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centner,   Terence J.; Gunter,   Lewell F.
The disposal of accumulated agricultural pesticides is an expensive proposition due to the hazardous nature of these materials.  States have inititated unwanted pesticide collection efforts based on several funding options.  Through an evaluation of regulations, funding options and comparison of amounts of pesticides collected to expenditures for pesticides, our paper offers some recommendations for future state collection efforts.  It may be advantageous to give greater weight to efficiency considerations for the disposal of existing unwanted pesticide stocks, while equity considerations may be emphasized for the disposal of anticipated future stocks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16724

PUBLIC CHOICE IN INTERNATIONAL POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Livingston,   Marie L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13645

Communicating Climate Change: A Literature Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parton,   Kevin A.; Morrison,   Mark.
For climate scientists, climate change is a problem that has a significant chance of having catastrophic environmental, social and economic consequences during the course of this century. In contrast, public opinion seems to regard with scepticism the pronouncements on climate change that emanate from the scientific community. Why the difference? This is what our research project was designed to examine. Or to put it another way: Assuming that the scientific information is correct, and that without a dramatic change in technology (and policy to promote such a change) there would be a significant risk of man-made, global catastrophe, what must be done to communicate this urgent issue to the public? We have approached the analysis of this problem by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Media; Scientists; Business; Government; The general public; Literature review; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; 1402.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100693

ÖKONOMISCHE ANALYSE REDUZIERTER  BODENBEARBEITUNG IN ABHÄNGIGKEIT VON DER  STICKSTOFFDÜNGUNG UNTER BESONDERER  BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DES PRODUKTIONSRISIKOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer-Aurich,   Andreas; Gandorfer,   Markus; Gerl,   Georg; Kainz,   Max.
Verfahren reduzierter Bodenbearbeitung können den Einsatz von Betriebsmitteln und Maschinen reduzieren und somit zu Kostensenkungen bei landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsverfahren beitragen. Unsicherheiten bezüglich möglicher Ertragseinbußen können jedoch eine Ursache für die geringe Akzeptanz reduzierter Bodenbearbeitungssysteme sein. Auf der Basis von Ergebnissen aus einem Langzeitversuch wurden die Ertragseffekte und deren ökonomische Auswirkungen unter Berücksichtigung von Risikoaspekten analysiert. Da die Bodenbearbeitung auch die Mineralisierung von Pflanzennährstoffen bestimmt, wurden auch Wechselwirkungen mit der Stickstoffdüngung untersucht. Anhand der Ergebnisse aus 12 Jahren wurde festgestellt, dass eine reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung vielfach eine...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung; Stickstoffdüngung; Risikoanalyse; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52660

Modeling Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Diversified Farms: The Case of Dairy Sheep Farming in Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sintori,   Alexandra; Tsiboukas,   Kostas.
Agricultural activity has been identified as a considerable source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Emissions from ruminant livestock farms are produced particularly due to CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation. Dairy sheep farming is the most important livestock production activity in Greece, characterized by a high degree of farm diversification. This paper addresses the issue of the evaluation of GHG emissions of Greek dairy sheep farms, through the use of a whole farm mathematical programming model that uses farm level data and optimizes total gross margin. Mathematical programming models are an appropriate tool, when addressing complex issues, such as GHG emissions. The analysis is undertaken on different farm types, instead of a representative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy sheep farming; Linear programming; GHG emissions; Abatement cost; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91812

Biofuel policies and the environment: the effects of biofuel feedstock production on climate, water quality and biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
In this paper we examine the multiple environmental effects of policies promoting biofuel production from agricultural crops. We develop theoretical and empirical frameworks and provide an integrated economic and ecological modelling approach: an economic model of farmers’ decision making is combined with a biophysical model predicting the effects of farming practices on crop yields and multiple environmental effects. The analysed environmental effects include GHG emissions over the life cycle, nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, herbicide runoff and the quality of wildlife habitats. Model is applied to crop production in Finland. We found that the overall environmental performance of alternative land use types is mainly driven by the value of CO2-eq emissions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life cycle analysis; Nutrient runoff; Herbicide runoff; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51677

Assessing the Risk of Oil Spills in the Mediterranean: the Case of the Route from the Black Sea to Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigano,   Andrea; Sheehan,   Paul.
Recent major spills on European coasts have highlighted the primary policy relevance for the EU of oil spills. This paper assesses the risks related to carrying oil to the EU along the route from the Russian Black Sea coast to Sicily, Italy (one of the most congested and strategically relevant European import routes). We develop a methodology based on Fault Tree Analysis, and we apply it to the most likely causes of an oil spill. We couple the resulting probabilities with data on expected spill size, types of oil carried and cleanup costs, to estimate expected costs for cleanup and loss of cargo. The route analysed appears to be a risky one; there is a “high” to “very high” risk of a spill along this route. The Turkish Straits turn out to be the major...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil spills; Cleanup costs; Risk analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q51; Q52; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12112

Tree Shade and Energy Savings: An Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandit,   Ram; Laband,   David N.
Trees cast shade on homes and buildings, lowering the inside temperatures and thus reducing demand for power to cool these buildings during hot times of the year. Drawing from a large sample of residences in Auburn, Alabama, we develop a statistical model that produces specific estimates of the electricity savings generated by shade-producing trees in a suburban environment. This empirical model links residential energy consumption to hedonic characteristics of the structures, characteristics and behaviors of the occupants, and the extent, density, and timing of shade cast on the structures. Our estimates suggest that if an additional 10 percent of the 125 million home owners in America started using tree shade to reduce electricity consumption an average...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59147

A method for evaluating the extent to which farm subsidies can be de-coupled before profitable arable land is abandoned in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fraser,   Rob W.
This paper evaluates concerns over the "abandonment of production" in the context of the recent CAP reform as it applies to the arable sector. The particular focus of the evaluation is on the extent to which the proposed "single farm payment" can be de-coupled from production and yet avoid the abandonment of land on which production is expected to be profitable. An analytical framework is developed which indicates the most important non-policy factors are the profitability of the land, the variability of yield and the grower's degree of risk aversion. The conclusion of a numerical analysis using this framework is that 85% de-coupling is unlikely to lead to abandonment of land in any arable region of the EU, and that 95% de-coupling is also unlikely to lead...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58448

Wind Power: The Economic Impact of Intermittency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Wind is the fastest growing renewable energy source for generating electricity, but economic research lags behind. In this study, therefore, we examine the economics of integrating large-scale wind energy into an existing electrical grid. Using a simple grid management model to investigate the impact of various levels of wind penetration on grid management costs, we show that costs of reducing CO2 emissions by relying more on wind power depend on the generation mix of the existing electricity grid and the degree of wind penetration, with costs ranging from $21 to well over $1000 per tonne of CO2 reduced. Costs are lowest if wind displaces large amounts of fossil fuel production and there is some hydroelectric power to act as a buffer. Hydro capacity has...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind power; Carbon costs; Electricity grids; Mathematical programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q41; C61.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54370

Adoption of Soil Conservation Measures in Manilla Shire, New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.; King,   David A.
Land in Manilla Shire, New South Wales, is characterised by serious soil erosion and land use is characterised by high rates of adoption of the recommended soil conservation measures. This behaviour is analysed to attempt to determine what factors are promoting soil conservation at each stage in the adoption process. The results suggest that policies to promote farmer perception of erosion problems should be formulated differently from those to promote actual adoption of the recommended measures. Perception of the problem depends mainly on the percentage of farm area that is eroded, but the likelihood of adoption depends mainly on the intensity of the erosion. The farmer's rating as an investor, the size and security of farm income, and the presence of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12257

An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to climate change adaptation in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolikow,   Steven; Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Mugera,   Amin W.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed conference as:  Kragt, M.E., Mugera, A. &amp; Kolikow, S. (2013) An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to agricultural climate change adaptation. In: Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. &amp; Boland J. (Eds) MODSIM2013, 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, Adelaide, 1-6 December 2013, pp. 593–599. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-3-1. Session B2: http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/B2/kragt.pdf
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agriculture; Australia; Broad-acre Farming; Conceptual Modelling; Climate Change; Epistemology; Interdisciplinary Research; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120467

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN GERMANY - A RICARDIAN ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aurbacher,   Joachim; Lippert,   Christian; Krimly,   Tatjana.
To assess the impact of climate change on agriculture in German districts, a Ricardian analysis accounting for spatial autocorrelation is used. The analysis relies on land rental prices from agricultural statistics and climate data from the network of German weather observation stations. The results of the cross-sectional analysis show a significant correlation between land rents and increasing mean temperatures, as well as (except for East Germany) a significant increase of land rents along with declining spring precipitation. Next, climate data from the regional climate model REMO are used to calculate local land rent changes under different IPCC scenarios for a time horizon between 2011 and 2040. The overall result is an increase in land rents which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91257

Integrated Regional Environmental Studies: The Role of Environmental Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53598

Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Damian C.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q18; Q48; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93679

A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oates,   Wallace E.
This paper provides a review and assessment of the debate over environmental federalism-the issue of the roles of different levels of government in environmental management. The paper begins with the presentation of three benchmark cases that provide a framework for thinking about the issue. It then offers a review, first of the theoretical literature and second of some new, provocative empirical literature on the race to the bottom. The paper contends that there remains, under certain circumstances, an important role for decentralized government in the setting of environmental standards and the design of regulatory programs. The central government, in addition to setting standards for "national" pollutants, has a fundamental contribution to make in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental federalism; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H1; H7.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10460

Globalisation, WTO and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This overview is divided into two main sections. The first sections reviews the literature on the impact of economic globalisation (involving of liberalisation of international trade and investment) on the state of the environment and sustainable development. While the WTO and Bretton Woods institutions believe that this impact can be expected to be favourable, divergent rational views can be found in the economics literature. A review of the relevant literature reveals that the situation is far from being black-and-white – there are grounds for rational doubt not withstanding the use of Environmental Kuznet’s curves, which on the surface seem to provide grounds for optimism.  The second main section dealt with the attitude and policies pursued by GATT-WTO...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Globalisation; Trade investment; Resource and environmental conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48009

Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anthoff,   David; Hepburn,   Cameron; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas emissions reflect these differences. Equity-weighted estimates of the marginal damage cost of carbon dioxide emissions are substantially higher than estimates without equity-weights; equity-weights may also change the sign of the social cost estimates. Equity weights need to be normalised. Our estimates differ by two orders of magnitude depending on the region of normalisation. A discounting error of equity weighted social cost of carbon estimates in earlier work (Tol, Energy Journal, 1999), led to an error of a factor two. Equity-weighted estimates are sensitive to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marginal Damage Costs; Climate Change; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9325

Delay on the Path to the Endangered Species List: Do Costs and Benefits Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
This paper uses duration analysis to evaluate the ability of interest groups to influence the timing of decisions to add species to the endangered species list by exerting pressure on the Fish and Wildlife Service. Using data from 1990 to 1994, it finds that public opposition and support can substantially slow and hasten (respectively) the progress of candidate species through the parts of the listing process most directly under the agency's control. Since the Service is not an atypical agency, similar patterns of public influence on delay may exist in other areas of bureaucratic decision making as well.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Duration analysis; Endangered species; Political economy; Interest groups; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10564

EFFECTS ON FARM INCOME AND THE ENVIRONMENT FROM TARGETING AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.
To evaluate potential effects on net farm income and water quality from specific agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs), estimates of phosphorus loading for current and alternative farming methods were combined with cost and return estimates to create a positive mathematical programming model of a major watershed. Targeting specific BMPs to susceptible regions was the most effective policy for improving water quality. This had smaller negative impacts on farm income than not targeting BMPs to reduce phosphorus effluent from agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35191

Livestock in China: Commodity-specific Total Factor Productivity Decomposition Using New Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Ma,   Hengyun; Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98507

A RENEWAL THEORETIC APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD SETTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The process of environmental regulation is usually a two-step one. In the first step, a standard for environmental quality is set. Then, in the second step, a regulatory mechanism is put in place to achieve the standard. In this paper I show how renewal theory can be used to set the quality standard optimally.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Standard; Renewal; Theory; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q20.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28354

The Role of Information Provision as a Policy Instrument to Supplement Environmental Taxes: Empowering Consumers to Choose Optimally
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sartzetakis,   Eftichios S.; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios; Petrakis,   Emmanuel.
The present paper examines, within a dynamic framework, the use of information provision as a policy instrument to supplement environmental taxation. We assume that at least a fraction of consumers do not posses the required information to make the optimal choices, and that their behavior at each time period depends on the accumulated stock of information. We show that, as the accumulated stock of information provision increases, both the optimal level of information provided at each period of time and the optimal tax rate decline over time. Our results provide strong evidence in support of information campaigns as a policy instrument to supplement traditional environmental policies. Information provision can shift the demand towards environmentally...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Information Provision; Environmental Taxation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q58; D62; D82.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52342

Natural endowments, production technologies, and the quality of wines in Bordeaux. Is it possible to produce wine on paved roads?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gergaud,   Olivier; Ginsburgh,   Victor.
We study whether quality assessments made by wine experts and by consumers (based on prices obtained at auction between 1980 and 1992), can be explained by variables describing endowments (land characteristics, exposures of vineyards) and technologies (from grape varieties and picking, to bottled wines). However, since technological choices are likely to depend on endowments, the effects can only be identified using an instrumental variables approach. We show that technological choices affect quality much more than natural endowments, the effect of which is negligible.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine production; Wine quality; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37294

Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John.
Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Web-based surveys; Internet surveys; Paper-based surveys; Stated preference; Collection mode; Choice experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59261

2C or Not 2C?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guivarch,   Celine; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
Political attention has increasingly focused on limiting warming to 2°C. However, to date the only mitigation commitments accompanying this target are the so-called Copenhagen pledges, and these pledges appear to be inconsistent with the 2°C objective. Diverging opinions on whether this inconsistency can or should be resolved have been expressed. This paper clarifies the alternative assumptions underlying these diverging view points and explicits their implications. It first gives simple visualizations of the challenge posed by the 2°C target. It then proposes a “decision tree”, linking different beliefs on climate change, the achievability of different policies, and current international policy dynamics to various options to move forward on climate change.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Feasibility of 2°C Target; Climate Change Negotiations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120019

A Preliminary Analysis of the Benefits of Introducing Apomixis into Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frisvold,   George B.; Bicknell,   Kathryn; Bicknell,   Ross.
The objective of this research is to undertake an ex ante economic analysis of basic scientific research that aims to identify the gene(s) that control apomictic reproduction, with the ultimate aim of transferring the characteristic into commercially important crops. This paper reports very preliminary results, using the introduction of apomixis into rice as a case study. Apomixis is a natural, asexual method of plant reproduction resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the mother plant. Apomixis promises to revolutionize plant breeding by providing a system for crop improvement that allows any desired variety, including hybrids, to breed true. This ability will make both breeding and seed production more efficient. It offers the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98515

A Study of the Impact of Ecotourism on Environmental Education and Conservation: The case of Turtle Watching at an Australian Site
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
The importance of environmental education as a component of ecotourism is highlighted.  The extent of environmental education and its impact on attitudes to conservation of sea turtles and actions by ecotourists to support such conservation as a result of their visits to Mon Repos Conservation Park (Queensland), an important marine turtle rookery, is examined.  To do this, results from 519 usable survey forms completed by ecotourists are analysed.  It is found that a considerable amount of environmental education is obtained by visitors and that this has positive and statistically significant impacts on their desire to protect sea turtles and their intended actions to do so.  The importance of the interaction of tourists with wildlife as a contributor to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Environmental education; Sea turtles; Sustainable tourism; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48365

Estimating community benefits from tourism: The case of Carpentaria Shire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greiner,   Romy; Stoeckl,   Natalie; Schweigert,   Roman.
The small rural communities in Australia's tropical savanna landscapes depend upon the region's natural resources for income and employment. Historically primary industries - including mining, grazing and, in the case of coastal communities, fishing - have been the pillars of economic activity in those regions. More recently, tourism has emerged as an additional nature-based industry, which offers new development and employment opportunities for populations in remote regions. Net benefits from tourism accrue from the balance of economic, social and environmental interactions of tourists with a destination. This paper presents a model of tourism impact in the Carpentaria shire of North West Queensland. A methodology is developed for tracking and quantifying...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tourism impact; Net benefit; Savanna regions; Destination management; Host community; Grey nomads; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58455

Can R&amp;D-Inducing Green Tariffs Replace International Environmental Regulations?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naghavi,   Alireza.
This paper investigates the link between trade and environment by exploring the effects of green tariffs on the location of firms, innovation and the environment. It shows that tariffs levied on polluting goods could result in less global pollution than harmonization of environmental standards by inducing more pollution abatement R&amp;D, generating lower unit emissions from production, and reducing competition. Green tariffs reduce pollution by (1) shifting production to the region where environmental standards are respected, (2) strategically inducing abatement R&amp;D by the Northern firm by granting the latter a higher market share, (3) creating abatement R&amp;D by deterring delocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12052

Selecting a Land Conservation Reserve for Local or Regional Ecosystem Health with Development: Amphibian Metapopulation and Residential Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Swallow,   Stephen K.; Paton,   Peter.
Establishing habitat corridors has been an important strategy in many conservation practices.  Nonetheless, the existing literature has ignored the role habitat corridors could play in reserve network design.  Based on modern ecological theory, the effectiveness of a reserve system largely depends on its connectivity, but it is less clear how recent spatial modeling of reserve network design improves the connectivity of the reserve system as required by population persistence in a highly fragmented, heterogeneous landscape.  This study explicitly incorporates the idea of habitat corridor into optimal reserve design, an approach which might significantly reduce the uncertainty brought by land use change or a source-sink habitat matrix.  More importantly, by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nature reserve; Ecosystem; Spatial configuration; Amphibian; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19440

FOREWORD: The Economics of Land Use Change: Advancing the Frontiers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Geoghegan,   Jacqueline.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120679

The Role of ASM in Meeting Outcome Targets: A Perspective from the Coal Face
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Ian.
The Environment Canterbury Act with the CWMS embed in ‘law’ a hierarchy of collaborative and more formal institutional arrangements in the form of regional and zone committees. Through these committees we increasingly see a fine tuning of the specificity of the targets around land use and water quality which lead to the maxim – ‘the devil is in the detail’. Under the zones sit an array of audited and non audited self management groups, containing a membership often worried about this ‘devil’, because it will cost. What does this mean for land managers working at the coal face and the agency personnel they then have to interact with?  The audited self management (ASM) concept provides significant opportunities for land managers and the management agencies,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115506

Optimizing Voluntary Deforestation Policy in the Face of Adverse Selection and Costly Transfers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Benthem,   Arthur A.; Kerr,   Suzi.
As part of international climate change policy, voluntary opt-in programs to reduce emissions in unregulated sectors or countries have spurred considerable discussion. Since any regulator will make errors in predicting baselines, adverse selection will reduce efficiency since participants will self-select into the program. In contrast, pure subsidies lead to full participation but require large financial transfers; this is a particular challenge across countries. A global social planner facing costless transfers would choose such a subsidy to maximize efficiency. However, any actual policy needs to be individually rational for both the buying (industrialized) and selling (developing) country. We present a simple model to analyze this trade-off between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Voluntary opt-in; Adverse selection; Deforestation; Offsets; Emissions trading; REDD; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96813

Landwirtschaft in der okologischen Marktwirtschaft: Sicherung der Welternahrung vs. Klimaschutz und Bioenergie
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald.
Ökologie und Klimaschutz sind in aller Munde. Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland und anderswo sind sich weitgehend einig. Die Marktwirtschaft soll "„ökologisch"“ sein. Für Ökonomen ist dies Problem zumindest theoretisch ziemlich trivial. Die Emission von Klimagasen ist eine negative Externalität und Klimaschutz ein öffentliches Gut. Beides sind Formen von sog. Marktversagen. Staatliche Aktivität hat  dann das Potential, das Marktergebnis aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht noch zu verbessern. In jeder Einführungsveranstaltung zu den Grundlagen der Wirtschaftswissenschaften werden den Studierenden die Charakteristika von Externalitäten und öffentlichen Gütern beigebracht und auch die gesamtwirtschaftlich effizienten staatlichen Aktionen bei Auftreten von...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10290

The Political economy of environmental policy with overlapping generations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Rezai,   Amon.
A two-sector OLG model illuminates previously unexamined intergenerational effects of a tax that protects an environmental stock. A traded asset capitalizes the economic returns to future tax-induced environmental improvements, benefiting the current asset owners, the old generation. Absent a transfer, the tax harms the young generation by decreasing their real wage. Future generations benefit from the tax-induced improvement in environmental stock. The principal  intergenerational conflict arising from public policy is between generations alive at the time society imposes the policy, not between generations alive at different times. A Pareto-improving policy can be implemented under various political economy settings.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Open-access resource; Two-sector overlapping generations; Resource tax; Generational conflict; Environmental policy; Dynamic bargaining; Markov perfection; Environmental Economics and Policy; E24; H23; Q20; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123718

Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2006 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiebe,   Keith D.; Gollehon,   Noel R.
This is a large file. We have had reports of problems opening the file in Mozilla Firefox. If you have problems, try using Windows Internet Explorer.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: ERS; AREI; Agricultural economics; Natural resources; Land; Land use; Land values; Land ownership; Water use; Irrigation; Water quality; Genetic resources; Biotechnology; Agricultural research; Agricultural productivity; Global resources; Soil conservation; Soil erosion; Pest management; Nutrient management; Animal agriculture; Organic agriculture; Conventional agriculture; Conservation policy; Land retirement; Working lands; Wetlands; Farmland protection; Environmental quality; Farm structure; Farm ownership; Farm management decisions; Farm business; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7207

A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaffe,   Adam B.; Newell,   Richard G.; Stavins,   Robert N.
Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Research and development; Environment; Externality; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q28; H23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10815

Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Module: Land Use in Rural New Zealand—Climate Version 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendy,   Joanna; Kerr,   Suzi.
Several different New Zealand economic models produce measures of rural economic activity that have greenhouse gas implications. For climate change analysis, models need to translate economic activity into greenhouse gas emissions. This document estimates functions and creates projections for land-use related greenhouse gas emissions per unit of economic activity that are simple; are based on readily available data and strong science; are consistent with the national inventory in 2002; evolve so that implied net emissions approximately match past inventory totals (1990–2002); and can be linked easily to a variety of models so they can be used in simulations. We estimate dynamic greenhouse gas emission functions for five land uses: dairy, sheep, beef,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Carbon dioxide; Scrub; Forest; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98501

Do Supervisors Affect the Valuation of Public Goods?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franceschi,   Dina; Vásquez,   William F.
Systematic supervision procedures have been proposed to improve contingent valuation surveying, particularly in developing countries. Surprisingly, the CV literature does not say much about the potential effects of supervision even though there is evidence of interviewer effects and social desirability issues that can bias results. This paper investigates the effects of interview supervision on the valuation of public services, using split-sample treatments to include a test of scope of a nested good and to assess the effect of interview supervision on reported WTP. Results suggest that supervisors can be used to improve quality with no effect on WTP estimates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Drinking water; Nicaragua; Social desirability; Supervision effects; Willingness to pay; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117771

How to Design a Border Adjustment for the European Union Emissions Trading System?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monjon,   Stephanie; Quirion,   Philippe.
Border adjustments are currently discussed to limit the possible adverse impact of climate policies on competitiveness and carbon leakage. We discuss the main choices that will have to be made if the European Union implements such a system alongside with the EU ETS. Although more analysis is required on some issues, on others some design options seem clearly preferable to others. First, the import adjustment should be a requirement to surrender allowances rather than a tax. Second, the general rule to determine the amount of allowances per ton imported should be the product-specific benchmarks that the European Commission is currently elaborating for a different purpose (i.e. to determine the amount of free allowances). Third, this obligation should apply...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Leakage; Border Adjustment; Border Tax Adjustment; EU ETS; Competitiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60684

Assessing the impact of U.S. ethanol market shocks on global crude oil and U.S. gasoline: A structural VAR approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McPhail,   Lihong Lu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Structural VAR; Ethanol; Crude oil; Gasoline; Shocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61136

Testing the Effect of Neighboring Open Space on Development Using Propensity Score Matching
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Towe,   Charles A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61512

An analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development with special emphasis on the issues of agriculture and rural development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gathy,   Andrea Bauer.
In this paper which is based on my dissertation I carried out a comprehensive analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development prepared by the EU and its member states. I paid special attention to agricultural and rural development issues discussed in the strategies. According to my hypothesis the sets of objectives defined in accordance with the principles of sustainable development provide a firm basis for the objectives of the ongoing reforms of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy. Due to the complexity of the topic I applied an interdisciplinary approach in my research.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; National strategy for sustainable development; Evaluation; Agricultural issues; Rural development possibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48337

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A VOLUNTARY GREEN PAYMENT PROGRAM UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Green payment programs, where the government pays farmers directly for environmental benefits, are an alternative to the current method of achieving environmental benefits which restricts farming practices in exchange for deficiency payments. This article presents a voluntary green payment program using the principles of mechanism design under asymmetric information. Information asymmetry arises because the government knows only the distribution of farmers’' production situations, rather than farm-specific information. The program is demonstrated with irrigated corn production in the Oklahoma high plains. A green payment program can reduce budget costs and pollution, while increasing the net social value of corn production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30774

Relative Importance of Environmental Attributes Using Logistic Regression
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carpio,   Carlos E.; Sydorovych,   Olha; Marra,   Michele C.
We investigate the problem of determining the relative importance of attributes in the discrete choice setting.  Four alternative methods of extracting the relative importance of attributes are considered.  The empirical application involves the development of a risk index system for individual herbicides combining the information on the herbicides' different human and environmental risks. The values of the pesticide risk indices are found to be consistent across the different methods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34846

The Brownfield Bargain: Negotiating Site Cleanup Policies in Wisconsin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hersh,   Robert; Wernstedt,   Kris.
In this paper, the first part of our three-part study on the development of brownfields policy in Wisconsin, we examine the regulatory history of the brownfields policy. We start with the 1978 Hazardous Substance Spill Law, the antecedent to the brownfields regulatory reform of the 1990s, and examine the interaction of policy entrepreneurs in both the public and the private sectors that has led to innovation. We follow this by exploring the response of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to reform efforts, looking at both how it anticipated and led some of the efforts and how it addressed demands placed on it by the state legislature and executive. We then discuss the central role that the state's Brownfields Study Group has played in moving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brownfields; Policy innovation; Regulatory history; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10727

Environmental Regulation and the Export Dynamics of Energy Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Crespi,   Francesco.
The pollution haven hypothesis affirms that an open market regime will encourage the flow of low technology polluting industries toward developing countries, due to potential comparative advantages related to low environmental standards. In contrast, the hypothesis suggested by Porter and van der Linde claims for a competitive dynamic behaviour by innovating firms, allowing a global diffusion of environmental-friendly technologies. Environmental regulation may represent a relevant mechanism through which technological change is induced. In this way countries subject to more stringent environmental regulations may become net exporters of environmental technologies. This paper provides new evidence on the evolution of export flows of environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Regulation; Trade and Environment; Energy Technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F21; Q43; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9550

The Optimal Climate Policy Portfolio when Knowledge Spills Across Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massetti,   Emanuele; Nicita,   Lea.
This paper studies the implications for climate policy of the interactions between environmental and knowledge externalities. Using a numerical analysis performed with the hybrid integrated assessment model WITCH, extended to include mutual spillovers between the energy and the non-energy sector, we show that the combination between environmental and knowledge externalities provides a strong rationale for implementing a portfolio of policies for both emissions reduction and the internalisation of knowledge externalities. Moreover, we show that implementing technology policy as a substitute for stabilisation policy is likely to increase global emissions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical Change; Climate Change; Development; Innovation; Spillovers; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28; O31; O41; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92912

The Paparazzi Take a Look at a Living Legend: The SO2 Cap-and-Trade Program for Power Plants in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.
For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) presents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. This paper provides an overview of the origins, design, and performance of the U.S. acid rain program, and an analysis of its specific features and its adaptability as a model for addressing other pollution problems, such as control of NOX or CO2 emissions. The program also has resulted in innovation through changes in organizational technology, in the organization of markets, and through experimentation at individual boilers, much of which arguably would...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10665

How cost-effective are direct payments to organic farms for achieving environmental policy targets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schader,   Christian; Lampkin,   Nicolas; Christie,   Mike; Stolze,   Matthias.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115991

Neoclassical consumer theory and genetically modified food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaye-Blake,   William.
Three axioms underpin consumer choice in neoclassical theory: weak order, independence, and continuity. Two of these axioms may not hold, however, for consumers’ choices regarding genetically modified (GM) food. Consumers may evaluate product attributes differently depending on whether the food is GM or not, violating attribute independence. Some consumers may not want GM food at all, violating continuity. The axioms were empirically investigated with a choice experiment survey. The paper discusses evidence of violations of both independence and continuity, as well as a non-neoclassical approach to modelling consumer choice.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; Neoclassical; Bounded rationality; Choice modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98511

Comparison at Dairy Farm Level of Different Policies to Decrease Nutrient Losses to Ground and Surface Waters in the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berentsen,   Paul B.M.
This paper describes and compares two governmental policies that aim to decrease nutrient losses from farming to ground and surface waters in the Netherlands. The mineral bookkeeping system (MINAS) is the first policy. It is applied in the Netherlands since 1998 and it is based on a farm gate balance approach. This national policy was definitely rejected on October 2, 2003 by the EU Court of Justice as it was considered not to comply fully with the EU Nitrate Directive. Consequently, the Netherlands developed the Application Standards Policy (ASP) based on a soil balance approach which will replace MINAS starting 2006. Especially for dairy farming, that combines plant and animal production, nutrient input and output at soil level are hard to determine as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy farming; Nutrient losses; Environmental policy; Nitrate directive; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24290

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: NATIONAL ORGANIC STANDARDS, LABELING AND SECOND-GENERATION OF GM PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Yiannaka,   Amalia.
This paper examines the effect of the introduction of labels for products of biotechnology on the markets for GM, conventional, and organic food products. In addition, the paper analyzes the market and welfare effects of the introduction of consumer-oriented, second-generation GM products. Analytical results show that while a no-labeling regime is generally beneficial for the organic sector, when segregation costs are sufficiently high the introduction of labels for GM products can enhance the consumption share and growth of the organic sector while driving the conventional products out of the market. The analysis also reveals that the introduction of the consumer-oriented GM products can change the nature of the relationship between GM and conventional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22063

Equal Emissions per Capita over Time - A Proposal to Combine Responsibility and Equity of Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven.
After Future climate policy regimes may be based on the Kyoto-Protocol or on other policy instruments such as carbon-taxes. Any effective regime based on the Protocol requires the determination of the concrete contributions by each Party. This involves namely the time of contribution and the quantification of the contribution itself. By now many proposals exist for the two issues, as for example thresholds like GDP per capita for the question of timing or emissions per capita for an allocation of emission rights. Based on the two justice principle responsibility and equity of rights that form the basis for the so-called Brazilian Proposal and Contraction &amp; Convergence respectively, a new approach is developed: Future emission rights are allocated on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Allocation of GHG emission entitlements; Brazilian Proposal; CDM; Contraction &amp; Convergence; Equity; Post 2012 climate regime; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26240

Size, Energy Use and Economies of Scale: Modeling of Policy Instruments to Address Small Farms’ Advantages if Energy Is Scarcer and Ecology Matters?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuppenau,   Ernst-August.
This paper contributes to the discussion on appropriate farm sizes as dependent on energy use and green house gas emission. Normally large farms use more energy than small farms and obtain higher labor productivity which is one of the reasons for their superiority. We presume energy includes a component of negative externality if fossil energy is used and carbon CO2 are counted. Moreover it can be intended to use farming for carbon sequestration. In the paper we will analyze, how a new pathway can be developed, that includes incentives (taxes and subsidies) to save energy and develop coexistence between large and small farms. In favoring small scale farming because of less emission, a contribution to global warming reduction is envisaged. The issue is how...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy use; Farm size and agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52805

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation through Energy Crops in the United States with Implications for Asian-Pacific Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Agriculture-based biofuels have the potential to replace fossil fuels, thereby offsetting greenhouse gas emissions. We estimate emission abatement supply curves from energy crops switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow under a wide range of sectorwide greenhouse gas emission reduction incentives in U.S. agriculture. The Agricultural Sector Model employed captures market interactions of biofuel production with traditional agricultural production and with alternative emission mitigation strategies. U.S. results suggest an increasing importance of biomass-based electricity for carbon mitigation incentives above an economic threshold of $50 per ton. At incentive levels of $170 per ton and higher, emission offsets from energy crops provide the highest net...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abatement supply curves; Agricultural Sector Model; Biofuel offsets; Energy crops; Greenhouse gas emission mitigation; Mathematical programming; Poplar; Sensitivity analysis; Switchgrass; Willow; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18573

A Review of Economic Appraisal of Environmental Goods and Services: With a Focus on Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hearne,   Robert R.
Environmental economics has an extensive literature on procedures for placing economic values on the environment. Most of these methodologies have been developed and refined in the context of developed countries, where high levels of disposable income allow for a high demand for environmental amenities and a willingness to pay for non-use values. This paper argues that the applicability of these methodologies may be limited in developing countries. A microeconomic model, designed to highlight the different roles of environmental goods and services in developed and developing counties, is presented. In developing countries the value of environmental amenities is relatively less important than the value of environmental resources in the production process....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24144

Using Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis to Improve Government Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farrow,   Scott; Toman,   Michael.
In this paper we first describe the legal and administrative basis of mandates that variously require and eschew economic measures for environmental management. We then summarize the steps involved in benefit-cost analysis and what can and cannot be accomplished with such information. Our basic conclusion is that while the approach is not perfect, benefit-cost analysis has a solid methodological footing and provides a valuable performance measure for an important governmental function, improving the well-being of society. However, benefit-cost analysis requires analytical judgements which, if done poorly, can obfuscate an issue or worse, provide a refuge for scoundrels in the policy debate. We conclude the article with specific suggestions for both the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Environmental regulation; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D61; H43.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10598

PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LESS-FAVORED AREAS &lt;Chinese version&gt;
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16034

The Lifecycle Carbon Footprint, Bioenergy and Leakage: Empirical Investigations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.
Agriculture may help mitigate climate change risks by reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (McCarl and Schneider, 2000). One way of doing this is that agriculture may provide substitute products that can replace fossil fuel intensive products or production processes. One such possibility involves providing feedstocks for conversion into consumable forms of energy, where the feedstocks are agriculturally produced products, crop residues, wastes, or processing byproducts. Such items may be used to generate bioenergy encompassing the possibilities where feedstocks are used: • to fuel electrical power plants; • as inputs into processes making liquid transportation fuels e.g., ethanol or biodiesel. Employing agriculturally produced products in such a way...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49100

Investments in Biodiversity Prospecting and Incentives for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Simpson,   R. David.
There is considerable interest in biodiversity prospecting (the search for valuable new products from natural sources) as a conservation strategy. In an earlier paper, we have argued that the value of the marginal species (and, by extension, the incentives for the conservation of the habitat on which it is found) is small. In this paper, we show that investments in biodiversity prospecting are unlikely to increase incentives for conservation by much. If the value of the marginal species were appreciable, researchers ought already to have made investments to exploit it. If it is not, it is doubtful that additional investments will generate any substantial increase. It is important to be clear about our findings: we are not saying that none of the myriad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biodiversity prospecting; Investment; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q29.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10821

WHEN THE !%$? HITS THE LAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT WHEN LAND APPLICATION OF MANURE IS CONSTRAINED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
Confined animal production in the U.S. and its associated discharge of manure nutrients into area waters is considered a leading contributor to current water quality impairments. A common option to mitigate these impairments is to limit land application of manure. This paper evaluates the implications of alternative land application constraints for U.S. agriculture and the environment at the regional and sector level.  The results suggest that when these constraints are particularly binding, due to minimal acceptance of manure as a substitute for commercial fertilizer, potentially large and unanticipated changes in returns to agricultural production and water quality may occur. Furthermore, we find that some of the cost of meeting the land application...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22002

Creation and Sharing of Credits through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The implementation of activities aimed to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions is more cost-efficient in developing countries than in most of the industrialized world. Thus it has been a major, but contentious topic in the climate negotiations to allow crediting of emissions reduction in developing countries towards domestic emission targets of industrial countries. The Kyoto Protocol instituted a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that is to assure that the interests of all parties from industrialized and developing countries are equally represented. Many issues concerning the structure of the CDM remain to be decided. Crediting critically depends on these decisions. Credits should accrue only after verification. A crucial issue that influences all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26146

Correct (and misleading) argument for using market-based pollution control policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
One argument in favor of market based pollution control policies is sometimes exaggerated, and a different argument is usually ignored. Regardless of whether investment is fixed or endogenous, market based policies might lead to a higher or lower equilibrium abatement compared to the level under command and control policies. Therefore, economists should be cautious about trying to convince anti-market environmentalists of the benefit of market based policies on the grounds that these promote environmental goals. However, market based policies reduce regulatory uncertainty. Under command and control emissions policies, there are multiple rational expectations competitive equilibria at the investment stage. From the standpoint of individual firms, this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Coordination games; Multiple equilibria; Global games; Regulatory uncertainty; Climate change policies; California AB32; Environmental Economics and Policy; C79; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6030

Water purchases to save the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittwer,   Glyn.
Murray-Darling Basin communities have suffered recurring and prolonged droughts over the past decade. Now that the rains have returned, these communities see the Sustainable Diversion Limits (SDLs) planned by the Commonwealth as a new threat. Modelling with TERM-H2O assumes that since the SDL process is voluntary, Commonwealth purchases will proceed slowly over the next 12 years. This gives farmers time to utilize water saving technologies as they emerge. This is in contrast to the relatively rapid purchase of 920 GL up until September 2010 that has already occurred. These relatively rapid sales reflect hardship associated with drought. If the Commonwealth is to reach the 3500 GL target, it may need to pay over $4 billion more to farmers for water (2010...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100733

The Impact of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Crop Agriculture: A Spatial- and Production-Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.; Fortin,   Corey.
With the Waxman-Markey Bill passing the House and the administration’s push to reduce carbon emissions, the likelihood of the implementation of some form of a carbon emissions policy is increasing. This study estimates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the six largest row crops produced in Arkansas using 57 different production practices predominantly used and documented by the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. From these GHG emission estimates, a baseline state “carbon footprint” was estimated and a hypothetical GHG emissions reduction of 5, 10, and 20 percent was levied on Arkansas agriculture using a cap-and-trade method. Using current production technology and traditional land use choices, results show that the trading of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Carbon equivalents; Sustainability; Cap and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107092

Emissions Pricing to Stabilize Global Climate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Paltsev,   Sergey; Reilly,   John M.; Carraro,   Carlo.
In the absence of significant greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, many analysts project that atmospheric concentrations of species identified for control in the Kyoto protocol could exceed 1000 ppm (carbon-dioxide-equivalent) by 2100 from the current levels of about 435 ppm. This could lead to global average temperature increases of between 2.5 and 6°C by the end of the century. There are risks of even greater warming given that underlying uncertainties in emissions projections and climate response are substantial. Stabilization of GHG concentrations that would have a reasonable chance of meeting temperature targets identified in international negotiations would require significant reductions in GHG emissions below “business-as-usual” levels, and indeed from...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Pricing; Climate Stabilization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119102

Schemes to Regulate Non-Point Water Pollution: Making Sense of Experimental Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pushkarskaya,   Helen N.
Three theoretical non-point water pollution (NPS) control schemes were tested repeatedly in experimental studies – tax-subsidy scheme (K. Segerson, 1988), collective fining (Xepapadeas, 1991) and random fining (Xepapadeas, 1991). Camacho and Requate (2004) summarized results reported by Spraggon (2002), Vossler et al (2002), Cochard et al (2002), and Alpizar et al (2004) and replicated their experiments. This paper discusses similarity and differences among all the reported results and in particular the following two. First, both collective fining and random fining induce abatement under the target, their performance deteriorates over time and is relatively consistent over the replications. Second, tax-subsidy scheme induced abatement over the target, its...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21111

Emission Taxes and Tradable Permits: A Comparison of Views on Long Run Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.
We compare three different views on the long run efficiencies of emission taxes which include thresholds, and of tradable emission permits where some permits are initially free. The differences are caused by different assumptions about whether thresholds and free permits should be subsidies given only to firms that produce, or full property rights. Treating tax thresholds, as well as free permits, as property rights would depart from the conventional view, but would allow greater flexibility in making economic instruments both efficient and acceptable. Such flexibility could be very important in achieving efficent control of greenhouse gas emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58198

The Impact of Precision Agriculture Techniques on Kentucky Grain Farmers' Carbon Footprint
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Rachael M.; Dillon,   Carl R.; Schieffer,   Jack; Shockley,   Jordan M.
This study estimates the carbon footprint of a Henderson County, Kentucky grain farmer under different production strategies; traditional farming and precision agriculture technologies. Four constrained optimization, whole farm analysis models were formulated under no-till conditions. One of the models was optimized without utilizing any precision agriculture techniques and was used as a base model to compare the other three models which incorporated precision agriculture technologies (PAT). The three technologies investigated include sub-meter auto-steer, RTK auto-steer and automatic section control (ASC). These models are used to analyze the different production systems to determine if said technologies increase expected net returns and enhance the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource and Environmental Economics; Production Economics; Precision Agriculture; Farm Management; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119802

SOME IMPACTS OF ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (ADEQ) ENFORCEMENT IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN MARICOPA COUNTY, ARIZONA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hemmer,   Ronald.
Although water quality is a valid purpose for watershed projects under the PL83-566 Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, historically very few water quality projects have ever been implemented in Arizona.  This is largely due to the difficulty in measuring "non-controversial" monetary benefits associated with positive water quality impacts and to policy biased in favor of those projects with a higher monetary benefit-cost ratio.  These reasons, among others, has prompted NRCS field economists to seek alternate methods to measure project benefits and costs. While the direct measurement of water quality benefits would be the preferable method to use, IMPLAN, through regional economic impact analysis, provides a way of measuring another category of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: IMPLAN; Input-Output; Watershed analysis; Water quality; NRCS; Conservation; Regional analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20871

CONSISTENCY AND OPTIMALITY IN A DYNAMIC GAME OF POLLUTION CONTROL I: COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
I model the interaction between a regulator and polluting firms as a Stackelberg differential game in which the regulator leads. The firms create pollution, which results in a stock externality. I analyze the intertemporal effects of alternate pollution control measures in a competitive industry. The principal issue here concerns the dynamic inconsistency of the optimal solution. Inter alia, I compare the steady state levels of pollution under optimal and under time consistent policies.   Forthcoming in Environmental and Resource Economics
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Tax; Dynamic; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; H32; D62.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28351

A Profile of Public Officials, Government Structure, and Environmental Issues in the Lower Sheyenne River Basin, North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Nelson,   William C.; Saxowsky,   David M.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120940

Integrated watershed economic model for non-point source pollution management in the Upper Big Walnut Creek watershed, OH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Surendran Nair,   Sujithkumar; Sohngen,   Brent; King,   Kevin W.; Fausey,   Norman R.; Witter,   Jonathan D.; Southgate,   Douglas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61906

Economic Impacts of Reduced Delta Exports Resulting from the Wanger Interim Order for Delta Smelt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sunding,   David L.; Ajami,   Newsha K.; Hatchett,   Steven; Mitchell,   David; Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water transfers; Water supply; Water demand; Water conservation; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51558

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY: THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN HUNGARIAN HOME GARDENS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Smale,   Melinda; Gyovai,   Agnes.
Agricultural biodiversity is an environmental resource. Much of the agricultural biodiversity remaining in situ today is found on the semi-subsistence farms of poorer countries and the small-scale farms or home gardens of more industrialized nations. The traditional small farms of Hungary are labelled "home gardens" as a reflection of their institutional identity during the collectivisation period. Homesteads managed with family labor, they continue to serve essential food security and diet quality functions during economic transition. Home gardens contribute to the preservation of rural settlements and cultural heritage, and they contain relatively high levels of several components of agricultural biodiversity. The role of home gardens in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; In situ conservation; Choice experiment method; Hungary; Home garden; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60331

Economic and Marketing Efficiency Among Corn Ethanol Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sesmero,   Juan P.; Perrik,   Richard K.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
In the corn ethanol industry, the ability of plants to obtain favorable prices through marketing decisions is considered important for their overall economic performance. Based on a panel of surveyed of ethanol plants we extend data envelopment analysis (DEA) to decompose the economic efficiency of plants into conventional sources (technical and allocative efficiency) and a new component we call marketing efficiency. The latter measure allows us to evaluate plants’ ability to contract favorable prices of corn and ethanol relative to spot market prices and its implications for their overall economic performance. Results show that plants are very efficient from a technical point of view. Dispersion in overall economic performance observed across units is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn ethanol; Data envelopment analysis; Economic efficiency decomposition; Marketing efficiency; Mergers; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101001

A Theory of Dynamic Biofuel Tax Credit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ye,   Fanglin; Lu,   Liang; Du,   Xiaoxue.
In this paper, we set up a social cost minimization problem for a government. Using dynamic optimization tools, we analytically shows how exogenous parameters could affect the optimal social cost and the optimal tax credit policy path.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Biofuel; Tax Credit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123750

Awareness to Environmental Pollution in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cankurt,   Murat; Miran,   Bulent; Gunden,   Cihat; Sahin,   Ahmet.
The main purposes of the study were to clarify the conceptual reference of environmental awareness and to investigate the relationship between some individual, socio-economic factors and awareness to environmental issues. In addition, the factors that affect the environmental awareness were also determined. Face to face interviews were done with 975 individuals 25 cities were chosen throughout Turkey, which means at least 2 cities from each region. The models were estimated by the ordered logistic regression. Environmental awareness were evaluated from the standpoints of water, air and soil. Among the pollution categories, people were mostly aware of the pollution in air. In policies related to converting sensitivity to environment to action the Turkish...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6807

The Role of Bounties and Human Behavior on Louisiana Nutria Harvests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dedah,   Cheikhna O.; Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.; Keithly,   Walter R., Jr.
In response to nutria-linked degradation of much of its coastal wetlands, Louisiana established the Coastwide Nutria Control Program (CNCP) in January 2002. CNCP instituted, among other things, an ‘‘economic incentive payment’’ of $4.00 per delivered nutria tail from registered participants in the program. To examine whether this bounty has had an impact on nutria harvest and whether alternative bounty levels can, in general, generate additional harvesting activities, we developed a bioeconomic supply model that relates Louisiana’s annual nutria harvests to a suite of economic and environmental factors. Results suggested that the annual nutria harvest is responsive to both the price received per animal and costs. Results also suggested that the nutria...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bounties; Long-run supply; Nutria; Open access; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; Q210.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57158

World Heritage Listing of Australian Natural Sites: Effects on Tourism, Economic Value and Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article is primarily concerned with the economic consequences of World Heritage listing for the valuation of natural properties and the economic impacts of this listing. Australian data is used to throw light on this subject. Conceptual problems that arise in valuation are explored and several neglected limitations of the travel cost method for estimating the demand for visits to natural sites are mentioned. The importance of economic impact analysis in this context (especially its political ramifications) is given attention. The use of World Heritage listing for political purposes is discussed. It is argued that World Heritage listing favours the long-term conservation of natural properties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation of natural areas; Economic impact analysis; Economic valuation; Tourism; Travel cost method; World Heritage listing.; Environmental Economics and Policy; L83; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94306

CROP INSURANCE, GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AND SOIL EROSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deal,   John.
This paper investigates the relationship between government agricultural programs and soil erosion. Using county-level data from the years 1992 and 1997, we estimate a model of water-induced (i.e., sheet and rill) soil erosion and crop insurance participation for counties where corn, soybean, and winter wheat account for at least 90% of total planted acreage. This includes most of the areas that have exhibited the highest historical levels of sheet and rill erosion. We find that crop insurance participation and conservation payments are significantly associated with county average soil erosion levels. In particular, corn insurance participation exhibits a positive impact on soil erosion, while wheat insurance participation exhibits a negative impact. After...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20159

Economic Aspects of Wind Power Generation in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wong,   Linda.
Power interruptions are a typical characteristic of national grids in developing countries. Manufacturing, processing, refrigeration and other facilities that require a dependable supply of power, and might be considered a small grid within the larger national grid, employ diesel generators for backup. In this study, we develop a stochastic simulation model of a very small grid connected to an unreliable national grid to show that the introduction of wind generated power can, despite its intermittency, reduce costs significantly. For a small grid with a peak load of 2.85 MW and diesel generating capacity of 3.75 MW provided by two diesel generators, the savings from using wind energy (based on wind data for Mekelle, Ethiopia) can amount to over a million...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind energy and development; Stochastic simulation of electricity grids; Economic savings from wind power; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54706

Waste Management Behaviour of Households: A Case Study of a Strike in Saskatchewan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salkie,   Fiona J.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Luckert,   Martin K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24121

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND AGRICULTURE VULNERABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Mahesh Kumar; Dobo,   Erika.
This review describes that due to rapid globalization, vulnerability in different areas affects human life. With rapid population growth, securing the inherent vulnerability of this relationship, whether social, economic, or environmental, has to be central to efforts to achieving sustainable development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems varies with geographic location, time, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental resources. The capacity to mitigate and to adapt to climate-change impacts is strongly related to the future development paths. The socioeconomic and, even more so, the technological characteristics of different futures strongly affect emissions, hence the extent and pace of the impacts of climate change, as well as the capability...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Vulnerability; Adaptivity; Food security; Stress; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58907

Migration, Household Composition, and Child Welfare in Rural Northeast Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cameron,   Michael P.; Lim,   Steven.
In many developing countries the composition of rural households is influenced by the migration of adult household members to urban locations in search of employment. Children may be left in the care of their mother alone, or in the care of grandparents when both parents have migrated. Using representative data from a household survey conducted in rural Northeast Thailand in 2003, this paper investigates whether household composition has any effect on the welfare of children, as measured by anthropometric measurements including height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height. Our findings suggest that household types other than nuclear families result in some significantly worse child nutritional outcomes. The implication is that governments should...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Household composition; Children; Thailand; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; I31; O15; O18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98508

Land Use Change, Benefit Transfer and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model.  The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47110

Allocating Pollution Load Reductions between States Fairly, Efficiently and Successfully
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kwasnica,   Anthony M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Politics; Chesapeake Bay; Transboundary Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117407

Ein Vergleich Von Zentralen Und Dezentralenn Losungen Zur Abwasserentsorgung Im Landlichen Raum
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Geyler,   Stefan; Hollander,   Robert.
Today, decentralised sewage disposal plants are increasingly accepted as permanent solution in rural areas. However, it is still debated in which cases they are more appropriate than central systems. The following paper deals with technological and institutional aspects of this problem. It poses the questions, which problems will arise if decentralised systems gain ground, which solutions may be necessary and how do these solutions affect the costs of decentralised systems? Although decentralised systems can keep up with central systems regarding costs for investment and operation as well as treatment efficiency, they still fail to meet quality standards in everyday life. To achieve a better compliance, technological as well as institutional approaches...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18838

Australia Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
Australia is a significant player in world trade for several commodities and agriculture is a vital part of the Australian economy.  Around 60% of Australia is devoted to agriculture, with three broad zones in which agricultural activity occurs. These are referred to as the pastoral, wheat–sheep, and high rainfall zones. Australia had only about 130,000 commercial farms in 2005, so average farm size is high.  Australia's agriculture is market driven and export-oriented. For some products, aggregations for values of production and for export values are not directly comparable because export values reflect the value of more highly processed products such as sugar and wine. Overall, about 65% of agricultural production is exported, representing about 25% of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Australia; Agricultural policy; Adjustment; Business risk management; Productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46669

Consumer Interest in Environmentally Beneficial Chicken Feeds:  Comparing High Available Phosphorus Corn and Other Varieties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pesek,   John D., Jr.; Bernard,   John C.; Gupta,   Meeta.
One source of phosphorous pollution in areas of high chicken production is runoff from fields using fertilizer from these operations. A potential solution is to feed chicken high available phosphorus (HAP) corn, reducing phosphorus in manure. This study examined consumer purchase likelihood of chickens fed HAP, created traditionally or through genetic modification, and other genetically modified (GM) corn including Bt and Roundup-ready. Survey results from the Delmarva Peninsula found considerable interest in non-GM HAP corn, although GM HAP corn was not typically viewed as more acceptable than other GM varieties. Overall, the marketplace appears open to products geared toward environmental benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chicken; Conjoint analysis; Corn; Genetically modified; Heteroscedastic; Phosphorus pollution; Tobit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q13; D12; C24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117945

AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN ECUADOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Southgate,   Douglas; Frederick,   Kenneth D.; Strasma,   John; White,   Allen; Lach,   Lori; Kellenberg,   John; Kelly,   Patricia.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11915

Benefit Transfer as Preference Calibration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; van Houtven,   George; Pattanayak,   Subhrendu K.
This paper proposes and illustrates the use of a new approach to benefit transfer for the non-market valuation of environmental resources. It treats transfer as an identification problem that requires assessing whether available benefit estimates permit the parameters of a preference function to be identified. The transfer method proposed uses these identifying restrictions to calibrate preference parameters and bases the benefit estimates on that preference function. The approach is illustrated using travel cost, hedonic and contingent valuation estimates, as well as combinations of estimates. It has three potential advantages over conventional practice: (1) it allows multiple, potentially overlapping estimates of the benefits of an improvement in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit transfer; Calibration; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; Q20; H40.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10607

Environmentalism in tourism: the connection of lifestyle, tourism and sustainable development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Lorant; Szucs,   Csaba.
In Adler’s theory the “style of life” refers to how we live, sort out difficulties, and manage our own personal relationships. He strongly believed that each one of us is a distinctive, unique individual with our own characteristic way of life. Since the term was coined in the early 20th century it is no wonder that the meaning of “lifestyle” has gone through enormous changes. These days it is more often used to express “a way of life or style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group”. Since globalisation is increasingly turning the world into a “global village” no wonder that lifestyle is changing faster than ever before. As a result “for tourism, this influences the tourist’s perception of his/her personal needs and behaviour...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmentalism; Tourism; Lifestyle; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48092

Regulating Industrial Water Pollution in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston.
The performance of the industrial point-source water pollution abatement program in the U.S. Clean Water Act is examined. I begin with a brief description of the statute and then turn to a description of the process used to develop the rules that govern effluent discharges. This is followed by a discussion of the outcomes resulting from efforts to apply these rules to industrial pollutant sources. Two types of outcomes are considered: administrative outcomes and outcomes in the water. Last, the issue of implementation is discussed: how the Clean Water Act may have affected the incentives governing the behavior of industrial dischargers, municipal waste treatment plant operators, and regulators. Surprisingly, there is some evidence that the Clean Water Act,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Effluent guidelines; Indirect dischargers; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10608

Valuing the Risk of Death and Injury from Landmines in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barns,   Sandra A.; Cameron,   Michael P.; Gibson,   John; Lim,   Steven; Marsh,   Dan; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.; Tressler,   John.
This paper presents estimates of the benefits of clearing landmines in rural Thailand using the contingent-valuation (CV) method. The data came from a survey where we asked 341 respondents referendum-type questions that elicit their willingness to pay for landmine clearance. Our estimates imply a value of a statistical life of between US$0.2-0.3 million. The survey also provides estimates of the injury risk-death risk tradeoff and the implicit value of statistical injury. These estimates suggest that the value of lives and injuries saved from mine clearing is likely to be at least an order of magnitude greater than those used in existing studies of mine clearing. Linking a household expenditure survey involving the same sample enables the relationship...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Contingent valuation; Landmines; Value of statistical life; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; J17; J28; 022; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97797

Environmental Priorities for the District of Columbia: A Report to the Summit Fund
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davies,   Terry; Darnall,   Nicole.
This paper examines and ranks the District of Columbia's environmental problems. Four criteria are used to determine each problem's severity: public opinion of the problem, health effects, the number of people affected, and ecological and welfare effects. Public opinion is measured via 345 city resident and 23 stakeholder interviews. Stakeholders included environmental experts familiar with issues in the District. Health and ecological effects are captured by analyzing both the EPA's and District of Columbia's environmental data. The results show that the top four problems facing the city, in order of importance, are: drinking water, air pollution, the Anacostia River, and lead poisoning. Several recommendations for resolving the District's problems are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10891

CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION, PROTECTED GEOGRAPHIC AREAS AND EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN SERBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stojanovic,   Zaklina; Manic,   Emilija.
The concept of Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development (SARD) is based on resources effective usage that brings strengthen social cohesion of rural regions. Sustainable agro systems take care of natural resources conservation, as well as of economic and social aspects of rural economy. In order to advance complementary activities, agricultural sector has been often seen as the base for local economical diversification of capacities. The connections between agriculture, nature and tourism are especially important. The EU countries insist on this kind of connections which is the integral part of financial support of common funds, while the candidate countries are using the IPA assistance for rural development programs. Program of cross - border...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional; Extensive agriculture; SARD; Cross-border cooperation; Rural tourism; Ecotourism; Serbia; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57485

Factor Input Demand Subject to Economic and Environmental Risk: The Case of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriker,   Gordon L.
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer demand in relation to economic and environmental risks associated with N-fertilizer management are examined. Both nominal and environmental damage-adjusted net returns distributions are evaluated using stochastic dominance analysis. Results suggest that, in the absence of environmental risk, N demand becomes more elastic as farmers become more risk averse. When environmental risk is introduced to the decision-making process, N demand becomes even more elastic.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental damage; Factor input demand; Nitrogen fertilizer management; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118154

Environmental Perceptions and Behavioral Change of Hillside Farmers: The Case of Haiti
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayard,   Budry; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Land degradation is one of the most serious problems facing resource-poor tropical hillside farmers. Studies examining determinants of farmers’ decisions to invest in land improvement technologies have focused on economic and financial factors, neglecting individuals’ perceptions and awareness of the problems and how they affect land use and behavioral change that enhance environmental sustainability. This study examines Haitian peasants’ environmental behavior structure using a structural equation modeling approach. Specifically, the study examines the effects of perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers to change on attitude, and the causal effect of attitude on behavior. The influence of the level of resources extracted from the land...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farmers; Environment; Perception; Behaviour and degradation; Agricultural productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36804

Municipal Waste Production, Economic Drivers, and ‘New’ Waste Policies: EKC Evidence from Italian Regional and Provincial Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper provides empirical evidence on delinking and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for municipal waste production in Italy. First, methodological issues and literature on delinking and EKC for waste are critically re-examined. Secondly, we analyse two very disaggregated panel datasets on Italian Regions and Provinces (1996-2004 data for the 20 regions, 2000-2004 data for the 103 provinces) to estimate the extent to which delinking between waste production and economic drivers is taking place. The empirical analysis of different specifications shows mixed evidence in favour of an EKC relationship. Evidence supporting an EKC hypothesis significantly arises at a provincial level, which presents a very high data heterogeneity. Nevertheless, the turning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12053

Sustainable Agriculture for Midsized Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamilton,   Hal.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93718

The Economy-wide Greenhouse Gas Impacts of the Biofuels Boom (or Bust)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birur,   Dileep K.; Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.
Several studies in the recent past have offered a contrasting and wide range of perspectives on economic and environmental implications of biofuels.  In this study we develop a comprehensive and consistent framework for analyzing the global economic interactions and the direct and indirect impacts of biofuels production on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We utilize a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which consists of interaction of energy commodities with explicit biofuels and their by-product sectors, land endowment classified by agro-ecological zones, and emission of four major GHGs - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases from agricultural and economic activities, including emissions associated with biofuel feedstock,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Renewable Energy; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Agro Ecological Zones (AEZs); Land use change; Greenhouse Gas Emission.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; Q18; Q42; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49473

Sustainable diversion limits and climate change: results from an integrated economic – hydrology model of the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirby,   Mac; Mainuddin,   Mohammed; Gao,   Lei; Ahmad,   Mobin-ud-Din.
Climate change and the proposed Murray-Darling Basin Plan both result in less water for irrigation. Climate change is projected to take water from all uses including the environment, whereas the likely sustainable diversion limit in the Plan aims (amongst other things) to return water to the environment. We examine the impact on flows and the returns to irrigation of potential reductions in irrigation allocations, and the interaction with projected climate change impacts. Our analysis is based on an integrated hydrology – economics model of the Murray- Darling Basin, described in Kirby et al. (2012a). The model can quickly and easily run new climate or other scenarios, accounting for flows at key environmental assets. It uses a statistically calibrated...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124309

SUSTAINING ANIMAL AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE SOUTH: WHAT HAPPENED AND WHY? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Paul B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15538

Adoption of Phytase by Livestock Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stahlman,   Michael; McCann,   Laura M.J.; Gedikoglu,   Haluk.
Phytase represents a potential win/win management practice for non-ruminant producers since it can reduce the need for phosphorous supplementation and also result in lower phosphorous runoff.  Cost of phytase has decreased and cost of phosphorous has increased.  The reported adoption rate for phytase for non-ruminants was 17.2 percent, however it is currently added to virtually all swine and poultry premixes by feed manufacturers due to the cost savings.  People were more likely to say they use phytase if they think it is profitable, not time intensive, and improves water quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure; Phytase; Phosphorous; Adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43235

CLIMATE CHANGE AND PRODUCTION RISK IN CHINESE AQUACULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holst,   Rainer; Yu,   Xiaohua.
Drawing on the method developed by Just and Pope (1978, 1979), this paper separately analyzes the marginal contributions of both regular input factors and climate factors to mean output and to production risk in Chinese inland aquaculture. Furthermore, the net change in output following a 1°C increase in annual average temperature will be determined. According to the results obtained, the impending changes in global climate will have both positive and negative impacts. While an increment in annual average temperatures will increase mean output and decrease production risk, an increase in temperature variability will reduce mean output and cause a higher level of production risk. The corresponding measures of precipitation however have no significant impact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Climate change; Production risk; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91275

PRECISION FARMING AS A TOOL IN REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN BENIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gandonou,   Jean-Marc; Dillon,   Carl R.; Harman,   Wyatte L.; Williams,   Jimmy R.
Government subsidies designed to encourage cotton production in Benin have resulted in unsustainable agricultural production practices. Properly introduced, precision farming technology can help farmers improve their management practices and stop the damages being done to the environment. An economic analysis of the impacts of subvention policies is performed. Results show that an increase in input cost has a marginal impact on farmers' production strategy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20086

ANÁLISE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos Junior,   Silvio; Dias,   Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco; Mendonca,   Erica Silva; Rosa,   Nadir Paula Da; Silva,   Tania Nunes da.
Muitos compostos químicos são encontrados na atmosfera terrestre atuando como “gases de efeito estufa”. Eles são importantes uma vez que impedem a reflexão total dos raios solares, Entretanto, os níveis de alguns desses gases, principalmente o gás carbônico (CO2), vem aumentando a uma taxa de 25% desde o processo de industrialização em larga escala, iniciado a 150 anos atrás. Nos últimos 20 anos o CO2 vem correspondendo a 84% dos gases provenientes das atividades humanas, e, 82% dele é resultante da queima de combustíveis fósseis. Considerando que o aumento da população e o surgimento de novas tecnologias continuam demandando energia de forma incremental, é imperativo a busca de soluções energéticas alternativas, mais sustentáveis. Neste contexto, a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biocombustível; Sustentabilidade; Recursos naturais; Soja; Biofuel; Sustainability; Natural Resources; Soybeans; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109812

Understanding the Design and Performance of Emissions Trading Systems for Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Proceedings of an Experts' Workshop to Identify Research Needs and Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10729

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 1: Primary Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
This report is the first chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector.  The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian primary agricultural sector in relation to the financial position of farms and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Primary agriculture; Structural change; Performance of farms; Farm family income; Aggregate cash income; Net farm income; Profitability; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52707

COSTS OF COASTAL HAZARDS: EVIDENCE FROM THE PROPERTY MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kriesel,   Warren; Landry,   Craig E.; Keeler,   Andrew G.
A hedonic price model suggests that flooding and erosion hazards, and the actions taken against them, are major determinants of property values in American coastal areas. A zoning ordnance against new construction within the 60-year erosion hazard area would increase property values and perhaps conserve the coastal ecosystem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21745

The Importance Of Indigenous Biodiversity On Waikato Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trinh,   Phuong Khanh; Kaval,   Pamela.
In this paper, we studied the importance of indigenous biodiversity (native bush) on farm properties in the Waikato Region. To do this, we surveyed both real estate agents and farmers. We discovered that opinions of native bush between the two groups were very different. A small percentage of real estate agents believed that indigenous biodiversity on farms mattered; type of farm sold and age of respondent influenced this belief. While approximately half of Waikato farmers believed that native bush was important; this was influenced by age, income, education level, number of farm owners and sex. Farmers suggested that rates rebates, as well as subsidized planting and subsidized fencing would motivate them to plant more native bush on their lands.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Waikato; Indigenous biodiversity; Farms; Surveys; Logistic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98505

THE CRP BALANCING ACT: TRADING OFF COSTS AND MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea; Bucholtz,   Shawn; Dewbre,   Joe; Nickerson,   Cynthia J.
The Environmental Benefits Index (EBI) ranks Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) offers by weighing program costs for enrolling land in CRP against six environmental objectives. This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the sensitivity of CRP enrollment outcome to the specification of the EBI. Results indicate that:(a)there is no major shift in average benefits throughout the U.S. when marginal changes in the weights occur, and (b) priority area weights, whether National or State, play a role in shifting CRP away from its traditional focus on highly erodible land, and (c) there is complementarity between the enduring benefits and the wildlife objectives and substitutability between the enduring benefits and the erosion reduction objectives;
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19810

Pollution Control in the Informal Sector: The Ciudad Juarez Brickmakers' Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Bannister,   Geoffrey J.
Low-technology unlicensed micro-enterprises known as "informal" firms are a significant source of pollution in developing countries that are virtually impossible to regulate in the conventional manner. This paper describes an example of an innovative and promising approach to the problem: the Ciudad Juarez Brickmakers' Project, a private-sector-led initiative aimed at abating highly polluting emissions from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico's approximately 300 informal brick kilns. We draw four lessons from the Project's history. First, private-sector-led initiatives can work -- indeed they may be more effective than public-sector-initiatives -- but they require strong public sector support. Second, necessary conditions for effective environmental management in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Air pollution; Mexico; Brickmaking; Community pressure; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O22; O33; O54; Q25; L61.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10478

Modeling the Effects of Cap and Trade and a Carbon Offset Policy on Crop Allocations and Farm Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.
A static, producer profit maximization framework is used to capture county level land use choice on the basis of profitability, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the farm gate as well as soil carbon sequestration as affected by tillage and soil type.  Policy scenarios of a 5% GHG cap on agricultural emissions in conjunction with a carbon offset payment system, designed to provide producer payments for net carbon footprint (GHG emissions – soil carbon sequestration) reductions compared to a baseline are evaluated to determine potential changes to land use and or producer income as a result of different policy scenarios.  Results suggest that a policy solely targeted at emissions can be counterproductive in the sense that acreage reductions of more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap and Trade; Carbon Sequestration; GHG Emissions; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q58; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60931

Benefit Estimation of Water Quality Improvements in Bagmati River Using Choice Modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katuwal,   Hari; Bohara,   Alok K.; Thacher,   Jennifer A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61775

A Nonlinear Offset Program to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions Induced by Excessive Nitrogen Application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosas,   Francisco; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
On average, U.S. farmers choose to apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate that exceeds the ex post agronomically optimal rate. The technology underlying the yield response to nitrogen rewards producers who over apply in years when rainfall is excessive. The overapplication of nutrients has negative environmental consequences because the nitrogen that is not taken up by the plant will typically volatilize causing N2O emissions, or leach causing water pollution. We present a nonlinear offset program that induces farmers to reduce their nitrogen applications to the level that will be consumed by the plant in a typical year and, as a result, reduce N2O emissions from agriculture. The offset program is nonlinear because of the nonlinear relationship between N2O...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offsets; Nitrogen fertilizer; Nitrous oxide; Pollution; Uncertainty; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103914

Integrated development and management of water resources for productive and equitable use in the Indrawati River Basin, Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Pant,   Dhruba; Mishra,   V.S.; Devkota,   Hari; Pun,   Shuku; Kayastha,   R.N.; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Water transfer; Water rights; Water supply; Water demand; Water balance; Environmental effects; Social aspects; Development projects; Non-governmental organizations; Villages; Water users associations; Conflict; Farmers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92699

Determining Project-Based Emissions Baselines with Incomplete Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary. Evaluating reductions requires assigning a baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns. Parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for baseline determination may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baseline emissions; Asymmetric information; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10520

Payments for environmental services : incentives through carbon sequestration compensation for cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seeberg-Elverfeldt,   Christina; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Carbon sequestration; Agroforestry systems; Cocoa; Linear programming; Economic incentives; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92827

USING ECOLABELING TO ENCOURAGE ADOPTION OF INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.; Blend,   Jeffrey R.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11657

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ISSUES:  CHAOS AND CONFUSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noh,   Laird.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17478

Conflicts over natural resources and the environment: Economics and Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
None
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural Resource conflict; Economic security; Shared resources; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/145100

For a Sustainable Agriculture, We Need More Adam Smith, Not Less
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.
There are two competing approaches sustainability in agriculture. One stresses a strict economic approach in which market forces should be allowed to guide the activities of agricultural producers. The other advocates the need to balance economic with environmental and social objectives, even to the point of reducing profitability. This paper shows how the writings of the 18th century moral philosopher Adam Smith could bridge the debate. First, he is recognized by those advocating the economic approach as an architect of modern economics. Second, his writings are consistent with many aspects of sustainable agriculture. Smith argues that people ought to exercise restraint in their pursuit of self-interest. He also recognizes the need to balance economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26047

DENSIDADE ANIMAL E BALANÇO DE NUTRIENTES COMO INDICADORES PARA O PLANEJAMENTO AGROPECUÁRIO E AGROINDUSTRIAL NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pellini,   Tiago; Caviglione,   Joao Henrique; Doretto,   Moacyr.
A partir dos dados do Censo Agropecuário, acopladas a uma base cartográfica do recurso solo do Paraná, foram construídos e interpretados uma série de indicadores focados no objetivo de subsidiar o planejamento e gestão das atividades de criação intensiva de animais numa base municipal, regional ou territorial. O estudo divide-se em duas fases, sendo a primeira a de determinação de indicadores capazes de expressar a condição dos municípios do estado quanto à concentração relativa de rebanhos animais, produção de estercos, área utilizada para agricultura (culturas e pastagens), enquanto a segunda estima, com base nas entradas de insumos – fertilizantes orgânicos e industrializados, concentrados e rações, e na saída de produtos - venda de produtos animais e...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Balanço de nutrientes; Densidade animal; Planejamento municipal e regional; Prevenção e controle de poluição; Pecuária intensiva; Nutrient balance; Animal density; Local and regional planning; Pollution prevention and control; Intensive livestock; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109667

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC REFORM IN RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolstad,   Charles D.; Golub,   Alexander.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11905

Environmentally sustainable tourism: International and Hungarian relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Lorant; Baros,   Zoltan.
Compliance with the principles of sustainability is now a general requirement with respect to any tourism strategy, tourism policy or management. Much has been written about the issue of sustainability and its relationship to tourism management and development. Still, their actual relationship is not always clear, and whilst a number of methodologies profess to be sustainable, there is no clear statement as to how that can be achieved. It is generally accepted, irrespective of the sustainability model used, that there are three key components or strands to sustainability: economic, social and environmental. It is in working towards a balance between the competing demands of all three components that progress towards sustainability can be achieved. One...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Sustainable development; Environment; Turizmus; Fenntartható fejlődés; Környezet; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92542

The Impact of Management Changes Designed to Reduce Discharges to Water on Farm Profitability and Environmental Outcomes (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ford,   Stuart.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97613

THE WELFARE SENSITIVITY OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Claassen,   Roger; Howe,   Lance.
Most economic studies of pollution control analyze policies that are optimal for a given set of underlying parameters.  Less understood is how such policies perform when the underlying parameters change and policies are not adjusted in response, or what the benefits of adjustment are.  We construct several measures of welfare sensitivity and use them to analyze the welfare impacts arising in a simulation of second-best, agri-environmental policies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31041

Water Pollution Taxes: A Good Idea Doomed to Failure?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Water pollution taxes, or effluent fees, have long been advocated by environmental economists as a regulatory approach to cost effectively achieve water quality improvements. The article reviews the arguments in favor of taxes and traces the history of the idea in U.S. policy debates. Particular attention is given to the institutional challenges presented by a tax system and its application in watershed contexts where transport phenomena are important. The article also addresses the question of why effluent taxes are so rarely seen in practice.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Effluent fees; Market-based incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10611

Environmental Risk Factors, Health and the Labor Market Response of Married Men and Women in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veronesi,   Marcella.
Cost-benefit analyses of health and safety regulations require estimates of the benefits of reducing pollution, and hence the risks of pollution-caused illnesses. Lost work income constitutes an important component of monetized benefits. This paper examines the impact of married men and women’s health conditions potentially caused or exacerbated by environmental exposures on their labor force participation, hours of work, and weekly earnings. I focus on cancer, stroke, ischemic heart disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The analysis is based on data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for U.S. households from 1996 to 2002.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98552

What's Powering Wind? Measuring the Environmental Benefits of Wind Generated Electricity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cullen,   Joseph.
Production subsidies for renewable energy have experienced intermittent support from the federal government. One reason for less than united support arises from uncertainty over the environmental impact of projects implemented because of such subsidies. Wind energy in particular has taken advantage of federal subsidies, but what has been the environmental impact? Taking investment in wind capacity as given, I am able to identify the short run substitution patterns between wind power and conventional power for one geographic area of the US electric grid. I exploit the exogenous nature of wind to identify generator level substitution of wind generated electricity for conventionally generated electricity. I then quantify the avoided emissions and associated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6027

USING OPTIMAL CONTROL TO CHARACTERIZE THE ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF SPATIAL EXTERNALITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Elizabeth P.; Homans,   Frances R.
This study uses optimal control theory to examine the dynamic features of agricultural landscapes characterized by spatial externalites.  A stylized system of agricultural production and groundwater flow is used to illustrate how spatial externalities affect land use decisions over time.  Policy alternatives are also considered.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20654

Using Incentives to Buy Land-Use Change in Agriculture for Environmental Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
In general, the use of incentive payments to landholders in environmental programs is poorly thought through. This article discusses situations where environmental incentive payments are more likely to be a cost-effective response by environmental funders. It is proposed that incentives can be used in two broad ways: to encourage trialling of new practices by landholders, or to compensate landholders for losses resulting from land-use changes. It appears that environmental funders often do not pay sufficient attention to the differences between these two approaches. The first approach only makes sense if the new practices are 'adoptable', and so are expected to remain attractive to landholders beyond the trialling phase. The importance of adoptability and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental subsidies; Incentives; Externalities; Adoption of innovations; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58; H23; H4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25397

Groundwater Protection Through Farm Legislation in the 101st Congress
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bird,   Judy Campbell; Edmond,   Janet.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60336

"GREEN TAXES": IMPACTS ON NATIONAL INCOME, SOCIAL WELFARE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liang,   Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen); Lovejoy,   Stephen B.; Lee,   John G.
Two taxation schemes were designed to be included in a multi-regional multi-sectoral General Equilibrium model for reducing the use of commercial fertilizers, with the goal of alleviating surface water pollution. Under the 500% tax rate, results showed that 0.1% of the national income was given up in order to exchange for a 3% reduction in the fertilizer application used as an intermediate input. Furthermore environmental quality would be improved by 3%, if a linear relationship existed between the changes in intermediate fertilizer use and the improvement in environmental quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20870

The Economic Impact of the Green Industry in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Charles R.; Hodges,   Alan W.; Haydu,   John J.
This study estimates the economic impacts of the U.S. environmental horticulture industry (also known as the Green Industry) to be $147.8 billion in output, 1,964,339 jobs, $95.1 billion in value added, $64.3 billion in labor income, and $6.9 billion in indirect business taxes, with these values expressed in 2004 dollars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35437

The Coming Tug of War:  Forces Moving the 2007 Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Robert E., II.
The main forces of trade agreements and budgets will certainly play a strong role in driving the 2007 farm bill debate.  Other factors ranging from the political makeup of Congress to the growing level of rhetoric calling for reform, from the cost-price squeeze facing producers to the emergence of nonprogram commodities at the table will also play, at this time, uncertain roles in the development of the final legislation.  These various forces and factors are assessed and projections as to the final outcome of the debate hesitatingly provided.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43782

Open Space and Urban Sprawl: The Effects of Zoning and Forest Conservation Regulations in Maryland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but policies intended to preserve open space may extend the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. In accord with previous theoretical and empirical results, the estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. These results point to a conflict between preserving open space incorporated into private building lots or internal to sub-divisions and public...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Maryland Forest Conservation Act; Open space; Sprawl; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120451

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE REVISED ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY "CAFO RULE"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferrell,   Shannon L.; Williams,   Joseph E.; Stoecker,   Arthur L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36676

Compensation for the taking of Resource Interests: Practices in Relation to the Wet Tropics and Fraser Island, General Principles and their Relevance to the Extension of Dugong Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Loss of private rights; Dugong; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53639

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Costs of environmental regulations, although relatively small, can be critical in the competitiveness of a product since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim.  Additional costs derived from new regulations are a factor in the continued importance of exports and of the maintaining or increasing a nation’s share of the international market.  Governments try to assist their industries in overcoming the disadvantages caused by such added cost through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or in other ways.  In agriculture these are increasingly taking the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the limits imposed on domestic subsidies.  In addition to these mechanisms for addressing the environment, there...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19100

Co-Evolution in Asia, Markets and Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Economic, social and natural environmental systems are interdependent, and economic systems cannot be assessed in isolation from an interconnected whole. Many parts of Asia face increasing market intrusion and forced changes in economic mechanisms and rights without concomitant social and technological co-evolution. Consequently, serious problems for economic, social and environmental sustainability are being experienced by local communities, especially in remote regions and in peripheral areas such as Northeast India and in hilly regions of China. Rapid Asian economic growth, extension of markets and processes of globalization are generating social tensions and magnifying stresses on natural environments. Many subsistence and semi-subsistence communities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54345

MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS FOR REDUCING LEACHING OF NITRATES IN CROATIAN FARMING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumelius,   John; Grgic,   Zoran; Mesic,   Milan; Franic,   Ramona.
The aim of this paper is to identify optional ways of preventing NO3-levels from rising within Croatian farming systems, and the implications from the viewpoint of the manager.  More specifically, the purpose is to 1) Determine whether Croatian farmers exceed profit maximising levels of N-fertilizer use in maize cultivation, and its possible influence on NO3 –N-levels.  2) To estimate the marginal abatement cost (MAC), at the farm level, of reducing NO3 –N leaching through the following instruments: a tax on optimal N-doses, a product tax and an N-fertiliser quota and a requirement for all instruments to correspond to the same abatement level.  Based on.  N-response experiment from feld trial for maize N-response curves were estimated.  A sample of 20...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marginal abatement cost; N-response; Nitrate Directive; Taxes; Effluent production function; Croatia.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25909

Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Maria Claudia; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Field experiments; Pro-social emotions; Social dilemma; Regulation; Enforcement.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93; H41; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53126

PLANNING FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Snyder,   Robert W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13392

What Determines Prediction Errors In “Benefits Transfer” Models?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colombo,   Sergio; Hanley,   Nick.
The aim of BT techniques is to provide decision makers with a monetary valuation of environmental goods and service in a cost-effective and timely manner, since original valuation studies are both expensive and time-consuming. Demands for environmental valuation estimates are rising in the policy community in both Europe and the US. In the UK, widespread use of benefits transfer has already occurred within policy making and regulatory bodies, for instance in the setting of water quality targets for private water companies and in the design of agrienvironmental policy. An important question is how big the errors are resulting from this practice, and how sensitive transfer errors are to how the benefits transfer is conducted. In this study we employ a choice...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7967

Dealing with the tradeoff between water for nature and water for rural livelihoods in the presence of climate uncertainties: lessons for water management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo; Blanco-Gutierrez,   Irene; Swartz,   Christopher H.; Downing,   Thomas E.
In arid countries worldwide, social conflicts between irrigation-based human development and the conservation of aquatic ecosystems are widespread and attract many public debates. This research focuses on the analysis of water and agricultural policies aimed to conserve groundwater resources and to maintain rural livelihoods in a basin in Spain’s central arid region. Intensive groundwater mining has caused overexploitation of the basin’s large aquifer and the degradation of internationally reputed wetlands. This has caused notable social conflicts over the years but the  policies implemented have not been able to solve them so far. The methodology consists in the integration of a farm-based economic model and a basin-based hydrology model to analyze the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water policies; Irrigation agriculture; Hydro-economic modeling.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51420

A fenntarthatóság kistérségi modellje
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinya,   Laszlo.
A tanulmányban felvázoljuk a fenntartható kistérség megvalósításának a modelljét, melynek kiindulópontja az, hogy az összefüggések rendszerében megjelenő globális kihívásokra komplex módon megfogalmazott lokális válaszok szükségesek. A kistérségi fenntarthatósági modell öt pillére a helyi társadalom, a gazdaság, az infrastruktúra, az intézményrendszer és a természeti környezet. Mindegyik pillérhez négy-négy részterület tartozik, amelyekben egymással összehangolt fejlesztési programok szükségesek a kistérségi fenntarthatóság érdekében. A megvalósítás feltételezi a helyi és központi erőforrások összekapcsolt mobilizálását és hosszú távon megtervezett, levezényelt lépéssor végrehajtását. A modell stratégiai alkalmazását célzó fókuszcsoportos tesztelés – a...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Helyi fenntarthatóság; Komplex modell; Alulról szerveződés; Stratégiai megvalósítás; Local sustainability; Complex model; Bottom-up organizing; Strategic implementation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119927

The limitations of market driven sustainability: The case of environmental management systems for food production in Australia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cary,   John W.; Bhaskaran,   Suku; Polonsky,   Michael.
Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) address environmental risks in supply chains and certification of environmental claims. Governments supporting EMSs have encouraged producers to respond to anticipated consumer environmental concerns. Attempts at implementing EMSs have rarely been in direct response to market demand but are usually farmer organisation driven - to forestall increased regulation. In Australia, consumer demand for foods produced to environmentally sustainable standards is minimal because consumers don't believe these products offer special benefits. EMS implementation is expensive and onerous; and the products require a market premium. Food consumers have difficulty differentiating the terms organic, environmentally-friendly, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EMS; Environmental marketing; Sustainable food production; Eco-labelling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9465

Preferences for Wastewater Management Programs in Rhode Island: Accounting for Shellfish, Drinking Water, and Strategic Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Christopher J.; Swallow,   Stephen K.; Sutinen,   Jon G.
This paper discusses resistance to wastewater management programs in coastal communities. Innovative stated preference survey responses are used to rank the importance of private onsite benefits, water quality protection, environmental perceptions, and treatment responsibility. Resistance becomes strategic when treatment responsibility is heterogeneous and environmental values compete with private onsite benefits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19376

ESTIMATING DEMAND FOR RECREATIONAL FISHING IN ALABAMA USING TRAVEL COST MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ojumu,   Oluwagbemiga; Hite,   Diane; Fields,   Deacue.
Individuals and households reveal their willingness to pay to enjoy environmental and natural resource services by engaging in outdoor recreation activities.  The state of Alabama and the Black-Belt region possess significant recreational fishing resources whose qualities could be improved through public and private management innovations.  To measure the value of such interventions, a baseline estimate of recreational fishing demand and potential for increasing the demand by on-site improvements needs to established. Using direct mail survey, count data obtained on individual angler characteristics, expenditures on fishing equipment, and destinations and expenditures on time and travel for each trip taken.  In addition, the kinds and quantities of fish...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Recreation; Negative-Binomial; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46858

TWO METHODS OF ESTIMATING SEMIPARAMETRIC COMPONENT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNET'S CURVE (EKC)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Zapata,   Hector O.
This study compares parametric and semiparametric smoothing techniques to estimate the environmental Kuznet curve.  The ad hoc functional form where income is related either as a square or a cubic function to environmental quality is relaxed in search of a better nonlinear fit to the pollution-income relationship for panel data.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34598

The Carbon Challenge for Mixed Enterprise Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingwell,   Ross S.
As part of its climate change policy the Australian government has introduced a Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) scheme and is also attempting to introduce a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). Using as a case study a main agricultural region of Australia, this paper examines how farming systems in this region may be affected by the medium term policy settings of these two schemes. A bio-economic model of the region’s farming systems is developed and used to assess the schemes’ impacts on the nature and profitability of the farming systems. Results show a range of profit and enterprise impacts across the range of farming systems. Farms as providers of biomass for electricity generation and small users of electricity are liable to benefit from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Greenhouse gases; Economic modelling; Sequestration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97169

Coping Strategies against El Nino-Induced Climatic Risk: Case of Northeast Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekhora,   Thamrong.
This second phase of the study is expected to produce actual and accurate information concerning socio-economic information and measures to cope with the El Nino effects at the farm level. Evidence of abnormal weather was apparent in Thailand in 2001 when the rain was less than the previous years' and the high temperatures were from January to March 2002. However, the rain came early in May 2002. Thus, the period of 2001 is suitable to represent an abnormal year for the study of the second phase of the project. The objectives of the second phase are to analyze and evaluate drought impacts at farm-household level, farmer's responses and government measures to overcome the problems. The research was conducted in two different provinces, namely Lop Buri in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Drought; Climatic change; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32672

Promoting development oriented financial system in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Uganda country experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obowna,   Marios; Abuka,   Charles Augustine.
Uganda faced a number of challenges at the time of embarking on financial sector reforms. These challenges were complicated by decades of economic mismanagement and political instability that had prevailed in the country. In particular, there were concerns about the inadequacy of a critical mass of skilled and experienced financial sector players. This shortcoming inherently induced undue impediments to Uganda's corporate reporting regime. Further shortcoming were related to the lack of comprehensive financial information and underlying databases. It is now recognized that investment in financial data gathering usually provides the required critical support base for monitoring efforts and for crisis prediction in the financial sector...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Financial systems; Obwona; EPRC; Political stability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93812

The Implications of Skewed Risk Perception for a Dutch Coastal Land Market: Insights from an Agent-Based Computational Economics Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Filatova,   Tatiana; Parker,   Dawn Cassandra; van der Veen,   Anne.
Dutch coastal land markets are characterized by high amenity values but are threatened by potential coastal hazards, leading to high potential damage costs from flooding. Yet, Dutch residents generally perceive low or no flood risk. Using an agent-based land market model and Dutch survey data on risk perceptions and location preferences, this paper explores the patterns of land development and land rents produced by buyers with low, highly skewed risk perceptions. We find that, compared to representative agent and uniform risk perception models, the skewed risk perception distribution produces substantially more, high-valued development in risky coastal zones, potentially creating economically significant risks triggered by the current Dutch flood...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Land markets; Risk perceptions; Agent-based modeling; The Netherlands; Survey; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120639

Aquaculture, Environmental Spillovers and Sustainable Developments: Links and Policy Choices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Although aquaculture has been practised for many centuries, it was in the past on quite a modest scale and limited to a few species e.g. carp. However, in recent decades, aquaculture has shown very rapid expansion. This is partly because catches of wild fish have expanded at a slower rate than demand and many new scientific and technological advances have been made in aquaculture. Furthermore, by the mid-1990s evidence available to scientists indicated that catches of wild fish had either reached, nearly reached or even exceeded their sustainable limits (Williams, 1997). Consequently, according to Meryl Williams (1997, p.18), Director of ICLARM, now “aquaculture is the major, though not sole hope, for improving the world’s fish production”. Aquaculture,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Environmental Spillovers; Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48383

Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Farms from Three Different Brazilian Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peres,   Fernando Curi; de Zen,   Sergio; Ambrosio,   Luis Alberto; Ichihara,   Silvio M.
Using the technique of "panels" farms were drawn as representatives from three regions of Brazil: the first was a medium size farm representing the grain production area of Northern Rio Grande do Sul State; the second, a large farm from the grain and livestock production area of Mato Grosso State; the third, a very large farm from the Amazonian livestock production area of Para State. The long-term cost of production was estimated and the yearly average net income was evaluated for each typical farm. An "energy" evaluation table, prepared according to procedures described by Odum (1996), was used to estimate each farm process of incorporating energy into its production as a way to evaluate the sustainability of the farms systems. A four quadrant reference...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24363

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Larue,   Bruno; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.; Gray,   Richard S.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55301

The Costs and Benefits of Reducing Acid Rain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Mansur,   Erin T.; Austin,   David H.; Farrell,   Deirdre.
Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated a dramatic reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by electric power plants. This paper presents the results of an integrated assessment of the benefits and costs of the program, using the Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF) developed for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). Although dramatic uncertainties characterize our estimates especially with respect to the benefits of the program, many of which we have modeled explicitly, we find that the benefits can be expected to substantially outweigh the costs of the emission reductions. The lion's share of benefits result from reduced risk of premature mortality, especially through reduced exposure to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Cost-benefit analysis; Clean Air Act; Title IV; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10692

Contrasting Working-Land and Land Retirement Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. In particular, this Brief focuses on potential tradeoffs in balancing land retirement with conservation on working lands.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34093

The coastal environmental profile of Singapore
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sien,   Chia Lin; Khan,   Habibullah; Ming,   Chou Loke.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Coastal zone management; Environmental profile; Singapore; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44688

NUTRIENT FLOWS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE: ECOLOGICAL AND POLICY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Craswell,   Eric T.; Grote,   Ulrike; Henao,   Julio; Vlek,   Paul L.G.
This paper addresses the issue of environmental and ecological impacts of nutrient flows within and between countries by reviewing and presenting data on nutrient balances and global nutrient movements. The results for nutrient depletion in agricultural soils during 1996-1999 show that in most countries in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean rates of depletion are so high that current land use is not sustainable. At the other end of the scale, nutrient surplus derived from agriculture is most serious in the USA and industrialized countries of Europe, but also occurs in some densely populated areas of countries such as India and China. International net flows of NPK in traded agricultural commodities were estimated to total 4.8 Tg in 1997 and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18734

ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSPECTIVES TO PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adeofun,   C.O.; Opeolu,   B.O.
Agriculture, unlike industrial activity which has always resulted in pollution, has been environmentally benign for most of its history until after the Second World War when the system disintegrated. Then, crop residues were incorporated into the soil or fed to livestock, the manure returned to the land in amounts that could be absolved and utilized. Mechanized farming, however, is reliant on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Hence, crop residues and livestock excreta, which were once recycled have become wastes and their disposal a continuing problem for the farmer. With the present national policy on agriculture, there is the need for private sector participation especially in the area of environmental health and safety for economic and environmental...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54375

Cap-and-Trade: The Evolution of an Economic Idea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tietenberg,   Tom.
Over the past three decades or so, emissions trading has evolved from an idea that was little more than an academic curiosity to its current role as the centerpiece of the U.S. program to control acid rain and international programs to control greenhouse gases. This essay identifies some of the key milestones of this evolution, describes how that evolution was shaped by economic analysis, elicits some of the lessons about the design and effectiveness of emissions trading that have emerged from analysis of that evolution, and points out a few of the barriers that lie in the path of achieving a truly global carbon market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap-and-trade; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95836

Intervention in Agricultural Systems that Provide Positive Environmental Externalities: an Evaluation of Alternative Instruments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Atance Muniz,   Ignacio; Bardaji,   Isabel; Tio,   Carlos.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) intervenes in most agricultural systems that provide positive environmental externalities using both direct payments and agrienvironmental schemes. In this context, the objective of this paper is to compare the efficiency of the current intervention system versus intervening using agri-environmental payments as a sole instrument. The cereal steppes agroecosystem of Tierra de Campos (Valladolid, Spain) has been selected to develop this comparison. A farm survey and a Positive Mathematical Programming Model have been combined to provide results of both alternative instruments. The farm survey was used to ask the farmers their payments demands to participate in the alternative instrument, supplying also qualitative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Agri-environmental schemes; Policy instruments evaluation; Farm surveys; Positive Mathematical Programming; Cereal steppes; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24810

The Waikato River Settlement and Natural Resource Management in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steenstra,   Alex.
This paper examines the Waikato River Agreement in Principle by considering the implications of accommodating cultural values in natural resource management for the Waikato River and New Zealand. Economics will continue to play an integral part in the management of the Waikato River and natural resources in New Zealand. The settlement provides an opportunity to rethink how to incorporate Maori knowledge, cultural and social relationships, and social, cultural, and economic wellbeing in an integrated, holistic, and coordinated approach.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water; Cultural values; Natural resource economics; Co-management; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96665

Global interactions between bioenergy and climate policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.; Sohngen,   Brent.
Over the past few years, interest in bioenergy has boomed with higher oil prices and concerns about energy security, farm incomes, and mitigation of climate change. In the same time, there is significant interest in international agricultural and forestry based greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation.  However, bioenergy and climate policies are being formulated largely independent of one another. Understanding the interaction between these potentially competing policy objectives is valuable for identifying possible constraints that one policy might be placing on the other, as well as potential complementarities. Using a general equilibrium framework, this study assesses the effects of bioenergy expansion on sectoral, regional and global GHG emissions mitigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61592

The likely regional impacts of an agricultural emissions policy in New Zealand: Preliminary analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sin,   Isabelle; Brunton,   Emma; Hendy,   Joanna; Kerr,   Suzi.
Hendy and Kerr (2005b) find that an emissions charge on agricultural methane and nitrous oxide of $25 per tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent would be likely to reduce New Zealand‘s net land-use related emissions for commitment period one in the order of 3%, with full accounting. The costs per farmer and as a percentage of profit would be very high. This paper considers the regional impacts of such a policy in New Zealand by allocating the emission charge across space according to the location of animals. We then combine our emissions charge information with data on the socio-economic characteristics of the affected areas. Obviously rural areas are heavily affected. In many respects, for example median income, ethnic mix, and percentage of working...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Land use; Social impacts; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Dairy; Sheep; Beef; Distribution of costs; Regional; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Q25; Q28; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98506

Hidden action, risk aversion and variable fines in agri-environmental schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ozanne,   Adam; White,   Benedict.
This note analyses the design of agri-environmental schemes for risk-averse producers whose input usage is only observable by costly monitoring. The scheme penalises producers in proportion to input use in excess of a quota. A striking result is that if the scheme is designed in such a way that producers always comply with the quota, risk aversion is not relevant in determining the level of input use.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Monitoring; Risk aversion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118539

The Unbearable Lightness of Regulatory Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank.
Will unbearable regulatory costs ruin the US economy? This specter haunts official Washington, just as fears of communism once did. Once again, the prevailing rhetoric suggests, an implacable enemy of free enterprise puts our prosperity at risk. Like anti-communism in its heyday, anti-command-and-control-ism serves to narrow debate, promoting the unregulated laissez-faire economy as the sole acceptable goal and standard for public policy. Fears of the purported costs of regulation have been used to justify a sweeping reorganization of regulatory practice, in which the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is empowered to, and often enough does, reject regulations from other agencies on the basis of intricate, conjectural, economic calculations. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37159

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the “Pigouvian” welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors ¾ the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&amp;D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10448

Financing Structures for CDM Projects in India and Capacity Building Options for EU-Indo Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deodhar,   Vinay; Michaelowa,   Axel; Krey,   Matthias.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enables industrialized countries to meet a part of their emission reduction requirements through purchase of emission reduction credits from projects in developing countries. Various studies have concluded that India is likely to be one of the major countries supplying such projects. However, in order that a large number of high-quality CDM projects is developed and result in Certified Emission Reductions as specified by the international CDM Executive Board, the institutional set up in the Indian finance sector has to be suitably geared up. So far, banks and financial institutions have not developed procedures for efficient financing of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy; CDM; Financial Institutions; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26139

Model, Model on the Screen, What's the Cost of Going Green?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dowlatabadi,   Hadi; Boyd,   David R.; MacDonald,   Jamie.
How much a policy is expected to cost and who bears the brunt of that cost play a significant role in the debates that shape regulations. We do not have a good track record of predicting costs and their ultimate distribution, but systematic reviews of past assessments have identified some of the factors that lead to errors. A wide range of expected costs of climate policy have been hotly debated, but all are likely to be wrong. This does not mean that we should continue a debate using ill-informed analyses. On the contrary, we need early small experiments to shed light on key unknowns. Environmental stewardship is a long-term challenge and an adaptive regulatory approach promises to inform policy targets and improve controls through sequential regulatory...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cost estimation; Climate policy; Modeling; Adaptive management; Environmental Economics and Policy; D21; D82; D83; F13; O31.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10806

Deforestation Mechanisms: A Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wibowo,   Dradjad H.; Byron,   R. Neil.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53640

Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children's Environmental Health Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
The recognition that environmental hazards can affect children differently and more severely than adults has provoked growing concern in industrialized nations about the impact of environmental pollution on children's health. In this paper, commissioned by the OECD, we are charged with examining "economic uncertainties" associated with valuing the benefits of environmental policies that reduce risk to children's health. We examine two sources of uncertainty in benefits estimation: forecasting uncertainty and modeling uncertainty. We explore how these sources of uncertainty affect the use of standard economic and non-economic approaches to the valuation of health benefits. These include willingness-to-pay measures, cost-of-illness and human-capital...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; QALY; Children; Social welfare function; Health valuation; Environmental health; Household behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; I18; I1; J17; D13; D6; D63; D64.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10722

HŐHASZNOSÍTÁSÚ BIOMASSZA POTENCIÁL HEVES MEGYÉBEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gergely,   Sandor.
Az Európai Unióban 2004-ben 13,9% a nem fosszilis, megújuló energiahor-dozók részaránya az energiatermelésben, amelyet 2010-re 22,1%-ra terveznek emelni. Hazánkban ez az arány 2004-ben 0,9%, amelyet 2010-re 3,6%-ra kellene emelnünk; ezt vállaltuk csatlakozásunkkor. A következő hat évben négyszeresére kell növelni a megújuló energiahordozók termelését, felhasználását.  Heves megyében is egyre nagyobb jelentőségre tesz szert az a törekvés, hogy növekvő energiaigényét minél kedvezőbb áron tudják kielégíteni. Az imént emlí-tett mindkét alapvető szempontnak megfelel az, ha minél teljesebb mértékben hasznosítják a megyékben található biomassza energetikai tartalékokat. A szerző irányításával a Károly Róbert Főiskola kutatói, oktatói a Gyöngyös Körzete Kistérség...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Megújuló energia; Energia-erdő program; Gyöngyös kistérség; Renewable energy; Energy-forest programme; Gyöngyös District; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54852

The Future of Electricity Generation in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bishop,   Phil; Bull,   Brian.
Increasing demand for electricity in New Zealand requires approximately 150 megawatts of new capacity to be installed annually. Rapidly increasing global prices for fossil fuels; the New Zealand Energy Strategy with its focus on renewable technologies; climate change policies; and a gradual shift from an energy constrained electricity system to one with capacity constraints are all factors underlying a change in the type of generation plant being installed and the location of that plant. This paper examines the likely future of the generation sector over the next 20-30 years. It is based on the work undertaken by the Electricity Commission in preparing its Statement of Opportunities, which contains scenarios describing how electricity may be generated in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Capacity expansion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96442

Controlling Ozone and Fine Particulates: Cost Benefit Analysis with Meteorological Variability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Bergin,   Michelle S.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Russell,   Armistead G.
In this paper, we develop an integrated cost-benefit analysis framework for ozone and fine particulate control, accounting for variability and uncertainty. The framework includes air quality simulation, sensitivity analysis, stochastic multi-objective air quality management, and stochastic cost-benefit analysis. This paper has two major contributions. The first is the development of stochastic source-receptor (S-R) coefficient matrices for ozone and fine particulate matter using an advanced air quality simulation model (URM-1ATM) and an efficient sensitivity algorithm (DDM-3D). The second is a demonstration of this framework for alternative ozone and PM2.5 reduction policies. Alternative objectives of the stochastic air quality management model include...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambient air; Ozone; Particulate matter; Risk management; Public policy; Cost-benefit analysis; Variability and uncertainty; Stochastic simulation; Stochastic multi-objective programming; Decision-making; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q2; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10735

A Pseudo-Sequential Choice Model for Valuing Multiple Environmental Policy or Program Components in Contingent Valuation Applications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Volinskiy,   Dmitriy; Bergstrom,   John C.; Cornwell,   Christopher M.
The study proposes a discrete-choice model for environmental policy/program valuation, to be used in cases when several policies are valued sequentially. The stochastic specification of the model is consistent with the transitivity and continuity axioms of utility analysis. An empirical methodology for the model is suggested. An application of this model to WTP estimation for Little Tennessee River watershed ecosystem restoration is provided. Findings from the application agree with the hypothesized agent's behavior.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19109

Giving credit to the microlenders. Formal microlending, credit constraints and adverse selection: a case study of shrimp farmers in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersson,   Camilla I.M.; Holmgren,   Erik; MacGregor,   James; Stage,   Jesper.
Smallholder farmers have long been denied access to formal credit, largely because of the high administrative fees associated with loans. A possible solution to this problem, which has become increasingly popular, is the use of microcredit financing, where innovative means of securing the loans, such as peer monitoring, are used. This paper examines the effectiveness of formal microcredit schemes as compared to the traditional informal credit sources in a rural shrimp farming district of Bangladesh. We compare the two types of credit by studying the technical and allocative efficiencies of the two groups of borrowers. The findings suggest that farmers using both types of microcredit have difficulty accessing credit, often over-utilising labour in order to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics; Bangladesh; Shrimp Farming; Fisheries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37921

Technology Transfers and the Clean Development Mechanism in a North-South General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aronsson,   Thomas; Backlund,   Kenneth; Sahlen,   Linda.
This paper analyzes the potential welfare gains of introducing a technology transfer from Annex I to non-Annex I in order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Our analysis is based on a numerical general equilibrium model for a world economy comprising two regions, North (Annex I) and South (non-Annex I). As our model allows for labor mobility between the formal and informal sectors in the South, we are also able to capture additional aspects of how the transfer influences the Southern economy. In a cooperative equilibrium, a technology transfer from the North to the South is clearly desirable from the perspective of a ‘global social planner’, since the welfare gain for the South outweighs the welfare loss for the North. However, if the regions do not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12026

How Ambitious are China and India’s Emissions Intensity Targets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.; Jotzo,   Frank.
As part of the negotiating process for a post-Kyoto climate policy regime, several developing economies have announced carbon emission targets for 2020. China and India’s commitments are framed as emissions intensity reductions by 40 to 45 per cent and 20 to 25 per cent respectively between 2005 and 2020. But how feasible are these proposed emissions intensity reductions, and how do they compare with the targeted reductions in the United States and the European Union?   In this research report we use a stochastic frontier model to explain the variation in countries’ energy intensities. We use the model to produce emissions projections for China and India under a number of scenarios that consider various rates of technological change and changes in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Climate change; Developing countries; Projections; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94947

Derived Carbon Credit Values for Carbon Sequestration: Do CO2 Emissions From Production Inputs Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Jeffery R.; Nelson,   Richard G.; Aller,   Taryn D.; Claassen,   Mark M.; Rice,   Charles W.
carbon credit value
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117983

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15848

Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper provides an overview of concepts of sustainable agriculture and possible methods of attaining sustainability of agricultural yields and production. Reasons are given as to why modern industrialised agriculture might be less sustainable in terms of yields than traditional agriculture. The question of whether organic agriculture is likely to be more sustainable than non-organic agriculture is considered as well as organic agriculture’s likely impact on wild biodiversity. The impact of the development of agriculture on wild biodiversity is assessed because some environmentalists see the conservation of wild biodiversity as an important ingredient of sustainable development. However, there is a policy conflict between conservationist groups. Some...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Biodiversity; Conservation; Intensive agriculture; Modern industrialised agricultural systems; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55063

Economic Analysis of Manure Harvesting Equipment in Feedyards for Dust Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bretz,   Fran E.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Warminski,   Patrick L.; Marek,   Thomas H.
This study concentrated on one method of dust control which is harvesting manure with equipment. An economic analysis including hourly fixed and operational costs were performed on the following: tractor-pulled box scraper, front-end loader, dump truck, spreader truck, elevating scraper and tractor-pulled end dump. The purpose of this study was to generate cost data for feedyard owners/operators to reference when making manure management and equipment purchasing  decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Manure harvesting equipment; Tractor-pulled box scraper; Front-end loader; Dump truck; Spreader truck; Tractor-pulled end dump; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56438

Consumer Preferences for Refrigerators Manufactured by “Climate Leaders”
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaogu; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Yen,   Steven T.
In 2002, EPA established a voluntary program called the Climate Leaders Program (CL Program) designed for organizations to complete a corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, set a goal for reducing GHG emissions, and achieve that goal.  The program was never implemented as a product labeling program. In 2010, EPA announced the program’s phase out. This study examines whether the CL Program could have been effectively used as a consumer product labeling program to assist consumers in choosing products manufactured by firms that have voluntarily set and achieved targeted GHG emission reductions.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer Preferences; Climate Leaders; Willingness-to-Pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123756

Impacts of Agri-Environmental Policies on Land Allocation and Land Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
We develop a Ricardian framework with heterogeneous land quality to analyse the effects of agricultural and agri-environmental support policies on land allocation decisions and land prices. Four agri-environmental policy instruments are considered: a uniform area payment, a quality-dependent area payment, a mandatory buffer strip policy and a voluntary buffer strip payment. We also analyse how general tax and monetary policies may affect agricultural land prices. The theoretical framework is illustrated by an empirical model applied to Finnish agriculture. The empirical model shows that macroeconomic factors, such as general tax and monetary policies, may exert a greater impact on land prices than some minor fine-tuning in agrienvironmental policies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Acreage subsidy; Land price; Q11; Q18; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25310

AN INTRASEASONAL BIOECONOMIC MODEL OF PLRV NET NECROSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Thomas L.; Huffaker,   Ray G.; Folwell,   Raymond J.; Long,   Gary.
A bioeconomic model is developed as an IPM planning tool to combat PLRV net necrosis in the PNW potato industry.  Environmental/biological and production processes are linked to marketing activities using discrete time control.  We find that pesticides can be optimally timed to reduce applications and still protect against net necrosis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20935

The Effects of Driving Restrictions on Air Quality:  São Paulo, Bogotá, Beijing, and Tianjin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   C.-Y. Cynthia; Zhang,   Wei; Umanskaya,   Victoria I.
In a typical driving restriction, vehicle use is restricted based on the vehicle’s license plate; one cannot drive vehicles with certain license plate numbers on certain days.  Driving restrictions have been used as a method to reduce urban air pollution or traffic congestion because they are easy and inexpensive to implement.  We investigate whether driving restrictions introduced in São Paulo, Bogotá, Beijing and Tianjin have improved air quality.  Across different versions of the driving restrictions there is no evidence that the overall air quality at different places has been improved. However, several important results show up in this extensive analysis.  Temporal shifting of driving is likely to appear when the restrictions are only effective during...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Driving restriction; Air quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103381

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION FROM AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abler,   David G.; Shortle,   James S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28825

SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND FARMERS' EROSION CONTROL INCENTIVES--A DYNAMIC MODELING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saliba,   B. Colby.
Important linkages between farm management variables, soil loss, crop yields, and incentives to practice soil conservation have often been omitted from previous empirical studies, due to regional data limitations and incomplete knowledge of soil loss/crop yiled relationships.  An optimal control model is developed with explicit attention to interactions between management choices, soil loss, and long-term farmland productivity.  Analysis of the optimality conditions generates a number of hypotheses related to farmers' productivity-linked conservation incentives, which can be tested empirically without precise knowledge of specific erosion-productivity relationships.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32318

A Structural Equation Model of Farmers Operating within Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) in Scotland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Willock,   J.; Hall,   Clare.
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) offers a theoretical basis for developing an understanding of the relationships between attitudes and behaviour. This paper imposes the SEM framework to a compulsory regulation which focuses on reducing diffuse water pollution, namely Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ). We use a data set collected through a farm survey within NVZs in Scotland in 2007. The model includes six latent variables expressing farmers’ nitrate reducing behaviour, nitrate reducing and profit maximizing behavioural propensities and the underlying determining factors, namely attitude (risk perception) and socio-economic latent variables (access to information and stocking density). The results indicate that the model has an adequate fit to the data and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate Vulnerable Zones; Structural equation modeling with latent variables; Scotland; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43643

Tradable Permits Under Threat to Manage Nonpoint Source Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ali,   Murad; Le Grusse,   P.; Rio,   Patrick.
In this article we treat the problem of nonpoint source pollution as a problem of moral hazard in group. To solve this kind of problem we consider a group performance based tax coupled to tradable permits market. The tax is activated if the group fails to meet the ambient standard. So the role of the tax is to provide an incitation to ensure that the agents provide the abatement level necessary to achieve the standard. The role of the tradable permits market is to distribute effectively this abatement level through the price of the permits which rises with the exchange of the permits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint source pollution; Ambient tax; Tradable permits market; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44414

Antarctic Tourists: A Case Study of Their Evaluation of Antarctic Wildlife and Environmental Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Kriwoken,   Lorne.
Reports the results of surveys of Antarctic cruise ship passengers on the ‘Akademik Ioffe’ who undertook their Antarctic journey in January 2003.  The prime purposes of the surveys were to determine the socio-economic profile of these travellers, evaluate the importance of Antarctic wildlife for their travel, their attitude to Antarctic wildlife conservation as well as environmental issues involving Antarctica, both prior to their tourist visit to Antarctica and following it.  This paper reports on the socio-economic profile of respondents, their willingness to pay for their Antarctic trip, and their knowledge of Antarctica.  The comparative importance of Antarctic wildlife as a factor motivating respondents to undertake their journey is assessed and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctic wildlife conservation; Environmental issues; Willingness to pay; Antarctica; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48980

Environmental Credit Trading (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lucero,   Carl.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8086

Regionalwirtschaftliche Effekte veränderter Wassernutzung in Nordost-Niedersachsen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Battermann,   Henning W.; Bergmann,   Holger; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
Mit der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie hat die EU einen juristischen Rahmen geschaffen, alle aquatischen Ökosysteme, zu denen auch die Grundwasserkörper gehören, zu schützen. Diese vornehmlich auf den Wasserschutz abzielende Maßnahme zieht neben klaren Vorteilen für den Wasserhaushalt und die -versorger möglicherweise auch Vor- wie Nachteile für landwirtschaftliche Betriebe wie landwirtschaftlich geprägte Regionen nach sich. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird untersucht, welche regionalen Effekte eine verminderte Beregnung für eine der am stärksten von Trockenheit betroffenen Regionen Nordostniedersachsen besitzen würde. Mit Hilfe des Regionalmodels „POMMARD“ wurden die regionalen Effekte (a) einer Halbierung des verfügbaren Beregnungswassers sowie (b) eines...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Feldberegnung; Input-Output Analyse; Systemdynamiken; Regionale Wirtschaftskreisläufe; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53259

When Should Uncertain Nonpoint Emissions be Penalized in a Trading Program?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Feng,   Hongli.
When nonpoint source pollution is stochastic and the damage function is convex, intuition might suggest it is more important to control a nonpoint pollution source than a point source. Earlier research has provided sufficient conditions such that the permit price for a unit of ex-ante expected emissions should be higher than the permit price for a unit of certain emissions. Herein we provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions such that this is the case. An approach to testing for the validity of the condition set is available, and has been applied to a related problem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural pollution; Multiple inputs; Permit trading; Social optimality; Trading ratio; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; D2; D8.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9805

Economic benefit and costs of tree planting for salinity control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hill,   Christine M.
This study reviewed case studies and research focussed on the issues of managing native vegetation, the problems of salinity and the relationship between the two. It then addressed the economic feasibility of six tree planting configurations to reduce the impacts of salinity. The method used a spreadsheet model showing the benefits and costs of various planting configurations over a 30-year time span. This model can be used to assess the monetary net benefit/costs of reducing recharge of a vegetation management proposal. Inputs can be varied to tailor the model to different catchments. Even when applied to local groundwater systems, the impact on salinity in terms of land salinised, salt loads and dollars was small. These factors can represent major...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vegetation; Salinity; Benefit cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58706

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on China's Grain Sector and International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This study analyzes the potential impact of climate change on China's corn, wheat, and rice, domestic agricultural markets, and the international markets out to the year 2050. The study provides a brief background and reviews research literature of climate change effects on China's crop yields. The paper presents the potential impact of climate change on China's yields and attempts to quantify the domestic and global market impacts. The analysis has four scenarios, which assumes two future levels of greenhouse gas emissions with the effects of CO2 fertilization and no CO2 fertilization. A 27-country commodity partial equilibrium simulation mathematical programming model (PEATSim) is used for this analysis. Results indicate under CO2 fertilization, which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Trade; Climate change; GHG; CO2 fertilization; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation mathematical model.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103768

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q27; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37013

A CASE FOR SUBVENTION OF PRIVATE LANDOWNERS IN THE LOUISIANA COASTAL ZONE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caffey,   Rex H.
The Louisiana Coastal Zone (LCZ) is experiencing an unparalleled crisis of wetland loss, most of which (75%) is occurring on private lands.  This paper use agricultural conservation policy as a comparative construct in a commentary that examines the rationale and methodology of providing economic incentives to subsidize wetland restoration on private lands in the LCZ.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35045

The White House and the Kyoto Protocol: Double Standards on Uncertainties and Their Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tulkens,   Philippe; Tulkens,   Henry.
This paper compares the level of uncertainty widely reported in climate change scientific publications with the level of uncertainty of the costs estimates of implementing the Kyoto Protocol in the United States. It argues that these two categories of uncertainties were used and ignored, respectively, in the policy making process in the US so as to challenge the scientific basis on the one hand and on the other hand to assert that reducing emissions would hurt the economy by an amount stated without any qualification. The paper reviews the range of costs estimates published since 1998 on implementing the Kyoto Protocol in the US. It comments on the significance of these cost estimates and identifies a decreasing trend in the successive estimates. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12063

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MINERAL ECONOMIES: THE EXAMPLE OF BOTSWANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lange,   Glenn-Marie; Wright,   Matthew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18019

THE ROLE OF SOIL TEST INFORMATION IN REDUCING GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Ronald A.; Adams,   Richard M.; Ervin,   David E.
Testing soils for nutrients is expected to improve groundwater quality. However, it is unknown whether soil testing will improve groundwater quality sufficiently to decrease the demand for direct regulation of agricultural practices. Focusing on an irrigated agricultural region in eastern Oregon, the economic and environmental aspects of soil testing are assessed using a spatially distributed, dynamic simulation model which links economic behavior with the physical processes that determine groundwater quality. Results indicate that soil testing of all fields increases farm profits and reduced groundwater nitrate concentration. However, the benefits are small in terms of potential improvements in groundwater quality
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31171

Estimating Global Environmental Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Donna J.; Zhang,   J.
Preliminary results indicate a reduction in agricultural trade barriers offers some benefits to poorer nations at the expense of some richer nations. A positive externality if trade liberalization is a decrease in coal combustion and a slight decrease in global CO2 emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25290

RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: REPORT ON A DIALOGUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13427

RECYCLING, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTION: THE EFFECT OF INCREASED U.S. PAPER RECYCLING ON U.S. IMPORT DEMAND FOR CANADIAN PAPER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michael,   Jeffrey A.
The quantity of paper recycled in the U.S. has more than doubled since 1985.  International trade theory predicts that this will lead to reduced imports of paper, and a shift in domestic production toward waste paper intensive outputs (e.g., newsprint) and away from higher grade products such as printing/writing paper.  Import demand elasticities with respect to input prices were estimated for newsprint, printing/writing, and all paper utilizing 20 years of monthly data.  The empirical results confirm the predictions of theory, and illustrate a channel through which recycling may be more beneficial for U.S. industry than the domestic environment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Import demand; Paper industry; Pollution; Recycling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15086

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON RECREATION USE AND VALUE: AN APPLICATION TO OFFSHORE RIGS IN CALIFORNIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parliament,   Claudia; Merchant,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14145

Analysis of a Climatically Variable Production Season
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Materer,   Susan M.; Corinne,   Valdivia.
Analysis of a small agropastoral community in Bolivia during a climatically vulnerable year, provided insight into how households diversify and change productions strategies in order to secure income and food consumption. Twelve independent variables that identified distinct production strategies were analyzed according to how well they estimated total income. A subset selection process determined the best combination of variables, or production strategies. The four variables chosen were food plots, shared land, off farm income and number of native animals. These variables characterize traditional farming practices and have social and human capital embedded within them. It is important to understand how households mitigate and cope with climatic risks, in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92905

POLLUTION AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   Robert A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22561

Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in 2010: was the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill a Factor? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ostrom,   Nathaniel E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106136

ECONOMIC INCENTIVES TO REDUCE THE QUANTITY OF CHEMICALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Masch,   William R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30348

Agricultural land management strategies to reduce phosphorus loads in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Anna M.; Pannell,   David J.; Doole,   Graeme J.; Vigiak,   Olga.
A target to reduce phosphorus flows into the Gippsland Lakes in south-eastern Australia by 40 per cent to improve water quality has previously been established by stakeholders. An integrated analysis at the catchment scale is undertaken to assess the agricultural land management changes required to achieve this target, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these changes. It appears technically feasible to achieve a 40 per cent reduction in P load entering the lakes, but the least-costly way of doing so would require around A$1 billion over 20 years, a dramatic increase in the current levels of funding provided for management. On the other hand, a 20 per cent P reduction could be achieved at much lower cost: around $80 million over 20 years and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit: cost analysis; Dairy; Diffuse source; Trade-offs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102454

AIR POLLUTION AND FARM-LEVEL CROP YIELDS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westenbarger,   David A.; Frisvold,   George B.
While many studies have estimated the impacts of air pollution on crop yields on experimental plots, few have estimated these impacts under actual farm production conditions.  This study econometrically estimates the impact of air pollution on corn and soybean yields, controlling for weather, soil quality and management practices, using farm-level data for the eastern United States.  Ozone pollution was found to reduce yields for both crops.  The mean elasticity of yield with respect to ozone exposure was -0.19 for corn and -0.54 for soybeans.  The benefits of ozone standards to protect crops, measured in terms of crop revenues, range from $17 to $82 million depending on the stringency of the standard.  Over 85 percent of the revenue gains are captured by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31603

ECO-LABELING STRATEGIES: THE ECO-PREMIUM PUZZLE IN THE WINE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delmas,   Magali A.; Grant,   Laura E.
Eco-labeling signals that a product has been eco-certified. While there is increasing use of eco-labeling practices, there is still little understanding of the conditions under which eco-labels can command price premiums. In this paper, we argue that the certification of environmental practices by a third party should be analyzed as a strategy distinct from although related to the advertisement of the eco-certification through a label posted on the product. By assessing eco-labeling and eco-certification strategies separately, we are able to identify benefits associated with the certification process independently from those associated with the actual label. More specifically, we argue in the context of the wine industry that eco-certification can provide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Organic wine; Wine market; Price premium; Eco-wine; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37325

California Agriculture Dimensions and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
The Evolution of California Agriculture 1850-2000, by Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode; Cross Sections of a Diverse Agriculture: Profiles of California's Agricultural Production Regions and Principle Commodities, by Warren E. Johnston; The Measure of California Agriculture and Its Importance in the State's Economy, by Daniel Sumner, Jose E. Bervejillo and Nicolai V. Kuminoff; Marketing California's Agricultural Production, by Hoy F. Carman, Roberta Cook and Richard J. Sexton; International Trade and the Road Ahead for California Agriculture, by Tiffany Arthur, Colin Carter, and Alix Peterson Zwane; Commodity Policy and California Agriculture, by Daniel A. Sumner and Henrich Brunke; Water Infrastructure and Water Allocation in California, by Richard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11917

CONTROL OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION THROUGH VOLUNTARY INCENTIVE-BASED POLICIES: AN APPLICATION TO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN NEW YORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
A voluntary program is developed to achieve environmental goals through the self-interested choices of farmers under environmental risk and asymmetric information.  Farmers behave to maximize expected net returns, and environmental quality standards are formulated through chance constraints.  Because the government may not know each farmer's soil type, policy options must be self-selecting.  The model is applied empirically to nitrate leaching and runoff from corn production in three New York regions.  Asymmetric information between producers and the government would impose additional cost burdens on society, but these costs are modest in the context of other farm programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31421

Practical Issues Concerning Temporary Carbon Credits in the CDM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Schlamadinger,   Bernhard.
Afforestation and reforestation (AR) projects in the Clean Development Mechanism are able to create emission permits that can be accounted against the industrialized countries' commitments for limiting their greenhouse gas emissions, as agreed under the Kyoto Protocol. The discussion of how to treat credits from temporary carbon stocks is centering on the proposal for expiring emission credits from AR, which in the subsequent commitment period need to be replaced. While the basic methodological question is thus being solved, the practicalities arising from the solution have so far not been considered. The authors make new proposals on accounting modalities, define the tCER value as compared to a permanent CER, and forecast who will be the potential buyers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26241

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA: A LEGACY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, POLICY FAILURE, AND COASTAL DECLINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Albuquerque,   Klaus; McElroy,   Jerome L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11913

Non-Market Values and Optimal Marine Reserve Switching
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamazaki,   Satoshi; Grafton,   R. Quentin; Kompas,   Tom.
A stochastic bio-economic model is constructed to analyse the effects of marine reserve ‘switching’ between a ‘no take’ area and a harvested area. The model accounts for both market and non-market values of the fishery. Estimated parameters from the red throat emperor fishery from the Great Barrier Reef are used.   Simulations show that an optimal switching strategy is, under a range of scenarios, preferred to fixed reserve and no reserve strategies.  An important outcome is that the non-market values associated with the size of the fishery substantially affect both the returns from switching and the closure time.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marine reserves; Stochastic control; Non-market values; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; Q22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94825

An Optimal Application of Swine Effluent in Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle Determined by Bayesian Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phetcharat,   Chaowana; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Hattey,   Jeffory A.; Warren,   Jason G.; Vitale,   Jeffrey D.; Park,   Seong Cheol.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Swine Effluent Irrigation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108549

Combating the Crisis: Managing Watersheds for Economic Profit and Environmental Quality Improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez,   German; Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes.
Phosphorus runoff has generated water quality degradation, spawning legislative and regularity actions in several watersheds in Northwest Arkansas. Best management practices (BMPs) can be viable alternatives in dealing with nutrient excess. The profitability of several BMPs deemed effective in addressing such concerns is examined in one Northwest Arkansas watershed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35295

The Benefits and Costs of Informal Sector Pollution Control: Mexican Brick Kilns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Newbold,   Stephen C.; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Cook,   Joseph H.
In developing countries, urban clusters of manufacturers which are "informal"-small-scale, unlicensed and virtually unregulated-can have severe environmental impacts. Yet pollution control efforts have traditionally focused on large industrial sources, in part because the problem is not well understood. This paper presents a benefit-cost analysis of four practical strategies for reducing emissions from traditional brick kilns in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. To our knowledge, it is the first such analysis of informal sources. We find very significant net benefits for three of the four control strategies. These results suggest that informal polluters should be a high priority for environmental regulators.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Informal sector; Air pollution; US-Mexico Border; Brick kiln; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; O17; O54; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10532

Cost-Responsiveness of Conservation Practice Adoption: A Revealed Preference Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
While there is current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals, relatively little is known about the influence of cost on conservation adoption decisions or about how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package. Using farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit installation costs, this study estimates latent demand models for seven on-farm conservation practices. All of the practices exhibit downward-sloping demand. Topographical variations in adoption conform to expectations. The estimation results suggest that cost sharing should have substantial effects on the adoption of several practices, and indicate strong complementarity among others.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation technology adoption; Cost-sharing; Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP); Green payments; Soil conservation; Water quality protection; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30920

Land allocation policy and conservation practices in the mountains of Northern Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saint-Macary,   Camille; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
In Vietnam, a quasi-private property regime has been established in 1993, with the issuance exchangeable and mortgageable land use right certificates. Using primary qualitative and quantitative data, this paper investigates the role of the titling policy in fostering the use of soil conservation practices by upland farmers in the northern mountains region. There, population growth and growing market demands have induced farmers to intensify agricultural production onto steep slopes. While poverty has been reduced, environmental 16 problems such as soil erosion, landslides, and declining soil fertility have become severe over the past years. Our findings suggest that soil conservation technologies although relatively well known are perceived as being...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land titling; Technology adoption; Upland agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; O13; Q24; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51763

Trade negotiations (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Chris.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97616

Bangladesh's Performance and the Millennium Development Goals: A Sketch of Progress
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Provides a sketch of Bangladesh’s socio-economic performance in the light of the UN’s Millennium Development Goals.  After providing some background on these goals and on Bangladesh, this article considers trends in the incidence of poverty and hunger in Bangladesh, access to education and gender equality in Bangladesh, child mortality and maternal health, the incidence of important diseases in Bangladesh and Bangladesh’s progress in achieving environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to its use and development of its energy resources.  In addition, Bangladesh’s involvement in global partnerships providing financial and other assistance to it are considered.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Millennium Development Goals; Bangladesh; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123454

Larger Farms, Environmental Policy Affecting Manure Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McBride,   William D.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124214

A THRESHOLD VALUE ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED FOREST RESERVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Threshold Value Analysis (TVA) may be a useful input into natural resource decision making when non-market values are involved. The decision rule under a TVA is to protect a natural resource if the (non-marketed and unquantified) benefits so arising are deemed to be greater than a threshold value defined by the (marketed and quantified) developmental benefits foregone. In this paper, threshold values are calculated for a range of forest protection options being considered under the Regional Forestry Agreements being negotiated in New South Wales. A static analysis is first undertaken. This is then enhanced by the incorporation of factors that affect the alternative streams of value through time. Extensive sensitivity testing to demonstrate the impact of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123768

Klum@Gtap: Introducing Biophysical Aspects of Land-Use Decisions Into a General Equilibrium Model a Coupling Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ronneberger,   Kerstin; Berrittella,   Maria; Tol,   Richard S.J.; Bosello,   Francesco.
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated impacts of climate change on global cropland allocation and its implication for economic development. The methodology is innovative as it introduces dynamic economic land-use decisions based also on the biophysical aspects of land into a state-of-the-art CGE; it further allows the projection of resulting changes in cropland patterns on a spatially more explicit level. A convergence test and illustrative future simulations underpin the robustness and potentials of the coupled system. Reference simulations with the uncoupled models emphasize the impact and relevance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12030

Using Alternative Regulatory Instruments to Control Fixed Point Air Pollution in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Harrington,   Winston.
Should developing countries eschew conventional command and control regulatory instruments that are increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on 'alternative' instruments based on economic incentives and community pressure? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to fixed point air pollution. The paper discusses the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of alternative instruments, reviews both industrialized country and developing country experiences with them, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that regulators in developing countries typically operate under severe financial and institutional constraints. Given these constraints, pure economic incentive instruments are generally not practical since they involve...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Economic incentives; Informal regulation; Developing country; Industrial air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; O13.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10689

Towards the Optimal Management of the Northeast Arctic Cod Fishery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richter,   Andries; Eikeset,   Anne Maria; Stenseth,   Nils Chr.; van Soest,   Daan P.
The objectives pursued by governments managing fisheries may include maximizing profits, minimizing the impact on the marine ecosystem, or securing employment, which all require adjusting the composition of the fishing fleet. We develop a management plan that can be adapted to those objectives and allows the regulator to compare the long-run profits between the various management options. We apply the model to the case of Northeast Arctic cod, and estimate the cost and harvesting functions of various vessel types, the demand function, and a biological model to provide key insights regarding the optimal management of this valuable fish species.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Northeast Arctic Cod; Norway; Production Functions; Harvest Control Rule; Fleet Structure; Multiple Objectives.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108249

VOLUNTARY ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK TRADEOFFS IN CROP PROTECTION DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
An indirect utility model is employed for measuring farmers willingness to voluntarily accept yield losses for a reduction in environmental risk by decreasing pesticide use.  Results support the hypothesis that farmers have self-described risk perceptions that enable them to make assessments of risk-yield tradeoffs.  Policies designed to encourage and assist farmers making voluntary pesticide reductions can result in environmental risk reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pesticides. regulation; Environmental policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16654

Documentation of model components EXPAMOD and CAPRI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adenauer,   Marcel; Perez Dominguez,   Ignacio; Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Heckelei,   Thomas; Romstad,   Eirik; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57918

ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: USING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TO STRUCTURE SUPPLY CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagelaar,   Geoffrey J.L.F.; van der Vorst,   Jack G.A.J.
In recent years increasing attention has been given to environmental supply chain management (ESCM).  One of the supporting instruments of ESCM is life cycle assessment (LCA).  The idea of integrating LCA into supply chains is gaining more support among research institutes and companies.  However, we conclude that there are no guidelines for this integration.  In this paper we argue that inline with a differentiation between environmental care chain strategies and environmental chain performances, a differentiation between types of LCAs should be made; i.e., between compliance-, process- and market-oriented LCAs.  To execute these different types of LCAs, the chain structure should be attuned to meet the specific requirements of these types.  By discussing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34459

Risk Belief, Producer Demand, and Valuation of Improved Irrigations: Results from Field Experiments in Mt. Kilimanjaro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muamba,   Francis; Kraybill,   David S.
This paper systematically estimates the potential benefit of introducing improved irrigation schemes in Mt. Kilimanjaro to help rain dependent farmers cope with the risks of climate change. The study uses Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to elicit farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for eliminating the risks of crop loss by accessing improved irrigation schemes. Data for the analysis were gathered using a double bounded survey from over 200 randomly-sampled farmers in 15 villages. The study makes a contribution to the applied welfare literature and should also be useful for policymakers in Africa. The policy contribution consists of valuation of improved irrigation in the presence of climate change risks. The applied welfare contribution consists of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to Pay; Climate Change; Irrigation; Risk Belief; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12; Q18; Q25; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61653

The Future of Wetlands Mitigation Banking
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Scodari,   Paul F.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93332

THE VALUE OF SPATIAL INFORMATION IN EVALUATING POLLUTION CONTROL POLICIES IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.
Water quality and the need for pollution control in agriculture are well-established concerns in the United States.  This paper addresses the effectiveness of using site-specific or spatial information to predict farm responses to a practice-standard NPS pollution control policy and the associated compliance costs.  In this study a phosphorous-based nutrient management plan was used to evaluate four scenarios which make use of different amounts of information about farm characteristics.  Results indicate more accurate predictions can be made using spatial information but there exists a need for further research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20647

CHEATING ON NONPOINT MARGIN: HOW MUCH MIGHT IT COST?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
Trading of pollution permits with banking and borrowing can achieve an optimal distribution of abatement across agents and time.  However, when the environmental constraint is binding under imperfectly observed abatement practices, there is an incentive for sources to misrepresent their activities.  This cheating can erode the efficiency of a permit system in achieving an environmental standard, but it is shown that this incentive to cheat causes similar efficiency losses in a command-and-control mechanism employing a uniform reduction policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading system; Asymmetric information.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21856

Resources Management within Nature Reserves in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xue,   Dayuan.
This paper summarized existing national administrative system for nature reserves and described relevant legislation and concrete stipulations on resources management within nature reserves in China. It also concluded the present status for resources' utilization within reserves and their benefits, and revealed the problems arisen from the resources' development. Furthermore, based on the analyses for existing problems, the paper presented a series of suggestions for management of the resources' utilization within nature reserves in China by revising legislation, reforming economic policies, establishing management mechanism, environmental monitoring system and technical guidelines and standards, and allocating reasonably the benefits produced from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48362

Coping with Climate Change in Agriculture: A Portfolio Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Asseldonk,   Marcel A.P.M.; Langeveld,   J.W.A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/18/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Portfolio analysis; Climate change; Crop growth models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9247

MANAGING NUTRIENT LOSSES: SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS ON THE POTENTIAL WATER QUALITY EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   C. Edwin; Crowder,   Bradley M.
Over-application of manure on cropland can cause water quality degradation.  This paper reports a modeling approach for assessing tradeoffs among manure storage and handling systems as they relate to the nutrient loadings in cropland runoff, including nitrate losses to groundwater.  The CREAMS simulation model provided estimates of nutrient losses.  A linear optimization model was used to determine the income-nutrient loss tradeoffs.  Six-month storage was profitable for farmers with average-size dairy herds, but compared to daily spreading caused increased nitrate leaching through the soil to groundwater resources.  Twelve-month storage systems decreased farm profitability while decreasing the total nitrogen losses from farm fields.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29060

Measuring Biodiversity – an axiomatic evaluation of measures based on genetic data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerber,   Nicolas.
Biodiversity measurement is necessary to evaluate conservation alternatives and understand how to maximize biodiversity returns on conservation budgets. In the economics literature, most studies focus on species level diversity. Existing measures based on species' pairwise genetic differences do not perform optimally. This paper develops two new biodiversity measures within the same genetic framework. An axiomatic diagnosis for this class of measures is proposed and four biodiversity measures are then compared. Though the axiomatic comparison points towards a single "best" measure, it also indicates that the choice of measure should be dependent on the conservation problem at hand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Measurement; Axiomatic approach; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51305

Land use policies and practices for reducing vulnerability in rural Tajikistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Wolfgramm,   Bettina.
Tajikistan, with 93% of its surface area taken up by mountains and 65% of its labor force employed in agriculture, is judged to be highly vulnerable to risks, including climate change risks and food insecurity risks. The article examines a set of land use policies and practices that can be used to mitigate the vulnerability of Tajikistan’s large rural population, primarily by increasing family incomes. Empirical evidence from Tajikistan and other CIS countries suggests that families with more land and higher commercialization earn higher incomes and achieve higher well-being. The recommended policy measures that are likely to increase rural family incomes accordingly advocate expansion of smallholder farms, improvement of livestock productivity, increase...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Vulnerability to risks; Rural incomes; Agriculture; Land use policies; Tajikistan; Climate change risks; Sustainable land management; Transition countries. Tajikistan; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119834

Green payment programs, asymmetric information and the role of fixed costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arguedas,   C.; Meijerink,   Gerdien W.; van Soest,   Daan P.
Many conservation programs offer financial compensation to farmers in exchange for socially desired services, such as soil conservation or biodiversity protection. Realization of the conservation objective at minimum cost requires payments to just cover the extra costs incurred by each individual (type of) farmer. In the presence of information asymmetries regarding costs, incentive-compatible contracts can be designed to mitigate excess compensation, but these typically only provide partial improvement because of several distortions. We argue that these distortions are inevitable only if all conservation costs are variable in nature. If there are fixed costs too, we find that the least-cost solution can be incentive compatible. We identify the exact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Environmental benefits; Mechanism design; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44320

When the Tide is High: Estimating the Welfare Impact of Coastal Erosion Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Yvonne.
A choice experiment was undertaken at Buffalo beach, Whitianga, in order to investigate beach visitors’ preferences for various coastal erosion management options. Constructing rock seawalls is a common response to coastal erosion but seawalls can negatively affect visual amenity, biodiversity and recreational values. The choice experiment results from this study show that the average visitor would be willing to pay $20 per year to remove an existing rock wall at either end of Buffalo beach. Visitors place high value on useable sandy beaches and reserve areas behind the beach. A latent class analysis reveals there are distinct sub-groups with varying preferences for beach characteristics. This paper presents a model with separate classes for residents and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115414

Valuing international marine resources: A meta-analysis on the Baltic Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahtiainen,   Heini.
The study uses meta-analysis to provide insights into the value of international marine resources, illustrating the issue with the case of the Baltic Sea. Willingness to pay for water quality improvements varies systematically with factors such as a country’s income level, characteristics of the change in water quality, water body type, study year and methodology. The results of the meta analysis are applied to benefit transfer in order to assess the distribution of the benefits of marine protection measures between the Baltic Sea countries and to compare the results with previous research. The net benefits of protecting the Baltic are positive, but they are asymmetrically distributed between the littoral countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; Water quality valuation; Marine areas; The Baltic Sea; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q26; Q51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48915

Analysis of Participation in Multifunctional Agriculture:  U.S. Rice Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tur Cardona,   Juan; Wailes,   Eric J.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Danforth,   Diana M.
Multifunctional agriculture is particularly fundamental to some working lands conservation policies and programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP), Conservation Security Program (CSP) and Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP). Farmers can also be engaged in providing recreational and agri-tourism services such as hunting, fishing, bird-watching, farm tours, petting zoos and hospitality services. Using the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) we analyze factors associated with participation in conservation, recreation and agri-tourism activities as a function of farm structure, farm financial measures, production practices, and socio-demographic characteristics of the farm operator. To estimate the functional...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional agriculture; Agri-environmental policy; Rice; Logistic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q26; Q28.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119750

South Africa's Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polcyn,   Tania; Vojtech,   Václav.
South Africa has undergone enormous economic, social and political change since its democratization process began in 1994. This policy note provides a preview of key findings of the OECD's agricultural policy review for South Africa.  Over the last 15 years, with the abolition of apartheid, South Africa has experienced fundamental change led by dramatic policy reforms aimed at creating a more open and market-oriented economy. As a part of the democratization process, the South African government has directed its macroeconomic policy towards stabilizing the economic environment, attaching high importance to the confidence of domestic entrepreneurs and the international community.  South Africa defines its agricultural policy objectives in the context of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: OECD; Economic change; Democratization process; Economic reforms; Agricultural economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52065

Divergent Time Scales in a Coupled Ecological-Economic Model of Regional Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Yong; Jayaprakash,   Ciriyam; Irwin,   Elena G.
This paper establishes a coupled human-ecological model where slow-varying migration is interacting with fast-varying nutrient dynamics in lake ecology. The nonlinearity and fast-slow dynamics built in the model can generate regime shifts (that is, shifts between different equilibrium states) and slowly-reversible ecological changes. Because ecological conditions do affect and are affected by uncoordinated individual decisions on migration and land-use, the policy challenge does not only lie in the optimal use of ecological service but also in the provision of the right incentives that regulates individual behavior. The possibility of regime shifts and slowly-reversible changes in this coupled model makes policy analysis more interesting and technically...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6195

Hedonic Valuation of Timber Stands in the Great Lakes Northern Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Susan Sou-I.
Forests and timber are important natural resources in the state of Michigan. Forestlands make of 53% of the total land area and the forest related industry and manufacturing sector in Michigan generate approximately $12 billion to the state’s economy.  Though forestry related industry and manufacturing is a multi-billion dollar industry that affects millions of acres of land in Michigan, there have been few recently published articles regarding timber stumpage appraisal in the state particularly about the northern hardwood forests.  This paper uses a hedonic timber stumpage appraisal model to calculate stumpage value for state managed forests. The model uses data from Michigan Department of Natural Resources to estimate the affect of various parameters on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Forests; Hedonics; Stand valuation; Stumpage value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23 Forestry; Q51 Valuation of Environmental Effects.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98072

What is the Difference in Profit per Acre between Organic and Conventional Coffee?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Jennifer; Dicks,   Michael R.
The research addresses the economic problem of deforestation.  A contributing factor to deforestation is coffee production. Coffee is an indigenous plant that is naturally occurring in the native tropical forests. However, conventional coffee is grown on cleared forest soil. In the native forest there is the potential for additional fruits (bananas, mangoes, avocados) and wood products while in the conventional coffee production system the only product is coffee.  Conventional coffee production often causes deforestation and soil erosion while the organic coffee production system does not. In addition, the price risk associated with the coffee monoculture is high and has proven disastrous to the sustainability of coffee production in past years. Thus,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Inputs; Outputs; Species variation; Costa Rica; Organic; Conventional; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119864

Status-Seeking in Hedonic Games with Heterogeneous Players
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazarova,   Emiliya A.; Dimitrov,   Dinko.
We study hedonic games with heterogeneous player types that reflect her nationality, ethnic background, or skill type. Agents' preferences are dictated by status-seeking where status can be either local or global. The two dimensions of status define the two components of a generalized constant elasticity of substitution utility function. In this setting, we characterize the core as a function of the utility's parameter values and show that in all cases the corresponding cores are non-empty. We further discuss the core stable outcomes in terms of their segregating versus integrating properties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coalitions; Core; Stability; Status-seeking; Environmental Economics and Policy; C78; J41; D71.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96838

QUANTIFYING THE BENEFITS OF CONSERVATION AUCTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM AN ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven.
Building on available theory, this work uses controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the budgetary and the economic performance of competitive tenders for allocating conservation contracts to landholders. Experiments have been replicated in two different countries to check for robustness of results. We find that auctions outperform the more traditional fixed-price schemes only in the one-shot setting. With repetition, the auctions quickly lose their edge. Our results suggest that previous estimates of conservation auction performance are too optimistic.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation auctions; Agri-environmental policy; Experimental economics.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7616

Pollution and Land Use: Optimum and Decentralization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hochman,   Oded; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Arnott,   Richard J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6180

Nonpoint Source Pollution, Incomplete Information and Learning : An  Entropy Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Howitt,   Richard E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35777

General Equilibrium Benefit Transfers for Spatial Externalities: Revisiting EPA's Prospective Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Sieg,   Holger; Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Walsh,   Randy.
Environmental policy analyses increasingly require the evaluation of benefits from large changes in spatially differentiated public goods. Such changes are likely to induce general equilibrium effects through changes in household expenditures and local migration, yet current practice "transfers" constant marginal values for even the largest changes. Moreover, it ignores important distributional effects of policy. This paper demonstrates that recently developed locational equilibrium models can provide transferable general equilibrium benefit measures. Our results suggest that taking account of the potential for adjustment and household heterogeneity is important. Applying benefits estimated from this method to the effect of the Clean Air Act amendments in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air quality; Clean air act; Non-market valuation; Tiebout model; Environmental Economics and Policy; H41; Q25; R13.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10820

Potentieller Beitrag der Landwirtschaft zur Verminderung der Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wegener,   Jens Karl; Lucke,   Wolfgang; Heinzemann,   Jorg.
In 2002, the German agricultural sector contributed 8.7 % of the total national green house gas emissions. The main sources were animal digestion, manure management and agricultural soils. From the technical point of view, the manure management has the biggest potential of green house gas reduction by using biogas technology. Thereby methane emission from manure, which otherwise had been emitted into the atmosphere, can be recaptured and used to substitute fossil fuels. Regarding the whole output of manure from cattle and swine in Germany, the emission reduction is 56 Mio. t CO2-equivalent. This amount is equivalent to 4.5% of the emissions in 1990/95 for the Kyoto protocol. Regarding the biomass potential which is technically feasible at the moment, the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biogas; EU-emission trading; Kyoto protocol; Agriculture; Germany; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97186

Potentials and Limits of Bayesian Networks to Deal with Uncertainty in the Assessment of Climate Change Adaptation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catenacci,   Michela; Giupponi,   Carlo.
Bayesian networks (BNs) have been increasingly applied to support management and decision-making processes under conditions of environmental variability and uncertainty, providing logical and holistic reasoning in complex systems since they succinctly and effectively translate causal assertions between variables into patterns of probabilistic dependence. Through a theoretical assessment of the features and the statistical rationale of BNs, and a review of specific applications to ecological modelling, natural resource management, and climate change policy issues, the present paper analyses the effectiveness of the BN model as a synthesis framework, which would allow the user to manage the uncertainty characterising the definition and implementation of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adaptation to Climate Change; Bayesian Network; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59385

THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE - A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matei,   Mirela; Stancu,   Adrian; Vukovic,   Predrag.
Global climate changes are taking place and its impacts on economy are already occurring in fields like tourism, agriculture, forestry, infrastructure, insurance industry or capital market. Specialists draw attention that climate change has negative effects and positive effects. For example, in some parts of Europe, especially in north, the agricultural may benefit from temperature rise increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The most important part of these changes is due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activity. Between greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest contributor with a weight around of 80 % of total GHG emissions. The agriculture is the most affected sector by the climate change, but agricultural activities...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57350

A Qualitative Assessment of the Benefits and Costs of On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans in the Beef Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Wasylyniuk,   Chad R.; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Larue,   Bruno; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Gray,   Richard S.
This series of six reports entitled: "On-Farm Food Safety and Environmental Farm Plans: Identifying and Classifying Benefits and Costs" was initiated soon after the launch of the Agricultural Policy Framework (APF) in 2002. The APF recognized the importance of food safety and environmental concerns for the future growth of the agriculture and Agri-food sector. For this reason, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) commissioned this series of reports to develop a conceptual framework to strengthen our understanding of the potential benefit and cost implications of On-farm Food Safety (OFFS) and Environmental Farm Plans (EFP) that were key components of the APF. The reports were prepared by a group of academics with extensive knowledge of the agriculture...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55299

Carbon Sinks and Reservoirs: The Value of Permanence and Role of Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Scientists are enthusiastic about storing carbon in terrestrial sinks and geological reservoirs in order to obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil-fuel use. Estimating relative costs of various options depends on how permanence is assessed and whether physical carbon is discounted. We demonstrate that, in carbon markets, terrestrial sinks credits cannot be traded one-for-one for emission reduction credits and the conversion factor would depend on how long sinks keep CO2 out of the atmosphere as compared with emission reductions and, discounting physical carbon. As a result, the authority could not determine a conversion factor and the market would be required to do so.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset; Carbon sinks; Discounting physical carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37018

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manley,   James G.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Moeltner,   Klaus; Johnson,   Dale W.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are often seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. To determine whether this is true for agriculture, one meta-regression analysis (52 studies, 536 observations) examines the costs of switching from conventional tillage to no-till, while another (51 studies, 374 observations) compares carbon accumulation under the two practices. Costs per ton of carbon uptake are determined by combining the two results. The viability of agricultural carbon sinks is found to vary by region and crop, with no-till representing a low-cost option in some regions (costs of less than $10/tC), but a high-cost option in others (costs of $100-$400/tC). A particularly important finding is that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Costs of soil carbon credits; Conventional and zero tillage systems; Carbon accumulation in soil; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q50.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36994

Public values for improved water security for domestic and environmental use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John; Brouwer,   Roy.
Metrics for evaluating environmental trade-offs can be developed with varying levels of consistency across case study sites. A key issue is whether standard evaluation experiments can be conducted over multiple sites, or whether experiments have to be tailored to each case study application. To test how useful a consistent approach is, choice modelling (CM) has been used in a number of countries. Choice modelling assess the trade-offs households are prepared to make between water use restrictions, maintaining environmental conditions in waterways, and increased water costs.   This research paper reports the results of the Queensland survey. The results show that it is not possible to downplay case study framing issues and that it is not appropriate to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Water; Environment; Framing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94818

A bioeconomic model of carbon trading within an Australian grazing enterprise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gowen,   Rebecca; Rolfe,   John; Donaghy,   Peter.
The Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) and other carbon trading programs have been promoted as alternative sources of income for agricultural producers, particularly those on marginal land. This paper presents the results of a bioeconomic model developed to compare the relative returns from a beef enterprise against changing regrowth management practices to sequester additional carbon and sell carbon offsets. The model is constructed based on a 1000 hectare parcel of land in Central Queensland and is calculated for two landtypes; Brigalow and Eucalypt. Assuming zero transaction costs and a 20 year contract period, a carbon-cattle enterprise has higher returns that a cattle-only enterprise at relatively low carbon prices for both land types. However, results...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Bioeconomic modelling; Grazing economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124311

The Environmental Component of the National Pilot Project Integrated Modeling System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gassman,   Philip W.; Hauck,   Larry M.
This paper briefly describes the environmental component of an integrated modeling system that has been developed for simulating the movement of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from dairy waste disposal fields through the Upper North Bosque River Watershed (UNBRW) stream network in Erath and Hamilton Countries, Texas, as part of the "Livestock and the Environment: A National Pilot Project" (NPP).  The environmental component consists of the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model and the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT).  The APEX model is designed to simulate the edge-of-field nutrient runoff and leaching loadings from the application of solid and liquid manure on dairy waste disposal fields that are subsequently routed through the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18663

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered species and extinction; Wildlife farming; Economics of natural; Mathematical bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q27; C61; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61071

Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Growth and Unemployment in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayinde,   Opeyemi Eyitayo; Ayinde,   Kayode; Memudu,   I. J. B.; Ojehomon,   V.I.
Unemployment which has been identified as the major cause of poverty is a worldwide economic problem. Poverty alleviation has been a great concern to developing countries. The economic burden of unemployment on a society necessitates this study. Consequently, this study analyses the Nigerian agricultural growth rate, its contributions, and examines the linkage and dimension of agricultural growth and unemployment rates. Collected time series data were analyzed with the aid of t – test, Duncan Multiple Range test, Granger Causality test and regression analysis.   Results showed that Nigerian agricultural growth rate has an inverse relationship with unemployment and re – establish the Cobweb supply theory. In addition, increase in agricultural growth...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cobweb supply theory; Granger Causality test; Nigeria; Unemployment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52147

The Incidence of U.S. Agricultural Subsidies on Farmland Rental Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirwan,   Barrett E.
Each year U.S. farmers receive more subsidies than needy families receive through welfare assistance or post-secondary students receive through student aid grants. Yet, who benefits from agricultural subsidies is an open question. Economic theory predicts the entire subsidy incidence should be on the farmland owners. Since non-farmers own nearly half of all farmland, this implies that a substantial portion of all subsidies accrue to non-farmers while a significant share of all farmers receive no benefits. Using a complementary set of policy quasiexperiments, I find that farmers who rent the land they cultivate capture 75 percent of the subsidy, leaving just 25 percent for landowners. This finding contradicts the prediction from neoclassical models. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42714

The Influence of Rebate Programs on the Demand for Water Heaters: The Case of New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wasi,   Nada; Carson,   Richard T.
In the past decade the Australian Federal government and state governments have established a wide range of programs to cut greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors. This paper examines the role of hot water system rebate programs in shifting the existing stock of electric water heaters toward more climate friendly versions using two unique data sets from New South Wales homeowners. The first data set is based on a survey of households who recently purchased a water heater and exploits a natural experiment created by the rebate program to quantify its effects. The other data set is based on a set of stated preference questions asked of households who own an older water heater and will in the reasonably near future face a replacement decision. We find that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change mitigation; Energy conservation programs; Natural experiments; Discrete choice experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100731

Private Forest Landowners’ Response to Incentives for Carbon Sequestration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Taeyoung; Langpap,   Christian.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intermediate Forest Management; Carbon Sequestration; Incentive Payments; Price of Carbon; NIPF; Fuel Treatment; Fertilization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124362

The Environment and the Selection of Aquaculture Species and Systems: An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Environmental conditions play a significant role in the economic success of aquaculture. This article classifies environmental factors in a way that facilitates economic analysis of their implications for the selection of aquaculture species and systems. The implication of on-farm as on-site environmental conditions for this selection are considered first using profit-possibility frontiers and taking into account the biological law of environmental tolerance. However, in selecting, recommending and developing aquaculture species and systems, it is often unrealistic to assume the degree of managerial efficiency implied by the profit-possibility function. It is appropriate to take account of the degree of managerial inefficiency that actually exists, not all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Selection of aquaculture species; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55091

The Use and Opportunity of Cooperative Organizational Forms as an Innovative Regulatory Tool Under the Clean Water Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephenson,   Kurt; Shabman,   Leonard A.
Numerous reforms to introduce financial incentives and flexibility into the Clean Water Act have been proposed.  Cooperative organizational forms that consolidate multiple regulated entities under a single organizational umbrella are an overlooked, but potentially useful avenue for reform. In concept, these new organizational forms would function much like a farmer cooperative – using coordination and consolidation to lower input costs to its members. Illustrations of how cooperative organizational forms can be used to lower costs and enhance regulatory flexibility in both the water quality and wetland programs are provided.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35593

The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time-Series Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Cho,   Yongsung; Koo,   Won W.
The dynamic relationships among trade, income and the environment for developed and developing countries are examined using a cointegration analysis. Results suggest that trade and income growth tend to increase environmental quality in developed countries, whereas they have detrimental effects on environmental quality in most developing countries. It is also found that for developed countries the causal relationship appears to run from trade and income to the environment - a change in trade and income growth causes a consequent change in environmental quality, and the opposite relationship holds for developing countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Developed countries; Developing countries; Environmental quality; Globalization; Time-series analysis; Trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6510

The Winnipeg Principles, WTO and Sustainable Development; Proposed Principles for Reconciling Trade and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
There is a widespread belief that the WTO has made virtually no concessions to environmentalists about their concerns arising from free trade and the process of globalisation. There are concerns that these processes may undermine prospects for sustainable development. Following the United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the International Institute for Sustainable Development was established to advocate policies to support sustainable development within Canada and globally. In 1994, it proposed the Winnipeg Principles as a means for reconciling international trade and development so as to achieve sustainable development. These seven principles are outlined in this article and assessed. Although the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Winnipeg Principles; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48012

Modelling the effects of climate change policy on the NZ livestock sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
The link between trade and the environment has aroused considerable interest both in terms of the impact of trade liberalisation on the environment, and also the impact of environmental policy on production and trade. Of key environmental concern at present is global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Global attempts to limit GHG emissions will also impact on agricultural trade and producer returns, particularly in countries such as NZ, where relatively large proportions of GHG emissions originate from the agricultural sector. This study uses a partial equilibrium agricultural trade model, extended to include production systems and GHG emissions, to analyse the effects of GHG mitigation policies on agricultural production and trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97785

Beyond Copenhagen: A Realistic Climate Policy in a Fragmented World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
We propose a realistic approach to climate policy based on the Copenhagen Agreement to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. We assess by how much the non-binding, although official, commitments to reduce emissions made in Copenhagen will affect the level of world GHGs emissions in 2020. Our estimates are based on official communications to the UNFCCC, on historic data and on the Business-as-Usual scenario of the WITCH model. We are not interested in estimating the gap between the expected level of emissions and what would be needed to achieve the 2°C target. Nor do we attempt to calculate the 2100 temperature level implied by the Copenhagen pledges. We believe these two exercises are subject to high uncertainty and would not improve the current state...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; International Climate Agreements; Climate Policy; Clean  Development Mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; F5; Q01; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98094

Australian economic development and the environment: conflict or synergy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Gillespie,   Robert; Dumsday,   Robert G.
The populist view of economic development and the environment is that advances in one will necessarily result in a decline in the other. Evidence in the Australian context is that the dual goals can be achieved simultaneously. As economic development progresses, the increasing levels of income stimulate greater demand for environmental improvements. The population engages in more environmentally focused consumption and calls for its governments to introduce more policies designed to rehabilitate and protect environmental assets. Concurrently, the increasing levels of wealth allow for increasing expenditure on research and development into production processes that generate greater productivity and less environmental damage. The Australian agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Environmental protection; Agriculture; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6040

Priorities for, and preferred approaches to, management of New Zealand fresh waters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Cullen,   Ross; Shen,   Fujun.
Since 2000 six standardised biennial public surveys of the state of the New Zealand environment have been undertaken. A fresh water case study was included in the 2010 postal survey and in an electronic survey. Desirable futures for New Zealand's fresh water resources, sources of damage to freshwater, preferred management approaches, and views about charges for commercial uses of water are reported. Respondents desire high quality water, are not prepared to trade that off for damaging economic gains, and support charges for commercial uses of water. We report public preferences for tools to manage water use.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public perceptions; Fresh water; New Zealand; Economic instruments; Management; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96943

Recreational trip timing and duration prediction: A research note
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Atakelty; Gao,   Lei.
This paper presents models that predict two recreational fishing trip parameters: the length of a trip and the timing of a trip within a year. A discrete choice (logit) model linking the choice of trip timing to calendar events, the demographic characteristics of anglers as well as the nature of the trip is econometrically estimated. A Tobit model is used to evaluate the relationship between fishing trip length and personal and trip characteristics. The results indicate that timing choice and trip length can be explained well in terms of observable personal and trip variables. Knowledge of these relationships is a useful input to tourism/recreational fishing management as well as to the development of tourism/fishing activity simulation models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Recreational fishing; Trip timing; Length of recreational trips; Tourism simulation; Environmental impact management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97474

Sustainable Development Policies in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caratti,   Pietro; Lo Cascio,   Gabriella.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the actual situation in the shift towards the implementation of Sustainable Development Policies in Europe. The aim is to highlight the key role of the European Union in bringing about sustainable development within Europe and also on the wider global stage. It will show how the European Commission performs its commitment in reaching a sustainable regulation by issuing some documents and declarations.  The paper frames the EU action into an international framework of  strategies, agreements and policies on SD and, at the same time, provides an overview on experiences of SD strategy implementations at the national level, according to the commission pressing on MS to produce their own SD strategy and implement...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12214

Feeding the Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Beyond the Food Miles Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Fournier,   Anne; Gaigne,   Carl.
In this paper, we study the impact of urbanization on the location of agricultural production and the GHG emissions related to transportation activities. We develop an economic geography model where the location of agricultural activities and urban population are endogenous. We show that increasing agricultural yields induce the spatial concentration of agricultural production in the least urbanized region if agricultural transport costs are relatively low and in the most urbanized region otherwise. In addition, interregional trade in agricultural commodities is desirable to reduce GHG emissions, except when urban population is equally split between cities. However, the market may induce too much agglomeration of agricultural production when yields are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Agriculture location; Transport; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q10; Q54; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114350

Environmental Implications of the Foodservice and Food Retail Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davies,   Terry; Konisky,   David M.
The growing size and importance of service sector industries in the U.S. economy raises questions about the suitability of the current environmental management system to deal with perhaps a changing set of environmental concerns. This paper analyzes the environmental impacts associated with the activities undertaken and influenced by two service sector industries- foodservice (e.g., restaurants) and food retail (e.g., grocery stores). This paper is not a definitive analysis of the magnitude of the environmental effects of these industries, but is intended to be a comprehensive survey of the types of environmental implications-positive and negative-of these two service sectors. The foodservice and food retail industries are components of a larger industrial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foodservice; Food retail; Service sector; Environmental impact analysis; Sector environmental profile; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10761

Organic Farms in the EU: Status Quo, Development Strategies and Policy Impacts on Selected Arable and Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haring,   Anna Maria.
Organic farming is increasingly considered in the European Common Agricultural  Policy. Sound evaluations of the effects of policy measures on organic farms in the EU  are needed to face the challenges in future policy design.  The effects of various policy scenarios on profitability and development strategies of  typical organic arable and dairy farms are analysed for the EU-countries Germany,  Denmark, the United Kingdom and Italy. Based on an approach which integrates  simulation modelling and focus groups, profitability of model farms is analysed ex-post  for year the 1999 and their potential development simulated until 2008 under  Agenda 2000 and three alternative policy scenarios. For each policy scenario potential  farm adaptation strategies are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6938

Elephants and the Ivory Trade Ban: Summary of Research Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57807

Pest Control in the Presence of Pest Suppression by Natural Enemies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Wei; Swinton,   Scott M.
The control of pests by their natural enemies represents an important ecosystem service that maintains the stability of agroecosystems and has the potential to mitigate pest control costs both to private producers and to society. Extending the “"economic threshold”" concept, this paper proposes an "“ecological economic threshold”" for pesticide use that takes into account the implicit cost of injury to natural enemies.  By explicitly accounting for natural pest suppression, the ecological economic threshold can potentially make pest management more cost-effective while reducing dependence on toxic insecticides. The threshold is illustrated via an intra-seasonal dynamic bioeconomic model of soybean aphid management in Michigan, USA.  A dynamic programming...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21295

Integrated Hydro-Economic Modelling: Challenges and Experiences in an Australian Catchment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Integrated catchment policies are widely used to manage natural resources in Australian catchments. Integration of environmental processes with socio-economic systems is often difficult due to the limitations of decision support tools. To support assessments of the environmental and economic trade-offs of changes in catchment management, fully integrated models are needed.   This research demonstrates a Bayesian Network (BN) approach to integrating environmental modelling with economic valuation. The model incorporates hydrological, ecological and economic models for the George catchment in Tasmania. Choice experiments were used to elicit information about the non-market costs and benefits of environmental changes. This allows the efficiency of alternative...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Hydro-economic modelling; Integrated catchment modelling; Ecological modelling; Valuation; Bayesian networks; Water quality; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94815

Adoption of Environmental Management Systems by Farmers: An Empirical Application to ISO 14001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grolleau,   Gilles; Thomas,   Alban.
This article undertakes an empirical investigation of the determinants of voluntary adoption of the ISO 14001 environmental management system by French farmers. The adoption model incorporates the expected profitability of implementing the standard and investigates the impact of prior knowledge on the probability of adopting. Two information measures are considered: a “reported information” indicator and an “estimated knowledge” score. The probit parameter estimates reveal that, while the expected profitability of implementing the standard is a significant determinant of adoption, real and perceive prior knowledge measures play a significant but potentially counterintuitive role.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental management system; ISO 14001; Management-based approach; Probit model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; O33; Q16; Q29.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6323

Public Economic Benefits of Reducing Salinity Discharges: Evidence from California’s San Joaquin Valley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kling,   David M.; Larson,   Douglas M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104527

Watershed Nutrient Trading Under Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
This study evaluates first- and second-best trading policies for regulating watershed phosphorus under asymmetric information. The trading policies are differentiated on the degree to which regulators observe point and nonpoint source abatement efforts. The efficiency losses attributable to these informational asymmetries and those of the second-best policies can be measured in social welfare, and provide regulators the shadow value of foregoing first-best measures. Given representative monitoring costs from national water monitoring programs, it is shown that under asymmetric information, the chosen second-best trading policies outperform first-best policies by 11% in the control of watershed nutrient pollution.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31382

Influence of Conservation of Native Vegetation on Land Values in Moree Plains Shire, NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.
The Native Vegetation Conservation Act was introduced on January 1st 1998 to protect native grassland and woodland in New South Wales. The Act has limited clearing of native vegetation and development to crops and pasture, has protected biodiversity, and may have enhanced soil and water conservation. But an analysis of variations in the prices paid for farm land in Moree Plains Shire, with the complementary hedonic and bargaining methods, shows how buyers, sellers, and the market as a whole, value the characteristics of the land. It shows that the Act has led to substantial losses in land values for the farmers. The Act has imposed higher costs on those who had kept most vegetation, and on those who most need to retain their options to clear and develop....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12903

Environmental regulation and horizontal mergers in the eco-industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan; David,   Maia; Sinclair-Desgagne,   Bernard.
This paper considers the environmental policy and welfare implications of a merger between environment firms (i.e., firms managing environmental resources or supplying pollution abatement goods and services). The traditional analysis of mergers in Cournot oligopolies is extended in two ways. First, we show how environmental policy affects the incentives of environment firms to merge. Second, we stress that mergers in the eco-industry impact welfare beyond what is observed in other sectors, due to an extra effect on pollution abatement efforts; this might lead to disagreements between an anti-trust agency seeking to limit market concentration which can be detrimental to consumer surplus and a benevolent regulator who maximizes total welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-industry; Environmental policy; Horizontal mergers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; D62; H23; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44456

AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E SUSTENTABILIDADE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NOS NÚCLEOS RURAIS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO PIPIRIPAU/DF.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Maria Neuza Da Silva; Wehrmann,   Magda Eva.
A degradação ambiental, originária do modelo de civilização que a humanidade adotou, constitui-se em um dos mais graves problemas da civilização moderna e, o setor agropecuário está sendo considerado, um dos principais fatores dessa degradação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho pretendeu dar uma contribuição ao debate sobre modelos sustentáveis de produção agropecuária no âmbito da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Pipiripau. Essa bacia está inserida no Distrito Federal e no estado de Goiás e, a atividade predominante no âmbito da bacia é a agricultura, especificamente, no segmento da agricultura familiar. Pesquisas feitas nessa área revelam que, o modelo de exploração adotado nessa localidade não é sustentável do ponto de vista ambiental. Nesse sentido,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura; Recursos Hídricos; Ribeirão Pipiripau e Sustentabilidade; Agriculture; Water resources; Pipiripau River and Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113981

Wilderness and Primitive Area Recreation Participation and Consumption:  An Examination of Demographic and Spatial Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bowker,   James Michael; Murphy,   D.; Cordell,   H. Ken; English,   Donald B.K.; Bergstrom,   John C.; Starbuck,   C. Meghan; Betz,   Carter J.; Green,   Gary T.
This paper explores the influence of demographic and spatial variables on individual participation and consumption of wildland area recreation.  Data from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment are combined with geographical information system-based distance measures to develop nonlinear regression models used to predict both participation and the number of days of participation in wilderness and primitive area recreation.  The estimated models corroborate previous findings indicating that race (black), ethnicity (Hispanic), immigrant status, age, and urban dwelling are negatively correlated with wildland visitation, while income, gender (male), and education positively affect wildland recreation participation and use.  The presence of a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Logistic; Negative binomial; Participation; Recreation; Visits; Wilderness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q21; Q26; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43765

The Economics of Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omer,   Amani A.; Pascual,   Unai; Russell,   Noel P.
This paper explores the dynamic effects of biodiversity conservation on agricultural production in the context of specialised intensive farming systems that may be in transition towards more sustainable farming. The focus is on the analysis of the dynamic effects of changes in the levels of agrobiodiversity, on technical change and productivity in intensive agricultural systems. A theoretical model is used to derive hypotheses regarding these linkages that are empirically tested using a stochastic production frontier model with data from a panel of UK cereal farms for the period 1989-2000. The results suggest that the increased agrobiodiversity has positively helped to shift the production frontier outwards. This indicates that agricultural transition from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Intensive agriculture; Productivity; Technical change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24636

An Assessment of the EPA's SO2 Emission Allowance Tracking System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Bohi,   Douglas R.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
On November 8, 1996, various Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials, scholars and industry representatives gathered at Resources for the Future (RFF) to examine the EPA's method for classifying private SO2 allowance transactions by the Allowance Tracking System (ATS). The one-day workshop at RFF was designed to evaluate how well the EPA's classification scheme within the ATS currently meets the needs of constituencies with a vested interest in the allowance trading system, and to determine if other classifications would be more beneficial. The EPA has limited its collection of information to that which is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental goals. In particular, the EPA has interpreted its mission to be one of minimal interference in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Regulated industries; Electric utilities; Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D23; D49; H70; K23; L94; Q25.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10890

How Policy Affects Incentives and Contract Duration in Biomass Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Chenguang.
Policies such as Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) which aim to assist farmers with biomass production may act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, they lure farmers to adopt biomass production in the short term. On the other hand, they can’t be irresponsible for farmers’ abandonment of biomass production in the long run. The paper sharpens this idea in a principal-agent setting and argues that by offering a timely loyalty premium the agents’ take-and-run behavior can be mitigated. Moreover, the model shows that effort and investment in human capital are increasing in loyalty premium when agents decide to continue providing biomass after testing-water contract expires.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: BCAP; Incentive; Contract duration; Take-and-Run; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103335

REDD in the Carbon Market: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Rosa,   Renato.
Deforestation is a major source of CO2 emissions, accounting for around 17% of total annual anthropogenic carbon release. While the cost estimates of reducing deforestation rates vary considerably depending on model assumptions, it is widely accepted that emissions reductions from avoided deforestation consist of a relatively low cost mitigation option. Halting deforestation is therefore not only a major ecological challenge, but also a great opportunity to cost effectively reduce climate change negative impacts. In this paper we analyze the impact of introducing avoided deforestation credits into the European carbon market using a multiregional Computable General Equilibrium model – the ICES model (Inter-temporal Computable Equilibrium System). Taking...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Avoided Deforestation; Climate Change; Emission Trading; General Equilibrium Modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98100

Examining resilience and vulnerability as concepts conditional upon human values: a review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Chazal,   Jacqueline.
Whilst there has been progress in understanding the role that values play in determinations of vulnerability and resilience, I suggest some key points continue to be overlooked. I offer three propositions to describe how values underpin such concepts, summarised as ‘no fixed characterization’, ‘no fixed relationships’ and ‘no fixed trends’. These propositions are not new and have been made in other contexts. Based on a literature review of vulnerability and resilience in the global environmental change area, I elaborate on how these propositions are not adequately accommodated, in particular in relation to ideas of biophysical and social vulnerability, specified versus general resilience, and assignments of desired trend direction (increasing resilience or...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107581

Fiscal Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecologico in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grieg-Gran,   Maryanne.
This paper evaluates an innovative tax revenue-sharing scheme in Brazil, designed to promote the conservation and management of protected areas. Known as the “ICMS Ecologico”, the scheme was introduced by the state of Parana in Brazil and subsequently by several other states. The scheme aims to compensate municipal governments for the loss of potential tax revenue from the designation of protected areas (mainly by the state and federal government). It is also intended to have an incentive effect, encouraging both better management of existing protected areas as well as the designation of new conservation areas. The paper examines the experience with the ICMS Ecológico in the states of Minas Gerais and Rondonia, two states which present a marked contrast in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24135

Systematic Influences of Policy Implementation and Conservation Agents on Willingness to Pay for Land Preservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duke,   Joshua M.; Johnston,   Robert J.
Economists frequently assess willingness to pay (WTP) for land preservation outcomes independent of information regarding policy implementation. The public, however, may not only be concerned with the consequences of land management, but also may have systematic preferences for policy procedures applied to achieve management goals.  This paper examines relationships between WTP for land preservation outcomes and attributes of the policy process, considering stated preferences for farm and forest preservation in two Northeastern states.  The approach departs from traditional welfare assessments in that it does not constrain attributes of the policy process to be utility-neutral.  Results indicate that utility is influenced by policy process attributes, even...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21234

On the Realized Volatility of the ECX CO2 Emissions 2008 Futures Contract: Distribution, Dynamics and Forecasting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chevallier,   Julien; Benoit,   Sevi.
The recent implementation of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in January 2005 created new financial risks for emitting firms. To deal with these risks, options are traded since October 2006. Because the EU ETS is a new market, the relevant underlying model for option pricing is still a controversial issue. This article improves our understanding of this issue by characterizing the conditional and unconditional distributions of the realized volatility for the 2008 futures contract in the European Climate Exchange (ECX), which is valid during Phase II (2008-2012) of the EU ETS. The realized volatility measures from naive, kernel-based and subsampling estimators are used to obtain inferences about the distributional and dynamic properties of the ECX...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 Price; Realized Volatility; HAR-RV; GARCH; Futures Trading; Emissions Markets; EU ETS; Intraday data; Forecasting; Environmental Economics and Policy; C5; G1; Q4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55834

Using the Ricardian Technique to estimate the impacts of climate change on Crop Farming in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Mirza Nomman; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
This study uses the Ricardian valuation technique to estimate the effect of climate change on the crop farming sector in Pakistan. As a main contribution this paper uses a large household level dataset comprising 3336 farming entities to analyze long-term climate impacts on farm net crop revenues. In particular temperature increases in key growing seasons can be harmful. Annual losses for crop farming ranging from 100-200US$ can be expected. Given an average crop net income of 450US$ per hectare, these impacts can be devastating for farmers. The climate impacts will vary across geographic regions. Temperature is found to be the detrimental factor for farming in Pakistan. Precipitation changes seem to have a rather negligible effect.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114217

UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO, CONFLITOS SÓCIO AMBIENTAIS E O ENCURRALAMENTO DAS POPULAÇÕES LOCAIS NO NORTE DE MINAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barbosa,   Romulo Soares; Santos,   Fabio Dias Dos.
Este artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo do processo que envolve a criação de Unidades de Conservação ambiental como fator de encurralamento das populações locais no Norte de Minas, observando os conflitos que decorrem da dinâmica de implantação das Unidades de Proteção Integrais – UPI’s. Desenvolveu-se investigações teóricas e empíricas, da legislação ambiental, do processo de criação de UPI’s na região, aliadas à trabalhos de campo em comunidades atingidas. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade de uma revisão da política ambiental no âmbito da criação de UPI’s como compensação ambiental. As UPI’s se revelam como contraditórias para a efetiva conservação dos recursos naturais. Todavia, as mesmas se mantêm hegemônicas na política de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Unidades de Conservação Ambiental; Conflitos socioambientais; Mediação política; Legislação ambiental; Units of Environmental Conservation; Social conflicts; Political mediation; Environmental legislation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109655

Cost-Effective Reduction of NOx Emissions from Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NOX contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states that is associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOX emissions. Our analysis considers three NOX reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOX SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10677

EUROPEAN RAPESEED AND FOSSIL DIESEL: THRESHOLD COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ziegelback,   Martin; Kastner,   Gregor.
For European operators of biofuels plants there are not many hedge vehicles available to hedge operational margins. Cross hedges for rapeoil (with the rapeseed futures contract) and RME (with the NYMEX diesel futures contract) could be useful instruments. We use recent developments on threshold cointegration approaches to investigate if asymmetric dynamic adjusting processes exist among rapeseed and diesel prices. The results suggest that a threeregime threshold cointegration model suitably explains the dynamics of the data.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedging; Rapeseed; Heating Oil; Threshold cointegration analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114741

Economic analysis of summer fallow management to reduce take-all disease and N-leaching in a wheat crop rotation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Jacquet,   Florence; Reynaud,   Arnaud; Goulevant,   Gael; Jeuffroy,   Marie-Helene; Lucas,   Philippe; Montfort,   Francoise.
This paper addresses the question of summer cover crop adoption by farmers in presence of a risk of yield loss due to take-all disease and climate variability. To analyse the public incentives needed to encourage farmers to adopt summer cover crops as a means of reducing N leaching, we combine outputs from an economic, an epidemiological and an agronomic model. The economic model is a simple model of choice under uncertainty. The farmer is assumed to choose among a range of summer fallow managements and input uses on the basis of the expected utility criterion (HARA assumption) in presence of both climate and take all risks. The epidemiological model proposed by Ennaïfar et al. [1] is used to determine the impact of take all on yields and N-uptake. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Take-all disease; N leaching; Summer fallow management; Wheat rotation; Catch crop adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51726

Induced-Innovation and Invasive Species Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Schaible,   Glenn D.; Lewandrowski,   Jan.
Public policy for managing invasive species has largely focused on preventive measures prior to detection (stage 1) and on the use of chemical/mechanical or biological control measures after the establishment and dispersion of the invasive species (stage 2).  Optimal management policy depends both on the initial stock of the invasive species and on the costs associated with conventional control measures.  However, little attention has focused on how an induced technology such as Bt corn and Bt cotton is developed and adopted by farmers (stage 3), or how it affects the manageability of economic and ecological damages from an invasive species.  This analysis evaluates the optimal allocation of management resources between preventive and control measures for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Preventive measures; Control measures; Induced technology; Hazard function; Optimal control; Comparative dynamic analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60985

Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505

WHAT THE ENVIRONMENT COMMISSIONER REALLY SAID: THE AUDIT OF THE FEDERAL PEST MANAGEMENT REGULATORY AGENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stiefelmeyer,   Kate; Mussell,   Al; Brethour,   Cher.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18125

Trade Policy Implications of Carbon Labels on Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baddeley,   Shane; Cheng,   Peter; Wolfe,   Robert.
Carbon labels providing information about the carbon footprints associated with food products might influence consumer purchases, which would have a differential effect on producers throughout global food chains. We first discuss why any labels work and then describe the mechanics of carbon labels. The novelty of the paper is an examination of the issues members of the WTO have raised about all types of labels since 1995. Although carbon labels are voluntary standards for now, their increasing use could become effectively mandatory. Difficulties for exporters will include the lack of an international standard and the challenge, especially for developing country exporters, of dealing with complex carbon footprint procedures.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Labels; Life cycle analysis; Technical Barriers to Trade; Voluntary standards; World Trade Organization; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121942

Global Climate Policy Architecture and Political Feasibility: Specific Formulas and Emission Targets to Attain 460 ppm CO2 Concentrations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Frankel,   Jeffrey.
Three gaps in the Kyoto Protocol most badly need to be filled: the absence of emission targets extending far into the future, the absence of participation by the United States, China, and other developing countries, and the absence of reason to think that members will abide by commitments.  To be politically acceptable, any new treaty that fills these gaps must, we believe, obey certain constraints regarding country-by-country economic costs.  We offer a framework of formulas that assign quantitative allocations of emissions, across countries, one budget period at a time.  The two-part plan: (i) China and other developing countries accept targets at BAU in the coming budget period, the same period in which the US first agrees to cuts below BAU; and (ii)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q; Q40; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55291

Optimal crop protection against climate risk in a dynamic cost-loss decision-making model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Sonia; Cerda,   Emilio.
Extreme meteorological events have increased over the last decade and it is widely accepted that it is due to climate change. Some of these extremes like drought or frost episodes largely affect agricultural outputs that could face a serious decline. Therefore, additional efforts on technology and adaptation become crucial to reduce the effect of climate change on agricultural production. Protection against adverse weather extremes is a significant component of risk management and large protection decisions need dynamic treatment, such as the vineyards or citrus protection against frost (Murphy et al., 1985), the water management for cereals irrigation in drought shortage contexts, the “options and futures” exchange markets decisions for major crops in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information value; Cost-loss ratio; Dynamic decision models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C6; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51702

LAND REGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND HUNGARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szabo,   Erika.
Land, as it constitutes one of the bases of agricultural production, has a special position in the economic-judiciary surroundings of states. In Hungarian history, land ownership has undergone many radical transitions. The decade starting from the political and land regulation reform is a short time in land tenure. In spite of it, there have been several important changes in land ownership structure. In the 1970s and 80s, large agricultural firms, especially co-operatives and state farms, were common in Hungary. State hegemony was typical of land ownership and use, with rather small, privately owned parcels. Since privatization began after 1989, this tendency has changed, with land owned by farmers. In the following article, I am going to review the laws...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land regulation; Land law; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43578

The Incentives to Participate in, and the Stability of, International Climate Coalitions: A Game-theoretic Analysis Using the Witch Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Duval,   Romain; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper uses WITCH, an integrated assessment model with a game-theoretic structure, to explore the prospects for, and the stability of broad coalitions to achieve ambitious climate change mitigation action. Only coalitions including all large emitting regions are found to be technically able to meet a concentration stabilisation target below 550 ppm CO2eq by 2100. Once the free-riding incentives of non-participants are taken into account, only a “grand coalition” including virtually all regions can be successful. This grand coalition is profitable as a whole, implying that all countries can gain from participation provided appropriate transfers are made across them. However, neither the grand coalition nor smaller but still environmentally significant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Climate Coalition; Game Theory; Free Riding; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; C72; D58; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54281

Irreversible Abatement Investment Under Cost Uncertainties: Tradable Emission Permits and Emissions Charges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua.
A major concern with TEPs is that stochastic permit prices may reduce firm incentive to invest in abatement capital or technologies relative to other policies such as a fixed emissions charge. However, under effcient permit trading, the price uncertainty is caused by abatement cost uncertainties which affect investment under both permit and charge policies. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model of permit trading to show how cost uncertainty affects investment. Differences between the two policies can be decomposed into a general equilibrium effect and a price-vs-quantity effect. Except for the curvature of the payoff functions, uncertainties reduce both effects so that tradable permits in fact help maintain firms' investment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18342

Market-Based Instruments for the Optimal Control of Invasive Insect Species: B. Tabaci in Arizona
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Ellsworth,   Peter; Tronstad,   Russell; Naranjo,   Steve.
Invasive insect species represent perhaps one of the most significant potential sources of economic risk to U.S. agricultural production.  Private control of invasive insect species is likely to be insufficient due to negative externality and weaker-link public good problems.  In this study, we compare a system of Pigouvian taxes with tradable permits for invasive species control.  While the emissions control literature shows that taxes are preferred to permits under cost uncertainty, invasive species control involves correlated cost and benefit uncertainty, so we expect a quantity-based system to be preferred.  Monte Carlo simulations of optimal steady-state outcomes confirm our expectations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Invasive species; Optimal control; Permits; Spatial-temporal model; Taxes.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; H23; L51; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61189

Groundwater Policy Research: Collaboration with Groundwater Conservation Districts in Texas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Weinheimer,   Justin; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Almas,   Lal K.; Golden,   Bill B.; Wheeler-Cook,   Erin.
The unique nature of the Ogallala Aquifer presents interesting and confounding problems for water policymakers who are coping with changing groundwater rules in Texas. The purpose of this article is to link previous efforts in water policy research for the Ogallala Aquifer in Texas with current collaborations that are ongoing with regional water planners. A chronological progression of economic water modeling efforts for the region is reviewed. The results of two recent collaborative studies are presented that provide estimates of impacts of alternative policies on groundwater saturated thickness, water use, net farm income, and regional economic activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Groundwater economics; Ogallala Aquifer; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q30; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117941

Hazardous Activities and Civil Strict Liability: The Regulator’s Dilemma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
This paper addresses the conditions for setting up strict civil liability schemes. For that it compares the social efficiency of two main civil liability regimes usually enforced to protect the environment: the strict liability regime and the “capped strict liability scheme”. First, it shows that the regulator faces an effective dilemma when he has to enforce one of these schemes. This because the social cost of a severe harm (and the associated optimum care effort) is determined independently of any liability regime. This independency has economic consequences. First, victims and polluters pit one against another about the liability regime that the government should enforce. Hence, financially constrained polluters prefer the ceiling of responsibilities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101299

Modeling Biofuels Expansion in a Changing Global Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peters,   May; Somwaru,   Agapi; Hansen,   James M.; Seeley,   Ralph; Dirkse,   Steve.
This paper examines the impact of declining energy prices on biofuels production and use and its implications to agricultural commodity markets. It uses PEATSim, a dynamic partial equilibrium, multi-commodity, multi-country global trade model of the agriculture sector to analyze the interaction between biofuel, crop and livestock sectors.  The ability of countries to achieve their energy goals will be affected by future direction of petroleum prices. A 50 percent decline in petroleum prices (absent of mandates) would result in rapid decline in biofuel use worldwide accompanied by a decline in feedstock and biofuel prices.  About a 21 percent decline in U.S. cost of ethanol production is needed to make ethanol competitive with gasoline and to offset the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; PEATSim; Dynamic partial equilibrium model; Energy prices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51732

Multiplicity of investment equilibria when pollution permits are not tradable
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
We study a model in which the level of environmental regulation depends on abatement costs, which depend on aggregate levels of investment in abatement capital. Firms are non-strategic. When emissions quotas are not tradable, there are multiple competitive equilibria to the investment problem. Allowing trade in permits leads to a unique socially optimal equilibrium. For a given distribution of investment, allowing trade in permits has an ambiguous effect on the optimal level of regulation. Previous results on coordination games with non-atomic agents are applied to the problem of environmental regulation with endogenous investment in abatement capital.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Coordination games; Multiple equilibria; Global games; Environmental Economics and Policy; C79; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7202

Estimating Economic Health Costs of Not Controlling Toxic Water Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Konishi,   Yoshifumi.
The purpose of this paper is to determine what types of information may be important in determining the welfare benefits of preventing toxic water contamination when a given type of toxification occurs (or is likely to occur) in a given setting. It attempts to identify information and behavior issues that need to be considered when policy makers and others wish to obtain reasonable estimates of welfare benefits and weigh them against the economic costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides reasonable "scenarios" for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies (surface water or groundwater). We make use of two country alternatives--one in developing countries and the other in developed countries--to demonstrate, with specific examples of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Welfare costs; Arsenic; Mercury; Atrazine; Information; Water; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25768

Changes In The Regulatory Environment Of New Zealand’s Marine Fisheries 1970 To 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walshe,   Kim.
This paper evaluates changes in the fisheries regulation environment in New Zealand’s marine fisheries from 1970 to 2003. The quota management system was heralded as the introduction of a market based reform, with a move away from input controls to output controls. The QMS impacted primarily on the commercial sector but also the recreational sector. It was hypothesized (by policy advisors and policy makers) that the QMS would lead to less government intervention and less regulation for the commercial sector. The paper presents findings that suggest the expectations of policy makers may have been misplaced.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regulation; Commercial and recreational fishing; QMS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96663

Natural Disasters in a Two-Sector Model of Endogenous Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horii,   Ryo; Ikefuji,   Masako.
This paper studies sustainability of economic growth considering the risk of natural disasters caused by pollution in an endogenous growth model with physical and human capital accumulation. It is shown that economic growth is sustainable only if the tax rate on the polluting input is increased over time and that the long-term rate of economic growth follows an inverted V-shaped curve relative to the growth rate of the environmental tax. The social welfare is maximized under a positive steady-state growth in which faster accumulation of human capital compensates the productivity loss due to declining use of the polluting input.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural disasters; Human capital; Endogenous depreciation; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O41; O13; E22.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97337

The Impact of Global Warming on U.S. Agriculture: An Econometric Analysis of Optimal Growing Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlenker,   Wolfram; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Fisher,   Anthony C.
We link farmland values to climatic, soil, and socioeconomic variables for counties east of the 100th meridian, the historic boundary of agriculture not primarily dependent on irrigation. Degree days, a non-linear transformation of the climatic variables suggested by agronomic experiments as more relevant to crop yield gives an improved fit and increased robustness. Estimated coefficients are consistent with the experimental results. The model is employed to estimate the potential impacts on farmland values for a range of recent warming scenarios. The predictions are very robust and more than 75% of the counties in our sample show a statistically significant effect, ranging from moderate gains to large losses, with losses in the aggregate that can become...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q1; Q2; C5.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25094

Developing Country Participation: The Kyoto-Marrakech Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sari,   Agus.
The US has repeatedly criticized the lack of "meaningful participation" of developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol. I discuss the course of negotiations on developing country participation between the conferences at Kyoto in 1997 and Marrakech in 2001. The reluctance of developing countries to enter into discussions on quantitative emissions targets can be explained by the principle of "common, but differentiated responsibilities" enshrined in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the fact that both per capita cumulative emissions and per capita income are still much lower in developing countries than in the industrialized world. Moreover, the Clean Development Mechanism that generates emissions credits for projects in developing countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International climate policy; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26302

Cod today and none tomorrow: The Economic Value of a Marine Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin; Kompas,   Tom.
The northern cod fishery was once one of the world’s largest capture fisheries. Using data from the fishery, this research calculated the economic value of a marine reserve using a stochastic optimal control model with a jump-diffusion process.   The analysis shows that, an optimal-sized marine reserve in this fishery would have prevented the fishery’s collapse and generated a triple payoff. Even if harvesting had been ‘optimal’ the profits from fishing would have been raised. The recovery time would also have decreased for the biomass to return to its former state and smoothed fishers’ harvests and profits. Following a negative shock, the chance of a catastrophic collapse would have been lowered.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marine reserves; Stochastic control; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94822

Wildlife Damage, Insurance/Compensation for Farmers and Conservation: Sri Lankan Elephants as a Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The interference with agriculture has been recognised as the main cause for the current conflict between farmers and wild elephants in Sri Lanka, as elsewhere in the Asian elephant range. Thus compensating farmers for the damages caused by elephants is essential, if this endangered species is to survive in the long run. This paper explores the practicality of establishing an improved publicly funded insurance/compensation scheme to recompense farmers for the elephant damages. It does so by analysing results from two contingent valuation surveys undertaken in Sri Lanka. We find that possible public support of farmers plus urban dwellers significantly exceeds the financial requirement of the insurance scheme proposed in this study for perpetuity. The article...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public support; Agricultural insurance/compensation; Asian elephant; Human-elephant conflict; Wildlife conservation.; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48958

Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Characteristics and Importance to Climatic Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Materer,   Susan M.; Valdivia,   Corinne; Gilles,   Jere L.
This paper details the importance of indigenous knowledge systems in developing countries around the world. Farmers, communities and households that live in risky environments, have developed intricate systems of diversification that help secure income and food consumption. An integral part of these systems are the knowledge systems that help households plan for future events and decrease uncertainty. Recently indigenous knowledge systems have been given more attention as their importance is addressed in development projects. Unfortunately acknowledgment and understanding of how knowledge systems are used is still not a basic part of all research. This is especially important in the recent advancement of climate and weather forecasting. Scientific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92903

Cost-Benefit Analysis of the protection of Malleefowl in the Lachlan Catchment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greyling,   Tertius; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of an investment in the protection of malleefowl and associated native vegetation in the Lachlan Catchment’s central-west yielded a benefit-cost ratio of 1.4. The CBA is based on project expenditures over the past four years coupled with benefit estimates from a recent Choice Modelling study in the Lachlan Catchment. The project targets the protection of malleefowl on private land which has not yet been surveyed but where the species is known to be present. The CBA is subject to significant uncertainty due to a lack of available data. Nonetheless, sensitivity analysis indicates that the BCR is consistently larger than unity, if marginal in some cases. This suggests that the project is a worthwhile investment at this early...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Benefit-cost ratio; Choice modelling; Malleefowl; Lachlan Catchment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107849

Deforestation Impact on the Household Sustainable Local Development: Nicaragua case, 1998-2005.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
CENTRAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, CAU V INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ENCUENTRO JOURNAL
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: LSMS Survey; MECOVI; Technical Efficiency; Stochastic Frontier; Sustainable Local Development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q: 56; Q: 58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96911

Impacts of Federal Policies and Programs on Wetlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crosson,   Pierre; Frederick,   Kenneth D.
Human activities have resulted in the loss of about half of the original 221 million acres of wetlands in the conterminous 48 states. Federal laws, policies, and programs have had major impacts on the nation's wetland resources. Initially, they encouraged and subsidized the draining and filling of wetlands, the flooding of wetlands behind dams, and the diversion and alteration of streamflows to riparian wetlands. More recently, federal policies have been directed to conserving and preventing further net losses. The focus of this study is on the impacts of federal policies on riparian wetlands, i.e., those formed at the interface of rivers and streams and uplands and that require occasional flooding to maintain the health of their ecosystems. The study...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Land use; Agricultural policy; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; R14.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10579

Interaction Between Food Attributes in Markets: The Case of Environmental Labeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grolleau,   Gilles; Caswell,   Julie A.
Some consumers derive utility from using products produced with specific processes, such as environmentally friendly practices. Means of verifying these credence attributes, such as certification, are necessary for the market to function effectively. A substitute or complementary solution may exist when consumers perceive a relationship between a process attribute and other verifiable product attributes. We present a model where the level of search and experience attributes influences the likelihood of production of eco-friendly products. Our results suggest that the market success of eco-friendly food products requires a mix of environmental and other verifiable attributes that together signal credibility.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14536

Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnston,   Robyn M.; Hoanh,   Chu Thai; Lacombe,   Guillaume; Noble,   Andrew D.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Suhardiman,   Diana; Kam,   Suan Pheng; Choo,   Poh Sze.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Rice; Fisheries; Livestock; Farming systems; Coastal area; Flood plains; Climate change; Environmental effects; Food production; Ecosystems; Water management; South East Asia; Greater Mekong Subregion; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91465

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND POLICIES IN CHINA'S TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taketoshi,   Kazuki.
The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze economic and policy factors affecting pollution by Township and Village Industrial Enterprises (TVIEs) in China and to discuss problems and directions in environmental policies for them. With the rapid growth of TVIEs since the early 1980s, pollution has been spreading into the rural areas. The large number and small size of TVIEs makes it difficult for TVIEs themselves and the government to implement environmental measures. The econometric analyses with the provincial data of National Survey of Pollution by TVIEs (NSPT) show that COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) intensity is decreased by investment in wastewater treatment facilities and by more efficient technologies, indicated by higher labor productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18766

NUTRITION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johns,   Timothy; Eyzaguirre,   Pablo.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16155

Stakeholder involvement in water management using Object-oriented Bayesian networks and economic models in Spain.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carmona,   Gema; Varela-Ortega,   Consuelo; Bromley,   John.
The Upper Guadiana basin, in Spain, presents important conflicts between the agricultural sector and the environment due to their competence for water resources. The high development of irrigation has led to the over-exploitation of the aquifers, which are the main source of water in the area, and to the loss of wetlands of high ecological value. The River Basin Authority (RBA) has recently designed a new water management plan which included a group of measures aimed at reducing water consumption.  Our objective is the development, with the active participation of the stakeholders, of a decision support system composed of an economic model and an object-oriented Bayesian network, used to evaluate the trade-off between agricultural economy and the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bayesian networks; Groundwater management; Stakeholder participation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49897

Assessing Environmental Regulatory Arrangements for Aquaculture
Provedor de dados: 31
'Assessing Environmental Regulatory Arrangements for Aquaculture', was released on 10 February 2004. The paper reviews existing planning and environmental regulatory arrangements for aquaculture in Australia. It reveals significant differences in the way that aquaculture is regulated and administered across states. The regulations and their jurisdictional differences have implications for both the management of aquaculture and the efficiency of resource allocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31905

TURISMO NO ESPACO RURAL: DEBATE E TENDENCIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendonca,   Maria Cristina Angelico de; Batalha,   Mario Otavio; Santos,   Antonio Carlos dos.
Tourism in rural space is a tourism modality which has lately been the focus of investors and students. However there has been little spread of studies focusing such modality, featuring the characteristics of the industry to which it belongs, showing up-to-date discussions and world trends. So, this study, concerned as it is with it, has gathered information on such points and shows that, world-widely, tourism in rural space is an alternative modality that arose in counter-position to mass tourism, has been seen as a solution to poorer regions and, because of this, has been the aim of many investors and students. The industry to which it belongs features characteristics like the complementarity of the segments that make it up and due to this it demands a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tourism industry; Tourism in rural space; Rural sector; Indústria do turismo; Turismo no espaço rural; Setor rural; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101920

Preferences for domestic water services in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kloos,   Julia; Tsegai,   Daniel W.
Using household survey data, this study investigates preferences for domestic water services in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Water is a relative scarce resource in South Africa that is distributed unevenly both geographically and seasonally as well as socio-politically. For a water management addressing the policy objectives of efficiency in use, equity in access and benefits and long-term sustainability, economic valuation of the different water uses is required. In order to detect households' preferences, a choice experiment was conducted. Results suggested the presence of preference heterogeneity and therefore, a latent class model was applied, dividing households into homogeneous groups according to their preferences. Four distinct...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49970

PROPOSALS FOR THE EU ON THE 'MID-TERM REVIEW OF CAP OF AGENDA 2000' WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhou,   Jian-Ming.
How agricultural policies affect the environment is within ecological economics. The EU Commission `Mid-Term Review of CAP of Agenda 2000' of July 2002 proposed to separate production from direct payments, so that farmers would fully compete in the market, without gearing production to the trade-distorting subsidies. The decoupled direct payment to each farm will be conditional upon cross-compliance with the environmental, food safety, animal health and welfare, and occupational safety standards. MTR maintains extra set-aside payment for normal land to avoid overproduction, but no longer for marginal land. This paper suggests not to set aside normal land, because overproduction would be prevented by decoupling; normal land is less environmentally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11844

Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Ungtae; Kaluarachchi,   Jagath J.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrology; River basins; Runoff; Precipitation; Models; Dams; Operating policies; Water power; Drought; Analysis; Africa; Ethiopia; Egypt; Sudan; Upper Blue Nile River Basin; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53025

Environmental Services Programs for the Chesapeake Bay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Rose,   Bob; Stephenson,   Kurt.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Payment for Ecosystem Services; Water Quality; Chesapeake Bay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117405

Positive Analysis of Invasive Species Control as a Dynamic Spatial Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buyuktahtakin,   Esra; Feng,   Zhuo; Olsson,   Aaryn; Frisvold,   George B.; Szidarovszky,   Ferenc.
This paper models control of invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare), a fire-prone African bunchgrass spreading rapidly across the southern Arizona desert as a spatial dynamic process. Buffelgrass spreads over a gridded landscape. Weed carrying capacity, treatment costs, and damages vary over grid cells. Damage from buffelgrass depends on its spatial  distribution in relation to valued resources. We conduct positive analysis of recommended heuristic strategies for buffelgrass control, evaluating their ability to prevent weed establishment and to reduce damage indices over time. The high dimensionality of the problem makes full dynamic optimization intractable. However, two heuristic strategies – potential damage weighting and consecutive year treatment –...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Integer programming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61753

Role of New Zealand Forests in Global Climate Change Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Sohngen,   Brent.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115351

Climate Change Economics and Policy in the Asia Pacific
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank.
The Asia-Pacific region is the major source of global growth in greenhouse gas emissions. Strong action is needed in Asian countries, particularly China and India, to reduce these global emissions. Driven by the desire to limit energy consumption, some Asian countries already have domestic policies to limit greenhouse gas emission. But much more ambitious policies are needed to turn emission trends around. This research report examines the implications of international efforts to mitigate the impacts of human activity on climate in the Asia-Pacific region.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change policy; Indonesia; CDM; Central-local coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94811

Incorporating Environmental Impacts in the Measurement of Agricultural Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ball,   V. Eldon; Lovell,   C.A. Knox; Luu,   H.; Nehring,   Richard F.
Agricultural production is known to have environmental impacts, both adverse and beneficial, and it is desirable to incorporate at least some of these impacts in an environmentally sensitive productivity index. In this paper, we construct indicators of water contamination from the use of agricultural chemicals. These environmental indicators are merged with data on marketed outputs and purchased inputs to form a state-by-year panel of relative levels of outputs and inputs, including environmental impacts. We do not have prices for these undesirable by products, since they are not marketed. Consequently, we calculate a series of Malmquist productivity indexes, which do not require price information. Our benchmark scenario is a conventional Malmquist...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental impacts; Productivity growth; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30911

Well-to-Wheels Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Results and Issues of Fuel Ethanol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Michael Q.
The use of fuel ethanol in the United States has increased from fewer than 200 million gallons (gal) at the beginning of the US fuel ethanol program in 1980 to 6.5 billion gal in 2007. The recent federally adopted Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 established the goal of 36 billion gal of biofuel use in the United States by 2022, of which 15 billion gal will be corn-based ethanol. In addition, the promotion of low-carbon fuel standards (LCFS) by California and several other states could help increased use of ethanol, especially cellulosic ethanol. In the United States, corn ethanol is produced through the fermentation of corn in dry and wet milling plants, most of which are located in the Midwest. In 2006, about 82% of the total US fuel ethanol...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49098

Valuing Ecosystem Diversity in South East Queensland: A Life Satisfaction Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ambrey,   Christopher L.; Fleming,   Christopher M.
The life satisfaction approach has recently emerged as a new technique in the suite of options available to non-market valuation practitioners. This paper examines the influence of ecosystem diversity on the life satisfaction of residents of South East Queensland, Australia. It is found that, on average, a respondent is willing-to-pay approximately AUD$20,000 in household income per annum to obtain a one-unit improvement in ecosystem diversity. This result indicates that the life satisfaction effects of improvements in ecosystem diversity are substantial, and greater than the welfare effects implied by studies using more conventional non-market valuation techniques.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household; Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA); Life Satisfaction; Non-market Valuation; Biodiversity; Ecosystem Diversity; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115347

Climate Policy, Carbon Leakage and Competitiveness: How Might Border Tax Adjustments Help?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve.
In this paper, analysis is presented relating to the impact of border tax adjustments for climate policy on the international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries, and the related problem of carbon leakage.  While many of the economic and legal issues are not particularly new, climate policy does present some possible twists to the analysis of border tax adjustments when vertically-related markets can be characterized as a successive oligopoly.  Specifically, an appropriate border tax adjustment will depend on the incidence of a domestic carbon tax, the nature of competition in upstream and downstream sectors, as well as the basis for assessing the trade neutrality of any border tax adjustment.  If trade neutrality is defined in terms of market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Carbon leakage; Border tax adjustments; Imperfect competition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; H87; Q38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103207

GREEN PAYMENTS AND DUAL POLICY GOALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/27/07
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Cost effect; Green payments; Income support; Information rent; Mechanism design; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18550

Using Multiple-Scenario Contingent Valuation Data to Estimate Willingness to Pay for Restoration of Mississippi’s Barrier Islands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   GwanSeon; Petrolia,   Daniel R.; Interis,   Matthew G.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/02/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent Valuation; Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice; Willingness to Pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98899

The coastal environmental profile of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay, Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental profile; Coastal zone management; Coastal zone; Ban Don Bay; Phangnga Bay; Thailand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44686

Willingness to Pay for Emission Reductions with E85
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Marra,   Adrienne; Clark,   Christopher D.; English,   Burton C.
This study examines consumers' WTP for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from E85 as opposed to gasoline. Data were collected via a contingent choice exercise in a 2009 national online survey. As part of the fuel choice exercise, several fuel attributes were allowed to vary including emission reductions, import level, proximity of fuel availability, price, and fuel blend (E85 or regular gasoline). A random parameters model with demographics and attitudes interacted with emission reductions was estimated. The resulting estimates suggest that, overall the WTP for an emission reduction is not statistically significant.  However, for some demographic and attitudinal profiles, the WTP is significant. An example profile includes younger age, female,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to Pay; Emission Reductions; E85; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q41; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60916

The economics of land degradation and technological change: a case study in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clayton,   Helena; Brennan,   Donna C.
This paper explores the economics of land degradation in the rice-shrimp system in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. A bioeconomic NPV model was developed to evaluate and compare the long-term benefits of alternative production choices and farm technologies. There is an alternative rice-shrimp technology emerging in Vietnam that does not have the same land degrading impacts as the 'traditional' system, however the high capital outlay and risk associated with such technology presents its own problems. In the paper the economic incentives for adoption of the non-land degrading rice-shrimp technology are explored. Conclusions are drawn with regard to the opportunity cost of land degradation and technological change. Some conclusions are also provided on the policy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technological change; Vietnam; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57845

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-7W: "MARKET-BASED CONTROL OF NONPOINT POLLUTION"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shively,   Gerald E.
The focus is on the use of taxes and permits to control nonpoint pollution.  Papers include: Tradable Permits for Controlling Nitrate Pollution of Domestic Groundwater Supplies Cynthia Morgan,  Jay Coggins, and Vernon Eidman,  University of Minnesota.   Point/Nonpoint and Nonpoint/Nonpoint Trading Rules James Shortle, Richard Horan, Marc Ribaudo and Dave Abler.   Nitrogen Sources and Gulf Hypoxia: Potential for Point-Nonpoint Trading Marc Ribaudo, Ralph Heimlich, and Mark Peters.   Green Insurance Versus Green Payments for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Paul Mitchell, Iowa State University.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20797

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94936

Environmental Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
The cost of meeting environmental regulations can be a critical factor in determining the competitiveness of a product, since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim. The existence of negative externalities means that prices are lower than would prevail if all costs where included in the prices of the products. Additional costs associated with new regulations have an effect on the continued importance of a country's agricultural exports. Governments often assist their agricultural sectors in overcoming the disadvantages through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or other means. This assistance increasingly takes the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the WTO limits imposed on domestic subsidies....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Competitiveness; Environment; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23846

Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Environmental policies typically combine the identification of a goal with some means to achieve that goal. This chapter for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics focuses exclusively on the second component, the means - the "instruments" - of environmental policy, and considers, in particular, experience around the world with the relatively new breed of economic-incentive or market-based policy instruments. I define these instruments broadly, and consider them within four categories: charge systems; tradable permits; market friction reductions; and government subsidy reductions. Within charge systems, I consider: effluent charges, deposit-refund systems, user charges, insurance premium taxes, sales taxes, administrative charges, and tax...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market-based policy; Economic incentives; Tradable permits; Emission taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10909

AN AGENDA FOR THE DESIGN AND STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The combination of a general greening of international political debate, and the events of 1992 at the Rio Earth summit have led to great interest in the question of global environmental protection. While it is recognized that international environmental agreements (IEAs) are the means by which the earth’s fragile environment is most likely to be protected, this recognition has been recent. Hence, there is very little formal research on the design and study of IEAs. As such, in this paper, I propose and describe a research agenda for the design and study of IEAs. Very generally, I propose that we frame the IEA design question as a problem in mechanism design. We will then be able to use, inter alia, the theory of common agency and the theory of hierarchies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International; Environmental; Agreement; Design; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; D73; D82; L50.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28353

Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Stabilization and the Inevitability of Adaptation: Challenges for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rose,   Steven K.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Outstanding Choices Article Award, 2009
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94498

Les Marges De Commercialisation Et L’équité Du Commerce Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Tossou,   Kokou A.; Homevoh,   Etsri.
Face à l'inefficacité et l'inefficience des systèmes de commercialisation en ASS, la présente étude tente d’évaluer les marges commerciales et l’équité du commerce du maïs, du sorgho, du gari, de la tomate, de l’oignon, du poisson et du bétail au Togo. Elle conclut que les circuits commerciaux du pays s’intègrent dans un système commercial régional qui se traduit par des flux ouverts sur les pays voisins (Bénin, Ghana, Burkina) et lointains (Niger, Gabon). L’analyse des marges a permis de constater que le commerce des produits alimentaires est en général viable. Toutefois, les marges nettes demeurent modestes. L’analyse de l’équité révèle que la distribution des bénéfices sur les tronçons, n’est pas équitable. Certains acteurs amassent d’énormes profits...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marges commerciales; Équité du commerce; Sécurité alimentaire; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52125

Precíziós növénytermelés növényvédőszer-használatának gazdasági hatásai
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takacs-Gyorgy,   Katalin.
A mezőgazdaság műszaki fejlesztése lehetőséget nyújt a korszerű technológiák széles körű alkalmazására. Ilyen a precíziós növényvédelem, amely egyben a fenntarthatóság kritériumai érvényesítését is szolgálja. Gyakorlati alkalmazása érdemi vegyszer megtakarítást eredményez. Modellszámítás segítségével vizsgáltam a lehetséges megtakarítás közgazdasági összefüggéseit makrogazdasági szinten. A precíziós növénytermelésre történő átállás utáni kemikália-felhasználásban az EU-25-ökben – optimista szcenáriót feltételezve – változatlan hozamszint 340 ezer tonnával kevesebb műtrágya hatóanyaggal, míg növényvédő szerből – jelenlegi dózisszinten – 30 ezer tonnával kevesebb kijuttatásával érhető el. Amennyiben az átálló gazdaságok aránya 30–60% között alakul, a teljes...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Növényvédőszer-környezetterhelés; Megtakarítás; Versenyképesség; Fenntarthatóság; Pesticide emission; Savings; Competitiveness; Sustainability; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99133

Environmental and Economic Impact Assessments of Environmental Regulations for the Agriculture Sector: A Case Study of Potato Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Craven,   Ian.
A multi-year research study was established under the environmental pillar of the Agriculture Policy Framework (APF) to evaluate the role and impact of existing farm level environmental regulations administered by local, provincial, federal governments. The Phase 1 study entitled  "Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector" was released in March 2006 on AAFC online.  There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture. Empirical analysis is required to better understand the exact role that agri-environmental regulations play in determining a farm's cost structure and to compare...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Potato farming; Compliance cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52728

MEASURING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   William G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28903

The Economic and Policy Setting of Renewable Energy: Where Do Things Stand?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darmstadter,   Joel.
This paper looks at the status and prospects of renewables-with particular emphasis on windpower-in the electric power sector. Although renewables account for a steadily rising share of electricity generation in various countries, their role remains small in absolute terms. In part, this is because of technological progress of and successful competition from fossil-fueled generation-notably, combined cycle gas turbines. While diminishing, subsidies continue to be indispensable to the use of renewables in most places. Viability of renewables-based electricity is undermined by the cost of externalities for which fossil energy combustion is only partially charged. A number of countries (and states in the U.S.) have launched obligatory requirements for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Electricity; Windpower; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q21; L94.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10777

Impacts of Expanded Ethanol Production on Southern Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Hudson,   Darren.
This study analyzes the potential impacts of expanded ethanol production on southern agriculture. Results of regression analysis suggest that acreage planted for field crops (corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat) is inelastic with respect to relative prices. The results provide statistical evidence of potential significant acreage shifts favoring corn over cotton, soybeans, and wheat. Simulations indicate that higher corn prices will increase corn acreage, but the South continues to be a deficit corn region. U.S. corn production is capable of supplying domestic demand for ethanol, feed for livestock and poultry, and other uses, while maintaining exports at more than 2 billion bushels annually.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acreage shifts; Corn exports; Ethanol production; Southern agriculture; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47200

Economic, Educational and Conservation Benefits of Sea Turtle Based Ecotourism: A Study focused on Mon Repos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sea turtle based ecotourism; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55110

The Determinants of Individuals’ Attitudes Towards  Preventing Environmental Damage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Garcia-Valinas,   Maria A.
This paper investigates empirically the determinants of individuals’ attitudes towards preventing environmental damage in Spain using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey for the periods 1990, 1995 and 1999/2000. Compared to many previous studies, we present a richer set of independent variables and found that strongly neglected variables such as political interest and social capital have a strong impact on individuals’ preferences to prevent environmental damage. An interesting aspect in our study is the ability to investigate environmental preferences over time. The results show strong differences over time. Finally, using disaggregated data for Spanish regions, we also find significant regional differences.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12229

Assessing national values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
The aim of this study was to estimate the values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at the national level and to examine the effects of distance decay on valuation estimates. A split-sample choice-modelling experiment was conducted in six locations: a regional town within the GBR catchment area (Townsville); Brisbane, the state capital approximately 450 km from the southern limit of the GBR; and four other capital cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth) ranging from nearly 1,000 km to over 4,000 km from Brisbane. The results suggest that the average WTP across Australian households is $21.68 per household per annum for five years. There was some evidence of distance decay in values. Most decline occurred once outside the home...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distance decay; Iconic resources; Choice modelling experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100732

Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chiabai,   Aline; Travisi,   Chiara M.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity; Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50361

An Economic Analysis and Assessment of Impacts of Conservation Practices on Agro-Environmental Conditions in the Lower Bad River Basin of South Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parvez,   Md Rezwanul; Janssen,   Larry; Stover,   Ronald; Reitsma,   Kurt D.; Smart,   Alexander.
In this poster, we report selected socio-economic findings from analysis of the Bad River Water Quality project (BRWQ) implemented in western South Dakota from 1990 through 2004. An overview of various BRWQ project phases are presented, along with analysis of cost of conservation practices applied and local landowners current assessment of the practices implemented from 1990 – 2004.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rangeland conservation; Cost-sharing; Conservation practices; Conservation assessment; Conservation programs; Resource economics; Bad River Water Quality project; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q20.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103718

Impacts of Agricultural Practices and Policies on Potential Nitrate Water Pollution in the Midwest and Northern Plains of the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
An empirical model is developed to estimate the effects of alternative farming practices on potential nitrogen runoff and leaching in 128,591 National Resources Inventory sites across the Midwest and the Northern Plains of the United States. This model integrates the effects of soils, climate, crops, and management practices on nitrogen loss. The model is applied to evaluation of two policy scenarios. The first scenario reduces N fertilizer application rates by 25 percent through the soil N test. The second replaces continuous cropping practices with crop rotations. The results show that policy effects vary widely across the study region. This analysis emphasizes the importance of conducting policy analysis on a disaggregated scale.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farming practices; Nitrogen runoff and leaching; Spatial heterogeneity; Disaggregated policy analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18386

Predicting the Deforestation-Trend Under Different Carbon-Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kindermann,   Georg E.; Obersteiner,   Michael; Rametsteiner,   Ewald; McCallcum,   Ian.
Background: Global carbon stocks in forest biomass are decreasing by 1.1 Gt of carbon annually, owing to continued deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation emissions are partly offset by forest expansion and increases in growing stock primarily in the extra-tropical north. Innovative financial mechanisms would be required to help reducing deforestation. Using a spatially explicit integrated biophysical and socio-economic land use model we estimated the impact of carbon price incentive schemes and payment modalities on deforestation. One payment modality is adding costs for carbon emission, the other is to pay incentives for keeping the forest carbon stock intact.  Results: Baseline scenario calculations show that close to 200mil ha or around 5%...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Carbon Prices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9326

PROBABILISTIC COST EFFECTIVENESS IN AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McSweeny,   William T.; Shortle,   James S.
Conceptual weaknesses in the use of costs of average abatement as a measure of the cost effectiveness of agricultural nonpoint pollution control are examined. A probabilistic alternative is developed. The focus is on methods for evaluating whole-farm pollution control plans rather than individual practices. As a consequence, the analysis is presented in a chance-constrained activity analysis framework because activity procedures are a practical and well developed device for screening farm planes. Reliability of control is shown to be as important as reduction targets in designing farm plans for pollution control. Furthermore, broad-axe prescriptions of technology in the form of Best Management Practices may perform poorly with respect to cost effectiveness.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29907

INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Second Annual Conference on Agricultural Policy and the Environment; Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by University of Minnesota, Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Development Regional Agency (ESAV); University of Padova; Lake Itasca, Minnesota, September 22-29, 1990, Volume III  Contents:  Institutional Arrangements for Managing Water Conflicts and the Role of Transaction Costs, by K. William Easter  Incentives for Nonpoint Pollution Control: An Approach Based on a Principal-Agent Model, by Cesare Dosi and Michele Moretto  Technical and Institutional Innovation in a Bureaucratic Setting: U.S. Land Conservation Policy and the Conservation Reserve, by C. Ford Runge and Vernon W. Ruttan  Institutional Innovation in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14237

What's Powering Wind?  The Role of Prices and Policies in Determining the Amount of Wind Energy Development in the United States (1994-2008)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maguire,   Karen.
This paper focuses on the role of electricity markets and renewable energy regulation in wind development across the United States.  My findings, using a random effects Tobit model with a 25-state sample, from 1994-2008, indicate that the implementation of state Renewables Portfolio Standards (RPS), Green Power Purchase programs (GPP), and the Federal Production Tax Credit (PTC) positively influenced a state’s added wind capacity.  The influence of GPP programs continued to increase in the years after implementation, while for RPS it diminished.  Also, other programs such as State Loan and Grant programs directed at increasing renewable energy development have not had a significant impact on wind capacity.  The role of market factors is less significant,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wind Energy; Energy Policy; Renewable Energy Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103599

Interpreting Sustainability in Economic Terms: Dynamic Efficiency Plus Intergenerational Equity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.; Wagner,   Alexander F.; Wagner,   Gernot.
Economists have expended considerable effort to develop economically meaningful definitions of the somewhat elusive concept of "sustainability." We relate such a definition of sustainability to well known concepts from neoclassical economics, in particular, potential Pareto improvements (in the Kaldor-Hicks sense) and interpersonal compensation. In the inter-temporal realm, we find that dynamic efficiency is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a notion of sustainability that has normative standing as a goal for public policy. We define sustainability as dynamic efficiency plus intergenerational equity. Further, we argue that it is not unreasonable for economists to focus on the efficiency element, leaving equity considerations to the political...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10810

The Evolution of the Agri-Environmental Policies and Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ventura-Lucas,   Maria Raquel; Godinho,   Maria de Lurdes Ferro; Fragoso,   Rui Manuel de Sousa.
Sustainable agriculture implies the exploitation of natural resources now, without compromising the natural resources stocks for the future generations. In the context of the paper, agricultural sustainability takes place at the interface between agriculture and the environment. The focus is on the interplay between farming systems and agri-environmental policies. Agricultural policies have major impacts on soil and water quality and on bio-diversity. Support commodity price policies have lead to serious problems of water pollution; high levels of soil erosion; nitrate losses and lost of biodiversity. The semi decoupeted income support policies and the introduction of the agri-environmental schemes under the 1992 CAP reform were the first attempts to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agri-environmental Policies; Bio-economic Model; Conservation Farming Technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24956

Environmental Policy Issues for Sustainable Economic Development in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   Kimberly M.; Roumasset,   James A.
A central pillar of the sustainability movement is the call to include environmental accounting in standard measures of economic performance. This increased transparency would, in principle, mitigate the temptation of economic managers and policy makers to increase growth in material consumption at the expense of the environment. Moreover, as Repetto (1989) and others have argued, deducting depreciation of produced capital from NNP but not deducting depreciation of natural capital is inconsistent and debases NNP as a possible indicator of welfare. Based on the evidence available, it appears that while GNNP is substantially less than NNP, these adjustments do not adversely compromise existing estimates of economic growth for China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25559

Climate Change and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darwin,   Roy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33645

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT, SOIL FERTILITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruhn,   Peter; Goletti,   Francesco; Yudelman,   Montague.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16236

STOCHASTIC TECHNOLOGY, RISK PREFERENCES, AND THE USE OF POLLUTING INPUTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shankar,   Bhavani; Nelson,   Carl H.; Braden,   John B.
We investigate the comparative static effects of environmental and agricultural policies on pesticide and fertilizer use.  Since such effects depend on technology and risk preference parameters, we estimate these from a panel data set of Illinois farms.  Generalized method of moments is used on a set of nonlinear first order conditions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21011

Tipping Points and Ambiguity in the Economics of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lemoine,   Derek M.; Traeger,   Christian P.
Replaced with revised version of paper Feb 13, 2012 available at http://purl.umn.edu/120349
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Threshold; Climate; Integrated assessment; Regime shift; Ambiguity; Uncertainty; Dynamic programming; Social cost of carbon; Tipping point; Carbon tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54; D90; D81.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98127

Research, development and capacity building for the sustainability of dam development with special reference to the Bui Dam Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raschid-Sally,   Liqa; Twum-Korangteng,   Richard; Akoto-Danso,   Edmund Kyei.
Issue paper prepared for the Ghana Dams Forum February 2008
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dams; Reservoirs; Development projects; Water power; Electrical energy; Electricity supplies; Environmental effects; Social impact; Institutions; Ghana; Bui Dam Project; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91815

Labor requirements and profitability of alternative soil fertility replenishment technologies in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajayi,   Olu Clifford; Akinnifesi,   Festus K.
Low soil fertility is a major concern in agricultural productivity and development policy discourse in sub-saharan Africa. The problem is exacerbated by government withdrawal from fertilizer input markets and the inability of private sector operators to fill the gap. This warranted a search for other nutrient sources to supplement chemical fertilizers. Based on field data collected in Zambia, this study assessed the labor inputs implications of “improved tree fallows”, continuous maize cropping with and without mineral fertilizer and, evaluated the financial profitability of the different land use systems. Results show that agroforestry-based land use systems are more profitable (NPV between $233 and $309 per ha) than farmers’ practice of continuous maize...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Improved tree fallows; Financial analysis; Production economics; Southern Africa; Sustainable agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52185

ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH POLLUTION ABATEMENT VERSUS OUTPUT ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL REDUCTION: AN APPLICATION TO U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schamel,   Guenter; de Gorter,   Harry.
A model is developed that derives optimal pollution levels and determines the welfare economics of pollution reduction, differentiating between abatement and output reduction. It is suitable to analyze alternative policy instruments aimed to reduce external costs of agricultural production. The model is applied to the U.S. corn sector and we simulate the effects of stylized environmental policies for pesticide use on social welfare and environmental quality. The simulation results indicate that across policy scenarios, fairly modest reductions in output may induce significant gains in social welfare and environmental quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6853

Greenhouse Gas Policy and Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Murray E.; Cule,   Monika; Weersink,   Alfons.
To meet its commitment to the Kyoto Protocol (KP), Canada must reduce its current annual GHG emissions (694 MT CO2 equivalent) by 240 MT CO2. Canada’s agricultural industries have the potential to generate a carbon sink of 10 MT CO2 (Government of Canada, 2003). The purpose of this article is to consider the manner in which Canadian agricultural policy has responded to Canada’s KP commitment and the likelihood that Canadian agriculture will participate significantly in carbon emission trading.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46019

Endogenous Technology and Tradable Emission Quotas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golombek,   Rolf; Hoel,   Michael.
We study an international climate agreement that assigns emission quotas to each participating country. Unlike the simplest models in the literature, we assume that abatement costs are affected by R&amp;D activities undertaken in all firms in all countries, i.e. abatement technologies are endogenous. In line with the Kyoto agreement we assume that the international climate agreement does not include R&amp;D policies. We show that for a second-best agreement, marginal costs of abatement should exceed the Pigovian level. Moreover, marginal costs of abatement differ across countries in the second-best quota agreement with heterogeneous countries. In other words, the second-best outcome cannot be achieved if emission quotas are tradable.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12042

Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Agricultural Management Strategies on Environmental Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heigh,   Lori; Junkins,   Bruce.
This study uses an integrated economic-environmental modeling system to provide quantitative estimates that were used in the process of setting provincial environmental outcome targets under the APF. The analysis represents a joint effort of the Department's physical scientists, economists and policy analysts. This approach provides the ability to model the impacts of agricultural production and the adoption of Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) on the Canadian environment. The analysis quantifies the impacts of various management practices on air, soil, and water quality as well as biodiversity through measurable and meaningful indicators. It also assists in identifying appropriate environmental goals by providing an indication of achievable outcomes...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sustainability of agriculture; Agricultural policy; Environmental issues; Social issues; Environmental outcome targets; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53905

Estimating the Nonmarket Value of Green Technologies Using Partial Data Enrichment Techniques
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gelso,   Brett R.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Recent studies have suggested that green technologies may be a cost effective way to manage urban runoff. Literature has also suggests that there needs to be a greater empirical basis to estimate the benefits associated with social values associated with urban trees; we therefore estimate ecosystem benefits of green technologies using emerging data enrichment valuation methods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19994

ENVIRONMENT, EQUITY AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onal,   Hayri; Algozin,   Kenneth A.; Isik,   Murat.
This paper presents a methodology for incorporating environmental and social equity objectives in an economic analysis of watershed management. Empirical results indicate that restricting agricultural pollution notably increases farm costs. The equity objective also adversely affects economic efficiency, but the cost increase due to social equity is less significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21032

MEASURING THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON VITICULTURE USING AUCTION, RETAIL AND WHOLESALE PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ashenfelter,   Orley; Storchmann,   Karl.
In this paper we measure the effect of year to year changes in the weather on wine prices and winery revenue in the Mosel Valley in Germany in order to determine the effect that climate change is likely to have on the income of wine growers. A novel aspect of our analysis is that we compare the estimates based on auction, retail, and wholesale prices. Although auction prices are based on actual transactions, they provide a thick market only for high quality, expensive wines and may overestimate climate’s effect on farmer revenues. Wholesale prices, on the other hand, do provide broad coverage of all wines sold and probably come closest to representing the revenues of farmers. Overall, we estimate a 1°C increase in temperature would yield an increase in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine; Global warming; Auction prices; Retail prices; Wholesale prices; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90482

POLLUTION AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION: REPLY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chisholm,   Anthony H.; Walsh,   Cliff; Brennan,   Geoffrey.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22563

On Social and Market Sanctions in Deterring non Compliance in Pollution Standards
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe; Rotillon,   Gilles.
In this paper, we theoretically explore the implications of social norms in deterring pollution standard fraud along with economic incentives provided both by markets and regulatory activities. The model assumes that a large number of risk-averse individuals differ not only in their private cost of compliance with the environmental standard but also in their individual aversion to fraud. The aversion of fraud is influenced by the extent of social norms. We show that there may be multiple equilibrium rates of compliance for a given enforcement policy. We also show that under risk aversion the potential loss in market revenues has an ambiguous effect on the equilibrium rates of compliance. Similarly, increasing the probability of audit may decrease the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9974

A COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABLE AND CONVENTIONAL FARMERS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sell,   Randall S.; Goreham,   Gary A.; Youngs,   George A., Jr.; Watt,   David L.
Interviews and mail-out/mail-back surveys were conducted in 1992 with 38 conventional and 41 sustainable North Dakota farmers. The results emphasize the differences and similarities of these two types of farmers.  Sustainable farms had more diverse cropping practices and were more likely to raise alternative crops like alfalfa, buckwheat, hay, millet, oats, and rye than conventional farmers.  Conventional farmers were more likely to raise traditional crops like barley, sugar beets, sunflowers, and spring wheat. Conventional farmers averaged substantially higher crop yields than sustainable farmers.  Three-fourths of the sustainable farmers raised livestock compared with one-half of the conventional farmers. Conventional farmers had greater equity, assets,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable farms; Conventional farms; Organic; North Dakota; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23104

Specification of complementary participatory methods for SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Backlund,   Ann-Katrin; Martinson,   Liisa; Bousset,   Jean-Paul; Macombe,   Catherine; Taverne,   M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9301

Agri-environmental Policy in the European Union:  Who's in Charge?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Peplow,   Stephen; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
The EU has argued that some agricultural subsidies are needed to provide the optimal amount of externalities (both positive and negative) produced by agriculture.  The argument is that agriculture is "multifunctional" and externalities such as rural development and landscape would be underproduced, while some forms of pollution (such as nitrogen runoff) would be overproduced without government intervention.  Meanwhile, the United States has raised the concern that multifunctionality is primarily an argument to transfer income to producers.   One way to try and determine how much of these non-commodity payments are directed to externalities and how much is intended to distribute income to producers is to analyze the variation of the programs among the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24162

Assessing the Distributional Impacts of Transferable Pollution Permits: The Case of Phosphorus Pollution Management at a River Basin Scale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kampas,   Athanasios; Mamalis,   Spyridon.
Although the initial allocation of pollution permits is neutral in terms of efficiency, it does have a significant impact on distributive equity. In this paper, we examine the two main categories of permit allocation rules, the distributive and the reductive, for controlling phosphorus pollution in a small catchment in South West England. Based on the premise that the regulatory choice compromises efficiency and equity, the main result of this paper is that an allocation of permits in proportion to the intensity of environmental preferences is a “win-win” choice. The reason is that it simultaneously achieves two goals. First, it is efficient (or cost-effective) since a permit system achieves a prespecified target at a minimum abatement cost, while second,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pollution permits; Phosphorus; Nutrient management; Export coefficient model; Water quality; Distributive justice; Income inequality; Atkinson Index; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44115

The Challenge of Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Development in Botswana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acquah,   Benjamin K.
One of the objectives of agricultural development in Botswana is the increase of agricultural productivity in both arable and livestock production in order to increase farm incomes and thus help to make agriculture a sustainable activity. This paper looks at the challenges that Botswana faces in meeting this objective while minimizing any land degradation that may accompany the process of increasing agricultural productivity. The prospects of achieving increases in agricultural productivity are also examined in the light of new opportunities in agriculture such as the National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development (NAMPAADD) and the Revised National Policy for Rural Development. The selective use of existing technologies that minimize...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9541

Simulation of factors impeding water quality trading market performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Craig M.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.; Leatherman,   John C.
Over the past several decades, market-based approaches to natural resource management have received increased attention as a means to cost-effectively achieve environmental quality goals. Following on what has been hailed a success for reducing air pollution, water quality trading (WQT) has more recently been seen as the next great opportunity for reducing water pollution, especially for nutrient loading. Numerous trading programs have been pilot tested and/or adopted in states throughout the nation, with more than 70 programs now in operation (Breetz et al., 2004).  WQT would allow multiple contributors to surface water degradation to determine how best to meet an overarching collective goal related to pollution reduction. WQT takes advantage of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality trading; Market based; Trading ratio; Information levels; Point source; Nonpoint source; Simulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61125

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: INTEREST GROUPS, UNCERTAINTY AND TRANSACTIONS COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Marie L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14115

The Growing Importance of the Environmental Horticulture Industry in the Agricultural Economy of the Northeastern United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shields,   Martin; Willis,   Fern K.
This study examines several aspects of the Environmental Horticulture Industry (EHI) in the northeastern United States. First, the EHI is compared to other agricultural sectors in the region. The sector's growth is found to far outpace growth in traditionally important crops and commodities. The study then takes a closer look at the EHI in Pennsylvania, utilizing survey data and the IMPLAN input-output model to estimate the overall economic contributions of the industry to the state's economy. Results suggest that the EHI generates nearly $3.3 billion in value-added and more than 107,000 state jobs through direct, indirect, and induced effects. Finally, survey data are used to identify and discuss important issues that land grant universities throughout...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31627

El control de la contaminacion por nitratos en el regadio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez,   Yolanda Martinez; Karaj,   Skender Uku; Murillo,   Jose Albiac.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan los efectos de algunas políticas de gestión del agua y de las técnicas de riego sobre el rendimiento de las actividades de cultivo y la contaminación del agua en la zona de regadío de Flumen-Monegros. El análisis se basa en la obtención de la respuesta del rendimiento de los cultivos al agua de riego y al abonado de nitrógeno. Las funciones de rendimiento se estiman mediante el programa de crecimiento de cultivos EPIC que incorpora información de las características locales de clima, suelo, manejo y sistema de riego de las actividades de cultivo. En los resultados se examina la relación entre los rendimientos y el uso del agua y del nitrógeno, y se cuantifica el coste para los agricultores de la reducción de la...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen pollution; Water management; Water and nitrogen crop response functions.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q50.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28762

MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS OF REDUCING GROUNDWATER-N POLLUTION WITH INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE FARM MANAGEMENT CHOICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiridoe,   Emmanuel K.; Weersink,   Alfons.
Cost-effectiveness is an important consideration in evaluating choices for meeting environmental quality objectives.  Estimated crop yield response functions and the associated groundwater-nitrate pollution production functions were used to evaluate the optimal N fertilization and on-farm abatement costs for alternative cropping systems, with management choices at both the intensive and extensive margins.  The cost-effective corn production system, which meets the Health Canada standard for nitrates with the highest returns ($278 ha-1) and lowest on-farm abatement cost ($248 ha-1), was a four-year corn-corn-soybean-wheat rotation under conventional tillage.  At contaminant limits above the Health Canada standard, the cost-effective wheat cropping system...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31515

Partnering for Environmental Policy in the 21st Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mast,   Gary W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37428

ADOPTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES: A REVEALED PREFERENCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The existing empirical literature on farmers' use of soil-conserving, runoff-reducing farming practices, while sizable, contains relatively little information on the influence of cost on adoption decisions and on how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package.  Such knowledge is important in light of current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals.  This paper uses farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit costs of installing seven soil-conserving, runoff-reducing practices obtained from a state cost sharing program to estimate latent demand models for each of these seven practices.  All seven exhibit downward sloping demand.  Topographical variations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28609

ALTERNATIVE INTERTEMPROAL PERMIT TRADING  REGIMES WITH STOCHASTIC ABATEMENT COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We examine the social efficiency of alternative intertemporal permit trading regimes. Banking with a 1-to-1 ratio and with a non-unitary intertemporal trading ratio (ITR) are compared with each other and with the no-banking permit trading regime. The more industry-wide shocks vary, and/or the more they are negatively correlated across time, the more efficient is a bankable permit regime. When the slope of the benefit function is greater than the slope of the damage function, banking with ITR=1+r is more efficient than a no-banking regime. Banking with ITR=1 can be more efficient than a no-banking regime. However, whether ITR=1 or ITR=1+r is better depends on the covariance structure of the shocks and the benefit and damage functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankable permits; Permit banking; Borrowing; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18543

Control of Dioxins (and other Organochlorines) from the Pulp and Paper Industry under the Clean Water Act and Lead in Soil at Superfund Mining Sites: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
This paper discusses EPA's acquisition and use of science in addressing dioxins (and other organochlorines) from the pulp and paper industry under the Clean Water Act and lead in soil at large Superfund mining sites. The common thread between both cases is the challenge posed by administering national pollution control programs while considering site-by-site variability in factors that influence environmental risks. In the first case study, high levels of dioxin in fish downstream of pulp and paper mills were inadvertently detected in 1983 as part of an EPA effort to determine background levels of dioxin in areas presumed to be relatively uncontaminated. These findings quickly got the release of dioxins from pulp and paper mills on EPA's research agenda....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10610

Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Yellow-Eyed Penguin conservation measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busch,   Jonah; Cullen,   Ross.
Although an estimated US$6 billion is invested annually in our planet’s biological diversity, little research has been conducted on which conservation treatments work best or provide best value for money. Conserving biodiversity efficiently depends on identifying conservation treatments which provide greatest return on investment. Where controlled experiments are not possible, panel econometric techniques can be used to determine the effectiveness of conservation treatments. A long-running Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) nest count in New Zealand presents a golden opportunity to compare the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of three commonly used conservation treatments—trapping of introduced predators, revegetation, and intensive management....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6012

Environmental and Economic Impact Assessments of Environmental Regulations for the Agriculture Sector: A Case Study of Hog Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; Sparling,   Beth; Moore,   Terri-lyn; Bucknell,   Delia.
A multi-year research study was established under the environmental pillar of the Agriculture Policy Framework (APF) to evaluate the role and impact of existing farm level environmental regulations administered by   local, provincial, federal governments. The Phase 1 study entitled "Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector" was released in March 2006 on AAFC   online.  There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture. Empirical analysis is required to better understand the   exact role that agri-environmental regulations play in determining a farm's cost structure and to compare...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Hog operation/farming; Compliance cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52727

TARGETING AND THE ECONOMICS OF CUMULATIVE WATERSHED EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Secchi,   Silvia; Kling,   Catherine L.
This study empirically investigates environmental benefits at the watershed level from conservation practices, which are typically non-linear.  A conservation tillage adoption model is linked to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model to examine the effectiveness of various conservation policies aimed at improving water quality in an Iowa watershed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20390

Environmental Labeling and Technology Adoption in the Presence of Strategic Interactions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konishi,   Yoshifumi.
This manuscript analyzes the effect of binary ecolabeling on the strategic competition of Cournot duopolists in environmental technology and the output market. Under binary labeling, firms' abatement technologies are not directly observable by consumers but are certified if they satisfy preset ecological standards. Given this asymmetry, I set up the regulator's problem as one of choosing a technology standard, or "cutoff," in emissions per unit of output, below which all abatement efficiency levels are certified. The regulatory authority faces a trade-off in choosing the socially optimal cutoff: The regulator would like to raise the standard to reduce emissions but needs to lower it in order to induce technology adoption. There are three important...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecolabeling; Emissions; Product differentiation; Technology adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; D43; L13; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9949

An Overview of Climate Change: What does it mean for our way of life? What is the best future we can hope for?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Neva R.
This paper starts with the question of whether climate change will require a significant reduction of consumption among the richer people in the world, and ends with the most optimistic picture the author can conjure up, of the world in the year 2075. That hopeful picture is of a world in which inequalities – among and within nations – have been substantially reduced. The challenges and adjustments confronting humanity in the coming decades provide an opportunity that could be used to mitigate climate change in ways that can improve the circumstances of the poor. Ecological reasons to reduce throughput of energy and materials in economic systems urge the abandonment of high-consumption life-styles. The 21st century will be an era of many losses, but it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37711

Unraveling the World-Wide Pollution Haven Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grether,   Jean-Marie; Mathys,   Nicole A.; de Melo,   Jaime.
This paper contributes to the debate on the existence of pollution haven effects by systematically measuring the pollution content of trade (measured by the polluction content of imports (PCI)) and decomposing it into three components: a ‘deep’ (i.e. unrelated to the environmental debate) component and two components (factor endowments and environmental policies) that occupy centerstage in the debate on trade and the environment. The decomposition is carried out for 1986-88 for an extensive data set covering 10 pollutants, 48 countries and 79 ISIC 4-digit sectors. Illustrative decompositions presented for 3 of the 10 pollutants in the data set indicate a significant pollution haven effect and highlight the role of factor endowments in each region’s PCI....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12186

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS AMBIENTAIS: A EXPERIÊNCIA DOS PAÍSES NO USO DE INSTRUMENTOS ECONÔMICOS COMO INCENTIVO À MELHORIA AMBIENTAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kawaichi,   Vanessa Mayumi; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de.
Este trabalho consiste de uma revisão crítica dos estudos que relatam a experiência de diversos países na adoção de políticas públicas, visando conter os impactos ambientais em seu território. O principal objetivo é analisar comparativamente a adoção de instrumentos econômicos (IE) pelos países em suas políticas públicas ambientais, considerados os diferentes objetivos ambientais perseguidos. Identificaram-se instrumentos de incentivo adotados em 54 países, pesquisados na literatura nacional e internacional, organizados por objetivo ambiental (proteção de florestas, recursos hídricos, solo, atmosfera, entre outros), e pela natureza da política. Há uma crescente tendência de adoção dos Instrumentos Econômicos, em parceria com os de Comando e Controle ou...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente; Políticas públicas; Instrumentos de incentivo; Florestas; Resíduos; Environment; Public policies; Incentive instruments; Forests; Residues; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109660

Guide to on-site wastewater management for industrial and commercial establishments and other institutions: guide for hotel and restaurant owners and managers in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Priyanka; Tennakoon,   Mangala.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Wastewater treatment; Water conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113262

Environmental Provisions in Recent Regional Trade Agreements (2008 &amp; 2009)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Despite a failure to achieve closure on the Doha Round of WTO negotiations, regional and bilateral trade agreements involving a variety of countries have continued to be negotiated, signed and implemented. Most of the recent trade agreements have contained some environmental provisions, ranging from a pledge to protect the environment to very extensive environmental requirements. These results appear to reflect a recognition that trade has environmental consequences and that trade agreements can be constructed to help mitigate such effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environment; Environmental provisions; Free trade; Trade agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90937

A Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Comparison between Conventional and Biotech Sweet Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.; Niederman,   Zara; Thompson,   Jada.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/19/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life Cycle Analysis; Greenhouse Gas; Sweet corn; Biotech; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103680

COMPETENCE ACQUISITION IN RETAIL FOOD: EFFICIENT CONSUMER RESPONSE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcus,   Alfred; Spielmann,   Brian; Qu,   Lu.
Based on interviews with retail food store managers and a subsequent survey, this paper traces the pathways that spawn competence acquisition in the retail food industry.  It finds that having an essential capability for learning, that is, obtaining new ideas, concepts, methods, tends to breed competencies in a number of areas which are of both business and social significance. In this study, the capacity of this essential capability to generate competencies in efficient consumer response (ECR) and environmental management (EM) are examined.  These competencies have attracted the attention of the retail food industry in its efforts to become more competitive with alternative retail food channels.  The results show that firms possessing the essential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14345

Reallocating Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emission in EU15 Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrao,   Amilcar.
This research work uses an alternative approach for modeling agricultural greenhouse gas emissions as an undesirable output, based on the zero sum gains DEA model (ZSG-DEA BCC model). This approach reallocates agricultural greenhouse gas emissions among EU15 countries. The reallocation analysis of greenhouse gas emissions permits countries that increase their emissions negotiate the emissions reduction with the others. This negotiation process might create a quota trade system for agricultural activity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: DEA; Zero Sum Gains; Movement along the Efficient Frontier; Smoothed Frontier; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61284

A typical application of SEAMLESS-IF at macro level: a trade liberalization scenario applied to the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adenauer,   Marcel; Kuiper,   Marijke H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57931

Energy Balance Climate Models and the Spatial Structure of Optimal Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brock,   William A.; Engstrom,   Gustav; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
We develop a one-dimensional energy balance climate model with heat transportation across locations. We introduce the concept of potential world GDP at time t, and we introduce, through the temperature function, spatial characteristics into the damage function which make damages latitude dependent. We solve the social planner’s problem and characterize the competitive equilibrium. We define optimal taxes on fossil fuels and profit taxes on firms that extract fossil fuels. Our results suggest that if the implementation of international transfers across latitudes is not possible, then optimal taxes are spatially non homogeneous and tend to be lower at the poor latitudes. The degree of spatial differentiation of optimal taxes depend on heat transportation. We...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Balance Climate Models; Heat Diffusion; Temperature Distribution; Spatial Optimal Taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121721

Can Stated Preference Valuations Help Improve Environmental Decision Making?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stevens,   Thomas H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93503

The Precautionary Principle Revisited: Its Interpretations and their Conservation Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The precautionary principle was included in 1992 in the Rio Declaration on Environmental and Development and is a part of important international agreements and documents, for example, the Convention on Biological Diversity. Yet the interpretation of this principle is not straightforward as a guide for environmental policy – a variety of interpretations are possible. This paper identifies and examines various economic versions of the principle. Furthermore, it shows that different economic versions of the principle can give rise to conflicting policy recommendations for resource conservation. In addition, it demonstrates that applications of the principle do not always favour (natural) resource conservation (for example, biodiversity conservation) although...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Climate change; Flexibility; Learning; Precautionary principle; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28; Q3; H43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55339

The Comparative Cost and Profit Analysis of Organic and Conventional Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Urfi,   Peter; Hoffmann,   Andras; Kormosne-Koch,   Krisztina.
The cost-profit relations of organic and conventional farming were examined on the basis of natural and financial data of a large agricultural - company in western Hungary and of economic models characterising private farms in eastern Hungary. The differences in cost structures reflect variable conditions relating to certain crops, but they can be well explained by the differences in the technologies used. According to the production data, in organic farming direct costs per hectare were lower in all of the four examined crops. Even cost per production unit and contribution were more favourable in three of the investigated crops. Regarding the calculation done by economy models, the costs per hectare relating to the two production methods were not...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conventional farming; Costs; Profit; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102402

Les benefices et les couts economiques de l'exploitation des gaz de shale au Quebec
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Patrick.
Ce texte presente une esquisse des elements quie devrait inclure une analyse couts-benefices de la pertinence de developper la filiere de l'extraction du gaz de shale au Quebec. This article offers a sketch of the components that should include a costs-benefits analysis of developing or not a shale gas industry in Quebec.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gaz de schiste; Analyse couts-benefices; Quebec; Shale gas; Costs-benefits analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q34; D61.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120264

Estimating Agricultural Pollution Abatement Costs at the Plot Level Using Experimental Data: A Maximum Entropy Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Craig A.; Farzin,   Y. Hossein.
This paper uses a directional output distance function to estimate a multi-output production frontier for a sample of experimental plots grown for the Sustainable Agriculture Farming Systems project at the University of California, Davis. Cross-sectional technical efficiency indices are estimated that take into account two proxies for undesirable output: number of trips across a field as a proxy for air pollution and/or soil erosion, and pints of pesticides applied to account for potential leaching and/or health risks. Shadow price estimates based on marginal rates of transformation ranged from $8-$21 for trips, while shadow prices for pints of pesticides averaged $23-$27.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Directional distance function; Environmental efficiency index; Shadow price; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8642

A View Toward Sound Policy Initiatives Regarding Agricultural Alternative Fuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dubiansky,   Vincent M.
Scientific understanding regarding causes of climate change is maturing. Earlier indications that atmospheric CO2 is the primary cause have been challenged by recent studies. Evidence against anthropogenic global warming is mounting. Subsidized alternative fuel initiatives may run out of support once political opinion aligns with scientific realities. First steps toward policy statements within professional organizations that reflect our current understanding of forces driving climate change are called for. We as farm or timberland managers, investors, lenders, appraisers or consultants in these fields should update our understanding. Agriculture’s potential contribution toward cost effective alternative fuel sources and energy independence is discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96381

Farm Animal Welfare, Consumer Willingness to Pay, and Trust: Results of a Cross-National Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nocella,   Giuseppe; Hubbard,   Lionel J.; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
Higher animal welfare standards increase costs along the supply chain of certified animal-friendly products (AFP). Since the market outcome of certified AFP depends on consumer confidence toward supply chain operators complying with these standards, the role of trust in consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for AFP is paramount. Results from a contingent valuation survey administered in five European Union countries show that WTP estimates were sensitive to robust measures of consumer trust for certified AFP. Deriving the WTP effect of a single food category on total food expenditure is difficult for survey respondents; hence, a budget approach was employed to facilitate this process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Certification; Consumer trust; WTP; Budget approach; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; C81; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96832

DIREITO AMBIENTAL: PERCEPÇÃO DOS AGENTES ENVOLVIDOS NA DESTINAÇÃO FINAL DAS EMBALAGENS DE AGROTÓXICOS DE ACORDO COM A LEI 9.974/00 NA REGIÃO CAFEEIRA DO MUNICÍPIO DE LAVRAS NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romaniello,   Marcelo Marcio; Amancio,   Cristhiane Oliveira Da Graca; Braga Junior,   Walter.
Esse trabalho procura discutir a aplicação da lei 9.974/00 (prevenção ao impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte incorreto das embalagens de agrotóxicos) na região cafeeira no município de Lavras no Sul de Minas Gerais através da percepção dos agentes envolvidos na comercialização e destinação final das embalagens de agrotóxicos (produtores, revendas autorizadas e Ministério Público).---------------------------------------------This reserch aims to discuss the law estabilishiment number 9.974/00 (prvention of environmental impact caused by incorrect elimination of agrotoxic package) in Lavras coffee perception of the agents used in comercialization and final destination of the agrotoxic packages (producers, authorized shops and Public Ministery).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direito ambiental; Café; Agrotóxicos; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109108

Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Juan Andres; Rosales Alvarez,   Ramon.
Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultura sostenible; Altillanura colombiana; Análisis costobeneficio; Programación lineal; Secuestro de carbono; Servicios ambientales.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C6; D60; O30; Q10; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60734

An Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of NSW DPI Investments in IPM Research in Lettuce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orr,   Leanne M.; McDougall,   Sandra; Mullen,   John D.
Research into IPM technologies has been conducted by NSW DPI for over 20 years. Evaluating the returns from investment in specific research and development projects is an important component of the NSW DPI science and research program. An economic evaluation has been conducted of IPM in managing invertebrate pests in lettuce in NSW. We found that there has been widespread adoption of IPM practices amongst NSW lettuce growers leading to a flow of economic benefits to the lettuce industry and the community. Important environmental and human health benefits were also identified. A benefit-cost ratio of 2 was calculated for the return to NSW DPI investment in lettuce IPM research which while satisfactory, is lower than returns calculated for other agricultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research; Benefit-cost; Evaluation; IPM (Integrated Pest Management); Lettuce; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q160.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45631

Proposal for a territorial assessment of the effects of agricultural policies with a georeferred mathematical programming model: a case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scozzafava,   Gabriele; Casini,   Leonardo.
Over the past fifteen years, the common agricultural policy (CAP) is profoundly changed under the pressure of European society and economic trends. The reforms of 2003-2004 marked a new phase in this path. This process continued with the reforms of the sugar (2006) and fruit and vegetables(2007) and is still ongoing with the recent proposals to reform the wine sector. The dynamics of consolidation, evaluation and redirection of the legislative measures adopted are very important and topical in view of the definition of the common agricultural policy. These issues on the political side emphasize the need for policy makers to have evaluative instruments witch can analyze both the effects on farmers behaviour and the effects generated in the territory....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming (PMP); Geographic information system (GIS); Territorial approach; Common agricultural policy (CAP).; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50171

Science, Sustainability, and Society
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beachy,   Roger.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62092

Approximating optimal numerical solutions to bio-economic systems: How useful is simulation-optimization?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Börner,   Jan; Higgins,   Steven Ian; Scheiter,   Simon; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
For applications in agricultural economics, complex ecological systems are often oversimplified to the extent that ecologists rarely consider model results valid. Recursive optimization of complex systems represents an alternative, but requires strong assumptions regarding time preference and uncertainty. In this paper we explore the implications of merely approximating “true” optima of complex dynamic optimization problems using a technique called simulation-optimization. We develop a standard discrete renewable resource use problem and solve it numerically using both simulation-optimization and non-linear mathematical programming. We subsequently introduce non-linearity and uncertainty and graphically compare the performance of simulation-optimization...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Optimal control; Simulation; Ecological economic systems; Interdisciplinary modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51407

USING THE RANDOM PARAMETERS LOGIT MODEL TO COMBINE REVEALED AND STATED PREFERENCE DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gelso,   Brett R.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
Recent literature has combined Revealed (RP) and Stated Preference (SP) data in the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) to estimate the value of environmental goods. However, emerging research has identified that a limitation of the MNL is the assumption of Independently and Identically Distributed (IID) errors, resulting in inaccurate model predictions and inconsistent utility parameters. Our analysis applies an alternative method to combine RP and SP data that takes into account the heterogeneity in both the observable and unobservable components of utility. This allows us to test whether such heterogeneity has an important effect on predicting behavioral choices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Revealed and Stated Preference Data; Scale Factor; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34746

A MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING EVALUATION OF SALINITY AND WATERLOGGING CONTROL OPTIONS IN THE MURRAY-DARLING BASIN OF AUSTRALIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alaouze,   Chris M.; Fitzpatrick,   Campbell R.
Pollution of the River Murray by salt imposes costs on domestic and industrial users in Adelaide and to irrigators on the River Murray. Salt enters the Murray-Darling system through saline ground water aquifers and from irrigation and drainage of saline land. Irrigation and drainage generate benefits from improved agricultural productivity and impose costs through increased salt loads to the Murray-Darling system. The salinity of the River Murray can be reduced by pumping highly saline ground water into evaporation basins before it enters the River Murray. This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model which is used to determine the mix of ground water interception schemes and land improvement schemes that minimises the net present value...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22996

Precaution: principles and practice in Australian environmental and natural resource management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Deborah C.
Since the late 1980s, the concept of precaution has been incorporated into numerous international agreements and laws, as well as in domestic statutes and policies in many countries. This paper examines the international emergence of the concept and its application in Australia. Despite rapid growth in adoption of the so-called ‘precautionary principle’, the concept remains highly controversial, and its success in terms of improving environmental and natural resource management has been questioned. A common misconception is that the principle prescribes action. In fact, internationally accepted definitions are about decision-making processes. This paper argues that implementation guidelines are essential to ensure that precautionary decision-making is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environment; Natural resource management; Precautionary principle; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116985

The economic cost of weeds in dryland cotton production systems of Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoque,   Ziaul; Farquharson,   Robert J.; Taylor,   Ian; Walker,   Steve; Osten,   Vikki; Jones,   Randall E.
Economic losses and costs associated with weeds in dryland cotton production are important, both for growers and for industry bodies when making decisions about research priorities and research and development funding. A survey was conducted to provide information on weed types, control strategies and estimated costs to growers. We used information from the survey to estimate conventional financial losses due to weeds, and as a basis for evaluating aggregate economic (society) impacts. An economic surplus model was used to estimate the aggregate societal impact of weeds for three production regions in north-eastern Australia. The annual economic costs associated with weeds were estimated to be $41 million, and the on-farm financial costs were $25 million....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Weeds; Dryland Cotton; And Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57893

The Effect of Spillovers and Congestion on the Segregative Properties of Endogenous Jurisdiction Structure Formation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oddou,   Remy.
This paper analyzes the effect of spillovers and congestion of local public goods on the segregative properties of endogenous formation of jurisdiction. Households living in the same place form a jurisdiction and produce a local public good, that creates positive spillovers in other jurisdictions and suffers from congestion. In every jurisdiction, the production of the local public good is financed through a local tax on household's wealth. Local wealth tax rates are democratically determined in all jurisdictions. Households also consume housing in their jurisdiction. Any household is free to leave its jurisdiction for another one that would increase its utility. A necessary and sufficient condition to have every stable jurisdiction structure segregated by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Jurisdictions; Segregation; Spillovers; Congestion; Environmental Economics and Policy; C78; D02; H73; R13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108259

Uncertainty and the Cost-Effectiveness of Regional NOx Emissions Reductions from Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; McGuinness,   Meghan.
This paper analyzes uncertainties surrounding the benefits and costs of a policy to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the eastern United States. Under each of 18 scenarios examined, we find an annual policy would yield net benefits that are at least as great as those expected under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) currently planned seasonal policy. Preferred (midpoint) assumptions yield additional benefits of $724 million per year under an annual policy compared to a seasonal one (1997 dollars). The subset of 11 northeastern states benefit the most from an annual policy relative to a seasonal one, but relative net benefits are also positive in the remaining states in the region. An annual policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOX; Health benefits; Market structure; Restructuring; Deregulation; Value of statistical life; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10846

THE USE OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS IN TRANSITIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: CASE STUDY OF MACEDONIAN PATH TO MEET GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nedanovski,   Pece.
The demand for harmonization of domestic policies across countries is seen as a precondition for globalization. Does globalization conflict with environmental protection? The relationship between two of them is too complex. From the viewpoint of its protection, the environment must be seen as a whole. In the same time, the utility function based on income and pollution, is not identical and homothetic across different countries. It appears that the diversity in environmental protection is legitimate. In order to provide a sustainable environmental policy in transitional circumstances, the R. of Macedonia needs a balance between the goals of social development, economic progress and environmental protection. So far, because of the institutional development...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic instruments; Environmental protection; Sustainability; Globalization; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5994

Water as an economic good: a solution, or a problem?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perry,   Christopher J.; Rock,   Michael; Seckler,   David.
Discusses the potential opportunities and pitfalls of introducing market forces into the process of water allocation. Proposes several preconditions for beneficial privatization of water allocation and argues for a more sophisticated form of analysis than that generally allowed by proponents of basic needs or of free market approaches.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Economic aspects; Economic analysis; Irrigated farming; Water rights; Pricing; Privatization; Marginal analysis; Water market; Water policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61113

Are Preferences for Environmental Quality Sensitive to Financial Funding Schemes? Evidence from a Marine Restoration Programme in the Black Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Remoundou,   Kyriaki; Koundouri,   Phoebe; Adaman,   Fikret; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper uses a non-market valuation study to elicit consumers’ preferences for a marine restoration programme in the Black Sea aiming to reduce the level of public health risk from bathing and improve water quality and the overall level of marine biodiversity. In this context, we administer a stated choice experiment in coastal settlements in Ukraine and Turkey and employ two tax revenue reallocation schemes as payment vehicles. One proposes the financing of the marine restoration programme by the reduction of the public budget for renewable energy and the second by the reduction of the public budget on training for civil servants. We examine the stated preferences and the subsequently derived economic value estimates in the two treatments with the aim...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-Market Valuation; Stated Choice Experiment; Payment Vehicle; Tax Revenues Reallocation; Marine Resources; Black Sea; Marine Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q22; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108204

A Spatial Analysis of Conservation Reserve Program Participants: The Impact of Absenteeism on Participation Decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brady,   Michael P.; Nickerson,   Cynthia J.
Given that approximately half of all U.S. farmland is leased, absentee (non-operator) landowners have a significant role in agriculture. Because decisions about how to use farmland can be affected by ownership status, tenure can have far reaching implications for the production of food and fiber, as well as the extent to which environmentally sensitive farmland is cropped or is put into a conservation use.  In order to better understand whether conservation participation decisions, and potential responses to factors such as commodity prices, may vary by tenure status, we exploit a unique dataset that identifies where participants associated with Conservation Reserve Program contracts live relative to the land enrolled. These data provide improved spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49369

CDM Projects in China's Energy Supply and Demand Sectors - Opportunities and Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Jusen,   Asuka; Krause,   Karsten; Grimm,   Bernhard; Koch,   Tobias.
China has had an enormous growth of energy and electricity consumption during the last decades. This has been fuelled primarily by using domestic coal resources. Until 1997, annual construction of power stations averaged around 15 GW which was not sufficient to alleviate the demand surplus. Forecasts envisaged continuation of this growth. The majority of power stations is small scale and reather inefficient. Local air pollution is becoming very strong and is increasingly seen as a political issue. Foreign investment in the power sector has been hampered by bureaucracy and unclear competencies. On the demand side, energy efficiency has improved markedly in the last two decades, albeit from a very low basis. Due to the economic transformation, many proven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26216

Effectiveness of Trade Sanctions as an Enforcement Mechanism in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Agreements in Agriculture and Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irfanoglu,   Zeynep Burcu; Sesmero,   Juan P.
This study explores the conditions under which a trade sanction can be an effective enforcement mechanism used by the US against China in global greenhouse (GHG) mitigation in agriculture and forestry. The problem has the structure of prisoner’s dilemma and hence both the US and China have incentive to free-ride in GHG emissions abatement. It is found that if the US joined the rest of the world (ROW) in emissions abatement in agriculture and forestry, the US could also convince China to comply with abatement using trade sanctions. In this study, trade sanctions are considered as a deterrent to free-riding. For threats of trade sanctions to become a viable enforcement mechanism tariff rates have to achieve two conditions defined in this study: credibility...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Sanctions; Greenhouse Gas Mitigation; Multilateral Environment Agreements; Computable General Equilibrium Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103869

Potential Carbon Sequestration and Revenue from Timber and Carbon Credits for Landowners of West Virginia Abandoned Mine Lands.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouquot,   Chris; Sperow,   Mark.
An optimal forest rotation model estimates potential value from timber and carbon for owners of WV abandoned mine lands (AMLs). An OLS regression provides merchantable volume and carbon density for six forest types which could sequester 0.41 Tg of carbon per year on approximately 33,800 hectares of AMLs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35331

Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts of Ethanol Production on Fertilizer Use in Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Vialou,   Alexandre; Erickson,   Kenneth W.; Sandretto,   Carmen L.
The share of corn used in ethanol production has been growing rapidly. USDA predicts that more than 30 percent of the corn crop will be used for ethanol production in 2009/2010. Expanded corn acreage contributes to the application of more fertilizer and is likely to introduce a larger volume of nutrients into the environment. This study found that an increase in ethanol production is consistent with a significant increase in quality-adjusted fertilizer use in selected corn states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted fertilizer; Corn production; Ethanol; Excess nutrients; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6736

Modeling International Trends in Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
This study uses a stochastic production frontier to model energy efficiency trends, in 85 countries over a 37 year period. No structure is imposed on technological change over time, although differences in technology level across the countries are modelled as a stochastic function of explanatory variables. These variables are selected by a literature survey and a theoretical model of energy-efficient technology choice.   An improvement in a country’s energy efficiency is measured as a reduction in energy intensity, while holding constant that economy’s mix of inputs and outputs. All other things remaining constant, the country using the least energy per unit output is on the global best-practice frontier. The model is used to derive decompositions of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Energy; Efficiency; Carbon; Emissions; Technological change; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O33; O47; Q43; Q54; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94950

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AS A VEHICLE FOR ADAPTING TO GLOBAL WARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Randhir,   Timothy O.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
This study assesses the potential interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission- as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. this is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31295

The Determinants of Household Recycling: A Material Specific Analysis of Recycling Program Features and Unit Pricing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jenkins,   Robin R.; Martinez,   Salvador A.; Palmer,   Karen L.; Podolsky,   Michael J.
This paper examines the impact of two popular solid waste programs on the percent recycled of several different materials found in the residential solid waste stream. We examine a unique, national, household-level data set containing information on the percent recycled of five different materials: glass bottles, plastic bottles, aluminum, newspaper, and yard waste. We find that access to curbside recycling has a significant and substantial positive effect on the percentage recycled of all five materials and that the level of this effect varies across different materials. The length of the recycling program's life has a significant and positive effect on two of the five materials and a mandatory recycling requirement does not affect any materials. The level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Solid waste; Recycling; Unit pricing; Incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H31.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10798

Multi-Period Emissions Trading in the Electricity Sector - Winners and Losers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven.
Emission trading has become recently more and more import in environmental regulation. In the context of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, the directive on a Europewide trading scheme for large immobile sources may be perceived as one of the most important milestones in recent years. Prior to its start, however, a number of very specific design features have to be agreed upon. In the political discussion, the question of how to allocate emission rights is considered as one of the most important issues. So far, a distribution (almost) free of charge is the option of choice. An aspect that has interestingly attracted little attention in the past is the question of how to allocate emission rights over time. This may for example be done on the basis of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abatement costs; Allocation of GHG allowances; Benchmark; Compliance costs; Electricity sector; Multi-period emission trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H25; L20; L52; L94; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26314

A mezőgazdaságban keletkező biomassza energetikai hasznosításának agrárgazdasági megközelítése
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Andras.
A gazdálkodás ökonómiai kérdéseivel foglalkozók számára a piaci csere híján fontos feladat az externáliák minél szélesebb körű számszerűsítése, mivel csak a társadalom számára jelentkező összes költség és haszon figyelembevételével lehet megítélni a mindenkori agrárpolitikát. Egyre fontosabb az, hogy milyen agrárpolitikai eszközökkel oldhatók meg a liberalizált kereskedelemmel szembeni elvárások és a nem-termék jellegű javak társadalmilag optimális kibocsátása. Ebben a kettős elvárásban a földtulajdon és földhasználat szétválása előnytelen.   -------------------------------------------    In the absence of exchange in the market, researchers into economic aspects of farming place a high emphasis on quantifying externalities to the maximum extent possible....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Externáliák; Biomassza; Energetikai felhasználás; Földhasználat; Méret-; Skála- és választékgazdaságosság; Externalities; Biomass; Use for energy production; Land use; Economies of scale; Volume and choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92533

THE EFFECT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES ON PROPERTY VALUES IN ZONES OF HIGH INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY: A HEDONIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deaton,   Brady J., Jr.; Hoehn,   John P.
Hedonic pricing methods typically employ a distance-to-site variable to measure variation in exposure to environmental disamenities.  Some environmental disamenities, like hazardous waste sites, may be spatially correlated with another prominent feature of the urban plain—  zones of industrial activity.  In these cases, failure to account for industrial activity is hypothesized to bias coefficient estimates of the distance-to-site measure.  The data set includes a distance-to-site measure as well as a distance-to-industrial measure.  These measures allow for empirical estimations of the hedonic price function that distinguish the property value effect associated with exposure to hazard from the property value effect associated with industrial activity....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Superfund; Spatial Correlates; Industrial Activity; Hedonic Price Function; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19612

COMBINING ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL DATA TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixon,   Bruce L.; Garcia,   Philip; Adams,   Richard M.; Mjelde,   James W.
Duality methods utilizing a profit function framework are employed to estimate the output elasticity of ambient ozone levels on cash grain farms in Illinois.  While duality methods have been recommended as a cure to many of the statistical problems of direct estimation of production functions, multicollinearity may still be a problem.  A method for utilizing stochastic information on parameters of a seemingly unrelated system of equations, which is implied by profit function estimation, is developed and applied to measuring the impact of ozone.  Such an approach may be necessary in measuring other environmental effects because of a lack of regressor variability.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32140

An analysis of the determinants of flood damages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Susana.
In this paper we analyze mortality caused by 2,194 large flood events between 1985 and 2008 in 108 countries. Unlike previous studies that looked at natural-disaster mortality, we find that year-to-year changes in income and institutional determinants of vulnerability do not affect flood mortality directly. Income and institutions influence mortality only indirectly, through their impact on the intensity and frequency of floods. Population exposure affects the number of deaths both directly and indirectly. Higher population exposure results in more deaths once the flood has occurred, but it is associated with smaller floods. In developing countries it also reduces the count of floods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural Disasters; Floods; Mortality; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98381

The welfare consequences of green tax reform in small open economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bae,   Jeong Hwan; Shortle,   James S.
This research explores the welfare consequences of substituting carbon taxes for conventional distortionary taxes in a small open economy, using Pennsylvania as case study.  A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is developed for Pennsylvania to simulate possible outcomes when carbon taxes are substituted for conventional taxes.  Consumer welfare impacts from environmental tax reform are conventionally decomposed into three effects: the Pigouvian effect, the tax revenue recycling effect, and the tax interaction effects. The Pigouvian effect is a welfare gain from reducing environmental externalities. The tax revenue effect is a welfare gain from reduced distortion in factor and commodity markets that  results from the substitution of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19165

On the Integration of Carbon Capture and Storage into the International Climate Regime
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven; Jung,   Martina.
As GHG emissions did not decline as anticipated early of the 1990ties Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) recently gained more and more attention as a climate change mitigation option. However, CO2 suppressed in geological reservoirs is likely to lead to future releases of the CO2 stored. This "non-permanence" must be considered if an environmentally sound policy is desired. Against this background, the present article analyses a potential integration of CCS in the international climate regime. It is based on existing rules and modalities regarding non-permanence of sequestration in the Land use, Land-use change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. Interestingly, the experience from LULUCF has almost completely been neglected during the discussion on CCS. We argue...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage; Permanence; Sequestration; LULUCF; Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q38; Q48.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26279

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Norton,   George W.; Reaves,   Dixie Watts.
Public support for integrated pest management (IPM) is derived in part from concerns over food safety and the environment, yet few studies have assessed the economic value of health and environmental benefits of IPM.  An approach is suggested for such an assessment and applied to the Virginia peanut IPM program.  Effects of IPM on environmental risks posed by pesticides are assessed and society's willingness to pay to reduce those risks is estimated.  The annual environmental benefits of the peanut IPM program are estimated at $844,000.  The estimates of pesticide risks and willingness to pay can be applied elsewhere in economic assessments of IPM.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Integrated pest management; Willingness to pay; Environmental benefits; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15057

USE OF CHAMBERLAIN FIXED EFFECTS APPROACH TO ESTIMATE WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergstrom,   John C.; Holmes,   Thomas P.; Huszar,   Eric; Kask,   Susan B.; Volinskiy,   Dmitriy.
The paper discusses an application of Chamberlain's fixed effects model to contingent valuation method survey data obtained for eight management alternatives for the Little Tennessee River basin. The advantages of using this approach versus cross-sectional logit, pooled logit, and cross-sectional logit with lags are discussed and a technique to obtain willingness-to-pay estimates from estimated coefficients is offered. Drawbacks of using Chamberlain's fixed effects model, difficulties encountered, and directions for further research are presented.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35195

Making GHG Emissions Trading Work - Crucial Issues in Designing National and International Emissions Trading Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Butzengeiger,   Sonja; Betz,   Regina; Bode,   Sven.
Art. 17 of the Kyoto Protocol defines International Emissions Trading exclusively on country level, sub-national entities like industrial installations or households are not included initially. However, there are some arguments for such an expansion, of which the most important ones are a significant increase of the overall efficiency of the trading system as well as an increase of market liquidity. In the first part of this paper, the options for an inclusion of sub-national entities are analysed, concluding that AAUs should not be allocated to participants directly. Instead, there are several options how those entities can be included in International Emissions Trading as defined in the Kyoto-Protocol in an indirect way. The second part of the paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26153

Research on “Growth Drag” of Water Resource on Agricultural Development in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Xueyuan.
Based on the “growth drag” conceptual model of Romer, this paper computes the growth drag of water resource on agricultural development through using panel data(1997～2006) of China’s all provinces. The result shows the growth rate of agricultural production value fell 0.1121% per year on average because of the shortage of water resource. The number is seemingly small, but according to calculation, under the drag of water resource, the ratio will be reduced by 2.66% in 2030. Furthermore, it will be 3.74% in 2040 and 4.82% in 2050.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water resource; Agricultural production; Growth drag; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50326

Modeling Linkages Between Climate Policy and Land Use: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Werf,   Edwin; Peterson,   Sonja.
Agriculture and forestry play an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. For an efficient and cost-effective climate policy it is therefore important to explicitly include land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in economy-climate models. This paper gives an overview and assessment of existing approaches to include land use, land-use change, and forestry into climate-economy models or to link economy-climate models to land-use models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Climate Policy; Modeling; Land Use; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q24; Q25; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9545

THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAM FLOW IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN:  A REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Manoj K.; Pan,   Zaitao; Takle,   Eugene S.; Gu,   Roy.
We evaluate the impact of climate change on stream flow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) by using a regional climate model (RCM) coupled with a hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated against measured stream flow data using observed weather data and inputs from the Environmental Protection Agency's BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) geographical information/database system. The combined performance of the SWAT and RCM was examined using observed weather data as a lateral boundary condition in the RCM. The SWAT and RCM were found to perform well, especially on an annual basis. The potential impacts of climate change on water yield and other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrological modeling; RCM; SWAT; Uncertainty analysis; Upper Mississippi River Basin; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18403

A Joint Framework for Analysis of Agri-Environmental Payment Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooper,   Joseph C.
This paper presents an approach for simultaneously estimating farmers' decisions to accept incentive payments in return for adopting a bundle of environmentally benign management practices. Using the results of a multinomial probit analysis of surveys of over 1,000 farmers facing ten adoption decisions in an EQIP-type program, we show how the farmers' perceptions of the desirability of various bundles changes with the offer amounts and with which practices are offered in the program.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Incentive payments; EQIP; Simulated multivariate normal; Multinomial probit; Simulated maximum likelihood estimation; Best management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20493

Determinants of Environmental Innovation – New Evidence from German Panel Data Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horbach,   Jens.
In most cases, empirical analyses of environmental innovations based on firm-level data relied on survey data for one point in time. These surveys, especially designed for the analysis of environmental innovations, are useful because they allow for the inclusion of many explanatory variables such as different policy instruments or the influence of stake-holders and pressure groups. On the other hand, it is not possible to address the dynamic character of the environmental innovation process. This paper uses two German panel data bases, the establishment panel of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) and the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), to explore the determinants of environmental innovations....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12029

IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES ON NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Manzoor E.; Lacewell,   Ronald D.
This study estimates the cost effectiveness of alternative environmental policies for controlling nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Seymour aquifer region of Texas. Results from biophysical simulation model are integrated with a farm-level optimization model. The study also compares the cost of bottled water, used as the lower-bound estimate of benefits of groundwater protection, with the least costly environmental policy. Results indicate that the least-cost policy alternative for the region is about $1 million either to farmers or to the local government and it is approximately three times the cost of bottled water.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30995

Climate Change Assessment and Agriculture in General Equilibrium Models: Alternative Modeling Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Roson,   Roberto.
Agricultural sectors play a key role in the economics of climate change. Land as an input to agricultural production is one of the most important links between economy and the biosphere, representing a direct projection of human action on the natural environment. Agricultural management practices and cropping patterns have a vast effect on biogeochemical cycles, freshwater availability and soil quality. Agriculture also plays an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. Thus, to consistently investigate climate policy and future pathways for the economic and natural environment, a realistic representation of agricultural land-use is essential. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have increasingly been used to this purpose. CGE models...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Partial Equilibrium (PE); Agriculture; Land Use; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; Q24; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54284

Price Floors for Emissions Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Peter John; Jotzo,   Frank.
Price floors in greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes can have advantages for technological innovation, price volatility, and management of cost uncertainty, but implementation has potential pitfalls. We argue that the best mechanism for implementing a price floor is to have firms pay an extra fee or tax. This has budgetary advantages and is more compatible with international permit trading than alternative approaches that dominate the academic and policy debate. The fee approach can also be used to implement more general hybrid approaches to emissions pricing.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price Floor; Price Ceiling; Carbon Tax; Emissions Trading; Carbon Pricing; Price and Quantity Controls; Waxman-Markey Bill; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56211

WOULD PEOPLE RATHER  PAY TAXES OR TRADE TAXES TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS?  A GROUND WATER QUALITY CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergstrom,   John C.; Boyle,   Kevin J.; Yabe,   Mitsuyasu.
The potential sensitivity of environmental resource valuation to payment vehicles is of interest to researchers and decision-makers involved in estimating and applying these numbers. A conceptual model is developed which provides insight into how the different payment vehicles of a special tax and a tax reallocation affects the willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental goods.  Hypothesis testing using contingent valuation data suggests WTP with a tax reallocation is higher than WTP with a special tax for ground water quality protection in Georgia and Maine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16700

Mexico Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cahill,   Carmel; Jotanovic,   Aleksandar; Abraham,   Cally.
As a NAFTA partner and Canada's third largest export market for agri-food products, developments in Mexico are of direct interest to Canada. Rural poverty, low productivity, poor infrastructure and unclear property rights for both land and water still inhibit the efforts of Mexico's government to improve competitiveness of its agricultural sector.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mexico; Agricultural policy; Liberalization; Resource governance; Infrastructure; Subsistence; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46509

Super-Grids and Concentrated Solar Power: A Scenario Analysis with the WITCH Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massetti,   Emanuele; Ricci,   Elena Claire.
We extend the WITCH model to consider the possibility to produce and trade electricity generated by large scale concentrated solar power plants in highly productive areas that are connected to the demand centres through High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cables. We find that it becomes optimal to produce with this source only from 2040 and trade from 2050. In the second half of the century, CSP electricity shares become very significant especially when penetration limits are imposed on nuclear power and on carbon capture and storage operations (CCS). Climate policy costs can be reduced by large percentages, up to 66% with respect to corresponding scenarios without the CSP-powered Super-Grid option and with limits on nuclear power and CCS. We also show that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108260

Economic regional impacts of water transfers: the role of factor mobility in a case study of the agricultural sector in the Balearic Islands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tirado,   Dolores; Lozano,   Javier; Gomez Gomez,   Carlos Mario.
Using a CGE model for the Balearic Islands, we simulate the effects of an agricultural water market in the farming sector facing reductions in the water endowment. The market lessens the negative effects on farming communities of short-term water restrictions associated with cyclical droughts. However, in scenarios of permanent reductions, such as those envisaged by global warming predictions or those that result from the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive, a water market may aggravate the negative effects of water shortage. Therefore, the paper shows that generalizations cannot be made about the effects of water markets on farming communities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q1; Q25; R13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99095

Comparing the profitability of farming and forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evison,   David.
This paper updates an analysis of returns from major productive land uses in New Zealand carried out in 2008. Trends in profitability over time are shown, and a preliminary investigation of the relationship between land-use change towards forestry (new land planting) and forestry profitability is described.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Profitability; Farming; Forestry; Land use; Land-use change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99682

BIOFUELS AND LEAKAGES IN THE FUEL MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabik,   Dusan; de Gorter,   Harry.
Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or consumption mandate. Two components of market leakage are distinguished: domestic and international. Leakage with both a tax credit and a consumption mandate depends on market elasticities and consumption/production shares, with the former having a bigger impact. Leakage is also more sensitive to changes in market supply and demand elasticities in the country not introducing biofuels. Although positive with a tax credit, market leakage can be negative with a consumption mandate, meaning that one gallon of ethanol can replace more than a gallon of gasoline. We also show that being a small country biofuels producer does not necessarily mean that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91265

Willingness to Pay for Water Quality Improvements in the United States and Canada: Considering Possibilities for International Meta-Analysis and Benefit Transfer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnston,   Robert J.; Thomassin,   Paul J.
This paper presents a multinational meta-analysis estimated to identify systematic components of willingness to pay for surface water quality improvements, developed to support benefit transfer for Canadian policy development. Metadata are drawn from stated preference studies that estimate WTP for water quality changes affecting aquatic life habitats—a type of study with few Canadian examples. The goals of this paper are to assess the properties of a multinational (United States/Canada) meta-analysis compared to a single-country (U.S.) analog; illustrate the potential information that may be derived as well as the analytical challenges; and assess the performance of resulting meta-functions for benefit transfer.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Meta-regression analysis; Stated preference; Water quality; Willingness to pay; Benefit cost analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59341

MULTI AGENT-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL LANDSCAPE (MABEL) - AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SIMULATION MODEL: SOME EARLY ASSESSMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexandridis,   Konstantinos T.; Pijanowski,   Bryan C.
The Multi Agent-Based Environmental Landscape model (MABEL) introduces a Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) systemic methodology, to simulate land use and transformation changes over time and space. Computational agents represent abstract relations among geographic, environmental, human and socio-economic variables, with respect to land transformation pattern changes. A multi-agent environment is developed providing task-nonspecific problem-solving abilities,  flexibility on achieving goals and representing existing relations observed in real-world scenarios, and goal-based efficiency. Intelligent MABEL agents acquire spatial expressions and perform specific tasks demonstrating autonomy, environmental interactions, communication and cooperation,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11549

The Effects of Aquatic Invasive Species on Property Values: Evidence from a Quasi-Random Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horsch,   Eric J.; Lewis,   David J.
This study uses hedonic analysis to estimate the effects of a common aquatic invasive species – Eurasian Watermilfoil (milfoil) – on property values across an extensive system of over 170 lakes in the northern forest region of Wisconsin. Since milfoil is inadvertently spread by recreational boaters, and since boaters are more likely to visit attractive lakes, variables indicating the presence of milfoil are endogenous in a hedonic model. Using an identification strategy based on a spatial difference-in-differences specification, results indicate that lakes invaded with milfoil experienced an average 13% decrease in land values after invasion.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92216

Temporary carbon storage and discount rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hean,   Robyn L.; Cacho,   Oscar J.; Menz,   Kenneth M.
Several approaches have been proposed for accounting for temporary carbon sequestration in land-use change and forestry projects that are implemented to offset permanent emissions of carbon dioxide from the energy sector. In a previous paper, we evaluated the incentives provided by some of these approaches. In this paper, we investigate further what we call the “ideal” accounting system, where the forest owner would be paid for carbon sequestration as the service is provided and redeem payments when the forest is harvested and carbon is released back into the atmosphere. We demonstrate how discounting affects the net present value of the forest when carbon sequestration is taken into account under this ideal system. Not all carbon is released back into the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon accounting; Reforestation; Discounting; Bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57888

Nonstationarity in the Specification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zapata,   Hector O.; Paudel,   Krishna P.
Numerous studies have addressed the question of the econometric specification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC).  This paper adds preliminary results on nonstationarity and its effect on functional form using a panel data set for the U.S. by state from 1929 to 1994.  It is found that unit-root tests strongly support a unit root in pollutants (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide) and income when testing individual states.  The results from panel data unit root tests provide mixed evidence about nonstationarity in EKC data.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets curve; Fixed and random effects; Parametric models; Water pollution; Watershed; Nonstationarity; Unit-roots; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19270

BEYOND THE GREEN BOX: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14417

Economics - Floodwater Damages to Roads and Bridges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hofstad,   O. Wesley; Hodges,   Thomas C.G.; Buland,   David.
The purpose of this technical note is to update an earlier 1961 Memorandum, EWP-59, which had been cancelled, to provide planning staffs with a list of the types of data needed to appraise floodwater damages to roads and bridges and conditions likely to cause bridge failurc. Basic to the analysis of floodwater damage is the determination of the elevation at which damages begin, the elevation at which maximum damage is most likely to occur, and damage estimates at intermediate elevations. The following is a list of data that needs to be obtained and developed by the engineer, hydrologist, geologist, and economist to make a joint appraisal of floodwater damages.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6709

Co-financing Implications for Regional Policy-Making: A Case Study for the Agri-environmental Programme in Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
Financing agri-environmental programmes in the European Union (EU) takes place in a multi-level system with mixed co-financing and shared financial responsibilities. In this paper we analyse how co-financing influences policy-making in regions taking the case of the agri-environmental programme in Saxony-Anhalt. Using an interactive linear programming approach the implications of several co-financing scenarios are analysed. EU co-financing certainly enhances the financial volume for the agri-environmental programme in Saxony-Anhalt; but as regional policy-making is distorted by the scheme of mixed co-financing as compared to unconditional financial transfers, the priorities for measures vary depending on different EU co-financing scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Co-financing; Federalism; Interactive programming; Policy-making; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18814

Revenue-Recycling and the Efficiency and Spatial Distributional Impacts of Development Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bento,   Antonio M.; Franco,   Sofia F.; Kaffine,   Daniel T.
Recent studies that compare the efficiency and distributional impacts of alternative instruments to curb sprawl typically ignore what to do with the revenues from anti-sprawl policies, such as development taxes. This paper extends first-best analysis of development taxes aimed at preserving land at the urban fringe to account for interactions with other distortions within the urban system. By incorporating urban decline at the city core, which in turn, generates negative neighborhood spillover effects and extra pressure for development at the urban fringe, we provide a more complete framework to evaluate the efficiency and distributional impacts of development taxes. We consider three potential alternative schemes to recycle the revenues: lump sum...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Urban Sprawl; Revenue-Recycling; Regional Coordination; Spatial Modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; R14; R38.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51104

How can the primary sector lead us out of recession? …constraints to and facilitators of growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Champion,   Scott.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96834

AGRICULTURAL POLICY, LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: STUDIES IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SYNTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oltmer,   Katrin.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29088

Adoption of Clean Leather-Tanning Technologies in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In many developing countries, a host of financial, institutional, and political factors hamstring conventional environmental regulation. Given these constraints, a promising strategy for controlling pollution is to promote the voluntary adoption of clean technologies. Although this strategy has received considerable attention in policy circles, empirical research on the adoption of clean technologies in developing countries is limited. This paper presents historical background and original survey data on the adoption of five clean tanning technologies by a sample of 137 leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, a city where tanneries have serious environmental impacts and conventional environmental regulation has repeatedly failed to mitigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean technology; Leather tanning; Developing country; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; 013; 033.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10881

World Economic Crises in Times of Environmental Scarcity and Wealth Concentration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
Three new structural factors underlie the latest great world crisis: (1) the incorporation of highly populated countries into the growth process; (2) The increasing scarcity of the environment and certain natural resources; (3) the dramatic concentration of wealth and income in the advanced economies over the last two decades. These structural changes have significantly tightened the links between world growth and commodity demand, made the world commodity supply increasingly inelastic, and rendered economic growth more dependent on lax monetary and financial policies, respectively. All this may make the world economy highly vulnerable to crises and may make the recovery from the current crisis more difficult.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56408

IMPACT OF PRODUCTION CHANGES ON INCOME AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mapp,   Harry P., Jr.
Regional and farm-level analyses are conducted to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of water quality protection policies.  The regional analysis evaluates reducing nitrate losses by reducing per-acre nitrogen use, taxing nitrogen use, taxing irrigation water use, and reducing furrow irrigation.  Incentives to convert furrow systems to sprinkler and LEPA systems outperform the other policies.  The firm-level analysis derives farm plans that limit the expected values of environmental indices for nitrates and pesticides, and reduce the probability that specified targets will be exceeded.  The analysis demonstrates the importance of evaluating environmental risk as stochastic process.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Converting irrigation systems; Environmental risk; Environmental risk models; Regional environmental analysis; Taxing irrigation water; Taxing nitrogen use; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15369

Umsetzungsprobleme in der deutschen Klimapolitik: Eine empirische Uberprufung polit-okonomischer Erklarungsansatze
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bockem,   Alexandra.
Deutschland ist weltweit einer der größten Emittenten von Kohlendioxid und für einen beträchtlichen Teil des CO2-Ausstoßes der EU verantwortlich. Aus diesem Grund hat sich die Bundesregierung schon Mitte der achtziger Jahre mit dem Problem des Klimawandels befaßt und sich bereits 1990 zu einem CO2-Reduktionsziel verpflichtet. Darüber hinaus wurde ein umfangreiches Maßnahmenprogramm zur Umsetzung der Reduktionsverpflichtungen entworfen. Obwohl die Emissionsentwicklung seit 1990 rückläufig ist, besteht weiterhin ein großer Handlungsbedarf in der Klimapolitik. Die Erreichung des 25 %-igen Reduktionsziels bis zum Jahr 2005 (Basis 1990) erscheint zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt unwahrscheinlich. Ursache hierfür ist die mangelnde Umsetzung von ökologisch wirksamen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26071

An Assessment of the UN's Millennium Development Goals and its Millennium Declaration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The United Nations’ Millennium Declaration, passed by the General Assembly in September 2000, is assessed with particular attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and associated targets outlined in the Declaration. The focus of the article is not so much on the extent to which these goals are being met but on the adequacy of the Declaration itself.  The fundamental values outlined in the Declaration are listed and assessed. The Millennium Development Goals are means for the attainment of these values, along with some other objectives specified in the Declaration.  Both sets of objectives are examined, with most attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and Targets. The Millennium Development Goals aim to reduce social and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: United Nations' Millennium Development Goals; Environmental sustainability; Poverty eradication; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123453

Environmental Governance, Globalisation and Economic Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Increasing globalisation of economic activity and accompanying economic growth have been factors in the worldwide loss of natural environments and biodiversity loss, and these losses have accelerated since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Emissions of many types of pollutants and wastes from human activity are rising globally and are exceeding the capacity of natural environments to absorb and neutralize them. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the quality and size of some natural sinks for neutralizing them (such as forests) are declining. Consequently, these wastes are accumulating in many environments and pose a growing threat to human welfare and to sustainable economic development. There are, for instance, global concerns about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Environmental governance; Environmental law; Environmental regulation; Globalisation; Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Transboundary pollution; Transboundary natural resources.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55341

Air Pollution Costs in Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strukova,   Elena; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
The paper presents estimation of the health losses from urban air pollution in Ukraine.  The methodology developed by US EPA and adjusted in Russia for Eastern European transition countries was applied for health risk assessment. PM2.5 was identified as the major source of human health risk, based on experience from the Russian studies. In the absence of reliable computed concentrations of PM2.5, the study was based on monitoring data of total suspended particle (TSP) emissions in Ukraine. Additional cases of mortality and morbidity were calculated based on reporting data on TSP concentration that was recalculated into PM2.5. Then the concentration–response function was applied to estimate individual risk. Next, individual risk was applied to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12206

Valuing Forest Ecosystem Services: A Comparison of the Effects of Attitudes and Demographic Characteristics on Willingness to Pay
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Racevskis,   Laila A.; Lupi,   Frank.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21146

Designing choice experiments to incorporate tests for geographic scale and scope differences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Designing a choice modelling (CM) experiment to place a value on increasing protection of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) raises complex issues. The size and diversity of the GBR, and the number of different pressures impacting on it, mean protection and improvement scenarios can be drafted in several different ways. This report discusses some of the considerations in selecting, describing and combining choice attributes. It also looks at how to incorporate tests for geographic scale (size) and scope (complexity) differences into the design of the CM survey instrument. The potential to include information about management options designed to achieve increased protection, and the associated risk and uncertainty, is also discussed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Scale; Scope; Coral reef; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94802

Global Climate Policy and Corresponding Activities on a City-Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sippel,   Maike.
Cities are not affected by global climate policy and the Kyoto Protocol - however many of them engage in voluntary activities. This paper analyses how communities in general and especially the city of Hamburg can contribute to global climate protection in their citypartnerships according to the slogan "think global, act local". Possible activities are in the fields of awareness-raising, capacity-building, exchange of experiences and joint project implementation. A focus is layed on projects according to the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in north-south citypartnerships. There is a clear potential for reduction of transaction costs in this kind of projects due to the institutional links of the citypartnership. For Hamburg, CDM-potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Citypartnership; Climate policy; Hamburg; Kyoto Protocol; Transaction costs; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26247

Economic Consequences of Pollinator Declines: A Synthesis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bauer,   Dana Marie; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper surveys the literature on pollinator declines and related concerns regarding global food security. Methods for valuing the economic risks associated with pollinator declines are also reviewed. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is introduced to assess the effects of a global catastrophic loss of pollinators. There appears to be evidence supporting a trend towards future pollinator shortages in the United States and other regions of the world. Results from the CGE model show economic risks to both direct crop sectors and indirect non-crop sectors in the economy, with some amount of regional heterogeneity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Pollinators; Food security; Valuation; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95903

A BALATON VÍZGYŰJTŐJÉN FOLYÓ MEZŐGAZADSÁGI TERMELÉS HATÁSA A TÓ KÖRNYEZETI ÁLLAPOTÁRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marton,   Istvan.
A Balaton vízminőségének, a tó állapotának romlása több tényezőre visszave-zethető, hosszú folyamat eredménye. Az egyes tényezők szerepének meghatáro-zása a rendszeres és teljes körű, minden szennyező faktorra kiterjedő mérések hiánya miatt napjainkban is gondot okoz, részben becslésen alapul. Mégis vissza-térő kérdés, hogy a leromlásért melyik ágazat az első számú felelős. A 80-as évek elején a feladatok meghatározásakor a tó vizének tápanyag feldúsulásáért a me-zőgazdaságot kiáltották ki fő felelősnek. Ugyanakkor szakértői vizsgálatok egy-értelműen bizonyították, hogy a Balatonba kerülő hatóanyag maximum 3-5%-a lehet műtrágya eredetű, ami önmagában a vízminőség gyorsütemű romlását nem idézhette elő. Akik kizárólag a mezőgazdaságot okolták a Balaton...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Műtrágyázás; Környezetszennyezés; Vízminőségjavító intézkedések - artificial chemical use; Environment burden; Arrangements for increasing water quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54300

IWRM and Food Security Project in Kafue Basin: Process Documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chisaka,   Jonathan.
The purpose of this report is to show the process of the intervention made through the implementation of the IWRM and Food Security Demonstration Project in Zambia. The report gives details of the project processes, showing the steps the project went through, the outcomes and its impact on the communities where it was implemented. The report is the result of a number of field visits made to the completed project sites, the sources of information have been; focus group meetings, interviews, discussions with key informants, beneficiaries the youth, male and female stakeholders and reviews of project activity reports, and direct observations. Therefore, what is presented here is a cumulative “factual and real time” opinion as to what has been observed and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Project planning; Project management; Water storage; Pumping; Wells; Participatory management; Leadership; Water policy; Central government; Local government; Irrigation water; Zambia; Kafue River Basin; Katuba; Namwala; Chibombo; Agribusiness; Community; Rural; Urban Development; Crop Production; Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics; Land Use; Production Economics; Research and Development; Emerging Technologies; Research Methods; Statistical Methods; Resource; Energy Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Community involvement; Tech Change.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91805

Recent Macroeconomic Dynamics and Agriculture in Historical Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David.
This article explores the similarities, differences, and implications from the 1970s–1980s experience for the macroeconomic dynamic that may arise from the 2008 price spike and subsequent recession. Role of monetary policy (deviations from Taylor rule) is assessed. This is an argument that has not been too prominent in public discourse about causes of the financial crisis or the policies undertaken to restore stability to financial markets and avoid an even deeper downturn than occurred. The ‘‘misery index’’ is compared across the past and recent macroeconomic events. Effects on agriculture of exchange rates are reviewed, effects dependent on currency values and interest rates that can change quickly and in unexpected ways.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Monetary policy; Exchange rates; Macroeconomic effects on agriculture; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; E52; F41; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92581

MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: THE IMPACTS ON A DEVELOPED COUNTRY HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
This paper focuses on the impact of mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG) on agricultural trade.  In particular, the paper assesses the impact on New Zealand (NZ), which is highly reliant on agricultural trade, with a high percentage of its total GHG emissions are originating in the agricultural sector. The paper also analyses the impact of mitigation strategies in the European Union (EU), which has a low proportion of GHG coming from agriculture, a highly protected agriculture sector, and is a major market and competitor for NZ.  Results from a partial equilibrium trade model, the LTEM, show clearly that while these mitigation strategies achieve the goal of GHG reduction, producer returns are also negatively affected.  The value of these changes in emissions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production system; Greenhouse gas emissions; Partial equilibrium trade model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25912

Entscheidungsunterstutzung bei der Gestaltung von Agrarumwelt-programmen: Ein Interaktiver, PC-Gestutzter Programmierungs-ansatz fur Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Daenecke,   Ernst; Hager,   Astrid; Kastner,   Kerstin; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
The increasing importance of measures under the so called "second pillar" of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union raises new challenges to decision-makers. The definition and operationalisation of goals as well as the implementation of concrete measures is a complex task. Decisions have to be made on priorities for goals and measures and finally on the allocation of the budget. In this article we demonstrate how policy-making in complex systems can be supported by co-operation between scientists, policy-makers and administrators. Using a participatory computer-aided programming approach the case of improving the agri-environmental programme of Saxony-Anhalt is examined. Based on interactive simulations together with stakeholders and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Agri-environmental programmes; Decision-making support; Linear programming; Policy consulting; Priority setting; Saxony-Anhalt; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18820

Informal Sector Pollution Control: What Policy Options Do We Have?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In developing countries, urban clusters of informal firms such as brick kilns and leather tanneries can create severe pollution problems. However, these firms are quite difficult to regulate for a variety of technical and political reasons. Drawing on the literature, this paper first develops a list of feasible environmental management policies. It then examines how these policies have fared in four independent efforts to control emissions from informal brick kilns in northern Mexico. The case studies suggest that: (i) conventional command and control process standards are generally only enforceable when buttressed by peer monitoring, (ii) surprisingly, clean technologies can be successfully diffused even when they raise variable costs, in part because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Environmental policy; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10634

Transition to Markets and the Environment: Effects of the Change in the Composition of Manufacturing Output
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vukina,   Tomislav; Beghin,   John C.; Solakoglu,   Ebru G.
The paper measures the changes in environmental quality that occurred in the early years of economic transition for 12 former centrally planned economies using information on 13 pollution effluents in the manufacturing sector and the energy intensity of the value added. For the manufacturing sector, the change in the pollution is separated into scale and composition effects. Pollution decreases substantially in most countries because of large decreases in aggregate manufacturing activity. The composition effect is more diverse depending on the effluent type and country. We examine the reduced form relationship between composition effects coupled with the energy intensity rate of change and the extent of policy reforms. The results indicate a strong...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18327

Compétitivité de la filière anacarde au Bénin: une analyse des effets aux prix de référence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oloukoi,   L.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
La politique agricole du Bénin connaît depuis quelques années, de profonds changements. En effet, les différentes imperfections du marché et les risques liés à la monoculture ont amené l’Etat à opter pour une diversification agricole. Ainsi, neuf (09) filières dont la filière anacarde sont identifiées comme prioritaires. Cette étude utilise la Matrice d’Analyse des Politiques (MAP) pour évaluer la compétitivité des différents segments de la filière anacarde au Bénin. A cet effet, une enquête quantitative est menée auprès des différents acteurs à savoir 198 producteurs, 61 commerçants et 7 transformateurs. Les résultats issus de l’étude montrent que les systèmes de production, de commercialisation et de transformation de la filière sont tous compétitifs....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51998

Climate Policy in the United States and Japan: A Workshop Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Tamura,   Kentaro.
Resources for the Future and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Japan) convened a one-and-one-half day workshop on domestic and international climate policy on February 12–-13, 2004 in Washington, D.C. On the first day, 55 participants heard presentations from 14 speakers and discussed domestic activities, economics, and politics. The second day featured a smaller group of 27 participants hearing six informal sets of comments and discussing opportunities for international collaboration. Participants included government officials from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and other U.S. administration and congressional staff; representatives from business and environmental groups; and academic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; United States; Japan; Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10771

Stabilization of Upland Agriculture under El Nino Induced Climatic Risk: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tawang,   Ariffin bin; Tengku Ahmad,   Tengku Ariff bin; Abdullah,   Mohd. Yusof bin.
During the last twenty years, the incidence of abnormal weather variation has increased, mainly due to El Nino. In Malaysia, the El Nino induced weather change has resulted in prolonged dry seasons, which have led to severe drought and increased temperatures. This has been further compounded by the formation of haze due to the large scale burning of forest and plantations for land preparation. These phenomena brought serious implications for farm productivity and land use patterns. This report describes, analyzes and quantifies the impact of El Nino induced climate variability on the agricultural sector and the rural economy. It also proposes measures to mitigate the damage and to stabilize agricultural production for the welfare of the rural population at...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Agricultural sector; Plant production; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32667

On the Robustness of Robustness Checks of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galeotti,   Marzio; Manera,   Matteo; Lanza,   Alessandro.
Since its first inception in the debate on the relationship between environment and growth in 1992, the Environmental Kuznets Curve has been subject to continuous and intense scrutiny. The literature can be roughly divided in two historical phases. Initially, after the seminal contributions, additional work aimed to extend the investigation to new pollutants and to verify the existence of an inverted-U shape as well as assessing the value of the turning point. The following phase focused instead on the robustness of the empirical relationship, particularly with respect to the omission of relevant explanatory variables other than GDP, alternative datasets, functional forms, and grouping of the countries examined. The most recent line of investigation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12045

ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY LINKAGES IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: THE NITRATE PROBLEM AND CAP REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51117

FARM-LEVEL RESPONSE TO AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENT CONTROL STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Michael L.; Adams,   Richard M.; Miller,   Stanley F.
This article examines economic incentives and other mechanisms to offset non-point source pollution from agriculture. A biophysical simulator to estimate technical relationships is linked to linear programming models for representative farms in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The models are then optimized for profit maximization under alternative non-point pollution control policies. The results indicate that site-specific resource conditions and production possibilities greatly influence policy effectiveness and the cost of achieving pollution abatement. Nevertheless, some abatement is possible on all farms for relatively little cost.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30744

The Regulation of Private Sector Participation in Urban Water Supply and Sanitation: Realising Social and Environmental Objectives in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnstone,   Nick; Wood,   Libby; Hearne,   Robert R.
There has been a significant increase in private sector participation (PSP) in the urban water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in recent years. However, even with increased PSP, public authorities will still have to: ensure that the service providers do not use their market power to exploit customers; internalise public health and environmental externalities; provide mechanisms whereby water consumption is sustainable and is allocated efficiently between alternative uses; and, serve as a guarantor of a level of service provision which is consistent with a basic standard of living. While there is considerable literature addressing the first of these four issues, the latter three are less adequately addressed. Through a review of five case studies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24142

Technology Spillovers and Stability of International Climate Coalitions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nagashima,   Miyuki; Dellink,   Rob B.
Cooperation in international environmental agreements appears difficult to attain because of strong free-riding incentives. This paper explores how different technology spillover mechanisms among regions can influence the incentive structures to join and stabilise an international agreement. We use an applied modelling framework (STACO) that enables us to investigate stability of partial climate coalitions. Technology spillovers to coalition members increase their incentives to stay in the coalition and reduce abatement costs, which leads to larger global payoffs and a lower global CO2 stock. Several theories on the impact of technology spillovers are evaluated by simulating a range of alternative specifications. We find that while spillovers are a good...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Modelling; International Environmental Agreements; Non-cooperative Game Theory; Technology Spillovers; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; O33; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7442

The lower Krishna Basin trajectory: relationships between basin development and downstream environmental degradation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Venot,   Jean-Philippe; Sharma,   Bharat R.; Rao,   Kamineni V.G.K.
Basin water development and rural dynamics in the Krishna Basin have led to a degradation of downstream ecosystems manifesting itself by salinizing soil and groundwater, increasing pollution, disappearing mangroves and desiccating wetlands. Reversing this evolution requires the formal recognition of the environment as a water user in its own right and the implementation of an environmental water provision. This provision should be based on a two-tier allocation system with assured discharges in the irrigation canals of the delta and to the ocean. This will lead to further commitment of water resources but this is needed to reconcile the social, economic and environmental objectives of a sustainable development. Other measures facilitating integrated...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Lakes; Environmental degradation; Ecosystems; Mangroves; Water allocation; Groundwater; Water quality; Salinity; Irrigated farming; Institutions; Irrigation canals; Rural development; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44515

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON LIVESTOCK AND LAND-USE MANAGEMENT: THE BORANA PLATEAU, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Kamara,   Abdul B.; Kirk,   Michael.
The Borana people are the predominant ethnic group on the Borana Plateau in southern Ethiopia. Though traditionally transhumant pastoralists, they have recently increased their reliance on crops. Rainfall in the region averages between 353 mm to 873 mm; variability is high, with coefficients of variation ranging from .21 to .68. Anectdotal evidence implies that the vulnerability of pastoralist households to drought is increasing; stock levels increase dramatically during good rainfall years but plummet when rainfall is poor, indicating that the drought cycle is becoming more pronounced. In recent years, there has also been a dramatic increase in land allocated to crops, and land allocated to pastures that are either privatized or accessible to only a small...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Borana Plateau; Land-Use Management; Southern Ethiopia; Livestock; Crops; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16083

RIMPhil: a bioeconomic model for integrated weed management of annual barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Philippine rice farming systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beltran,   Jesusa C.; Pannell,   David J.; Doole,   Graeme J.; White,   Benedict.
This paper describes a complex, dynamic simulation model that has been developed for the analysis of integrated weed management programmes for the control of annual barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice farming systems in the Philippines. Users of the model may simulate any feasible combination of 49 weed treatments options across wet and dry cropping seasons over 5, 10, 15, and 20 year periods, subject to a predetermined sequence of planting methods. The main outputs of the model include weed seed and plant densities and seasonal and annualised profit over the simulated planning horizon. Model output emphasises the substantial economic benefits associated with effective long-term weed management strategies. In addition, the most-profitable weed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Barnyardgrass; Bioeconomic model; Integrated weed management; Rice farming systems.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104637

Consequences of Biofuel Policies on U.S. Farm Household Wealth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keeney,   Roman.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49456

AN OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE - AN APPLICATION IN ATLANTIC SALMON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hean,   Robyn L.
In this paper the optimal management strategy for intensive aquaculture is viewed in terms of a combined strategy of releasing the optimal number of recruits and harvesting those recruits at the optimal harvesting time. A model which can be used to determine the optimal management strategy is developed. In the model the optimal harvesting model documented by Bjorndahl (1988, 1990) in which harvesting and feed costs are considered, is extended by including release costs and how they influence the optimal number of recruits. The model forms the basis for an empirical analysis in which the optimal management strategy for a yearclass of Atlantic salmon farmed in Australia during 1989-91 is considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22426

THE IMPORTANCE OF SPATIAL DATA IN MODELING ACTUAL ENROLLMENT IN THE CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM (CREP)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Bills,   Nelson L.; Poe,   Gregory L.
This paper uses actual enrollment and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data in six geographically diverse states to demonstrate that enrollment rates in the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) are a function of the incentives offered.  If aggregate county land use data were used, as has been done previously, incentives appear insignificant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20151

A Profile of Public Officials, Government Structure, and Environmental Issues in the Lower Sheyenne River Basin, North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Nelson,   William C.; Saxowsky,   David M.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120853

Distinguished Fellows Address: Climate change policy and the science of design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Robert P.
Climate change has the potential to drive transformations in natural resource access, availability, and use that will have significant, far‐reaching impacts worldwide, not only for those of us living today but also for future generations. As economists we are being called upon to assess the economic impacts of alternative climate change scenarios and the costs of efforts to mitigate and adapt to the adverse consequences of climate change. I classify these professional activities as “economic analysis,” and I cite John Quiggin’s 2011 AAEA Fellows Address (Quiggin 2012) as one of many noteworthy contributions we have made. Equally important, we are being asked to design economic artifacts – institutions, markets, contractual relationships, measuring and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121412

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2009 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2009 report begins with a special feature which describes indicators to benchmark competitiveness of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector at the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Competitiveness; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59885

Trade Liberalization in the South African Livestock Industry: implications for rural development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oyewumi,   Olubukola Ayodeju; Jooste,   Andre; Britz,   Wolfgang; van Schalkwyk,   Herman D.
Livestock farming is an important facet of agriculture and livelihood in South Africa. It forms the essence of rural agriculture contributing food, socio-economic stability, employment and income. After the liberalization of the agricultural sector and phasing out of past protection mechanisms South Africa introduced a process of tariff reform. Furthermore, a system of tariff rate quotas was introduced in compliance with WTO regulations. A partial equilibrium comparative static model was used to investigate the impact of further liberalization in the livestock industry of South Africa, particularly in meat products using four policy scenarios. Specific emphasis was given to the liberalization of the current TRQ regime. The implication of the results are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51997

AIR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, FUTURE NEEDS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flocchini,   Robert.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33146

Environmental Management in Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Southgate,   Chris; Hulme,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30572

The Timing of National Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions in the Presence of Other Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dellink,   Rob B.; Hofkes,   Marjan W.
This paper shows in an empirical context that substantial cost reductions can be achieved in the implementation of Dutch national climate policy by (i) targeting the policy at the stock of greenhouse gases, thus allowing polluters flexibility in their timing of emission reductions; and (ii) integrating climate policy with other policies, thereby optimising the restructuring of the economy needed to achieve environmental policy targets. A dynamic applied general equilibrium model with bottom-up information on abatement techniques is used to show that the optimal timing of GHG emission reductions tends to follow the timing for the other environmental themes with an additional emphasis on emission reductions in the later periods. The optimal mix of technical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12031

Agri-environmental program compliance under heterogeneous conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE INCLUSION OF LESS-FAVOURED AREAS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bittner,   Beata.
Agricultural economics and its part, rural economics plays a determining role in Hungary. Most rural families perform self-sufficient farm production for a living. In the present conditions of infrastructure and human resources, there are regions where the only rural alternative for employment is agriculture. There are significant differences among the regions considering natural resources and equipment available for farm production, and these differences affect potential income (Vörös et al. 1999). The primary aim of the European Union is to reduce such differences among the regions.The new research program of the University of Debrecen tackles the fundamental questions of regional development through the research and management of social asymmetries by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Less-favoured areas; Small regions in the northern great plain; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43579

Multi-Market Trading for Cooperative Resource Management: An Application to Water Pollution and Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Shortle,   James S.
Increasingly, environmental problems are recognized to involve linkages across multiple environmental variables (e.g., pollution and a fishery).  Prior work on managing these complex, linked systems generally focuses on efficiency rather than implementation.  However, implementation is important and will generally involve changing human behaviors within the multiple economic sectors that impact upon the multiple environmental variables.  Tradable permit markets are generally seen as a coordinating mechanism, within a particular regulated sector, that enhances efficiency by incentivizing agents to respond to behavioral choices of others within the sector.  However, prior work stops short of coordinating behaviors across multiple sectors for cases where...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Permit trading; Fisheries; Pollution; Shapley values; Bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103591

Controlling Agricultural Emissions of Nitrates: Regulations versus Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lally,   Breda; Riordan,   Brendan; van Rensburg,   Tom M.
Two policy instruments, input taxes and regulations, can be used to deal with nitrate pollution. However, in practice command and control (CAC) measures such as input regulations and management practices, as outlined in Action Programmes under the EU Nitrates Directive, rather than economic instruments, are commonly used to deal with nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. Action Programmes are to meant to ensure that the applications of nitrogen to farmland are within limits calculated to avoid a level of nitrate emissions to water supplies that would put them above the concentration limit of 50mg/litre specified in the Directive. The premise of the Action Programmes is that farmers should take all reasonable steps to prevent or minimise the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7981

Network Constrained Wind Integration: An Optimal Cost Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maddaloni,   Jesse D.; Rowe,   Andrew M.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Planning electricity supply is important because power demand continues to increase while there is a concomitant desire to increase reliance on renewable sources. Extant research pays particular attention to highly variable, low-carbon energy sources such as wind and small-scale hydroelectric power. Models generally employ only a simple load levelling technique, ensuring that generation meets demand in every period. The current research considers the power transmission system as well as load levelling. A network model is developed to simulate the integration of highly variable non-dispatchable power into an electrical grid that relies on traditional generation sources, while remaining within the network’s operating constraints. The model minimizes a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electric networks; Optimal power flow; Wind power; Intermittent sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37034

TAXATION AS A MEANS OF REDUCING NITROGEN FERTILIZER USE IN MINNESOTA CORN PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onianwa,   Odili; Alderfer,   Richard; Levins,   Richard A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13281

The Welfare Effects of Restricting Off-Highway Vehicle Access to Public Lands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jakus,   Paul M.; Keith,   John E.; Liu,   Lu; Blahna,   Dale.
Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use is a rapidly growing outdoor activity that results in a host of environmental and management problems. Federal agencies have been directed to develop travel management plans to improve recreation experiences, reduce social conflicts, and diminish environmental impacts of OHVs. We examine the effect of land access restrictions on the welfare of OHV enthusiasts in Utah using Murdock’s unobserved heterogeneity random utility model (Murdock 2006). Our models indicate that changing access to public lands from fully “open” to “limited” results in relatively small welfare losses, but that prohibiting access results in much larger welfare losses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Off-highway vehicles; Recreational access; Unobserved heterogeneity; Random utility model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59337

Institutional Economics and the Behaviour of Conservation Organizations: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation.  It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow the diversity of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional Economics; NGOs; Non-government conservation; Organizations; Biodiversity conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55099

Outlook for U.S. Retail Food Prices and Inflation in 2010 (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leibtag,   Ephraim S.
As food and energy commodity prices surged in late 2007 and most of 2008, there was a renewed interest in updated estimates of the impact of these increases on retail food prices. The drop in commodity prices (September 2008- March 2009) leads to the same set of questions in the opposite direction. This presentation uses regression analysis to estimate how much of the change in commodity costs is passed through to retail prices and, just as important, estimate the time lag between commodity price changes and retail price changes across a number of food groups. The presenter will then focus on the outlook for food prices in 2010 given the results of the analysis described above.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62074

Voluntary Environmental Action and Export Destinations: The Case of Forest Certification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moeltner,   Klaus; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
There is an increasing tendency for forest product firms worldwide to adopt sound environmental management practices by voluntarily agreeing to have their forest practices certified by third parties. Using a simple model of profit maximization, we illustrate that the puzzling emergence of this non-state, self-imposed governance structure is compatible with firms' profit motives. An empirical model using firm data from three countries shows firm location and export destinations play a key role in firms' decisions to seek certification, while the nature of forestland ownership has no significant impact on certification decisions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export markets; Forest certification; Profit maximization; Discrete choice models; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31100

Optimal Design of Permit Markets with an Ex Ante Pollution Target
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rabotyagov,   Sergey S.; Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.
In this paper, we examine the design of permit trading programs when the objective is to minimize the cost of achieving an ex ante pollution target, that is, one that is defined in expectation rather than an ex post deterministic value. We consider two potential sources of uncertainty, the presence of either of which can make our model appropriate: incomplete information on abatement costs and uncertain delivery coefficients. In such a setting, we find three distinct features that depart from the well-established results on permit trading: (1) the regulator's information on firms' abatement costs can matter; (2) the optimal permit cap is not necessarily equal to the ex ante pollution target; and (3) the optimal trading ratio is not necessarily equal to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Delivery coefficient; Ex ante pollution target; Ex post pollution target; Permit trading; Total permit cap; Trading ratio; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18347

Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: Value and Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.
We investigate the value of carbon sequestration in a dynamic model, demonstrating that it is only a fraction of the value of emission abatement unless the sequestration, the natural decay rate of carbon and the discount rate.  We also show that to optimally reduce the carbon stock, sinks should be utilized as early as possible.  Further, we propose and assess three mechanisms to efficiently introduce sequestration into a carbon permit trading market, a pay-as-you-go system.  We show that, although the three mechanisms may not be equally feasible to implement, they are all efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18380

Cereal price instability in Ethiopia: An examination of sources and policy options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shahidur,   Rashid; Meron,   Assefa.
Managing food price instability is a long standing policy challenge, which, with mixed experiences of agricultural price policy reforms, has re-emerged as a contemporary policy issue. This is particularly true for Ethiopia, where managing food price stability continues to be a formidable policy challenge. The objective of this paper is to examine the underlying causes of cereal price instabilities and to assess the policy options to manage them. It undertakes three tasks: (a) analyzes the sources and degree of cereal price instability, (b) discusses the viability of various policy options, and (c) critically reviews the country’s past, ongoing, and emerging policies for food price stabilization. The results show that the determinants of price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cereal; Policy; Price instability; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51999

Feedlots, Air Quality, and Dust Control- Benefit Estimation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Chin-Hsien; Park,   Seong Cheol; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Amosson,   Stephen H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal feeding operation; Dust; Odor; Externality; Social welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103786

An evaluation of the environmental care orientation of deciduous fruit producers in the Western Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Dijk,   T.; Kleynhans,   Theo E.
A classification system developed to evaluate the environmental care orientation of companies and, more specifically, their strategies to deal with the environmental care requirements prescribed by the market was applied to the deciduous fruit sector in the Western Cape. A survey was done to determine the attitude towards and status of, environmental care activities amongst deciduous fruit producers who have already obtained Eurepgap certification or who are busy preparing for the certification audit. A questionnaire was used and the responses were judged in terms of the guidelines of the classification system. The nature of the typical South African - European deciduous fruit export supply chain is that South African producers desire to supply the retail...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9480

DATA AND MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: North,   Ronald M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30512

EQUITY IN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS FROM WATER HARVESTING AND GROUNDWATER RECHARGE – AN ECONOMIC STUDY IN SUJALA WATERSHED PROJECT IN KARNATAKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seema,   H.M.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
In this study, economic impact of water harvesting and groundwater recharging was analyzed in the context of Sujala watershed equity and efficiency in the distribution of benefits in Chitradurga district, Karnataka. Field data for 2004-05 (drought year) and 2005-06 (normal year) from 30 sample farmers in Sujala watershed form the data base for the study. Another sample of 30 farmers from Non-Sujala (or DPAP) watershed, and 30 from outside watershed area form the control. Farmers were further classified as: (i) those who had bore well irrigation; and (ii) those who had no borewell irrigation in order to assess the impact of watershed. It was found that the amortized cost per functioning well and cost per acre inch of groundwater in Sujala watershed is lower...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Sujala watershed program; Externalities; Drought; ANOVA.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43618

An Initial Assessment of Policies for Saving  a Rare Australian Glider: Experimental Results, Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Reviews the ecological status of the mahogany glider and describes its distribution, habitat and abundance, life history and threats to it. Three serial surveys of Brisbane residents provide data on the knowledge of respondents about the mahogany glider. The results provide information about the attitudes of respondents to the mahogany glider, to its conservation and relevant public policies and about variations in these factors as the knowledge of participants of the mahogany glider alters. Similarly data is provided and analysed about the willingness to pay of respondents to conserve the mahogany glider. Population viability analysis is applied to estimate the required habitat area for a minimum viable population of the mahogany glider to ensure at least...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation policies; Contingent valuation; Knowledge; Mahogany glider Petaurus gracilis; Population viability analysis; Social cost-benefit analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51290

Farming profitably in a changing climate: a risk management approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Colin; Knight,   Catherine; Nation,   Eloise; Barratt,   David.
Climate science has made enormous progress over the last two decades in understanding the nature of earth's climate and the changes that are taking place. Under climate change projections, we can say with some confidence that the Australian climate will continue to become hotter, and temperature-related extreme events are likely to increase in frequency. However, we cannot yet project with any reasonable level of confidence changes to rainfall and the occurrence of drought.  So although there is strong evidence for the reality of climate change, there is still considerable uncertainty associated with projections of precisely how climate change will unfold in the future, particularly at regional and local scales where most farming management decisions are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Risk management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9255

THE WHAT, HOW AND WHERE OF NATURE CONSERVATION AND AGRICULTURE: THE CO-ORDINATION OF ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC, BEHAVIORAL AND SPATIAL ASPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wossink,   Ada; van Wenum,   Jaap; Jurgens,   Clifford; de Snoo,   Geert.
An approach is presented to address three questions: (a) what is considered as valued nature at the farm level, (b) how can nature management be integrated in farming practice, i.e. operational and behavioral acceptability, and (c) where should nature management be implemented, i.e. the optimal spatial arrangement.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21029

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION -- NORTH CAROLINA'S APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangum,   Fred A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17336

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) - Liability for Non-Permanence under the UNFCCC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven; Jung,   Martina.
Prior to CoP 10, our discussion paper "On the Integration of Carbon Capture and Storage into the International Climate Regime" argued that carbon capture and storage (CCS) was similar to carbon sequestration in the area of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). This was criticized by several readers who observed that treating CCS as a removal activity (sink) would not be compatible with the UNFCCC sink definition, what we already had mentioned in the paper. The present paper is based on the UNFCCC definition and analyses how CCS could be integrated into the climate regime. As CO2 may re-enter the atmosphere after injection into geological reservoirs, the question of long-term liability has to be considered. Apart from this aspect, additional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage; CDM; Climate Change; UNFCCC; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26131

An Iterative Auction for Spatially Contiguous Land Management: An Experimental Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Simanti; Shortle,   James S.; Kwasnica,   Anthony M.
Tackling the problem of ecosystem services degradation is an important policy challenge.  Different types of economic instruments have been employed by conservation agencies to meet this challenge. Notable among them are Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes that pay private landowners to change land uses to pro-environmental ones on their properties. This paper focuses on a PES scheme – an auction for the cost-efficient disbursal of government funds for selection of spatially contiguous land management projects. The auction is structured as an iterative descending price auction where every bid is evaluated on the basis of a scoring metric – a benefit cost ratio. The ecological effectiveness and economic efficiency of the auction is tested with data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Economic experiments; Auctions; Spatial contiguity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103220

Impact of Environmental Policies on the Adoption of Animal Waste Management Practices in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Savage,   Jeff; Ribaudo,   Marc.
We use data from the ERS-NASS ARMS surveys to compare the use of best management practices on poultry and livestock farms inside the watershed and outside the watershed. Animal operations within the Chesapeake Bay States were found to be adopting some important manure management practices at a greater rate than operations outside the watershed. Adoption was taking place before the implementation of the TMDL, indicating that farmers may have been acting in response to building public pressure to reduce pollution.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chesapeake Bay; Confined animal operation; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123246

TARGETING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN AGRICULTURE: IPM AND BMPS AS ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weaver,   Robert D.; Kim,   Taeho.
Nonparametric technical efficiency estimates of potentially polluting input use in soybean and wheat indicate substantial heterogeneity across farms.  This implies large costs would be associated with uniform standards or incentives to regulate these inputs.  While technical efficiency is not observable, indicators of environmentally beneficial practices are found useful predictors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; DEA; Environment performance; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21576

Le performance ambientali dei processi di produzione agricola. Cosa la Carbon Footprint dei prodotti agroalimentari non è in grado di dire.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Passeri,   N.; Blasi,   E.; Franco,   Silvio.
Molti studi analizzano il rapporto tra produzione agricola ed emissioni di gas serrra. Nella quantificazione dell’impatto ambientale del settore aagroalimentare, in termini di gas serra, si sta affermando la metodologia del Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) normata dalle ISO 14040 e 14044. Tra i diversi i risultati, l’analisi LCA determina l’Impronta Carbonica (C Carbon Footprint), derivante dagli utilizzi di materia ed energia nelle fasi di produzione, trasformazione, distribuzione, consumo e smaltimento di un prodootto agroalimentare. La metodologia LCA considera l’attività agricola come un processo industriale e, concentrandosi sulla determinazione delle emissioni per i singoli fattori immessi nei processi produtt tivi e non considerando l’intrinseca capacità...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Bilancio ecologico; Produzione agricola; Impronta ecologica; Impatto ambientale.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124124

Farm-Level Risk Management Using Irrigation and Weather Derivatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Shanshan; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Hoogenboom,   Gerrit.
An agronomic crop growth model—the Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer—and a constant relative risk aversion utility function are used to examine corn irrigation strategies in Mitchell County, Georgia. Precipitation contracts are designed to help farmers manage risk. Three conclusions originate from the findings. First, the optimal irrigation strategy can greatly increase producers’ certainty-equivalent revenue. Second, changes in water pricing policy would have a limited impact on the amount of water used. And third, across levels of risk preference, the precipitation contracts are not effective in increasing certainty-equivalent revenue or reducing cumulative water use.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation risk management; Water pricing policy; Weather derivative contract; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D8; G22; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46986

An Application of Conjoint Analysis in Agricultural Sustainability Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sydorovych,   Olha; Wossink,   Ada.
Increasing public interest in the concept of sustainable agriculture has resulted in the development of a number of methods that could be used for the assessment of sustainability of various agricultural production systems. Because of its complex, multi-dimensional nature, sustainability is most often assessed using numerous indicators, which make aggregate comparisons among systems difficult. In this paper we propose a methodology that could be beneficial in aggregate sustainability assessment. We apply conjoint analysis to identify economic, social, and ecological attributes that are perceived as important for agricultural sustainability by different stakeholders and to assess their relative impact on the overall sustainability measure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conjoint analysis; Choice experiments; Sustainability assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44464

Threats to Aquatic Environments: Is Aquaculture a Solution?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naylor,   Rosamond L.
Marine ecosystems and fisheries face serious threats from over-fishing, run-off of land-based pollutants, introductions and invasions of exotic species, coastal development and habitat alteration, unintended by-catch, and climate change. Annual global fish catches fluctuate between 80 and 90 million metric tonnes (MMT) and appear to be declining. As a result of limitations on wild capture, aquaculture has emerged as a major player in seafood production and marketing worldwide. During the past decade, global output of farmed finfish and shellfish almost tripled in weight and nearly doubled in value. This paper shows how aquaculture is both a contributing factor and a possible solution to the decline in world fisheries. The threats include overfishing of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124070

THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF COLORADO'S GOLF INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watson,   Philip; Davies,   Stephen P.; Thilmany,   Dawn D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36247

Costing water quality improvements with auction mechanisms: case studies for the Great Barrier Reef in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
Australian governments continue to commit significant resources to the protection of the Great Barrier Reef. Funding for the Reef Rescue Programme is focused on reducing the impact of agricultural production on water quality.   Information about the costs and benefits of funding proposals is limited. As a result, the key challenge for policy makers is to identify where funding is most efficiently applied. While there is adequate information about the costs of various inputs for reducing water quality, the costs of achieving various outputs is much more limited.  Water quality tenders show the opportunity costs of changing agricultural practices. They allow policy makers to better understand the potential costs of misallocating public resources. It also...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Conservation tenders; Market based instruments; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94884

EMERGING ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper outlines emerging issues in agricultural trade and the environment.  Its intent is to provoke discussion, rather than to capture all of the issues and details that merit analysis.  It focuses primarily on "micro" issues rather than global issues such as green house gas emissions or biodiversity, although these are in many respects simply the aggregation of questions that must be resolved by changes in practices and incentives at the farm level.  It begins with a description of the stylized facts of trade-environment interactions, arguing that the widely cited "Kuznets function" underscores our ignorance concerning the mechanisms linking growth, trade, and pollution.  Especially in agriculture, there is evidence that market and government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14383

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR IN EMISSIONS TRADING PROGRAMS: SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
While there is a substantial body of economic theory about compliance and enforcement in emissions trading programs, and readily available information about how existing emissions trading programs are enforced, there are no empirical analyses of the determinants of compliance decisions in emissions trading programs. This paper contains preliminary results from laboratory experiments designed to examine compliance behavior in emissions trading programs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22039

Managing environmental flow objectives under uncertainty: The case of the lower Goulburn River floodplain, Victoria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heaney,   Anna; Beare,   Stephen; Brennan,   Donna C.
The regulation of river systems to meet water demands for irrigation in the southern Murray Darling Basin has changed the timing and the volume of the natural pattern of flows. Australian governments have committed to restoring, in part, winter and spring flow regimes to preserve and enhance the riverine environment. These changes will involve trade-offs against the foregone returns to agriculture and between different environmental objectives. To better understand these trade-offs, environmental flow objectives are specified as a change in the inter-arrival time distributions of winter and spring flow events, ranging from brief flooding events to the inundation of flood plains and wetlands over several weeks. Expected costs, and hence the trade-offs,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124315

Potential for Uncertainty about Indirect Effects of Ethanol on Land Use in the Case of Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Wyatt; Meyer,   Seth D.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
The indirect effects of ethanol on land are a focus of recent US biofuel literature and policy. The experiments presented here highlight the sensitivity of land use changes to assumptions about the ability of land to be converted from one use to another and the ease with which decision makers can make these conversions. By varying parameters governing land use in a simulation model, indirect effects on land use can be varied no less widely. Extending this result, there is an inverse relationship between the responsiveness of land allocation, which is a key element of overall supply response in the medium-term, and the magnitude of price effects: for a given shock, greater land response dampens the scale of price changes and lower land response is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54650

CHALLENGES FOR AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN CEE COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zellei,   Anett.
All Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) have been going through a severe agricultural depression since their centrally planned economies collapsed in the early 1990s. It has now become clear that the transition process is far more complex and is likely to be much more protracted than was first expected. The agricultural policies of the Communist era resulted in considerable environmental problems, which are still present to varying degrees even after a considerable decrease in agricultural inputs during the past ten years. On the other hand, CEECs still retain a significant proportion of Europe's biodiversity. The existing low input and low intensity agriculture practised in these countries can be perceived in certain respects as an opportunity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18882

REDUCING NUTRIENT APPLICATION RATES FOR WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK AREAS: POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE PRODUCER BEHAVIOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McSweeny,   William T.; Shortle,   James S.
High rates of commercial fertilizer and animal manure application on cropland have been identified as an important cause of ground and surface water degradation in many areas of the country.  Suggested remedies are often based on the idea that fertilization levels are economically irrational for the individual farmer.  The received wisdom is that farmers could simultaneously improve their own economic well being and reduce the degradation of the ground and surface waters by fertilizing only to meet crop nutrient needs.  Rather than assuming that farmers act irrationally, this study examines the fertilization problem on a mixed crop-livestock farm from the perspective of a risk-averse farmer coping with two key uncertainties: crop yield response to nitrogen...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28805

REFLECTIONS ON IRREVERSIBILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Anthony C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6860

Analysis of Agricultural Economics for the Central Valley Project  Improvement Act Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatchett,   Steven; Mann,   Roger; Zhang,   Bin.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35761

Modelling regional maize market and transport distances for biogas production in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delzeit,   Ruth; Britz,   Wolfgang; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Our location model aims to simulate location decisions for biogas plants based on profit maximisation to generate regional demand functions for maize and corresponding plant size structure and transport distances. By linking it with an agricultural sector model we derived regional maize markets. Comparing results for the REA with a scenario applying uniform per unit subsidy and producing the same energy, we see higher subsidy costs with the REA but lower transportation distances.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biogas; Environmental effects; Transport costs; Choice of location; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53258

Market Power in Tradable Emission Markets: A Laboratory Testbed for Emission Trading in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cason,   Timothy N.; Gangadharan,   Lata; Duke,   Charlotte.
In theory, competitive emission permit markets minimise total abatement cost for any emission ceiling. Permit markets are often imperfectly competitive, however, if they are thin and dominated by large firms. The dominant firm(s) could exercise market power and increase other firms’ costs of pollution control, while reducing their own emission control costs. This paper reports a testbed laboratory experiment to examine whether a dominant firm can exercise market power in a permit market organised using the double auction trading institution. Our parameters approximate the abatement costs of sources in a proposed tradable emissions market for the reduction of nitrogen in the Port Phillip Watershed in Victoria, Australia. We vary across treatments the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market Power; Emission Permits; Experiments; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; C91; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57841

Economic Assessment of Land Retirement in a Transition Economy: a Study Case of Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kucher,   Oleg; Collins,   Alan R.; Fletcher,   Jerald J.
This case study will focus on valuing degraded land conservation and assessment of the potential costs and benefits of large scale land retirement within the transition economy of Ukraine.  The assessment methods will follow the framework developed to estimate costs and benefits of Conservation Reserve Program.  The results of the economic assessment would increase the understanding of the efficient allocation of resources and would lead to developing a market-based approach to agricultural land retirement in transition economy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Assessment; Land Retirement; Transition Economy of Ukraine; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56439

Econometric analysis on economies of scale: An application to rice and shrimp production in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekhora,   Thamrong.
Shrimp production in Thailand has historically been undertaken in the saline and brackish waters of coastal mangroves. In recent years rising demand and prices for shrimp and falling productivity of mangrove areas have motivated an expansion of shrimp production into the fresh-water margins of river estuaries that were previously used for rice cultivation. Generalised additive models, which offer a comprehensive approach to regression analysis, are mainly used for empirical analysis, and model development and specification for rice and shrimp production in this study. This paper presents a brief introduction to generalised additive models, discusses how they are applied to develop cost functions to satisfy the restriction of production theory, and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Shrimp; Returns to scale.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124086

Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
Key policy issues relating to protection of the Great Barrier Reef from pollutants generated by agriculture are to identify when measures to improve water quality generate benefits to society that outweigh the costs of reducing pollutants. The research reported in this paper makes a key contribution in several key ways. First, it uses the improved science understanding about the links between management changes and reef health to bring together the analysis of costs and benefits of marginal changes, helping to demonstrate the appropriate way of addressing policy questions relating to reef protection. Second, it uses the scientific relationships to frame a choice experiment to value the benefits of improved reef health, and links improvements explicitly to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling experiment; Attribute definition; Input output definition; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q. 15; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100705

The Effects of Penalty Design on Market Performance: Experimental Evidence from an Emissions Trading Scheme with Auctioned Permits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Restiani,   Phillia; Betz,   Regina.
This paper investigates the behavioural implications of penalty designs on market performance using an experimental method. Three penalty types and two penalty levels are enforced in a laboratory permit market with auctioning, including the Australian Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme proposed design of tying the penalty rate to the auction price. Compliance strategies are limited to undertaking irreversible abatement investment decisions or buying permits. We aim to assess how penalty design under the presence of subjects‟ risk preferences might affect compliance incentives, permit price discovery, and efficiency. In contrast to theory, we find that penalty levels serve as a focal point that indicates compliance costs and affects compliance strategies....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Penalty design; Experiment; Auction; Irreversible investment; Abatement; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107586

Comparing Sustainable Value Approach, Data Envelopment Analysis and indicator approaches - An application on German dairy farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehrmann,   Markus.
Objective of this paper is to compare different measurement concepts for sustainability at farm level in Germany: a) Sustainable Value Approach (SV), b) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and c) indicator approaches close to KUL (Criteria for an Ecologically Compatible Land Management). The mathematical programming model FARMIS is extended wrt the underlying subject and applied for quantitative analysis. Indicators based on physical inputs are calculated based on monetary data of national FADN data. The methods are applied to a sample of about 4000 representative dairy farms. Results of SV are given in both absolute values and return-to-cost ratios which take farm size into account. Considering relationships between methods we found out that correlation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable Value Approach; Agriculture sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44140

Environmental Information Disclosure: Three Cases of Policy and Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beierle,   Thomas C.
One of the most notable innovations in environmental management in the past 15 years has been the use of environmental information disclosure as a strategy for improving firms’ environmental performance. Following the Environmental Protection Agency’s success with the Toxics Release Inventory, the agency and Congress initiated a number of other disclosure initiatives. This discussion paper documents the experience of three of these: risk management planning, materials accounting, and the Sector Facility Indexing Project. The paper examines the benefits and costs of these programs, their effectiveness, and the dynamics by which disclosure works.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Disclosure; Toxics Release Inventory; Risk management planning; Materials accounting; Sector Facility Indexing Project; Right-to-know; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10527

Investigating Distance Effects on Environmental Values: A Choice Modelling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.
This paper describes a Choice Modelling experiment set up to investigate the relationship between distance and willingness to pay for environmental quality changes. The issue is important for the estimation and transfer of benefits. The Choice Modelling experiment allows testing distance effects on parameters of environmental attributes that imply different trade-offs between use and non-use values. The sampling procedure is designed to provide a "geographically balanced" sample. Several specifications of the distance covariate are compared and distance effects are shown to take complex shapes. Welfare analysis shows that disregarding distance produces under-estimation of individual and aggregated benefits and losses, seriously hindering the reliability of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Choice Modelling; Distance; Geographical Sampling; Specification Tests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; H4; D6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25566

Designing choice experiments to Test for Anchoring and Framing Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Choice experiments (CE) are increasingly used as a stated preference technique to value changes in non-market goods. Respondents to a CE survey are asked to make repeated choices between alternatives. Each alternative is described by a number of attributes – the attributes levels vary across alternatives and choice sets. A monetary attribute is typically included so that marginal values for changes in the non-market attributes presented can be estimated.   The monetary attribute has central importance. However, there has been limited research on the impacts on respondents’ choices of changing the (range in) levels of the monetary attribute presented in CE surveys. This is known as the ‘anchoring’ effect. The ‘framing’ of non-market attributes may also...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Valuation; Anchoring effect; Starting point bias; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94810

Estimating China’s Energy and Environmental Productivity Efficiency: A Parametric Hyperbolic Distance Function Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Zibin; Jin,   Xiangrong; Dong,   Xuebing; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Since the beginning of this century, China’s annual GDP growth is over 9%.  This growth is fueled by large increases in energy consumption, led by a coal-dominated energy structure, and associated with higher sulfur dioxide emissions and industry dust.  In 2008, China accounted for over 17% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and accounts for nearly three-quarters of global energy growth.  At an average annual energy growth rate over 12% since 2000, China’s future share of primary energy consumption will continue to increase.  A consequence of this growth is China becoming the global leader in sulfur and carbon dioxide emissions.   To deal with these energy and environmental challenges, the government set energy saving and pollution reduction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental productivity efficiency; Hyperbolic distance function; China's energy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60918

VALUING PREFERENCES OVER STORMWATER MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES GIVEN STATE-DEPENDENT PREFERENCES AND HETEROGENEOUS STATUS QUO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Londono,   Catalina; Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
Paper removed at the request of the authors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; State-dependent preferences; Stormwater; Aquatic habitat; Choice experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103415

Nitrogen Trading in Lake Taupo: An Analysis and Evaluation of an Innovative Water Management Strategy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duhon,   Madeline; Young,   Justine; Kerr,   Suzi.
This paper provides a concise introduction to and evaluation of the Lake Taupo nitrogen cap and trade program established as part of Waikato Regional Council's recent Regional Plan Variation Five. The policy establishes a catchment-wide cap on nitrogen losses by allocating farmers individual nitrogen discharge allowances and allowing those farmers flexibility to trade allowances amongst themselves and to sell allowances to a public fund while remaining within the overall catchment cap. This paper seeks to explain the structure and evolution of the nitrogen trading market and to analyse its impact thus far by drawing on a wide variety of relevant perspectives. Research drawn from written material and basic quantitative data provide the basis for analysing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115353

The Economic Valuation of Marine Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil.
In a democratic system, policy makers have to take the preferences of the citizens into account. Since we live in a world with scarce resources, one is asked to make choices regarding the use and management of these resources. In this context, if policy makers decide to invest in the protection of marine ecosystems, less financial resources will be available for other policy areas, for example national health. Moreover, the investment in the protection of marine ecosystems brings along with it the provision of a wide range of benefits to humans though most are not priced in the existing markets – for example climate regulation and provision of habitat for biodiversity. Given that most human activities are priced in one way or other, in some decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Marine Ecosystem; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Approach; Europe; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54286

Evaluation of Agro-Environmental Policy through a Calibrated Simulation Farm Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   Kristiana; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
This paper evaluates the production and income effects from the adoption of one popular agro-environmental measure, which concerns buffer strips along field edges, on a representative sample of crop farms in Belgium taken from the Farm Accountancy Data Network database. We represent the economic behaviour of each crop farm with a profit-maximisation programming model that embeds an estimated ex-ante flexible cost function. We calibrate the simulation model using the Positive Mathematical Programming approach. Accounting for farm and regional heterogeneity, simulation results show how crop farms may respond differently to incentives for the agroenvironmental measure. Results demonstrate that economic incentives can be an effective mechanism for encouraging...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114577

Regulatory Drivers of Environmental Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menhan,   G. Tracey.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33336

Kosten-Wirksamkeitsanalyse unterschiedlicher Randstreifenbreiten in einem Uferrandstreifenprogramm zur Reduktion des Risikos chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel---Entwicklung und Anwendung eines modellbasierten Indikators im Agrarsektormodell RAUMIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sieber,   Stefan; Holm-Muller,   Karin; Gutsche,   Volkmar; Kreins,   Peter.
A variety of agri-environmental instruments can be used to combat water pollution by pesticides in agriculture according to the regulation EC 1257/1999. The chosen policies should be politically feasible and capable to prevent external effects cost-effectively. One possible policy instrument for Germany is the implementation of nation-wide buffer strip programs. This paper aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of alternative strip widths. Therefore an indicator is developed that reflects the impact of plant protectant use on aquatic ecosystems. This indicator is used to compute reductions in pesticide impact of different strip widths and the agricultural opportunity costs computed by the agri-environmental policy-information-system RAUMIS.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Buffer strips; RAUMIS; Cost-effectiveness-analysis; Environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97399

Does geography matter in nutrient abatement? Bioeconomic model of heteregoneus farm nutrient loads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helin,   Janne.
Economists often rely on stylised models for analysis of environmental policies. This study demonstrates that abstracting from soil and topography can have profound effect on marginal abatement costs of nutrient loads. By extending earlier bioeconomic models to represent heterogeneous soils and slopes, it is possible to show that targeting the abatement methods on high load risk areas allows low cost reduction. Ignoring the heterogeneity can lead to significant overestimates of the abatement costs and hence to misleading policy recommendations. The results hold even for relatively Flat areas, such as the watershed of River Kalajoki, for which the model was applied to.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-point source water pollution; Abatement costs; Heterogeneity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q52.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51693

Construction of National Nature Reserves System in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zheng,   Haiyang; Wang,   Guoxiang.
This paper introduces the construction status of National Nature Reserves in China, and then it points out some primary problems in the construction of National Nature Reserves. Finally, we put forward some related countermeasures and suggestions.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: National nature Reserves of China; Construction status; Biodiversity conservation; Management; Development countermeasures; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53513

The Complex Interaction of Markets For Endangered Species Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Economic models of trade in endangered species products often do not incorporate four focal arguments in the policy debate over trade bans: 1) law-abiding consumers may operate in another market, separate from illegal consumers, that trade would bring online; 2) legal trade reduces stigma, which affects demand of law-abiding consumers; 3) laundering may bring illegal goods to legal markets when trade is allowed; 4) legal sales may affect illegal supply costs. This paper analyzes systematically which aspects of these complicated markets, separately or in combination, are important for determining whether limited legalized trade in otherwise illegal goods can be helpful for achieving policy goals like reducing poaching.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Black markets; CITES; Poaching; Stigma; Environmental Economics and Policy; K42; Q21; D11.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10525

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN KAKAMEGA FOREST AND SURROUNDING FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jepkemei,   Busienei Vivian.
A Thesis submitted to graduate school in partial fulfillment of requirements for Collaborative Masters’ degree in Agricultural and Applied Economics (CMAAE), EGERTON UNIVERSITY. Advisors: Dr. Job K. Lagat and Dr. John Mburu
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117803

MEASURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN LOW-INCOME AGRICULTURE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AND FOREST PRESSURE IN PALAWAN, THE PHILIPPINES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shively,   Gerald E.
Data from the Philippines are used to measure impacts of technical progress in lowland agriculture on upland forests. Irrigation development, labor demand, and employment are studied. Total annual labor use increased following irrigation.  Employment of household members living along forest margins increased also. Time allocation data from the uplands show that increases in employment among households living along the forest margin were accompanied by reductions in forest clearing and forest-degrading activities.  Empirical findings show irrigation-induced increases in agricultural employment can reduce pressure on tropical forests.  Implications for policies and trends in use of labor saving methods that could undermine the observed changes are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Philippines; Irrigation; Rice production; Labor markets; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21626

Analysis of Environmental and Economic Efficiency: Application of the Overseer model and simulated data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramilan,   Thiagarajah; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.; Marsh,   Dan.
New Zealand’s success in raising agricultural productivity has been accompanied by higher input use, leading to adverse effects on the environment. Until recently, analysis of farm performance has tended to ignore such negative externalities. The current emphasis on environmental issues has led dairy farmers to target improvements in both environmental performance and productivity. Therefore measuring the environmental performance of farms and integrating this information into farm productivity calculations should assist informed policy decisions which promote sustainable development. However this is a challenging process since conventional environmental efficiency measures are usually based on simple input and output flows but nitrogen discharge is a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis; Economic; Efficiency; Environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97161

AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOLLOWING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REFORM OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo; Morari,   Francesco.
The results of simulation modelling carried out with GLEAMS on hypothetical scenarios driven by the Reform of Common Agricultural Policy are presented.  The model was set up with data collected in recent research projects to simulate a typical cultivated environment of the Venetian Plain (north east Italy) where field experiments are in progress.  Agro-environmental simulations were conducted over a long period using a 30-year whether record.  First single crops, then entire rotations and finally the whole farm production patterns were simulated, based on the present standard agrotechnologies of the study area and on proposed low input systems.  The alternative farm scenarios were taken from those hypthesised by economists on the basis of the recent Common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14395

Emerging Rights and Risks in the Management of Water Quantity and Water Quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: O'Sullivan,   Dan.
Using transferable water permits has been identified by economists as a necessary tool to efficiently allocate water to its highest valued use. Australian governments have seized the concept and begun to provide mechanisms that separate rights to water from land ownership and allow flexibility to trade the rights. Water trading is slowly taking shape but has been challenged regarding ownership rights and technical applications. Several key studies and projects are now testing a similar process to be used to develop ownership and incentives for diffuse water pollution. This paper analyses how rights to water quantity and water quality are emerging, the policy tools being used, and current challenges for decision makers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water property rights; Pollution; Permit trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31960

The Conservation Reserve Program in the Presence of a Working Land Alternative: Implications for Environmental Quality, Program Participation, and Income Transfer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Secchi,   Silvia; Gassman,   Philip W.
The United States has invested large sums of resources in multiple conservation programs for agriculture over the past century. In this paper we focus on the impacts of program interactions. Specifically, using an integrated economic and bio-physical modeling framework, we consider the impacts of the presence of working land programs on a land retirement for an important agricultural region—the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Compared to a land retirement only program, we find that the presence of a working land program for conservation tillage results in significantly lower predicted signups for land retirement at a given rental rate. We also find that the presence of both a large working land and land retirement program can result in more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Conservation tillage; Environmental quality; Income transfer; Working land programs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18630

Environmental and Trade Policies: Some Methodological Lessons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Espinosa,   Juan Andres.
This paper describes the results of using a new computable general equilibrium model for the European Union that incorporates local and transboundary externalities to evaluate the effects of trade policy reform. In contrast to all past theoretical and empirical research, this model includes the morbidity effects of three criteria air pollutants as nonseparable arguments of household preferences. The model is based on the Harrison-Rutherford Wooton model that identifies 11 regions, six aggregate commodities and three factor inputs. Three modifications were made to the model: (a) Stone Geary utility functions were used to characterize preferences for each consumer; (b) nine morbidity effects due to the three air pollutants were introduced as translating...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade and environmental policy; CGE models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; H41.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10638

Asian Elephants as Agricultural Pests: Damages, Economics of Control and Compensation in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Despite growing attention to crop and property damage caused by the Asian elephant, uncertainty exists about the magnitude of this problem. This paper explores the nature and magnitude of this problem of Sri Lanka. An economic analysis of individual farmers’ decisions to control elephants is provided. Government policies to assist farmers to cope with the elephant pest problem are assessed. Appropriate compensation schemes for farmers are seen as potentially more effective for conserving elephants in Sri Lanka than legal prohibitions on killing of elephants. Issues raised have wider relevance than merely to Sri Lanka or Asian elephants.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Elephant pest problem; Sri Lanka; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48735

MATERIALS BALANCE BASED MODELLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
A new method for analysing environmental efficiency, based on the materials balance, is proposed. With this method, an environmental allocative efficiency measure can be defined analogously to the more commonly used economic allocative efficiency. Nutrient surplus in pig fattening, a typical balance indicator, is used to illustrate the concept in a two input – one output case. The materials balance based efficiency analysis is elaborated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Results are compared with those of more common, merely input or output oriented DEA approaches. A main conclusion is that, ignoring the balance feature of environmental issues such as nutrient surplus might be a main reason why traditional integral analyses of economic and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25916

Distortions in a Multi-Level Co-Financing System: The Case of the Agri-Environmental Program of Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
In this paper we analyze the impact of the EU multi-level co-financing system on regional policy-making and priority setting taking the case of the agri-environmental program of Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. The implications of several co-financing scenarios are analyzed and compared to respective lump-sum transfers using an interactive linear programming approach. The results reveal that regional choices on agri-environmental measures are strongly influenced by the co-financing system leading to distortions. The extent of these distortions depends on the specific regional preferences and restrictions to be considered in the policy-making process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programs; Co-financing; Federalism; Interactive programming; Policy-making; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C61; H72; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25365

Need for institutional impact assessment in planning irrigation system modernization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandaragoda,   Don Jayatissa.
Presents a case study of the institutional implications of remodeling an old irrigation system in northern Pakistan. Highlights the importance for donors and project planners to consider institutional issues such as water allocation rules, operation procedures, and organizational capacity for post-construction system management along with changes to the physical infrastructure.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Irrigation systems; Water allocation; Rehabilitation; Modernization; Case studies; Institutional constraints; Operations; Maintenance; Irrigation canals; Irrigation effects; Pakistan; Lower Swat Canal; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52967

TRANSACTION CHAIN APPROACH TO THE REGULATION OF THE NONPOINT WATER POLLUTION FROM FARMS-RUNOFF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pushkarskaya,   Helen N.; Randall,   Alan.
We offer a decentralized solution to the asymmetric information and hidden action problems in the nonpoint source (NPS) pollution case.  Farmers in the same watershed generate homogeneous NPS pollution.  The regulator, R, pays for (or represents a group of point-source, PS, polluters who pay for) pollution reduction credits earned by the group of the farmers.  To resolve the asymmetric information problem, R is concerned with only the total level of the abatement achieved, while the group of farmers (called the Association, A), undertakes responsibility to distribute the payment so as to induce farmers to deliver abatement.  We show that A can devise an optimal contract to deal with the farmers' hidden action problem.  We identify the restrictions under...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19890

LEAST-COST WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS: USING GIS DATA IN ECONOMIC MODELING OF A WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ancev,   Tihomir; Stoecker,   Arthur L.
Phosphorus pollution from excessive litter application causes eutorphication of lakes in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. Consequent algal blooms impair the taste of municipal water supply drawn from the watershed. The paper shows how GIS data based biophysical modeling can be used to derive spatially optimal, least-cost allocation of management practices to reduce phosphorus runoff in the watershed. Transportation activities were added to the model so that transport of litter within and out of the watershed was possible. Results from the mathematical program suggest that uniform regulation of litter application is excessively costly regulatory measure and hence a regulation that assigns management practices according...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35005

Contract design in agri-environmental schemes with fixed private transaction costs and countervailing incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viaggi,   Davide.
The aim of this paper is to test the relevance of considering private fixed transaction costs for contract design of Agri-Environmental Schemes, when transaction costs are negatively correlated to marginal compliance costs. In order to do so, a principal-agent model of contract design under adverse selection, including fixed private transaction costs, is developed. The model is applied to the design of payments in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy. The results show that fixed transaction costs in the range of those actually faced by farmers may significantly affect the optimal amount of environmental good to be produced by each farm type. In some cases, fixed transaction costs can even reverse the standard insight that more of a public good should be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Principal-agent; Countervailing incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44322

The Effects of Choosing Free Trade on Endogenous Environmental Regulation and Welfare: A Model of Common Agency Government
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Sumeet.
Several studies hypothesize exogeneous environmental regulation as the primary motive for trade between two regions, often predicting a lower welfare for the region with incomplete environmental protection. Such analyses do not allow the region to adjust its environmental policy in response to a shift in the trade regime. Further, they do not allow the region to refuse free trade in the face of a welfare loss. As an alternative I propose a common agency model of government to endogenize environmental policy and the choice of trade regime. Conditions for the incomplete internalization of an environmental externality are specified, and the pollution tax in autarky is compared to that under free trade. The paper finds that moving to free trade induces a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20449

Environmental and Distributional Impacts of Conservation Targeting Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Zilberman,   David; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Resource purchasing funds have become a major tool for environmental protection and resource conservation. These funds use various strategies to target resources for environmental conservation, the choice of which may lead to striking differences in environmental performance. This paper develops an analytical framework to compare the effects of alternative targeting strategies on consumer surplus, producer surplus, and environmental benefits. We demonstrate that ignoring the output price effect of purchasing funds reduces environmental gain from the purchasing fund and, in some cases, may make a purchasing fund counterproductive. A purchasing strategy that targets resources with the highest environmental benefits may be counterproductive even if the price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation funds; Distributional effects; Environmental benefits; Targeting strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy; D1; D2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18528

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IN U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Archibald,   Sandra O.
As the number and cost of environmental regulations have increased over the last thirty years, the regulated community, taxpayers, and policy makers have begun to demand that the benefits of regulations justify their costs.  The use of benefit-cost analysis as an integral part of developing new regulations is increasing and the demands and expectations being placed on the method have expanded. Although benefit-cost analysis is expected to play an even greater role in environmental decision making in the years ahead, questions remain concerning whether benefit-cost analysis can meet these expectations. This paper explores the role of benefit-cost analysis in US public investment and environmental decision making and examines how benefit-cost methods are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14475

Willingness-to-Pay for Red Tide Prevention, Mitigation, and Control Strategies: A Case Study of Florida Coastal Residents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lucas,   Kristen M.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Adams,   Charles M.
Harmful algal blooms (HABS) are natural events with ecological and economic consequences worldwide. Different nations and regions have adapted to HABS in a variety of ways including distinct strategies designed to prevent, control and or mitigate the negative effects of HAB events. In Florida, Karenia brevis is the algae species that has accounted for nearly all of blooms. This algae species is unique in that the toxins produced during the bloom are a neurotoxin that can kill fish and marine mammals and become airborne and affect the respiratory system of humans. The fact that such blooms, referred to locally as “red tides” since a bloom can discolor the water a reddish-brown color, can affect humans is potentially disastrous to a state like Florida that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Harmful algal blooms; Florida; Dichotomous choice; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56498

Forget the Hoe: Managing Invasive Plant Species with Dynamic Programming"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verdone,   Michael; Frasier,   W. Marshall.
Abstract Bromus Tectorum is an invasive plant species known to reduce abundance of native perennial grasses, increase fire frequency and intensity, decrease animal performance, and alter microbial communities and ecosystem processes. Specifically, in the Intermountain West, Bromus has been associated with decreases in livestock performance. Land managers use several methods to control invasion, but no previous studies fully integrate the dynamic interaction between control methods and the biophysical behavior of Bromus invasion. This research uses dynamic programming in conjunction with a process based ecological model to solve for optimal management strategies of Bromus invasion. The model represents biological responses to different management strategies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Programming; Invasive Species; Dynamic Optimization; Agricultural Economics; Natural Resource Economics; Environmental Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61025

What Drives the International Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies? Empirical Evidence from Patent Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dechezlepretre,   Antoine; Glachant,   Matthieu; Meniere,   Yann.
Using patent data from 66 countries for the period 1990–2003, we characterize the factors which promote or hinder the international diffusion of climate-friendly technologies on a global scale. Regression results show that technology-specific capabilities of the recipient countries are determinant factors. In contrast, the general level of education is less important. We also show that restrictions to international trade—e.g., high tariff rates—and lax intellectual property regimes negatively influence the international diffusion of patented knowledge. A counter-intuitive result is that barriers to foreign direct investments can promote transfers. We discuss different possible interpretations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Technology Diffusion; Technology Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O34; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59416

A Report Prepared for the Queensland Commercial Fishermen's Organisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramsay,   Gavin; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Harrison,   Stephen R.; Pullar,   David; Sun,   Samantha; Tibbetts,   Ian.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54346

The Incidence of Pollution Control Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Sigman,   Hilary; Walls,   Margaret; Williams,   Roberton C., III.
This paper reviews theoretical and empirical literature on the household distribution of the costs and benefits of pollution control policies, and ways of integrating distributional issues into environmental cost-benefit analysis. Most studies find that policy costs fall disproportionately on poorer groups, though this is less pronounced when lifetime income is used, and policies affect prices of inputs used pervasively across the economy. The policy instrument itself is also critical; freely allocated emission permits may hurt the poor the most, as they transfer income to shareholders via scarcity rents created by higher prices, while emissions taxes offer opportunities for progressive revenue recycling. And although low-income households appear to bear a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distributional incidence; Emissions taxes; Tradable permits; Environmental benefits; Distributional weights; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; H22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10651

Optimal Soil Management and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oueslati,   Walid.
This paper studies the effects of environmental policy on the farmer’s soil optimal management. We consider a dynamic economic model of soil erosion where the intensity use of inputs allows the farmer to control soil losses. Therefore, inputs use induces a pollution which is accentuated by the soil fragility. We show, at the steady state, that environmental tax induces a more conservative farmer behavior for soil, but in some cases it can exacerbates pollution. These effects can be moderated when farmer introduces abatement activity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Pollution; Environmental policy; Optimal soil conservation; Abatement activities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q28; Q52; H23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24533

The Economic Potential of Composting Breeder and Pullet Litter with Eggshell Waste
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kemper,   Nathan; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.; Hamm,   Sandra J.
Expansion of the wastes coordinated by the Ozark Poultry Litter Bank is needed.  This study examined a method of combining low value poultry wastes to produce compost.  Analyses of four compost blends and two hypothetical production systems provide entrepreneurs with the production and financial information to make informed decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Composting; Poultry industry; Waste management; Product development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q53; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34985

Identifying Environmental Consequences of Conversion Plants: Options for Managing Tradeoffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharp,   Annette.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47351

PROTECTED HORTICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT. AN INTEGRAL DECISION MODEL FOR GREENHOUSE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Salvador Parra.
Over 380000 tons of vegetable waste is produced annually in the “Campo de Dalías” zone (Almería, Spain), deriving from the diverse existing crops grown under plastic cover. Landfills containing this vegetable waste are a potential breeding ground for diseases and pests, they can also be the subject of uncontrolled burning, cause a riverbed blockage and, at the same time, they are an unsightly aspect of the landscape. The only way to prevent or minimize this problem is to adopt a comprehensive and environmentally sensitive waste management program. The utilization of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) has allowed the monetarization of the total environmental benefit of the projects undertaken, composting plant or in an energy recycling process, to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent Valuation Method; GIS; Cost-Benefit Analysis.; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6399

Multiple Environmental Externalities and Manure Management Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Kaplan,   Jonathan D.
This paper considers the economic and environmental implications of regulating water and air nitrogen emissions under single and multi-environmental media policies in the U.S. hog industry. We examine tradeoffs from policies designed to correct an externality in one medium, when there are multiple environmental externalities. We separately and jointly analyze: (a) nitrogen land application restrictions consistent with recently adopted EPA requirements under the Clean Water Act, and (b) hypothetical air quality restrictions under the Clean Air Act, both with and without EQIP payments available to mitigate the costs of complying with nutrient application regulations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ammonia emission; Livestock waste; Mathematical programming; Multiple externalities; Nutrient management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8601

AGRONOMIC, ECONOMIC AND EVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE COMMERCIAL CULTIVATION OF GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO: FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; Mussell,   Al; Mayer,   Holly; Martin,   Larry J.
Glyphosate tolerant (GT) soybeans appear to be popular among many Ontario farmers. For example, Statistics Canada reports that 23% of the 2001 soybean acreage was planted to GT varieties, up from 18% in 2000. However, the environmental impact of GT seeds is perceived as controversial in the minds of some members of the public. This manifests itself in the form of public action on behalf of some activist groups, and a demand for products not containing GT soybeans. The apparent contradiction between producer preferences and public attitudes lies in a general lack of knowledge surrounding the environmental impact of GT soybeans. In this regard, the specific impact of GT soybeans in Ontario is unknown.  Two recent studies (Hin et al., and American Soybean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18102

When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Williams,   Roberton C., III; Goulder,   Lawrence H.
This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to assess the efficiency impacts of two policies to reduce U.S. carbon emissions - a revenue-neutral carbon tax and a non-auctioned carbon quota - taking into account the interactions between these policies and pre-existing tax distortions in factor markets. We show that tax interactions significantly raise the costs of both policies relative to what they would be in a first-best setting. In addition, we show that these interactions put the carbon quota at a significant efficiency disadvantage relative to the carbon tax: for example, the costs of reducing emissions by 10 percent are more than three times as high under the carbon quota as under the carbon tax. This disadvantage reflects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon tax; Carbon quota; Pre-existing taxes; Welfare effects; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; H23; D52.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10514

Efectos distributivos de las compensaciones por inactividad concedidas al sector pesquero afectado por la marea negra del Prestige
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castro,   Daniel Fuentes.
Resumen En el presente trabajo se analizan las ayudas paliativas de primera hora destinadas a compensar la disminución de rentas derivada de la inactividad provocada por la marea negra del Prestige en el sector pesquero y marisquero gallego. En particular se analiza el diseño uniforme de dichas ayudas y sus efectos redistributivos entre los subsectores de actividad afectados. Asimismo se estima el coste total soportado por las administraciones públicas y se muestra cómo una sencilla re-evaluación de las ayudas hubiese permitido ajustar las compensaciones a la realidad económica de cada subsector de actividad afectado, corrigiendo de este modo la notable distorsión en la asignación de los recursos públicos.  Keywords: Marea negra; Prestige; Compensaciones;...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Oil Slick; Prestige; Indemnities; Distributional Effects; Pollution Control Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28769

Water for Irrigated Agriculture and the Environment: Finding a Flow for All
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Downer,   Alexander.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124457

Are Emissions Permits Regressive?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
Grandfathered emissions permits redistribute income to wealthy households by creating firm rents that ultimately accrue to shareholders. Consequently, they can be highly regressive, even if the poor do not have large budget shares for polluting goods. Using an analytical model, this paper estimates the burden borne by different income groups when emissions permits are used to control power plant emissions of carbon, SO2, and NOx. We also compare the burden borne by poor households under permits with that under emissions taxes, performance standards, technology mandates, and input taxes. And we show how the social costs of policies differ from efficiency costs when society has aversion to inequality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equity effects; Pollution controls; Emissions permits; Social welfare function; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H22; H23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10523

IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON CROPPING PRACTICES IN ALBERTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walburger,   Allan M.; Klein,   Kurt K.
A Target MOTAD farm-level model was developed to assess the expected impacts from global warming on representative grain and oilseed farms in Alberta.  It was found that a warmer climate would increase crop yields and length of the cropping season.  Net returns and shadow values of land would increase substantially.  Price risk generally was more important than yield risk under simulated warmer climates.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20943

Crunch Time for Water Quality Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Dennis M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93334

Investigating linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chebbi,   Houssem Eddine.
The aim of this study is to understand long and short-run linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emission using Tunisian data over the period 1971-2004. Cointegration procedure is used to analyze the time series properties of the series and error-correction terms were considered to test for the direction of Granger causality. Statistical findings indicate that economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emission are related in the long-run and provide some evidence of inefficient use of energy in Tunisia, since environmental pressure tends to rise faster than economic growth. The short-run analysis, provide support for causality running from CO2 emissions growth to output growth, both in the short-run and the long-run. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollutant emissions; Economic growth; Cointegration; Causality; Tunisia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50944

A MODEL OF POTENTIALLY IMMISERIZING UNILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14037

Ethanol Plant Investment using Net Present Value and Real Options Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Luo,   Jianchuan; Tauer,   Loren W.
A real option analysis of dry-grind corn ethanol plants compared to a standard net present value analysis (NPV) shows that the option values increase entry prices and lower exit prices of investment and disinvestment considerably. For a large plant, the gross margin of ethanol price over the corn price for a gallon of ethanol using NPV shows that entry will occur with a $0.45 margin and shutdown will occur at a $0.38. Under a real options framework, the margins for entry and exit become $1.33 and $0.13, respectively. Under baseline conditions, a large operating plant would become mothballed at $0.18 and reactivate if margins rebounded to $0.66. Growth in the variability of ethanol margins will delay new plant investments, as well as exits of currently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Net Present Value; Real Options Analyses; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D21; D81; Q4.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51145

Petroleum Industry's Economic Contribution to North Dakota in 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51989

A Nemzeti Vidékstratégia a mezőgazdasági vízgazdálkodás és az öntözésfejlesztés tükrében
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biro,   Szabolcs; Kapronczai,   Istvan; Szekely,   Erika; Szucs,   Istvan.
A Nemzeti Vidékstratégiai Koncepció (Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium, 2011) vitaanyagának előszava a természeti erőforrások felértékelődésére, a természeti környezet védelmére, valamint a mezőgazdaság és a vidék szoros kapcsolatára hívja fel a figyelmet. Ennek tükrében élelmiszerelőállítás csak a talajok, az ivóvízbázisok és a táj fenntartását eredményező, a jó környezeti állapotot és az élővilág sokszínűségét megőrző, valamint a vidéki életformát, a helyi közösségeket és kultúrát megóvó jó minőségű és biztonságos alapanyagokra épülő termelés mellett értelmezhető. Jelen vitacikk a mezőgazdasági vízhasználat vidékstratégiai vonatkozásait kívánja feltárni, felhasználva kutatási eredményeinket1 és figyelembe véve vizsgálataink alapján megfogalmazott...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Természeti erőforrások; Föld; Öntözés; Klíma; Role of natural resources; Land; Climate change; Irrigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119906

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD RISK AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Ronald A.; Clark,   Nathan; Skees,   Jerry R.
Crop insurance provides risk reduction benefits yet may increase planted acres in risky areas. This paper investigates the relationship between environmental quality and crop insurance induced changes in cropping pattern. Results suggest that yield risk and soil erosion are positively correlated for the majority of acreage in the study area.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21984

Die monetäre Bewertung von Naturgütern zwischen ökonomischer Theorie und politischer Umsetzung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hampicke,   Ulrich.
During the past 15 or so years, a considerable number of valuation studies have been published in German language concerning nature conservation mostly in the agrarian countryside, using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). These are documented here and briefly commented on. In the sequel, well-known objections in the literature against this method are discussed and rejected or at least attenuated, thereby referring to more comprehensive literature. Upon careful design, the results from CVM studies bear closer examination as to their reliability. It seems doubtful, however, and must even be regarded as refuted in some special cases that their very objective, as formulated from a rigorous microeconomic position, is achieved, that is the disclosure of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Nature conservation; Contingent Valuation Method (CVM); Compensating Variation (CV); Equivalent Variation (EV); Application of CVM results; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98085

Invention and Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies on a Global Scale: A Study Drawing on Patent Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dechezlepretre,   Antoine; Glachant,   Matthieu; Hascic,   Ivan; Johnstone,   Nick; Meniere,   Yann.
Accelerating the development of less GHG intensive technologies and promoting their global diffusion - in particular in fast-growing emerging economies - is imperative in achieving the transition to a low-carbon economy. Consequently, technology is at the core of current discussions about the post-Kyoto regime. The purpose of this study is to fuel this discussion by providing an in-depth analysis of the geographic distribution of climate mitigation inventions since 1978 and their international diffusion on a global scale. We use the EPO/OECD World Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) which includes patents from 81 national and international patent offices. Note that the Least Developed Countries patent a negligible number of inventions, meaning that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation Technologies; Patent Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54361

Impact of Government-Sponsored Pollution Prevention Practices on Environmental Compliance and Enforcement: Evidence from a Sample of US Manufacturing Facilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sam,   Abdoul G.
A two-way fixed effects Poisson model is used to investigate the impact of 43 EPA-sponsored pollution prevention (P2) practices on compliance and enforcement for a sample of facilities in the US manufacturing sector. I find that P2 adoption reduces environmental violations in three industries while increasing violations in two others. P2 adoption also spurs fewer enforcement actions in three industries. I further partition the P2 practices into three categories based on their approach to improve environmental performance. In doing so, I find that practices that involve changes in operating procedures--about a third of adopted P2 practices--such as instituting a self-inspection and monitoring program to discover spills or leak sources, improving maintenance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollution Prevention Act; P2 practices; Compliance; Enforcement; Poisson models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; L51; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49306

The Agricultural Production Survey: The purpose and operation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Groves,   Stephen.
The Agricultural Production Survey (APS) is Statistics New Zealand’s vehicle for collecting important information about New Zealand’s primary production. It is an annual postal survey and covers land use, livestock and arable farming, horticultural and forestry production, and selected farm practices.  The APS programme started with a census in 2002, and continues a history of official statistics that covers agriculture over the past 150 years. The programme has been designed to provide a relevant and stable time series of data, which this paper will demonstrate by describing the programme’s methodology and operation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Survey; Methodology; Statistics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96948

Tea Farming Enterprise Contribution to Smallholders’ Well Being In Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwaura,   Francis; Muku,   Ogise.
Poverty reduction among smallholders has remained a major priority for the Kenyan government. Efforts have been geared to have a streamlined agri-business system like emulated by the tea sub-sector. In the smallholder tea sub-sector, farmers are organized to private companies, owns factories, engage in produce assembling, processing, contract experts for profession services, have micro-financing institutions serving them, and procure fertilizer from overseas in bulk to distribute it to its members. While the success of the organization and operations are visible the impact of the enterprise returns are unknown. The paper discusses the tea farming enterprise contribution to the well being of the smallholders’ tea farmers in central and western highlands of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52127

Beyond the Biosecurity Horizon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   David C.; Fraser,   Rob W.; Wilby,   A.; Waage,   J.K.; Mumford,   John D.
The dynamic process of market globalisation dictates that biological, technological and institutional changes have the capacity to alter the way in which future biosecurity policies are formulated and endorsed. This paper proposes a method of carrying out biosecurity risk profiling for the United Kingdom by comparing agricultural pest incursions under present circumstances with those under future conditions. Changing economic, environmental, social and political climates are set to alter the circumstances of future pest and disease incursions. With this in mind, this paper suggests a means of identifying responsible biosecurity risk management strategies for an uncertain future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58397

Specification of Environmental Emission Trading Options in a Spatial Multi-Agent Simulation Model of Pastoral Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dake,   Chris K.G.; Manderson,   Andrew K.; MacKay,   Alec D.
A risk efficient frontier for a pastoral farm indicates the optimal enterprise mix that allows the farmer to generate the highest income for a given level of financial risk. It is calculated by matching the available range of enterprises (sheep, beef cattle, deer, dairy, exotic forest and indigenous forest) to the mix of land classes available on the farm. The quantity of environmental emissions produced from the farm varies with the optimal enterprise mix along the risk efficient frontier, and therefore enables the farmer to assess the financial consequences of moving along the frontier to achieve a desired level of environmental emissions. This study uses databases of land cover, land classes and farm boundaries to develop a method for estimating the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Whole farm risk modelling; Environmental emissions trading; Multi-agent simulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31968

Environmentally Adjusted Elasticity Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem.
Here, using input, output and nitrogen pollution data related to one state, we propose to extend the elasticity concept to include environmental pollution treated as undesirable output to provide the environmentally adjusted elasticity measures for the period, 1936-1997 in a two-step procedure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35645

Conservation Auctions in Manitoba: A Summary of a Series of Workshops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Packman,   Katherine; Boxall,   Peter C.
Currently, the effect of human impact on the environment is becoming increasingly apparent. The encroachment of human activity has inevitably resulted in the loss or impairment of ecological goods and services (EG&amp;S) around the globe as well as in our own backyard. EG&amp;S include features such as wildlife habitat, biodiversity, soil renewal, or nutrient cycling. The loss of such features has become a sobering reality for Manitobans in the face of the utrophication of Lake Winnipeg as a result of practices contributing to nutrient loading into the lake. Since EG&amp;S are very important to Manitobans, efforts are being made to explore different vehicles to encourage their provision. In order to address some of the environmental issues transpiring in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Conservation auction; Tender; Wetland restoration; Environmental Economics and Policy; D44; Q20; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91423

Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Scientific Versus Traditional Shrimp Farming: A Case Study from India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharya,   Poulomi; Ninan,   K.N.
This paper attempts a social cost-benefit analysis of scientific versus traditional shrimp farming in West Bengal, India. Using primary data, the paper shows that although intensive or scientific shrimp farming yields high returns as compared to traditional shrimp farming, when the opportunity costs and environmental costs of shrimp farming including disease risk are accounted for, scientific shrimp farming loses its advantage. In fact sensitivity analysis shows that if expected benefits were to fall short by 15% and costs rise by a similar proportion, scientific shrimp farmers report higher losses than traditional shrimp farmers. But large traditional shrimp farmers continue to report positive net returns. These results are also most pronounced for small...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Shrimp Farming; Social Cost-Benefit Analysis; Net Present Value; Benefit- Cost ratio; Environmental costs; Opportunity cost; Risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q22; Q51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51227

IRRIGATION DISTRICT ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVING RATE STRUCTURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michelsen,   Ari M.; McGuckin,   J. Thomas; Taylor,   R. Garth; Huffaker,   Ray G.
A binary choice model was used to identify the attributes that influence irrigation district adoption of conservation rate structures. Using principles of rate design and irrigation district  administration as a framework, measures of irrigation district rate structure objectives and physical and economic conditions were developed. The factors investigated characterize the constraints under which districts operate, value and cost of water, quantity of water delivered and revenue risk for districts. Rate structure adoption was predicted with over 75% accuracy. Both significant and non-significant factors are key to understanding rate choice. Districts were more likely to adopt conservation rate pricing when the cost of water to farmers was greater, higher...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20964

The New Australian Government's Primary Industries Policies: Some Implications and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ronan,   Glenn; Cartwright,   Carina.
After more than a decade in opposition, the win by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) at the 2007 Federal Election focuses attention on their pre-election policies. The paper summarises ALP pre-election policies for primary industries, including the resources and seafood sectors; indicates program and policy funding where it is clearly indicated in the policy papers, and commences an interpretation of the implications and opportunities that may develop as the new government proceeds to discuss its policies and their implementation. A major shift in the context for all primary industries policies to 'climate change', irrespective of whether the component policies appear to be little changed is articulated. The detail of climate change policy awaits the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6039

Vulnerability, Income Growth and Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shively,   Gerald E.; Ward,   Patrick S.; Diffenbaugh,   Noah S.
Contributed Paper prepared for presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists’ 2009 Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22, 2009.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Climate change; Economic development; Energy use; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49943

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-10S, "FARM-LEVEL ANALYSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanders,   John H.; Ahmed,   Mohamed A. M.
Micro and farm level data are used to analyze issues of pesticide use, declining fertilized grass-legume pastures, land resource degradation, and intensification and specialization. Health Costs and Externalities of Pesticide Use in Locust and Grasshopper Control in the Sahel Victorin Houndekon, Universite National de Benin; Hugo De Groote, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Investment Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Depreciation:  Improved Pastures in Uruguay Javier Ekboir, Lovell Jarvis, and Carlos Rey, University of California-Davis. Stabilization of Upland Rice Production Under Shortened Fallow in West Africa: Research Priority Setting in a Dynamic Environment and Economic Climate Timothy Dalton, Mathias Becker, and David Johnson....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20894

Economies of Scope in Endangered-Species Protection: Evidence from Interest-Group Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
This paper looks for positive spillovers from the legal protection of one species to the welfare of others, and for evidence of economies of scope in the costs associated with protecting species under the Endangered Species Act. The analyses use data on the intensity of interest-group comment activity in response to proposals to protect new species. The results suggest that these phenomena are significant, strengthening arguments that wildlife-protection policy should be shifted towards species groups or ecosystems. However, the findings are also consistent with diminishing public willingness-to-pay for protected species in a given area, a pattern which also has public-policy implications.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economies of scope; Endangered species; Political economy; Interest groups; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10903

The Optimal Pricing of Pollution When Enforcement is Costly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Chavez,   Carlos A.; Villena,   Mauricio G.
We consider the pricing of a uniformly mixed pollutant when enforcement is costly with a model of optimal, possibly firm-specific, emissions taxes and their enforcement. We argue that optimality requires an enforcement strategy that induces full compliance by every firm. This holds whether or not regulators have complete information about firms’ abatement costs, the costs of monitoring them for compliance, or the costs of collecting penalties from noncompliant firms. Moreover, ignoring several unrealistic special cases, optimality requires discriminatory emissions taxes except when regulators are unable to observe firms’ abatement costs, the costs of monitoring individual firms, or any firm-specific characteristic that is known to be jointly distributed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Enforcement; Emissions Taxes; Monitoring; Asymmetric Information; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7387

EFFECT OF SAND MINING ON GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN KARNATAKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hemalatha,   A.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
Groundwater is a crucial source of irrigation for the farmers in Gauribidanur taluk to eke out the living since there is no other perennial source of irrigation. Currently the irrigation wells in the riparian areas of uttara Pinakini River are seriously threatened due to excessive sand extraction, which in turn affects the groundwater recharge. This has manifested in increase in proportion of well failure. It is imperative that sand mining is seriously (negative externality) affecting the interests of the economy of riparian farmers in this river basin. This calls for a serious, effective and efficient implementation of regulation of sand mining for the benefit of both agriculture and civil works. Currently sand extraction is permitted up to three feet by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sandmining; Externality; Groundwater overdraft; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43619

The Use of Markets To Increase Private Investment in Environmental Stewardship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Hellerstein,   Daniel; Greene,   Catherine R.
U.S. farmers and ranchers produce a wide variety of commodities for food, fuel, and fiber in response to market signals. Farms also contain significant amounts of natural resources that can provide a host of environmental services, including cleaner air and water, flood control, and improved wildlife habitat. Environmental services are often valued by society, but because they are a public good—that is, people can obtain them without paying for them—farmers and ranchers may not benefit financially from producing them. As a result, farmers and ranchers under-provide these services. This report explores the use of market mechanisms, such as emissions trading and eco-labels, to increase private investment in environmental stewardship. Such investments could...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Eco-labeling; Environmental service; Emissions trading; Market; Public good; Supply and demand; Transaction cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56473

Emerging Research and Public Policy Issues for a Sustainable Global Food Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
This paper presents research questions and policy issues related to three emerging issues pertinent to developments in the global food and agricultural supply network. Developments in the production and delivery of food to consumers are rapid, prolific, and extreme. We have gone from a farmer-centric to a consumer-centric food system. The changes are forcing us to revise our thinking about the organization and operation of the food supply chain one-hundred and eighty degrees, to challenge old assumptions about who sets standards and who decides what will be produced. Public policies, which typically lag the world of commerce, will need to learn their relevance and catch-up with dramatic changes in the way business is being conducted. Three examples come to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarketization; Private standards; Diet transition; Obesity; Food defense; Terrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14298

Impacts of Agri-Environmental Policies on Land Allocation and Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
We used Ricardian framework with heterogeneous land quality to analyse how policies used to support farm incomes, reduce negative agri-environmental externalities and enhance the provision of positive externalities influence land allocation decisions and land prices.  Four agri-environmental policy instruments are considered: a uniform area payment, a quality-dependent area payment, a mandatory buffer strip policy and a voluntary buffer strip payment.  We also analyse how general tax and monetary policies may affect agricultural land prices.  The theoretical framework is illustrated by an application to Finnish agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land allocation; Land rents; Agri-environmental policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24466

Derogation on the EU Nitrates Directive: does it make a difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claeys,   Dakerlia; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Marchand,   Fleur L.; Van Meensel,   Jef; Buysse,   Jeroen; Van der Straeten,   Bart; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
The paper discusses an ex ante evaluation of the derogation on the Nitrates Directive for Flanders, Belgium, which is a case of intensive but highly productive livestock areas. The aim is to develop an accurate simulation model to detect small differences in manure surpluses caused by changes of manure production and/or utilization. The system of models consists of various modules to fine tune the calculations of manure production, fertilizing behaviour and manure allocation and disposal on and off farm. The results show that derogation may cause the existing manure surpluses to expire, if only nitrogen limits are considered and no transactions costs are taken into account. When also phosphate fertilization limits are considered, the increase in manuring...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrates Directive; Derogation; Modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44436

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Preliminary Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Biofuel policy; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agro-ecosystem economics; Ecosystem services economics; Agro-environmental trade-off analysis; Mathematical programming; EPIC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98277

On International Equity Weights and National Decision Making on Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anthoff,   David; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions require the aggregation of monetised impacts of climate change over people with different incomes and in different jurisdictions. Implicitly or explicitly, such estimates assume a social welfare function and hence a particular attitude towards equity and justice. We show that previous approaches to equity weighing are inappropriate from a national decision maker’s point of view, because domestic impacts are not valued at domestic values. We propose four alternatives (sovereignty, altruism, good neighbour, and compensation) with different views on concern for and liability towards foreigners. The four alternatives imply radically estimates of the social cost of carbon and hence the optimal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Domestic Climate Policy; Social Cost of Carbon; Equity Weights; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9547

Exploring the role of fertilizer application on the sustainability of Greek potato farms: A DEA application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vasileiou,   Konstantinos Z.
Farm sustainability is becoming an increasingly important issue to European agriculture. However, fertilizer leaching to groundwater is still a major concern for Greek agriculture. The impact on the maximum potential short-run profit and yield, when fertiliser application dose is limited to certain point, was examined, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Spring potato farmers were found to apply rather high doses of chemical fertiliser, which poses high potential risk for nitrate and phosphorus leaching to groundwater. However, restricting nitrogen application to the doses recommended by agronomists would imply only little economic and yield sacrifices on potato farms,but resulting to significant reduction to potential environmental risk.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm management; Data envelopment analysis; Farm sustainability; Shortrun profit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118573

NY Pollution Discharge Elimination Permits for CAFOs, Management Adjustments and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Enahoro,   Dolapo K.; Schmit,   Todd M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Weakening demand for livestock and dairy produce, historically high prices for feed ingredients and increasingly strict regulations on animal waste management continue to put significant pressure on livestock and dairy operating margins. In this paper, we use representative farm mathematical programming models to analyze important linkages between farm management adjustments and changes in farm income due to recent changes in relevant agricultural prices and restrictions on land application of nutrients.  We account explicitly for new restrictions on land application of nitrogen and phosphorus, and specifically applied to confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs).  Our mathematical methods and the distinctive data available allows for the assessment of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAFO regulations; Nutrient management; Manure disposal; Mathematical programming; Environmental quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61143

MODELING FARMERS PREFENCES FOR AGRIENVIRONMENTAL SCHEME DESIGN: A SPANISH CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Espinosa-Goded,   Maria; Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús; Ruto,   Eric.
Agri-environmental schemes (AES) have had a limited effect on European agriculture due to farmer’s reluctance to participate in them. Information on the role that AES design can have on encouraging farmers to participate can be an important input into the design of such policies. This paper investigates farmers’ preferences for different design options related to a specific AES in Spain using a mixed logit error component choice experiment approach allowing for preference heterogeneity and correlation amongst the non status quo alternatives. In particular, findings show farmers preference for greater flexibility in scheme implementation, presence of a fixed-rate payment per contract and additional advisory services. However, heterogeneity in the value of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Agri-environmental schemes; Farmers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50328

THE ECONOMICS OF A PAYMENT FOR WATERSHED SERVICES IN THE WESTERN BAIVAANSKLOOF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gull,   Katie.
The economics of a Payment for Watershed Services (PWS) is examined as a way to finance the restoration of the Baviaans catchment. The proposed PWS consists of Gamtoos-valley farmers “buying” watershed services from upstream farmers in the Western Baviaanskloof, who need to change their farming practices to ensure the delivery of this service. The economic valuation of the watershed services is discussed and it is found that, although more quantitative and scientific research is necessary, the downstream farmers will reap economic benefits and that both parties are willing to participate in the scheme. This is a synthesis paper written for PRESENCE.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98757

GAINS OF REGIONAL COOPERATION: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil.
Cooperation between the states of the Caucasus and Central Asia is paramount in solving the region's environmental problems. Given the acute socio-economic difficulties they face, their slow progress is understandable. Serious environmental and socio-economic consequences cumulate as the neglect persists. Increased oil and gas revenues (for those who have access to these resources) cannot ease such consequences. The exploitation of oil revenues may benefit the national economy, but it does not generally provide enough for the poor local communities that depend on the natural resources of the Caspian for their livelihoods. The international community must therefore help to promote cooperation within the region. The Caspian Environment Program provides an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18723

Integrating Wind Power in Electricity Grids: An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Jia; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Pitt,   Lawrence.
As a renewable energy source, wind power is gaining popularity as a favoured alternative to fossil fuel, nuclear and hydro power generation. In Europe, countries are required to achieve 15% of their energy consumption from wind by 2010 as the EU strives to meet its Kyoto obligations. Wind power is considered to be environmentally friendly and low cost. While environmental friendliness has come under scrutiny because wind turbines continue to pose a hazard to birds, are visually unappealing, affect the uses of land and change air flows, the purpose of this paper is to examine the question of its presumed low cost and effectiveness at reducing CO2 emissions by replacing power generated from fossil fuels. To do so, we develop a mathematical programming model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Wind and nuclear power; Economics of power generation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q40; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37010

The Impact of Management Changes on Discharges to Water and Emissions to Air
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ford,   Stuart.
This is a summary of two projects that were designed to investigate the cost effectiveness associated with adoption of farm management practices designed to reduce discharges to water and greenhouse gas emissions. The first report had the purpose of expressing the results as the financial cost to the case study farm per kg of nutrient discharge reduction achieved, or per mm of water use saved (per year) i.e., the cost-effectiveness of the measures. This second extension of that work had the objectives to both; further scope the research context and parameters and refine and expand the modeling capability. The full range of 11 mitigation options were modeled over the 5 Dairy, 13 Sheep and Beef and 2 Deer Monitoring Models. The results in terms of Nitrogen...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115510

Monopoly Extraction of an Exhaustible Resource with Two Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Laxminarayan,   Ramanan.
Although much has been written about the implications of monopoly power for the rate of extraction of natural resources, the specific case in which the resource can be sold in two markets with different elasticities of demand has escaped notice. We find that a monopolist facing two markets with differing iso-elastic demand schedules extracts more rapidly than the social planner, whether or not arbitrage prevents price discrimination between markets. This analysis is relevant in the case of many resources -such as natural gas used for power generation and household heating, or petroleum used for making plastics and as fuel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exhaustible resources; Monopoly; Markets; Price discrimination; Environmental Economics and Policy; D42; Q3.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10704

The Farm Act's Regional Equity Provision:  Impacts on Conservation Program Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nickerson,   Cynthia J.; Ribaudo,   Marc; Higgins,   Nathaniel.
The 2002 and 2008 Farm Acts increased funding for conservation programs that provide financial assistance to farmers to implement conservation practices on working farmland. Along with seeking cost-effective environmental benefits, these programs have a goal of spreading conservation funding equitably across States. The 2002 and 2008 Farm Acts strengthened this allocative goal by setting a minimum threshold for conservation funding for each State—one that exceeds historical funding for some States—for enrolling agricultural producers in specified conservation programs. This study uses conservation program data to examine evidence of the impacts of the Regional Equity provision of the 2002 Farm Act, and explores the tradeoffs that can occur among...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation program outcomes; Working-land; Land protection programs; State funding levels; Regional equity provision; Cost &amp; benefits; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95452

Joint Implementation and EU Accession Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armenteros,   Mercedes Fernandez; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The countries wishing to join the EU have a high potential for low cost greenhouse gas emission reduction. As they cannot join the "bubble" agreement for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, project-based Joint Implementation (JI) could be a powerful strategy to integrate accession countries into an overall EU climate policy strategy. An important question in this context is whether the "acquis communautaire" will be used to define the baseline for the calculation of emission reductions from JI projects. A problem is that the grace periods for several environmental sectors, e.g. for application of the IPPC directive, differ considerably among countries. The EU should help accession countries to establish a predictable legal framework on which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26370

US BIOFUEL AND CLIMATE POLICIES DUEL OVER CELLULOSIC BIOMASS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Wyatt; Meyer,   Seth D.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91404

Agricultural Nutrient Nonpoint Source Credits: A Comparison of State Crediting Procedures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latane,   Annah; Stephenson,   Kurt.
This paper compares agricultural nonpoint source crediting procedures between the Pennsylvania and Virginia nutrient trading programs.   Differences in farm-level credit production across states will be evaluated for agricultural operations, holding nutrient reduction technologies constant. The implications for the agricultural sector and water quality are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient trading; Credits; Agriculture; Nonpoint; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98823

Banking Permits: Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
Most analyses of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms focus on the cost effectiveness of “where” flexibility (e.g. by showing that mitigation costs are lower in a global permit market than in regional markets or in permit markets confined to Annex 1 countries). Less attention has been devoted to “when” flexibility, i.e. to the benefits of allowing emission permit traders to bank their permits for future use. In the model presented in this paper, banking of carbon allowances in a global permit market is fully endogenised, i.e. agents may decide to bank permits by taking into account their present and future needs and the present and future decisions of all the other agents. It is therefore possible to identify under what conditions traders find it optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6362

POLLUTION AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chisholm,   Anthony H.; Walsh,   Cliff; Brennan,   Geoffrey.
Our economic perspective of the pollution problem characterizes that problem as involving a conflict between the consumption of two broad classes of goods--physical (or produced) commodities and the direct consumption of 'clean environment'. After considering the relative merits of market and political decision-making processes used to achieve appropriate social choices between the consumption of physical goods and 'clean environment', we focus on the alternative policy options for pollution control. The main conclusion we reach is that, in general, fiscal instruments (taxes and subsidies) are a more efficient means of controlling pollution than the widespread use of regulations or other legal instruments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22296

Environmental Protection and Economic Well-Being: How Does (and How Should) Government Balance These Two Important Values?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
The organizers of an Aspen Institute conference have identified what they characterize as "the critical conundrum" - how business, government, and communications media balance the competing values of economic growth and a healthy environment. In this paper, prepared for discussion at the conference, I focus on government policy, and ask how government integrates economic concerns into its development of environmental policies. In addition, I ask whether and how government should carry out such integration of economic and environmental concerns. I consider two dimensions of environmental policy, which are closely interrelated but conceptually distinct: (1) what is the appropriate (and actual) degree of government activity; and (2) what form should (and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10565

Impacto de un incremento de la capacidad de generación de energía a partir de biomasa en plantas de co-generación en Andalucía
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenete,   Manuel Alejandro; Gonzalez,   Jose Manuel; Romero,   Pablo; Populo,   Madel; Roman,   Rocio.
The paper estimates the regional economic impact of renewable energy development (inv) based on the use of biomass. The regional level is Andalusia. The analysis is carried out under the assumption that achieves the goal of renewable energy development set in Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan (PASENER) 2007-2013. To estimate the economic impact, a General Equilibrium Model (CGE) is used based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) updated for Andalusia in 2008. The results show that if the goal of PASENER is met, there might be an increase production of 4.02%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C68; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99102

Mapping climatic risks in the EU agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallego,   Javier; Conte,   Costanza G.; Dittmann,   Christoph; Stroblmair,   Josef; Bielza,   Maria.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/18/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrometeorological models; Climatic risk; European Union; Vegetation indices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9260

Notes on the Economics of Control of Wildlife Pests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some wildlife species are agricultural pests but these populations are often valued by other than agriculturalists. For non-farmers, the population levels of such wildlife are frequently pure public goods. This is one source of market failure in the economically optimal social control of an agricultural pest of this type. Secondly, if the species is geographically mobile, externalities occur between farmers in the control of the species, and this reduces the incentives of farmers as individuals to control the pest species. It is shown that depending on the relative strength of these opposing types of market failure, farmers may excessively reduce or insufficiently decrease the population of a species from a social economic point of view.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market failure; Mobility of pests; Pest control; Pure public goods.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90467

Estimating non-market values under scenario and policy ambiguity: the case of climate change mitigation in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
This report proposes an extension to existing models of non-expected utility (NEU) in the stated preference (SP) literature. The extension incorporates the impact of multiple sources of ambiguity in individual decision making behaviour. Empirical testing of the proposed decision model was carried out in Australia using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation study of a national carbon pollution reduction scheme (CPRS).   The results of the study demonstrate that subjective expectations of the context scenario and subjective policy expectations are important determinants of individual decision making in a stated preference framework. The results of the study also demonstrate that decision weight functions are non-linear (quadratic) in subjective scenario...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Non-expected utility; Scenario ambiguity; Policy ambiguity; Climate change; Australia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93-D81.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94881

Policy for climate change adaptation in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
A number of Australian governments have established or planned programs to assist farmers in adapting to climate change. This paper considers a potential range of policy responses that may be appropriate for climate change adaptation in agriculture. It discusses the extent to which different policy responses may be justified on the basis of market-failure and the likelihood of positive net benefits. While research and extension have the potential to generate significant benefits, there is a need to carefully consider their rationales and emphases. Given the characteristics of climate change (slow, highly uncertain, small relative to climate variability, spatially heterogeneous), the value of information from research and extension to guide farmers’...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59149

Farm Inputs and Agri-Environment Measures as Indicators of Agri-Environment Quality in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katona-Kovacs,   Judit; Takacs,   Peter; Szabo,   Gabor G.
The paper deals with agri-environmental indicators, examines farm inputs, on the basis of statistical data of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Szabo, Pomazi 2002) and the Eurostat (2004). The examined indicators are placed in the agricultural DPSIR model. The paper presents how the use of farm inputs changed in Hungary from 1980-2000. Farm inputs are related to the inputs of the EU-15, the study demonstrates that today they are below the EU- 15 average. Area under agri-environmental measures in 2003 - which covered the 4% of agricultural area of Hungary - as a response indicator is also presented and based in the land-use zone system developed by Godollo Agricultural University (Angyan et al., 1998).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental measures; Farm inputs; Indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24582

Methodological innovations in estimating the (inverse) relationship between farm productivity and farm size in a developing economy: a case study of Burundi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verschelde,   Marijn; Vandamme,   Ellen; D'Haese,   Marijke F.C.; Rayp,   Glenn.
We use a nonparametric estimation of the production function to investigate the relationship between farm productivity and farming scale in poor smallholder agricultural systems in the north of Burundi. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a predominant small scale subsistence farming sector. A Kernel regression is used on data of mixed cropping systems to study the determinants of production including different factors that have been identified in literature as missing variables in the testing of the inverse relationship such as soil quality, location and household heterogeneity. Household data on farm activities and crop production was gathered among 640 households in 2007 in two Northern provinces of Burundi. Four production models...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Inverse relationship; Farm size; Nonparametric; Burundi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; D24; O13; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99359

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE CHANGE: THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Bucholtz,   Shawn; Claassen,   Roger; Roberts,   Michael J.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Gueorguieva,   Anna; Johansson,   Robert C.
This report examines evidence on the relationship between agricultural land-use changes, soil productivity, and indicators of environmental sensitivity. If cropland that shifts in and out of production is less productive and more environmentally sensitive than other cropland, policy-induced changes in land use could have production effects that are smaller-and environmental impacts that are greater-than anticipated. To illustrate this possibility, this report examines environmental outcomes stemming from landuse conversion caused by two agricultural programs that others have identified as potentially having important influences on land use and environmental quality: Federal crop insurance subsidies and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the Nation's...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Crop insurance; Erosion; Extensive margin; Farm policy; Imperiled species; Land use; Land-use change; Land quality; Nutrient loss; Soil productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33591

Price Floors for Emissions Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Peter John; Jotzo,   Frank.
Price floors in greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes can have advantages for technological innovation, price volatility, and management of cost uncertainty. Implementing the schemes, however, has pitfalls.   This research report argues that requiring firms to pay an extra fee or tax is the best way to put a price floor in place. As well as providing budgetary advantages, the fee approach is more compatible with international permit trading than the alternative approaches currently dominating academic and policy debate. The fee approach can also be used for other emissions pricing schemes.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Price floor; Price ceiling; Carbon tax; Emissions trading; Carbon pricing; Price and quality controls; Waxman-Markey Bill; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94885

The Agricultural Policy Environmental EXtender (APEX) Model: An Emerging Tool for Landscape and Watershed Environmental Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gassman,   Philip W.; Williams,   Jimmy R.; Wang,   Xiuying; Saleh,   Ali; Osei,   Edward; Hauck,   Larry M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Flowers,   Joan D.
The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model was developed by the Blacklands Research and Extension Center in Temple, Texas. APEX is a flexible and dynamic tool that is capable of simulating a wide array of management practices, cropping systems, and other land use across a broad range of agricultural landscapes, including whole farms and small watersheds. The model can be configured for novel land management strategies, such as filter strip impacts on pollutant losses from upslope cropfields, intensive rotational grazing scenarios depicting movement of cows between paddocks, vegetated grassed waterways in combination with filter strip impacts, and land application of manure removal from livestock feedlots or waste storage ponds. A...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: APEX; Best management practices; Farm and watershed simulations; Soil carbon; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49156

"Organic District": identification methodology and agricultural policy objectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pancino,   Barbara; Franco,   Silvio; Marino,   Davide.
Italy, unlike other countries, has included the territorial dimension in the recent interventions and regulations of organic agriculture, introducing explicitly the concept of “organic district”. It is defined as a local productive system with a high agricultural vocation where organic production and processing practices are predominant. The main object of this new subject is to promote the diffusion of organic agriculture focusing on the productive and environmental territorial characteristic. In this poster, after a general definition of the organic districts, as they are introduced in the Italian regulations, a method for their identification in a region is proposed. In the final part, some considerations about the role of the organic district within...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic district; Agro-environmental policies; Organic agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44192

GATT AND THE ENVIRONMENT: POLICY RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harold,   Courtney; Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper is a brief review of current problems in which trade and environmental issues intersect.  After a statement of these problems, it focuses on some recent empirical research and future research needs of special relevance to agricultural economists.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14207

Environmental Economics of Ethanol Production – a brief introduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evers,   Jonathan Rhys; Hundloe,   Tor; Daniels,   Peter L.
By treating organic wastes as a resource, and applying a different method of waste management, organic wastes could contribute significantly to global energy needs.   The ethanol distillation process waste product, stillage, is a soup-like waste stream that contains substantial organic content.  By digesting this material   three resources are recovered – biogas (80 per cent methane), biosolids (high in nutrients equivalent to high grade fertiliser) and recyclable water.    Current waste treatment in ethanol production focuses on drying the stillage waste and using the resultant material as mulch to be spread over crops. This is an energy intensive, low-benefit, process that increases production cost.  If a waste treatment process could convert the waste...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94880

Impact of RFS Rules on Rural America: Will demand for CO2 offsets grow? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51578

Lexicographic Preferences in Discrete Choice Experiments: Consequences on Individual-Specific Willingness to Pay Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campbell,   Danny; Hutchinson,   W. George; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
In discrete choice experiments respondents are generally assumed to consider all of the attributes across each of the alternatives, and to choose their most preferred. However, results in this paper indicate that many respondents employ simplified lexicographic decision-making rules, whereby they have a ranking of the attributes, but their choice of an alternative is based solely on the level of their most important attribute(s). Not accounting for these simple decision-making heuristics introduces systemic errors and leads to biased point estimates, as they are a violation of the continuity axiom and a departure from the use of compensatory decision-making. In this paper the implications of lexicographic preferences are examined. In particular, using a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12224

Conservation Reserve Program Participation and Acreage Enrollment of Working Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Sullivan,   Patrick.
Among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants, there is a distinction between farm households using the program to ease out of farming and those using the program to augment production receipts. We find evidence that factors other than farm profitability and environmental factors may influence program participation of farmers who continue agricultural production. Program payments and farm size positively correlate with the amount of land enrolled in the CRP, and characteristics of participants in land retirement and working-lands CRP components are similar.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21361

It Pays to Be Green: A Hedonic Stock Price Model for Environmentally Friendly Large U.S. Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmadin,   Muhammad.
This study attempts to estimate the non-market value of the environmental performance of a firm using a stock price model derived from Rosen’s hedonic price theory. Two different stock market models are developed to estimate the model, a basic firm’s stock market model and a modified Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM). The explanatory variables include risk factors, non risk stock characteristics, and corporate environmental policy, conduct and performance. This study uses Newsweek’s 2009 Green Ranking scores. The results show that risk factors, non-risk stock characteristics, and environmental scores variables are statistically significant in affecting stock price and equity return. The willingness to pay (WTP) are 3¢, 5¢, and 18¢, respectively for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonics model; Stock price; CAPM; Newsweek’s 2009 green ranking; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98807

Investigating distance effects on environmental values: a choice modelling approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.
Analysis of the relationship between distance and willingness to pay (WTP) is important for estimation and transfer of environmental benefits. Several contingent valuation (CV) studies have investigated this topic, but results are mixed. This paper describes a choice modelling (CM) application that estimates distance effects on parameters of three environmental attributes. Combinations of these attributes create different management policies for native vegetation. The CM study is based on a sampling procedure that provides a geographically balanced sample and statistical tests to choose the best specification of the distance–WTP relationship. Welfare analysis shows that disregarding distance causes under-estimation of individual and aggregated benefits and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Geographical distance; Spatial heterogeneity; Stratified sample; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118326

Deciding with long-term environmental impacts: what role for discounting?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven.
The problem of how to discount values in the far future is reviewed, and shown to lead down a blind alley. An alternative is proposed that allows long term consequences to be addressed by decisions using a relatively short term time horizon. A simple model investigating the optimal containment of radioactive waste in a deterministic world is used to show that current generations can indeed cater for the interests of the far future while optimising over the short term; however, this is not always possible. The proposed method seems to address most of the critiques of long term discounting found in the literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58206

Incorporating Environmentally Compliant Manure Nutrient Disposal Costs into Least-Cost Livestock Ration Formulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadrich,   Joleen C.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Black,   J. Roy; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Livestock rations are formulated to minimize feed cost subject to nutritional requirements for a target performance level, which ignores the potentially substantial cost of disposing of nutrients fed in excess of nutritional requirements. We incorporate nutrient disposal costs into a modified least-cost ration formulation model to arrive at a joint least-cost decision that minimizes the sum of feed and net nutrient disposal costs. The method is demonstrated with phosphorus disposal costs on a representative dairy farm. Herd size, land availability and proximity, crop rotation, and initial soil phosphorus content are shown to be important in determining phosphorus disposal costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Linear programming; Livestock rations; Manure disposal; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45525

Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Research on environmental regulation’s effects on economic activity has largely focused on manufacturing, ignoring one of the major polluters in the U.S. – commercial agriculture.  As livestock production has become increasingly mobile, regulation has become an important criterion in firm location.  This article extends the literature on environmental regulation’s economic effects to commercial agriculture by exploiting a series of regulations adopted in North Carolina in the 1990s.  During this time, the state’s hog production more than tripled as a consequence of welcoming state legislation.  This sudden growth creates an opportunity to study how environmental regulation affects the location of economic activity, the externality costs of legislation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Externality; Regulation; Public health; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46591

Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-Visited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, nonpermanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44262

OSHA and the Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Jerome E.; Hanson,   Randall K.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120837

SEQUENTIAL INVESTMENT IN SITE-SPECIFIC CROP MANAGEMENT UNDER OUTPUT PRICE UNCERTAINTY: IMPLICATIONS FOR NITROGEN POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isik,   Murat; Khanna,   Madhu; Winter-Nelson,   Alex.
This paper develops an option value model to examine the extent to which output price uncertainty creates incentives to adopt two interrelated components of site-specific technologies sequentially. It analyzes how the impact of uncertainty on the sequential adoption decision differs across heterogeneous soil conditions, and examines the implications of adoption for nitrogen pollution generation and for the design of a cost-share subsidy policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21875

The Macroeconomic Impacts of Natural Disasters: New Evidence from Floods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cunado,   Juncal; Ferreira,   Susana.
We analyze the economic impacts of floods using new data on 3,184 large flood events in 118 countries between 1985 and 2008. We use panel vector auto-regressions to trace the dynamic response of output to three types of flood shocks. Our results robustly indicate that flood shocks tend to have a positive average impact on GDP growth, that this impact is limited to developing countries, that the effect is not confined to the agricultural sector, and that it is stronger when it is accompanied by an increase in gross fixed capital formation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural Disasters; Floods; VAR; Economic growth; Macroeconomic Shocks; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Public Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103721

TAX REFORM AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: IS A DOUBLE DIVIDEND POSSIBLE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.
We reconsider some analytical arguments on the double dividend, focusing on the small open developing economy case. Compared with the large, mature industrial economies usually considered, such economies differ in several respects, including the structure of tax revenues, commodity pricing and sectoral factor intensities. While a double dividend from environmentally-motivated taxes is not assured, the range of conditions for its existence seems broader than usually implied. Empirically, the scope for achieving both environmental improvements and diminished excess burden in developing economies may be greater as a side-effect of the reform of existing taxes than from imposition of explicit environmental taxes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12634

ANALYZING PEST CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR COTTON WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATRIX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Badger,   Daniel D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29825

Investing in Methane Digesters on Pennsylvania Dairy Farms: Implication of Scale Economies and Environmental Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leuer,   Elizabeth R.; Hyde,   Jeffrey; Richard,   Tom L.
A stochastic capital budget was used to analyze the effect of net metering policies and carbon credits on profitability of anaerobic digesters on dairy farms in Pennsylvania. We analyzed three different farm sizes—500, 1,000, and 2,000 cows—and considered the addition of a solids separator to the project. Results indicate that net metering policies and carbon credits increase the expected net present value (NPV) of digesters. Moreover, the addition of a solids separator further increases the mean NPV of the venture. In general, the technology is profitable only for very large farms (1,000+ cows) that use the separated solids as bedding material.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Stochastic capital budget model; Dairy farm; Alternative energy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45662

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Water resource development has played a significant role in the expansion of agriculture and industry in the Olifants River Catchment. However, currently water deficit is one of the major constraints hampering development in the catchment; both the mining and agricultural sectors are producing below optimal levels because of their reliance on insufficient supplies. In this study, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used to evaluate scenarios of historic, current and future water demand in the catchment. For each scenario, the WEAP model was used to simulate demand in five different sectors (rural, urban, mining, commercial forestry and irrigation) over a 70-year period of varying rainfall and hydrology. Levels of assured supply were...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61095

STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EAST AFRICAN HIGHLANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Place,   Frank; Ehui,   Simeon K.
Low agricultural productivity, land degradation and poverty are severe interrelated problems in the East African highlands. While the proximate causes of such problems are relatively well known, the underlying causes are many and complex, and depend upon many site-specific factors that vary greatly across the diverse circumstances of the region. Thus, no “one-size-fits-all” policy, institutional or technology strategy is likely to suffice to generate sustainable development. While common elements of successful strategies to exist, such as security and macroeconomic stability, the appropriate portfolio of investments in physical, human, natural and social capital will likely be different in different circumstances. In this paper, we argue that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16061

Estimating the CDM Market Under the Bonn Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotzo,   Frank; Michaelowa,   Axel.
We analyse the impact of the agreement on implementation of the Kyoto Protocol achieved at COP6bis in Bonn in July 2001 on investment in greenhouse gas emission reduction projects in developing countries through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The required actual emission reductions for participating Annex B countries overall will be relatively small, as the United States do not intend to ratify the Protocol and significant amounts of carbon sequestered in domestic sinks will be credited to Annex B countries under Article 3.4 of the Protocol. In addition, there is a large potential supply of surplus emissions quota (hot air) from Russia and other economies in transition. This means that demand for certified emission reductions (CERs) from CDM...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26160

The Effect of Label Information on Farmers’ Pesticide Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasing,   Tomas; Carpio,   Carlos E.; Willis,   David B.; Sydorovych,   Olha; Marra,   Michele C.
The general objective of this study was to analyze the effect of labeling information on farmers’ herbicide choice. Herbicide choices made by farmers were used to estimate their willingness to pay for different herbicide attributes. Estimation results indicate that human health and environmental statements displayed on pesticide labels (which reflect higher level of risk) are important components in herbicide selection. For example, it is estimated that farmers are willing to pay, on average, $27 per acre to avoid using an herbicide with the word “Warning” and $38 per acre to avoid using an herbicide with the word “Danger.”
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mixed logit; Household production models; Non-nested models.; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61131

On Endogenous Growth: The Implications of Environmental Externalities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper uses an endogenous growth model to examine the interaction between trade, economic growth, and the environment. We find that whether trade enhances or retards growth depends on the relation between factor intensities of exportable, importable, and R&amp;D and the relative abundance of the factor R&amp;D uses more intensively. Depending on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, the long-run rate of economic growth changes with environmental externalities. Concerns about the environment can explain a significant part of cross-country difference in growth rates. For the empirically reported range of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, countries which care more about the environment grow faster. The effects of trade on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; F11; O31; O41; Q20.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7493

Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Austin,   David H.
Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on the polluter will induce firms to handle hazardous wastes properly and to avoid disposing them into the environment. Economic theory and a few well-publicized cases, however, suggest that a number of factors may dilute the incentives posed by strict liability. In this paper, we run regressions relating unintended releases of pollution into the environment (aggregated at the state level, and followed over nine years from 1987 to 1995) to the imposition of strict liability on the polluter, exploiting variation across states in the liability provisions of their mini-Superfund laws, and in the years these were adopted. We experiment with instrumental variable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Toxic spills; Policy endogeneity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; C33; K32.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10450

Multilevel Impact Assessment and Coping Strategies against El Nino: Case of Food Crops in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irawan,   Bambang.
This study is the second phase of the El Nino study which was undertaken by the CGPRT Centre in five vulnerable countries namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Papua New Guinea. The first phase of the El Nino study did not fully reveal the extent of El Nino impacts on production at the farm level, what efforts are undertaken by farmers to reduce possible production decline and what constraints are faced by farmers to implement efficient coping mechanisms. El Nino impacts on household food security, mitigation efforts applied by farmers to overcome their consumption problems and the role of local institutions or the local government in handling the consequences of El Nino were also neglected by the first phase of the study. Accordingly,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Food crops; Food production; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32714

Water management in the Yellow River Basin: Background, current critical issues and future research needs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giordano,   Mark; Zhu,   Zhongping; Cai,   Ximing; Hong,   Shangchi; Xue,   Yunpeng; Zhang,   Xuecheng.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Water management; Water use; History; Water stress; Water scarcity; Flood water; Soil conservation; Policy; Water quality; Environmental effects; Water conservation; Irrigation water; Pollution control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92826

THE 1995 FARM BILL ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daft,   Lynn M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17491

Conservation and Environmental Policy Options and Consequences for the 1990 Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayer,   Harry W.; Abdalla,   Charles W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60335

Dynamic Programming and Learning Models for Management of a Nonnative Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eiswerth,   Mark E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Lines,   Jeff M.; Eagle,   Alison J.
Nonnative invasive species result in sizeable economic damages and expensive control costs. Because dynamic optimization models break down if controls depend in complex ways on past controls, non-uniform or scale-dependent spatial attributes, etc., decision support systems that allow learning may be preferred. We compare three models of an invasive weed in California’s grazing lands: (1) a stochastic dynamic programming model, (2) a reinforcement-based, experience-weighted attraction (EWA) learning model, and (3) an EWA model that also includes stochastic forage growth and penalties for repeated application of environmentally harmful control techniques. Results indicate that EWA learning models may be appropriate for invasive species management.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive weed species; Optimal control; Adaptive management; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; Q57.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37015

Benefit-costs analysis of climate-related agricultural investments in Africa: a case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Branca,   Giacomo; Lipper,   Leslie; Sorrentino,   Alessandro.
Paper removed at the request of the first (corresponding) author.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Adaptation; Mitigation; Benefit-cost analysis; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; D62; H54; O13; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124109

Towards innovative environmental management in the Agro-food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bremmers,   Harry J.; Haverkamp,   Derk-Jan; Sabidussi,   Anna; Omta,   S.W.F. (Onno).
This article focuses on the problem: what external (stakeholder) and internal (structural/organizational) factors drive companies in the food- and agribusiness towards innovative environmental management? Innovative companies are those considered to have adopted a supply-chain perspective, instead of a focus on the single business unit. We propose that innovativeness is associated with stakeholder wishes (the government, the public environmental policy being a major influential factor), in combination with structural characteristics of the firm (like R&amp;D-efforts, culture and managerial competences). We surveyed 492 companies in 2002, to get insight into the causes of innovativeness in the Dutch agri-food sector, and supplemented this data by means of a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Innovation; Governmental policy; Stakeholder influences; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48328

A Methodology for Assessing National Sustainable Development Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cherp,   Aleg; George,   Clive; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
At the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, governments undertook to develop and adopt national sustainable development strategies as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Only partial progress was reported at the 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg, with uncertainty as to the effectiveness of those strategies that had been introduced. This paper describes a methodology for assessing a country's progress in implementing a national sustainable development strategy for (NSDS) and for identifying potential areas for improvement. Five key principles of sustainable development and strategic planning are identified, and a set of assessment criteria are proposed for each principle. The results of applying the methodology in two Eastern European countries,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Strategic planning; National sustainable development strategies; Transition countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30577

A Carrot-and-Stick Approach to Environmental Improvement: Marrying Agri-Environmental Payments and Water Quality Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
Agri-environmental programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, provide payments to livestock and crop producers to generate broadly defined environmental benefits and to help them comply with federal water quality regulations, such as those that require manure nutrients generated on large animal feeding operations to be spread on cropland at no greater than agronomic rates. We couch these policy options in terms of agri-environmental "carrots" and regulatory "sticks," respectively. The U.S. agricultural sector is likely to respond to these policies in a variety of ways. Simulation analysis suggests that meeting nutrient standards would result in decreased levels of animal production, increased prices for livestock and poultry products,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31369

Nitrogen as a Capital Input and Stock Pollutant: A Dynamic Analysis of Corn Production and Nitrogen Leaching under Non-Uniform Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwabe,   Kurt A.; Knapp,   Keith C.
A spatially dynamic programming model of nonuniform irrigation is developed to investigate the nitrogen leaching problem associated with irrigated agriculture.  We evaluate the importance of temporal and spatial elements in (i) appropriately modeling the interseasonal corn production problem with nitrogen carry-over and leaching under non-uniform irrigation, and (ii) in adequately evaluating alternative policy instruments for pollution control.  Comparisons of the time profiles under spatially variable nitrogen levels arising from nonuniform irrigation are provided along with an evaluation of three different price-based policy instruments for reducing nitrogen leaching.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19466

Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems:  Implications for Conservation Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Delgado,   Jorge; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Livingston,   Michael J.; Mosheim,   Roberto; Williamson,   James M.
Nitrogen is an important agricultural input that is critical for crop production. However, the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen into the environment has a number of undesirable impacts on water, terrestrial, and atmospheric resources. This report explores the use of nitrogen in U.S. agriculture and assesses changes in nutrient management by farmers that may improve nitrogen use effi ciency. It also reviews a number of policy approaches for improving nitrogen management and identifi es issues affecting their potential performance. Findings reveal that about two-thirds of U.S. cropland is not meeting three criteria for good nitrogen management. Several policy approaches, including fi nancial incentives, nitrogen management as a condition of farm...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Reactive nitrogen; Nitrogen management; Fertilizer; Water quality; Greenhouse gas; Economic incentives; Conservation policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118022

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MANURE MANAGEMENT AND FARM GATE APPLICATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MANURE MANAGEMENT IN ALBERTA'S LIVESTOCK SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
Livestock operations in Alberta have a significant impact on the economy.  Manure is a by-product of livestock production.  The review of the science on manure examined the environmental impacts of manure.  These impacts include water pollution, air pollution, climatic change, and soil degradation.  There are several technologies that may be used to manage manure on-farm and off-farm. These include nutrient recycling through soil application and composting. Composting reduces the volume of manure, but increases the nitrogen losses from the manure  This review, using a very simplistic approach, estimated that more than 6.3 million tonnes of manure were generated in Alberta in 1996.  Other studies have estimated significantly higher annual manure production....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24057

Farming Systems in Swampland Ecosystems: A case study in South Borneo, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yanti,   Nuri Dewi; Lumley,   Sarah; Rumley,   Dennis.
In Indonesia, agriculture makes a significant contribution to the economy. The sector generates about twenty percent of gross domestic product (GDP), is a major employer, and produces foreign exchange from non-oil exports. However, with increased population pressure, especially in the densely populated island of Java, the area of land for agriculture has decreased and cultivation has been forced to expand to marginal land outside Java. To facilitate expansion, the Indonesian government carried out a long-term transmigration programme, which was intended to distribute people from the crowded inner islands of Java and Bali. In Southern Borneo, some of transmigrants are settled on tidal swampland. Because the characteristics of swampland are different from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Swampland ecosystem; Farming systems; Transmigration; Indonesia.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58274

TRADE AGREEMENTS, COMPETITION, AND THE ENVIRONMENT: GRIDLOCK AT THE CROSSROADS: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McClain,   Emily A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15412

'Green' Preferences as Regulatory Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
We examine the suggestion that if consumers in sufficient numbers are willing to pay the premium to have power generated using low-emission technologies, tax or permit policies become less necessary or stringent. While there are implementation difficulties with this proposal, our purpose is more fundamental: can economics make sense of using preferences as a regulatory instrument? If“"green" preferences are exogenously given, to what extent can or should they be regarded as a substitute for other policies? Even with green preferences, production and consumption of polluting goods continues to impose social costs not borne in the market. Moreover, if green preferences are regarded as a policy instrument, the "no policy" baseline would require a problematic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Preference change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; B4; D6.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10787

A Calibrate Auction-conjoint Experiment to Elicit Consumer Valuation of Sustainable Farming: Is Agro-systems Preservation Relevant?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Avitia,   Jessica; Costa-Font,   Montserrat; Gil,   Jose Maria; Lusk,   Jayson L.
This paper analyses the role of agro-systems preservation on making food choices. It employs the “Calibrate Auction-Conjoint Valuation method” (CACM), which relates hypothetical conjoint valuation of product attributes with real market behavior using real economic incentives. The paper also allows comparing the hypothetical and nonhypothetical valuations in order to value the difference between the theoretic and the incentive-compatible WTP for a same respondent and within a single experiment. Thus the paper aims at testing for: 1) the internal consistency on people’s behavior towards sustainable agriculture, and 2) the relevance of the price attribute versus agro-ecosystems preservation for a fresh product. Results suggest that Spanish respondents’...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114213

Enforcing Environmental Regulation: Implications of Remote Sensing Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Brennan,   Timothy J.
We review economic models of environmental protection and regulatory enforcement to highlight several attributes that are particularly likely to benefit from new enforcement technologies such as remote sensing using satellites in space. These attributes include the quantity and quality of information supplied by the new technologies; the accessibility of the information to regulators, regulatees, and third parties; the cost of the information; and whether the process of information collection can be concealed from the observer. Satellite remote sensing is likely to influence all of these attributes and in general, improve the efficacy of enforcement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; New technologies; Remote sensing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10464

Implementing the Clean Development Mechanism: Lessons from U.S. Private-Sector Participation in Activities Implemented Jointly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Powell,   Mark R.; Toman,   Michael.
The "Clean Development Mechanism" (CDM) contained in the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides, for the first time, the capacity for industrialized countries to claim credits for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions or offsets undertaken in cooperation with host developing countries. However, the Protocol provides no guidance on how these cooperative activities for GHG reduction and sustainable development would be undertaken in practice, including the particularly important issue of the relationship of the private sector vis-à-vis government institutions in designing, financing, and securing approval for jointly implemented GHG abatement projects. The pilot program for "Activities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Joint implementation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; F21.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10868

Optimal Emission Policy under the Risk of Irreversible Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayong Le Kama,   Alain; Pommeret,   Aude; Prieur,   Fabien.
We consider an optimal consumption and pollution problem that has two important features. Environmental damages due to economic activities may be irreversible and the level at which the degradation becomes irreversible is unknown. Particular attention is paid to the situation where agents are relatively impatient and/or do not care a lot about the environment and/or Nature regenerates at low rate. We show that the optimal policy of the uncertain problem drives the economy in the long run toward a steady state while, when ignoring irreversibility, the economy follows a balanced growth path accompanied by a perpetual decrease in environmental quality and consumption, both asymptotically converging toward zero. Therefore, accounting for the risk of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Irreversibility Threshold; Uncertainty; Optimal Reversible; Irreversible Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101292

Stabilization of Upland Agriculture under El Nino-Induced Climatic Risks: Regional and Farm Level Risk Management and Coping Mechanisms in the Kedah-Perlis Region, Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tawang,   Ariffin; Tengku Ahmad,   Tengku bin Ariff.
This study is an extension of the earlier study with a focus on the impact of the El Nino induced weather changes at the regional and farm levels. It provides a complete continuum of the impacts and implications of El Nino from the national to the regional and farm levels. Hence, the general objective of the study is to determine the impact of El Nino induced climate variability on agriculture at the sub-national and farm level, and to identify appropriate mechanisms to mitigate the impact so as to ensure the stability of the agricultural contribution to the regional and farm economy. In this study, the northwest region of Peninsular Malaysia was chosen as the region under study. It comprises of the states of Kedah and Perlis. The main climatic feature of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Risk; Agricultural products; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32695

Analyse ausgewählter internationaler Studien und Dokumente in Hinblick auf Kosten und  Potentiale der Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen sowie des Aufbaus und der Erhaltung von C-Senken im deutschen Agrar- und Forstsektor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Roder,   Norbert; Elsasser,   Peter; Dieter,   Matthias; Krug,   Joachim.
Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie werden Dokumente der Europäischen Kommission zur künftigen Klimaschutzstrategie, eine Studie von McKinsey sowie ein UNFCCC-Papier in Hinblick auf Aussagen zu Klimaschutzmaßnahmen im Agrar- und Forstbereich untersucht. Die EU-Dokumente lassen einen steigenden politischen Handlungsbedarf für den Klimaschutz auch außerhalb des Treibhausgasemissions-Handelssystems (EU-ETS) erwarten. Die anderen beiden Dokumente geben Einschätzungen zu weltweiten Klimaschutzpotentialen wieder, und die Ergebnisse sind nur sehr eingeschränkt auf Deutschland anwendbar. In Kapitel 3 werden erste Ergebnisse einer Literaturanalyse zu Potentialen und Kosten von Maßnahmen im Agrarbereich dargestellt. Die Literaturanalyse ergab keine umfassenden, für...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Klimaschutz; Treibhausgase; Kosten; Landwirtschaft; Forstwirtschaft; Climate protection; Greenhouse gases; Cost; Agriculture; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1 (Q18); Q2 (Q23); Q5 (Q51; Q 52; Q 54).
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104009

NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK AVERSION: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van den Berg,   Marrit; Fort,   Ricardo; Burger,   Kees.
We use experimental and survey data from two natural-hazard prone countries in Latin America to test the hypothesis that natural hazards affect risk aversion. We use two methods to measure risk aversion: simple questions on the willingness to pay for a hypothetical lottery and more complicated experiments involving real pay-offs. We find that whereas the experiments provide reasonable estimates of risk aversion, the hypothetical questions result in unrealistic distributions of preferences. The experimental results strongly support the hypothesis that experiencing natural shocks makes people more risk averse, not only in the short run but also in the medium and long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Nicaragua; Peru; Risk aversion; Natural hazards; Experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51394

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING FOR INDIVIDUAL FARMS;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Destro,   Stefano.
The objective of this paper is to provide a framework of accounting to allow the evaluation and comparison of both conventional and traditional agriculture by accounting for both traditional market transactions and the environmental resources and changes in those resources.  Even if a study estimates the value of the change in the resource inventory, the correction to the farmer's financial condition is not made in an explicit way.  Again, the study by Faeth et al. makes a strong contribution to the need to have such an accounting system for farms.  Farmers should be interested in this information because it is their own backyard where they are working, living and using their own assets.  We start with a brief review of the work done with national accounts...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14369

The Economics of Geological CO2 Storage and Leakage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Zwaan,   Bob; Gerlagh,   Reyer.
The economics of CO2 capture and storage in relation to the possibility of significant leakage of CO2 from geological reservoirs once this greenhouse gas has been stored artificially underground will be among the main determinants of whether CCS can significantly contribute to a deep cut in global CO2 emissions. This paper presents an analysis of the economic and climatic implications of the large-scale use of CCS for reaching a stringent climate change control target, when geological CO2 leakage is accounted for. The natural scientific uncertainties regarding the rates of possible leakage of CO2 from geological reservoirs are likely to remain large for a long time to come. We present a qualitative description, a concise analytical inspection, as well as a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction; Technological Innovation; CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS); Geological Leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; D58; C61; O33; Q40.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6372

Irrigated agriculture, water pricing and water savings in the Lower Jordan River Basin (in Jordan)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Venot,   Jean-Philippe; Molle,   Francois; Hassan,   Yousef.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Irrigated farming; Water conservation; Groundwater; Water policy; Water rates; Water costs; Pricing; Cost recovery; Economic impact; Jordan; Lower Jordan River Basin; Jordan Valley; Amman-Zarqa Basin; Yarmouk Basin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91468

Testing heterogeneous anchoring and shift effect in double-bounded models: The case of recreational fishing in Tasmania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jennings,   Sarah; Rust,   Steven; Yamazaki,   Satoshi; Lyle,   Jeremy.
This paper explores the extent and nature of anchoring and shift effects in a double-bounded contingent valuation of recreational fishing in Tasmania’s inshore saltwater fishery. In particular we model the situation where respondents, when answering the second valuation question, evaluate the bid amount partly with reference to the size of the first bid amount. The estimates of the coefficients and mean WTP for a day of fishing are compared across different contingent valuation models, including a single-bounded model, a conventional double-bounded model and models that control anchoring and exogenous shift effects in both homogeneous and heterogeneous forms. Overall we find consistent evidence of anchoring, but mixed evidence of a shift effect. Results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Anchoring bias; Shift effect; Heterogeneity; Recreational fishing; Environmental Economics and Policy; C35; Q26.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59265

Past, Present, and Future of Wetlands Credit Sales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Scodari,   Paul F.
In this paper we review the evolution of the wetlands credit sales program developed to support the federal wetlands permit program. Then, we explain how the regulatory rules governing the overall permit program, as well as specific rules governing credit sales, have prevented the development of robust markets in credit buying and selling. Based on this review, we identify an alternative institutional structure that would apply marketlike principles to expand the quantity of and lower the prices of credits while ensuring that wetlands credit sales help move the nation toward its goal: no net loss of wetlands acres and functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands mitigation; Wetlands banking; Environmental markets; Clean Water Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10858

Measuring the Potential of Unilateral CDM - A Pilot Study -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jahn,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel; Raubenheimer,   Stefan; Liptow,   Holger.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was originally seen as an instrument with a bilateral character where an entity from an industrialised country invests in a project in a developing country (DC). Also, multilateral funds were envisaged that would bundle investments to spread project risks. The sluggish implementation of incentives for industrialised country companies to embark on CDM projects and low carbon prices led to a preference of just buying Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) instead of investing in projects. Thus a third option has gained prominence - the unilateral option where the project development is planned and financed within the DC. We propose that a project should be called "pure unilateral" if it involves no foreign direct...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Unilateral; Institutions; Project participants; Financing; Risk premium; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26400

Analysis of Intended Farmers’ Response to CAP Scenarios: Environmental considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannoccaro,   Giacomo; Berbel,   Julio.
This research is a result of the CAP-IRE project which objective is the understanding farmer’s reactions under CAP scenarios by 2020. In particular this research aims to analyze the role of the current CAP design on the farmer’s decision process focusing on several environmental issues. The analysis is based on 2,360 observations of household farmers across 11 cases study in 9 EU countries. Intended responses of farmers to the CAP reforms are analyzed by logistic model regression. According to the results CAP scenarios would influence farmer’s decision on fertilizers and pesticides, as well as water use, while the highest effect is found for decisions on number of animal rearing on the farm. Factors determining reaction to the CAP scenario are monetary and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental sustainability; Farmer’s intended behaviour; Logistic regression; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99419

The Value of Long-Term Climate Forecast Information in Weather Index Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Vedenov,   Dmitry V.
In the paper, preliminary results of the analysis of potential use of climate forecast information in designing rainfall index insurance in the southeastern region of the U.S. are reported. Joint distributions of bi-monthly rainfall and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indexes are estimated using copula analysis of historical data. The risk reducing effectiveness of introducing premiums conditional on ENSO forecast is evaluated. The results indicate some dependence of the downward volatility of rainfall on the lagged ENSO (forecast) index, particularly in the coastal areas and in the late winter and spring.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q14; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61755

Economics of Global Warming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Robert.
This paper conveniently skips any controversy associated with the science of climate change. On the assumption that greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change that is detrimental to humanity, the paper focuses on some economic dimensions of the issue which seem to be poorly understood by Australian media commentators, policy analysts, interest groups and the political parties. Using a neoclassical welfare economics framework the paper explores the costs and benefits of greenhouse gas abatement with reference to the findings of the Stern Report, the setting of greenhouse gas targets by Australian political parties, the danger of the government “picking winners” and the emerging carbon theory of value. The paper concludes with a brief review of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economics; Targets; Policy; Carbon tax; Cap and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6006

The Abatement Cost Function for Motor Vehicle Pollution Emissions: Evidence from Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livernois,   John; Moghadam,   Arian.
Mandatory inspection and maintenance programs require on-road vehicles to be tested regularly and repaired if they are not in compliance with air emission regulations. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the abatement cost function for a representative inspection and maintenance program. We do this by constructing a model of the statistical process that leads to noncompliance, parameterizing the model, and then by simulating the total abatement cost function. Our model predicts that the marginal abatement cost for a major representative program is so high that even a small reduction in the abatement target leads to substantial social cost savings. In addition, even for quite high levels of the abatement target, the optimal minimum testing age is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Abatement Cost Function; Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance; Mobile Source of Air Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10410

AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westra,   John V.
Phosphorus loads from agronomically diverse practices were simulated using representative farms from a heterogenous watershed of the Minnesota River.  Results from integrated bioeconomic analyses were used to test hypotheses about nontargeted and targeted nonpoint source phosphorus pollution abatement programs, with respect to net farm income and phosphorus loading.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21490

The challenges of integrated river basin management in India: issues in transferring successful river basin management models to the developing world
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute,   IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.
The problems that river basin institutions in the developed world successfully address—such as pollution, sediment buildup in rivers and the degradation of wetlands—are not the top priorities for Indian policy makers and people. The items that do top Indian agendas—providing access to water for drinking and growing food, eradicating poverty, and stopping groundwater overexploitation—are either unresolved in the developed world or have become irrelevant due to economic development. This does not mean that India and other developing countries cannot learn valuable lessons from models for Integrated River Basin Management. Loosely structured River Basin Organizations, such as Southeast Asia’s Mekong Commission, can contribute to basin welfare by serving as a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Hydrology; Water management; Water harvesting; Groundwater management; Drip irrigation; Institutional development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113064

Promoting Farm Investment for Sustainable Intensification of African Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reardon,   Thomas; Crawford,   Eric W.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Diagana,   Bocar N.
For African agricultural productivity to improve, governments and donors must invest in programs and policies that will improve the incentives and capacity of farmers to make investments that increase farm productivity and soil fertility while protecting the environment. With rapid population growth, agriculture must rapidly intensity if African farmers are to meet the rapid growth in the demand for food and fiber. Recent case studies demonstrate the incentives and capacity to invest in more intensive cropping technologies have declined during the last decade Good macroeconomic policies are necessary by not sufficient. Even after overvalued currencies are devalued and markets are liberalized, there remain major policy and structural constraints to farmer...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 7.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54053

Impacts of considering climate variability on investment decisions in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Block,   Paul J.; Strzepek,   Kenneth M.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Diao,   Xinshen.
Extreme interannual variability of precipitation within Ethiopia is not uncommon, inducing droughts or floods and often creating serious repercussions on agricultural and non-agricultural commodities. An agro-economic model, including mean climate variables, was developed to assess irrigation and road construction investment strategies in comparison to a baseline scenario over a 12-year time horizon. The motivation for this work is to evaluate whether the inclusion of climate variability in the model has a significant effect on prospective investment strategies and the resulting country-wide economy. The mean climate model is transformed into a variable climate model by dynamically adding yearly climate-yield factors, which influence agricultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Climate change; Water; Droughts; Flooding; Irrigation; Economic aspects; Road construction; Investments; Economic situation; Agro-economic model; Food and water security; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55419

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES IN COURT: THE AMERICAN TRADER CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapman,   David J.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6868

SMALL FARMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IS SMALL MORE SUSTAINABLE? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henry,   Mark S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15245

THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EPA'S CAFO RULE ON DAIRY FARMS IN CORNBELT, UPPER-MIDWEST, AND NORTHEAST REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Wen-Yuan; Short,   Sara D.
EPA has proposed a rule that would bring more dairy farms under regulation and restrict manure application more closely to a crop's need of phosphorous.  This paper uses whole farm modeling applied to survey data to assess the impact of proposed regulations on dairy farms in the Cornbelt, upper-Midwest, and Northeast regions.  Results show that the proposed rule affects 2.7 percent of surveyed dairy farms (over 200 milk cows) in these regions and causes income losses for 40 percent of farms spreading slurry manure on crops.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19801

Price-based Valuation of Rice Genetic Diversity in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pant,   Krishna Prasad.
The study valuates different useful traits of rice landraces in Nepal to demonstration an empirical methodology for biodiversity valuation. A sample of 200 rice growers in hills and plain area was surveyed for the production of different landraces and their market price.  For estimating the value put by the consumers on different rice traits a hedonic pricing model was used to disaggregate the prices paid by the consumers for different useful traits of rice. For estimating derived demand of seeds with different useful traits by the farmers, a contingent valuation method is employed.  The results show that the consumers value Rs 11 billion per annum for aromatic trait and rupees two billion for tasty trait. The findings of the study will be helpful to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro biodiversity; Rice landrace; Biodiversity valuation; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51642

The Effects of Crop Generic Resources and Biodiversity on Agricultural Production: An Empirical Study on Rice Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Kwansoo; An,   Donghwan; Chae,   Kwangseok.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21183

Future Climate of the Continental United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: North,   Gerald R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94493

Consumers' Willingness-to-Pay for Perennial Grass Conversion to Renewable Energy in South-Central Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pham,   Matthew V.
Poster prepared for presentation at the Agricultural &amp; Applied Economics Association’s 2011 AAEA &amp; NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 24-26, 2011
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay; Perennial Grass; Contingent Valuation; Economic Feasibility; Credit Stacking; Minnesota; Row Crops; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103604

Non Use Economic Values of Marine Protected Areas in the South-West Marine Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Robert; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Australian governments are committed to the expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Australian waters and have already established over 200 MPAs. However, this policy direction has a range of costs and benefits for the community which have largely remained unquantified. One of the main benefits of establishing MPAs are the non use values that the community for the protection of marine biodiversity. This study uses a dichotomous choice contingent valuation format with follow-up open-ended willingness to pay question to estimate these non use values for the establishment of MPAs in South-west Marine Region of Australia. It was found that on average Australian households would be WTP $104 for the establishment of MPAs that cover 10% of the South-west...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107582

Deforestation and Capital Accumulation: Lessons from the Upper Kerinci Region, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wibowo,   Dradjad H.; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Byron,   R. Neil.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Deforestation; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53632

What Has Kyoto Wrought? The Real Architecture of International Tradable Permit Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hahn,   Robert W.; Stavins,   Robert N.
We investigate a central issue in the climate change debate associated with the Kyoto Protocol: the likely performance of international greenhouse gas trading mechanisms. Virtually all design studies and many projections of the costs of meeting the Kyoto targets have assumed that an international trading program can be established that minimizes the costs of meeting overall goals. This conclusion rests on several simplifying assumptions. We focus on one important issue that has received little, if any, attention: the interaction between an international trading regime and a heterogeneous set of domestic greenhouse policy instruments. This is an important issue because the Protocol explicitly provides for domestic sovereignty regarding instrument choice,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Tradable permits; International policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q25.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10747

Elephants and Polity in Ancient India as Exemplified by Kautilya's Arthrasastra (Science of Polity)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After providing some background on the domestication and use of elephants in ancient India, this article concentrates on the role of the elephant in Indian statescraft as outlined in Kautilya’s Arthasastra, reputed to have been written in the fourth century BC (over 2300 years ago).  The body of this essay is presented as follows: first background on the nature of Kautilya’s Arthasastra is provided and then his advice is outlined and discussed about the care of elephants.  This care involves the duty of the King, the duties of the superintendent of elephants and the law relating to the treatment of elephants.  Subsequently, Kautilya’s views about the use of elephants in war are considered.  The essay concludes with an overall assessment of the role of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Elephants; India; Kautilya; Arthasastra; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55062

Using Ethnographic Decision Tree Modelling to Explore Farmers’ Decision-making Processes: a Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roth,   Hein; Botha,   Neels.
Agriculture is the foundation of the Manawatu/Wanganui region’s economy, which consists of 300,000 ha of highly erodible land. Past land management practices caused a major threat to the long-term sustainability of the region. Horizons Regional Council introduced Whole Farm Plans (WFP) as part of a variety of tools to protect and conserve the land. This paper discusses the progressive findings of a study about farmers’ WFP adoption decisions. Following Gladwin’s (1989) ethnographic decision tree modeling (EDTM) approach, qualitative interviews were held with a sample of 15 WFP adopters and 14 non-adopters across the Region to develop the adoption decision tree. Key findings were that hill country farmers’ decision to develop, or not develop, a WFP was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Erosion; Hill country farmers; EDTM; Whole Farm Plan; Decision-making model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97157

The Future of Environmental Compliance Incentives in U.S. Agriculture:  The Role of Commodity, Conservation, and Crop Insurance Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger.
In recent years, direct payments—a type of farm commodity program payment—have made up a large share of Federal agriculture assistance that could be withheld from farmers who fail to comply with highly erodible land conservation (conservation compliance and sodbuster) or wetland conservation (swampbuster) provisions, known collectively as environmental compliance requirements. If direct payments are sharply reduced or eliminated to help reduce the Federal budget defi cit, compliance incentives would be reduced on many farms, potentially increasing environmental quality problems. Some farmers will still be subject to compliance through existing Federal agricultural programs(e.g., conservation or disaster programs) or programs that may succeed direct...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Direct payment; Crop insurance; Conservation compliance; Sodbuster; Swampbuster; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121803

Biofuels and their By-Products: Global Economic and Environmental Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thaeripour,   Farzad; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Tyner,   Wallace E.; Beckman,   Jayson F.; Birur,   Dileep K.
The biofuel industry has been rapidly growing around the world in recent years. Several papers have used general equilibrium models and addressed the economy-wide and environmental consequences of producing biofuels at a large scale. They mainly argue that since biofuels are mostly produced from agricultural sources, their effects are largely felt in agricultural markets with major land use and environmental consequences. In this paper, we argue that virtually all of these studies have overstated the impact of liquid biofuels on agricultural markets due to the fact that they have ignored the role of by-products resulting from the production of biofuels. Feed by-products of the biofuel industry, such as Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6452

Integrating ecological and economic aspects in land use concepts for agricultural landscapes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahrens,   Heinz; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
Especially in environmentally sensitive agricultural landscapes, agriculture cannot define its aims by itself - it has to account for a number of demands of different groups of society. For example, agriculture is expected to produce food and at the same time contribute to the protection of cultural landscapes and to further ecological services. Land use concepts for ecologically particularly sensitive agricultural landscapes are often focussed on the attainment of specific environmental objectives in specific areas, neglecting both socioeconomic effects, in particular income effects, and the farmers' income-driven production responses outside these areas. The paper illustrates, on the basis of an empirical study, (1) that the farmers' objectives and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscapes; Land-use concepts; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Land Economics/Use; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96735

ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING EXTERNE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Sandor; Debrecin,   N.; Kovacevic,   T.; Molnar,   Melinda.
The external costs of electricity generation can be characterised by the resulting social and environmental impacts. The most significant impacts are the air pollutions impact on health, built in environment, crops, forests, agricultural areas and on global warming. The primary impact considered is the air pollution’s effect on human health. The monetised value of the health impact, the external costs are calculated for two regional coal power plants, the effects are examined on the EU level with the ExternE methodology.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: External costs; Human health; Monetized environmental impacts; Energy production; Coal power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47553

Agricultural Sustainability and the Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In order to cater for the predicted growth in global population and aspirations for increased living standards, the world needs to increase substantially its level of agricultural production and sustain agriculture’s increased productivity. New technologies may enable this to occur but they also bring with them increased sustainability problems. There are many complex dimensions to achieving agricultural sustainability such as deciding on what agricultural attributes are worth sustaining and considering what trade-offs in objectives are required. These issues are discussed from a conceptual point of view. It is also shown using economic theory that market-based agriculture limits the opportunity for individual farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural sustainability; Biodiversity; Co-evolution; Economic sustainability; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Monopolisation; Patents; Social sustainability.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q010; Q200; Q300; Q500; Q570.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55335

Livestock and the Environment: A National Pilot Project: The policy Space, Economic Model, and Environmental Model Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osei,   Edward; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Neibergs,   J. Shannon; Bouzaher,   Aziz; Johnson,   Stanley R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18661

Research Frontiers in the Economics of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael.
Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort particularly is warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Sustainable development; Integrated assessment; Environmental uncertainty; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10507

Technical efficiency and environmental pressures of pig farms in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Desjeux,   Yann; Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Ferto,   Imre.
Pig farming is one of the strongest polluters of water resources due to its intensive production techniques and slurry rejection. Several European countries have already introduced environmental regulations aiming at reducing the pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, but not yet Hungary. This paper investigates how Hungarian pig farms would be affected if such regulations are to be enforced. We calculate farm technical efficiency separately for two types of pig production systems – namely farrowing only and farrow-to-finish farms (FAFI farms) and finishing only farms (FI farms) – using 2001 data on pig activity and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We then investigate whether environmental regulations would affect the farms’ technical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; DEA; Pig farms; Nitrate pollution; Hungary; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109385

MARKET-BASED SOLUTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woodward,   Richard T.
There is rapidly growing interest in the use of market-based (MB) instruments in environmental policy. The papers in this session discuss three relatively new areas for such policies: groundwater contamination, nonpoint source surface-water pollution and carbon sequestration. The papers point out the potential for MB policies in these areas, but significant challenges remain. This comment highlights challenges related to five issues: monitoring and enforcement, trading ratios, baselines, transaction costs, and risk and uncertainty. All these issues must be addressed before MB policies can take the full step from economic theory to regulatory reality.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Carbon sequestration; Groundwater contamination; Nonpoint pollution; Effluent trading; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28; Q25.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15501

How to Measure Carbon Equity: Carbon Gini Index Based on Historical Cumulative Emission Per Capita
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fei,   Teng; Jiankun,   He; Xunzhang,   Pan; Chi,   Zhang.
This paper uses Lorenz Curve and Gini Index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission and constructs Carbon Gini Index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis using Carbon Gini Index shows that 70% of carbon space in the atmosphere has been used for unequal distribution, which is almost the same as that of income in the country with the biggest gap between rich and poor in the world. The carbon equity should be an urgency and priority in the climate agenda. Carbon Gini Index established in this paper can be used to measure inequality in the distribution of carbon space and provide a quantified indicator for measurement of carbon equity among different proposals.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Carbon Equity; Long-term Mitigation Goal; Cumulative Emission Per Capita; Carbon Gini Index; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q45; Q56; D63.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102568

Positive and Negative Aspects of Financial Economic Development in Selected Branches of the Food Industry of the CR in 2007 – 2009 as Revealed by Spider Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mejstrikova,   Lenka; Mezera,   Josef; Plasil,   Martin.
The food industry as an important part of the agriculture sector markedly influences through its financial economic results development both in agriculture and in related links of the food chain. The objective of the present paper is to identify negative and positive these aspects of results obtained in this sector in 2007-2009 and to reveal some risks that can retard the agriculture sector and/or to indicate positive trends that will lead to its development. Some segments – manufactures influencing the results of the food industry as a whole in a pronounced way were selected for analysis. The graphical model Spider Analysis was used for an expeditious and objective evaluation of results in the branches of manufacture and their position within the studied...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Spider Analysis; Food industry; Profitability; Liquidity; Financing; Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109737

Multifunctionality, Agricultural Policy, and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abler,   David G.
In addition to supplying food and fiber, agriculture is a source of public goods and externalities. This article addresses two questions. First, do price and income support policies promote a multifunctional agriculture in an effective manner? Second, would policies targeted more directly at multifunctional attributes be more efficient than price and income support policies? The answer to the first question is no, at least for policies targeted at outputs (price supports, export subsidies, etc.). Public goods are not directly linked to production, but rather to land use and agricultural structures. Evidence in response to the second question is sketchier with respect to policies targeted at land.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31376

Reaching Across the Communication Gulf: Reflections on the Challenges of Environmental Assistance Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bell,   Ruth Greenspan.
Several experiences in international environmental cooperation and assistance are examined to understand how communication across differing traditions, legal systems, cultures, history, and language has impacted joint efforts to develop stronger environmental regimes. The article concludes that efforts to build more effective environmental protection regimes in support of both domestic and international environmental goals must become much smarter to overcome communication barriers and related impediments to effective joint activities. Different traditions can coexist and even work productively together where there is strong and equal motivation on both sides. But when these conditions are absent, the international partners need to find additional bridging...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory policy; Regulatory design; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10575

MEASURING THE BENEFITS OF AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A SPATIAL HEDONIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Chong Won; Phipps,   Tim T.; Anselin,   Luc.
A spatial-econometric hedonic housing price model is estimated for the Seoul metropolitan area to measure the marginal value of improved air quality.  Results showed that the spatial lag model fits best for both owner and renter households.  Marginal WTP for a 4% improvement in air quality is about $3,200 for owners and $420 for renters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20959

The Choice of Land Tenure Contracts in the Presence of Transaction Costs in Rice Farming in West Java, Indonesia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jamal,   Erizal; Mardiharini,   Maesti.
This study assessed the preference for and efficiency of land tenure contract arrangements in rice farming in West Java, Indonesia. Specifically, it examined the transaction costs associated with land tenure contracts, the land tenure contract preference, the efficiency of land tenure contracts, and the policy agenda to address the problems of land tenure efficiency. Three types of land tenure contracts were considered: sharecropping, fixed rental and mortgage.  Farm plot data were used to econometrically investigate whether transaction cost had an effect on the choice of land tenure contracts and on the efficiency of land tenure contracts. The transaction cost coefficient of 0.097 (significant of 1% level) in the choice of land tenure indicates that as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land tenure; Transaction cost; Rice farming; Indonesia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51204

Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Austin,   David H.
Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on polluters induces firms to handle hazardous wastes properly. We run regressions relating unintended pollution releases to strict liability imposed on polluters, exploiting variation across states and over time in the liability provisions of state mini-Superfund laws. Strict liability reduces the frequency and severity of pollution releases, provided it is modeled endogenously with the latter. Its effects vary with firm size. Partially sheltered from liability, small firms may have specialized in riskier production processes, but their number has not necessarily grown in response to the states' liability policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Negligence; Hazardous waste; State environmental policy; Endogenous policy adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D72; K13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10518

ADAPTING MORE CLEVERLY TO CLIMATE CHANGE BY USING ‘REAL OPTIONS’ TO ADDRESS THE UNCERTAINTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobes,   Leo.
Scientists consider that some climate change is already inevitable, even if anthropogenic greenhouse emissions are stabilised immediately. Adaptation measures are therefore needed, irrespective of any mitigation action. But policy discussion is focussed on deterministic responses, generally risk-based "worst case‟ scenarios. An example is the development of more stringent standards for buildings and for coastal development. Such "climate proofing‟ is misconceived in the face of the huge uncertainties involved. Economists need to promote more rational policy frameworks that draw on cost-benefit analysis, including the use of "real options‟ to minimise the cost to society of adapting to climate change.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47615

Overlapping Coalitions, Bargaining and Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agbaglah,   Messan; Ehlers,   Lars.
This paper extends the theory of endogenous coalition formation, with complete information and transferable utility, to the overlapping case. We propose a cover function bargaining game which allows the formation of overlapping coalitions at equilibrium. We show the existence of subgame perfect equilibrium and provide an algorithm to compute this equilibrium in the symmetric case. As an application, we establish an interesting link with the formation of networks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Overlapping Coalitions; Cover Function; Bargaining; Symmetric Game; Network; Environmental Economics and Policy; C71; C72; C78; D62; D85.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96628

Location differences in communities’ preferences for environmental improvements in selected NSW catchments: A Choice Modelling approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
To elicit household willingness to pay (WTP) for improvements in environmental quality in three NSW catchments (Lachlan, Namoi and Hawkesbury-Nepean), a choice modelling (CM) study was conducted.  This report presents results of research designed to investigate variations in WTP across different communities. The communities included local residents, distant/urban and distant/rural residents. Nine split samples were established to test for ‘location effects’. The analysis involved both conditional logit and random-parameters logit models.   Natural resource management (NRM), including Catchment Management Authorities (CMAs), can use the non-market values obtained from this study to guide their investment decisions.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Location effects; Non-market valuation; Catchment planning; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94821

Output-Based Allocations of Emissions Permits: Efficiency and Distributional Effects in a General Equilibrium Setting with Taxes and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Fox,   Alan K.
The choice of mechanism for allocating tradable emissions permits has important efficiency and distributional effects when tax and trade distortions are considered. We present different rules for allocating carbon allowances within sectors (lump-sum grandfathering, output-based allocation [OBA], and auctioning) and among sectors (historical emissions and value-added shares). Using a partial equilibrium model, we explore how OBA mitigates price increases, limits incentives for conservation in favor of lowering energy intensity, and changes relative output prices among sectors. We then use a computable general equilibrium model from the Global Trade Analysis Project, modified to incorporate a labor/leisure choice, to compare overall mechanism performance....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Output-based allocation; Tax interaction; Carbon leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10654

Utilização do Biodiesel como Forma de Reduzir a Emissão de CO2, e os Custos com Óleo Diesel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rocha,   Barbara Stella Oliveira; Carrilho,   David Leite.
Devido à evolução de carga transportada há um aumento do consumo de diesel do transporte ferroviário, e, portanto, existe uma preocupação em desenvolver mecanismo para amenizar o impacto ambiental causado pelo uso de combustíveis fósseis e redução do custo com o seu uso. O biodiesel vem sendo uma fonte de energia alternativa promissora, o qual propõe não só em reduzir os principais gases causadores do efeito estufa, como também em amenizar o alto custo com o consumo de óleo diesel. Dado a essa sua importante característica, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo de levantar, de forma sucinta, as tendências desse biocombustível no modo ferroviário, tendo como referencia de aplicabilidade e sucesso à Companhia do Vale do Rio...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Transporte ferroviário; Redução de poluição; Biodiesel; Rail transport; Reduction of pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106088

Measuring and Decomposing the Productivity Growth of Beef and Sheep Farms in New Zealand using the Malmquist Productivity Index (2001-06)(Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Iyer,   Krishna G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97615

Identifying barriers and opportunities for transitions towards more sustainable agriculture through system analysis. The case of Vereda La Hoya, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feola,   Giuseppe; Schoell,   Regina; Binder,   Claudia R.
9th European International Farming System Association Symposium
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide use; Personal protective equipment; Sustainability transition; Structural Mental Model Approach; Integrative Agent‐Centred framework; Colombia; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117781

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
First Annual Conference on Agricultural Policy and the Environment; Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by University of Minnesota, Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Development Regional Agency (ESAV); University of Padova, Motta di Livenza, Italy, June 19-23, 1989, Volume IV  Contents:  Land Use and Incentive Schemes for Nonpoint Pollution Control, by Ted Graham-Tomasi and Arthur Wiese  Land Use and Environmental Quality: A Case Study, by Giuseppe Stellin  Groundwater Pollution and Minnesota's Agriculture, by Bill Easter and John Waelti  Modelling Pesticide and Herbicide Health Impacts: Is an Agricultural "Superfund" Coming?, by C. Ford Runge and Gary Krieger
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13433

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation through Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.; Kumar,   Pushpam.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94500

Tax-Versus-Trading and Free Emission Shares as Issues for Climate Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.; Jotzo,   Frank.
We give empirical welfare results for global greenhouse gas emission control, using the first multiparty model to combine tax-versus-trading under uncertainties with revenue recycling. Including multiple parties greatly reduces the welfare advantage of an emissions tax over emissions (permit) trading in handling abatement-cost uncertainties, from that shown by existing, single-party literature. But a tax has a different, much bigger advantage, from better handling uncertainties in business-as-usual emissions. Either mechanism's free emissions share, from tax thresholds or free permits, which lowers its possible welfare gain from revenue recycling, may however dominate any tax-versus-trading advantage. Moreover, political and practical constraints, such as...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Emission pricing; Tax vs. trading; Uncertainties; Revenue recycling; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D810; H230; Q580.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95049

Impacts of CIMMYT's International Training Linked to Long-Term Trials in Conservation Agriculture: 1996-2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svitakova,   Jirina; Kosina,   Petr; La Rovere,   Roberto.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Education; Training courses; International cooperation; Research institutions; Natural resources; Resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56089

Paying for Permanence: Public Preferences for Contaminated Site Cleanup
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Tonin,   Stefania; Turvani,   Margherita; Chiabai,   Aline.
We use conjoint choice questions to investigate people’s preferences for income and reductions in mortality risks delivered by contaminated site remediation policies. Our survey is self-administered using the computer by residents of four cities in Italy with severely contaminated sites. We estimate the Value of a Statistical Life to be about €5.6  million for an immediate risk reduction. If the risk reduction takes place 20 years from now, however, the implied VSL is about €1.26 million. The discount rate implicit in the responses to the conjoint choice questions is about 7%. People are willing to pay for permanent risk reductions, but not just any amount. Risk reductions in the nearer future are valued more highly than risk reductions in the more distant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12208

Einzelbetrieblicher Umgang mit Dokumentationspflichten im Pflanzenschutz: Eine empirische Erhebung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Battermann,   Henning W.; Steinmann,   Horst-Henning; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
Due to new legislation, contractual commitments and societal demands, the need to document production processes has been growing continuously for farmers. This is particularly so with regard to plant protection. In this study, we surveyed how 581 farmers from Lower Saxony meet the documentation requirements. Almost all farmers surveyed document their plant production including plant protection measures. The most striking differences can be observed with regard to documentation technologies and investments made. Factor and cluster analyses allowed the identification four groups of farmers with different motivations and attitudes towards existing documentation requirements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Plant protection; Good farming practice; Lower Saxony; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97699

Payments for Environmental Services under Emerging International Agreements: A Basis for Inclusion of Agricultural Soil Carbon Sinks.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odera,   Michael M.; Kimani,   Stephen K.
This review places in context the role agricultural soils play in global carbon dynamics, and their potential interaction with climate change through soil carbon sequestration. The paper first examine the potential of soils as carbon sinks, agricultural practices and dynamics in soil organic carbon, emerging agreements on payments for environmental services (PES) that mitigate global warming through enhanced carbon sinks, exclusion of agricultural activities in PES under Kyoto Protocol, and the basis for inclusion of agricultural soil carbon sinks through sustainability based production systems. Soils are one of the planet’s largest sinks for carbon and hold potential for expanded carbon sequestration through changes in management.  The global soil organic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9539

Some Distributional Issues in Greenhouse Gas Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freebairn,   John W.
The paper argues from first principles and with supporting related empirical evidence that most of the final incidence of emissions taxes or tradable permits will fall on consumers of greenhouse gas intensive products. This distributional outcome supports an emissions reduction strategy of an emissions tax or auctioning the tradable permits, rather than gifting permits in a grandfather arrangement to current polluters as was done in Europe and has currency with proposals for Australia. Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change is a global pollution problem that gives rise to a prisoner’s dilemma problem in which the global cooperative solution in undermined by individual countries free-riding. Some of the issues and challenges to be overcome to reach a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6770

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY HARMONIZATION: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fox,   Glenn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16892

How the North Dakota Farmer/Rancher Acquires Water Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beck,   Robert E.; Johnson,   Jerome E.; Sillers,   Cameron D.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120943

Climate Change and Extreme Events: An Assessment of Economic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calzadilla,   Alvaro; Pauli,   Francesco; Roson,   Roberto.
We use a general equilibrium model of the world economy, and a regional economic growth model, to assess the economic implications of vulnerability from extreme meteorological events, induced by the climate change. In particular, we first consider the impact of climate change on ENSO and NAO oceanic oscillations and, subsequently, the implied variation on regional expected damages. We found that expected damages from extreme events are increasing in the United States, Europe and Russia,  and Russia, and decreasing in energy exporting countries. Two economic implications are taken into account: (1) short-term impacts, due to changes in the demand structure, generated by higher/lower precautionary saving, and (2) variations  in regional economic growth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12055

Household perceptions of climate change and preferences for mitigation action: the case of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
This study aims to show how Australian households perceive climate change and what they are prepared to do to reduce the harmful effects of climate change.    A web-based survey in November 2008 asked approximately 600 New South Wales households about their willingness to pay additional household expenses caused by the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) proposed by the Australian government.   The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a widely used non-market valuation technique, was applied. Results of the study show there is a positive demand to mitigate climate change in Australia resulting from a wish to avoid climate change. Households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for climate change was, however, significantly curbed as households was uncertain about...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Climate change; Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme; Willingness to pay; Uncertainty; Australia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94819

Scaling up Ecosystem Services Values: Methodology, Applicability and a Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brander,   Luke M.; Ghermandi,   Andrea; Kuik,   Onno; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Schaafsma,   Marije; Wagtendonk,   Alfred.
The approach of using existing data on economic values of local ecosystem services for an assessment of these values at a larger geographical scale can be called “scaling up”. In a scaling-up exercise, economic values from a particular study site are transferred to another geographical setting, for instance to the regional, national or global scale. This paper proposes a methodology for scaling up ecosystem service values to a European level, assesses the availability of data for conducting this method, and illustrates the procedure with a case study on wetland values. The proposed methodology makes use of meta-analysis to produce a value function that is subsequently applied to individual European wetland sites. Site-specific, study-specific and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Value Transfer; Meta-Analysis; Wetland Values; Environmental Economics and Policy; C81; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60689

Empirical Assessment of Baseline Conservation Tillage Adoption Rates and Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
The study proposes a methodology for developing a carbon sequestration baseline attributable to the current use of conservation tillage. An integral component of the methodology is the explicit acknowledgment that there is an uncertainty in the baseline because of the uncertainty associated with the use of econometrically estimated models. The results of applying the method to a major crop production area, the Upper Mississippi River Basin in the central United States, are reported for two major crops in the region, corn and soybeans. The approach to estimation of the baseline should be readily transferable to other geographic areas and conservation practices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25457

Poverty and Its Alleviation in Yunnan Province China: Sources, Policies and Solutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuge,   Ren; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53631

The Expected Value of Sample Information Analysis for Nonpoint Water Quality Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sung,   Hwansoo; Shortle,   James S.
There is considerable interest in watershed-based water quality protection. However, the approach can be highly information intensive, necessitating decisions about the types and amounts of data used to guide decisions. This study examines the Bayesian value of different types and amounts of sample information for reducing nutrient pollution in the Conestoga watershed of Pennsylvania, focusing on nitrogen from agricultural sources. Uncertainty is modeled from the perspective of a social planner seeking to maximize the economic efficiency of water quality control. A nested Monte Carlo procedure combined with an Evolutionary Optimization Strategy with Covariance Matrix Adaptation is used to compute resource allocation that optimizes the expected net benefit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality management; Value of sample information; Monte Carlo simulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21296

Carbon Incentive Mechanisms and Land-Use Implications for Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suchanek,   Pavel; Shaikh,   Sabina L.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes.  Using survey data from 2000 mail surveys of Canadian farmers, a discrete choice random utility analysis is used to determine probability of farmers' participation and the corresponding mean willingness to accept a tree-planting program.  Estimation results show that the required compensation for accepting a tree-planting program is higher than the compensation suggested by a normative approach
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20607

A Comparison of Approaches to Mitigate Hypothetical Bias
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Champ,   Patricia A.; Moore,   Rebecca; Bishop,   Richard C.
We compare two approaches to mitigating hypothetical bias. The study design includes three treatments: an actual payment treatment, a contingent valuation (CV) treatment with a follow-up certainty question, and a CV treatment with a cheap talk script. Our results suggest that both the follow-up certainty treatment and the cheap talk treatment produce willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates consistent with the actual payment treatment. However, the follow-up certainty treatment provides response distributions at all offer amounts that are statistically similar to the actual payment treatment, while the cheap talk treatment provides similar responses only at some offer amounts. Furthermore, the cheap talk treatment is effective only for inexperienced individuals....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Hypothetical bias; Follow-up certainty; Cheap talk; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55867

Integrated land use modelling of agri-environmental measures to maintain biodiversity at landscape level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schonhart,   Martin; Schauppenlehner,   Thomas; Schmid,   Erwin.
Integrated land use models (ILM) are increasingly applied tools for the joint assessment of complex economic-environmental farming system interactions. We present an ILM that consists of the crop rotation model CropRota, the bio-physical process model EPIC, and the farm optimization model FAMOS[space]. The ILM is applied to analyze agri-environmental measures to maintain biodiversity in an Austrian landscape. We jointly consider the biodiversity effects of land use intensity (i.e. nitrogen application rates and mowing frequencies) and landscape development (e.g. provision of landscape elements) using a rich indicator set and region specific species-area relationships. The cost-effectiveness of agri-environmental measures in attaining alternative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated farm land use modeling; Biodiversity indicators; Agri-environmental policy; Landscape elements; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109401

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY REFORM: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15239

RECENT EVIDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA: A METAFRONTIER APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rungsuriyawiboon,   Supawat; Xiaobing,   Wang.
Economic reform in China helped transform the structure and volume of agricultural production and resulted in significant changes in efficiency and productivity. This paper measures agricultural technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) in China by allowing producers operating under their own technologies. A metafrontier function approach is applied using a panel data set on 28 provinces during 1991-2005. The provinces are categorized into advanced- technology and low-technology provinces. Based on the metafrontier estimation, TFP growth is decomposed into TE change (TEC), technical change (TC) and scale efficiency change (SEC). This information is useful for policy makers to design suitable policies in enhancing agricultural TE and TFP...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Metafrontier; Agriculture; China; Technical Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; P27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90863

Factors Influencing Soil Conservation Decisions in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Upland Farmers in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sureshwaran,   Suresh; Londhe,   S.R.; Frazier,   P.
This study examines the factors that influence the adoption intensity of a soil conservation technology in a developing country. Factors that influence adoption intensity may not be the same as those that influence the incidence of adoption. In this study, adoption intensity is defined as the percentage of total upland acreage planted with Sloping Agricultural Land Technology by farmers in the Philippines. Because of the dependent variable’s truncated nature, a Tobit model is used in the analysis. Economic theory and previous research provide the basis for the soil conservation decision variables included in the study. Results suggest that age of the head of household, tenure status, availability of family labor, and government programs have significant...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Soil conservation decisions; Intensity of adoption; Tobit models; Developing countries; Upland farmers; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90379

Agriculturally Related Environmental Issues in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
The consideration of environmental matters in trade liberalization agreements has become an issue since they were included in NAFTA and recognized Uruguay round agreement that created the WTO. Many WTO members, especially the less developed countries, remain opposed to including environmental issues in trade agreements. However, Canada, the U.S. and a few other countries now include environmental provisions in their bilateral and regional trade agreements; the U.S. is required to do so under its 2002 Trade Promotion Act (PL 107-210). Furthermore, the declaration establishing the Doha Round of multilateral negotiations recognizes a role, albeit a limited one, for the environment in negotiating the next multilateral trade liberalization agreement....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Agricultural trade; Trade liberalization; Doha Round; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25756

Exploring Scope and Scale Issues in Choice Modelling Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Wang,   Xuehong.
The key tasks in the design of a choice modelling (CM) experiment are to define the scope, scale and frame of the tradeoffs presented to respondents. This study explores the scale and scope of choice tasks and then develops definitions of these terms. The scope of a good in a stated preference experiment refers to the dimensions used to define the good as well as the tradeoffs involved. The scale refers to the quantities involved. The framing refers to the context in which the choices are made. The discussion helps identify issues when setting the contingent market for a choice experiment.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Scale; Scope; Framing; Embedding; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94806

Modelling the value of a multifunctional landscape – A discrete choice experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borresch,   Rene; Maas,   Sarah; Schmitz,   Kim; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
In the context of today’s intensive discussion of landscape multifunctionality, one primary objective of the current European Union policy is to support the implementation of multifunctionaly within the EU. In order to assess the economical feasibility of the implementation of a multifunctional land use in the Wetterau region in Germany this study addresses the question whether the local population, which is above all affected by the degradation of landscapes, benefits from a change from today’s landscape dominated by intensive agricultural production towards a multifunctional landscape. Based on data obtained by discrete choice experiments in the Wetterau region, a cost-benefit-analysis is carried out using the modelling and assessment framework CHOICE....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Landscape multifunctionality; CHOICE; Discrete choice experiments; Willingness-to-Pay; Cost-benefit-analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51641

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION AND FERTILITY MINING IN NORTHERN TANZANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Barkley,   Andrew P.; Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Bernardo,   Daniel J.
This paper develops a soil conservation model that is relevant to smallholder farmers who apply little or no fertilizer. Empirical results drawn from northern Tanzania imply that, ignoring fertility mining problem in model specification leads to overestimation of profits for farms that apply little or no fertilizer.  The model also shows that, the impact of output price on soil conservation efforts depends on the curvature of the soil erosion function.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Fertility mining; Soil conservation; Price policy; Soil erosion function; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21623

Diversity, Globalisation and Market Stability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lasselle,   Laurence; Svizzero,   Serge; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diversity; Globalisation; Heterogeneity of Behaviour; Instability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90501

THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON CONCENTRATIONS OF U.S. LIVESTOCK SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isik,   Murat.
The industrialization of U.S. beef, dairy, hog, and poultry sectors has received considerable attention.  There have been regional shifts in the geographical location of livestock inventories and livestock farms.  This paper examines the trends in geographical concentrations of livestock sectors in the U.S., and determines whether the environmental regulations have impacted the geographical concentrations.  It uses an entropy-based geographical concentration measure to determine the extent of concentrations of beef, dairy, hog, and poultry inventories and farms.  The results show that livestock productions on a national level and within states are becoming more geographically concentrated.  The geographical concentration of livestock sectors is negatively...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20401

CATTLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: WHAT'S THE BEEF?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conner,   J. Richard; Williams,   Gary W.; Dietrich,   Raymond A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27969

Using Biotechnology to Lower Production Costs of Biofuels in Canada: Will it Hinder the Growth of an Export Industry?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.
Bio-based fuels represent one of the most viable alternatives to petroleum-based fuel to meet transportation needs in the 21st century. The biofuel industry is in its infancy in Canada but shows considerable growth opportunity. The international interest in biofuels due to environmental and energy security concerns could result in a large and profitable export market for Canadian biofuel producers. Many industry participants are beginning to use biotechnology in their production processes to lower costs. Such use means they will be forced to contend with the unclear international regulation of trade in the products of biotechnology. Substantially different rules have been created by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46357

ALLOCATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE MARGINAL COSTS OF POINT AND NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shortle,   James S.
This paper examines the possible use of information on the relative marginal costs of point and nonpoint source water pollution abatement to assess the efficiency implications of shifting a greater portion of the burden for water quality protection to nonpoint sources.  The inherent uncertainty about the effects of changes in resource allocation for nonpoint pollution abatement on nonpoint pollution loads is recognized in the analysis.  This uncertainty is shown to result in significant limitations on the use of marginal cost comparisons even when point and nonpoint pollutants are perfect substitutes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28897

On-farm Manure Storage Adoption Rates: the Roles of Herd Size, Spreading Acreage and Cost-share Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Eric C.
At a time when the general trend in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is toward larger herds, proposed policy changes in the United States extend regulation downward to smaller operations and to manure-spreading acreage requirements. These are operations that typically have been subject only to state, not national, environmental regulations. How these smaller operations behave – in particular, what influences their manure handling decisions – is an important question given these proposed regulatory changes. This research examines the factors influencing the decision to adopt on-farm manure storage by smaller CAFOs in North Dakota raising a variety of different livestock.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46353

Liberalizing Climate-Friendly Goods and Technologies in the WTO: Product Coverage, Modalities, Challenges and the Way Forward
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
The Doha Round Agenda (paragraph 31(3)) mandates to liberalize environmental goods and services. This mandate offers a good opportunity to put climate-friendly goods and services on a fast track to liberalization. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change. This paper presents the key issues surrounding liberalized trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies in WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with what products to liberalize and how. Clearly, WTO environmental goods negotiations to date show that WTO member countries are divided by this key issue. Focusing on the issue, the paper explores options available to liberalize trade in climate-friendly goods...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Goods and Services; Low-Carbon Goods and Technologies; Doha Round; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F13; Q56; Q54; Q58; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94620

A Comparison of Methodologies for Valuing Decreased Health Effects from Wildfire Smoke
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   Leslie; Loomis,   John B.; Champ,   Patricia A.
Wildfire seasons are becoming longer and more intense throughout the world, making it increasingly important to monetize the full damages caused by wildfires when analyzing various fire management policies. We estimate the economic costs of the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire smoke using a simple cost of illness approach and for the first time to our knowledge we estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a decrease in symptom days from wildfire smoke using the contingent valuation method and the averting behavior method. Comparing estimates across all three common approaches for estimating the economic cost of exposure to an air pollutant is an important contribution to the literature. This study uses data from the largest wildfire in Los...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Averting behavior method; Contingent valuation method; Cost of illness; Wildfire smoke; Health; Morbidity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61252

WATER CONSERVATION POTENTIAL FROM IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSITIONS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaible,   Glenn D.; Kim,   C.S.; Whittlesey,   Norman K.
The effects of price changes on irrigation technology transitions and potential agricultural water conservation in the Pacific Northwest are analyzed using Parks' (1980) modified multinomial logit model. Results indicate that commodity price effects are statistically significant, but they are relatively small with nonprogram crop price effects greater than program crop price effects. Locational factors are also found to affect technology transitions. In the absence of water policy changes, continued irrigation technology adoption by year 2005 will result in average annual water savings of approximately 404,000 acre-feet in the Pacific Northwest.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32613

Agricultural Competitiveness, Farm Fertilizer and Chemical Use, and Environmental Quality: A Descriptive Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Munson,   Robert D.; Lotterman,   Edward D.; Creason,   Jared R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94448

Economic assessment of Dutch agricultural research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poppe,   Krijn J.
To cope with globalisation and other changes in the industry, in the last 20 years the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture has reorganised its system for education, extension and research considerably. It moved away from the concept of a linear process of innovation to that of an agro-innovation system. This paper describes the main changes. The paper argues that an evaluation of the changes is problematic. In an open economy where a large part of the public investments are targeted to reduce negative externalities of production (especially on environmental impact), a part of productivity is due to persons leaving the sector and income in farming is dependent on value added processes in its multinational cooperatives, causes and effects are hard to disentangle....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43071

Selling Australia as 'Clean and Green'
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie); Kristiansen,   Paul.
'Green and clean' has been used as a key marketing tool to promote Australian products overseas.  The rationale is that consumers are generally concerned about personal health and the environment and will choose, and pay price premiums, for products that are, or perceived to be, clean (good for them) and green (good for the environment) over alternative products.  But is Australia seen as clean and green?  Is it really why people buy Australian products?  And how effective is it as a marketing tool?  This paper attempts to answer some of these questions.  The study found that Australia may have a clean green image at present in some of her overseas markets, but to maintain such an image over time, concrete proof of environmental and quality credentials...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export marketing; Clean and green; EMS; QA; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12899

A TALE OF TWO CLAMS: POLICY ANTICIPATION AND INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Sylvia J.
Sound environmental regulation must achieve environmental objectives while maximizing economic efficiency.  This paper evaluates the impact of regulation on efficiency by measuring annual productivity across regulatory regimes in two similar fisheries with differing policy expectations.  Anticipation of regulatory change produced strategic behavior in one fishery, leading to depressed productivity; in the other, regulatory change was not expected, and productivity did not suffer.  These results imply that fisheries regulation should take into account both firms' policy expectations and the potentially perverse incentives that may be created by policy change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14523

Is There a Rationale for Rebating Environmental Levies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Alain; Fischer,   Carolyn; Vielle,   Marc.
Political pressure often exists for rebating environmental levies, particularly when incomplete regulatory coverage allegedly creates an“"unlevel playing field" with other, unregulated firms or industries. This paper assesses the conditions under which rebating environmental levies is justified for the regulated sector. It combines a theoretical approach based on second-best modeling with numerical simulations aimed at determining the most sensitive parameters. We find that if an adequate tax on production can be levied in the unregulated sector, no rebate is justified for the regulated sector. Moreover, even in the case of constrained taxation in the unregulated sector, a tax rebate or a subsidy in the regulated sector is not necessarily a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental levy; Tax rebate; Fiscal distortions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10512

Corruption and Environmental Policy: An Alternative Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapatinas,   Athanasios; Litina,   Anastasia; Sartzetakis,   Eftichios S.
We construct an overlapping generations model in which agents live through two periods; childhood and adulthood. Each agent makes choices only as an adult, based on her utility that depends on her own consumption and the human capital and environmental quality endowed to her offspring. Entering adulthood, agents choose randomly between two occupations: citizens and politicians. Citizens are the only producers of a single good and choose the proportion of their income to declare to the tax authorities. Politicians decide upon the allocation of the tax revenue between environmental protection and education activities, taking as given the rates of peculation in each activity. In this context, two self-fulfilling stable equilibria can emerge, one associated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; H26; H3; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101377

Agri-environmental conservation – the case for an environmental levy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crean,   Jason.
Recent environmental assessments have highlighted the extent of land degradation in Australia and the significant costs involved in addressing it. With projected investment costs running into tens of billions of dollars, it is not surprising that greater attention is now being focussed on who should pay. One idea gathering significant momentum has been the imposition of an environmental levy. Such a levy would raise public funds to be spent on resource degradation issues and has been proposed to work through the taxation system in a similar fashion to the Medicare levy, albeit for a more limited 10 year period. The paper assesses the arguments behind the imposition of an environmental levy and considers some of the issues associated with its effective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Cost-sharing; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57856

Investigation of the factors influencing adoption of GM crops at country level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Clare; Toma,   Luiza; Moran,   Dominic.
With the possible exception of nuclear technology, few scientific breakthroughs have generated the level of emotive debate that has surrounded the roll-out of agricultural biotechnology. Initial discussion about the environmental impacts of agricultural genetic modification, are now frequently juxtaposed with counter-claims that the technologies could actually be part of a wider global environmental solution in relation to climate change mitigation and food shortages. This study tests whether there are any consistent messages on why some countries seem to be advancing adoption of the technology, while others are not. We consider the range of claims in existing literature on adoption tendencies and then use structural equation modelling to test and estimate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Structural equation model; Global adoption.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50366

Az élelmiszer-ipari vállalkozások környezeti teljesítménye és a pénzügyi eredmények
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deak,   Zsuzsanna; Hajdu,   Istvanne.
Kutatásunk célja fényt deríteni arra, hogy a vállalkozások környezeti teljesítménye befolyásolja-e pénzügyi teljesítményüket, továbbá az, hogy milyen szerepet játszik ebben a média, hogyan változott az elmúlt időszakban a vállalkozások zöld erőfeszítéseinek megítélése? Megállapítható, hogy azokban a vállalkozásokban, amelyekben a média és a befektetők környezeti teljesítményüket kedvezően ítélik meg, magasabbak a megtérülési (ROE) mutatók, mint azokban, amelyeknek környezeti teljesítményét nem ítélik meg pozitívan. A magyarországi társadalomban a nem anyagi értékek iránti érzékenység és a környezettudatosság alacsony szintű. A társadalmi értékrendben alárendelt szerepet játszó környezetvédelmi gondolkozásra – reklámérték híján – a média mérsékelten hat. Ez...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Környezet; Élelmiszeripar; Média; Imázs; Environmental; Food industry; Media; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119945

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN FRAGILE LANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherr,   Sara J.; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16060

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AS CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURE: A DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15409

Valuing agricultural externalities in Canterbury rivers and streams
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tait,   Peter R.; Cullen,   Ross; Bicknell,   Kathryn.
Water quality and quantity concerns in Canterbury are intrinsically related to agriculture. Monetary values for impacts on streams and rivers is lacking in policy debate. This paper employs choice modelling to estimate values of three impacts on rivers and streams in Canterbury associated with agriculture: health risks of E coli from animal waste, ecological effects of excess nutrients, and low-flow impacts of irrigation. This study provides a valuation of outcomes for public policy implemented in Canterbury such as The Dairy and Clean Streams Accord, Living Streams, and The Restorative Programme for Lowland Streams.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-market-valuation; Choice experiment; Agricultural externalities; New Zealand; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96445

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN WHOLESALE FOOD DISTRIBUTION CENTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stearns,   Robert P.
Discusses the amount of solid wastes generated by wholesale food distribution centers, methods and cost of existing waste disposal systems and recommendations for improvements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27160

Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices.  For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356

Economics of Controlling Vertebrate Wildlife: the Pest-Asset Dichotomy and Environmental Conflict
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some wildlife species are agricultural pests (or otherwise a problem) but their populations are often valued by other than agriculturalists or by those not adversely affected by them directly. For non-farmers, the population levels of such wildlife are frequently pure public goods. This is one source of market failure in the economically optimal social control of an (agricultural) pest of this type. Secondly, if the species is geographically mobile, externalities occur between farmers (or other individuals) in the control of the species, and individuals ignore these spillovers in controlling pest species. Simple analysis is used to show that depending on the relative strength of these opposing types of market failure, farmers (or others) may excessively...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market failure; Pest control; Pure public goods; West Bengal; Wildlife; Zoonoses.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122727

RECREATIONAL SWIMMING BENEFITS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE LAKE WATER QUALITY POLICIES: AN APPLICATION OF A REPEATED DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Needelman,   Michael S.; Kealy,   Mary Jo.
Water pollution control policies generally direct sources (i.e., industry, agriculture) to reduce loadings of certain pollutants.  Thus, evaluating the relative net recreation benefits of policies to improve water quality requires establishing a linkage between the sources, the resultant water quality degradation at the affected water bodies, and, ultimately, the effect on recreation behavior.  This linkage is rarely present in the empirical literature which is, thus, deficient for water pollution control policy assessment purposes.  In this paper, we estimate the relative recreational swimming benefits that may result from controlling point and nonpoint sources of pollution, respectively, in New Hampshire's lakes.  We use a repeated discrete choice...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31464

Agricultural Production Survey Frames: Changes over time, issues, and challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watt,   Jean.
New Zealand has a long history of producing official statistics on agricultural, horticultural, and forestry production. Having a good population or survey frame is a key factor enabling the collection and production of quality statistics. Several population frames have been used over time for agricultural production censuses and surveys. These include land based frames, administrative registers, farmer and grower lists, and combinations of these. This paper discusses the frame currently used and earlier frames and associated challenges, including: the transition from a land based to administrative frame, coverage issues, frame updating, and issues when comparing statistics based on different frames. The paper discusses frames used for the production of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Statistics; Population; Survey; Frame; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96951

Relationship between Social Capital and Livelihood Enhancing Capitals among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abenakyo,   Annet; Sanginga,   Pascal; Njuki,   Jemimah M.; Kaaria,   Susan; Delve,   Robert J.
Social capital is an important characteristic of a community and is one of the components of the asset pentagon of the sustainable livelihood framework. The study aimed at assessing the levels and dimensions of social capital and how social capital influences other livelihood capitals. A Cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 208 households was conducted in Masindi and Hoima Districts in Uganda to assess the current livelihood conditions and strategies for improving rural livelihoods. An Index of social capital was generated using density of group membership and three levels of social capital where generated i.e. high, medium and low.  Two dimensions of social capital (bonding and bridging) were considered. Results showed that households with high...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Relationship; Social Capital; Livelihood Capitals; Smallholder Farmers; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52191

Integration-Valuation Nexus in Invasive Species Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shogren,   Jason F.; Finnoff,   David C.; McIntosh,   Christopher R.; Settle,   Chad.
This paper reviews recent work examining two topics of economic research vital for invasive species policy-integration and valuation. Integration requires bioeconomic models that blend invasive biology with economic circumstances and the feedback loops between the two systems. Valuation requires nonmarket valuation associated with human and environmental damages posed by invasive species. We argue for a second-level of integration in invasive species economics-valuation based on integration models. Policy prescriptions based on integration models need valuation work; valuation surveys need integration models-the two are complements. Valuation could be enhanced with integration in mind; integration could be made better with valuation in mind. An example...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Integrated economic-ecological modeling; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10183

Dynamic Contingent Valuation and Choice Modelling for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertzler,   Greg.
Non market valuation and bio economic modelling are combined in a dynamic model of ecosystem services. A mathematical proof demonstrates that the imputed price of natural capital contains all non market values and that scarcity rent is the total value of ecosystem services. A dynamic demand system, including characteristics is derived. New methods are developed for dynamic welfare analysis and both revealed and stated preference methods are proposed for estimating the price of natural capital. Estimation is simple if we avoid surveying consumers who degrade the ecosystem and instead consult owners who accrue the scarcity rent and conserve for the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non market valuation; Ecosystem services; Lancaster demand; Welfare analysis; Analytical solutions; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q57; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6024

Petroleum Industry's Economic Contribution to North Dakota in 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99252

Auswirkungen der Novellierung des EEG auf die Wettbewerbskraft der Biogasproduktion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rauh,   Stefan.
Im Zuge des Ausbaus der Biomasseproduktion für energetische Zwecke wurden zuerst insbe-sondere stillgelegte Flächen herangezogen. Doch mittlerweile sind quasi keine freien Flächen mehr verfügbar und besonders regional kommt es zu Konkurrenzen zwischen der Nahrungs-mittel- und der Energieproduktion. Welcher Bereich die notwendigen Agrarrohstoffe für sich beanspruchen darf, entscheidet der Markt. Die Fläche als Ursprung der Agrarrohstoffe ge-winnt demnach an Wert, was die Entwicklung auf dem Pachtmarkt zeigt. Zur Abschätzung welches Produktionsverfahren die höchste Entlohnung dieser knappen Ressource verspricht, dient die Bodenrente, also der Betrag, der nach Abzug aller Kosten noch zur Verfügung steht. Die erneute Novellierung des EEG im Jahr 2008 hat zu...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wettbewerbskraft; Bodenrente; Sunk costs; Biogasproduktion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53252

Recreational, Cultural and Aesthetic Services from Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Portela,   Rosimeiry; Rao,   Nalini; Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.
The role of economic analysis in guiding the sustainable development of estuarine and coastal ecosystems is investigated based on a comprehensive review of the literature on the valuation of the recreation, cultural and aesthetic services. The implications of the findings for the sustainable management of coral reefs, Marine Protected Areas, and Small Island Developing States are discussed. Finally, the potential of meta-analytical benefit transfer and scaling up of values at various aggregation levels is demonstrated in the context of coastal tourism and recreation in Europe. The results of the study support the conclusion that the non-material values provided by coastal and estuarine ecosystems in terms of recreational, cultural and aesthetic services...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56214

A fenntartható fejlődés kérdései a Gyöngyösi kistérség településein
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baják,   Imre; Torcsvari,   Zsolt.
A kutatás célja a fenntarthatóság lokális, helyi (kistérségi, települési) megvalósítási lehetőségeinek, megoldási módjainak, ellentmondásainak és akadályainak feltárása. A kérdőíves vizsgálat az önkormányzatoknál és a lakosságnál is ismerethiányt és gyenge kezdeményezőkészséget jelzett. Igaz, napjainkban Magyarországon a fenntarthatóságot kormányzati és helyi szinten sem kezelik jelentőségének megfelelő helyen, s a nemzeti stratégia is csak 2007-re készült el. Útmutatók és esettanulmányok híján az önkormányzatok is csak tapogatóznak, és a lakosság sincsen tisztában a nemzetközi kezdeményezés jelentőségével. A törvényi háttér csak azt rögzíti, hogy a helyi hatóságok részt vehetnek ilyen stratégiák készítésében, de nem fogalmaz meg kötelezettségeket,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Fenntarthatósági stratégia; Lokális szint; Önkormányzatok; Civil szféra; Sustainability; Sustainability strategy; Local level; Municipal Governments; NGOs; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92528

Fiscal Interactions and the Costs of Controlling Pollution from Electricity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper quantifies the costs of controlling SO2, carbon, and NOx emissions from power generation, accounting for interactions between environmental policies and the broader fiscal system. We distinguish a dirty technology (coal) that satisfies baseload demand and a clean technology (gas) that is used during peak periods, and we distinguish sectors with and without regulated prices. Estimated emissions control costs are substantially lower than in previous models of fiscal interactions that assume a single, constant returns technology and competitive pricing. The results are reasonably robust to alternative scenarios, such as full price deregulation and market power in the deregulated sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity generation; Pollution control; Fiscal interventions; Price regulation; Multiple technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H21; H23; L94.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10785

Sustainability assessment of olive grove in Andalusia: A methodological proposal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez-Limon,   Jose Antonio; Riesgo,   Laura.
Recently the olive sector has had important changes in Andalusia due to both the enlargement and the intensification of farming. The expansion of the olive grove in Andalusia is causing sustainability problems, not only from the socio-economic dimension (profit reduction) but environmental (erosion, water pollution or biodiversity losses). The main objective of this study is to develop a methodology to analyse the sustainability of the olive grove farms in Andalusia. This methodology will allow us to bear with the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) as well as to obtain a precise diagnosis of the olive grove through a selection of a set of indicators. This methodology will be applied in future research works in order to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Olive tree; Sustainability; Indicators; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109323

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN THE PRAIRIE REGION OF CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arthur,   Louise M.; Abizadeh,   Fay.
The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of long-term climate change, as a consequence of doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide, on Canadian prairie agriculture. The climate change scenarios are based on regional results from two leading general circulation models (GCMs), and GFDL model and the GISS model. Although both scenarios suggest that average temperatures will increase in all areas of all three provinces by an annual average of 2.6 to 4.6 degrees centigrade, in some areas additional precipitation is enough to compensate for the increased evapotranspiration. Changes in crop revenues under current economic/technological conditions range from a 7% loss in Alberta under one GFDL scenario to an 8% increase in Saskatchewan under a slight...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32107

EVALUATING ECONOMICS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION UNDER HIGH AND LOW INPUTS FARMING SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khakbazan,   Mohammad; Monreal,   M.; Derksen,   D.A.; Zentner,   Robert P.
A serious concern about the sustainability of existing production systems has resulted from the low profitability of agriculture and the deterioration of the natural resource base.  As a result of these concerns, increased attention has been given to alternative farming practices in order to decrease the use of fossil fuels, to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, and to increase the implementation of conservation tillage practices. Farmers are recommended to include pulse crop into their rotation since legumes form symbiotic associations with bacteria that can fix atmospheric N2 reducing the need of nitrogen fertilizer application and the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economics of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34197

CLIMATE CHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT ON UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN STREAMFLOWS USING SWAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Manoj K.; Arnold,   Jeffrey G.; Gassman,   Philip W.; Gu,   Roy.
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the impacts of potential future climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed on a monthly basis for 1968-87 and 1988-97, respectively; R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (E) values computed for the monthly comparisons were 0.74 and 0.65 for the calibration period and 0.81 and 0.75 for the validation period. The impacts of eight 20-year (1971-90) scenarios were then analyzed, relative to a scenario baseline. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations was predicted to result in an average annual flow increase of 35 percent. An average annual flow decrease of 15 percent was estimated for a constant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Flow; Hydrology; Simulation; Spatial patterns; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18419

PROPOSAL TO STUDY ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REDUCING SOIL EROSION IN ALBANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bockheim,   James G.
Soil erosion and associated nonpoint pollution are critical problems affecting the economic welfare, food security, and public health of Albania. Nearly 60 million tons of sediment are deposited by Albanian rivers into the Adriatic Sea each year. This translates into a national average soil erosion rate of 27.2 tons per hectare per year, which is more than twice the level of "tolerable" erosion established by many countries. This also means that an average of 2.3 mm of valuable topsoil are lost to the ocean each year. Accompanying the topsoil are agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers as well as industrial pollutants, which are transported to reservoirs, rivers, lakes, and the ocean, thereby causing a degradation in water quality. The objectives...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Soil conservation--Environmental aspects--Albania; Soil conservation--Economic aspects--Albania; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12768

The Effect on Asset Values of the Allocation of Carbon Dioxide Emission Allowances
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
Paradoxically, owners of existing generation assets may be better off paying for carbon dioxide emission allowances than having them distributed for free. This analysis shows that it takes just 7.5% of the revenue raised under an auction to preserve the asset values of existing generators.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Emission allowance trading; Allocation; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Outputbased allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10705

Estimating the Value of Groundwater in Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brozovic,   Nicholas; Islam,   Shahnila.
In recent years there has been increasing regulation of agricultural water use in order to reduce transboundary and environmental water conflicts. Effective policy analysis needs to have tools to estimate correctly the value of irrigation water. Irrigating land increases crop yields and this higher profitability should be capitalized into the sales price of the land. For irrigation that depends on surface water rights, studies have found this to be the case (Xu et al. 1993, Faux and Perry 1999). However, studies that have analyzed the value of groundwater in irrigation have found mixed results. Hartman and Taylor (1989) and Sunderland, Libbin and Torell (1987) find that groundwater irrigation has no significant effect on land prices; Torrell et al. (1990)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Hedonics; Propensity score matching; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61337

The Impact of Drought on Grain Handling Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Taeyoon; Kenkel,   Philip L.
Drought impact both producers and agribusinesses. This study investigates the impacts of the 2004-2007 droughts on Oklahoma grain handling and fertilizer supply firms. The results indicated an average decline in firm revenues of 30%. Individual firms had single year revenue declines of 85% and drought period declines of 75%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6844

Negative Externalities on Property Values Resulting from Water Impairment: The Case of the Pigeon River Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Roberts,   Roland K.; Kim,   Seung Gyu.
The following hypothesis was tested: Willingness to bear a negative water impairment externality differs between those who do and those who do not receive economic benefit from the impairment source, e.g., a paper mill. The hypothesis was tested using a hedonic analysis of ambient water quality in two discrete housing markets in the Pigeon River Watershed, which have been polluted by the operation of a paper mill. The results suggest that North Carolina residents of the subwatersheds with impaired river, who experience economic benefits from the paper mill in addition to harmful effects, do perceive the pollution as a negative externality, whereas they may have a willingness to bear a similar type of negative externality associated with impaired streams....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Negative Externalities; Water quality; Spatial hedonic model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103762

THE DYNAMICS OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND MEASURES OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli.
The cost-effectiveness of carbon sequestration alternatives has often been discussed in the economics literature on sequestration. Average or marginal costs and annual carbon supply curves are often used as measures of cost-effectiveness. Sequestration is inherently a temporal process and how time is accounted for in the various measures of cost-effectiveness is critical for appropriate cross-study comparisons. I examine three factors that affect the magnitude of measured cost-effectiveness: the study period, the sequestration path, and the discount rate if discounting is used. The extent to which these factors affect the consistency of cross-study comparisons is empirically illustrated.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Annualization; Carbon sequestration; The study period; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18451

Local Marketing of Organic Food by Certified Organic Processors, Manufacturers, and Distributors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitri,   Carolyn; Jaenicke,   Edward C.; Oberholtzer,   Lydia.
Local organic food is garnering new interest. Using new data from a national survey of certified organic intermediaries, we examine local markets for organic food and assess which firms are likely to market locally. Approximately 25% of survey respondents primarily market their products locally, and 15% of the value of organic food (at the intermediate level) is sold locally. Larger firms are less likely to market locally, firms that handle a greater share of organic products are more likely to market locally, and the likelihood of marketing locally is lower the longer a firm has been certified organic.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Local food; Local organic food; Organic handlers; Organic intermediaries; Organic marketing; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90640

Climate Change Feedback on Economic Growth: Explorations with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Roson,   Roberto.
Human-generated greenhouse gases depend on the level of economic activity. Therefore, most climate change studies are based on models and scenarios of economic growth. Economic growth itself, however, is likely to be affected by climate change impacts. These impacts affect the economy in multiple and complex ways: changes in productivity, resource endowments, production and consumption patterns. We use a new dynamic, multi-regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the world economy to answer the following questions: Will climate change impacts significantly affect growth and wealth distribution in the world? Should forecasts of human-induced greenhouse gases emissions be revised, once climate change impacts are taken into account? We found...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52339

Contribution of integrated water resources management towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donoso,   Guillermo; Cancino,   Jose P.
Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water and the millennium development goals; Millennium Development Goals; Integrated water resources management; Water resources and development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104413

Economic valuation of recreational fishing in Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raguragavan,   Jananee; Hailu,   Atakelty; Burton,   Michael P.
Allocation of fish resource is a controversial subject. Decision making is partly made difficult by the lack of knowledge on recreational fishing preferences and the value of fishing opportunities. This study investigates fishing site choices in Western Australia. Recreational fishing data covering the eight major fishing regions and fourty eight fishing sites in the State are used. The data are used to estimate a random utility model (RUM) of site choice behaviour with a supporting negative binomial econometric model of angler and fish-specific expected catch rates. We provide value estimates for different fish types, fishing site attribute changes as well as site access values. It is argued that sound economic value estimates can be starkly different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-market valuation; Recreational fishing; Random utility models; Fisheries management; Marine environment management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97473

The Sustainability of Cotton Production in China and in Australia: Comparative Economic and Environmental Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xufu; Tisdell,   Clement A.
After providing some background about the importance of cotton as a fibre, this article provides information about the global relevance of China’s and Australia’s cotton industries and compares the structure and other significant features of their cotton industries. Attention is given to trends in overall cotton yields and the volume of production of cotton globally, in Australia, and in China as indicators of the sustainability of cotton supplies. Some simple economic theory is applied to indicate the relationship between market conditions and the sustainability of global cotton supplies. Then the environmental and economic factors that challenge the sustainability of Australian cotton production are outlined and analysed and this is done subsequently for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; China; Cotton production; Fibre markets; Hysteresis of supplies; Sustainable agriculture; Water resources.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q11; Q15; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55338

Rural Household Labour Demand, Contract Choice, Hoarding Cost and Poverty: Evidence from Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gathungu,   E.; Musyoka,   M.P.
This study determines the factors that influenced contract choice, labour demand and examines the existence of labour hoarding practice in Western region of Kenya. Data from Egerton University’s Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development was used for the analysis.. A two step Heckman model was employed to estimate the extent of engagement in daily and semi-permanent contracts conditional on choice of contract. Results from the study show that casual and semi-permanent contracts are substitutes.  Family labour negatively influences engagement in daily and semi-permanent contracts hence it is a substitute to the two forms of the contracts. Increase in wages paid to casual contracts is negative and significant to the extent of daily contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Kenya; Labour; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52159

Asia's Livestock Industries: Changes and Environmental Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Asia’s livestock populations and production of edible livestock have risen substantially in recent years. Asia has increased its global share of livestock and livestock products. Furthermore, it has greatly increased its involvement in world trade in edible livestock products, e.g., exports of poultry meat and pig meat and imports of bovine meat and milk products. This article highlights these changes focussing on China, considers the reasons for these and their possible consequences for the environment. Future possible threats to Asia’s export of livestock products are also discussed, such as environmental and animal welfare concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54347

Easy winnings? The economics of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Pannell,   David J.; Robertson,   Michael J.; Thamo,   Tas.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal as:  Kragt, M.E., Pannell, D.J., Robertson, M.J. &amp; Thamo, T. (2012) Assessing costs of soil carbon sequestration by crop-livestock farmers in Western Australia, Agricultural Systems, 112: 27-37.  DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2012.06.005
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: APSIM; Bioeconomic Modelling; Carbon Farming; Climate Change Mitigation; MIDAS; Soil Carbon Sequestration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109247

RESILIENCE OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN EUROPEAN RURAL AREAS: THEORY AND PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schouten,   Marleen A.H.; van der Heide,   Martijn M.; Heijman,   Wim J.M.
In today’s world, rural areas are confronted with a spectrum of changes. These changes have multiple characters, varying from changes in ecosystem conditions to socioeconomic impacts, such as food- and financial crises. They present serious problems to rural management and largely affect future perspectives of rural areas. Rural resilience refers to the capacity of a rural region to adapt to changing external circumstances in such a way that a satisfactory standard of living is maintained, while coping with its inherent ecological, economic and social vulnerability. Rural resilience describes how rural areas are affected by external shocks and how it influences system dynamics. This paper further eradicates on this concept, by exploring in detail what the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Rural development; Complex adaptive systems; System dynamics; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57343

The Clean Development Mechanism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muller-Pelzer,   Felicia.
This paper explores chosen CDM methodologies for methane recovery and electricity generation regarding their additionality assessment. First, a brief outline of the historical evolution will be given and the three flexibility mechanisms (the Emission Trading, the Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism) will be defined. Against this background, the paper will illustrate the working of the CDM, discuss the additionality concept, show limitations of the additionality assessment and explain the impact of the baseline setting. Second, chosen methodologies will be compared and explored with the aim to identify problems of implementation. In order to make the analysis understandable, a first section explains how the methodologies were chosen....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26122

Economics of Controlling Livestock Diseases: Basic Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Extends the simple model of the economics of controlling livestock disease as first presented by McInerney (1991) to take account of start-up costs which give use to thresholds effects.  A further extension is given to allow for economics of such in disease control which can also have a threshold effect.  The problem of uncertainty about the costs and benefits of disease control in livestock is also discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55093

Benefit-Cost Analysis and Socio-Economic Considerations of Trypanosomiasis Control and Treatment in Northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wahab,   S.; Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel.
The paper estimates the cost of tsetse control and treatment of trypanosomiasis and the benefits involved, using benefit-cost analysis. It also estimates the extent to which socio-economic characteristics of farmers affect the use of tsetse control techniques, using a maximum Likelihood-Binary Logit model. The results show that farmers will benefit if they invest in control and treatment of the disease. We find that the farmer accepting the challenge that the tsetse fly is a threat to cattle production, the number of dependants the farmer has, and the farmer agreeing that the bite of the tsetse fly causes the nagana disease are significant factors that affect adoption of control practices including the use of prescribed drugs. Our findings suggest that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52878

THE COST OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL TO U.S. CROP PRODUCTION:  MEASURING CROP PRICE, REGIONAL ACREAGE, WELFARE, AND INPUT SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konyar,   Kazim; Howitt,   Richard E.
This study analyzes the impact of implementing carbon permit trading considered under the Kyoto Protocol, and the subsequent expected increase in energy and resource prices on U.S. crop production. The focus is on input substitution, net farm income, regional crop acreage, and crop prices. The analysis is carried out with a calibrated mathematical programming model which covers the major crops produced in the 48 contiguous states on a regional basis. The model accounts for both the variable inputs and the allocatable inputs of land and irrigation water, and it permits input substitution when farmers are faced with external shocks. The results suggest that when energy prices increase, the net cost to the crop-producing sector depends on the farmer’'s...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30900

Optimal Green Taxation with Both Emission and Commodity Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitafi,   Basharat A.K.; Roumasset,   James A.
Several authors have argued that the second-best environmental tax on a "dirty good" is less than the marginal emission damage associated with its consumption. These studies limit their analysis to cases in which emissions can only be reduced by a proportional reduction of the "dirty" good. With a more general specification of technology that allows emissions to be directly as well as indirectly taxed, we show that the direct emission tax cannot be less than its marginal emission damage, regardless of the normalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19693

Endogenous Economic Reforms and Local Realities: Cotton policy-making in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan; Serra,   Renata.
This paper explores the case for believing endogenous reforms to be more developmental than externally-imposed reforms, by drawing on the recent unorthodox experience of  cotton sector reform in Burkina Faso. We address questions about reform emergence, feasibility, developmental impact, and sustainability. Our analysis, which carefully incorporates local social and political realities, suggests that the urban elites dominating the Burkinabè state favoured a particular cotton reform process, because it provided them with higher rents; while allowing for some rent distribution to the rural world which secured national consensus around reform. Endogenous reforms, though more feasible, are not necessarily more sustainable over time. In Burkina Faso, the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Cotton policy-making; Reforms; Burkina Faso; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116227

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF FISHERIES ON THE BENEFITS FROM ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staniford,   Andrew J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22918

Disposition of precipitation: Supply and Demand for Water Use by New Tree Plantations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nordblom,   Thomas L.; Finlayson,   John D.; Hume,   Iain H.
As the greatest rainwater users among all vegetative land covers, tree plantations have been employed strategically to mitigate salinity and water-logging problems. However, large-scale commercial tree plantations in high rainfall areas reduce fresh water inflows to river systems supporting downstream communities, agricultural industries and wetland environmental assets. A bio-economic model was used to estimate economic demand for water by future upstream plantations in a sub-catchment (the 2.8 million ha Macquarie valley in NSW) of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Given four tree-product values, impacts were simulated under two settings: without and with the requirement that permanent water entitlements be purchased from downstream entitlement...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Forest; Environmental services; Catchment; Water sources; Interception; Entitlement; Supply; Demand; Market; Economic surplus; Evapo-transpiration; Urban water; Irrigation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101225

Urban wastewater:  A valuable resource for agriculture - A case study from Haroonabad, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Hoek,   Wim; Ul Hassan,   Mehmood; Ensink,   Jeroen H.J.; Feenstra,   Sabiena; Raschid-Sally,   Liqa; Munir,   Sarfraz; Aslam,   Rizwan; Ali,   Nazim; Hussain,   Raheela; Matsuno,   Yutaka.
Farming communities in water-scarce regions increasingly practice the use of urban wastewater in agriculture. Untreated urban wastewater is generally considered unacceptable for direct use because of potential health risks. However, in many parts of the world, poor farmers in peri-urban areas use untreated wastewater. This situation is considered likely to continue even in the foreseeable future due to the high investment cost associated with the installation of treatment facilities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Waste waters; Irrigation water; Water reuse; Economic analysis; Soil properties; Households; Water availability; Water use; Water quality; Groundwater; Public health; Risks; Case studies; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44566

Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Socolow,   Robert; Pacala,   Stephen W.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
We compile a database of energy uses, energy sources, and carbon dioxide emissions for the USA for the period 1850-2002. We use a model to extrapolate the missing observations on energy use by sector. Overall emission intensity rose between 1850 and 1917, and fell between 1917 and 2002. The leading cause for the rise in emission intensity was the switch from wood to coal, but population growth, economic growth, and electrification contributed as well. After 1917, population growth, economic growth and electrification pushed emissions up further, and there was no net shift from fossil to non-fossil energy sources. From 1850 to 2002, emissions were reduced by technological and behavioural change (particularly in transport, manufacturing and households),...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12043

Agricultural Value Chain Development in West Africa – Methodological framework and case study of mango in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Melle,   Cathelijne; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Hell,   Kerstin.
Globalization and competitiveness of agricultural commodities could have significant potential benefits for food security and poverty reduction in West Africa. Participation in global trade and economy is potentially important but not enough to ensure benefits at all levels of the chains and equitable distribution of income for each participant. Efficiency is key in the commodity value chain, but effective support functions and services, infrastructure, legal and policy environment are important. This paper presents the framework of value chain concept and analysis, as a guide to enhance competitiveness of commodities at national, regional or global level. The paper applies the value chain framework to a case study on mango in Benin, West Africa. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benin; Mango; Value chain; West Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51994

Valuing a Spatially Diverse Non-Market Good:  The Benefits of Reduced Non-Point Source Pollution in Green Bay, WI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; Bishop,   Richard C.; Provencher,   Bill.
This article presents an empirical approach to correcting for spatial interactions in stated preference data when valuing large-scale, spatially variable environmental improvements. This approach is presented in the context of a contingent valuation study estimating the benefits of reduced non-point source pollution in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The significant spatial variation of water clarity conditions in this large water body was captured using satellite-derived GIS data. This article focuses on two significant challenges: first, ensuring respondents are adequately informed of how the proposed change will impact their individual utility stream; second, dealing with the spatial effects within the estimation model. The GIS water clarity data were used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Non-point source pollution; Contingent valuation; Spatial correlation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9809

Wildlife Conservation Payments to Address Habitat Fragmentation and Disease Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Gramig,   Benjamin M.
We build a stylized model to gain insights into the application of conservation payments to protect endangered species in the face of wildlife-livestock disease risks and habitat fragmentation.  Greater connectivity of habitat creates an endogenous trade-off.  More connectedness ups the chance that populations of endangered species will grow more rapidly; however, greater connectivity also increases the likelihood that diseases will spread more quickly.   We analyze subsidies for both habitat connectedness and livestock vaccination.   We find the cost-effective policy is to initially subsidize habitat connectivity rather than vaccinations; this increases habitat contiguousness, which eventually also increases disease risks.  Once habitat is sufficiently...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21076

The Effect of Climate Change on Land Use and Wetlands Conservation in Western Canada: An Application of Positive Mathematical Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Withey,   Patrick; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This study examines the impact of climate change on land use in the Prairie Pothole Region of Western Canada, with particular emphasis on how climate change will impact wetlands. A multi-region Positive Mathematical Programming model calibrates land use in the area to observed acreage in 2006. Policy simulations for both climate effects as well as the effects of biofuel policies determine how climate change will affect land use and wetlands. Given that the model calibrates to observed acreage, the policies provide a realistic view of how land use might change from current levels, given the effects of climate change. Results indicate that climate change could decrease wetlands in this area by as much as 50 percent. The effect will be very different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming; Wetlands conservation; Land use change; Climate change; Biofuels; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; C02; C63; Q15; Q54; Q57; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107095

Production and Abatement Distortions under Noisy Green Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Hennessy,   David A.
Pigouvian taxes are typically imposed in situations where there is imperfect knowledge on the extent of damage caused by a producing firm. A regulator imposing imperfectly informed Pigouvian taxes may cause the firms that should (should not) produce to shut down (produce). In this paper we use a Bayesian information framework to identify optimal signal-conditioned taxes in the presence of such losses. The tax system involves reducing (increasing) taxes on firms identified as causing high (low) damage. Unfortunately, when an abatement decision has to be made, the tax system that minimizes production distortions also dampens the incentive to abate. In the absence of wrong-firm concerns, a regulator can solve the problem by not adjusting taxes for signal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conditioning; Heterogeneity; Informativeness; Pigouvian tax; Signaling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18480

Public perceptions – issues in where we want rural New Zealand to head in the 21st Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.; Cullen,   Ross; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
The ongoing biennial environmental perceptions survey has been used to consider issues when setting future directions for rural New Zealand in the 21st Century. The overall state of the environment is very good, although freshwater rates the lowest of all resources considered. At a more local level there is considerable concern about lowland streams, rivers and lakes. Farming is increasingly blamed for damaging freshwater and a range of other resources. There are important demographic differences. Those employed in resource based industries are much more positive about specific water resources than are others – anglers are more pessimistic. New Zealanders want an improved future for the rural environment and are willing to contribute. Achieving...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Perception surveys; Rural futures; Issues; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96447

Innovation Under the Tradable Sulfur Dioxide Emission Permits Program in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas.
The 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) instituted a national program in tradable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission permits, referred to as "emission allowances," in the U.S. electricity sector. This paper provides a survey and assessment of the SO2 allowance trading program with a focus on the role of innovation. Over the last decade the cost of compliance has fallen dramatically compared with most expectations, and today the total cost of the program is 40-140% lower than projections (depending on the timing of those projections and the counter-factual baseline considered). Marginal costs of reductions are less than one-half the cost considered in most analyses at the time the program was introduced. Innovation accounts for a large portion of these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Incentive-based regulation; SO2 trading; Clean Air Act Amendments; Environmental Economics and Policy; O31; Q25.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10599

Socioeconomic Causes of Loss of Animal Genetic Diversity: Analysis and Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The number of breeds of domesticated animals, especially livestock, have declined rapidly. The proximate causes and processes involved in loss of breeds are outlined. Also the path-dependent effect and Swanson’s dominance-effect are discussed in relation to lock-in of breed selection. While these effects help to explain genetic erosion, they need to be supplemented to provide further explanation of biodiversity loss. In the respect, it is shown that the extension of markets and economic globalisation have contributed significantly to the loss of breeds. In addition, the decoupling of animal husbandry from surrounding natural environmental conditions, particularly industrialised intensive animal husbandry, is further eroding the stock of genetic resources....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Breed selection; Economic globalisation; Intensive agriculture; Market extension; Path dependence.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q200.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48741

ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE CARBON SINK SERVICES OF TROPICAL SECONDARY FORESTS AND ITS MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Octavio A.; Carpio,   Carlos E.; Ortiz,   Rosalba; Finnegan,   Brian.
This paper explores the economic feasibility secondary forest regeneration and conservation as an alternative to help address global warming. Detailed measurements of tropical secondary forests through time, in different ecological zones of Costa Rica, are used for estimating carbon storage models. The paper addresses key issues in the international discussion about cross- and within-country compensation for carbon storage services and illustrates a method to compute/predict their economic value through time under a variety of scenarios. The procedure is applicable to other developing countries where secondary forest growth is increasingly important.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tropical Forests; Carbon Sequestration; Global Warming; Activities Implemented Jointly.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21776

GLOBALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE MACHINE IN THE GLOBAL GARDEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14373

Risk Perceptions of Arsenic in Tap Water and Consumption of Bottled Water
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jakus,   Paul M.; Shaw,   W. Douglass; Nguyen,   To N.; Walker,   Mark.
The demand for bottled water has increased rapidly over the past decade, but bottled water is extremely costly compared to tap water.  The convenience of bottled water surely matters to consumers, but are others factors at work?  This manuscript examines whether purchases of bottled water are associated with the perceived risk of tap water.  All of the past studies on bottled water consumption have used simple scale measures of perceived risk that do not correspond to risk measures used by risk analysts.  We elicit a probability-based measure of risk and find that as perceived risks rise, expenditures for bottled water rise.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q25; Q53; I12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49221

AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EU: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ABATEMENT COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
This paper addresses the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the European Union. We first estimate and compare net emissions from agricultural activities in twelve EU countries. These estimates are based on a set of farm-unit linear-programming models. We then use these models to derive marginal and total abatement costs associated with different levels of reduction targets (dual approach) and different values of carbon-equivalent emissions (primal approach). Finally, we explore the possibility of allowing afforestation on set-aside land. This paper highlights the discrepancies between countries regarding abatement costs and their sensitiveness to the accounting for carbon sequestration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20577

Costly Enforcement of Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEvoy,   David M.; Stranlund,   John K.
Although the theoretical literature on the performance of voluntary approaches to environmental protection has progressed quite far in the last decade, no one has rigorously addressed the obvious point that even voluntary emissions control policies must be enforced. This paper examines the consequences of the need for costly enforcement of voluntary environmental agreements with industries on the ability of these agreements to meet regulatory objectives, the levels of industry participation with these agreements, and the relative efficiency of voluntary and regulatory approaches. We find that enforcement costs that are borne by the members of a voluntary emissions control agreement limit the circumstances under which an agreement can form in place of an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Voluntary agreements; Self-enforcing agreements; Emissions tax; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7382

Assessing Factor Contribution to Nitrogen Concentration Levels in the Raccoon River Watershed in Iowa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayasinghe,   Sampath; Miller,   David A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103796

Using Information from Mid Term Evaluations of RDP for the Multicriteria Analysis of Agri-environmental Schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartolini,   Fabio; Finn,   J.; Kurz,   Isabelle; Samoggia,   Antonella; Viaggi,   Davide.
This paper discusses how environmental indicators and multicriteria methodologies can support the ex post evaluation of Agri-Environmental Schemes. The paper is based on information from the Mid term evaluation of the Rural Development Programmes and develops around an example that compares Ireland and Emilia-Romagna. The results show that the application of Agri-Environmental Schemes only partially achieves to local objectives, and the way in which the Agri-Environmental Schemes are implemented can be reasonably improved. However, the tentative analysis emphasizes the scarcity of quantitative data that can be related to effectiveness, the lack of predetermined quantitatively defined target levels of objectives and the difficulty to assess the relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Mid term evaluation; Multifunctional agriculture; Indicators; Multicriteria analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q18; Q2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24738

TARGETING LAGGING TERRITORIES WITH EU RURAL SUPPORT POLICY: CASE STUDY IN LATVIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balamou,   Eudokia; Saktina,   Daina; Meyers,   William H.
paper from session A
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Lagging rural areas; Bi-regional CGE model; Rural development policy; CAP; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57338

BENEFITS OF CONTROLLING SALINE WATER IN COLORADO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellingson,   Lindsey; Houk,   Eric E.; Schuck,   Eric C.; Frasier,   W. Marshall.
The Arkansas River in Colorado is confronted with a salinity issue; the majority of this salinity problem is due to agricultural runoff caused by irrigation.  Reducing applications of irrigation water through adoption of more technically efficient irrigation systems is one means of improving water quality in the Arkansas River basin.  This research uses positive mathematical programming to model the cropping practices of the farms along the Arkansas River.  It examines the affect of acreage and profit levels of these farms given the choice of changing their irrigation technologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36280

Resilience in Ecology and Belief
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/18/08.  Former title:  Non-Linearity in Belief and Environmental Risk Dynamics
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Belief dynamics; Ecological hysteresis; Water scarcity; Groundwater dependent ecosystems; Threshold effects; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5999

Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91729

The Pollution Haven Hypothesis: Significance and Insignificance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kellogg,   Ryan.
Theory and intuition tell us that the imposition of stringent environmental policies by a given country will reduce its net exports of commodities produced using pollution-intensive industries.  It is therefore surprising that many empirical studies of international commodity trade have failed to find evidence of this effect.  This study offers a new, highly focused test of the pollution haven hypothesis, by investigating the link between international factor trade in coal and urban air concentrations of SO2.  I find statistically significant evidence that countries with poor air quality do have higher net factor exports of coal; however, the magnitude of the impact is small, casting doubt on the economic significance of the pollution haven effect as a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21191

The path to an NZETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collins,   Julie.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96664

Valoracion de activos ambientales mediante metodos multicriterio. Aplicacion a la valoracion del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellver,   Jeronimo Aznar; Guitart,   Vicente Estruch.
The valuation of these goods can be a relevant element for the conservation and improvement, though the intangible and inmaterial aspects of environmental asseets difficult the utilisation of the traditional methods of valuation. This work presents a methodology for the valuation of those assets combining multi-criteria methods, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Goal Programming and traditional method the Discounted Cash Flows. The combinatio of both techniques allows extracting and indicator of the Total Economic Value (TEV) of an environmental asset, as well as of each partial value which make up the TEV, including tangible and intangible elements. The proposed methodology is applied to the valuation of the Alto Tajo Natural Park    RESUMEN Calcular...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic valuation; Environmental assets; Analytic hierarchy process; Goal programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q29; C52; H43.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7999

Protocols for spatial analysis to be implemented in the domain editor by WP5 - Allocation of farm types spatially including the new Member states
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbersen,   Berien S.; Kempen,   Markus; Andersen,   Erling; Staritsky,   Igor G.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58107

Economic Impacts of GHG and Nutrient Reduction Policies in New Zealand: A Tale of Two Catchments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Greenhalgh,   Suzie; Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi.
Agricultural and forestry GHG emissions are a key feature of New Zealand’s emissions profile, and New Zealand is the only country, to date, to have indicated that agricultural and forestry emissions will be covered under their domestic climate policy – the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme. Coupled with climate policy development is the increasing scrutiny of agricultural impacts on water. This paper uses New Zealand Forest and Agriculture Regional Model (NZ-FARM) to assess the potential economic and environmental impacts of imposing both a climate and nutrient reduction policy on the agricultural and forestry industries in the Manawatu and Hurunui/Waiau catchments in New Zealand. We find that adding a scheme that reduces catchment-level nutrients by...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and forestry modelling; Land use; Climate policy; Water quality; Greenhouse gas emissions; Nutrient leaching; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124284

Insecticide Use and Crop Selection: A South Dakota Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Tia Michelle; Keating,   Ariel Ruth; Fausti,   Scott W.; Li,   Jing; Lundgren,   Jonathan G.; Catangui,   Mike.
South Dakota has recently experienced a significant increase in the proportion of acres treated with insecticide. Unfortunately, data on insecticide usage by crop at the county level is not available. The following case study seeks to uncover the reasons for this increase by analyzing county-level data in South Dakota with a fixed effects panel regression. The study links the proportion of acres planted for a specific crop to the proportion of total acres treated with insecticide. This approach provides insight on how changing cropping patterns in South Dakota have influenced insecticide use.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Insecticides; Genetically Modified Organism; Target pests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91991

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Choiniere,   Conrad J.
The paper develops an exhaustible resource model with cumulative pollution and a backstop technology that exhibits increasing marginal costs of production. The model explores conditions under which it is optimal to have a protracted transition period where both an exhaustible and renewable resource are used simultaneously.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21813

Integrating Environmental Protection and North American Free Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emerson,   Peter M.; Nessman,   Alan C.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) represents significant developments in both regional trade liberalisation and environmental protection. Pre-agreement negotiations offered non-government organisations (NGOs) considerable opportunity to reduce areas of potential conflict between these two objectives. The Agreement deals with both boundary problems and common standards without dictating uniformity of standards or impinging greatly on each nation's sovereign control over matters within its own borders. The introduction of this practical strategy into the international trade arena could be the most significant feature of the NAFTA in shaping future regional and international trade negotiations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12333

Western Hemisphere Integration: Trade Policy Reform and Environmental Policy Harmonization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Denice; Krissoff,   Barry; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50815

Renewable energy integration into the Australian National Electricity Market: Characterising the energy value of wind and solar generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boerema,   Nicholas; Kay,   Merlinde; MacGill,   Iain.
This paper examines how key characteristics of the underlying wind and solar resources may impact on their energy value within the Australian National Electricity Market(NEM). Analysis has been performed for wind generation using half hour NEM data for South Australia over the 2008-9 financial year. The potential integration of large scale solar generation has been modelled using direct normal solar radiant energy measurements from the Bureau of Meteorology for six sites across the NEM. For wind energy, the level and variability of actual wind farm outputs in South Australia is analysed. High levels of wind generation in that State have been found to have a strong secondary effect on spot prices. Wind generation's low operating costs will see it displacing...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Energy value; Integration; NEM; Solar; Variability; Wind; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107740

Efficiency under a Combination of Ordinal and Cardinal Information on Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athanassoglou,   Stergios.
Replaced with a revised version of paper 10/05/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Random Assignment; Efficiency; Duality; Linear Programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D01; D60.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101288

Financing threatened species management: the costs of single species programmes and the budget constraint
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moran,   Emma; Cullen,   Ross; Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.
In New Zealand total annual funding allows 15 percent of the 2,400 threatened species to be targeted for management. Although management costs are crucial to a conservation organisation's ability to achieve its goals, estimates of costs are not usually included in applications for funding or the preparation of recovery plans. Cost is also not generally a factor in priority ranking systems and cost-effectiveness analysis is rarely conducted. Using the results of analysis of 11 single species programmes for 2003-2012, this paper investigates the costs of management. It also considers the impact of the budget constraint on outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Threatened species; Management; Cost; Budget constraint; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98498

„Doppelte Politikverflechtung“ als Bestimmungsfaktor der Agrarstruktur- und der Agrarumweltpolitik in der BR Deutschland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mehl,   Peter; Plankl,   Reiner.
A large portion of the agri-structural policies and agri-environmental policies in the Federal Republic of Germany are decided within the framework of complex decision-making structures and fiscal responsibility at different political levels (the federal states, the national government, and the European Union), resulting in “double-interlocked federalism”. This paper describes the specific institutional configuration and its historical development, and presents a financial analysis of the development plans for rural areas in selected federal states to illustrate the increasing role of interlocked federalism. The interplay between the political levels took an unexpectedly flexible, and between the various states heterogeneous, form. All in all, however, the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural structure policies; Agri-environmental policies; Interlocked federalism; Rural areas; Financial analysis; Federalism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98865

How Does Climate Policy Affect Technical Change? An Analysis of the Direction and Pace of Technical Progress in a Climate-Economy Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele; Nicita,   Lea.
This paper analyses whether and how a climate policy designed to stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is likely to change the direction and pace of technical progress. The analysis is performed using an upgraded version of WITCH, a dynamic integrated regional model of the world economy. In this version, a non-energy R&amp;D Sector, which enhances the productivity of the capital-labor aggregate, has been added to the energy R&amp;D sector included in the original WITCH model. We find that, as a consequence of climate policy, R&amp;D is re-directed towards energy knowledge. Nonetheless, total R&amp;D investments decrease, due to a more than proportional contraction of non-energy R&amp;D. Indeed, when non-energy and energy inputs are weakly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical Change; Climate Policy; Stabilization Cost; R&amp;D Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50357

The Economic Significance of Bioeconomic Feedback Loops: The Case of a Recreational Fishery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deisenroth,   Daniel B.; Craig,   Bond.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; Feedback; Optimal Control; Fishery; Dynamic; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61414

Koppelung agrarökonomischer und hydrologischer Modelle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomann,   Horst; Kreins,   Peter; Kunkel,   Ralf; Wendland,   Frank.
The objective of the paper is to show the potential of interdisciplinary model networks consisting of agricultural economic and natural science models performing integrated impact assessments of agri-environmental policies. The potentials are exemplified using a coupling of the agricultural sector model RAUMIS with the hydrological models GROWA98 and WEKU in the scope of diffuse agricultural nitrogen immission into waterbodies. A brief classification of applied indicators is given. A key element for policy impact analyses are the relationships between the environmental indicator categories Driving Force, State and Response. The major relationships within this environmental scope as well as the modeling are explained. The presented model network represents...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Model-based policy consulting; Interdisciplinary model networks; Agricultural sector model; Diffuse agricultural nitrogen immissions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98360

ANALISES DE VARIAVEIS PARA ESTRUTURAÇÀO DE UM MODELO ECONOMICO E AMBIENTAL: QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE NO SETOR AGROINDUSTRIAL BRASILEIRO.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Edwin Pinto De La Sota; Serrano,   Andre Luiz Marques; Silva,   Marcio Francisco Da; Fonseca,   Adelaida Pallavicini.
Este artigo tem por finalidade analisar os conceitos de manutenção e preservação do meio ambiente que promovem desenvolvimento sustentável, tendo em vista a proposta de um modelo econômico e ambiental. Assim, intervenções no padrão da gestão pública que implique no aumento do grau de eficácia na utilização dos recursos financeiros propiciarão uma transformação no paradigma de desenvolvimento que não mais poderá ser excludente e danoso para o meio ambiente. A compreensão do significado de desenvolvimento social e econômico envolve os mecanismos de distribuição das riquezas geradas e neste contexto, a viabilização do conceito de sustentabilidade implicará em mudanças no comportamento social (coletivo) e individual. A discussão quanto ao comportamento e uso...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade; Modelo econômico; Gerações futuras; Sustainability; Economic model; Future generations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113983

Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Numbers of free trade ageements and those with environmental provisons have grownn rapidly. Enviomental measures include those to protect and enhance the environment, environmental cooperation and citizen particpation activties.  Many appear to have made important contributions to environmental activities although often constrained by limited funds.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Free trade; Trade agreements; Environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123723

Global Warming, Endogenous Risk and Irreversibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Anthony C.; Narain,   Urvashi.
This paper develops two-period analytical and numerical models to study the question: given a stock of greenhouse gases that poses a risk of future damages of unknown magnitude, and the possibility of learning about damages, how do sunk abatement capital and a nondegradable stock of greenhouse gases affect optimal first-period investment?  We show that both affect investment, the former negatively and the latter positively.  Additionally, endogenous risk--the risk of damages dependent on the stock of gases-- results in an increase in optimal investment for any level of capital "sunkness" or greenhouse gas degradability.  Quantitatively, though, the effect of sunk capital is much stronger than the effect of greenhouse gas irreversibility or that of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25107

On Consumers' Attitudes and Willingness to Pay for Improved Drinking Water Quality and Infrastructure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanellari,   Eftila; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Mykerezi,   Elton.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/23/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Risk perceptions; Water infrastructure; Simultaneous equation model; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49535

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE GRAIN-LIVESTOCK SUBSECTORS IN CANADA, MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ervin,   David E.; Fox,   Glenn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16754

Economics, Ecology and GMOs: Sustainability, Precaution and Related Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Ecological, evolutionary and economic issues involved in introducing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), mainly in agriculture, are discussed. The ecological and evolutionary impacts identified hamper (economic) valuation of GMOs and their biosafety regulation and creates difficulties for planning for sustainable development. Assessment of the desirability of releasing GMOs is difficult because of lack of communal agreement about the risks involved, about how much precaution should be exercised given collective risks, and disagreement on the appropriate social criterion to apply. Changes in legal liability are not always economic and cannot eliminate the social conflict generated by GMOs. The economics of developing and marketing GMOs is explored,...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosafety; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Intellectual property rights; Market structure; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122726

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF RECYCLING LIVESTOCK WASTES--ALGAE PRODUCTION USING WASTE PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   John B.; Madewell,   Carl E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30515

Alternative Paths toward a Low Carbon World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Tavoni,   Massimo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Stabilization Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90948

The Future of Renewable Electricity in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buckman,   Greg; Diesendorf,   Mark.
If long-term greenhouse gas emissions in Australia are to be reduced, renewable energy is likely to be critical. This is particularly so if deep cuts are eventually implemented. Current government policies ( including emissions trading and electricity, the feed-in tariffs announced in 2008), are likely to have only modest impacts on renewable electricity generation in Australia at least until 2020. Australia’s renewable electricity base will remain narrow with little solar technologies’ contribution before 2020. This will not provide an adequate basis for delivering long-term deep cuts to Australia’s greenhouse emissions nor for achieving major greenhouse gas emission reductions at least cost.   The future of Australia’s renewable electricity rests mainly...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Renewable electricity; Energy; Greenhouse emissions; Emissions trading; Renewable portfolio standard; Feed-in tariff.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94879

Economic analysis of spatial preferences heterogeneity of water quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin-Ortega,   Julia; Brouwer,   Roy; Berbel,   Julio.
The main objective of this study is to account for spatial preference variability in the economic valuation of water quality improvements in the river basin context. This is expected to be particularly relevant for the implementation of the European WFD, as it will involve spatially differentiated perceptions of the benefits of water quality changes. A choice experiment is developed based on maps to elicit welfare measures for water quality improvements across sub-basins in the Guadalquivir River Basin in Spain. Variation is introduced simultaneously in the spatial distribution of goods and services and their beneficiaries, for the accounting of spatial preference heterogeneity (i.e. people’s different valuation of changes in environmental good provision...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water economics; Valuation; Choice Experiment; Spatial Heterogeneity; Water Quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; H41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50626

Investigating the Effects of Attribute Level Framing and Changing Cost Levels in Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Choice experiments (CE) are increasingly used to estimate the values of non-market goods and services. A cost attribute is typically included in a CE questionnaire to estimate monetary values for changes in the non-market attributes presented. Although the cost attribute is centrally important, there has been limited research into the impacts of varying cost attribute levels on respondents’ choices in CE surveys. The context in which non-market attributes are presented to respondents (the ‘attribute frame’) may also affect value estimates. The challenge for CE practitioners is to identify the ‘appropriate’ attribute frames and cost level range.   Results from a CE study in Tasmania show that respondents’ preferences are not impacted by describing an...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Mixed Logit models; Environmental valuation; Attribute framing; Cost bias; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94817

OFFSETTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: AGRICULTURE'S ROLE IN THE MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamilton,   Sam.
Speech and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33509

Economic Competition and Evolution: Are there Lessons from Ecology?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After discussing generally models in ecology and economics that combine competition, optimization and evolution, this article concentrates on models of intraspecific competition.  It demonstrates the importance of diversity/inequalities within populations of species and other environments for the sustainability of their populations, given the occurrence of environmental change.  This is demonstrated both for scramble (open-access) and contest competition.  Implications are drawn for human populations and for industrial organization.  The possibility is raised that within industry competition may not always exist between firms in all stages of the development of a new industry.  Policy implications are considered.  For example, it is argued that policies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition policy; Ecology; Economic efficiency; Evolution; Intraspecific competition; Market development; Environmental Economics and Policy; L100; J100; Q150.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90526

Multi-level Processes of Integration and Disintegration. Proceedings of the Third Green Week Scientific Conference.
Provedor de dados: 31
This volume of proceedings, available as both a hard copy and a pdf file, is an edited compilation of selected contributions to the MACE Conference 2009, held in Berlin, Germany, at the ICC from 14 to 15 January 2009. We would like to thank all those persons and organisations who contributed to the realisation of the MACE Conference 2009 as well as the volume you are holding. First of all, we thank all the lecturers, whose commitment made the conference possible. The conference would not have been successful without the active engagement of such a large number of colleagues from IAMO, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and ATSAF. Thanks to all of them. Furthermore, we appreciate the support provided by the European Union, particulary to the Marie Curie...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92312

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-8W, "PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.
Studies on the optimal use of pesticides, their disposal, and effects are presented. Papers include:   Financing the Disposal of Unwanted Agricultural Pesticides, Lewell F. Gunter and Terence Centner, University of Georgia. Determinants of Pesticide Registration for Food Crops, Claude Courbois, North Carolina State University and International Food Policy Research Institute. A New Measure of Integrated Pest Management - Weed IPM by Corn Producers, Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo and Sharon Jans, USDA/ERS. The Environmental Effects of Adopting IPM Techniques: The Case of Peach Producers,Jennifer Ferraioli and Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo, USDA/ERS.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21009

Economics of controlling a spreading environmental weed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.
Weeds can cause significant problems to natural ecosystems. Although there have been numerous studies on the economics of weed control, relatively few of these studies have focused on natural ecosystems. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive range of control strategies for blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans) in natural environments in Australia. We developed a stochastic dynamic simulation model and a deterministic dynamic optimisation model. The stochastic model calculates the expected net present value (NPV) of a range of control strategies, including any combination of treatment options. The optimisation model identifies the treatment combination that maximises NPV. Both models represent the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economics; Weed; Stochastic; Optimisation; Management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108416

The Relationship Between Economically and Environmentally Marginal Land
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deal,   John.
Concerns have frequently been raised regarding the impact of federally-subsidized crop insurance and agricultural subsidy payments on land allocation and crop mix choices. If the reduction in production risk encourages farmers to plant on economically marginal land, it has often been asserted that this will lead to increases in environmental damage, including increases in soil erosion rates. This paper investigates the “"conventional" wisdom” that economically marginal land is also environmentally fragile, as defined by higher levels of inherent soil erodibility. We address this issue by looking at the distribution of crop yields for 4 major crops across National Resource Inventory (NRI) erodibility classes and by performing regression analysis. Our...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21119

Agri-environmental schemes in the European Union: the role of ex ante costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peerlings,   Jack H.M.; Polman,   Nico B.P.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse land allocation between competing agri-environmental contracts taking into account institutional issues and farm household and farm characteristics. We consider a Biodiversity Protection Contract, Landscape Management Contract and a Restriction on Intensive Practises Contract. The paper shows that it is important to study the choice for an agrienvironmental contract in combination with the choice for other agri-environmental contracts. The reasons being that a unit of land can only be allocated to one contract (although a farm can select more than one contract) and perceived relative marginal costs of contracts can change if institutional settings and farm household and farm characteristics alter. The model uses a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental contracts; Transaction costs; Contract choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6698

NON-PARAMETRIC APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: TECHNICAL CHANGE AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE CANADIAN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY, 1959-1994
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Atakelty; Veeman,   Terrence S.
This study proposes non-parametric techniques for environmentally sensitive analysis of economic performance. The techniques are implemented using Canadian pulp and paper industry data covering the period from 1959 to 1994. The results indicate that productivity improvement has been more successful than conventional measures would suggest.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20813

IMPACTS OF WITHIN-FARM SOIL VARIABILITY ON NITROGEN POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vandyke,   Laura S.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
The effects of considering variable within-farm soil runoff and leaching potential on costs of reducing nitrogen losses are analyzed for a Virginia dairy.  Manure applications may cause nitrogen losses through runoff and leaching because of factors such as uncertain nitrogen mineralization.  Farmers can reduce nitrogen control costs by applying manure on soils with less nitrogen loss potential.  Ignoring within-farm soil variability may result in overstating the farm's costs of reducing nitrogen losses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic costs; Linear programming; Manure; Nitrogen; Nutrient management; Simulation; Soil variability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15139

Ecologia política agrária: a contribuição russo-alemã
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nascimento,   Humberto Miranda.
O pensamento pioneiro sobre a ecologia global e o metabolismo sociedade-natureza é uma fonte precípua para os estudos rurais contemporâneos que levam em conta o caráter da relação entre o agrário e o ecológico. O presente ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar os pioneiros da ecologia política agrária contemporânea com base no enfoque materialista da relação entre sociedade e natureza. Cabe à ecologia política agrária descrever a relação entre sistemas agrários, formações sociais e ecossistemas específicos em territórios rurais. O conceito tem um duplo papel, portanto, ecologizar o agrário e redefinir sua importância para o rural. The pioneering thought about the global ecology and the society-nature metabolism is an essential source for the contemporary rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecologia política agrária; Estudos dos solos; Metabolismo sociedade-natureza; Policy agrarian-ecology; Studying soil; Society-nature metabolism; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102768

Manual SEAMLESS-IF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wallman,   Patrik; Knapen,   Rob.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57934

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: IMPACTS ON NATURAL-RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Robert P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17139

Endangerment and Likeability of Wildlife Species: How Important are they for Proposed Payments for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath; Wilson,   Clevo.
Examines empirically the relative influence of the degree of endangerment of wildlife species and their stated likeability on individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) for their conservation. To do this, it utilises data obtained from the IUCN Red List and likeability and WTP data obtained from two serial surveys of a sample of the Australian public who were requested to assess 24 Australian wildlife species in each of three animal classes: mammals, birds and reptiles. Between the first and second survey, respondents were provided with extra information about the focal species. This information resulted in the clear dominance of endangerment as the major influence on the WTP of respondents for the conservation of the focal wildlife species. Our results throw...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation of wildlife species; Contingent valuation; Endangerment of species; Likeability of species; Willingness to pay.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51419

Impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability mapping
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eriyagama,   Nishadi; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Chandrapala,   Lalith; Fernando,   Karin.
There is ample evidence to suggest that Sri Lanka’s climate has already changed. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared the country is to face such changes. This report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. The study also developed a pilot level CC Vulnerability Index, which was subsequently mapped at district level. The maps indicate that typical farming districts such as Nuwara Eliya, Badulla, Moneragala, Ratnapura and Anuradhapura are the most vulnerable to CC due to their...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Rain; Water resource management; Crops; Mapping; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94787

State-Level Policies and Regulatory Guidance for Compliance in the Early Years of the SO2 Emission Allowance Trading Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 instituted a historic experiment in emission allowance trading for sulfur dioxide (SO2). A necessary requirement for evaluating this experiment is an understanding of how the cost recovery rules and other guidance given to firms by state-level public utility commissions (PUCs) and elected bodies has affected compliance behavior. From the onset of the CAAA, there has been varied response by state policy-makers toward SO2 compliance. This paper presents a compilation of these actions as they took shape in states that were affected by the SO2 program. Our primary interest is on the proposals that emerged during the embryonic years of the allowance program, from 1990 to 1993, when investment plans for utilities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Air Act Amendments; Sulfur dioxide; Allowance trading; Regulation; Electricity; Public utility commissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10828

CHANGES IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD LABOR ALLOCATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS COLLECTION: A CASE STUDY FROM RURAL NEPAL, 1982 AND 1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooke,   Priscilla A.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15922

Determinants of Romanian Farmers' Participation in Agri-Environmental Programmes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toma,   Luiza; Mathijs,   Erik.
The paper aims to identify the factors underlying farmers' propensity to participate in agri-environmental programmes in a Romanian rural region that confronts non-point source pollution. For this, we employ structural equation modelling with latent variables using data collected through an agri-environmental farm survey in 2001. The model includes one  'behavioural intention' latent variable ('propensity to participate in agri-environmental programmes') and five 'attitude' and 'socioeconomic' latent variables ('demo-social characteristics', 'economic characteristics', 'agri-environmental information access', 'environmental risk perception' and 'general environmental concern'). The results indicate 'environmental risk perception' as the strongest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programme; Structural equation modelling with latent variables; Environmental risk perception; Romania; Environmental Economics and Policy; C30; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24574

ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF LOCAL ACTION GROUPS AND AUCTIONS FOR DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES IN THE EU - RESULTS FROM AN EXPERT SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Mettepenningen,   Evy; Beckmann,   Volker.
In this article the authors focus on two important innovations for agri-environmental measures in the new council regulation: The implementation of local action groups and a call for tenders. The article describes how relevant actors assess the innovations. The results are based on 276 interviews, carried out in 2006 in nine EU Member States. Generally, actors assume that measures designed in local action groups are not necessarily more economically efficient than current measures, but they do have potential to result in a higher ecological effectiveness and in a greater acceptance. However, the opinion on auctions is comparatively critical.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Decentralisation; Local action groups; Auctions; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7584

Group Bargaining and Conflict
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Querou,   Nicolas.
We consider a situation where groups negotiate over the allocation of a surplus (which is used to fund group specific goods). Each group is composed of agents who have differing valuations for public goods. Members choose a representative to take decisions on their behalf. Specifically, representatives can decide to enter either a (cooperative) negotiation protocol or a conflict to appropriate the surplus. In the cooperative negotiations, disagreement corresponds to a pro rata allocation (as a function of the size of the groups). We analyse the conditions (on the internal composition of the groups) under which conflict will be preferred to negotiated agreements (and vice versa), and we derive welfare implications. Finally, we provide results of comparative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Conflict; Agency Problem; Environmental Economics and Policy; C78; D74; J52.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96841

Price Insurance, Moral Hazard and Agri-environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fraser,   Rob W.
Motivated by recent EC proposals to “strengthen risk management tools” in the CAP in relation to farmers’ increased exposure to market price risk, this paper draws attention to a potential negative consequence of such a change in the CAP – an associated increase in cheating behaviour by farmers in the context of environmental stewardship. A theoretical framework for this policy problem is developed and used not just to illustrate the problem, but also to propose a solution – specifically to combine the introduction of CAP-supported policy changes which reduce farmers’ exposure to market-based risk with changes in environmental stewardship policies which increase the riskiness of cheating and thereby discourage such behaviour.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124305

Best Management Practices: How Economical is it in Southern Agricultural Systems?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matekole,   Augustus N.; Westra,   John V.; Appelboom,   Timothy W.
Conventional drainage systems tend to aggravate runoff and nutrient leaching problems on farms especially during the off-season. This study uses a biophysical economic model to identify, evaluate and determine multifunctional benefits of implementing and establishing nitrogen rate fertilizer application and conservation tillage practices as best management practices (BMPs) in the lower Mississippi River Basin (MRB). Simulation results showed that agricultural producers generally preferred no tillage to conventional tillage in reducing nutrient runoffs from fields because of higher net revenue per acre. Finally, given nitrogen runoff restrictions, farmers reduced crop acreage and nitrogen fertilizer application rates to help minimize losses.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biopysical economic model; Tillage practices; Nitrogen fertilizer application rates; MRB; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46757

CURBSIDE RECYCLING: WASTE RESOURCE OR WASTE OF RESOURCES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aadland,   David; Caplan,   Arthur J.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/04.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19971

Wildlife Conservation in Zambia: Impacts on Rural Household Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez,   Ana; Richardson,   Robert B.; Tschirley,   David L.; Tembo,   Gelson.
FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH PROJECT,  LUSAKA, ZAMBIA
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Food security; Tourism; Conservation; Household income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q26; Q27; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55053

Die Expertenbewertung als Alternative zur Kontingenzbewertung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
A lot of research is carried out on the Contingent Valuation Method to assess environmental goods. However, the method is rarely applied to quantify reimbursements for agri-environmental policy. In this paper, this contradiction is explained by conceptual shortcomings of the Contingent Valuation. It is suggested to discuss the utility of agri-environmental programs among experts. For that, a three-step methodology including a possible monetary evaluation is developed. The method is applied on agri-environmental programs in Switzerland.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Experts; Agri-environmental policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98084

Public Participation in Environmental Planning in the Great Lakes Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beierle,   Thomas C.; Konisky,   David M.
The need for greater public involvement in environmental decision-making has been highlighted in recent high-profile research reports and emphasized by leaders at all levels of government. In some cases, agencies have opened the door to greater participation in their programs. However, there is relatively little information on what can be gained from greater public involvement and what makes some programs work while others fail. This paper addresses these questions through an evaluation of public participation in environmental planning efforts in the Great Lakes region. The success of participation is measured using five criteria: educating participants, improving the substantive quality of decisions, incorporating public values into decision-making,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public participation; Advisory committees; Evaluation; Great Lakes; Remedial Action Planning; Comparative risk; Conflict resolution; Trust; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10578

The Nexus Land-Use Model, an Approach Articulating Biophysical Potentials and Economic Dynamics to Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souty,   Francois; Brunelle,   Thierry; Dumas,   Patrice; Dorin,   Bruno; Ciais,   Philippe; Crassous,   Renaud.
Interactions between food demand, biomass energy and forest preservation are driving both food prices and land-use changes, regionally and globally. This study presents a new model called Nexus Land-Use which describes these interactions through a generic representation of agricultural intensification mechanisms. The Nexus Land-Use model equations combine biophysics and economics into a single coherent framework to calculate crop yields, food prices, and resulting pasture and cropland areas within 12 regions inter-connected with each other by international trade. The representation of cropland and livestock production systems in each region relies on three components: (i) a biomass production function derived from the crop yield response function to inputs...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Land-use Change; Modelling; Global Biomass Projections; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122859

Impact of High Crop Prices on Environmental Quality: A Case of Iowa and the Conservation Reserve Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Secchi,   Silvia; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Growing demand for corn due to the expansion of ethanol has increased concerns that environmentally sensitive lands retired from agricultural production into the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will be cropped again. Iowa produces more ethanol than any other state in the United States, and it also produces the most corn. Thus, an examination of the impacts of higher crop prices on CRP land in Iowa can give insight into what we might expect nationally in the years ahead if crop prices remain high. We construct CRP land supply curves for various corn prices and then estimate the environmental impacts of cropping CRP land through the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model. EPIC provides edge-of-field estimates of soil erosion, nutrient loss,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Conservation Reserve Program; Environmental quality; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9373

Okonomische Uberlegungen zum Begriff des Oko-Dumping
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranne,   Omar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18776

THE CONSUMPTION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND WATER RESOURCES’ QUALITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roljevic,   Svetlana; Nikolic,   Aleksandra; Tepavac,   Rajko.
Professional paper
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Water resources; Mineral fertilizers; Nitrates; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123965

INNOVATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY EDUCATION THROUGH COALITIONS: THE GROUNDWATER POLICY EDUCATION PROJECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdalla,   Charles W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17180

AN EXAMINATION OF THE STABILITY OF COOPERATION IN A VOLUNTARY COLLECTIVE ACTION: THE CASE OF NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION IN AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Algozin,   Kenneth A.; Nelson,   Carl H.
This paper addresses the collective action problem of nonpoint-source pollution control in a small agricultural watershed.  At issue is the stability of cooperative behavior among a group of farmers, who have voluntarily agreed to discontinue their use of the herbicide atrazine due to high concentrations of the herbicide in a local water  supply.   Continued cooperation among the group is threatened by the unexpected cancellation of cyanazine, an inexpensive and widely used alternative to atrazine.  With cyanazine no longer available, the farmers will face a significant increase in weed control costs if they continue to use products that do not contain atrazine.  Is cooperation among the farmers still possible despite the increased cost of cooperating?...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20478

Kansas Grain Supply Response to Economic and Biophysical Factors, 1977-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boussios,   David; Barkley,   Andrew P.
This research identifies and quantifies the impact of biophysical and economic variables on Kansas grain supply for the period 1977- 2007. This research estimates total supply response by aggregating yield and acreage responses. Previous methods have effectively analyzed the response of crop supply through either acreage or yield responses. However, the method proposed in this research incorporates both yield and acreage response to various production variables through recursive modeling. The results include the negative impact of acreage expansion on aggregate yields and thus the impact on total supply. The results also show that previous methods underestimate supply response elasticities by as much as 97%. Furthermore, this research estimates supply...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Yield; Acreage; Supply; Grain; Extensive Margin; Producer Expectations; Climate; Weather; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124385

Stabilisation Targets, Technical Change and the Macroeconomic Costs of Climate Change Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Galeotti,   Marzio.
The issue of greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization stands on three critical open questions. Namely, what are the impacts deriving from different levels of climate change and their distribution. What are the levels at which GHG concentration should be stabilized in order to avoid unacceptable impacts. And, finally, what are the costs and what are the instruments available to reach such stabilization targets. In the present paper, we address the latter question, in the specific attempt of shedding some light on the debated role of technological progress in lowering the costs of GHG stabilization. In particular, we use an optimal growth climate-economy model, where technical change is endogenously driven by learning by researching and learning by doing. In the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12050

Fairness, Credibility and Effectiveness in the Copenhagen Accord: An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cian,   Enrica; Favero,   Alice.
State-of-the-art literature on climate change policies has proposed numerous approaches for the Post-Kyoto agreement. However, in analysing the outcome of negotiations, the feeling is that a huge gap exists between policy makers and scientists. This paper tries to bridge this gap by providing a critical and comparative analysis of the Copenhagen Accord provisions, linking them to a part of the climate-economy literature. It assesses Copenhagen outcome in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and political credibility. Our conclusion suggests that the Copenhagen Accord succeeded in considering some of the climate policy principles, namely credibility, equity and fairness. First, the change in political leadership indicates a more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy Architecture; Integrated Assessment Model; Post-Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59478

Agriculture, Structural Change and Socially Responsible Development in China and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The gradualism of economic reforms in China and Vietnam (especially in China, which has led the way in this regard) has been commented on favourably by many analysts studying transitional economies. Early market reforms in China and Vietnam were constrained by political considerations and consequently, began in agriculture and in China’s case, in rural areas with the development of town-and-village enterprises as well. It is argued that at the time when the reforms began, they were socially responsible. However, they have created a legacy which has resulted in agricultural land disputes and many town-and-village enterprises now face new economic challenges resulting in social conflict as the structure of China’s economy alters and greater market...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Commercialisation of agriculture; Economic reform; Land rights; Town-and-village enterprises; Transitional economies; Vietnam.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; P21; P25; P31; P32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123022

Bang for the Buck: Cost-Effective Control of Invasive Species with Different Life Histories
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buhle,   Eric; Margolis,   Michael; Ruesink,   Jennifer L.
Strategies for controlling invasive species can be aimed at any or all of the stages in the life cycle. In this paper we show how to combine biological data on population dynamics with simple economic data on control cost options to determine the least costly set of strategies that will halt an invasion. We then apply our methods to oyster drills (Ocinebrellus inornatus), an economically important aquaculture pest that has been accidentally introduced worldwide. If the costs of intervention were the same across life stages, extermination of adults would be an inefficient way to control species with the population dynamics characteristics of invaders. In the oyster drill case, however, efficient control targets adults because they are much easier to find.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Bioeconomics; Control strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q2; Q22.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10793

POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT TO INCREASE RURAL EMPLOYMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pemberton,   Carlisle A.; Mgonja,   Mary A.
The paper examined whether increasing agricultural output would lead to an expansion of employment in rural areas in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The paper found that the agricultural development problems in the Caribbean and SSA are very similar, especially, declining export demand for products, adverse trade policies and the actions of nature, causing damage to  agricultural production.  The simulations performed showed that  in both regions, even a 4% annual increase in agricultural output has the potential for annually increasing agricultural employment by over 6%, even with an annual technical progress of 1.5% in the case of SSA and 2% in the case of the Caribbean.  Expanding rural employment through expansion of agricultural output is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Increasing rural employment; Rural Development; Agricultural Development in Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36972

CORPORATE INTERNALIZATION OF SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ransburg,   Beatrix.
Sustainability has become the boiling point of theoretical business discussions. At first it was only a concept everybody was talking about but no one knew how it should be materialized. Now we can understand how and why companies are inclined to follow the principle. This gives the policy makers and other stakeholders the tools to alter market conditions in ways that more and more companies accept the requirements of sustainability. Several levels of sustain-ability have been identified and now the discussion is shifting towards achieving a common ground how to measure sustainability. Since sustainability is such a broad concept and it is very dependant on the factors of the given industry the analyzed company is operating in, two major ways to measure...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Value internalization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58932

Attitudes to entry fees to national parks: results and policy implications from a Queensland case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Examines visitor attitudes and whether visitors are willing to pay to enter Lamington National Park and under what circumstances they would do so. First a sample of visitors is asked a general (normative) question as to whether visitors should pay to visit Lamington National Park and in another question (positive) they are asked whether they would be more willing to pay if the money collected would be invested in the park to improve visitor facilities and for conservation work.  The results show that visitors are more willing to accept the ‘user-pays’ principle if the money will be used for the benefit of the national park and its visitors. It was found that foreigners are more in support for a ‘user-pay’ fee than Australians, and among Australians, those...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Entry fees; National parks; Overseas and Australian visitors; Attitudes to ‘user-pays’ principle; Lamington National Park; Policy implications; Conservation benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48960

Waste Generation, Incineration and Landfill Diversion. De-coupling Trends, Socio-Economic Drivers and Policy Effectiveness in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
Waste generation and waste disposal are issues that are becoming increasingly prominent in the environmental arena both from a policy perspective and in the context of delinking analysis. Waste generation is still increasing proportionally with income, and economic and environmental costs associated to landfilling are also increasing. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of waste generation, incineration, recycling and landfill dynamics based on panel data for the EU25, to assess the effects of different drivers (economic, structural, policy) and the eventual differences between western and eastern EU countries. We show that for waste generation there is still no Waste Kuznets Curve (WKC) trend, although elasticity to income drivers appear lower...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste Kuznets Curves; Delinking; Waste Generation; Waste Disposal; Landfilling; Landfill Policies; Evaluation Methodology; Incineration; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46651

Inter-Temporal Investment in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Weiwei; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Currently, different dimensions of mitigation strategies have been investigated in policy analysis. However, ambitious mitigation action aiming at reducing future climate change will not prevent much climate change before mid-century. Short-term and medium-term temperature as well as associated damages cannot be avoided completely.  Increasingly there appears to be recognition of the need to simultaneously implement adaptation and mitigation. However, the optimal combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change over time is still an open question. Literature base is rather small, yet very diverse and inconsistent in conclusions. In this paper, we do an exploration of the temporal optimal investment mix between adaptation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Damages; Adaptation; Mitigation; Temporal Investment; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103408

Environmental Regulations and the Structure of U.S. Hog Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nene,   Gibson; Azzam,   Azzeddine M.; Schoengold,   Karina.
The U.S hog production industry has been continually subjected to rapid structural changes since the early 1990s. The industry's move towards more concentrated large hog farms and geographical concentration of such farms, have triggered public concerns over the dangers such big animal feeding operations are likely to pose to the waters of the country. This study investigates the implications of state-level environmental regulations on the structure of hog farms. The results of this study suggest that environmental regulations will result in one of three possible scenarios: (1) a more competitive industry in which small hog operations are not adversely affected which will allow more small operations to enter rather than exit the industry; (2) a more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Perfect competition; U.S. hog production industry; Environmental regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49395

Assessing the performance of auctions for the allocation of conservation contracts: Theoretical and computational approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Atakelty; Schilizzi,   Steven; Thoyer,   Sophie.
There is a growing interest in using auctions for purchasing public goods from private agents. Auctions are being trialed in Australia and elsewhere to allocate conservation contracts. The expectation is that competitive bidding will reduce information rents and increase cost-effectiveness. This paper examines how auctions would perform under different assumptions regarding the rationality of bidders. A theoretical model requires bidders to be rational and use Nash equilibrium strategies, while an agent-based model assumes boundedly rational bidders learning from experience. The study illustrates the synergies between economic theory and agent-based modelling. Our findings provide a cautionary message regarding the performance of conservation auctions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19478

Scientific Uncertainty and Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Vercammen,   James.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21267

The Potential For UK Portfolio Investors To Finance Sustainable Tropical Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gullison,   R.; Westbrook,   T.; Nissan,   S.; Grieg-Gran,   Maryanne; Hocking,   D.; Cannon,   J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24132

Costs, Emissions Reductions, and Vehicle Repair: Evidence from Arizona
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; McConnell,   Virginia D.; Harrington,   Winston.
The Arizona I/M program provides one of the first opportunities to examine the costs and effectiveness of vehicle emission repair. This paper examines various aspects of emission reductions, fuel economy improvements, and costs of repair, drawing data from over 80,000 vehicles failing the I/M test in Arizona between 1995 and the first half of 1996. We summarize the wealth of repair data from the Arizona program and highlight its limitations. Because missing or incomplete cost information has been a serious shortcoming for evaluation of I/M programs, we develop a method for estimating the costs of repair when those costs are not reported. We find surprising evidence that almost one quarter of all vehicles that take the I/M test are never observed to pass...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: I/M; Repair; Emissions; Mobile sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; R48.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10915

Rethinking tank rehabilitation: issues in restoring old tanks to their original state in irrigation structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute,   IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.
Approaching the rehabilitation of the 50-100 year-old irrigation tanks—spread across Rajasthan, South Bihar, Madya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and other South Asian locations such as Sri Lanka—solely from an irrigation perspective, runs the risk of depriving communities of valuable socio-ecological services and functions that these structures provide today. These tanks may have become ‘inefficient’ in their original function of providing flow irrigation, but as they have degraded over time, they have evolved into valuable systems that support people’s livelihoods in a number of ways. In addition to storing water for crop irrigation, tanks provide services such as recharge of groundwater used by adjacent communities, fertile silted soil...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tank irrigation; Rehabilitation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113156

What are the Effects of Contamination Risks on Commercial and Industrial Properties? Evidence from Baltimore, Maryland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Longo,   Alberto; Alberini,   Anna.
Using the hedonic pricing approach, we investigate how the information released on public registries of contaminated and potentially contaminated sites affects nearby commercial and industrial properties in Baltimore, Maryland. We find that commercial and industrial properties are virtually unaffected by proximity to a site with a history of contamination. Knowing that the site is no longer considered contaminated does not have a rebound effect on property prices either. We also find that urban economic development policies, such as Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Zones, have little effect on property values. In sum, brownfield properties in Baltimore are not particularly attractive investments for developers, and there is little potential for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12218

Economic Analysis in Environmental Reviews of Trade Agreements: Assessing the North American Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ney,   Luke; Ackerman,   Frank; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Beginning in the late 1990s, Canada and the United States began requiring "Environmental Reviews (ERs)" of all trade agreements to be negotiated by each government. This paper, commissioned by the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, outlines how ERs have evolved in North America, and evaluates the different methodological approaches that have been employed in ERs thus far. We show that the ERs conducted to date have an encouraging number of strengths that can be built upon. However, we also establish that the art of conducting ERs is still in its infancy. We identify four limitations with the methodological approaches that have been employed in the most recent ERs. Based on an analysis of these limitations, we propose four ways to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15569

The Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from Agricultural Profits and Random Fluctuations in Weather
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deschenes,   Olivier; Greenstone,   Michael.
This paper measures the economic impact of climate change on US agricultural land by estimating the effect of the presumably random year-to-year variation in temperature and precipitation on agricultural profits. Using long-run climate change predictions from the Hadley 2 Model, the preferred estimates indicate that climate change will lead to a $1.1 billion (2002$) or 3.4% increase in annual profits. The 95% confidence interval ranges from -$1.8 billion to $4.0 billion and the impact is robust to a wide variety of specification checks, so large negative or positive effects are unlikely. There is considerable heterogeneity in the effect across the country with California’'s predicted impact equal to -$2.4 billion (or nearly 50% of state agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12065

Economic analysis of water supply cost structure in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsegai,   Daniel W.; Linz,   Teresa; Kloos,   Julia.
Using data gathered from the National Treasury of South Africa, we examine the structure of water supply costs and tariffs of Water Service Authorities (WSAs) in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Using the translog cost function method, the marginal cost of water supply and economies of scale are estimated. Comparison of tariffs and marginal costs show that the estimated marginal cost is higher than the actual tariff paid by consumers. This implies that WSAs in the Middle Olifants are not charging enough to recover the costs of the water services. Thus, among other things, pricing of water at its marginal cost would partly assist in solving the cost recovery problem. Raised tariffs would in turn contribute to improved efficiency of water use....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Translog cost function; Water supply; Water Service Authority; Middle Olifants; South Africa; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49926

Environmental Taxes: Dead or Alive?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgenstern,   Richard D.
Both theory and recent trends suggest some optimism for the future of environment-related taxes. While new research emphasizes the potentially significant distortions created by environmental taxes and appears to undermine the so-called "double dividend" theory, it also suggests that virtually any environmental policy, including regulations, taxes, and tradable permits, can compound existing distortions in the tax system. Currently, direct environmental taxes, such as per-unit charges on emissions, are only in limited use; however, indirect environmental levies, including taxes on fuels, vehicles, beverage containers, and fertilizers, are growing in importance across the OECD nations. Over the period 1990-1993, environmental taxes as a share of total...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental taxes; Double dividend; Distortions; Tax shifts; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; H21; H23.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10595

Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastianin,   Andrea; Favero,   Alice; Massetti,   Emanuele.
In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&amp;D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Carbon Finance; Emission Trading; Energy Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q43; Q54; O32; O11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59418

The major characteristics of environmental policies and agro-ecological technologies to be studied in Test case 2
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belhouchette,   Hatem; Wery,   Jacques; Therond,   Olivier; Duru,   Michel; Bigot,   Genevieve; Was,   Adam; Kloczko-Gajewska,   Anna; Leenhardt,   Delphine; Majewski,   Edward; Josien,   Etienne; Bergez,   Jacques-Eric; Henning,   Joanne; Thenard,   Vincent.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57464

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASED COAL USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plotkin,   Steven E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17251

Rio, Kyoto, Marrakesh - groundrules for the global climate policy regime
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel.
After four years of intense negotiations that tethered on the brink of failure, the design of the international climate policy regime that is formed by the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and the Marrakesh Accords is now sufficiently clear to be implemented. Apart from the U.S. and Australia, all industrialised countries have now stated that they will ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Industrial countries are subject to binding greenhouse gas emissions targets for the commitment period 2008-2012. Several countries profit from exceptions that weaken the targets. The availability of forestry and agricultural sinks will further lower the necessity for emission reductions. A world market for emission rights will form as the Kyoto...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26280

Investigating the performance of market-based instruments for resource conservation: the contribution of agent-based modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Atakelty; Schilizzi,   Steven.
Auctions are increasingly being considered as a mechanism for allocating conservation contracts to private landowners. This interest is based on the widely held belief that competitive bidding helps minimize information rents. This study constructs an agent-based model to evaluate the long term performance of conservation auctions under settings where bidders are allowed to learn from previous outcomes. The results clearly indicate that the efficiency benefits of one-shot auctions are quickly eroded under dynamic settings. Furthermore, the auction mechanism is found to be inferior to fixed payment schemes except when the latter involve the use of high reserve prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57883

Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
Interfuel substitutability has been of longstanding interest to energy economists and policy makers. However, there has been no quantitative meta-analysis of this literature.   This research report fills this gap by analysing a broad sample of studies of interfuel substitution in the industrial sector, manufacturing industry or sub-industries, and macro-economy of a variety of developed and developing economies. The primary study sample size has been included in the meta-regression to control for publication bias.   At the industrial level, results for the shadow elasticities of substitution between coal, oil, gas, and electricity for forty-six primary studies show that, except for gas-electricity and coal-electricity, there are easy substitution...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; Energy; Substitution; Elasticity; Interfuel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D24; Q40.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94882

AGRICULTURAL PRICE, QUANTITY, AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Shortle,   James S.
The failure to allow for significant crop quality effects in a partial-equilibrium model can lead to misleading inferences about the price, output and welfare implications of air quality improvements.  It has been observed that air pollutants such as ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide affect the yield and quality of many crops.  The economic benefit from improving air quality in crop producing regions has been measured using a partial-equilibrium approach which accounts only for supply shifting yield effects.  It is shown that a yield-effect only model will underestimate output increases and benefits from an air quality improvement when commodity quality improvements as well as yield increases are forthcoming.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28877

Incentive Payment Programs for Environmental Protection: A Framework for Eliciting and Estimating Landowners' Willingness to Participate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Layton,   David F.; Siikamaki,   Juha.
This paper considers the role of incentive payment programs in eliciting, estimating, and predicting landowners' conservation enrollments. Using both program participation and the amount of land enrolled, we develop two econometric approaches for predicting enrollments. The first is a multivariate censored regression model that handles zero enrollments and heterogeneity in the opportunity cost of enrollments by combining an inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of enrollments with alternative-specific correlation and random parameters. The second is a beta-binomial model, which recognizes that in practice elicited enrollments are essentially integer valued. We apply these approaches to Finland, where the protection of private nonindustrial forests is an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Protection; Endangered; Voluntary; Incentive; Tobit; Beta-binomial; Stated preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10775

PESTICIDE USE AND HUMAN HEALTH IN NORTHWESTERN JAMAICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ncube,   Ngqabutho; Bessler,   Patricia; Jolly,   Pauline E.; Tint,   Kyaw; Fogo,   Christopher; Binns,   Alvin; Jolly,   Curtis M.
A number of studies have detected high levels of pesticide residues in surface water and aquatic life in Jamaica and acute pesticide poisoning is believed to be widespread there. Despite efforts by the Jamaican government to create awareness of the dangers of pesticides and adopt safe a pesticide disposal method, many farmers still display poor pesticide handling and disposal practices. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe pesticide use by farmers in northwestern Jamaica including inappropriate methods in pesticides handling and disposal, and 2) determine whether farmers’ perception of the mode of bodily entry of pesticides affects their method of disposal. Farmers in Westmoreland, St. James and Hanover were surveyed using an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide poisoning; Jamaica; Human health; Farmers; CAES; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36968

AN ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases have the potential to substantially warm climates worldwide.  While the timing and magnitude of global warming is uncertain, scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that average global temperature may increase by 1.5- 4.5³C (2.7-8.1³F) over the next 100 years. Changes in precipitation will likely accompany any changes in temperature.  However, the magnitude, and even direction of these changes is difficult to predict with much confidence on a regional basis.      The agricultural sector may be profoundly affected by future changes in temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Over the past decade, there has been a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14100

Economics, Ecology and the Development and Use of GMOs: General Considerations and Biosafety Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article outlines both ecological and socioeconomic issues involved in the development and use of GMOs. It’s argued that while initially new GMOs add to the global stock of biodiversity, in the long-term they result in a decline in biodiversity. Various mechanisms that bring about this decline in genetic diversity are identified. It is suggested that due to evolutionary forces, the desirable genetic properties of some GMO may be eroded in the long-term. They are unlikely to be sustained in their ecological effectiveness forever. The economics of developing and marketing of GMOs is given particular attention. When their development is left to private enterprise, it is found that the economics of developing and marketing GMOs favours large enterprises as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified organisms; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55319

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE, AND WATER QUALITY IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abler,   David G.; Shortle,   James S.; Carmichael,   Jeffrey J.; Horan,   Richard D.
Owing to the fundamental importance of food to human welfare and of climate to crop and livestock production, agriculture has been a focus of research on the impacts of climate change and variability.  This research has been largely concerned with implications for the supply and cost of food and for producer incomes.  Societal interest in agriculture is, however, much broader than these issues.  Agriculture is a source of several positive and negative environmental externalities.  Several studies have been directed at the effects of climate change on the negative environmental externalities from agricultural production, including runoff, leaching, and erosion.  These studies excel at modeling the biological and physical relationships and processes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20504

COLLECTIVE ACTION IN PEST MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ravnborg,   Helle Munk.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16546

Use and non-use values of wild Asian elephants: A total economic valuation approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The contingent valuation method is often used for valuing environmental goods possessing use as well as non-use values. This paper investigates the relative importance of these values in relation to the existence of the wild Asian elephant.  It does so by analysing results from a contingent valuation survey of a sample of urban residents living in three selected housing schemes in Colombo. We find that the major proportion of the respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation of wild elephants is attributable to the non-use values of the elephant. However, differences in the relative importance of these values exist between those who visit national parks and those who do not.  Differences in respondents’ WTP for conservation of elephants are found...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Endangered species; Total economic value; Non-consumptive use value; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48961

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULATION (EEC) 2078/92; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ragazzoni,   Alessandro; Canavari,   Maurizio.
This paper is concerned with analyzing the CAP policies involving environmental issues and simulating probable results at a farm level of the adoption of agri-environmental measures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14399

On the use of targeting to reduce moral hazard in agri-environmental schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fraser,   Rob W.
This paper investigates the role of targeting in the context of agri-environmental schemes involving monitoring and penalties and well suited to a geographically-based distinction between participants. By separating participants into a target and a non-target group the aim of targeting is to reduce the moral hazard problem. The paper analyses three approaches to targeting and the focus is on reducing the extent of cheating by participants in the non-target group. By complementing the adoption of targeting with appropriate adjustments to the monitoring/penalty parameters it is shown how such an approach can exploit the risk aversion of participants to completely eliminate cheating by those participants in the non-target group.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57867

Global trends in risk management support of agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spicka,   Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to make an international comparison of risk management policies in OECD countries as well as in selected emerging economies. The results are based on the data from OECD Producer Support Estimates Database and General Services Support Estimates Database, a study of agricultural insurance schemes carried out by the European Commission and an overview of risk-related policy measures formulated by the OECD. The results indicate that all OECD countries have the price stabilizing support for at least some commodities. Although the share of market price support in the producer support estimates has been decreasing for a long time, it still remains an important component in most countries around the world. The analysis also revealed the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Risk management; Market price support; Income stabilization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99224

The Implications of Heterogeneous Preferences for Environmental Zoning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   David J.; Provencher,   Bill.
This paper examines the effects of environmental zoning policies on lakefront land development, sorting, and economic welfare in a model where agents are heterogeneous in preferences and income. Agents consume lakefront amenities that are endogenous to development and the sorting process yields lakes which differ by amenities and frontage prices. Our findings include the following: i) lakes become more homogeneous with a collapsing price premium as incomes grow, ii) zoning can preserve the sorting process and be welfare improving, and iii) land prices may not capture all welfare effects from zoning.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10283

Using involvement to understand responses to biosecurity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bewsell,   Denise; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
The effectiveness of biosecurity measures at national borders is influenced by the behaviour and levels of involvement of travellers. Involvement is the importance or relevance of an object or situation to an individual. Involvement helps regulate the way in which people receive and process information and thus influences the extent of information searching for decision making, and information processing and persuasion. In this study, we drew on the concept of involvement to investigate the response of individuals to New Zealand biosecurity requirements. A range of people associated with the agricultural and food processing sectors were surveyed using a five item scale of involvement to measure their level of involvement in biosecurity. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Behaviour; Involvement; Biosecurity; Travellers; Information processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97134

Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mochizuki,   Junko; Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid Rain; Climate Change; Energy; Environmental Security; Transboundary Air Pollution; Water Resource Management; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q34; Q48; Q42; Q53; Q54; Q56; Q58; O13; P28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102508

Agriculture and the conservation of wildlife biodiversity – comparative analysis of policies in the USA and the EU (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nitsch,   Heike; Manale,   Andrew; Osterburg,   Bernhard.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wildlife; Biodiversity; Agriculture; Cross compliance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51929

Comparacion de la ordenacion contingente y del experimento de eleccion en la valoracion de las funciones no privadas de los bosques
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amoros,   Joan Mogas; Riera,   Pere.
RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta una comparación entre dos métodos de valoración de preferencias declaradas: la ordenación contingente y el experimento de elección. Se incluye una aplicación empírica en la que se valoran los impactos que una determinada forestación de terrenos agrícolas en Cataluña tendría sobre la función recreativa, de absorción de CO2 y de protección frente a la erosión de los bosques. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre los valores obtenidos a partir de los dos métodos, siendo los del método de elección significativamente mayores. Además, esta divergencia se mantiene cuando se comparan observaciones pairwise obtenidas directamente a través del método de elección con las simulaciones pairwise procedentes de la ordenación...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental valuation; Contingent ranking; Choice experiment; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; C90.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28741

The Road Less Traveled: Revealed Preference and Using the Travel Cost Model to Value Environmental Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaw,   W. Douglass.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93502

Introduction to the Political Economy of Environmental Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
This paper introduces a volume of collected papers on the political economy of environmental regulation: economic analyses of the processes through which political decisions regarding environmental regulation are made, principally in the institutional context found in the United States. Despite this geographic focus, many of the papers contain analytical models that are methodologically of interest and/or have lessons that are relevant in other parts of the world. In the environmental realm, questions of political economy emerge along three fundamental dimensions, which are closely interrelated but conceptually distinct: (1) the degree of government activity; (2) the form of government activity; and (3) the level of government that has responsibility. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10876

A Report on the Management of Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory: Results of a Survey of Pastoralists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The management of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory is an important component of the State’s wildlife management policy. It encompasses saltwater crocodile control (the removal of problem crocodiles dangerous to humans and livestock), and the regulation of harvesting, farming and ranching of saltwater crocodiles for the production of commercial products. The distribution of saltwater crocodiles and their habitats often extend onto private and communal lands along the coastal belt of the Northern Territory,  and therefore are a concern of landholders both Aboriginal and pastoral. This report presents the findings of a study of managers of Northern Territory cattle properties (pastoralists). Their attitudes are surveyed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Saltwater Crocodiles; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55089

Trade Liberalization and Pollution Intensive Industry in Developing Countries: A Partial Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallagher,   Kevin P.; Ackerman,   Frank.
Economic theory suggests that liberalization of trade between countries with differing levels of environmental protection could lead pollution-intensive industry to concentrate in the nations where regulations are lax. This effect, often referred to as the "pollution haven" hypothesis, is much discussed in theory, but finds only ambiguous support in empirical research to date. Methodologies used for research on trade and environment differ widely; many are difficult to apply to practical policy questions. We develop a simple, partial equilibrium model explicitly designed to analyze the effects of a change in trade policy. Our model analyzes the relative concentrations of "clean" and "dirty" industries in two nations or regions, before and after the policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15592

Biological Control of Giant Reed (Arundo donax): Economic Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seawright,   Emily K.; Rister,   M. Edward; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Sturdivant,   Allen W.; Goolsby,   John A.; McCorkle,   Dean A.
Arundo donax is a large, invasive weed consuming large quantities of water in the riparian area of the Texas Rio Grande Basin.  With water availability a concern to the area, the USDA-ARS is investigating biological control agents to increase available water, creating a benefit to both the region’s economy and society in general.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Arundo donax; Giant Reed; Water; Economics; Invasive; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46740

Developing Ecotourism for the Survival of Sea Turtles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Discusses generally why humans should bother to conserve sea turtles. In doing so, it considers both economic and non-economic reasons and outlines threats to the existence of sea turtles and ways in which tourism may either contribute to the conservation or decline of their populations. Turtle-based ecotourism at Mon Repos in southern Queensland is described. As a result of a survey conducted by the authors, it is shown that turtle-based ecotourism at Mon Repos has positive social (indirect) consequences for the conservation of sea turtles. Furthermore, it is argued that ecotourism operations at Mon Repos have positive direct impacts on the sustainability of populations of sea turtles. However, using a simple model, it is demonstrated that this impact is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Economics; Ecotourism; Sea Turtles; Sustainable Tourism; Wildlife Conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48008

Agricultural Water Security and Instream Flows for Endangered Salmonids in Coastal California's Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mezzatesta,   Mariano; Newburn,   David A.; Brozovic,   Nicholas.
Many rural landowners within the Western United States do not have access to a secure water supply provided by a major dam or an irrigation district. Such water users must rely instead on groundwater pumping and/or seasonal water flows from tributaries. Some of these agricultural producers choose to store winter stream flows from tributaries within onsite reservoirs to secure their spring/summer water needs. However, regulatory agencies have increased restrictions on surface water storage and diversions to improve instream flows for endangered salmon, thus reducing water security for many landowners not located along the main stem.  The majority of salmon habitat is within the tributaries located throughout a watershed. Most research regarding instream...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Instream flow; Salmon; Endangered species; Water; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61485

Environmental Implications of the Tourism Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davies,   Terry; Cahill,   Sarah.
This report analyzes the environmental impacts of the tourism industry, which is the third largest retail industry in the United States, behind only automotive dealers and food stores. In 1998, travel and tourism contributed $91 billion to the U.S. economy, supporting 16.2 million jobs directly and indirectly. While extensive research has documented the significant economic impact of such service industries as tourism, little has been written about their effect on environmental quality. This study uses a framework developed from the industrial ecology literature to assess the impacts of the tourism industry on the environment. Three categories of impact are discussed: direct impacts, including impacts from the travel to a destination, the tourist...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Environmental impact; Upstream and downstream leverage; Service sector; Sector environmental profile; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10824

The Impacts of Wildlife Conservation Policies on Rural Household Welfare in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez,   Ana; Richardson,   Robert B.; Tschirley,   David L.; Tembo,   Gelson.
KEY POLICY POINTS • Tourism is increasingly important in Zambia as a vehicle for economic growth, and has been identified as a key sector for poverty reduction due to its potential to generate off-farm income and employment in rural areas. Growth in arrivals and receipts in Zambia has outpaced average growth rates for developing countries. • Tourism in Zambia relies mostly on the stock of natural resources, including the protected area system which includes national parks and game management areas (GMAs). Co-management agreements between Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and rural communities present opportunities and threats for households living in GMAs. • Households living in GMAs have lower average income than households in other rural areas. Yet we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wildlife conservation; Rural households; Zambia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53453

Developing a Questionnaire for Valuing Changes in Natural Resource Management in the George Catchment, Tasmania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
review, expert interviews, biophysical modelling and focus group discussions were used to design a Choice Modelling (CM) questionnaire. This questionnaire was used to value changes in natural resource management in the George catchment, Tasmania. This report describes the questionnaire development, the selection of George catchment attributes and the assessment of attribute levels. The (experimental) design and delivery of the questionnaire are also presented.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Valuation; Survey development; Tasmania; Catchment management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94807

Adoption and Continued Use of Contour Cultivation in the Highlands of Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Hongmei; Huang,   Qiuqiong.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123952

Fenntarthatósági vizsgálatok a vidékfejlesztésben
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csete,   Maria.
A fenntarthatóság jelentősége és aktualitása nem szorul különösebb bizonyításra, mert tapasztalható, hogy a természeti rendszerek körforgásának, vagy az anyagi javak újratermelésének zavarai már az emberi létezést veszélyeztetik. A vizsgálat tárgyául a Tisza-tó térsége, illetve a Tisza-tó Térségi Fejlesztési Tanácsba tömörült 73 település szolgált. Hazánkban a fenntarthatósági vizsgálatok szerepe a vidékfejlesztésben kiemelt jelentőségű. A vidéki térségek fejlettségi szintjei és lehetőségei erőteljesen befolyásolhatják a fenntarthatóság gyakorlati megvalósításának esélyeit, amint azt korábbi vizsgálataink is alátámasztották. A vizsgált területen a támogatásokban meghirdetett fejlesztési elgondolások kérdőíves vizsgálatának eredményei alapján...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Vidékfejlesztés; Kistérség; Empirikus felmérés; Sustainability; Rural development; Micro-region; Empirical survey; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92529

Bringing Biophysical Models into the Economic Laboratory: An Experimental Analysis of Sediment Trading in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   John G.
Experimental economics has emerged and matured as a formal method for questioning and stress testing economic theory and assumptions concerning individual behavior. More recently, experimental methods have been used successfully in an economic laboratory to test alternative environmental policy options. The data underpinning these experiments is often stylized or hypothetical in nature. Ecologists and experimental economics have much to gain by exploring ways to underpin economic experiments with data generated from biophysical models in terms of external validity and salient features of the issue at hand. The study makes a contribution by demonstrating how underpinning experiments with regionally modeled biophysical data may give insights which would not...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sediment trading; EMSS; Natural resource markets; Experimentation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25631

Alternative Policies with Complementary Benefits: Targeting Greenhouse Emissions or Water Recharge on Farming Systems?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flugge,   Felicity; Schilizzi,   Steven.
Policies introduced to address one environmental objective can often have the side-benefit of also addressing other environmental objectives. This analysis uses a whole farm bioeconomic model to explore the farm level implications, economic and environmental, of a policy initially designed to reduce greenhouse emissions. We model a regulatory policy which imposes an upper limit on farm greenhouse emissions but allows trees to be used as carbon sinks to offset emissions. The implementation of this policy causes a reduction in whole farm profit, but in addition to decreasing emissions it also decreases groundwater recharge from the farming system and therefore contributes to the prevention of dryland salinity. The analysis compares this approach with using a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24392

Valuing a Spatially Variable Environmental Resource: Reducing Non-Point Source Pollution in Green Bay, WI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; Provencher,   Bill; Bishop,   Richard C.
This article investigates the value of reducing non-point source pollution in Green Bay, WI. Using stated preference methods, we find the lower bound on the benefits of reducing runoff enough to universally increase water clarity by four feet is greater than $9 million annually. Using a unique survey design, we show that because current water clarity in Green Bay is spatially variable, the value that a household places on this universal improvement depends on the distance of the household’s residence from the Bay and on the particular geospatial location of the residence. This has important implications for estimating aggregate benefits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92235

THE ECONOMICS OF CO-PERMITTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
State and federal regulators have been considering making livestock integrators jointly responsible with growers for waste disposal.  We show that joint responsibility will generally be efficient when contracts are structured to address problems of grower moral hazard.  But joint responsibility for waste disposal will also redistribute income from growers to integrators.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19976

RESOURCE USE AND FARM PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jehangir,   Waqar Ahmed; Ashfaq,   Muhammad; Christen,   Evan.
The paper describes a study of canal and supplemental ground water used by 544 farmers for wheat crop in the Rechna Doab catchment of Pakistan. The main objective was to assess the on-farm financial gains through conjunctive water use. For econometric analysis, a linear relationship between the wheat production and different determinant variables was assumed. The results highlighted the problem of increased use of tubewells water in the saline zones that had resulted in the deterioration of the groundwater quality and led to the problem of permanent upconing of saline groundwater. Conjunctive water management increased the farm income by about Rs. 1000 and 5000 per hectare compared to only using the canal and tubewell water, respectively The results of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57899

VOLUNTARY POLLUTION ABATEMENT: TESTING ALTERNATIVE THEORIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Innes,   Robert; Sam,   Abdoul G.
We broaden the existing empirical literature on environmental regulation and voluntary pollution abatement programs by testing the effects of implicit boycott threats and a firm's participation in a partnership program on its subsequent  regulatory oversight using EPA's 33/50 program as a research experiment. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a preemptive self-selection to deter consumer boycotts. The findings also indicate that (1) predetermined corrective actions constitute a significant determinant of voluntary participation and (2) EPA reciprocated to voluntary participation by easing regulatory oversight on participants.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21945

Public Attitudes to the Use of Wildlife by Aboriginal Australians: Marketing of Wildlife and its Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Attitudes of a sample of the Australian public towards the subsistence use of wildlife by indigenous Australians and whether or not indigenous Australians should be allowed to sell wildlife and wildlife products is examined. It has been suggested that allowing such possibilities would provide economic incentives for nature conservation among local people. We explore whether those sampled believe that indigenous Australians should do more than other groups and institutions to conserve Australia’s tropical species, and whether or not indigenous Australians should be allowed to take common as well as endangered wildlife species for food. Attitudes of the sampled public towards indigenous Australians earning income from trophy hunting and from the harvesting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Australian Aborigines; Indigenous rights; Public attitudes to conservation; Subsistence rights; Sustainable use; Resource management; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55069

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CLEANING UP CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Utami,   Lisna.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11264

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURE: A SPECIAL CHALLENGE IN POLICY EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Libby,   Lawrence W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17127

Modeling agricultural production risk and the adaptation to climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finger,   Robert; Schmid,   Stephanie.
A model that integrates biophysical simulations in an economic model is used to analyze the impact of climate change on crop production. The biophysical model simulates future plant-management-climate relationships and the economic model simulates farmers' adaptation actions to climate change using a nonlinear programming approach. Beyond the development of average yields, special attention is devoted to the impact of climate change on crop yield variability. This study analyzes corn and winter wheat production on the Swiss Plateau with respect to climate change scenarios that cover the period of 2030-2050. In our model, adaptation options such as changes in seeding dates, changes in production intensity and the adoption of irrigation farming are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Robust estimation; Yield variation; Corn; Winter wheat; Market liberalization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9270

ECONOMICS, HYSTERESIS AND AGROTERRORISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turvey,   Calum G.; Mafoua,   Edouard; Schilling,   Brian J.; Onyango,   Benjamin M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18186

Efficiency and Political Economy of Pollution Control with Ancillary Benefits: An Application to NOx Control in the Chesapeake Bay Airshed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; McConnell,   Virginia D.
This paper examines implications for cost-effective allocation of pollution controls when preferences of coalitions organized along regional lines, or according to preferences for air vs. water quality improvements, are accounted for. Results are compared to a base case in which NOx emissions reductions must satisfy only a water quality standard, and total costs are minimized over emissions sources. Relative to base-case result that marginal control costs must be equal across sources, stronger relative preferences for air imply shifting of control toward sources that produce greater ancillary benefits to air quality. Regional differences may require side payments to induce cooperation where benefits are low, but this will not affect how controls themselves...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10553

Projections of economic impacts of climate change in agriculture in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Sonia; Iglesias,   Ana.
RESUMEN This study provides monetary estimates of the impacts of climate change in European agriculture. Future scenarios are derived from several socio-economic scenarios and experiments conducted using global climate moedls and regional climate models. The economic valuation is conducted by using GTAP general equilibrium model across simulations based on crop productivity changes that consider no restrictions in the volume of water available for irrigation in current irrigated areas or in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Thus the results should be considered optimistic from the production point and pessimistic from the environmental point of view. Regional differences between northern and southern European countries are found and the monetary...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Climate change; General equilibrium models; Agricultura; Cambio climático; Modelos de equilibrio general; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7053

THE LOGIC OF COLLECTIVE ACTION AND AUSTRALIA'S CLIMATE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pezzey,   John C.V.; Mazouz,   Salim; Jotzo,   Frank.
We thank two anonymous referees and the Department of Climate Change for helpful comments. This research was supported financially by the Environmental Economics Research Hub of the Australian Government's Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities program.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Australia; Targets; Emission trading; Carbon leakage; Lobbying; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59577

Optimal Investment in Clean Production Capacity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Toman,   Michael; Withagen,   Cees.
For the mitigation of long-term pollution threats, one must consider that both the process of environmental degradation and the switchover to new and cleaner technologies are dynamic. We develop a model of a uniform good that can be produced by either a polluting technology or a clean one; the latter is more expensive and requires investment in capacity. We derive the socially optimal pollution stock accumulation and creation of nonpolluting production capacity, weighing the tradeoffs among consumption, investment and adjustment costs, and environmental damages. We consider the effects of changes in the pollution decay rate, the capacity depreciation rate, and the initial state of the environment on both the steady state and the transition period. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution accumulation; Clean technology; Capacity investment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q42.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10622

Incentives and Stability of International Climate Coalitions: An Integrated Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper analyses the incentives to participate in and the stability of international climate coalitions. Using the integrated assessment model WITCH, the analysis of coalitions’ profitability and stability is performed under alternative assumptions concerning the pure rate of time preference, the social welfare aggregator and the extent of climate damages. We focus on the profitability, stability, and “potential stability” of a number of coalitions which are “potentially effective” in reducing emissions. We find that only the grand coalition under a specific sets of assumptions finds it optimal to stabilise GHG concentration below 550 ppm CO2-eq. However, the grand coalition is found not to be stable, not even “potentially stable” even through an...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Climate Coalition; Game Theory; Free Riding; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; C72; D58; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120048

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF PROPERTY RIGHT OF RESOURCES WHEN TWO EXTERNALITIES (ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTY RIGHT DISTORTION AND PRODUCTION POLLUTION DISTORTION) CO-EXIST: THE SMALL ECONOMY CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tang,   Xiaoyu.
Few studies investigate how environmental property right and production pollution distortions influence the economy when these two externalities co-exist. This case falls into a standard "second best theory". That is, it is important that pollution control policy should be coordinated with the reduction of environmental distortions. Given the non-linearity of production pollution distortion, the optimal property right may not be perfect. To guarantee the achievement of optimal total income via optimal property right, the monitoring agency should take into account the whole system and enforce different monitoring mechanisms in diversified situations. Empirical analysis is proposed on the reef fishery of Pacific island economies and the world.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28550

Expected Impact of Agricultural Nonpoint Sources Special Land Treatment (AgNPS-SALT) Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
This set of reports describes the computer based evaluation of 6 AgNPS-SALT Projects in Missouri and assesses the use of SWAT as an evaluation tool. The analyses estimates nutrient, sediment, and pesticide loading reductions for each project.  Titles include:  Final Report, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (19-06); Long Branch Lake Watershed, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (20-06); Upper and Lower Big Maries River Watersheds Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (06-06); Flat Creek Watershed, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (13-06); Jenkins Basin Watershed Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT Project (16-06); Miami Creek Watershed, Computer Based Evaluation of the AgNPS-SALT...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44779

Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: Discounting for Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
The study presents a conceptual model of an aggregator who selectively pays farmers for altering farming practices in exchange for carbon offsets that the change in practices generates. Under the assumption that the offsets are stochastic and that the aggregator maximizes the sum of the offsets from the purchase that he/she can rightfully claim with a specified level of confidence subject to a budget constraint, we investigate the optimal discounting of expected carbon offsets. We use the model to estimate empirically the optimal discounting levels and costs for a hypothetical carbon purchasing project in the Upper Iowa River Basin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils; Offset discounting; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18551

Structure and bargaining power in multilateral negotiations: Application to water management policies in France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simon,   Leo K.; Thoyer,   Sophie; Morardet,   Sylvie; Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Rio,   Patrick; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Environmental policies are characterized by a growing emphasis on participation, devolution and negotiated decision making. Increasingly, centralized top down decision making systems are being replaced by new forms of local governance. In their strongest versions, these involve delegation of formal authority to local stakeholders who are expected to decide collectively upon the management rules of local common-pool resources. Devolution is particularly important in relation to the allocation and management of scarce water resources. Indeed the French water law of 1992 institutionalised the notion of devolution by requiring that water management rules be negotiated at the river basin level between all stakeholders. Although stakeholder negotiation is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C78; Q25; D78.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58258

Predicting Potential Invasive Species Distribution: An Application to New Zealand Mudsnails in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   Youngah; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Chan,   Samuel; Harte,   Michael.
Quantitative approach for invasive species risk assessment
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; New Zealand mudsnail; Gravity model; Maxent model; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103646

The Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma in a Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinateder,   Markus.
Imperfect private monitoring in an infinitely repeated discounted Prisoner’s Dilemma played on a communication network is studied. Players observe their direct neighbors’ behavior only, but communicate strategically the repeated game’s history throughout the network. The delay in receiving this information requires the players to be more patient to sustain the same level of cooperation as in a complete network, although a Folk Theorem obtains when the players are patient enough. All equilibria under exogenously imposed truth-telling extend to strategic communication, and additional ones arise due to richer communication. There are equilibria in which a player lies. The flow of information is related with network centrality measures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Repeated Game; Prisoner’s Dilemma; Imperfect Private Monitoring; Network; Strategic Communication; Centrality; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; C73; D85.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96669

The Environment and Directed Technical Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acemoglu,   Daron; Aghion,   Philippe; Bursztyn,   Leonardo; Hemous,   David.
This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. A unique final good is produced by combining inputs from two sectors. One of these sectors uses "dirty" machines and thus creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We characterize dynamic tax policies that achieve sustainable growth or maximize intertemporal welfare. We show that: (i) in the case where the inputs are sufficiently substitutable, sustainable long-run growth can be achieved with temporary taxation of dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both “carbon taxes” and research subsidies, so that excessive use of carbon taxes is avoided;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Exhaustible Resources; Directed Technological Change; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O30; O31; O33; C65.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92839

The New Face of the Clean Water Act: A Critical Review of the EPA's Proposed TMDL Rules
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10850

Welfare Gains under Tradeable CO₂ Permits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Liu,   Xuemei.
Most environmentalists favor the reduction in CO2 emissions but oppose international trade in emissions permits Although economic theory provides a strong case in favor of trade in permits) there is little empirical evidence of the size of potential benefits. We estimate the benefits of this trade for OECD countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tradeable permits; Greenhouse gasses; Carbon reductions; Environmental Economics and Policy; F17; Q28; Q43.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6254

Incentive Policies to Promote the Use of Enhanced Stormwater BMPs in New Residential Developments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huber,   Matthew C.; Willis,   David B.; Hayes,   John C.; Privette,   Charles V., III.
A voluntary stormwater management program that is incentive compatible between residential developers and regulators produces an outcome that simultaneously protects/enhances water quality and increases developer profits. Developers pay a participation fee and the collected fees are used to retrofit ineffective stormwater management systems in older neighborhoods to improve water quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stormwater Best Management Practices; Economic Incentives; Urban Water Quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56541

Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolet,   Jean; Sauve,   Claude; Geoffroy,   Amelie; Sanchez,   Richard.
There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture.  The objective of this report is to discuss different methodologies and assessment criteria for the evaluation of the impacts of environmental regulations in the agricultural sector; to identify the relevant environmental regulations administered at the federal, provincial and local levels; and an analytical framework to evaluate the future role of regulations and other policy instruments in achieving the desired social, environmental and economic outcomes. This study is a foundation piece for later phases of multi-year research project to develop strategic environmental policy for sustainable...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental issues; Competitiveness of primary agriculture; SMART Regulation; Agri-environmental regulations; Environmental regulatory constraints; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53770

What Makes Mountain Pine Beetle a Tricky Pest? Difficult Decisions when Facing Beetle Attack in a Mixed Species Forest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogle,   Tim; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The pine forest of British Columbia is undergoing its largest recorded pest epidemic. The damage caused by native mountain pine beetle creates difficulties for the public owner of the resource, which is interested in protecting future timber supply while salvaging dead and dying pine. This paper addresses two problems that have often been over-looked: the variability and timing of beetle attack, and the variability of pine inventory in each stand. Management controls are limited to the annual rate of harvest and timber product outputs are based on shelf life – the length of time infested timber can still be used to produce lumber. Using mathematical programming to schedule harvest, we introduce a novel objective function based on the maximization of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal timber supply; Catastrophic disturbance; Shelf life of damaged trees; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117439

Die Kosten der Okomassnahmen in der Schweizer Landwirtschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31995

BUDDHIST EQUILIBRIUM: THE THEORY OF MIDDLE PATH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendis,   Patrick.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13948

Workshop Report: Advancing the Art of Analyzing Risks and Benefits of Dredged Material Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   James D.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been delegated responsibility for assuring the navigability of waters designated for that purpose in the United States. Dredging is among the activities required to fulfill this responsibility. In some places, the Corps finds difficulty in carrying out dredging projects because it lacks spaces where the sediments that must be removed ("dredged materials") can be placed or otherwise managed. In these cases, the public has expressed concerns about the impacts of dredged materials on the environment, either underwater or on land ("upland"). Thus, the Corps often finds it necessary to be able to evaluate and describe the costs or risks and the benefits of the possible alternatives that may be available. Scientists and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dredging; Risk; Benefit; Cost; Analysis; Characterization; Accidents; Mixtures; Sediments; Non-use benefits; Decision tools; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10617

DESIGNING WETLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Jiayi; Marshall,   Elizabeth P.; Shortle,   James S.; Ready,   Richard C.; Hershner,   Carlton.
A methodology for evaluating public wetlands conservation investments that considers climate change is developed and applied to Virginia's Elizabeth River watershed. A revised cellular automaton (CA) model is applied to project future land use change. Discrete stochastic sequential programming (DSSP) is used to model a parcel-based discrete-time decision process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20111

Agrarpolitik als Management öffentlicher Güter: Zur Ökonomik der dezentralen Bereitstellung von Natur in der Kulturlandschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuppenau,   Ernst-August.
Political procedures aimed at solving conflicts of agriculture and the environment are becoming increasingly important. In contrast to previous research, property rights solutions are regarded as inappropriate to solve the conflicts between farming and nature conservation due to transaction costs. The political process is considered as a substitute for market transactions in an agri-environment being a public good and advised as an ecological main structure (EMS). The paper addresses the problem by introducing a public manager who is responsible for the provision of an ecological main structure. It applies a political economy model of social bargaining, shows how a tragedy of the commons problem may prevail in field margin provision, and outlines a social...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Political bargaining model; Ecological main structure; Nature provision; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98866

The Role of R&amp;D and Technology Diffusion in Climate Change Mitigation: New Perspectives Using the Witch Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Duval,   Romain; Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&amp;D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&amp;D: R&amp;D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&amp;D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful – especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Energy R&amp;D; Fund; Stabilisation costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; H0; H2; H3; H4; O3; Q32; Q43; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50363

Cost-Benefit Analysis at the Supreme Court: Cooling Water v. Fish
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hewitt,   Julie A.
This is the story of a recent U.S. Supreme Court case on the use of cost-benefit analysis at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a regulation issued under the Clean Water Act (CWA). The case is Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., et al. The case was not about the quality of the cost-benefit analysis, nor the fact that EPA conducted one, but whether EPA had CWA authority to base regulatory decisions on cost-benefit. I close with thoughts about an alternative Chevron legal test that acknowledges the state of ecosystem valuation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regulatory analysis; Ecological benefits; Chevron test; Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55547

Measuring the Consistency of Phytosanitary Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigsby,   Hugh R.
The paper presents a model for quantifying quarantine-related phytosanitary measures by combining the two basic components of pest risk assessment, probability of establishment and economic effects, into a single management framework, Iso-Risk. The model provides a systematic and objective basis for defining and measuring acceptable risk and for justifying quarantine actions relative to acceptable risk. This can then be used to measure consistency of phytosanitary measures. The Iso-Risk framework is applied using a database of USDA phytosanitary risk assessments. The results show that the USDA risk assessment system produces assessments that are not consistent across a range of intermediate values for consequence or likelihood of occurrence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Iso-Risk; Phytosanitary risk assessment; Pest risk assessment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97131

Risk and Nitrogen Application Decisions in Florida Potato Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asci,   Serhat; Borisova,   Tatiana; VanSickle,   John J.; Zotarelli,   Lincoln.
This study focuses on development of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) for potato production areas in Northeast Florida, and presents the results of the initial situation assessment. BMP implementation is the primary strategy used by agencies and farmers to improve the efficiency and to ensure environmental sustainability of agricultural production. Although BMPs are defined as “economically feasible” and “cost-effective”, economic analysis conducted as a part of BMP development has been limited, leaving the room for disagreement about economic impacts of specific BMPs. As a part of the situation assessment, we used interviews, group discussions, a survey, and a field trip to collect information about farmers’ production practices and to...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Florida potato production; Partial budget analysis; Risk analysis; Best management practice; Nitrogen fertilization; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119797

Issues and Open Questions of Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Under the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26258

The Orangutan-oil Palm Conflict: Economic Constraints and Opportunities for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The future of the orangutan (Pongo spp.) is far from secure despite the species’ high profile and media attention. The traditional threat to the orangutan has been widespread logging, but the continuing conversion of remaining habitat for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation is hastening its extinction in the wild. This situation is driven by a robust global market for palm oil as a vegetable oil and biofuel. In tackling this conservation problem, therefore, economic factors cannot be overlooked. This article analyses these factors and how they curtail effective orangutan conservation. Of significance are the high opportunity costs of orangutan conservation and market failures associated with the public-goods nature of the orangutan’s forest habitat....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Oil palm; Opportunity cost; Orangutan; Public goods; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55318

LASER LEVELING AND FEDERAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daubert,   John; Ayer,   Harry W.
Our empirical analysis shows that federal tax and cost-sharing incentives significantly affect the profitability of laser leveling – a new irrigation technology which sharply reduces gravity water applications. However, the structure of the incentives may make slow rather than rapid adoption of the technology most profitable. Methodology plus results for a wide range of physical and economic conditions are given.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32260

ARE ECO-LABELS VALUABLE? EVIDENCE FROM THE APPAREL INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
Using U.S. apparel catalogue data, we estimate hedonic price functions to identify market valuation of environmental attributes of apparel goods. We identify a significant and robust premium for the organic fibers embodied in the apparel goods. We find an additional organic premium for baby items. However, we do not find evidence of a premium for environment-friendly dyes. We further investigate the pricing behavior of apparel suppliers for potential departure from competitive pricing of this environmental attribute and find no evidence different premium across firms, suggesting price-taking behavior in the environmental attribute space.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Organic-cotton apparel; Natural dye; Hedonic price; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; L81; L67.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21016

Environmental economics and the Murray-Darling river system
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.
Much concern about the negative environmental consequences of agricultural development in Australia, including salinisation, waterlogging and algal blooms, has focused on the problems of the Murray–Darling Basin. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the environmental problems of the Murray–Darling Basin from an economic perspective, and a selective survey of the relevant economic literature, including theoretical analysis, modelling and contributions to the development of water policy. In attempting to understand the complex problems of the Murray–Darling Basin, an eclectic approach drawing on externality, sustainability and property rights perspectives seems most appropriate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117382

Minimising costs of environmental service provision: water-yield, salt-load and biodiversity targets with new tree planting in Simmons Creek Catchment, NSW, a dryland farming/grazing area.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nordblom,   Thomas L.; Hume,   Iain H.; Cresswell,   Hamish; Glover,   Mark; Hean,   Robyn L.; Finlayson,   John D.; Wang,   Enli.
Although dryland farming and grazing have been practiced for over 130 years in the 17,000 ha Simmons Creek catchment without surface salinity problems, the area has been identified as a significant source of salt seepage to Billabong Creek in the NSW Murray catchment. Groundwater movement and salinity levels are spatially heterogenous at Simmons Creek. Groundwater of the upper catchment is relatively fresh and seemingly unconnected with the highly saline groundwater of the lower catchment. However, fresh surface water does flow from the upper to the lower catchment. This spatial diversity provokes the question of where high-water-use forest habitats might be placed to achieve different combinations of environmental services (greater water yield, lower...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Optimisation; Opportunity costs; Forest-habitat; Environmental services; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10357

Corn Growers Oppose Climate Bill: National Corn Growers Association Cites Study Showing More Costs Than Gains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clayton,   Chris.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90676

THE COLORADO RIVER SALINITY PROBLEM:  DIRECT ECONOMIC DAMAGES IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oyarzabal-Tamargo,   Francisco; Young,   Robert A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32180

Evaluating Water Conservation Strategies and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
The four papers presented at this invited session examine various ways that economic analysis can be used to examine issues of water conservation strategies and policies. Three of the four are focused on water issues in Texas, and one examines a private insurance contract scheme for irrigation scheduling using Georgia weather and water data. All four papers are well written and interesting, but all four illustrated the limits of conventional economic analysis in its ability to shed light on public policy. This is particularly the case in the heavy reliance on economic efficiency analysis that is employed in the papers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46989

Environmental Performance and Regional Innovation Spillovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna.
The achievement of positive environmental performance at national level could strongly depend on differences in local capabilities of both institutions and the private business sector. Environmental regulation alone is a weak instrument if the institutional and business environment cannot transform regulation strengths into opportunities. In this paper, we use the new environmental accounting matrix for polluting emissions now available for the 20 Italian Regions that covers 24 sectors and combines a shift-share approach with spatial econometric modelling. We provide evidence of the role played by internal innovation, innovation spillovers and regional policies in shaping the geographical distribution of environmental performance achievements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Performance; Technological Innovation; Regional Spillovers; Polluting Emissions; Italian Regions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; R15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94790

Confronting Uncertainty and Missing Values in Species Conservation Investment with Environmental Value Transfer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Grafton,   R. Quentin.
Decision tools for species conservation, such as benefit cost analysis (BCA) and project prioritization protocol (PPP) use monetary values to measure benefits or to assign priorities across species. Non-use (or passive) values are an important, yet difficult to quantify, category of benefits. When not estimated they may be assigned a zero value by decision makers. This results in the under-provision of conservation dollars to substantial non-use values generating projects and actions.  To overcome the problem, we provide a guide to environmental value transfer (EVT) that allows decision makers to derive indirect estimates of non-use values. Environmental value transfer, together with consideration of estimated benefits uncertainty, promise better decision...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental value transfer; Species conservation; Non-use values; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94826

Climate variability, climate change and agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiggin,   John C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97266

Carbon Leakage with Forestation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
This paper analyzes carbon leakage due to reduced emissions from deforestation (RED). We find that leakage with RED is good because the policy induces afforestation that contributes to a further carbon sequestration. By ignoring the domestic component of carbon leakage, the literature can either overestimate or underestimate leakage, depending on the magnitudes of the numerator and the denominator of the leakage formulas. Unlike the literature, we include the land and agricultural markets in the analysis of carbon leakage with forestation policies. In this model, carbon leakage depends on: (1) supply and demand elasticities of timber production and consumption, respectively in the country introducing a RED policy (Home country) and in the rest of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon leakage; Forestry; Reduced emissions from deforestation; Afforestation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103797

The environment in the dynamics and interactions between economic growth and openness to international trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nappo,   Alessandra Francesca.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114631

EFFICIENCY LOSS AND TRADABLE PERMITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liao,   Chao-Ning; Onal,   Hayri.
This research presents a price endogenous mathematical programming model that incorporates the independent, optimizing behavior of individual participants to estimate the possible efficiency loss of a newly developed permit trading market for nitrogen oxides (NOx) control in southern Taiwan. The result shows that when control equipment decisions are indivisible, an efficiency loss may arise due to over-investment. The efficiency loss found here is not because of a bilateral trading process and/or insufficient information for finding trading partners, but it is due to not having full control ability of the installed equipment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19447

Impact of global warming on Chinese wheat productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: You,   Liangzhi; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Fang,   Cheng; Wood,   Stanley.
Climate change continues to have major impact on crop productivity all over the world. While many researchers have evaluated the possible impact of global warming on crop yields using mainly indirect crop simulation models, there are relatively few direct assessments on the impact of observed climate change on past crop yield and growth. We use a 1979-2000 Chinese crop-specific panel dataset to investigate the climate impact on Chinese wheat yield growth. We find that a 1 percent increase in wheat growing season temperature reduces wheat yields by about 0.3 percent. This negative impact is less severe than those reported in other regions. Rising temperature over the past two decades accounts for a 2.4 percent decline in wheat yields in China while the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Wheat yield; Production function; Marginal impact; Panel data; Climate; Wheat production; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58588

The Effects of Trading and Banking in the SO2 Allowance Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Mansur,   Erin T.
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated a dramatic reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by electric power plants. This paper provides an evaluation of the environmental and public health consequences of the trading and banking provisions of Title IV. A sizable shift in the geographic location of emissions under Title IV (in some states of over 20 percent of emissions after Title IV is implemented) is attributable to trading and/or to banking. There has been considerable concern that this shift in emissions would cause harm to downwind areas due to long-range transport of pollution. We find the resulting change in atmospheric concentrations and deposition of pollutants, and the change in monetized health benefits, are most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Trading; Benefit-cost analysis; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10630

Structural Conservation Practices in U.S. Corn Production: Evidence on Environmental Stewardship by Program Participants and Non-Participants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaible,   Glenn D.; Kim,   C.S.; Lambert,   Dayton M.
This study used the 2005 ERS CEAP-ARMS data for corn production to first compare key operator, field, farm, economic, and environmental characteristics of conservation program participants with non-participants, by farm-size class.  We then estimate a cost-function based technology adoption model of producer decisions regarding the allocation of field-level acres between corn production and infield and perimeter-field conservation structures to examine how these conservation choices differ between program participants and non-participants, while accounting for differences in other field, farm, and environmental factors.  Our null hypothesis is that the average conservation structural practice acres across U.S. corn acres supplied by growers participating...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9812

Exploring Spillover Effect of Public Investments in Conservation Programs onto Agritourism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Joshua; Thilmany,   Dawn D.
Public investment in farmland-based conservation, such as the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP and WRP, respectively), have improved the environmental state of many lands.  In this study, we posit that CRP and WRP may contribute to a new farm income stream based on the enhanced recreational opportunities perceived by tourists on farmland that has richer wildlife and fish habitat.  Using a new field from the 2002 Ag Census, agritourism (recreational activities as hunting, fishing, and wildlife viewing) is modeled as a function of place characteristics (natural amenities and urban influence), scale of agricultural lands and sales and CRP/WRP investments in a cross-county analysis of the West.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19189

SANEAMENTO BÁSICO: UM ESTUDO PARA COMUNIDADES DE PEQUENO PORTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zapparoli,   Irene Domenes.
A degradação hídrica ambiental das cidades ribeirinhas, principalmente em comunidades de pequeno porte, está relacionada entre outras causas ao intenso turismo e a falta de sistema de coleta, remoção e tratamento de esgoto. Com uma poluição quase imperceptível e com carência de políticas ambientais a poluição acontece de forma lenta, aliada a urbanização rápida e de forma irracional. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os fundamentos teóricos do saneamento básico e analisar a sua concepção na política de preservação ambiental de com unidade de pequeno porte, com vistas à melhoria de qualidade de vida da população. O método consiste em revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental sobre saneamento básico. Para análise a pesquisa foi realizada com...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aneamento; Comunidades; Recursos hídricos; Basic sanitation; Small size communities; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108592

Adoption and impacts of zero tillage as a resource conserving technology in the irrigated plains of South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erenstein,   Olaf; Farooq,   Umar; Malik,   R.K.; Sharif,   Muhammad.
The recent stagnation of productivity growth in the irrigated areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia has led to a quest for resource-conserving technologies that can save water, reduce production costs and improve production. The present synthesis of two detailed country studies confirmed widespread adoption of zero tillage (ZT) wheat in the rice-wheat systems of India’s Haryana State (34.5% of surveyed households) and Pakistan’s Punjab province (19%). The combination of a significant “yield effect” and “cost-saving effect” makes adoption worthwhile and is the main driver behind the rapid spread and widespread acceptance of ZT in Haryana, India. In Punjab, Pakistan, adoption is driven by the significant ZT-induced cost savings for wheat...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Zero tillage; Rice; Wheat; Water conservation; India; Pakistan; Haryana; Punjab; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91816

Improving Land-use modelling within CGE to assess Forest-based Mitigation Potential and Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Parrado,   Ramiro.
We present a computable general equilibrium model properly modified to analyse the potential role of the European forestry sector within climate mitigation. Improvements on database and modelling frameworks allow accounting for land heterogeneity across and within regions and for land transfers between agriculture, grazing, and forestry. The forestry sector has been modified to track carbon mitigation potential from both intensive and extensive forest margins, which have been calibrated according to a forest sectoral model. Two sets of climate policies are simulated. In a first scenario, Europe is assumed to commit unilaterally to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% and 30%, by 2020. In a second scenario, in addition to the emissions quotas, progressively higher...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Climate Mitigation; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122862

Rates of Time Preferences for Saving Lives in the Hazardous Waste Site Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Tonin,   Stefania; Turvani,   Margherita.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Value of a Statistical Life; Latent Risk Reductions; Individual Discount Rates; Rate of Time Preference for Saving Lives; Contaminated Sites; Remediation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; J17; I18; K32; Q51; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47177

Calculating Costs of Pig Production  with the InterPIG Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Summary: This working paper presents objectives, methods and the empirical basis of the international working group InterPIG. The members of the group act within an informal network as a base for a mutual exchange of data needed for a unique way to annually calculate the costs of pig production and to analyse their determinants. The working paper informs on the contributions of the members to the network, explains the method for calculating the production costs and presents results of 2006. Further, it shows how InterPIG can react to rapid price changes like the increase of the feed prices during 2007.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Zusammenfassung: Dieser Arbeitsbericht stellt Ziele, Methode und...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Piglet production; Pig fattening; Relation of costs and returns; International comparison of costs; Livestock Production/Industries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102573

ENVIRONMENTAL TAX REVENUE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sziageti,   Cecilia.
There is a relationship between the rate of environmental taxation and the environmental consciousness of EU member states. The tax revenue collected in environmentally conscious member states is greater than that in the V-4 states (Visegrád states: Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland) or in the less environmentally conscious EU-15 states. Of the V-4 states, the environmental tax revenue is collected at the highest rate in the Czech Republic, which is the best situated in terms of the environment and the least amount of tax is collected in Hungary, where the environment is in the poorest state.                    XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX                         A környezeti adóbevételek százalékos aránya és a tagállamok környezeti tu-datossága...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU member states; V-4 states; Bettertainment of environment by taxes - EU tagállamok; V4 országok; A környezeti állapot javítás adókkal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54343

ALTERNATIVE GREEN PAYMENT POLICIES UNDER HETEROGENEITY WHEN MULTIPLE BENEFITS MATTER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
We investigate the environmental impacts of several forms of policies that offer farmers subsides in return for adoption of conservation tillage. The policies differ on whether the tillage practice or one of the environmental benefits is targeted. We develop an environmental Lorenz curve that fully represents the performance of the targeting policies, and we show that these curves can be used directly to help select the optimal targeting strategy for special classes of social welfare functions. We apply the model to the state of Iowa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Lorenz curve; Multiple benefits of conservation tillage; Targeting subsidy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18383

COLLECTIVE ACTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; di Gregorio,   Monica.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16565

ESTIMATING TRANSACTION COSTS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES TO REDUCE PHOSPHOROUS POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.; Easter,   K. William.
As point sources of pollution reduce their emissions due to water quality control efforts, nonpoint sources have become relatively more important.  In the case of agricultural nonpoint source pollution, the policy instruments recommended by economists are not observed in practice.  This study was designed to measure the magnitude of transaction costs associated with policies to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution and to determine whether transaction costs help explain the prevalence of the policies actually observed.  Interviews with staff from governmental agencies were conducted to estimate transaction costs associated with four policies to reduce agricultural phosphorous pollution in the Minnesota River.  The tax on phosphate fertilizers had...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13919

The Ghost of Extinction: Preservation Values and Minimum Viable Population in Wildlife Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eiswerth,   Mark E.
The inclusion of a minimum viable population in bioeconomic modeling creates at least two complications that are not resolved by using a modified logistic growth function. The first complication can be dealt with by choosing a different depensational growth function. The second complication relates to the inclusion of the in situ benefits of wildlife into the analysis. Knowledge about the magnitude of the in situ benefits provides no guide for policy about conservation management. Simply knowing that people are willing to pay a large amount each year to protect a species says nothing about whether one should manage habitat to protect or enhance the species’ numbers, unless the species is in imminent danger of extinction. If willingness to pay is to be a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marginal willingness to pay; Endangered species and extinction; Minimum viable population; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q24; C61.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37912

A Bayesian approach towards facilitating climate change adaptation research on the South African agricultural sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musango,   J.K.; Peter,   C.
Evaluating the range of proposed adaptation measures to combat the sensitivity of agriculture to climate change effects involves evaluating complex interactions between human and natural systems. Integrated strategy-making and implementation in the agricultural sector to reduce the risks posed by climate change requires the consideration of multiple, interdisciplinary factors and the sensitivities of their inter-relationships. Lack of information on the sensitivity of agricultural activities to climate change in Africa hampers climate change adaptation research on the region. In water scarce South Africa, the growth of the agricultural sector is threatened by projected decreases in water availability due to climate change. This paper shows how Bayesian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Water utilization; Bayesian approach; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10121

The Economic Importance of Wildlife Conservation on the Otago Peninsula - 20 years on
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article updates a paper which I wrote in 1988 about the economic value of biodiversity conservation on the Otago Peninsula and the scope for expanding wildlife tourism there. After outlining different ways to measure the economic importance of wildlife, I use economic impact analysis to measure the current importance of wildlife tourism on the Otago Peninsula. However, it is also pointed out that the activities of bodies such as the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust and the Department of Conservation have positive regional economic impacts. The specific methods and assumptions used for this economic analysis are outlined. The gross annual turnover of enterprises directly involved in the viewing of wildlife on the Peninsula is of the order of $6.5 million per...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Yellow-eyed Penguins; Ngos; Wildlife conservations; New Zealand; Economic impact; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55103

The Economics of Endangered Species Poaching
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Poaching; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K42; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37707

Public Goods, the Environment, and International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew; von Witzke,   Harald.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50872

FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR JOINT AGRICULTURAL-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM EXPERIENCE FOR EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pretty,   Jules N.; Dobbs,   Thomas L.
Major agri-environmental programs tried in the United Kingdom (UK)since the mid-1980s are examined in this report.  Special attention is given to the Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) scheme, the Countryside Stewardship Scheme (CSS), and schemes to promote organic agriculture-first the Organic Aid Scheme and, following that, the Organic Farming Scheme.  Several major studies and reviews of these and other agri-environmental schemes in England, Scotland, and Wales have been conducted in recent years. These studies and reviews are drawn upon to examine both the successes and shortcomings of various schemes in drawing farmers into more environmentally sound farming practices and systems.  In conducting this review and examination, primary attention is given...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32038

COMPENSATION FOR WILDLIFE DAMAGE: HABITAT CONVERSION, SPECIES PRESERVATION AND LOCAL WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rondeau,   Daniel; Bulte,   Erwin H.
We study the environmental and economic consequences of introducing a program to compensate peasants of a small economy for the damage caused by wildlife. We show that the widely held belief that compensation induces wildlife conservation may be erroneous. In a partially open economy, compensation can lower the wildlife stock and result in a net welfare loss for local people. In an open economy, compensation can trigger wildlife extinction and also reduce welfare. The conditions leading to a reduction of the wildlife stock are identified and the implications for current and planned compensation programs are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18158

Designing Contracts for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cordero Salas,   Paula.
Reduction of carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) has been identified as a cost effective element of the post-Kyoto strategy to achieve long-term climate objectives. The success of REDD depends primarily on the design and implementation of a financial mechanism that provides land-holders sufficient incentives to participate in a REDD scheme. This paper proposes relational contracting as a more appropriate framework for analyzing proposed REDD incentive regimes rather than that of complete contracting enforcement because relational contracting relies upon mutual self-enforcement in a repeated transaction framework, which better suits the stylized facts of REDD. We characterize the optimal REDD relational contract and provide the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Incomplete enforcement; Carbon sequestration; Climate change; Institutions; Development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Land Economics/Use; D86; K12; L14; O12; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61129

A REGIONAL BAN OF ALACHLOR AND ATRAZINE IN SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA: THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Craig A.; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13945

An Experimental Examination of Target Based Conservation Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boxall,   Peter C.; Perger,   Orsolya; Packman,   Katherine.
Conservation auctions (CA) are typically employed to increase the provision of Ecological Goods and Services (EG&amp;S) for achieving environmental goals. This paper exmaines the ability of a CA to meet an environmental target. Previous research on this topic used the number of contracts as a target rather than some specified environmental goal. We used experimental economic methods benchmarked to a wetlands restoration case study to examine a target constraint that must be met by bidders rather than a budget constraint. However, since no budget constraint is employed, agencies with limited resources might have to use other auction design procedures to ensure that financial outlays to pay winning bidders are not too high while meeting the target....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation auctions; Environmental target; Experimental economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q58; D44.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121624

Tourism Economics and its Application to Regional Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53637

What are the social impacts of land use restrictions on local communities? Empirical evidence from Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andam,   Kwaw S.; Ferraro,   Paul J.; Holland,   Margaret B.
Global efforts to reduce deforestation rely heavily on protected areas and land use restrictions.  The effect of these restrictions on local communities is currently the subject of heated debate among conservation and development experts.  Measuring the social impacts of protected areas is difficult because the effects cannot be isolated from other factors, given the nonrandom placement of protection.  We address this problem by applying a quasi-experimental approach to establish the counterfactual (“what would have been the socioeconomic outcome if a protected area had not been established?”).  We use matching methods to measure the impacts of pre-1980 protected areas in Costa Rica on socioeconomic outcomes in 2000.  In 2000, neighboring communities near...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest conservation; Social impacts; Quasi-experimental methods; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51783

Voting for environmental policy under income and preference heterogeneity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Eerola,   Essi.
We examine the design of policies for promoting the consumption of green products under preference and income heterogeneity using organic food products as an example. Two instruments are considered: a price subsidy for the organic food products and a tax on the conventional products. Under income disparity, consumers with high income always prefer a socially optimal subsidy to a socially optimal tax, while low-income consumers prefer a tax on conventional products. When environmental policy is determined by the median voter, the policies implemented tend to be stricter than socially optimal policies if income differences are large.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11863

Indicators for comparing performance of irrigated agricultural systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molden,   David J.; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Perry,   Christopher J.; de Fraiture,   Charlotte; Kloezen,   Wim H.
Outlines IWMI's external and other comparative performance indicators that allow for analysis of irrigation performance across systems. The purpose of these indicators is to understand the current situation with respect to productive utilization of land and water, to compare relative performance of systems, and to identify where performance can be improved.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Irrigation systems; Indicators; Performance indexes; Financing; Crop production; Water demand; Water requirements; Prices; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44581

Impact of Climate Change on Poverty in Laos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyophilavong,   Phouphet; Takamatsu,   Shinya.
The climate change is global problems. It is predicted to have more severe impact on developing country which most of population are poor. The main impact of climate change on poverty is changing crop productivity and commodity prices. However, there are few studies on the relationship between climate change and poverty. Therefore, this study will use Laos which has a high share of agriculture sector on GDP and high poverty rates as a case study to assess the impact the climate change on national wide-economy and climate change using CGE model. The preliminary result shows that climate change has serious impact of Lao economy in term of declining GDP. On the other hand, the micro-simulation indicates that the impact on poverty was negligible. This is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103999

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF VARIABLE RATE NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION WITH CARRY-OVER EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watkins,   K. Bradley; Lu,   Yao-Chi; Huang,   Wen-Yuan.
This study evaluates the long-term profitability and environmental impacts of variable rate versus uniform nitrogen application in seed potato production with nitrogen carry-over effects included. Seed potato yields were simulated for four different areas of a field using the EPIC crop growth model. A dynamic optimization model was used to determine optimal steady-state nitrogen levels for each area and the entire field. Average nitrogen losses and economic returns were evaluated for both uniform and variable rate nitrogen fertilizer. Variable rate nitrogen application was found to be unprofitable for the field when compared to uniform nitrogen application. Nitrogen losses for the field were about the same under both strategies. The results indicate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31207

YOU AND WE AND THIS BUSINESS OF ECOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vadner,   Clyde H.
Presents the scope of the solid waste problem in the United States and discusses the soft drink industry's role in proposed solutions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27158

Directed Technical Change and Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otto,   Vincent M.; Loschel,   Andreas; Reilly,   John M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12037

Potential Economic Impacts of the Managed Haying and Grazing Provision of CRP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dickson,   Amanda; Dicks,   Michael R.
According to the Executive Order 12866, a qualitative and quantitative assessment for any Federal mandate resulting in annual expenditures of $100 million or more is required.  This study determines how many of the approximately 34.5 million acres of CRP land is brought back in economic use, how that use is allocated between grazing and haying, and the economic impact.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CRP; Land allocation; Economic impact; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46807

Environmental Quality in a Differentiated Duopoly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farzin,   Y. Hossein; Akao,   Ken-Ichi.
In a duopoly industry with environmentally differentiated products, we examine the effects of introducing a mandatory environmental quality standard on firms'’ environmental quality choices, profits, and the average environmental quality offered by the industry. We show that at low standard levels, both firms choose to overcomply regardless of the standard level. At intermediate levels, the mandatory standard can reduce the profit of the low-cost firm while increasing that of the high-cost firm, and that it can lower the industry’'s average environmental quality below what it would be without the standard.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12183

Do Lower Prices For Polluting Goods Make Environmental Externalities Worse?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Lower prices for polluting goods will increase their sales and the pollution that results from their production or use. Conventional intuition suggests that this relationship implies a greater need for environmental policy when prices of "dirty" goods fall. But the economic inefficiency resulting overproduction of polluting goods may fall, not rise, as the cost of producing those goods falls. While lower costs exacerbate overproduction, they also reduce the difference between private benefit and the total social cost--the sum of private and external costs--associated with that overproduction. We derive a test, based on readily observed or estimated parameters for conditions in which the latter effect outweighs the former. In such cases, making a dirty good...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Regulatory policy; Externalities; Electricity restructuring; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; L94.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10776

Carbon Kuznets Curves: Long-run Structural Dynamics and Policy Events
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Musolesi,   Antonio.
We study the structural differences among climate change leading ‘factors’ - Northern EU members -, and lagging actors - southern EU countries and the ‘Umbrella group’ - with regard to long run carbon-income relationships. Homogeneous and heterogeneous panel models show that the groups of countries less in favour of stringent climate policy have yet to experience a Kuznets curve, though they show relative delinking. Northern EU instead robustly shows bell shapes. Exogenous policy events such as the 1992 climate change convention appear to be relevant in shaping the EKC of Northern EU. In addition, other events such as the second oil price shock appear to have also impacted in shaping the long run emission/GDP dynamics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Kuznets Curve; Panel Cointegration; Heterogeneous Panels; Cross-Section Correlation; Kyoto Framework; Bayesian Models; Policy Events; Long Run Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55286

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14026

Modeling Demand for Outdoor Recreation Settings with Choice Based Data Accounting for Exogenous and Endogenous Stratification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sardana,   Kavita; Bowker,   James Michael; Bergstrom,   John C.
Estimating regional demand models by pooling different samples without correcting for such differences causes model misspecification as each sample belongs to a different population. Weighted regression using Pseudolikelihood to account for differences in sample population with adjustment for heteroskedasticity improves efficiency but the estimates are biased. We estimate regional demand for National Forest settings types in the southeastern states of U.S using weighted and unweighted regression. Using estimation of demand for National Forests as a case study, we resolve problems relating to inference about the data generating process when different samples are pooled together. We show that though efficiency of weighted estimates improves after correcting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exogenous stratification; Endogenous stratification; Choice based data; Outdoor recreation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q500.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61046

VALUATION OF EXTERNALITIES IN WATER, FORESTS AND ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verghese,   Shalet K.; Manjunatha,   A.V.; Poornima,   K.N.; Akarsha,   B.M.; Rashmi,   N.; Tejaswi,   Pillenahalli Basavarajappa; Saikumar,   B.C.; Jeevarani,   A.K.; Accavva,   M.S.; Amjath Babu,   T.S.; Suneetha,   M.S.; Unnikrishnan,   P.M.; Deshpande,   R.S.; Nagaraj,   N.; Chandrashekar,   H.; Bhat,   Mahadev G.; Chengappa,   P.G.; Mundinamani,   S.M.; Shanmugam,   T.R.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.
Paper presented at EAAE 2008 Congress
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Externalities; Environmental services; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43617

PLANETOR, AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PLANNING TOOL: ITS USE AND ADAPTATION FOR ITALY; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo; Klair,   Kevin S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14404

Climate Change and Game Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Peter John.
This survey paper examines the problem of achieving global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Contributions to this problem are reviewed from non-cooperative game theory, cooperative game theory, and implementation theory. Solutions to games where players have a continuous choice about how much to pollute, games where players make decisions about treaty participation, and games where players make decisions about treaty ratification, are examined. The implications of linking cooperation on climate change with cooperation on other issues, such as trade, is examined. Cooperative and non-cooperative approaches to coalition formation are investigated in order to examine the behaviour of coalitions cooperating on climate change. One way to achieve...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change negotiations; Game theory; Implementation theory; Coalition formation; Subgame perfect equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95061

The complex links between governance and biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Gibson,   Clark C.; Hoffman,   Barak; McCubbins,   Mathew D.
We argue that two problems weaken the claims of those who link corruption and the exploitation of natural resources. The first is conceptual. Studies that use national level indicators of corruption fail to note that corruption comes in many forms, at multiple levels, and may or may not affect resource use. Without a clear causal model of the mechanism by which corruption affects resources, one should treat with caution any estimated relationship between corruption and the state of natural resources. The second problem is methodological: Simple models linking corruption measures and natural resource use typically do not account for other important causes and control variables pivotal to the relationship between humans and natural resources. By way of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14758

Economic tradeoffs for managing offsite impacts of irrigation areas.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   David; Kahn,   Shahbaz.
Many irrigation districts within the southern Murray Darling Basin have imposed external environmental impacts to adjoining landscapes, in particular, high watertables which cause salinity and increased waterlogging. These environmental impacts can cause losses in agricultural production and also degrade the natural ecosystem. Natural depressions are highly susceptible to these external impacts and are compounded by local flooding and ponding events. The level of investment in salinity and waterlogging mitigation works in excess of tangible benefits to protect or reclaim degraded depressions becomes a social choice between the community’s willingness to pay for the potential environmental benefits of the mitigation works and the level of degradation the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58201

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE: LAND RETIREMENT VERSUS CHANGING PRACTICES ON WORKING LAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
The study develops a conceptual framework for analyzing the allocation of conservation funds via selectively offering incentive payments to farmers for enrolling in one of two mutually exclusive agricultural conservation programs: retiring land from production or changing farming practices on land that remains in production. We investigate how the existence of a pre-fixed budget allocation between the programs affects the amounts of environmental benefits obtainable under alternative policy implementation schemes. The framework is applied to a major agricultural production region using field-scale data in conjunction with empirical models of land retirement and conservation tillage adoption, and a biophysical process simulation model for the environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Land retirement; Working land; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18627

Modelling Farm Level Economic Potential for Conversion to Organic Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerselaers,   Eva; Govaerts,   Wim; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; De Cock,   Lieve; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
A farm model is developed for simulating the potential income change resulting from conversion to organic farming. The model uses conventional farm data, taken from the Belgian FADN. Given the normative character of the model, and the impossibility of calibration to historical conversion behaviour, two model variants, a rigid and a flexible, are created to broaden the analysis scope. Moreover, extra attention is paid to the verification process and sensitivity analysis. Results reveal that the economic potential for conversion is rather high, if farmers are willing to change their farm management sufficiently. Furthermore, conversion potential depends on the farm type and conventional farm characteristics. The model finally proves to be an interesting tool...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conversion period; Farm model; Linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C61; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24732

Potential Environmental Contamination From Conventional and Alternative Cropping Systems in Northeast Kansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Seungmo; Diebel,   Penelope L.
Surface-water contamination from agricultural chemicals is a problem in northeast Kansas. The objective of this study is to compare potential atrazine, nitrogen, and sediment loadings from regional conventional and alternative cropping systems. Results indicate that several alternative systems have lower loading levels for atrazine and sediment than the conventional system, but higher loading levels for nitrogen
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Alternative agriculture; Nitrogen; Atrazine; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118148

An Experimental Analysis of Compliance in Dynamic Emissions Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.
Two important design elements for emission trading programs are whether and to what extent firms are able to bank emissions permits, and how these programs are to be enforced. In this paper we present results from laboratory emissions markets designed to investigate enforcement and compliance when these markets allow permit banking.  Banking is motivated by a decrease in the aggregate permit supply in the middle of multi-period trading sessions. Consistent with theoretical insights, our experiments suggest that high permit violation penalties have little deterrence value in dynamic emissions markets, and that the main challenge of enforcing these programs is to motivate truthful self-reports of emissions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Enforcement; Emissions trading; Laboratory experiments; Permit markets; Permit banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; C91; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93966

SUSTAINABLE COUNTRYSIDE AND COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szlavik,   Janos; Csete,   Maria.
Sustainability, which is a way of thinking, life, production and consumption, covers all dimensions of human existence, its relation to natural resources, the economy and society. Sustainability can be the solution, beside research and development processes, to global problems like globalising economy and market competition, global warming, poverty and famine. United Nations’ actions from Rio to Johannesburg and EU decisions seem to underpin this. Well intentioned efforts up to the present have been made on global level with few results. Therefore it is necessary to implement sustainability on regional and local sub-regional, company level. Sustainability is getting into the centre of expectations and actions. It is very likely that only regions and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Sustainability on regional level; Settlements; Investigations - fenntarthatóság regionális szintje; Települések; Beruházások.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54341

Myopic or Farsighted? An Experiment on Network Formation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mantovani,   Marco; Kirchsteiger,   Georg; Mauleon,   Ana; Vannetelbosch,   Vincent.
Pairwise stability (Jackson and Wolinsky, 1996) is the standard stability concept in network formation. It assumes myopic behavior of the agents in the sense that they do not forecast how others might react to their actions. Assuming that agents are farsighted, related stability concepts have been proposed. We design a simple network formation experiment to test these theories. Our results provide support for farsighted stability and strongly reject the idea of myopic behavior.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Network Formation; Experiment; Myopic and Farsighted Stability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D85; C91; C92.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108256

Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Palmer,   Karen L.; Paul,   Anthony; Toman,   Michael; Bloyd,   Cary.
This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664

Science Diplomacy in the 21st Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fedoroff,   Nina.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60344

The Economics of Inaction on Climate Change: A Sensitivity Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Finlayson,   Ian J.
Economic models of climate change often take the problem seriously, but paradoxically conclude that the optimal policy is to do almost nothing about it. We explore this paradox as seen in the widely used DICE model. Three aspects of that model, involving the discount rate, the assumed benefits of moderate warming, and the treatment of the latest climate science, are sufficient to explain the timidity of the model's optimal policy recommendation. With modifications to those three points, DICE shows that the optimal policy is a much higher and rapidly rising marginal carbon price; that higher carbon price has a greater effect on physical measures of climate impacts. Our modifications exhibit nonlinear interactions; at least at low discount rates, there is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37277

Energy efficiency, innovation, and job creation in California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roland-Holst,   David W.
Global climate change poses significant risks to the California economy. Recognizing and responding to these threats, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order #S-3-05 (Schwarzenegger 2005) which called for a 30 percent reduction below business-as-usual of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. In September 2006, the California legislature passed and Governor Schwarzenegger signed into law the historic Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32), which mandates a first-in-the-nation limit on emissions that cause global warming. In June 2006, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) released a “Draft Scoping Plan” – the policy roadmap to meet the emissions reduction target of 169 Million Metric Tons of Carbon (MMTCO2)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy; Sustainability; Climate change; Economic policy; Energy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46718

Vidékfejlődés: bűvészmutatványok örök ellenszélben
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varga,   Geza.
A galgahévízi ökoprojekt gondolata a 80-as évek második felére tekint vissza, majd fokozatosan valósul meg 1989-től kezdődően. Az első lépést a faluban szervezett népfőiskola jelentette, melynek keretében a helyi lakosok ismerkedtek a fenntartható jövővel, majd megalakult a „Galgafarm” Első Magyar Organikus Mezőgazdasági Szövetkezet, amely tevékenységét 1998 óta pénzügyileg is eredményesen folytatja, megteremtve 40-45 család megélhetését. A Galgafarmon tájgazdálkodás folyik, s 50-60 család számára önellátást valósítanak meg élelmiszer-feldolgozó üzemeikben, de termékeiket nyers és feldolgozott formában értékesítik is. Fontos szerepet játszik az épülő galgahévízi ökofalu, mint lakó- és élettér. Minden tevékenység, – az ökofalu is – a természettel való...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntarthatóság; Tájgazdálkodás; Élelemtermelés; Közjó; Ökofalu; Sustainability; Area-specific agriculture; Food production public good; Ecovillage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92489

CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES AND ENERGY USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, CENTRAL EUROPE AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drennen,   Thomas E.; Chapman,   Duane.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11912

Comparing Policy Instruments in a Dynamic Environment with Strategic Firms: The Case of Minnesota Phosphorus Emissions.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moledina,   Amyaz A.
This paper examines the strategic behavior of firms under emissions taxes and tradable emissions permits designed to mitigate phosphorus emissions. The Nash payoff to the regulator of the strategic game is determined for a sub-basin of the Minnesota River using econometric estimates of cost and benefit functions representative of the region. These payoffs are compared to determine the preferred policy instrument. Results show that emission permits yield lower deadweight losses than emissions taxes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20751

Managing Environmental Risks through Private Sector Cooperation: Cooperation: Theory, Experience and a Case Study of the California Code of Sustainable Winegrowing Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moulton,   Kirby S.; Zwane,   Alix Peterson.
There is growing interest in voluntary agreements as an economic policy tool for managing environmental risks. Numerous studies have been published about the theory of such arrangements, how they work, and what they accomplish. They demonstrate that voluntary agreements can create value for both regulators and firms. Little has been written, however, that analyzes various voluntary arrangements in the winegrowing sector. The evidence accumulated from other sectors indicates that efforts in the winegrowing sector may be following an appropriate path for attaining management objectives. The California Sustainable Winegrowing Practices (SWP) project indicates a number of strategies that may be useful in developing voluntary agreements in other regions. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Managing; Environmental risks; Winegrowing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8131

NAREA Awards
Provedor de dados: 31
NAREA Outstanding Master's Thesis Award, NAREA Master's Thesis Award of Merit, NAREA Distinguished Member Awards, NAREA Award for Outstanding Public Service Through Economics, and NAREA's Journal Article of the Year for 2008
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55555

OPTIMUM NITROGEN USE UNDER GROUNDWATER POLLUTION CONSTRAINTS;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Yadav,   Satya N.
In this paper we will try to address two questions.  First, are farmers using the level of nitrogen that would maximize profits, and second, does the profit maximizing level of nitrogen use exceed the social optimum?  In the latter case, we determine the optimal level of nitrogen use for continuous corn when the farmer must try to maintain the groundwater quality level at 10 ppm (the EPA safe drinking water standard).  We conclude with recommendations concerning how to achieve the social optimum level of nitrogen use.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14474

WATERSHED-LEVEL POLICIES TO IMPLEMENT BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Intarapapong,   Walaiporn; Hite,   Diane.
To meet environmental target, policies that coordinate nonpoint pollution control efforts within a watershed may result in higher total profits than policies that do not. That is, the greatest profits and most runoff reduction would be achieved with optimal combinations of BMPs.  However, the uncertainty weather condition could pose some challenge in achieving environmental target.  In this study, we use a bioeconomic model, Agricultural Policy Envi-ronment Extender (APEX) to simulate the environmental impacts of alternative cropping sys-tems. Under safety-first constraints, the levels of environmental runoff and optimal net returns of alternative cropping practices are estimated, using GAMS.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35007

Assessing design options for a Nutrient Trading System using an integrated model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lock,   Kelly; Kerr,   Suzi; Cox,   Tim; Rutherford,   Kit.
Water quality in many New Zealand waterways is currently declining leading to lakes and rivers being closed for contact recreation such as swimming and potentially threatening our clean, green image. Much of this decline is associated with an increase in the nutrient loss from agriculture in the surrounding catchment. Nutrient trading systems are being considered in a number of catchments across the county to restrict the nutrient loss entering the waterways and thus improve the water quality. Such a system is currently being implemented in Lake Taupo and Environment Bay of Plenty is exploring actively the use of such a system to manage nutrient loss in the Lake Rotorua catchment. Yet the design of such systems is challenging. In a collaborative effort...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96443

An LP-Model to Analyse Economic and Ecological Sustainability in Dutch Dairy Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Calker,   Klaas Jan; Berentsen,   Paul B.M.; De Boer,   Imke J.M.; Giesen,   G.W.J.; Huirne,   Ruud B.M.
Since the enactment of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, owners and operators of farms and ranches have opportunities to evaluate new estate planning strategies for the transfer of farm businesses to subsequent generations. However, with provisions of the Act to be phased in over several years, consideration must be given to having a "staged" estate plan. Under provisions of the current law, estate tax is repealed in the year 2010, but if Congress does not act, the legislation sunsets and returns to prior law January 1, 2011. This fact provides planning challenges for owners and operators of farms and ranches as the phase-in of provisions, the repeal in 2010, and the return to prior law relative to estate planning and business...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24361

CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CO-BENEFITS, AND CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
Land use changes to sequester carbon also provide "co-benefits," some of which (for example, water quality) have attracted at least as much attention as carbon storage. The non-separability of these co-benefits presents a challenge for policy design. If carbon markets are employed, then social efficiency will depend on how we take into account co-benefits, that is, externalities, in such markets. If carbon sequestration is incorporated into conservation programs, then the weight given to carbon sequestration relative to its co-benefits will partly shape these programs. Using the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) as an example, we show that CRP has been sequestering carbon, which was not an intended objective of the program. We also demonstrate that more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Conservation Reserve Program; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18336

Liquid bio-fuels in Hungary: effects and contradictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bai,   Attila.
The increase of living standard requires ever more energy, despite energy saving measures. Domestic growth was 100 PJ between 2000 and 2006, and 77% of the total utilization was imported (Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008). Sustainability was endangered not only in our energy and commerce policy. Our domestic natural conditions are suitable for plant production; however, the stagnation of the domestic population and decreasing livestock numbers restrict inland marketing. Therefore, significant surpluses from year to year had to be stored and sold abroad, and the fact that the interventional purchase of corn and the expected stringent new EU regulation of the sugar beet sector, make the strategic significance of these branches uncertain. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48341

The Clean Development Mechanism and its Controversies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Liu,   Xuemei.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has been proposed as a means of reducing the costs of abating greenhouse gasses, and for assisting developing countries. Although the CDM offers apparent environmental benefits, in addition to benefiting both investors and developing country hosts, it has generated considerable controversy. We review and evaluate the arguments surrounding the CDM and we provide new empirical evidence concerning its potential benefits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6250

Briefing Paper on the "Worst Case" Implications of Low Missouri River Flows for Power Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruse,   John R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50488

Use of Seemingly Unrelated Parametric and Semiparametric Panel Models in the Environmental Kuznets Curve Estimation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zapata,   Hector O.; Paudel,   Krishna P.
We estimated the environmental Kuznets curve for point (mercury) and nonpoint (nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen) source water pollutants as a function of income in parametric and semiparametric functional forms of the Panel data model. Seemingly unrelated panel formulation did not provide gain in efficiency over the single equation panel data model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35495

PROPOSED NEW ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AFFECTING CANADIAN AGRICULTURE; A SPECIAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; MacGowan,   Peter; Mussell,   Al; Mayer,   Holly.
Over the last several months there have been numerous moves toward the establishment of new environmental protection standards specifically related to farming operations in various provinces. Existing and proposed provincial requirements regarding nutrient management and environmental standards on farms are at the forefront of many farm and environmentalist groups'’ agendas. The public is paying more attention to the impact of farming operations on both the natural environment and human health. In particular, a great deal of attention has been focussed on how the improper handling and application of manure may contaminate surface water, groundwater, air quality and soil. All of these factors have led to the exploration of regulatory options. Depending on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18104

Economic and Environmental Co-benefits of Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: Retiring Agricultural Land in the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
This study investigates the carbon sequestration potential and co-benefits from policies aimed at retiring agricultural land in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, a large, heavily agricultural area. We extend the empirical measurement of co-benefits from the previous focus on environmental benefits to include economic transfers. These transfers have often been mentioned as a co-benefit, but little empirical work measuring the potential magnitude of these transfers has previously been undertaken. We compare and contrast five targeting schemes, each based on maximizing different physical environmental measures, including carbon sequestration, soil erosion, nitrogen runoff, nitrogen leaching, as well as the area enrolled in the program. In each case, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Co-effects; Economic transfers; Environmental benefits targeting; Upper Mississippi River Basin; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18423

EFFICIENT POLICIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION:  AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INCENTIVES FOR LAND CONVERSION AND RETENTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plantinga,   Andrew J.; Ahn,   Soeun.
This study investigates the costs of subsidies for land retention and conversion, in addition to a policy that combines the incentives.  A Markov model of forest and agricultural land use is estimated for the U.S. South Central region and used to simulate retention and conversion policies.  Results suggest a conversion policy is less costly for increasing forest area, and a retention policy is less costly for increasing agricultural land area.  The costs of separate subsidies can be up to 300% higher than the costs of combined incentives.  However, when administrative costs are taken into account, conversion policies are likely to be less costly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31086

Applying Sustainable Value Methodology for Hungarian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Andras.
The Sustainable Value method is a promising approach for accessing sustainability performance of a given activity using the concept of opportunity cost and the performance of a given benchmark. In this study the performance of the Hungarian agriculture is studied. Using FADN data for the period of 2002-2006, the possible effect of the EU accession on agricultural production is examined. Structural, economic and human factors are considered in order to gain better understanding of the differences.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; EU accession; Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44139

Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Forestry with the Extended LTEM (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Kaye-Blake,   William.
In the land-based sectors, agricultural production generally is a source of carbon, while forestry may be thought to act as a sink. This paper focuses on new research examining the interaction of the two. The core of the research is the Lincoln Trade and Environment model (LTEM), a partial equilibrium model which links trade in NZ with the main trading countries overseas, through to production and associated environmental consequences . This paper reports on research expanding the model to include forestry from incorporating the capabilities of the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) into the LTEM and hence producing an integrated model of agricultural and forestry land-uses for NZ and overseas. The paper extends the environmental modelling capabilities of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91947

Market Power and/or Cost Efficiency in ITQ Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cleary,   Rebecca; Grainger,   Corbett; Zipp,   Katherine Y.
AAEA 2011 Selected Poster
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103465

Where is it Cheapest to Cut Carbon Emissions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.; Lambie,   Neil Ross.
The relative cost of carbon emissions reductions across regions depends on whether we measure cost by marginal or total cost, private or economy-wide cost, and using market or purchasing power parity exchange rates. If all countries are on the same marginal carbon abatement cost curve then lower marginal costs of abatement are associated with higher energy intensities and higher total costs of abatement in achieving proportional cuts in emissions, equal emissions per capita, or common global carbon price targets. We test this conjecture using the results of the GTEM computable general equilibrium model as presented in the climate change economics review conducted by the Australian Treasury Department. Rankings of countries by costs do differ depending on...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Costs; Developing countries; Computable general equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95058

Long Term Versus Temporary Certified Emission Reductions in Forest Carbon-Sequestration Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galinato,   Gregmar I.; Olanie,   Aaron; Uchida,   Shinsuke; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, forest projects can receive returns for carbon sequestration via two credit instruments: temporary (tCERs) or long-term certified emission reductions (lCERs). This article develops a theoretical model of optimal harvesting strategies that compares private optimal harvest decision under these two instruments. We find that risk neutral landowners are likely to prefer instituting lCERs over tCERs to maximize surplus. A particular type of early harvest penalty implemented under the lCERs is critical in determining the length of rotation intervals and the carbon credit supply. When this penalty is an increasing function of the difference in biomass before and after harvesting across verification...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest rotation; Long term certified emission reductions (lCERs); Carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q54; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60744

Re-considering Agri-Environmental Schemes premiums: the impact of fixed costs in sign-up decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús; Espinosa-Goded,   Maria; Dupraz,   Pierre.
Current EU legislation states that premiums for agri-environmental schemes must be calculated based on forgone profit and additional costs. This approach has been implemented for the last decades without much success in farmer uptake, a situation that might even worsen as the 20% additional payment as incentive for participation has been excluded in the new EU Rural Development Framework 2007-2013. This paper tries to explain why supply side estimated premiums might not suffice to assure farm profitability investigating the role that fixed costs have on adoption. A farm profit maximizing model is proposed where fixed and transaction costs are split from variations in marginal profit. This model is then developed to identify the potential barriers to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Fixed costs; Adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43606

Valuing the biodiversity gains from protecting native plant communities from bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp rotundata (DC.) T.Norl.) in New South Wales: application of the defensive expenditure method
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinden,   Jack A.; Downey,   Paul O.; Hester,   Susan M.; Cacho,   Oscar J.
Valuation of the gains from protection of biodiversity is difficult because the services that provide the benefits do not normally pass through markets where prices can form. But the services sometimes pass through markets where consumers or producers behave in a market-oriented manner, and so the values implicit in this behaviour can be identified and derived. Estimates of the benefits of biodiversity protection are derived from the costs of protecting native plant communities from a major weed in Australia, by following this approach. In 1999, invasion of coastal areas of New South Wales by bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (DC.) T. Norl.) was listed as a key process threatening native plants under the NSW Threatened Species...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bitou bush; Chrysanthemoides monilifera; Threat abatement plan; Valuation of biodiversity; Benefit-cost analysis; Weed control; Defensive-expenditure method; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5988

VALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN LIVESTOCK REGIONS: AN APPLICATION TO RURAL WATERSHEDS IN IOWA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.; Otto,   Daniel M.; Holtkamp,   Janice.
This paper investigates rural residents' perceptions of the risk to water quality from large confinement facilities and their willingness to pay to delay nitrate contamination from these facilities.  Rural residents are concerned about the environmental impact of confinement facilities and are willing to pay as much as $82 annually to delay nitrate contamination in their water for 20 years.  These contingent valuation results are consistent with the result obtained in similar studies that used hedonic valuation methods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Livestock production; Nitrate contamination; Rural development; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15134

A Coasian Approach to Efficient Water Allocation of a Transboundary River
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Willis,   David B.; Baker,   Justin Scott.
The United States and Mexico recently resolved a decade-old water dispute that required Mexico to repay the accumulated water debt within one year. A Coasian analysis estimates the social welfare gains attainable to each country under an alternative debt repayment scheme that allows repayment over a longer time horizon and in a combination of dollars and water, instead of solely in water. Assuming average water supply conditions, under the agreed 1-year repayment contract, U.S. compensation value is 534% greater and Mexico’s compensation cost is 60% less relative to when compensation is paid exclusively in water.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coase; Water allocation; Water compensation; Water markets; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46985

The Production of Biofuels: Welfare and Environmental Consequences for Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The production of biofuels has been supported by many conservationists and environmentalists on the grounds that it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and is a renewable energy substitute for non-renewable fossil fuels, mainly oil. More recently the domestic production of biofuels (and the domestic supply of other forms of alternative energy) have been welcomed by several nations as ways to reduce their oil imports and increase their energy self-sufficiency, as for example, has happened in the United States. India also which is very dependent on oil imports has also begun to produce biofuels in Kerala and elsewhere. However, doubts have been raised about the effectiveness of biofuel use as a means to reduce the accumulation of greenhouse gases and elementary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Conservation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55340

Derivation of Economic and Social Indicators for a Spatial Decision Support System to Evaluate the Impacts of Urban Development on Water Bodies in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batstone,   Chris; Moores,   Jonathon; Semadeni-Davies,   Annette; Green,   Malcolm; Gadd,   Jennifer; Harper,   Sharleen.
There is mounting evidence that urban development in New Zealand has contributed to poor water quality and ecological degradation of coastal and fresh water receiving waters. As a consequence, local governments have identified the need for improved methods to guide decision making to achieve improved outcomes for those receiving waters. This paper reports progress on a research programme to develop a catchmentscale spatial decision-support system (SDSS) that will aid evaluation of the impacts of urban development on attributes such as water and sediment quality; ecosystem health; and economic, social and cultural values. The SDSS aims to express indicators of impacts on these values within a sustainability indexing system in order to allow local...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115349

Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture: Integrated Report and Proceedings of a Workshop, held in Seoul, Korea, May 20-22, 1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture, by Min-Jae Kim; Message of the Executive Secretary, United Nation Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, by Adrianus Moo; Opening Statement, by Sangwoo Park Opening Statement, by Haruo Inagaki; Opening Statement, by Kyuyong Suh; Current Status and Future Tasks in Marginal Upland Agriculture, by Sangwoo Park; Economic Assessment of Selected Management Practices for Efficient Use of Saline-Sodic Water in Arid and Semiarid Subtropical India, by Mahander Singh; Irrigated Ecosystem in India - Sustainability Issues, by R. L. Yadav; Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture of Mawlasnai, Meghalaya;...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marginal farms; Upland areas; Resource management; Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32736

Recreational Fishing and Fishing Policies in the Netherlands and Australia: a Comparative Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurkens,   Ruben R.C.M.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article compares fisheries management, environmental problems and policies of the Netherlands and Australia. From this comparison lessons can be learned for countries that experience economic growth and on increase of leisure activity. In both countries, conflicts between the user groups, e.g. commercial and recreational fishers, are identified and the ways in which policymakers deal with these problems are outlined. Often suggested tools to address these problems are decision-making procedures based on a holistic framework in which economic, sociocultural, political/institutional, ecological aspects are included in the decision framework. Recreational fishing is today often the dominant factor in the resolution of these matters because of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Netherlands fisheries management; Australian fisheries management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48978

Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tol,   Richard S.J.
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix, and emission coefficients. The model is simple enough to be calibrated to observations since 1850. The model is used to project emissions until 2100. Best guess carbon dioxide emissions are in the middle of the IPCC SRES scenarios, but incomes and energy intensities are on the high side, while carbon intensities are on the low side. The confidence interval suggests that the SRES scenarios do not span the range of not-implausible futures. Although the model can be calibrated to reflect structural changes in the economy, it cannot anticipate such changes. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12046

A Case Study of an NGOs Ecotourism Efforts: Findings Based on a Survey of Visitors to its Tropical Nature Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article outlines the efforts of a small NGO, the Mareeba Wetland Foundation, to conserve nature and conduct tourism at its Mareeba Tropical Savanna Wetland Reserve in northern Queensland. It provides background about the establishment of the reserve and its nature and draws on the results from a survey of visitors to this reserve. It provides a socio-economic profile of visitors, their frequency of visits to it and their knowledge of it prior to visiting. This knowledge is found, on the whole, to be poor. The way in which visitors decided to visit the reserve is also considered as are indicators of the economic surplus obtained from visits. Because for most visitors their visit was an experiential good, doubts are raised about the traditional method...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation NGOs; Consumers’ surplus; Ecotourism; Experiential goods; Mareeba Tropical Savanna and Wetland Reserve; Mareeba Wetlands Foundation; National parks; Public economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q2; Q5; L83; H30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93403

The Transfer of Benefit Measures: The Applicability Conditions and the Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stellin,   Giuseppe; Candido,   Alice.
The benefit transfer refers to the use and adaptation of benefit measures obtained for a specific site (study site), to assess the benefits in another site (policy site), for which no original valuation is possible. Relying on relatively simplicity of application, and allowing saving time and money for the implementation, it represents a ‘second best’ solution and a valid alternative to the disregarding environmental economic values. The literature broadly agrees in considering two main approaches to benefit transfer: the transfer of a value or of a benefit function. The choice of the more suitable approach relies on the number of potential primary studies, the similarity degree between the study and the policy sites, on the purposes of the assessment and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit measures; Transfer; Similarity conditions; Validity tests; Transfer error; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6627

The Trees and the Bees: Using Enforcement and Income Projects to Protect Forests and Rural Livelihoods Through Spatial Joint Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albers,   Heidi J.; Robinson,   Elizabeth J.Z.
Forest managers in developing countries enforce extraction restrictions to limit forest degradation. In response, villagers may displace some of their extraction to other forests, which generates “leakage” of degradation. Managers also implement poverty alleviation projects to compensate for lost resource access or to induce conservation. We develop a model of spatial joint production of bees and fuelwood that is based on forest-compatible projects such as beekeeping in Thailand, Tanzania, and Mexico. We demonstrate that managers can better determine the amount and pattern of degradation by choosing the location of both enforcement and the forest-based activity.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Leakage; Spatial; NTFPs; Forest conservation; Livelihoods; Forest degradation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120271

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abel,   Fred H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17328

Agriculture and The Challenge to Reduce Poverty in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazaro,   Evelyne A.; Makindara,   Jeremia R.
The three East African (EA) countries Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda have a population of about 95 million people and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD 34.2 billion. In recent years efforts has been made among the three East African countries, towards forging economic and regional co-operation by establishing the East African Community (EAC). The premise for economic and regional co-operation has been underpinned for the need for a common market and boost regional trade. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to achieve one of the international development objectives of increasing growth to 7% a year that is required to reduce income poverty. One of the challenges that East African countries need to tackle in the face of globalisation is the ability to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52104

Economics of invasive alien species: pre-emptive versus reactive control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heikkila,   Jaakko.
The expanding global economy presents various challenges to production and environmental systems worldwide. Biosecurity provides a framework for managing the risks presented by different types of diseases and species spread by globalisation. One element of biosecurity is protection against invasive alien species (IAS). These are species spread by human actions outside their natural zones of dispersal. IAS present a threat to biological diversity at all levels and may have a negative impact on the goods and services provided by ecosystems. IAS may result in non-production and production costs. The first category includes physical impacts materialising as environmental, health and cultural costs, whereas the second category includes the subsequent economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11865

Comparative Analysis of the Safe Training Performance about Farmers Use Pesticide -Sichuan Province of China as an example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wenting,   Song; Xinhong,   Fu; Deping,   Xiong; Yan,   Wang; Lian,   Huang.
The Ministry of Agriculture of People’s Republic of China put in practice in non-hazardous food production and high-toxicity pesticides elimination, which aim at human, food and environmental safety. To investigate 491 farmers in Sichuan Province, the paper analyzes comparatively training content, fixed-point samples, different areas and training influence. The training content focuses on pesticide purchase, label reading, personal protection, container disposal, sprayer maintenance and sprayer cleaning. The results of SPSS statistical software show that there is a significant difference in 30 fixed-point samples between before and after training, and each index has obvious performance. And the results of component score and comprehensive scores of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Training performance; Farmers; Pesticide; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49973

Fear or greed? Duty or solidarity? Motivations and the development of sociocognitive and moral reasoning: experimental evidences from public-goods provision dilemmas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Leandro Fredrico Ferraz; Braga,   Marcelo Jose.
The paper presents results connecting the participant’s motivations and behaviors in a step-level give some dilemma with the constructs in a selected theory of adult personality systems development including value judgment and moral reasoning.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public-goods; Experimental economics; Psychosocial development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C72; C92; D74.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51339

WHEN PRICES MISS THE MARK: METHODS FOR VALUING ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoehn,   John P.; Walker,   David R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11904

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Modeling the Linkages Using a Partial Equilibrium Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
Global attempts to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may impact on agricultural trade and producer returns, particularly in countries such as New Zealand, where a relatively large proportion of GHG emissions originate from the agricultural sector. This study uses an extended partial equilibrium agricultural trade model to analyze the effects of trade policy liberalization on agricultural production and trade, as well as on GHG emissions. Further analysis combines trade liberalization with GHG mitigation policy in the New Zealand and European dairy sectors, and the effects on producer returns and GHG emissions are predicted. As expected, full trade liberalization in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries enhances...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium trade model; Agricultural production system; Greenhouse gas emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10190

USING CONTINGENT VALUATION WITH RESPONDENT UNCERTAINTY TO ESTIMATE THE COSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS: AN APPLICATION TO CANADIAN LANDOWNERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Using a survey of western Canadian agricultural landowners, we examine the cost and viability of two distinct afforestation options for carbon-uptake purposes.  Responses to two separate, but most-likely related willingness to accept compensation questions are elicited using the contingent valuation method.   Respondents then select the level of certainty with which they believe their responses were given.   This paper provides a framework for estimation of the bivariate model with certainty and a modification of the model to incorporate uncertainty based on Li and Mattson's approach to preference uncertainty.  While highly preliminary results are given for the bivariate model with certainty, applications of both models will be presented at the 2003 AAEA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21906

Modelling cost-effective air pollution abatement: a multi-period linear programming approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hohnen,   Laura; Godden,   David P.; Balding,   Jeremy; Adams,   David L.
Improvements in air quality for some criteria pollutants in Sydney, Wollongong and the Lower Hunter have been achieved, whilst further improvements are required for others.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100559

Burden Sharing and Cohesion Countries in European Climate Policy: The Portuguese Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dessai,   Suraje; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The EU has been a leader in international climate policy. However, due to activities of interest groups, domestic action, an area which the EU has strongly defended, is proving difficult to carry out, particularly for cohesion member states. Although their behaviour resembles free-riding, at least in an international dimension, Cohesion country targets are actually challenging in the face of their economic boom. Portugal accepted limiting its GHGs emissions to a 27% increase up to 2010 whereas current projections lead to doubt that Portugal is capable of achieving its target unless more stringent policies are implemented. Underdeveloped institutional capacities and lack of abatement interests accompanied by the rapid economic and road traffic growth are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26354

IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL OF THE CONVERSION TO ORGANIC FARMING IN SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemeyer,   Katharina; Lombard,   Jan.
The world-wide trend of a growing organic sector is also detectable in South Africa. From 2000 to 2002 the number of farmers who had converted to organic farming in South Africa increased sixfold, and although organic farming still accounts only for a minute percentage of the total number agricultural producers, the increasing importance of this sector is apparent. Based on survey results, information was gathered about organic farmers in South Africa concerning socio-demographic aspects, farming operations, motivations and problems of the conversion process. These results were analysed in the context of possibilities to support the organic farming movement theoretically and practically. With respect to the findings it is recommended that the conversion to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19082

Econometric Analysis of some Trade Issues for Meat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cao,   Kay; Johnson,   Robin.
This paper is based on an econometric model of the New Zealand meat export trade for the period 1990-2003. The model is known as a gravity model because it describes trade flows as being balanced between the respective pull of domestic and importing country size and incomes. The meat trade is characterised by strict hygiene regulations, quota markets and tariff charges in different markets. In addition, meat is not a homogeneous commodity but is characterised by breed, cut and presentation, and differentiated market destinations. An econometric model not only identifies general trends in demand and supply which might already be fairly obvious to the trade preactitioner but it also puts confidence intervals on the economic relationships being observed. We...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97776

THE ENVIRONMENTALLY OPTIMAL TRADING RATIO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woodward,   Richard T.
In the standard economic model of cap and trade policies, the regulator is assumed to place zero value on pollution reductions below the cap.  This paper considers an alternative case, where the policy makers can manipulate the rules of the program to achieve improved environmental performance.  This is achieved by manipulating the trading ratio, the units of pollution credits that are obtained for each unit of pollution reduction.  Using a parsimonious model of a transferable discharge permits program, we identify the environmentally optimal trading ratio that maximizes the environmental gains of trading.  The model suggests an alternative explanation why non-unitary trading ratios are common and is a counterpoint to the cost-minimizing model that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20491

Institutional Options for the Conservation of Biodiversity: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ratinger,   Tomas; Krumalova,   Veronika; Prazan,   Jaroslav.
The paper focuses on changes in property rights and policies regarding interactions between agriculture and nature in the Czech Republic. In the first part the recent situation is reviewed. The institutional and organisational features and their development during the transition and recent years are illustrated by the case study on the White Carpathian protected landscape area. The key issue in conservation in the White Carpathians (as in the number of other marginal areas) is to maintain grassland management at large scale. While environmental policy lacks measures for maintaining grassland management, respective incentives were launched in the frame of agricultural policy, although they do not sufficiently consider environmental concerns. There are two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18888

Economics, Wildlife Tourism and Conservation: Three Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
SUMMARY This report presents the results of an economics component of the National Interdisciplinary Project (NIP) on wildlife tourism in Australia.   Objectives of Study The main objectives of the study were:  • to outline and assess the role that economics can play in the valuation and management of wildlife-based tourism; • to undertake appropriate case studies to highlight the value of economics and its limits in assessing wildlife tourism in each case; • given the importance of nature conservation for sustainable tourism, including for the sustainability of its economic value, take into account relevant environmental issues involved in wildlife tourism; and • to make recommendations on the basis of these studies that will help managers of wildlife...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Valuation and management; Wildlife-based tourism; Nature conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51416

Greenhouse emissions and economic recessions: Did industrial economies “Stay Cool” during the 1930s economic crisis?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giedraitis,   Vincentas Rolandas; Girdenas,   Sarunas; Rovas,   Adomas.
In this historical economic interdisciplinary research we investigate the impact of the 1930s economic crisis and their relationship to global warming. We investigate two consecutive hegemonic powers: the United Kingdom and the United States. Our assumption was that a reduction in demand would lead to a decrease in mean global temperatures during depressions. We find that in fact reduced carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from lowered production does not result in cooling temperatures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Historical economic sociology; Kondratiev wave theory; World-systems analysis; Economic crises; Global climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Development; B23; B52; N50; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95939

THE PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ON A REPRESENTATIVE GRAIN FARM IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION, 1981-89
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peters,   Steven E.; Janke,   Rhonda R.; Johnson,   Dale M.; Hanson,   James C.
A long-term whole-farm analysis compared conventional and low-input farming systems.  Data from a nine-year agronomic study at the Rodale Research Farm, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, were used to analyze profitability, liquidity, solvency, and risk on a representative commercial grain farm.  Conventional and low-input farms participating in government programs are the most profitable scenarios, followed by conventional and low-input farms not participating in government programs.  All farms increased their net worth.  The low-input approach is advantageous for risk-averse farmers using a safety-first criterion.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29033

Hyperbolic discounting in analyzing investment in groundwater irrigation in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Rashmi,   N.; Chandrashekar,   H.; Nagaraj,   N.
Researchers are often confronted with the choice of discount rate as well as the method of discounting for estimating the amortized cost of long-term investment in agriculture including groundwater irrigation. The obvious choice is to use the opportunity cost of capital, which is the prevailing interest rate of around 9 percent (compounded – exponential basis), charged on longterm agriculture loans. However, using the ‘exponential’ basis does not provide a realistic amortized cost of irrigation as it over estimates the value of investment due to ‘exponential’ basis as demonstrated above. In order to obtain an empirical estimate of this interest rate, using field data from farmers three dry agro-climatic zones of Karnataka (Shamsundar (1996), Sripadmini...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hyperbolic discounting; Groundwater; Exponential; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D9; Q25; M4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43626

Macroeconomic Impacts of Water Use in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinheimer,   Justin; Wheeler-Cook,   Erin; Ethridge,   Don E.; Hudson,   Darren.
The recent/current recession provides the opportunity to study the effects of the macroeconomic changes on the agricultural production systems in the Great Plains and trace some of its impacts through the system to changes in primary inputs such water resource use.  Therefore, the objective of the study reported here was to determine the effects of the changes in macroeconomic conditions driven by the 2008 recession on irrigated crop production in a portion of the Southern Great Plains and its impacts on water use. The approach for the study was to: (1) use the 10-year baseline FAPRI projections, based on changes in macroeconomic conditions, of agricultural commodity prices and input costs between the beginning of 2008 and the beginning of 2009, and (2)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ogallala Aquifer; Recession; Macroeconomic; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; E00; Q15; Q30; Q31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56456

Temporal Reliability of Estimates from Contingent Valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Richard T.; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Kopp,   Raymond J.; Krosnick,   Jon A.; Mitchell,   Robert C.; Presser,   Stanley; Ruud,   Paul A.; Smith,   V. Kerry.
In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. This paper focuses on one of these guidelines -- the Panel's call for the "temporal averaging" of willingness-to-pay (WTP) responses obtained from CV surveys as one method for increasing their reliability. The panel suggested: "Time dependent measurement noise should be reduced by averaging across independently drawn samples taken at different points in time. A clear and substantial time...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10580

Economics of controlling invasive species: a stochastic optimisation model for a spatial-dynamic process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.; Polyakov,   Maksym.
Invasive species are significant threats to biodiversity, natural ecosystems and agriculture leading to large worldwide economic and environmental damage. Spread and control of invasive species are stochastic processes with important spatial dimensions. Most economic studies of invasive species control ignore spatial and stochastic aspects. This paper covers this gap in the previous studies by analysing a spatially explicit dynamic process of controlling invasive species in a stochastic setting. We show how stochasticity, spatial location of infestation and control can influence the spread, control efficiency and optimal control strategies. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between economic parameters and stochastic spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial; Dynamics; Invasive; Economics; Stochastic; Optimisation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103325

A Spatial Model of Dolphin Avoidance in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hicks,   Robert L.; Schnier,   Kurt E.
This paper examines the impact of dolphin-safe eco-labeling and how it fundamentally altered the spatial distribution of fishing effort and fishermen's willingness to pay to avoid dolphins.  To do this, a dynamic discrete choice econometric model is applied to the Eastern Tropical Pacific tuna fishery. This econometric approach combines a dynamic programming component with the static discrete site choice model.  This estimator couples the current period projected profits associated with fishing a specific site with the value of all future location choices on the cruise, assuming choices are made optimally.  The key feature of this model is that it recovers behavioral parameters and solves the dynamic programming problem recursively.  The dynamic site...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21290

Effects of No-Tillage Production Practices on Crop Yields as Influenced by Crop and Growing Environment Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toliver,   Dustin K.; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; West,   Tristram O.
This paper evaluated differences between yields of no-tillage compared to conventional or reduced tillage and their associated downside risk. Six crops were evaluated along with how those yields and risks differed by various environmental factors such geographic location, precipitation, soil type and how long the practice had been used.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: No-tillage; Conservation; Conventional tillage; Downside-risk; Yield; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98818

A MULTIPLE ORGANIC POLLUTANT SIMULATION/OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER LOADING TO A RIVERINE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carmichael,   Jeffrey J.
A multiple organic pollutant simulation/optimization model is developed to aid policy analysis of least cost approaches to wastewater management.  Downstream impacts vary non-linearly with pollution loads due to non-linear constituent interactions.  An iterative solution method is necessary.  The model is demonstrated using a case study of the Nitra River Basin in Slovakia.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20995

Measuring the impact of climate change on South African agriculture: The case of sugar-cane growing regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deressa,   T.; Hassan,   Rashid M.; Poonyth,   Daneswar.
This study employed a Ricardian model that captures farmers' adaptation to analyze the impact of climate change on South African Sugarcane production under irrigation and dryland conditions. The study utilized time series data for the period 1977 to 1998 pooled over 11 districts. Results showed that climate change has significant nonlinear impacts on net revenue per hectare of sugarcane in South Africa with higher sensitivity to future increases in temperature than precipitation. Irrigation did not prove to provide an effective option for mitigating climate change damages on sugarcane production in South Africa. The study suggests that adaptation strategies should focus special attention on technologies and management regimes that will enhance sugarcane...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31698

Permanence of Carbon Sequestered in Forests under Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Lewandrowski,   Jan; Sands,   Ronald D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
In this paper we examine the issue of permanence in the context of sequestering carbon through afforestation. We develop a dynamic nested optimal control model of carbon sequestration associated with the decision to afforest a tract of land given there are uncertainties associated with fire and insect/disease hazards.  Conceptually, these potential hazards are similar in that their occurrence at any time t is uncertain and landowners can take specific actions – although generally different actions - in any time period t to reduce the probability of sustaining losses related to them. The hazards differ, however, in that fire represents a large loss in carbon at a moment in time, while insect/disease infestations are more likely to be reflected in a period...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Uncertainty; Optimal control; Hazard function; Forestry; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103565

Competition and Evolution in Economics and Ecology Compared
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial economics; Species interdependence; Industrial evolution; Biological evolution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90506

A Methodological Framework to Design and Assess Food Traceability Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bendaoud,   Mhamed; Lecomte,   Catherine; Yannou,   Bernard.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Food tracing; Food safety; Performance system; Information system; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; L66; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120861

Mitigation versus Adaptation: The Political Economy of Competition Between Climate Policy Strategies and the Consequences for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel.
So far, the dominant paradigm in international climate policy has been mitigation while adaptation has been a low-key issue. However, with LDCs starting to push for adaptation side payments it has recently gained importance. The allocation of funds and the definition of adaptation activities are currently being discussed. The most outstanding difference between mitigation and adaptation is that mitigation activities contribute to a global public good whereas most forms of adaptation are club goods. Technical adapation such as building sea-walls can be distinguished from societal adaptation, e.g. different land-use patterns. Generally, there is a trade-off between mitigation and adaptation strategies as resources for climate policy are limited. The choice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26401

Giving Chance to Indigenous Knowledge In Developing Sustainable Nutrition Improvement Interventions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kondwani,   Charles Nanchukwa.
A study was conducted in Nsanje district in Malawi to find out the potential of locally available resources in coming up with sustainable nutrition interventions. 60% of malnourished children had their nutrition states improved within twelve days of feeding on locally available foods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52213

THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AGRICULTURE: RETHINKING THE RICARDIAN APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Anthony C.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6864

Policy Space for Mexican Maize: Protecting Agro-biodiversity by Promoting Rural Livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Timothy A.
Since the introduction of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, traditional maize farmers in Mexico have faced difficult economic conditions. In barely more than a decade, as many as one million farmers may have abandoned their land under economic pressure from rising imports, low prices for maize and other traditional crops, weak local and regional demand, and large reductions in public sector support for agriculture. The losses are environmental as well as economic. With the loss of traditional maize, there has been a documented loss of the agricultural biodiversity of which these farmers and their ancestors have been stewards for centuries. With maize trade scheduled to be fully liberalized under NAFTA in 2008, many farm groups are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37278

SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURE IN DANUBE BASIN AREA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popovic,   Vesna; Saric,   Radojica; Jovanovic,   Marijana.
Review article
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture; Production systems; Danube basin area; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q 01.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123960

The Effect of the El Nino Southern Oscillation on U.S. Corn Production and Downside Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tack,   Jesse B.; Ubilava,   David.
El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections imply anomalous weather conditions around the globe, causing yield shortages, price changes, and even civil unrests. Extreme ENSO events may cause catastrophic damages to crop yields, thus amplifying downside risk for producers. This study presents a framework for quantifying the effects of climate on crop yield distributions. An empirical application provides estimates of the effect that ENSO events have on the means of U.S. county-level corn yield distributions, as well as the probabilities of catastrophic crop loss. Our findings demonstrate that ENSO events strongly influence these probabilities systematically over large production regions, which has important implications for research and policy...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate; El Nino Southern Oscillation; Maximum Entropy; Risk Management; Yield Distribution; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119785

Fishing for Understanding: A Mixed Logit Model of Freshwater Angler Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beville,   Stephen; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
Freshwater fisheries management requires knowledge of not only the resource but angler preferences and the extent to which preferences vary. This paper reports results from an internet-based stated preference survey of anglers in the North Canterbury region. Discrete choice models are used to investigate how the quality of fishery attributes impact anglers’ selection of fishing sites. The models reveal significant preference heterogeneity between anglers for particular fishing site attributes. Furthermore, anglers’ preference intensities for identical attributes vary between sites. Consequently, efficient allocation of resources entails spatial and social components.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice analysis; Latent class; Mixed logit; Angler heterogeneity; New Zealand recreational trout fisheries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96446

MÖGLICHKEITEN UND GRENZEN DER POLITIKANALYSE ZUR UMSETZUNG DER WASSERRAHMENRICHTLINIE -- ANWENDUNG EINES HYDRO-ÖKONOMISCHEN MODELLVERBUNDES FÜR DAS WESER EINZUGSGEBIET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kreins,   Peter; Heidecke,   Claudia; Goemann,   Horst; Hirt,   Ulrike; Wendland,   Frank.
A3_1
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie; Landwirtschaftliche Einträge in die Gewässer; Hydroökonomische Modellierung; RAUMIS; Kosteneffiziente Maßnahmen; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93938

Carbon markets, transaction costs and bioenergy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.
Payment for carbon sequestration by agriculture and forestry can provide incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. However, a project involving contracts with farmers may face high transaction costs in showing that net emission reductions are real and attributable to the project. This paper presents a model of project participation that includes transaction and abatement costs. A project feasibility frontier (PFF) is derived, which shows the minimum project size that is feasible for any given market price of carbon. The PFF is used to analyse how the design of a climate mitigation program may affect the feasibility of actual projects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Greenhouse Effect; Carbon Sequestration; Agroforestry; Transaction Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6007

Water for rural development:  Background paper on water for rural development prepared for the World Bank
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molden,   David J.; Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Hussain,   Intizar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigation management; Rural development; Water resources development; Small scale systems; Land management; Groundwater; Environment; Health; Water policy; Institutions; Food consumption; Water supply; Water demand; Water allocation; Crop yield; Cereals; Water scarcity; Food production; Food security; Crop production; Population growth; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92777

Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505

Achieving Environmental Objectives Under Reduced Domestic Agricultural Support and Trade Liberalization: An Empirical Application to Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Blandford,   David.
We focus on rice policy reform required for Taiwan's admission to the WTO, and examine the effects, theoretically and empirically, of the re-instrumentation of domestic policy needed to achieve environmental objectives when both positive and negative environmental externalities exist. Policies that treat non-commodity attributes in agriculture as secondary to existing aims, such as income support, are unlikely to result in the desired supplies of environmental goods. Those supplies can be achieved at lower government and social costs using policy instruments to achieve environmental goals directly. Results are relatively insensitive to the social values assigned to environmental goods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO policy reform; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; Rice policy; Agricultural trade policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10201

Bigger is Better: Avoided Deforestation Offsets in the Face of Adverse Selection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Benthem,   Arthur A.; Kerr,   Suzi.
Voluntary opt-in programs to reduce emissions in unregulated sectors or countries have spurred considerable discussion. Since any regulator will make errors in predicting baselines and participants will self-select into the program, adverse selection will reduce efficiency and possibly environmental integrity. In contrast, pure subsidies lead to full participation but require large financial transfers. We present a simple model to analyze this trade-off between adverse selection and infra-marginal transfers. We find that increasing the scale of voluntary programs both improves efficiency and reduces transfers. We show that discounting (paying less than full value for offsets) is inefficient and cannot be used to reduce the fraction of offsets that are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Deforestation; Offsets; Adverse selection; REDD; Climate change policy; Opt-in.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100569

Meta-Functional Transfer of Hedonic Property Values: Application to Great Lakes Areas of Concern
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Braden,   John B.; Feng,   Xia; Freitas,   Luiz; Won,   DooHwan.
This paper explores the use of functional benefits transfer to forecast the effects of waste sites on property values. The results of a meta-analysis of hedonic studies of waste sites are coupled with spatial analysis techniques to produce estimates of the effects of toxic contamination in Areas of Concern (AOCs) in the U.S. Great Lakes. Based on U.S. Census data for median home values, the methods used here suggest that approximately $5.2 billion (2005 dollars) have been lost in residential property values surrounding twenty-three of the AOCs. This compares to estimates that place the cost of remediation of all U.S. AOCs at up to $4.5 billion (2005 dollars). The case study also identifies issues surrounding the use of a meta-analysis with hedonic property...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Benefits transfer; Meta-analysis; Hedonic method; Property values; Great Lakes; Areas of Concern; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59339

Conservation Compliance: The Once and Future Farm Environmental Policy Tool
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zulauf,   Carl R.; Sohngen,   Brent; Hoskinson,   Lindsey; Lines,   Allan E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93707

Discussion: Applications and Innovations in Spatial Econometrics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LeSage,   James P.
These articles provide a discussion of studies presented in a session on spatial econometrics, focusing on the ability of spatial regression models to quantify the magnitude of spatial spillover impacts. Both articles presented argue that a proper modeling of spatial spillovers is required to truly understand the phenomena under study, in one case the impact of climate change on land values (or crop yields) and in the second the role of regional industry composition on regional business establishment growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Lagged variables; Panel data; Spatial spillovers; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; C51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113519

A Statistical Profile of the Pork Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonti-Ankomah,   Samuel.
The agriculture and agri-food sector faces a number of challenges such as rapid technological change, increased competition and changes in consumer requirements. The sector therefore needs to adjust to keep up with the changes and become more competitive. This report provides information about the pork supply chain and highlights the structural changes that have occurred over time in the pork industry. The report uses tables, charts and figures to describe performance indicators and structural changes within the industry and shows that the Canadian pork supply chain is healthy, growing and export-oriented.
Tipo: Dataset
Palavras-chave: Agricultural supply chain; Market demands; Performance indicators; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55302

Preliminary Investigation Into The Benefits From Investments In Environmental Research: Case Studies on Water Clarity/Quality and  The Biological Management of Possums
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cullen,   Ross; Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert,   Gerit; Bicknell,   Kathryn; Meister,   Anton D.; Smallman,   Clive; Su-Wuen,   Ong.
MoRST is performing an evaluation of the funds invested in environmental research. The two case studies discussed in this paper contribute to the ongoing decision-making about this investment. Substantial funds have been invested in both research programmes identified. Because the main benefits associated with research output are environmental, they are difficult to value monetarily. Preliminary analysis suggests that at a discount rate of 6%, annual future benefit flows of $7 - $10 million will justify the water quality/clarity research. The expenditure on possum biocontrol will be justified if the research generates an annual future benefit flow of $20 million.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost benefit analysis; Returns to research; Environmental research; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97788

Regulation of Stock Externalities with Correlated Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
We study a dynamic regulation model where firms' actions contribute to a stock externality. The regulator and firms have asymmetric information about serially correlated abatement costs. With price-based policies such as taxes, or if firms trade quotas efficiently, the regulator learns about the evolution of both stock and costs. This ability to learn about costs is important in determining the ranking of taxes and quotas, and in determining the value of a feedback rather than an open-loop policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Asymmetric information; Learning; Correlated costs; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25077

Abatement Cost Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Selection under a Stringent Climate Policy.  A Dynamic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper investigates the relative economic and environmental outcomes of price versus quantity mechanisms to control GHG emissions when abatement costs are uncertain. In particular, we evaluate the impacts on policy costs, CO2 emissions and energy R&amp;D for a stringent mitigation target of 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent (i.e. 450 for CO2 only) concentrations. The analysis is performed in an optimal growth framework via Monte Carlo simulations of the integrated assessment model WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid). Results indicate that the price instrument stochastically dominates the quantity instrument when a stringent stabilization policy is in place.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Abatement Costs; Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; C6; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6383

Monitoring of compliance in Australian conservation contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crowe,   Bronwyn; White,   Benedict; Pannell,   David J.; Lindner,   Robert K.
Government and non-government conservation agencies have long-term goals and objectives to provide environmental services, such as conserving the biodiversity of Australian native vegetation. In addition to national parks and reserves, private lands are often included in conservation programs to achieve these objectives. Formal contracts are entered into between the private landholder and the conservation agency to provide environmental services, or more commonly to provide inputs that are likely to lead to environmental services. The paper examines the costs and benefits of monitoring these conservation contracts when biodiversity change is stochastic.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Compliance; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5990

Green Technologies for a More Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hrubovcak,   James; Vasavada,   Utpal; Aldy,   Joseph E.
For U.S. agriculture to continue along a sustainable path of economic development, further production increases must be generated by technologies that are both profitable and more environmentally benign. In this context, we assess the role of these green or sustainable technologies in steering agriculture along a more sustainable path. However, the lack of markets for the environmental attributes associated with green technologies can limit their development. In addition, simply making a technology available does not mean it will be adopted. Experience with green technologies such as conservation tillage, integrated pest management, enhanced nutrient management, and precision agriculture demonstrates that even when technologies are profitable, barriers to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Natural capital; Nonrenewable resources; Renewable resources; Environmental services; Green technology; Integrated pest management; Conservation tillage; Enhanced nutrient management; Precision agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33721

A Methodological Approach to the Spatial Aggregation of Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.; Schilizzi,   Steven.
A Choice Modelling (CM) experiment is developed with the purpose of gaining some insight on how to identify the relevant population for the valuation of an environmental asset. The experiment is based on a survey of Perth residents over the values they attach to Kings Park, the largest urban park in Western Australia, 4/5 of which is native bushland. We design the experiment in order to isolate NUVs form UVs so that trade-offs between attributes of the asset imply tradeoffs between Use Values, Non-Use Values and money. One can then estimate the coefficients for each attribute and analyse the effect of distance on patterns of use. Preliminary results are obtained using data from a pre-survey trial of the questionnaire.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57849

THE ECONOMICS OF LAND-ZONING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Renan-Ulrich; Zilberman,   David.
Land-use restrictions are frequently applied to separate polluting from non-polluting activities. In contrast to the existing literature, we incorporate spatial and intertemporal aspects of the problem simultaneously and determine the border of the zones endogenously. The results, based on a two-stage optimization method, show that non-spatially differentiated Pigouvian taxes on the final emissions are able to establish the socially optimal outcome. Second-best instruments alone, such as a spatially differentiated tax on inputs or outputs are not able to support the socially optimal outcome and need to be complemented by land-zoning or land-use taxes. We compare the efficiency of different spatial environmental policies such as land-use taxes or land...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land-use taxes; Zoning; Land allocation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; R52; C61; H23; Q24; R38.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21828

ASSESSING OPT-OUT FORMATS FOR DISCRETE-CHOICE STATED PREFERENCES: RESULTS FROM A SALTWATER ANGLING SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruby,   Melissa C.; Johnson,   F. Reed; Mathews,   Kristy E.
An important methodological issue in stated-preference (SP) experiments is the inclusion and format of an opt-out option.  A split-sample design is used in a saltwater angling SP survey to test how including a "no-trip" option influences attribute salience relative to an option that allows respondents to choose their customary site.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20807

PLANETOR: THE POTENTIAL TO ADAPT IT FOR ITALY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boggia,   Antonio; Klair,   Kevin S.
This paper will discuss some of the results from studying Planetor, a computer program that the Center for Farm Financial Management is working on, to try to use it with Italian farm data, and to test if and how it would be possible to develop an Italian version of the program.  Planetor is a computer program designed to help farmers evaluate the impacts of implementing sustainable farming practices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14224

Trade-offs between Shopping Bags Made of Non-degradable Plastics and Other Materials, Using Latent Class Analysis: The Case of Tianjin, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chan-Halbrendt,   Catherine; Fang,   Di; Yang,   Fang.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: White pollution; Plastic bag ban; Conjoint choice experiment; Willingness to pay; Latent class analysis; China; Degradable plastics; Cloth; Paper; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92561

RANGELAND DEGRADATION IN UGANDA: THE FAILURES AND FUTURE OF PRIVATIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sserunkuuma,   Dick; Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14388

Modeling Pine as a Carbon Sequestering Crop in Arkansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   S. Aaron; Popp,   Michael P.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon Sequestration; Loblolly Pine; Carbon Offset; Carbon Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98787

A Hedonic Price Analysis for the New Zealand Wine Industry: Preliminary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bicknell,   Kathryn; Friesen,   Lana; MacDonald,   Ian.
This paper presents preliminary results from a hedonic price analysis of premium wines in New Zealand over the vintages 1994 – 2003. Implicit prices are presented for a sensory quality rating, as well as wine variety and regional reputation. Results show that the price premium associated with Michael Cooper's five-star quality rating is highly significant and increasing in magnitude over the study period. Trends in regional and varietal preferences are also explored.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing; New Zealand wine; Quality; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98502

MANAGING FORESTS FOR MULTIPLE TRADEOFFS: COMPROMISING ON TIMBER, CARBON AND BIODIVERSITY OBJECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan.
In this paper, we develop a multiple objective, decision-making model that focuses on forest policies that simultaneously achieve carbon uptake and maintenance of ecosystem diversity objectives. Two forest carbon measures are used - a nominal (undiscounted) net carbon uptake as a proxy for long-term carbon sequestration and discounted net carbon uptake that captures the "fast" carbon accumulation aspect. Ecosystem diversity is expressed in terms of desired structures for forest and afforested agricultural land. Economic effects of possible strategies are examined by comparing attainment of these objectives with the net discounted returns from commercial timber harvests and agricultural activities. The tradeoffs between timber and non-timber objectives are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18161

Smallholder marketed surplus and input use under transactions costs: maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arega,   D.A.; Manyong,   Victor M.; Omanya,   G.; Mignouna,   H.D.; Bokanga,   M.; Odhiambo,   George D.
This paper assessed the effects of transactions costs—relative to price and non-price factors—on smallholder marketed surplus and input use in Kenya. A selectivity model was used that accounts not only for the effects of fixed and variable transactions costs but also for the role of assets, technology, and support services in promoting input use and generating a marketable surplus. Output supply and input demand responses to changes in transactions costs and price and non-price factors were estimated and decomposed into market entry and intensity. The results showed that while transactions costs indeed have significant negative effects on market participation, cost-mitigating innovations—such as group marketing—are also emerging to mitigate the costs of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Marketed surplus; Fertilizer use; Transactions cost; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52074

A Global Map of Costal Recreation Values: Results From a Spatially Explicit Based Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The welfare dimension of the recreational services provided by global coastal ecosystems is examined through a meta-analytical regression-based valuation approach.  First, we construct a global, state-of-the-art database of stated and revealed preference estimates on coastal recreation, which includes also the grey literature and with the latest entry updated to February 2010. Second, the profile of each of the 253 observations of our dataset, which correspond to individual value estimates, was further enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (site accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, level of human development), characteristics of the natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, type of ecosystem,  and marine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Built Coastal Environment; Natural Coastal Environment; Ecosystem Service Valuation; Geographic Information Systems; Mapping Ecosystem Values; Marine Biodiversity; Scaling up; Spatial Analysis; Spatial Economic Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; C53; Q26; Q57; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108205

Can a Warmer Climate Save Northern Agriculture?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaasland,   Ivar.
Agriculture at high latitudes is expected to be a main beneficiary of a man-made climate change. A numerical model, using Norway as a case, is employed to analyze the impacts of a warmer climate on northern agriculture. The computations indicate that the current degree of self-sufficiency can be achieved with less budget support and higher economic welfare. However, it may be argued that environmental goods, such as landscape and biodiversity preservation, and rural settlement, are more important than self-sufficiency for northern agriculture. It is demonstrated that, in that case, welfare gains are substantially lower, and can even be negative.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Northern agriculture; Environmental goods; Numerical model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L52; Q18; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24551

Milk, money, muck and metrics: inefficient resource allocation by New Zealand dairy farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ridler,   B.J.; Anderson,   W.J.; Fraser,   P.
Dairy producers have focused on increasing production and ignored the implications this may have on resource allocation efficiency. Averaged comparative figures are used to justify the production message but these cannot distinguish the point at which diminishing profitability from additional inputs will occur. Resource allocation using Linear Programming allows the effects of a simultaneous variation in resources to be revealed. Dairy production profitability is optimised where technical and biological efficiency combine to provide the best economic and coincidentally, environmental outcomes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96492

The environmental feature in consumer purchasing preferences: The case of Genetically Modified foods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez-Entrena,   Macario; Sayadi,   Samir.
Progress in Biotechnology (Gene Revolution) tends to be compared with that of the Green Revolution in the sixties and seventies. This process is developing in a context of increasing concern by the consumers for food safety and environmental conservation, stirring controversy in the scientific community and society about the potential benefits and possible risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this context, the purpose of the present study is to estimate consumer preferences in relation to genetically modified (GM) foods, emphasizing the relative importance of environmental attribute, to develop an understanding of the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified Foods; Consumers’ Preferences; Conjoint Analysis.; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43973

Evaluating the potential contribution of contract auctions to Agri-Environmental Policy efficiency: A simulation model for Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viaggi,   Davide; Raggi,   Meri; Gallerani,   Vittorio.
Auctions are a potentially suitable policy tool for increasing the efficiency of Agri- Environmental Schemes (AES) through an improved allocation of contracts. In theory, through the auction mechanism, farmers have incentives to reveal their compliance costs, helping to reduce information rents and increase policy cost-effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to simulate the potential contribution of auction mechanisms to the efficiency of AES in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). The results show advantages for auctions compared with traditional flat rate payments based on average compliance costs. However, their performance is worse than flat payments based on marginal compliance costs.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Auction; Contract; Agri-Environmental Policy; Information asymmetry; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118671

Sustainability: Can it be Achieved? Is Economics the Bottom Line?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
None
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Globalisation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90512

From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90592

Eco-Labels and International Trade in Textiles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
This paper provides a formal analysis of the welfare and trade implications of eco-labeling schemes. A simple model of vertical (quality) differentiation captures major stylized features of the textiles market in which trading takes place between an industrialized North (domestic) and a developing South (foreign). The paper investigates several labeling scenarios (labeling by North, labeling by both North and South, and harmonization). A labeling scheme in the North without the South's participation is detrimental to both the North's and the South's producers of conventional textiles. In aggregate, the North's textiles industry benefits from the introduction of the label. If the South creates its own label, it regains market share in aggregate, but at the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Textiles markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18492

POLICY CAPTURING USING DECISION TREES: AN ANALYSIS OF EPA RULE-MAKING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharyya,   Aparajita Molly.
A major task of economics and policy economics is to explain the pattern of government behavior in its interventions in the economy. This paper introduces the use of the Decision Tree methodology to help capture policy making behavior and provide extended insights into the decision making process. Decision Tree is a flexible, non-parametric, data-driven procedure which has been in use since the early 1970's, both as a classification and as a prediction tool; its use in economics has so far been rare, and in modeling regulatory agency behavior in decision-making has been virtually non-existent.  Use of this approach not only reveals the significant conditions driving a phenomenon, but also provides a ranking of the conditions - information not readily...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Policy Analysis; CART; Decision Tree; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21601

Conversion to Organic Farming in Mainland Portugal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costa,   Leonardo; Sottomayor,   Miguel; Ribeiro,   Ricardo.
The objectives of the research were: i) to assess the in-conversion period as a barrier impeding farms conversion to organic; ii) to assess the potential of conversion-grade markets in removing this barrier; iii) to identify other barriers (drives) along the food chain impeding (easing) farms conversion in mainland Portugal. Results show that the in-conversion period is not the major barrier to conversion nor is a good idea the set-up of conversion grade markets to help Portuguese farms' conversion. Conversion feasibility depends of the organic market premium prices, in intensive farms, and of the CAP organic agri-environmental area payments, in extensive farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conversion; Conversion grade markets; Market premium prices; CAP payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24490

People versus planners: Social Preferences for Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobes,   Leo.
Adaptation of natural and human systems to climate change is receiving increased attention. The academic literature covers a wide spectrum of perspectives.  Policy considerations, on the other hand, are largely driven by techno-scientific considerations. In particular, these include a risk-management approach. Climate change, however, is inherently uncertain – because the risks cannot be quantified, conventional risk-management approaches are inappropriate.    The ‘real options’ economic theory is used for least-cost adaptation strategies.  Identifying individuals’ preferences and priorities is a necessary pre-condition for estimating the benefits of adaptation strategies. Yet little has been done in this area.    As a first step towards estimating...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94890

Cost Analysis of Alternative Harvest, Storage and Transportation Methods for Delivering Switchgrass to a Biorefinery from the Farmers’ perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Chenguang; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.
Switchgrass for bioenergy production will require substantial storage. This study evaluated costs of alternative baling and on-farm storage systems. Rectangular bales minimize cost if switchgrass is processed immediately after harvest. However, round bales minimize cost if switchgrass is stored under cover for 200 days before transporting to the biorefinery
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Switchgrass; Baling; Storage; Transport; Costs; Farm; Biorefinery; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46812

Incentives for Spatially Coordinated Land Conservation: A Conditional Agglomeration Bonus
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grout,   Cyrus A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92818

Short term effects of moderate carbon prices on land use in the New Zealand emissions trading system: LURNZ-climate land use change simulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Zhang,   Wei; Power,   William.
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) was introduced through the Climate Change Response Act in September 2008 and remains in force. The forestry sector has been directly affected by the NZ ETS since 1 January 2008 and stationary energy, liquid fuels and industrial emissions have been affected since 1 July 2010. When it is fully implemented in 2015 it will cover all sources and gases including agricultural emissions. Using the Land Use in Rural New Zealand model (LURNZ), we simulate rural land use changes that could be driven by the NZETS in order that we can explore their potential implications for emissions and removals (sequestration) and rural incomes and land values. This paper documents our simulation methods and presents short term (up...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96941

ADOPTION OF CARBON-SEQUESTERING PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND RISK-AVERSE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Pinto,   Alessandro; Robertson,   Richard D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91272

VALUING RISK-REDUCING INTERVENTIONS WITH HEDONIC MODELS: THE CASE OF EROSION PROTECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.; Keeler,   Andrew G.; Kriesel,   Warren.
This article extends the literature on economic valuation of public interventions that reduce environmental risk. We consider the case where risk-reducing interventions have different characteristics than the risk proxies used in hedonic regressions. We then demonstrate the importance of these considerations by reexamining an existing analysis of shoreline protection where we estimate risk using a latent variables model. The results show substantially different and arguably more plausible results.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31001

Project-Based Mechanisms for Emissions Reductions: Balancing Trade-offs with Baselines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baselines; Asymmetric information; Offsets; Emissions reduction; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10836

DESIGNING GREEN PROGRAMS TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES: A MECHANISM DESIGN APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Klonsky,   Karen.
We evaluate the optimal design of programs to encourage the production of environmental amenities in agriculture using a mechanism design approach.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20702

Australian tree species selection in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McKenney,   Daniel W.
The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), through collaborative projects with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia, and the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), has been involved in tree species selection trials in southern China since 1984. The trials were aimed at identifying fast-growing species of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Casuarina. The Chinese have been planting Australian tree species for more than 100 years, but before the ACIAR project there had been little progress in determining which species and provenances would be best for the local climate and soils. This paper presents an assessment of the economic impact of research undertaken under two ACIAR-supported projects....
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: China; Australia; CSIRO; Tree; Eucalyptus; Casuarina; Acacia; Plantation; Forestry; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47500

The European Emission Trading Scheme and Renewable Energy Policies: Credible Targets for Incredible Results?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borghesi,   Simone.
This paper discusses the merits and limits of the recent European energy policy aimed at reducing carbon emissions, devoting particular attention to the European Trading System of carbon permits and to the measures that the European Union has adopted to promote renewable energy sources. From the comparison of past goals and present results, it is argued that more credible targets for carbon emission reductions and renewable shares would probably help the transition towards an alternative energy system and the necessary reduction of greenhouse gases.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Sustainable Development; Climate Change; Fossil Fuels; Energy Policy; European Union; European Trading System (ETS); Cap-And-Trade; Renewable Energy Sources; Credibility; Environmental Economics and Policy; L11; Q28; Q38; Q42; Q43; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98099

The Environmental Impacts of Subsidized Crop Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.; Shimshack,   Jay P.; Wu,   Steven Y.
A partial equilibrium model of stochastic crop production is used to analyze the environmental impacts of popular subsidized crop insurance programs. Land use is unchanged only when an actuarially fair, perfectly separating insurance contract is offered. For the more typical pooling equilibrium contracts, however, land with a minimum quality that is strictly lower than the minimum quality without insurance will be added to production. In such cases, the environment will be adversely effected. If economically marginal land is also environmentally marginal, pooling crop insurance policies disproportionately contribute to the degradation of the environment. Popular subsidies merely exacerbate the problem.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25082

Stabilization of Upland Agriculture under El Nino-Induced Climatic Risk: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures in the Philippines.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monsalud,   Florentino C.; Montesur,   Jaime G.; Abucay,   Edwin R.
This study focuses on the impacts of El Nino induced abnormal weather on agricultural productivity in rainfed areas and on the coping mechanisms and risk management strategies from the national down to the household level. This study was conducted to: a) Determine the impacts of El Nino-related abnormal weather changes on production of selected crops; b) Document and analyze the existing conditions on rainfed farming systems, resources, infrastructure, institutions, and other socio-economic characteristics associated with El Nino vulnerable areas; c) Review existing policies related to El Nino; d) Draw up recommendations for the stabilization of rainfed agricultural production. The major sources of data were reports of studies related to El Nino, on-farm...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Plant production; Rain fed farming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32690

HOW CHINA’S FARMERS ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Jinxia; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Dinar,   Ariel; Huang,   Jikun.
This paper examines how farmers have adapted to the current range of climates across China.  A cross sectional method is used to analyze irrigation choice and crop choice across 8,405 farmers in 28 provinces in China.  We find that both irrigation and crop choice decisions are climate sensitive. Chinese farmers are more likely to irrigate when facing lower temperatures and less precipitation.  Farmers in warmer places are more likely to choose oil crops, maize, and especially cotton and wheat, and are less likely to choose vegetables, potatoes, sugar and especially rice and soybeans.  In wetter locations, farmers are more likely to choose soybeans, oil crops, sugar, vegetables, cotton and especially rice, and they are less likely to choose potato, wheat...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Adaptation; Irrigation Choice; Crop Choice; China; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51803

Variation in Environmental Regulations in California and Effects on Dairy Location
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sneeringer,   Stacy E.; Hogle,   Regina.
In recent decades, urban encroachment and increasing environmental regulation have impacted California’s dairy industry. A complicated set of environmental legislation affects dairies in the state, and can differ depending on location, creating the possibility for within-state pollution havens. This article details the regional, state, and federal environmental regulation of California’s dairy industry, and examines data to see if it matches a hypothesis of regulation affecting dairy location. Using county-year data, we show evidence of changing dairy location within the state matching times of local legislative action. The Central Valley gained production, while the more regulated and urban-affected Los Angeles area lost. Large dairies have increased by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pollution haven; California; Dairy; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45667

QUANTIFYING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFFS OF INSTREAM FLOW REQUIREMENTS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN STEWART-HAGAN AND STEWART CROP YIELD RELATIONSHIPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grove,   Bennie; Oosthuizen,   L.K.
Chance constrained mathematical programming was used to compare the effects of two different crop yield relationships on the economic cost to irrigation farmers while maintaining an instream flow requirement. Results showed that the Stewart-Hagan programming model underestimated the economic cost and overestimated potential return flows. Water policies based on this model will lead to the implementation of socially unacceptable water allocation policies that may even apply more pressure on stream flows. Meaningful water policies could only be advanced by a thorough understanding of the economic and hydrological consequences of alternative water allocation policies through the integration of economic and hydrological models at catchment level.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54890

The Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Productivity, Costs, and Returns of U.S. Dairy Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Climate change could affect the costs and returns of livestock production by altering the thermal environment of animals thereby affecting animal health, reproduction, and the efficiency by which livestock convert feed into retained products (especially meat and milk).  In the United States, concentrated livestock operations are located in a variety of climatic regions, suggesting that the industry could adapt to future changes in temperature and weather patterns resulting from global warming.   However, this adaption could be costly.  We use nationally representative data on dairy producers coupled with finely-scaled climate data to empirically examine how producers’ costs, returns, and production systems vary across U.S. regions as a function of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Dairy; Temperature humidity index; Economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q5.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103461

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors - the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&amp;D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10621

Rewarding Farm Practices versus Environmental Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinberg,   Marca; Claassen,   Roger.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. The particular issue examined here is whether to pay for conservation practices or to link payments to environmental performance.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34087

Environmental regulation and international trade patterns for agro-industrial under a South-North Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feix,   Rodrigo Daniel; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de; Barros,   Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo.
This paper aims at examining the relation between the international trade and the environment, particularly focused on sensitive agribusiness sectors. It consists on an empirical test to the conflicting positions supported by economists, some following the traditional approach (trade-off or neoclassical), while others supporting the Porter’s hypothesis, which considers that impacts of the stricter environmental regulation can benefit the trade competitiveness. A Heckscher-Ohlin- Vanek model was applied to net exports as the dependent variable. The agricultural products analyzed were total agriculture, rice, maize, soybean, wheat, dairy and swine; run for 97 countries, divided as developing and developed, in a cross-section approach. This modeling allows...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulation; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44329

Greening Income Support and Supporting Green
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. In particular, this Brief focuses on potential tradeoffs in combining income support and environmental objectives in a single program.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34097

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AS A VEHICLE FOR ADAPTING TO GLOBAL WARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Randhir,   Timothy O.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Meetings San Diego, CA, December 14-16, 1997 and at the First Annual Conference in Global Economic Analysis, Purdue University, June 1998.  This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies.  We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28698

An Economic Valuation of Pollination Services in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barfield,   Ashley; Bergstrom,   John C.; Ferreira,   Susana.
The production of many crops depends on biotic pollination. As pollinator populations decline, assessments of the potential consequential loss of economic value are critical. We estimate the economic value of pollination services ($608 million), crop vulnerability ratio (21 percent), and pollination’s contribution to agricultural production value (5 percent) for Georgia.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollination; Colony Collapse Disorder; Georgia; Bioeconomic; Value; Vulnerability; Ecosystem Services; Crops; Honeybees; Pollinators; Pollination Dependency; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119780

ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTS IN THE 1995 FARM BILL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Katherine R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17497

Guide to the Ex-Ante Socio-Economic Evaluation of Marine Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin; Akter,   Sonia; Kompas,   Tom.
Marine protected areas (MPA) potentially offer a wide range of use and non-use benefits. These include critical habitat protection, conservation of marine biodiversity, recovery of threatened and endangered marine species, and increased biomass of targeted marine species.   To assess whether such benefits exceed the potential costs, we provide the first-ever comprehensive ex-ante, socio-economic guide to MPA evaluation. Our framework shows how to quantify four key values of MPAs: consumptive, non-consumptive, indirect, and non-use values. The framework also shows how to use decision tools to determine the desirability of establishing MPAs. Overall, the guide offers the promise of improved information and better decision making for marine protected areas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marine protected areas; Use value; Non-use value; Benefit-cost analysis.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94827

The Algal Bloom Problem In Australian Waterways: an Economic Appraisal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herath,   Gamini.
This paper discusses algal blooms in waterways from an externality perspective. Algal activity is directly related to phosphorus intake, but this can vary by season and by degree of dilution. Policy alternatives, including property rights, taxes, tradeable permits and water pricing are discussed. Issues relating to detergent control and technological approaches are presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12471

Waikato warm home study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Yvonne; Scarpa,   Riccardo.
New Zealand houses are cold, damp, and poorly insulated by international standards. Our substandard housing stock has negative effects on health, quality of life, productivity, winter air quality, energy use and transmission. Investment in home energy efficiency is below the socially optimal level due to information asymmetries, bounded rationality and to some degree, non-excludability. Uptake of government grants for insulation has been very low in some communities, especially by owners of private rental properties. This study examines consumer preferences and perceptions of home energy efficiency technologies for residents of the Waikato region. We use a choice experiment approach to determine willingness to pay by owner-occupiers, landlords and tenants....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96494

Valuation of environmental impacts of the Rural Development Program - A hedonic model with application of GIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liljenstolpe,   Carolina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114383

Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Water Conservation Policies in a Depleting Aquifer: A Dynamic Analysis of the Kansas High Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Ya; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
This research analyzes two groundwater conservation policies in the Kansas High Plains located within the Ogallala aquifer: 1) cost-share assistance to increase irrigation efficiency; and 2) incentive payments to convert irrigated crop production to dryland crop production. To compare the cost-effectiveness of these two policies, a dynamic model simulated a representative irrigator’s optimal technology choice, crop selection, and irrigation water use over time. The results suggest that the overall water-saving effectiveness can be improved when different policy tools are considered under different conditions. High prevailing crop prices greatly reduce irrigators’ incentive to give up irrigation and therefore cause low enrollment and ineffectiveness of the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cost-share program; Incentive payments; Ogallala aquifer; Dynamic optimization; Groundwater conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123781

Optimal control of a stochastic biological invasion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chalak,   Morteza; Pannell,   David J.
Although there have been numerous studies on the economics of weed control, relatively few of these studies have focused on natural ecosystems. The aims of this papers are: A) to identify the combination of control options that is optimal for blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans) in Australian natural ecosystems, B) to assess whether an integrated control strategy is superior to chemical-only strategies, C) to evaluate the economic net benefits of specific biologically oriented control methods (a rust and grazing by goats), D) to determine how changes in model parameters affect the optimal control strategy. To address these aims, a stochastic dynamic simulation model and a stochastic dynamic programming model are developed. The results indicate that, while an...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economics; Weed; Stochastic; Optimisation; Management; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124373

Environmentalists' Behaviour and Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canton,   Joan.
In this partial equilibrium and static model, the impact of environmentalism on two countries' environmental policies is presented. First, the only (indirect) way environmentalists influence the choice of pollution taxes is through a negative term in the welfare function in Home. It is defined as passive environmentalism (PE). Second, this article is a first attempt to consider domestic environmentalists lobbying a foreign government. It is defined as active environmentalism (AE). Our contribution is threefold. We emphasize first that the way environmentalists act is paramount to study the consequences of their actions. Passive or active environmentalisms have very different impacts on environmental policies. Second, we show that lobbying activities can be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmentalism; Lobby Groups; Positive Environmental Economics; Strategic Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; D72.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54303

Does Politics Matter in EPA's Monitoring Activities? Evidence from Facility Level Data on Enforcement of Clean Air Laws
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Innes,   Robert; Mitra,   Arnab.
This paper studies the potential effects of political pressure on environmental law enforcement in the Unites States. Prior work, most notably the key works of Deily and Gray, document the sensitivity of U.S. environmental enforcement to economic circumstances of regulated firms. However, the sensitivity of environmental enforcement may be motivated not only by cost-benefit criterion (economic costs of environmental enforcement against troubled firms in high unemployment areas are high) but also by political considerations, and most likely both. We are interested in identifying whether political influence directly affected environmental enforcement during the years 1990-2005, which cover most part of the Bush and Clinton administrations. Using political,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6128

Petroleum Industry's Economic Contribution to North Dakota in 2009 - Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99258

Weather Derivatives as an Instrument to Hedge Against the Risk of High Energy Cost in Greenhouse Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berg,   Ernst; Schmitz,   Bernhard; Starp,   Michael.
In many areas agriculture is exposed to weather related risks. Weather derivatives that get more and more in the focus of interest can reduce these risks. In this study we develop a temperature based weather derivative and analyse how it can reduce the weather-related energy cost risk in greenhouse production. We base this study on a temperature index whose stochastic characteristics are analysed. Finally we simulate the heating demand for energy of a horticultural firm.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C22; D8; Q14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25629

Policy Instruments for Climate Change: How Can National Governments Address a Global Problem?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
There continues to be great debate about the desirability of taking actions to limit carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions, but it is important to consider policy instruments that can be employed to meet targets that may eventually be forthcoming. The theoretical advantages of market-based instruments, such as carbon taxes and systems of tradable carbon rights, are striking. In the U.S. domestic context, grandfathered tradable permits will probably be the preferred approach (if any) in the short run, although revenueneutral carbon taxes will hold greater promise in the long run. In the international context, a system of international tradable permits could provide important advantages over alternative approaches, but it is difficult to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global climate change; Policy instruments; Political and institutional barriers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q4.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10757

Water communities in the Republic of Macedonia: an empirical analysis of membership satisfaction and payment behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gorton,   Matthew; Sauer,   Johannes; Peshevski,   Mile; Bosev,   Dane; Shekerinov,   Darko; Quarrie,   Steve.
Utilizing primary survey data, we investigate the performance of Water Communities (WCs), a form of self-managing organisation for irrigation, in the Bregalnica region of the Republic of Macedonia. While their introduction improved cost recovery, only modest changes occurred in the cost of irrigation water and many farmers remain indifferent to the WCs. Econometric analysis focuses on the decision of farmers to join a WC, determinants of farmers’ satisfaction with WCs and factors associated with changes in payment behaviour. Key determinants identified include transparency and trust regarding the conduct of WCs, cost recovery rates, farm size and irrigation costs. Membership satisfaction is an important determinant of payment behaviour.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Self-management; Water User Associations; Macedonia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; O17; P25; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51030

MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCES: ECONOMICS, INDICATORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES IN A COSTA RICAN WATERSHED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Chakravorty,   Ujjayant; Dixon,   John; Celis,   Rafael.
The worsening degradation of natural resources urgently requires the adoption of more sustainable management practices. This need has led to growing interest and investment in monitoring systems for tracking the condition of natural resources. Although grounded in concepts of sustainability, the application of monitoring systems has progressed little beyond the identification and measurement of large numbers of potentially interesting indicators. Most monitoring activities are also passive and do not lead to the changes needed to rectify the problems they identify. Too often monitoring becomes an end in itself and an expensive claim on public funds. This study is concerned with the design of monitoring systems that have direct relevance for the management...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16119

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ARE WE READY? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15350

Importance of Sustainability on Agriculture in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louw,   Andre; Ndanga,   Leah Z.B.
This paper seeks to describe and discuss the impact that climate changes, and other challenges in terms of sustainability, have had on Africa and particularly on South Africa. It seeks to discuss the extent to which these changes directly and indirectly impact agriculture and the measures that are currently underway, with particular reference to South Africa, as well as suggest other strategies that could be implemented to attenuate the effects of climate change, thereby advancing the global shift towards sustainability. The paper discusses environmental and other changes that have taken place in Africa and asserts that the continent is in a particularly difficult situation in light of the debate on sustainability versus productivity. The fact that most of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture; South Africa; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96810

Enforcing 'Self-Enforcing' International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEvoy,   David M.; Stranlund,   John K.
Theoretical analyses of international environmental agreements (IEAs) have typically employed the concept of self-enforcing agreements to predict the number of parties to such an agreement. The term self-enforcing, however, is a bit misleading. The concept refers to the stability of cooperative agreements, not to enforcing these agreements once they are in place.   Most analyses of IEAs simply ignore the issue of enforcing compliance. In this paper we analyze a static IEA game in which parties to an agreement finance an independent enforcement body with the power to monitor the parties'’ compliance to the terms of an IEA and impose penalties in cases of noncompliance. This approach is broadly consistent with the enforcement mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21403

MEASUREMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH INCORPORATING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: A NUTRIENTS BALANCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoang,   Viet-Ngu; Coelli,   Tim J.
This paper develops a new measure of total factor productivity growth in agricultural production which incorporates environmental effects. The new measure is called the Total Factor Nutrient-Orientated Productivity (TFNP) Index, and incorporates a materials balance condition. TFNP measures changes in nutrient-orientated efficiency and can be decomposed into efficiency change (EC), technological change (TC) and nutrient-orientated technological change (NTC) components. An empirical analysis, involving country-level data from OECD countries during 1990-2003, is provided using DEA methods. Estimates of mean technical and nutrient-orientated efficiency are 0.798 and 0.526, respectively. Estimated mean TFNP growth is 1.5% per year, with nutrient-orientated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Environment; Nutrient balance; DEA; Productivity Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47636

Assessing the costs of measuring biodiversity: methodological and empirical issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Targetti,   Stefano; Viaggi,   Davide; Cuming,   David; Sarthou,   J.P.; Choisis,   J.P.
Organic and low-input farming practices are considered keystones for the conservation of biodiversity in semi-natural systems. Accordingly, attention to the assessment of the benefits stemming from these activities is increasing in order to provide a solid base for the adoption of agro-environmental incentives and to support their monitoring and evaluation. The evaluation of the positive effects of organic and low-input farming activities on biodiversity is limited mainly by: the difficulty in proposing simple and widely-applicable indicators of biodiversity, and the substantial lack of data concerning the costs of measuring biodiversity - an essential element for a cost-effectiveness analysis. Moreover, the limited scientific literature available is based...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity measurement; Research costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109414

Should We Invest in Biofuels?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wetzstein,   Michael E.
The real advantage of receiving a Southern Agricultural Economics Association Lifetime Achievement award is the ability to make this presentation and have it published without having to deal with editors and referees. This provides a certain license of freedom to abstract outside the box without being constrained by your peers. So in this vein, consider the following myths and predictions concerning biofuels. These myths are generally consistent with the Grunwald’s (2009) seven myths about alternative energy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternative energy; Biofuels; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92610

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe für den Energiesektor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeddies,   Jurgen.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97447

A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langham,   Max R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30494

Pastoral Farmer Goals and Intensification Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Small,   Bruce; Murphy-McIntosh,   Andrea; Waters,   Warwick; Tarbotton,   Ian S.; Botha,   Neels.
Focus groups were held with four pastoral sectors (sheep, dairy, deer, and beef) to investigate intensification strategies available to each sector. Focus groups first identified drivers of intensification in their sector, then identified the strategies they perceived as available, and evaluated the identified strategies in terms of favourability. For a researcher selected intensification strategy in each pastoral sector, benefits, barriers and solutions, and the relationship between farmer goals and the selected strategy was examined. The three main drivers of intensification in the sheep industry were profit, higher land values and return on capital. The researcher chosen strategy, high fecundity sheep, was viewed by the focus group as having benefits of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98513

Effects of Forestland Ownership Conversion on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of South Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Kim,   Hee Ho; Roberts,   Roland K.; Kim,   Seung Gyu; Lee,   Daegoon.
This research analyzed the effects of forestland conversion from private to public ownership on greenhouse gas emissions by quantifying the relationship between forestland ownership conversion and deforestation, and then examining the effects of the change in deforestation on greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. Ex ante simulations forecast greenhouse gas emissions resulting from deforestation rates under the current level of national forestland and three scenarios of increased percentages of national forestland. The findings suggest that increasing the percentage of national forestland would mitigate the increase in the deforestation rate, which in turn would moderate the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Forestland Ownership; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103714

Institutional management of greenhouse gas emissions: How much does 'green' reputation matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komarek,   Timothy M.; Lupi,   Frank; Kaplowitz,   Michael D.; Thorp,   Laurie.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Green reputation; Conjoint analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q29; Q40; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61408

Uniqueness and Indeterminacy of Equilibria in a Model with Polluting Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bella,   Giovanni.
Is pollution a dirty word? To answer this question we develop an endogenous growth model à la Rebelo (1991) where dirtiness becomes a fundamental choice variable for the economy to grow. Conclusions to our analysis say that a positive sustainable economic growth is attainable only if polluting production activities are taken into account. Moreover, transitional dynamics points out that local stability and uniqueness of equilibria are also achieved.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12039

The Effect of Social Capital on the Choice to Use Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munasib,   Abdul B.A.; Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
We investigate whether social capital in the form of community involvement affects farmers’ choice to use sustainable agricultural practices. Using associational memberships as a measure of community involvement we study its effects on agricultural practices among Georgia farmers. Our findings show that, first, community involvement had a positive effect on the decision to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, and, secondly, it also had a positive effect on the extent to which farmers adopt these practices. These findings establish an additional dimension to the benefits that would accrue to policies that promote social interaction and civic engagement in rural areas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Associational memberships; Community involvement; Social capital; Sustainable agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Z1; Q16; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104619

UNWANTED AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES: STATE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centner,   Terence J.
Millions of pounds of unwanted pesticides have accumulated in barns throughout our country.  The potential environmental and health risks posed by this situation has garnered public attention and governmental action.  The federal government has revised its Universal Waste Rule so that it is easier to dispose of unwanted pesticides rather than simply banned pesticides.  Nearly every state has initiated efforts to collect and dispose of accumulated pesticides in a safe manner.  While the possession of unwanted pesticides generally is not illegal, producers need to follow requisite legal requirements and dispose of pesticides properly to avoid legal infractions.  To assist producers, the implementation of a permanent apparatus is advised for the disposal of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hazardous waste; Pesticide; Pesticide collection program; Universal waste rule; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16667

Klímaváltozás és élelmezésbiztonság
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biacs,   Peter Akos.
Magyarországon – hosszú távon – fokozatos felmelegedés, a csapadék mennyiségének csökkenése és a szélsőséges időjárási események gyakoriságának, intenzitásának és kártételének növekedése várható. Az alkalmazkodás stratégiája szerint egy melegebb és szárazabb időszakra szükséges felkészíteni a gazdaságot és a lakosságot. A váratlanul jelentkező szélsőséges időjárási események káros hatásainak megelőzésére gyors reagálást biztosító feltételeket indokolt létrehozni szervezési, technikai és szervezeti téren. A várható változások regionális vonatkozásai közül a melegedésben elsősorban hazánk keleti és északnyugati területei dominálnak, míg az ország középső része a legkevésbé, ugyanakkor a csapadékra nehéz regionálisan általános következtetéseket levonni....
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Világélelmezés; Élelmezésbiztonság; Klímaváltozás; Global food supply; The safety of food supply; Climate change; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119933

Analysis of Technological Portfolios for CO2 stabilizations and Effects of Technological Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sano,   Fuminori; Akimoto,   Keigo; Homma,   Takashi; Tomoda,   Toshimasa.
In this study, cost-effective technological options to stabilize CO2 concentrations at 550, 500, and 450 ppmv are evaluated using a world energy systems model of linear programming with a high regional resolution. This model treats technological change endogenously for wind power, photovoltaics, and fuel-cell vehicles, which are technologies of mass production and are considered to follow the “learning by doing” process. Technological changes induced by climate policies are evaluated by maintaining the technological changes at the levels of the base case wherein there is no climate policy. The results achieved through model analyses include 1) cost-effective technological portfolios, including carbon capture and storage, marginal CO2 reduction costs, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12049

Baseline Determination at Government Discretion: Multi-Project Baselines for the First Track of Joint Implementation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Schmitz,   Simon.
The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173

On the optimal design of income support and agri-environmental regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe.
In this paper, we develop a model of regulation for a set of heterogenous farmers whose production yields to environmental externalities. The goal of the regulator is first to offer some income support depending on collective preferences towards income redistribution and second to internalize externalities. The optimal policy is constrained by the information available. We first consider the second best where the regulator is able to observe all individuals decisions in terms of inputs and individual profit, but not the individual farming labor supply. We characterized the generalized transfer in function of the desire to redistribute and the underlying characteristics of the production process. In a second step, we assume that the regulator has only...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Agricultural policy; Agri-environmental policy; Income support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q12; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6246

Some Simulation Results for a Green Insurance Mechanism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baerenklau,   Kenneth A.
This analysis extends previous work on green insurance by proposing a mechanism that offers a stronger adoption incentive and is applicable to heterogeneous populations and non-binary adoption decisions. Endogenous learning about the new technology is incorporated, and empirically calibrated simulation results are presented for the case of reduced-phosphorus dairy diets. Results show that the mechanism has a significant impact on behavior and may incur no net cost for the regulator when an insurance premium is charged. Conditions under which a green payment mechanism may be preferable to green insurance also are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation technology adoption; Dairy farming; Endogenous learning; Green insurance; Phosphorus; Risk preferences; Voluntary programs; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30787

The Value of Disappearing Beaches: A hedonic pricing model with endogenous beach width
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gopalakrishnan,   Sathya; Smith,   Martin D.; Slott,   Jordan M.; Murray,   A. Brad.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beach nourishment; Beach width; Erosion; Hedonic; Non-market valuation; Morpho-economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49261

Abatement Cost Heterogeneity and its Impact on Tradable Nitrogen Discharge Permits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramilan,   Thiagarajah; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.
Nitrogen discharge into the Waikato River has been identified as the primary source of potential water quality degradation. Rising nitrogen levels in water are attributed to non point source pollution from agricultural activities. Pastoral farming is the predominant agricultural land use in the catchment. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use and higher stocking rates have the potential to increase the nitrogen loading into water. There is a range of best management practices and policies proposed to reduce nitrogen discharge from farming systems. Water quality trading is a policy tool that could improve the cost effectiveness of achieving environmental goals. Economic theory suggests that tradable pollution permit systems encourage polluters to reallocate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneity; Tradable discharge permits; Non-point pollution; Marginal abatement cost; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31972

Establishing and managing the environmental water reserve – the interaction between different government policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horne,   Avril; Freebairn,   John W.; O'Donnell,   Erin.
Policy to protect river ecosystems has changed rapidly in Australia and the mechanisms to both establish and manage environmental water are still evolving. Policy has moved from providing a fixed environmental target (albeit varying between years) to one in which the environment can actively participate in the market, with the possibility of better fulfilling variable water requirements. However, the inherent nature of the Sustainable Diversion Limit (SDL), established under the Water Act 2007, is that it represents a fixed allocation to the environment. This paper considers the interaction the new SDL for the Murray Darling Basin and potential issues arising from the interaction with the government buyback initiative. While both the SDL and buyback have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental water; Water markets; Instream flows; Sustainable diversion limits (SDLs); Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100561

Estimating Potential Economic Net Carbon Flux from U.S. Agriculture Using a High Resolution Integrated Socioeconomic-Biogeophysical Model.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellwinckel,   Chad M.; Torre Ugarte,   Daniel de la; West,   Tristram O.; Larson,   James A.; Nelson,   Richard G.; Travis,   John; Brandt,   Craig; Wilson,   Bradley.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9688

Methods for Estimating Economic Damages from Environmental Contamination
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shideler,   David W.; Dicks,   Michael R.
While significant attention has been given to the decrease in property values associated with environmental contamination (i.e., stigma effects), little attention has been given to the stigma impacts on the local community as a whole.  In addition, most estimates of stigma damages have been performed within a community, using distance from contamination or comparing contamination and non contamination areas in the community.  In this article we determine stigma damages by analyzing property values in comparable communities and develop the rationale for estimating the community impact associated with environmental contamination that extends beyond the impact on individual property owners.  These impacts were estimated for the environmental contamination...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental damages; Environmental contamination; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98808

COST OF REQUIRED WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT ON POULTRY PROCESSING PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerns,   Waldon R.; Jones,   Harold B., Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29810

The Empirics of Environmental and Distributional Impacts of Conservation Targeting Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanaka,   Katsuya; Wu,   JunJie.
This study compares the environmental and economic effects of alternative targeting strategies (benefit, cost, and benefit-cost ratio targeting) for reducing nitrate-N water pollution in the Des Moines Watershed in Iowa. The objective is achieved by applying an integrated modeling system to nitrate-N runoff from the Des Moines Watershed. Our integrated modeling system consists of an econometric model and a physically-based hydrologic balance simulation model. The econometric model estimates the opportunity cost of CRP participation is calculated at each parcel. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is then used to simulate the level of nitrate-N runoff at each NRI parcel in the watershed. Our results show that the benefit-cost targeting achieves the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21302

Reducing CO2 Emissions in the Upper Midwest: Technology, Resources, Economics, and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Kathryn A.; Jordan,   Brendan; Keller,   Kenneth H.; Taff,   Steven J.
We develop scenarios for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the electricity sector in the upper Midwest (Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Manitoba) by 80% relative to 1990 levels. The report has three major components: 1) an inventory of CO2 emissions from all fossil fuel combustion in the region from 1960-2001, subdividing by economic sector and specific electricity generating station; 2) an evaluation of all electricity resources in the region and all technologies for utilizing them, taking into account the overall scale of the resource, technology costs, and other issues that influence the selection of a certain technology; and 3) the development of a simulation model to examine the impact of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13507

Regional and Sector Environmental Efficiency Empirical Evidence from Structural Shift-share Analysis of NAMEA data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montini,   Anna.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on regional–national disparities in environmental efficiency, based on case studies of Italy and the Lazio region, which includes the city of Rome. Shift-share analyses provide evidence on the drivers of environmental efficiency and on sector specificity. This confirms the usefulness of this method for studying the environmental economics realm, in order to investigate structural and efficiency factors at the level of within country environmental efficiency performance, even in light of the different shares of services. Our evidence shows that although the Rome region has achieved higher environmental performance compared to Italy mainly thanks to its being less industry based, some critical points in the energy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: NAMEA; Shift Share; Regional Development; RAMEA; Emission Efficiency; Economic Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; C67; D57; O4; O18; Q53; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50360

New Mexicans' Attitudes Toward the Environment, Agriculture and Government
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skaggs,   Rhonda K.; Vanleeuwen,   D.M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23941

The Optimal Length of an Agricultural Carbon Contract
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Sumeet; Vercammen,   James.
In this paper we present the economic determinants of the optimal length of a carbon offset contract. We find that because of a declining capacity of the soil to sequester carbon, the optimal length of the carbon contract is finite (the marginal benefit of remaining in the contract is declining over time, whereas marginal opportunity cost is rising). We also explore the effect of varying key parameter values on the optimal length in the contract. If the contract requires the farmer to sequester at a higher rate, the farmer chooses the contract for a shorter length of time, and this may decrease rather than increase social welfare. If society places a higher value on carbon accumulation, the contract is chosen for a longer length of time. Finally, if both...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset contracts; Greenhouse gas policy; Soil carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q200; Q580.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37027

Plant Species Protection Contracts: Modelling Contract Choice for Specialised Dairy Farms and Mixed Dairy Pig Fattening Farms in the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peerlings,   Jack H.M.; Polman,   Nico B.P.
Proposals of the European Commission stress the future importance of agri-environmental payments within the rural development policy of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss a model for choice for plant species protection contracts in the Netherlands. The model includes transaction costs, time and the possibility of lock-in situations related to contract choice. The approach discussed is flexible because it makes it possible to introduce all kinds of technical and institutional restrictions (differences in contract design).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental contracts; Contract choice; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; L14; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24728

Fallstudie zur Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft in einem benachteiligten Gebiet ohne Ausgleichszula-ge am Beispiel zweier Landkreise im Westharz (Niedersachsen)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitsch,   Marion; Gasmi,   Samy.
Zusammenfassung: Die Fallstudie „Westharz“ bildet die letzte einer Reihe von fünf Studien, die im Rahmen der Evaluierung der Ausgleichszulage für benachteiligte Gebiete entstanden sind. Ziel der Fallstudien war es, die Wirkung der Ausgleichszulage auf verschiedene Bereiche der Landwirtschaft und des ländlichen Raumes in einem für die Gesamtuntersuchung als „typisch“ charakterisierten benachteiligten Gebiet vertieft zu untersuchen. Die ausgewählte Region „Westharz“ steht dabei stellvertretend für eine Mittelgebirgsregion mit der Besonderheit, dass das Land Niedersachsen von 1996 bis 2009 die Ausgleichszulagenzahlung ausgesetzt hat. Entsprechend lag ein Fokus der Studie auf der Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft nach dem Wegfall der Ausgleichszulage. Dazu wurden...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benachteiligte Gebiete; Ausgleichszulage; Fallstudie; Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; 2. Säule; Less Favoured Areas; Compensatory allowance; Case study; Common agricultural policy; Pillar II; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q 18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103255

Environmental policy and wage setting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campo,   Maria Luz.
This paper studies the interaction between the performance of firms and unions and the environmental policy chosen by governments when there is a negative environmental externality from production of a good which only affects the country where the firm is located. I assume that governments choose an upper limit on emissions, unions choose the wage rates and firms choose the employment level. Specifically, I analyze the effect that unionized labor markets have on environmental policy.   Resumen: En este artículo estudiamos el efecto del comportamiento de empresas y trabajadores sobre la política medioambiental, cuando existe contaminación local. Suponemos que el gobierno elige la política medioambiental, basada en un límite sobre las emisiones, mientras que...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Monopoly union model; Emission standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; J30; J51; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28730

Can an Effective Global Climate Treaty Be Based on Sound Science, Rational Economics, and Pragmatic Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) may come into force without U.S. participation, but its effects on climate change will be trivial. At the same time, the economic and scientific consensus points to the need for a credible international approach. A reasonable starting point is the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), which was signed by 161 nations and ratified by 50, including the United States, and entered into force in 1994. In this paper, I remain agnostic on the question of the Kyoto Protocol's viability. Some analysts see the agreement as deeply flawed, while others see it as an acceptable or even excellent first step. But virtually everyone agrees that the Protocol is not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global climate change; Global warming; Policy architecture; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; Q48; Q39.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10720

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: IF IT'S SO GREAT, WHY ISN'T EVERYBODY DOING IT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taff,   Steven J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13357

Practical and Theoretical Underpinnings of INFFER (Investment Framework For Environmental Resources)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.; Roberts,   Anna M.; Park,   Geoff; Curatolo,   April; Marsh,   Sally P.
INFFER (Investment Framework for Environmental Resources) was developed to help investors of public funds to improve the delivery of outcomes from environmental programs. It assists environmental managers to design projects, to select delivery mechanisms, and to rank competing projects on the basis of benefits and costs. The design of INFFER and the activities of the INFFER projects are based on extensive experience of working with environmental managers and policy makers. This experience has highlighted a number of important practical lessons, that have strongly influenced the design and implementation of INFFER. These lessons include the need for simplicity, training and support of users, trusting relationships with users, transparency, flexibility,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59148

Stainability of Cultivated Land in Henan Province Based on Ecological Footprint
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Ying-chao.
This paper summarizes the regional situation of Henan Province of China, and introduces the principle of ecological footprint mode, as well as computing formulas of ecological footprint and ecological capacity. According to the related data of Henan Province from 1998 to 2007, this paper firstly calculates the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological capacity of Henan Province. Result indicates that cultivated land in Henan Province shows ecological surplus with sustainable land use. And ecological surplus has increased since the year 2003. Secondly, dynamic analysis of ecological footprint of arable land is carried out in Henan Province. Thirdly, this paper also studies on the per capita ecological demand and supply in 18 districts and...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological footprint; Cultivated land; Sustainable utilization; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53591

Ecological Afforestation in China: A Market-based Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Jintao; Zhang,   Haipeng; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Wang,   Xuehong; Eigenraam,   Mark.
This article focuses on the program of Ecological Afforestation on barren lands, degraded arable lands, harvested sites and sloped farmland in Sichuan, China. Farmers were given the opportunity to propose afforestation activities for which they would be paid an specified amount. These bids and predictions of the expected environmental benefits to be generated were used to assess the net benefit of each proposal. Most features of the bidding scheme were successfully implemented and improvements in the economic efficiency of the afforestation scheme were observed. The market-based approach is demonstrated to be a practical way forward for Ecological Afforestation in China. The bidding scheme showed savings of approximately 110,000 Yuan when compared to past...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100735

Multi-Stakeholder Sustainability Alliances: A Signaling Theory Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dentoni,   Domenico; Peterson,   H. Christopher.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103978

Sustainability Strategies in U.S. Agribusiness: Understanding Key Drivers, Objectives, and Actions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rankin,   Amber; Gray,   Allan W.; Boehlje,   Michael; Alexander,   Corinne E.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Triple bottom line; Strategy; Stakeholders; Supply chain; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117601

The Convention on Biological Diversity: Opportunities and Constraints for Agricultural Systems in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belcher,   Kenneth W.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, refers to the diversity of life at all levels and the linkages between these different levels (Wilson, 1992). Biodiversity is commonly interpreted at three levels: 1) genetic diversity – the genetic variation provided by species; 2) species diversity – the variety of species within a given area; and 3) ecosystem diversity – the variety of biotic communities and habitats and the diversity within ecosystems at the landscape or regional level. An extensive body of research has shown that biodiversity has intrinsic, ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic value, and that it is essential for the adaptation and evolution of systems and species and for maintaining...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45738

Agrarumweltpolitik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin; Henrichsmeyer,   Wilhelm.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98256

Agri-Environmental Policy and Moral Hazard under Output Price and Production Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David.
Several theoretical and empirical models have been developed to examine how risk aversion affects compliance with agri-environmental schemes under asymmetric information and uncertainty. However, none has examined the case where the level of compliance is a continuous variable and producers face simultaneous monitoring, output price and production uncertainty. Treating conservation effort as a continuous variable, we show that risk aversion can mitigate the moral hazard problem in most cases. However, if conservation effort has a risk-increasing impact on production the effect of risk aversion on compliance is ambiguous.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Uncertainty; Moral hazard; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44323

Integrated Report of the Project "Stabilization of Upland Agriculture and Rural Development in El Nino Vulnerable Countries"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yokoyama,   Shigeki; Concepcion,   Rogelio N.
The study focuses on the impacts of El Nino-induced abnormal weather on agricultural production and the rural economy in upland areas. By focusing on the development of upland agriculture, this study attempts to contribute to the global campaign of sustainable development and poverty alleviation in rural areas. It focuses on five countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. These five countries, all located in the most El Nino vulnerable area of south east Asia and the Pacific, are sufficient for analyzing the impacts.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Upland areas; Rural development; Plant production; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32715

THE COST OF AGRICULTURAL CARBON SAVINGS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schneider,   Uwe A.
Economic impacts of agricultural carbon sequestration involve direct costs ofsequestration management adoption as well as a variety of indirect costs and benefits. The nature and significance of these impacts are discussed. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in agriculture is identified as an influential factor. Techniques to estimate the cost of agricultural carbon sequestration are briefly reviewed and compared. Mathematically programming is used to simulate carbon sequestration in the U.S. agricultural sector and to provide experimental evidence of the existence and magnitude of economic impacts.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18509

The Risk Averting WTP of Visitors to the East Coast of Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shin,   Hio-Jung; Meister,   Anton D.; Choi,   Ik-Chang.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97793

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHEMICAL USE REDUCTION ON THE SOUTH: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaub,   John R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30285

ECOLOGY: CONSUMER VIEWPOINT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behre,   Doris.
The author indicates that consumers are concerned, confused, and caught and pleads for food industry cooperation to attack the problem.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27157

Magyarország régióinak értékelése a bioüzemanyagok kisüzemi előállításának szempontjából
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vida,   Adrienn.
Az elmúlt években több elemzés látott napvilágot azzal kapcsolatban, hogy Magyarország adottságai melyik megújítható energiaforrás hangsúlyozott felhasználására alkalmasak. A korábban jellemző mezőgazdasági túltermelés, klímaváltozás, a fosszilis energiahordozók drasztikus és tartós áremelkedése azonban hazánkban is a bioüzemanyagok irányába terelte a figyelmet. A fokozott érdeklődést indokolja továbbá, hogy a biomassza ilyen irányú felhasználása komplex megoldást kínál nem csupán a fenti problémákra, de a gazdálkodók számára is lehetőséget nyújt az optimális és az életszínvonal emelésére is alkalmas termelési szerkezet kialakítására. A kutatás során a szakirodalomban fellelhető módszertan kiegészítésével és részbeni átalakításával olyan elemzés készült,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bioetanol; Biodízel; BtL; Fenntartható mezőgazdaság; Kisüzemi rendszer.; Bio-ethanol; Bio-diesel; BtL; Sustainable agriculture; Small scale production.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92420

Dairy farm productivity (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCall,   David; Newman,   Matthew.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97614

Conservation of the Proboscis Monkey and the Orangutan in Borneo: Comparative Issues and Economic Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Concentrating on their presence in Borneo, the ecology and conservation of two large Southeast Asian primates, the orangutan Pongo pymaeus and the proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus are reviewed. The former species occurs only in Borneo and Sumatra and the latter only in Borneo. The comparative threats facing these two endangered primates and their approximate numbers in the wild are put into perspective. The long-term survival of both species is adversely affected by the degradation and conversion of their suitable forest habitat by logging and agriculture, the occurrence of hunting, poaching and forest fires. The effectiveness of measures to conserve these species are discussed and evaluated from the standpoint of economics. It is concluded that informed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Proboscis Monkey; Orangutan; Borneo; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55097

Comparison of Approaches to Estimating Demand for Payment for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satimanon,   Monthien; Lupi,   Frank.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61288

Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater: Determinants and Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wick,   Katharina; Heumesser,   Christine; Schmid,   Erwin.
Nitrogen is an important input to agricultural production but also detrimentally affects the environmental quality of air, soil and water. Identifying the determinants of nitrate pollution and in turn defining sensible performance indicators to design, enforce and monitor regulatory policies is therefore of utmost importance. Using data on more than 1000 Austrian municipalities, we provide a detailed econometric analysis of (1) the determinants of nitrate concentration in groundwater, and (2) the predictive abilities of one of the most commonly used agri-environmental indicators, the Nitrogen Balance. We find that the proportion of cropland exerts a positive effect on the nitrate content in groundwater. Additionally, environmental factors such as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate concentration; Groundwater; Nitrogen Balance; Agriculture; Regression analysis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109430

CDM Potential of Dairy Sector in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sirohi,   Smita; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Among the co-operative mechanisms established under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is the only one, which has the potential to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development by promoting environmentally friendly investment from industrialized country governments and businesses. Although, apart from nuclear energy and deforestation avoidance, all other projects are eligible under CDM, so far, the CDM projects have largely been confined to industrial sector and agricultural sector, in general has been left out. To assess the issues and opportunities presented by potential international markets for greenhouse gases offsets through the CDM and facilitate implementation of CDM in India, a National Startegy Study on CDM is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Agriculture; Dairy; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q54; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26281

Desempenho Social no Agronegócio Brasileiro: aplicando DEA no segmento de usinas de processamento de cana de açúcar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macedo,   Marcelo Alvaro da Silva; Cipola,   Fabricio Carvalho; Ferreira,   Francisco Ritter.
A importância das questões sócio-ambientais nas empresas advém da  crescente demanda, por parte da sociedade, de informações a respeito dos impactos que as atividades empresariais exercem sobre os trabalhadores, a comunidade e o meio ambiente. Ou seja, a sociedade passa a cobrar das empresas uma consciência social corporativa, que representa o nível de compromisso com a busca de soluções para os problemas sócio-ambientais existentes. A partir daí as empresas começaram a ter que provar que o seu custo-benefício é positivo, porque agrega valor à economia e à sociedade, porque respeita os direitos humanos de seus colaboradores e, ainda, porque desenvolve todo o seu processo operacional sem agredir o meio ambiente. É neste contexto que se insere este trabalho,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desempenho Sócio-ambiental; Agronegócio; DEA; Social and Environmental Performance; Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118705

Sulfur Dioxide Control by Electric Utilities: What Are the Gains from Trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carlson,   Curtis; Burtraw,   Dallas; Cropper,   Maureen L.; Palmer,   Karen L.
Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) established a market for transferable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission allowances among electric utilities. This market offers firms facing high marginal abatement costs the opportunity to purchase the right to emit SO2 from firms with lower costs, and is expected to yield cost savings compared to a command and control approach to environmental regulation. This paper uses econometrically estimated marginal abatement cost functions for power plants affected by Title IV of the CAAA to evaluate the performance of the SO2 allowance market. Specifically, we investigate whether the much-heralded fall in the cost of abating SO2, compared to original estimates, can be attributed to allowance trading. We demonstrate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Air pollution; Clean Air Act; Title IV; Permit trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10790

Market Equilibrium in the Presence of Green Consumers and Responsible Firms: A Comparative Statics Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doni,   Nicola; Ricchiuti,   Giorgio.
This paper analyzes how the interaction between green consumers and responsible firms affects the market equilibrium. The main result is that a higher responsibility by both producers and consumers can have different impacts on the efficiency of the firms’ abatement activity, depending on the nature of the cleaning costs. When the abatement costs are fixed, the efficiency of the clean-up effort is always increasing in their degree of responsibility. On the other hand, when the abatement costs are variable, a higher level of responsibility may reduce social welfare. Finally, the first best allocation is never reached, even in the presence of the highest credible level of responsibility of both consumers and producers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Green Consumers; Corporate Social Responsibility; Vertical Differentiation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; L13; L21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102570

Measuring the Welfare Loss to Landowners of Future Geographic Shifts In the Suitable Habitat for Vegetation Due to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Peter H.
Scientists predict that global warming will cause suitable habitat ranges to shift for many plant species, including blue oak in California.  If proximity to particular land cover types significantly affects human welfare, any such shifts will affect household welfare, resulting in an indirect cost that is currently unaccounted for in the climate change literature.  Using a hedonic pricing model, the marginal values of blue oaks and the land cover types most likely to replace them are estimated at multiple spatial scales using single family residences sold in Kern County from 1997 to 2003.  In addition to the common identification problems of specification error and omitted variable bias, the variables measuring the degree of proximity of a property to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic; Multi-scale capitalization; Housing demand; Species distribution model; Climate change; Displacement of native species; Vegetation movement; Geographic Information System (GIS); Amenity value; Land use; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103640

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WEATHER UNCERTAINTY IN EFFLUENT APPLICATION TO IRRIGATED CORN IN SEMIARID REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kizer,   Michael A.; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Carreira,   Rita I.; Hattey,   Jeffory A.
This study compares subsurface drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation with respect to expected returns, aquifer life, nutrient utilization and accumulation in the production of irrigated corn using swine effluent and fresh groundwater from a depleting aquifer in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Most of the equations estimated econometrically had heteroskedasticity problems and MLE was used.  The econometric estimation of a PDF of ammonia volatilization dependent on amount of nitrogen applied, for each irrigation system, was successful and is the basis for developing a stochastic chain for the soil nitrogen carryover equation.  The results of the stochastic dynamic programming model are still being developed and will be presented at the conference.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20110

Technical Documentation of the Regional Manure Management Model for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Gollehon,   Noel R.; Breneman,   Vincent E.
The Regional Manure Management Model, developed for the ERS project on "Manure Management for Improved Water Quality," is used to evaluate the cost and feasibility of manure land application as a manure management strategy at the regional level. This model is a nonlinear mathematical programming model of animal manure-nutrient production and distribution applied to the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The model is designed to assess regional costs of manure management, transport, and land application in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, given the existing structure of the animal industry and manure-storage technologies currently in use. Manure-nutrient production is allocated within the basin to minimize costs to the animal sector, subject to land availability and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Technical documentation; Regional analysis; Chesapeake Bay; Animal waste; Manure management; Nutrient management plan; Manure land application; Manure transport; Cost minimization; Optimization model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33570

Transport, Electricity and Communications Priorities in Guinea Bissau
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyle,   Steven C.
This paper details the current situation in Guinea Bissau regarding infrastructure needs and suggests policies for the future. In particular it is noted that the degradation of the country’s only port in Bissau is a serious concern given the likelihood that the port will in a few years cease to be accessible to ocean-going freighters if rehabilitation is not made an immediate priority. While primary roads are in fairly good shape, secondary roads are abysmal and maintenance needs are routinely ignored on all roads. It is shown that completion of bridges connecting Bissau directly to Senegal will have the effect of making Senegalese ports the preferred outlet for many of Guinea Bissau’s exports.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Bridges; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55927

A Game Theoretic Approach to Analyse Cooperation between Rural Households in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerichhausen,   M.; Berkhout,   Ezra D.; Hamers,   H.J.M; Manyong,   Victor M.
To improve the livelihood of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) much attention has been paid to the development of new agricultural technologies. We hypothesize that farmers can also improve their livelihood through cooperation. Partial cooperation, in which knowledge is shared or bargaining power improved, is relatively common in SSA, while cooperation where all resources are fully shared, which we address, has rarely been investigated. An important pre-requisite to establish such cooperation, is the need for a fair division rule for the gains of the cooperation. This paper combines linear programming and cooperative game theory to model the effects of cooperation of (individual) households on income and farm plans. Linear programming establishes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperations; Linear Programming; Nigeria; Livelihood; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52146

Turning Water into Carbon: Carbon sequestration vs. water flow in the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schrobback,   Peggy; Adamson,   David; Quiggin,   John C.
Large scale forest plantations in the Murray-Darling Basin may be embraced as a carbon sequestration mechanism under a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. However, increased tree plantation will be associated with reduced inflows to river systems because of increased transpiration, interception and evaporation. Therefore, an unregulated change in land management is most likely to have a dramatic impact on the water availability. This will exacerbate the impacts of climate change projected in the Garnaut Review. This paper examines the implications of unrestricted changes in land use. These results should suggest the true costs to society from carbon sequestration by determining the tradeoffs between timber production and agricultural products.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Murray-Darling Basin; Carbon sequestration; Forest plantation; Irrigated agriculture; Water flow; Trade-off; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47616

ASSESSING ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF POLICY SCENARIOS ON FARM LEVEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehrmann,   Markus.
B3_2
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indicators; Policy assessment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93949

ESTIMATION OF SHADOW PRICES OF UNDESIRABLE OUTPUTS: AN APPLICATION TO UK DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadley,   David.
The parameters of an output distance function are estimated utilising unbalanced panel data from 300 UK dairy farms.  Potential nitrate contamination of groundwater is modelled within the production process as an undesirable output and shadow prices (which can be interpreted as marginal abatement costs) for such contamination are calculated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20977

Effects of a Change in Abundance of Elephants on Willingness to Pay for their Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper explores the way in which the stated willingness to pay for the conservation of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka varies with hypothetical variations in their abundance.  To do that, it relies on results from a sample of residents of Colombo.  The willingness to pay function is found to be unusual.  It increases at an increasing rate for hypothetical reductions in the elephant population compared to its current level (a level that makes the Asian elephant endangered) and also increases at a decreasing rate for increases in this population from its current level.  Rational explanations are given for this relationship.  The relationship is, however, at odds with relationships suggested in some of the literature for total economic value as a function of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka; Total economic value; Wildlife conservation; Willingness to pay.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48979

Farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change in Ogbomoso agricultural zone of Oyo state
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajao,   A.O.; Ogunniyi,   L.T.
The climate is changing and global mean temperatures have increased this is expected to have profound effects on food security. Long-term changes in climate will disproportionately affect tropical regions, meaning poor farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa will likely bear the brunt of adverse impacts. Adaptation plays an important role in reducing vulnerability to climate change and is therefore critical and of concern in developing countries, particularly in Africa where vulnerability is high because ability to adapt is low. This study examined farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change in Ogbomoso agricultural zone of Oyo State of Nigeria. One hundred and fifty farmers were interviewed to obtain information from using a multistage sampling procedure....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate; Probit; Mulchin; Adaptation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116378

Where the World Trades Carbon: CCX The U.S. Carbon and Environmental Derivatives Exchange (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walsh,   Mike.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52562

Cleaning Up the Nuclear Weapons Complex: Exploring New Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Probst,   Katherine N.; Pilling,   Carolyn A.; Dunn,   Karen T.
In recent years, policy experts have increasingly decried the "piecemeal" approach to environmental protection embodied in existing laws and regulations. This paper analyzes one aspect of the call for more integration: the feasibility and advisability of developing an integrated approach to regulating the cleanup of the nation's nuclear weapons complex. The Cold War has left an unprecedented set of difficulties at sites across the country where vast quantities of hazardous and radioactive materials must be properly managed. Regulatory fragmentation--particularly the phenomenon of multiple regulators and regulations driving the allocation of resources in an uncoordinated fashion--is nowhere more evident than in the current statutory and regulatory framework...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nuclear weapons complex; Integration; Environmental law; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; H56; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10765

Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Management and Buffers:  Comparisons of Two Spatial Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
Farmers and taxpayers would benefit from more cost-effective agricultural nutrient pollution control measures.  The objectives of our study are (1) to assess compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus loadings from implementation of nutrient management and riparian buffers; and (2) to estimate how the spatial scenario, which is the method of representing farms within the watershed, affects estimated compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus deliveries.  Estimated compliance costs are quite sensitive to the spatial scenario.  Buffers are more cost-effective than nutrient management under one of the two spatial scenarios, whereas nutrient management is more cost-effective under the other scenario.  Shifts to more erosive crops reduce the effectiveness...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Compliance costs; Geographic information systems (GIS); Mathematical programming; Nutrient management; Phosphorus (P); Pollution abatement; Riparian buffers; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43746

A Regional Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emissions  and Their Evolutions in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dong,   Fengxia; Lu,   Jing; Du,   Xiaodong.
CHINA is currently the world largest emitter of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2). Understanding the driving forces governing CO2 emission levels and their evolutions in China can provide useful information for policy makers who aim to reduce green house gas emissions. Because of policy and historical reasons, considerable regional growth and income disparities exist in China. The regional disparities may influence energy use and CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study is to investigate the driving forces governing CO2 emission levels and their evolutions at regional level in China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide emission; Decomposition analysis; Region; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61390

Environmental Lifecycle Assessment for Policy Decision-Making and Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rajagopal,   Deepak; Zilberman,   David.
A key argument in the societal debate against polices to support biofuels is that production of these alternative fuels may in fact consume more energy than they generate and emit more greenhouse gases than they sequester (Fargione et al., 2008; Searchinger et al., 2008; Rajagopal and Zilberman, 2007; Farrell et al., 2006; Pimentel and Patzek, 2005). Metrics like net energy value, net carbon value and net petroleum offset are the basis for comparing the various fuels and are the source of these debates. The technique that underlies the calculation of these metrics is called lifecycle assessment or lifecycle analysis (LCA). A central aspect of LCA (described in detail in the next section) is it assumes linear technologies and produces outcomes that are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49090

Meeting Biofuels Targets: Implications for Land Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Nitrogen Use in Illinois
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khanna,   Madhu; Onal,   Hayri; Chen,   Xiaoguang; Huang,   Haixiao.
This article develops a dynamic micro-economic land use model to identify the cost-effective allocation of cropland for traditional row crops and perennial grasses and the mix of cellulosic feedstocks needed to meet pre-determined biofuel targets over the 2007-2022 period. Yields of perennial grasses are obtained from a biophysical model and together with county level data on costs of production for Illinois are used to examine the implications of these targets for crop and biofuel costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and nitrogen use. The economic viability of cellulosic feedstocks is found to depend on their yields per acre and the opportunity cost of land. The mix of viable cellulosic feedstocks varies spatially and temporally with corn stover and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53491

Waterfowl Harvest Benefits in Northern Aboriginal Communities and Potential Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Chan-McLeod,   Ann.
Migratory waterfowl are important to the diets of residents in Canada’s northern communities. Contrary to recreational hunters, indigenous peoples have rights to harvest wildlife for subsistence needs without permits. As a result, migratory waterfowl are an important component of diets of Aboriginal peoples in northern Canada, substituting for expensive beef transported from the south. Wild geese and duck provide many benefits to native people, including improved nutrition and health. In this paper, scaled-down data from global climate models are used in a wildlife model to project potential migratory waterfowl abundance in the Northwest Territories for three future periods up to 2080. The models project potential future harvests of geese and ducks by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Subsistence harvests by indigenous peoples; Diet and nutrition; Climate change; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94934

POLLUTION ABATEMENT UNDER LEARNING BY DOING WITH HETEROGENEOUS COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bramoulle,   Yann; Olson,   Lars J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28583

THE TRADE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEBATE: RELEVANT FOR SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Ballenger,   Nicole.
This paper introduces and briefly discusses the economics of two important trade and environment policy issues--international harmonization of environmental standards and the use trade measures for environmental purposes.  Both issues are likely to generate lively international debate among environmentalists, industry representatives, and trade negotiators over the next few years.  As the international community seeks new multilateral rules in these areas, agricultural producers will want to know how they will be affected.  Thus, this paper also examines the potential impacts of environmental policy on the competitiveness of commodities unique to the Southern region of the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; Agriculture; Southern region; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15428

PREEMPTIVE HABITAT DESTRUCTION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT: THE CASE OF THE RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michael,   Jeffrey A.
An economic model illustrating a southern forest landowner's incentive to increase timber harvest in response to the risk of red-cockaded woodpecker colonization and subsequent regulation under the Endangered Species Act is developed.  The empirical results show that industrial landownders respond to these incentives, whereas non-industrial private forest landowners do not.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20783

ECONOMICS OF MANAGING INVASIVE PEST SPECIES: EXCLUSION AND CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewandrowski,   Jan; Kim,   C.S.
An important policy decision in managing invasive species is how to allocate resources between activities aimed at preventing the arrival of new pests - including additional arrivals of existing pests - and activities aimed at reducing the damages done by species that are already here. We develop a dynamic model for managing a generic invasive pest with an uncertain arrival date. The optimal conditions reveal that it is generally more efficient to spend a larger share of outlays for exclusion activities before a species arrives than after it is known to be here. They also show that outlays should be allocated such that the marginal costs of control measures equal the benefits from the marginal reduction of the species' population growth rate, and the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21948

PATHWAYS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MADAGASCAR: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CRITICAL TRIANGLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Lapenu,   Cecile; Minten,   Bart; Ralison,   Eliane; Randrianaivo,   Desire; Randrianarisoa,   Jean Claude.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15983

Optimum Land Allocation for Species Protection and Military Training on DoD Installations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Sahan T.M.; Onal,   Hayri; Westervelt,   James D.; Balbach,   Harold E.
Replaced with revised version of poster 8/11/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61767

Explaining Environmental Management System Development: A Stakeholder Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bremmers,   Harry J.; Omta,   S.W.F. (Onno); Haverkamp,   Derk-Jan.
Managerial changes are necessary for companies in the Dutch food industry and agribusiness to lessen the environmental impact of their activities. To identify the opportunities or limits of environmental management systems (EMSs), it is important to first understand what influence stakeholders have on EMS development. In an empirical research we found that developmental levels of internally oriented EMSs, which primarily aim at internal administrative procedures, are explained mainly by the frequency of contacts with governmental authorities. For this kind of EMSs, non-commercial stakeholder groups have a major influence on the corporate environmental policy. Externally oriented EMSs, which focus on joint efforts in supply chains, are influenced by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Stakeholders; Environmental policy; Information system; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8127

Analyzing the Potential Water Conservation Strategies: An Application to Irrigated Agriculture in the Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tewari,   Rachna; Almas,   Lal K.; Lust,   David G.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Bretz,   Fran E.
Witnessing a rapid surge in irrigation requirements as well as the pressure on natural resources to augment production for satisfying grain demand for the growing human and livestock population, ground water supply in the Texas Panhandle reflects itself as a limiting yet indispensable factor. This study evaluates the effectiveness of eight potential water management strategies in terms of  water savings, implementation costs as well as the regional impact of each policy on  the agricultural economy of Region A, comprising 21 counties in the North Texas High Plains, over a  fifty-year planning horizon.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ogallala Aquifer; Water Management strategies; Texas Panhandle; Regional Impacts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56393

Conservation Tillage, Pesticide Use, and Biotech Crops in the U.S.A.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Hallahan,   Charles B.; Nehring,   Richard F.; Wechsler,   Seth James; Grube,   Arthur.
This paper presents the first part of an ongoing project whose objective is to present a long term relationship between conservation tillage, adoption of GE crops and pesticide use for major crops in the United States. In addition, the project aims to provide some innovative tests on causality using a panel data set.  This paper presents preliminary results for soybeans.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation tillage; Biotechnology; Genetically engineered crops; Soybeans; Herbicides; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60941

A Dynamic Principal-Agent Model of Human-Mediated Aquatic Species Invasions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; MacPherson,   Alexander J.; Provencher,   Bill.
This paper presents an integrated ecological and economic model of aquatic plant species invasions in which resource users are the primary vector of species colonization. A random utility model of boater behavior is combined with ecological information about the invader and the landscape to form a dynamic principal-agent model in which the principal is a manager concerned with the interseasonal spread of invasive species across lakes, and agents are recreational boaters making a series of intraseasonal trip decisions to maximize random utility during the course of the season. Agent behavior is sensitive to both the degradation of environmental quality on colonized lakes and the actions taken by resource managers to control the spread of the invasive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12684

A New Method for Reduction of NH3 Emissions from Pig Housing Systems by Adding Sulphuric Acid to Slurry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Jorgen E.; Norgaard,   Nicolaj H.; Krabbe,   Henning; Pedersen,   Poul.
Effects of adding sulphuric acid to slurry by flushing the waste pits were studied in a commercial finishing unit with four identical sections. Each section included 300 pigs on fully slatted floors. Waste pits in two control sections had a pull-plug system installed for removal of slurry. The other two sections had a new developed and patented waste handling system using a sulphuric acid treatment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24321

Modeling Biased Technical Change. Implications for Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Nicita,   Lea.
Climate-economy models aiming at quantifying the costs and effects of climate change impacts and policies have become important tools for climate policy decision-making. Although there are several important dimensions along which models differ, this paper focuses on a key component of climate change economics and policy, namely technical change. This paper tackles the issues of whether technical change is biased towards the energy sectors, the importance of the elasticity of substitution between factors in determining this bias and how mitigation policy is likely to affect it. The analysis is performed using the World Induced Technical Change model, WITCH. Three different versions of the model are proposed. The starting set-up includes endogenous technical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical Change; Climate Policy; Stabilization Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59376

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under a New framework: Role of Social Capital in Water Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marzoughi,   Hassan; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Schafer,   Mark J.
We advance a case for an inclusion of social capital in the environmental Kuznets curve analysis using highly disaggregated data on water pollution in Louisiana. A social capital index and other variables are used in parametric and spatial panel regression models to explain water pollution dynamics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35605

Incorporating issues of risk and uncertainty into Choice Modelling experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Xuehong; Rolfe,   John.
Many policy issues, as well as policy funding and management choices, have elements of risk and uncertainty. This means that choice experiments, such as those used in choice modelling (CM), may need to frame trade-offs so that risk and uncertainty are included.  This research aims to explore some methodological approaches to identify and treat uncertainty in CM experiments. A review of theoretical models, as well as a case study application in the CM technique reported by Roberts et al. (2008), suggests that including uncertainty information in the choice sets should influence responses significantly. However, key challenges remain to define and describe the elements of risk and uncertainty that are to be included in a choice experiment, to communicate the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Risk; Uncertainty; Information; Framing.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94812

THE NONURBAN ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brewer,   Michael F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17745

Public Support for Sustainable Commercial Harvesting of Wildlife: An Australian Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper surveys a sample of 204 members of the Australian public to determine their attitude to the sustainable commercial harvesting of wildlife generally, and considers their specific support for the sustainable commercial harvesting of each of 24 Australian native species. The general attitude of the sample to wildlife harvesting is related to their attitude to nature conservation. The relationship between respondents’ support for the sustainable commercial harvesting of each of the species and their degree of endangerment based on IUCN Red List rankings is established and found to be an inverse one. Support for the commercial sustainable use of each of the species is compared with the willingness of respondents to pay for their conservation. Support...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australian wildlife species; Conservation policy; Commercial harvesting; Economic incentives; Endangerment; Public attitudes; Sustainable use; Trade.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51418

Valuing the Prevention of an Infestation: The Threat of the New Zealand Mud Snail in Northern Nevada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Alison F.; Moeltner,   Klaus.
The Truckee/Carson/Walker River watershed in northern Nevada is under an imminent threat of infestation by the New Zealand mud snail, an aquatic nuisance species with the potential to harm recreational fisheries. We combine a utility-theoretic system-demand model of recreational angling with a Bayesian econometric framework to provide estimates of trip and welfare losses under different types of regulatory control policies. We find that such losses can be substantial, warranting immediate investments in preemptive strategies via public outreach and awareness campaigns.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bayesian simulation; Hierarchical modeling; Incomplete demand system; New Zealand mud snail; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59333

Exploratory Research into the Resilience of Farming Systems during Periods of Hardship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parsonson-Ensor,   Chris; Saunders,   Caroline M.
This paper investigates the management strategies and responses used by New Zealand sheep and beef farmers to ensure resilience during periods of hardship. Using two, farm level surveys conducted in 1986 and 2010, some aspects of resilient farming systems were identified. Despite apparent hardship current farmers seemed more willing to take risks, with many more borrowing to invest in on farm developments than those in 1986. The main similarity between time periods was the greatest response to economic changes being the adoption of a low input policy. This result was quite significant, as conventional farmers are generally believed to resort to other strategies or responses.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resilience; New Zealand; Indicators; Sustainable agriculture; Strategies; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115511

The Cost of Developing Site-Specific Environmental Regulations: Evidence from EPA's Project XL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Mazurek,   Janice V.
The flagship of the Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory reinvention initiative, Project XL has been touted as a "regulatory blueprint" for a site-specific, performance-based pollution control system. But widespread complaints about the costs of the program beg the question of whether the costs of tailoring regulations to individual facilities are manageable. To address this question, this paper presents original survey data on a sample of 11 XL projects. We find that the fixed costs of putting in place XL agreements are substantial, averaging over $450,000 per firm. While stakeholder negotiations are widely cited as the principal source for these costs, we find that they actually arise mainly from interaction between participating facilities and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Project XL; Site-specific regulation; Tailored regulation; Voluntary regulation; Transactions costs; Regulatory reform and reinvention; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10844

International Cooperation on Climate Change Adaptation from an Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Bruin,   Kelly C.; Dellink,   Rob B.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
This paper investigates the economic incentives of countries to cooperate on international adaptation financing. Adaptation is generally implicitly incorporated in the climate change damage functions as used in Integrated Assessment Models. We replace the implicit decision on adaptation with explicit adaptation in a multi-regional setting by using an adjusted RICE model. We show that making adaptation explicit will not affect the optimal mitigation path when adaptation is set at its optimal level. Sub-optimal adaptation will, however, change the optimal mitigation path. Furthermore this paper studies for different forms of cooperation what effects international adaptation transfers will have on (i) domestic adaptation and (ii) the optimal mitigation path....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Adaptation Funding; Integrated Assessment Modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; H41; Q4; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90949

Online-Survey of Keepers of Rare Animals or Plants about their Activities and Attitudes in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Efken,   Josef.
Zusammenfassung: Ziel der Studie ’Online-Befragung von ErhalterInnen seltener Nutztiere oder Nutzpflanzen zu Ihren Aktivitäten und Einstellungen’ ist es, erstmalig für Deutschland beziehungsweise den deutschsprachigen Raum diesen Personenkreis zu charakterisieren. Dazu wurde eine Online-Befragung durchgeführt, die sich mit Hilfe von einschlägig bekannten Organisationen gezielt an interessierte Personen richtete. Es konnten detaillierte Erkenntnisse über Einstellungen und Ausgestaltung des Engagements gewonnen werden sowie über Art und Umfang der unmittelbaren Erhaltung seltener Nutzpflanzen beziehungsweise Nutztiere: Es werden verschiedenste Arten und Rassen beziehungsweise Sorten erhalten. Vermarktungsaspekte sind wichtig und ’Erhalten durch Essen’ wird...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Genetische Ressourcen; On Farm Management; Online-Befragung; Genetic resources; On-farm management; Online survey; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; H44; Q13; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102644

Measuring the Effects of Environmental Regulations: The Critical Importance of a Spatially Disaggregated Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Auffhammer,   Maximilian; Bento,   Antonio M.; Lowe,   Scott E.
We examine the effects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) on ambient concentrations of PM10 in the United States between 1990 and 2005. Consistent with prior literature, we find that non-attainment designation has no effect on the average monitor in non-attainment counties, after controlling for weather, socioeconomic characteristics at the county level and lagged concentrations. In sharp contrast, if we allow for heterogeneous treatment by type of monitor and county, we do find that the 1990 CAAA produced substantial effects. Our estimation results suggest that non-attainment counties with single monitors experienced a drop in concentrations of 10.5% relative to attainment counties. In non-attainment counties with multiple monitors, the overall...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air Pollution; Clean Air Act; Spatial Modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6088

COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY-INDUCED DEMAND SHIFTS USING TIME-SERIES AND CROSS-SECTION DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.; Cooper,   Joseph C.
Almost all applications of the Travel-Cost-Method demand function which include site quality variable(s) are multisite models. The results of this study serve as a note of warning that using the demand equation derived from multisite cross-sectional data to perform a benefit-cost analysis of changes in quality at a single site may not accurately predict the resulting change in the number of trips to that site. In this situation, estimates of the benefits of quality improvements may be unreliable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32508

Costs of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of India's Power Generation Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gupta,   Manish.
If India were to participate in any international effort towards mitigating CO2 emissions, the power sector which is one of the largest emitters of CO2 in the country would be required to play a major role. In this context the study estimates the marginal abatement costs, which correspond to the costs incurred by the power plants to reduce one unit of CO2 from the current level. The study uses an output distance function approach and its duality with the revenue function to derive these costs for a sample of thermal plants in India. Two sets of exercises have been undertaken. The average shadow prices of CO2 for the sample of thermal plants for the period 1991-92 to 1999-2000 was estimated to be respectively Rs.3380.59 and Rs.2401.99 per ton for the two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12038

Externalities of groundwater contamination due to pollution and effects on human and animal health in Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varuni,   C.N.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.; Srikanthmurthy,   P.S.
In this study, negative externality due to distillery pollution on agriculture in Kabini command in Nanjanagudu taluk, Mysore District is estimated. The spent wash let in lagoons enables settling heavy metals to infiltrate soils, gradually affecting soil and health. The distillery opened during 1985 and farmers apparently began experiencing the negative externalities due to pollution from 1995. The groundwater extracted for irrigation was the first victim of distillery pollution rendering it unfit even for irrigation purposes. Paddy, sugarcane, Banana, Jowar, Mulberry, Coconut, Ragi are the major crops being grown in this command area. For this study, all the 35 distillery pollution affected farmers in the Distillery Dffluent Polluted Villages (DEPA,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sand mining; Externality; Groundwater depletion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43622

Assessing the marginal dollar value losses to an estuarine ecosystem from an aggressive alien invasive crab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bell,   Brian A.; Menzies,   Sharon; Yap,   Michael; Kerr,   Geoffrey N.
This paper reports on a case study to establish dollar values for loss of biodiversity in the New Zealand coastal marine environment. The study uses the European Shore Crab (Carcinas maenas) as the example alien invasive species and the Pauatahanui Inlet, Wellington, New Zealand, as the ecosystem representative of the coastal marine environment. Choice modelling is the stated preference tool used to elicit marginal dollar values for these various attributes of the inlet. Reallocation of existing government expenditure is used as the payment mechanism. Results indicate a wide range of dollar values for the marginal losses to the environment, with no clear trend on a distance-decay relationship. The probability distributions of the dollar values of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Tax reallocation; Biosecurity; Coastal marine; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5978

Good Governance in Sustainable Development: the Impact of Institutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Kartik C.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53595

Will Bangladesh's Economic Growth Solve its Environmental Problems?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Bangladesh has experienced rising GDP and rising per capita incomes now for at least three decades. This article considers whether its continuing economic growth is likely to solve its environmental problems. In doing so, it critically considers the application to Bangladesh of Environmental Kuznets Curve relationships and applies other macro-methods of assessing the relationship between economic growth and the environment to Bangladesh’s situation. The consequences of Bangladesh’s economic reforms for the economic welfare of Bangladeshis and the state of Bangladesh’s environment are also examined. Particular attention is given to environmental change in agriculture in the light of Bangladesh’ economic growth, reforms and proposed growth strategy. Doubts...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Economic Growth; Environmental Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48740

Agricultural Productivity and Anticipated Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Spatial Sample Selection Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Patrick S.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso.
A cereal yield response function is estimated conditional upon environmental and topographical features to detect the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence in explaining agricultural productivity across Sub-Saharan Africa. Controlling for direct and localized spillover effects, we then estimate the effect that projected changes in temperature and precipitation as a result of global climate change will have on agricultural production. We find that the estimated declines found in the climatological literature may overestimate actual declines, and factors such as spatial heterogeneity (i.e., country fixed effects) are profoundly more important to agricultural production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Production; Climate Change; Applied Spatial Econometrics; Sample Selection; Generalized Method of Moments Estimation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; I3; Q18; C50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61635

How Trade Politics Affect Invasive Species Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margolis,   Michael; Shogren,   Jason F.
Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to govern the formation of tariffs so justified, using a straightforward incorporation of an invasive species externality into Grossman and Helpman's well-known political economy model. We show our measure of disguised protectionism -the gap between the optimal tariff and that set in the equilibrium of the political economy game- is equal to the tariff that would be set if...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Protectionism; Tariff; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q17; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10770

(In)Efficient Management of Interacting  Environmental Bads
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuosmanen,   Timo; Laukkanen,   Marita.
Many environmental problems involve the transformation of multiple harmful substances into one or more damage agents much in the same way as a firm transforms inputs into outputs. Yet environmental management differs from a firm’s production in one important respect: while a firm seeks efficient input allocation to maximize profit, an environmental planner allocates abatement efforts to render the production of damage agents as inefficient as possible. We characterize a solution to the hmultiple pollutants problem and show that the optimal policy is often a corner solution, in which abatement is focused on a single pollutant. Corner solutions may arise even in well-behaved problems with concave production functions and convex damage and cost functions....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Cost-benefit analysis; Eutrophication; Multiple pollutants; Optimal environmental policy; Pollution control; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54287

Assessing Time-Varying Oligopoly and Oligopsony Power in the U.S. Paper Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mei,   Bin; Sun,   Changyou.
The U.S. paper industry has become increasingly concentrated and therefore been suspected of imperfect competition. In this study, the new empirical industrial organization approach is employed to measure the degree of oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry simultaneously. The model is estimated by iterative three-stage least squares using annual data from 1955 to 2003. The results reveal that there has been significant oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry, and the oligopoly power has been consistently lower than the oligopsony power.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market power; NEIO; Three-stage least squares; Time-varying parameters; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; L13; Q23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47268

The Economics of Generating and Maintaining Plant Variety Rights in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Bonwoo; Pardey,   Philip G.; Qian,   Keming; Zhang,   Yi.
Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China’s present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and institutional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Crop improvement; Option value; Seed markets; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57908

A framework for analyzing socioeconomic, health and environmental impacts of wastewater use in agriculture in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Raschid,   Liqa; Hanjra,   Munir A.; Marikar,   Fuard; van der Hoek,   Wim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste water management; Environmental degradation; Waterborne diseases; Water quality; Irrigation practices; Aquaculture; Economic analysis; Social aspects; Health; Environmental aspects; Agriculture; Developing countries; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92775

State and Federal Pesticide law and Liability for Misuse of Pesticides
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rotering,   Jeff; Saxowsky,   David M.; Anderson,   Owen L.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119568

Valuing Remnant Vegetation Using Choice Modelling: An Application to the Desert Uplands of Central Queensland.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blamey,   Russell K.; Rolfe,   John; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Morrison,   Mark.
The Desert Uplands is a biogeographic region in central-western Queensland that lies within the rangelands area of Australia. In the region, many pastoralists are clearing the scrub and woodland vegetation in order to improve production for cattle grazing. Only limited production gains are possible because of the low rainfall and infertile soils relative to many other areas of Queensland. To assess whether such developments are economic and desirable, a first step is to value the environmental implications of alternate management regimes. A stated preference choice modelling study was undertaken to provide estimates of these values. Attributes included in the choice model pertain to reductions in the population size of nonthreatened species, the number of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123772

CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND DEMAND FOR ORGANIC FOOD: EVIDENCE FROM A VERMONT SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Qingbin; Sun,   Junjie.
While organic farming has been identified as an effective way to improve food safety and environment quality, the adoption of organic production and processing is highly determined by the market demand for organic food products.  To assess the market potential for organic apples and milk, a conjoint analysis is conducted in the state of Vermont to examine consumer evaluation of major product attributes and their tradeoffs.  Results suggest that there is likely a significant niche market for organic apples and milk and many consumers, especially people who have purchased organic food products, are willing to pay more for organic apples and milk produced locally and certified by NOFA.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22080

MARKETED OUTPUTS AND NON-MARKETED ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Wossink,   Ada.
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, substitutive and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Green payments; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Program evaluation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91807

Dependence of public support for survival of wildlife species on their likeability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
We surveyed a sample of 204 individuals selected from the public in Brisbane, Australia, to ascertain the extent to which they like or dislike 24 species of wildlife present in tropical Australia. The species belong to three classes: mammals, birds and reptiles. We calculated likeability indices for each of these species. We also asked respondents if they favoured the survival of each of these species and so the  percentage of respondents favouring survival of each of these species could be calculated. Thus, using linear regression analysis, the percentage of respondents favouring survival of each of the species was related to their indices of likeability. In addition, the data enables the average likeability of species in the three classes (mammals, birds...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Australian Wildlife; Conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51413

IRREVERSIBLE ABATEMENT INVESTMENT UNDER COST UNCERTAINTIES: TRADABLE EMISSION PERMITS AND EMISSIONS CHARGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua.
A major concern with TEPs is that stochastic permit prices may discourage abatement investment relative to other policies such as a fixed emissions charge. However, the price uncertainty is fundamentally caused by abatement cost uncertainties, which affect  investment under both policies. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model of permit trading to show how uncertainty reduces investment. Differences between the two policies can be decomposed into a general equilibrium effect and a price-vs-quantity effect. Except for the curvature of the payoff functions, uncertainties reduce both effects: tradable permits in fact helps maintain firms' investment incentives under uncertainty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21816

Impacts of Population and Income Growth Rates on Threatened Mammals and Birds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandit,   Ram; Laband,   David N.
Per capita income and human population levels in a country have direct influences on its environmental outcomes. Countries with same level of income may have different rate of income growth and vice versa, suggesting that the influence of the rate of income growth on environmental outcomes could be different than that of income level. Similarly, the rate of population growth might have different impact in addition to the impacts of sheer number of population. We explore this empirical question using country-level data on threatened species published by IUCN for the year 2007. Controlling for other factors, our model estimates the influences of the rate of population and income growth on threatened mammals and birds across 113 continental countries. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income; Population; Spatial models; Spatial autocorrelation; Endemic species; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101404

Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy, Resource Extraction, and Carbon Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Maria,   Corrado; Smulders,   Sjak; van der Werf,   Edwin.
We study the effectiveness of climate change policy in a model with multiple non-renewable resources that differ in their carbon content. We find that, when allowing some time between announcement and implementation of a cap on carbon dioxide emissions, emissions from non-renewable energy sources increase at the time of announcement. There are two channels behind this effect. First, since a binding constraint on emissions restricts energy use during some period of time, more must be extracted during other periods. Second, since low carbon energy sources are relatively more valuable when the policy is implemented, it is optimal to conserve them ahead of enforcement. This might induce a switch to high-carbon resources before the policy is implemented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-renewable Resources; Announcement Effects; Scarcity; Order of Extraction; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46626

Subjective Wealth, Policy Change, and Political Opinions: Evidence from the Cotton Reform in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan.
This paper provides new evidence on the pattern of individual subjective welfare after a natural experiment in policy-led rural development, and aims to identify the causal relationships between subjective welfare and political opinions on the effects of the policy change. I adopt a structural approach by introducing a reference-based utility function that contains a signal of individual participation in the policy change, which is conveyed by political opinions. Using data collected in cotton areas of Burkina Faso, several simultaneous estimations are performed to analyze seemingly covariant political opinions on the recent cotton reform and changes in subjective wealth, while addressing measurement issues related to subjective indicators as well as...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Subjective Wealth; Burkina Faso; Policy Change; Rural Development; Political Opinions.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; 013; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119531

Agrarumweltpolitik nach dem Subsidiaritätsprinzip - Föderalismustheoretische Grundlagen zur Politikgestaltung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rudloff,   Bettina.
The Theory of Fiscal Federalism offers a normative framework to evaluate the existing allocation of competences. To derive an actual relevant scope for reforms supporting an efficient Agri-environmental Policy the general theoretical criteria have to be specified. Thus, the parameters defining theoretically the optimal degree of centralisation will be applied to sectoral characteristics. Additional agri-environmental sub-competencies will be differentiated to identify deficits regarding the Principle of Equivalence. Based on this existing infringements with respect to agri-environmental measures are noticeable what requires a changed allocation of competences.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Fiscal federalism; Principle of subsidiarity; Fiscal equivalence; Agri-environmental spill-overs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98259

Creating Markets for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murtough,   Greg; Aretino,   Barbara; Matysek,   Anna.
'Creating Markets for Ecosystem Services' by Greg Murtough, Barbara Aretino and Anna Matysek, was released on 19 June 2002. The paper investigates how well environmental problems related to salinity, biodiversity and climate change can be addressed by creating markets for ecosystem services. The views expressed in this paper are those of the staff involved and do not necessarily reflect those of the Productivity Commission.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31912

ULYSSES REVISITED - A CLOSER LOOK AT THE SAFE MINIMUM STANDARD RULE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John.
The Safe Minimum Standard (SMS) Rule has been developed as a decision rule involving environmental assets, particularly species, that face some risk of extinction. The SMS rule has been presented by Bishop (1978) (1979) and Randall (1991) as a better decision process than the use of cost benefit analysis (CBA). This paper explores the relationship between the SMS rule and CBA. It shows that there is a tandem effect in operation because the use of both rules rely on the same underlying preferences in society. There is potential for the two rules to achieve the same results, and doubt over whether the SMS rule is an independent control over CBA.  Instead, the SMS rule may simply operate as a nagging mechanism for issues of particular interest. Its use can be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22860

Environmental Options and Technological Innovation: An Evolutionary Game Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Borghesi,   Simone; Galeotti,   Marcello.
This paper analyses the effects on economic agents' behaviour of an innovative environmental protection mechanism that the Public Administration of a tourist region may adopt to attract visitors while protecting the environment. On the one hand, the Public Administration sells to the tourists an environmental call option that gives them the possibility of being (partially or totally) reimbursed if the environmental quality in the region turns out to be below a given threshold level. On the other hand, it offers the firms that adopt an innovative, non-polluting technology an environmental put option that allows them to get a reimbursement for the additional costs imposed by the new technology if the environmental quality is above the threshold level. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Bonds; Call and Put Options; Technological Innovation; Evolutionary Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; D62; G10; O30; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55289

An Experimental Investigation of Hard and Soft Price Ceilings in Emissions Permit Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perkis,   David F.; Cason,   Timothy N.; Tyner,   Wallace E.
Tradable emissions permits have been implemented to control pollution levels in various markets around the world and represent a major component of legislative efforts to control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States.  Because permits are supplied for a fixed level of pollution, allowing the market for permits to determine the price, there is a desire for price control mechanisms which would protect firms otherwise susceptible to price spikes caused by fluctuations in the demand for pollution abatement.  We test permit markets in an experimental laboratory setting to determine the effectiveness of several price control mechanisms.  Evidence suggests that both permit supply adjustments and traditional price ceilings (hard ceilings) effectively...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tradable Emissions Permit Market; Price Controls; Hard Ceiling; Soft Ceiling; Experimental Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124096

INSTITUTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE: THE CASE OF FOREST AND GRAZING LANDS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe.
Land is an essential factor of production for agriculture, horticulture, forestry as well as other land related activities. Institutions that govern its use determine the sustainability and efficient use of this essential resource. In Ethiopia all land is publicly owned. Such an institutional setting has resulted in major degradation of Ethiopia’s land resources and dissipation of the resource rent, as available forest and grazing lands are exploited in a suboptimal fashion. An alternative to current institutional setting is to assign private property institution, but this will lead to welfare costs. In this paper, we examine the welfare effects (from consumer perspective) of change in institutional setting to forest and grazing lands using a unique data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Sustainable land use; Economic welfare.; Environmental Economics and Policy; K11; Q12; Q2; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51639

THE ROLE OF NON-PARAMETRIC APPROACH IN ADJUSTING PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Perrin,   Richard K.
This paper addresses the role of non-parametric analysis in adjusting agricultural productivity measures for environmental impacts.  The modified Tornquist-Theil index computed using shadow prices derived from the programming procedures is compared and contrasted with a non-parametric hyperbolic graph productivity index for the case of Nebraska agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonparametric; Shadow price; Productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21716

FARM PROGRAMS, PESTICIDE USE, AND SOCIAL COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29419

"No-Till" Farming Is a Growing Practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horowitz,   John K.; Ebel,   Robert M.; Ueda,   Kohei.
Most U.S. farmers prepare their soil for seeding and weed and pest control through tillage—plowing operations that disturb the soil. Tillage practices affect soil carbon, water pollution, and farmers’ energy and pesticide use, and therefore data on tillage can be valuable for understanding the practice’s role in reaching climate and other environmental goals. In order to help policymakers and other interested parties better understand U.S. tillage practices and, especially, those practices’ potential contribution to climate-change efforts, ERS researchers compiled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey and the National Resources Inventory-Conservation Effects Assessment Project’s Cropland Survey. The data show that approximately 35.5 percent...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tillage; No-till; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; ARMS; U.S. crop practices; National Resources Inventory-Conservation Effects Assessment Project; NRI-CEAP; Carbon baseline; Carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96636

The Benefits of Improved Environmental Accounting: An Economic Framework to Identify Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Improved environmental accounting is increasingly seen by corporate managers and environmental advocates alike as a necessary complement to improved environmental decision-making within the private sector. This paper develops an economic approach to the evaluation of environmental accounting's benefits and derives the value, and determinants, of improved accounting information in several production and capital budgeting contexts. Using concepts from managerial economics, finance, and organizational theory, the analysis identifies the types of environmental accounting improvement that are most likely to yield significant financial and environmental benefits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental accounting; Capital investment; Corporate decision-making; Environmental Economics and Policy; M41; Q20; G31.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10609

Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization under FTA Reduce Pollution from Agriculture? : The Case of the Japan-Korea FTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamamoto,   Yasutaka; Sawauchi,   Daisuke; Masuda,   Kiyotaka.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture?  In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database.  The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well.  The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

AGRICULTURAL  INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Carlton George; Langham,   Max R.
Agricultural industrialization and sustainable development issues are important contemporary areas of debate.  This paper argues that the two processes are a consequence of a set of forces operating in our global system.  It outlines a number of conceptual interactions between the two phenomena and examines economic development and sustainable development policy implications that appear to be logical extensions of the arguments presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural industrialization; Sustainable agricultural development; Development assistance; Human capital; Market and policy failures; Public policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15341

Beyond Optimal Linear Tax Mechanisms: An Experimental Examination of Damage-Based Ambient Taxes for Nonpoint Polluters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suter,   Jordan F.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Vossler,   Christian A.
The regulation of nonpoint source water pollution from agriculture is a complex problem characterized by a multiplicity of polluters, informational asymmetries, complex fate and transport processes, and stochastic environmental factors.  Taken together, these characteristics make regulatory policy based on individual firm emissions prohibitively costly.  To circumvent this issue, economists, beginning with the seminal work of Segerson (1988), have devised economic incentive instruments that assign liabilities based on deviations between the observed ambient water quality level and a specified pollution threshold (Xepapadeas 1991; Horan, Shortle and Abler 1998, 2002; Hansen 1998, 2002).     In the special case of a linear damage function, the regulator can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19411

TARGETING AREAS AS A COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD OF AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marquez-Cuyno,   Leah Concepcion.
The following section is a discussion of the importance of the problem of agricultural nonpoint source pollution, the conceptual framework and methods, and the research objectives of this study.  Agricultural nonpoint source pollution is an important environmental concern. Agricultural nonpoint sources have been identified as the major contributors to sediments, nutrients, pathogenic bacteria, and pesticides affecting surface water quality (NRC, 1993). Severe soil degradation from erosion, compaction, or salinization, can damage the productive capacity of the soil and exacerbate water pollution. Sediments from eroded croplands interfere with the use of bodies of water for transportation; reduce the life of dams, locks, reservoirs, and other water...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11135

Pre-harvest Forecasting of County Wheat Yield and Wheat Quality Conditional on Weather Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Byoung-Hoon; Kenkel,   Philip L.; Brorsen,   B. Wade.
Wheat regression models that account for the effect of weather are developed to forecast wheat yield and quality. Spatial lag effects are included. Wheat yield, protein, and test weight level are strongly influenced by weather variables. The forecasting power of the yield and protein models was enhanced by adding the spatial lag effect. Out of sample forecasting tests confirm the models’ usefulness in accounting for the variations in average wheat yield and qualities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Prediction; Protein; Spatial lag; Test weight; Weather; Wheat yield; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98829

PREDICTED VS. ESTIMATED WELFARE MEASURES: A TEST OF THE BENEFITS TRANSFER METHOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Intarapapong,   Walaiporn; Hite,   Diane; Jaafar,   Abdul H.; Hudson,   Darren.
Estimating non-market value on a site-by-site basis is a costly and time-consuming task. Benefits transfer is an alternative approach.  We attempt to assess the bias and reliability of predicted value from the benefit transfer approach, using the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services'’ National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife Associated Recreation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21748

Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91261

Framing for incentive compatibility in choice modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazur,   Kasia; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
The incentives that motivate respondents to reveal their preferences truthfully have been a long-standing area of research in the non-market valuation literature. A number of studies have been undertaken to investigate incentive compatibility in nonmarket valuation. Most of these used laboratory environments rather than field surveys (e.g. Carson and Burton, 2008, Harrison, 2007, Lusk and Schroeder, 2004, Racevskis and Lupi, 2008). Only a few studies investigating incentive compatibility have considered multi-attribute public goods with an explicit provision rule in a choice experiment (Carson and Groves, 2007, Collins and Vossler, 2009, Carson and Burton, 2008). The design of a choice modelling study that avoids strategic behaviour has proven particularly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Incentive comparability; Provision rule; Non-market valuation; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59101

CO2-VERMEIDUNGSKOSTEN DER STROM- UND WÄRMEPRODUKTION AUS BIOGAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scholz,   Lukas; Meyer-Aurich,   Andreas; Kirschke,   Dieter.
In einer Studie wurden die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten verschiedener Produktionsverfahren und Szenarien der Strom- und Wärmeproduktion aus Biogas auf der Basis von Mais und Rindergülle untersucht. Gemessen an alternativen Maßnahmen, verursacht die staatliche Förderung der Bioenergieproduktion aus Biogas, durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), hohe volkswirtschaftliche Kosten. Die CO2-Vermeidungkosten variieren zwischen 289 und 691 €/t CO2äq in den untersuchten Produktionsverfahren und Szenarien. Der Subventionsaufwand beläuft sich auf 310 bis 596 €/t CO2äq.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioenergie; Biogas; Ökonomische Analyse; CO2-Vermeidungskosten; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114736

Did the Great Recession Reduce Visitor Spending and Willingness to Pay for Nature Based Recreation? Evidence from 2006 and 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loomis,   John B.; Keske,   Catherine M.; Lohman,   Greta.
AAEA 2010 POSTER
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Visitor Expenditures; Recreation; Contingent valuation; Hiking; Colorado; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60825

INCOME EFFECTS OF REDUCING AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wade,   James C.; Nicol,   Kenneth J.; Heady,   Earl O.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29745

Who Participates in EQIP?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.; Nunez,   Jennifer.
The Environmental Quality Incentive Program is designed to improve environmental stewardship of crop and livestock production.  Funds requested through the program greatly exceed the supply.  Recent changes make the program more attractive for larger farmers.  A survey of farmers in Missouri and Iowa found that larger farmers (in terms of farm sales) and those without a personal concern for water quality in their county are significantly more likely to be aware of EQIP.  Those who plan to expand in the next five years, and those who use and trust public information sources, are more likely to be aware of the program and also to participate in EQIP.  Age and education variables were not significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EQIP; Adoption; Farm size; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19446

Comparing Welfare Estimates from Fixed Status Quo Attributes vs People’s Perceived Attributes of Water Quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Dan; Mkwara,   Lena Asimenye.
Data from a choice experiment on the community’s preferences for water quality improvements in streams was used to assess the effect of using a fixed status quo versus people’s perceived status quo on willingness to pay values. More than 50% of respondents perceived the quality of water in streams to be different to the status quo in the initial experimental design. Study results have shown that respondents who opted for their own perceived status quo alternative had stronger preferences and higher willing to pay for water quality improvements than their counterparts.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiments; Fixed status quo; People’s perceived status quo; Willingness to pay; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97155

When should biodiversity tenders contract on outcomes?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gorddard,   Russell J.; Whitten,   Stuart M.; Reeson,   Andrew.
Making conservation program payments conditional on outcomes offers potential efficiency and innovation improvements over input based contracts. This paper explores the trade-offs involved in choosing the payment criteria for biodiversity tenders. A model where the budget for a conservation tender can be allocated to input, outcome or mixed payments is used to explore the impacts of hidden actions, adverse selection, and landholder risk aversion on the optimal policy design. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of the ‘Nest Egg’ tender. This tender is targeting habitat and breeding of ground-nesting birds in the New South Wales Murray Catchment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: OUTCOME CONTRACTS; RISK AVERSION; BIODIVERSITY TENDERS; CONTRACT DESIGN; NEST EGG; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5979

Carbon Sequestration, Co-Benefits, and Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
Land retirement and other agricultural conservation actions contribute greenhouse gas offsets and water quality improvements and reduce erosion and nitrogen runoff. Shifting the programmatic focus to carbon would enhance C sequestration and reduce nitrogen runoff, but would likely increase erosion.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94004

Prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Soren T.; Newell,   Richard G.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies remove carbon dioxide from flue gases for storage in geologic formations or the ocean. We find that CCS is technically feasible and economically attractive within the range of carbon policies discussed domestically and internationally. Current costs are about $200 to $250 per ton of carbon, although costs are sensitive to fuel prices and other assumptions and could be reduced significantly through technical improvements. Near-term prospects favor CCS for certain industrial sources and electric power plants, with storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Deep aquifers may provide an attractive longer-term storage option, whereas ocean storage poses greater technical and environmental uncertainty. Vast...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Capture; Storage; Sequestration; Climate change; Technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q40; O30.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10879

THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN PREDICTING ADOPTION OF WIND EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   H. Holly; Young,   Douglas L.; Camara,   Oumou M.
Logit and ordered probit analyses were used to identify factors affecting reduced tillage adoption, continuous spring cropping use, and the number of changes made in response to wind erosion. We found problem perceptions or common socioeconomic variables couldn’t explain adoption of these practices, but participating in an educational program did.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36376

The Relationship Between Members’ Trust and Participation in the Governance of Cooperatives: The Role of Organizational Commitment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barraud-Didier,   Valérie; Henninger,   Marie-Christine; El Akremi,   Assâad.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organizational commitment; Cooperative members; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Q13; D23.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120855

Efficient design for willingness to pay in choice experiments: evidence from the field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Sharp,   Basil M.H.
Efficient experimental designs offer the potential to reduce confidence intervals for parameters of interest in choice models, or to reduce required sample sizes. C-efficiency recognizes the salience of willingness to pay estimates rather than utility function parameters. This study reports on a choice model application that incorporated updated statistical designs based on initial responses in order to maximize C-efficiency. The revised design delivered significant improvements.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Choice experiment; Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97156

Influence of firm related factors and industrial policy regime on technology based capacity utilization in sugar industry in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akpan,   Sunday Brownson; Udo,   U.J.; Essien,   Ubon A.
The study analyzed the technology based capacity utilization rate in sugar industry in Nigeria in the period 1970 to 2010. Data used in the study were obtained from the sugar firms, publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Augmented Dicker Fuller unit root test was conducted on the specified data to ascertain their stationarity and order of integration. The result reveals that some variables were stationary at level while some were stationary at first difference. The diagnostic statistics from the multiple log linear regression on the specified variables confirmed the reliability of the model. The empirical result reveals that sugar cane price and sugar industry’s real energy consumption have significant negative...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Firm; Capacity; Utilization; Industry; Technology; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116379

Potential Economic Impacts of the Managed Haying and Grazing Provision of the Conservation Reserve Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campiche,   Jody L.; Dicks,   Michael R.; Shideler,   David W.; Dickson,   Amanda.
The Food Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 included a new provision that allowed managed haying and grazing (including the harvest of biomass), if consistent with the conservation of soil, water quality, and wildlife habitat, in return for partial reductions in the annual CRP payments. The legislation provided for managed (or limited use) haying and grazing on the CRP acreage rather than prohibiting all use. This research analyzed whether or not the alternative grazing and haying scenarios would dramatically impact the price of beef or hay, and we estimated the impact such changes would have on state economies.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Farm Service Agency; Managed haying and grazing provision; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119181

Impacto de choques macroeconômicos sobre os níveis de poluição industrial no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mata,   Henrique Tome Da Costa; Cavalcanti,   Jose Euclides Alhadas.
Neste artigo, o problema da poluição industrial é tratado como uma variável endógena ao Modelo de Insumo-Produto Ampliado. No estudo foram estimadas quantidades de diferentes poluentes da água e do ar, com base em dados IPPS do Banco Mundial, elaborados especificamente para este tipo de pesquisa. O modelo analítico proposto por Wassily Leontief foi operacionalizado e consistiu-se de uma versão ampliada da matriz de insumo-produto clássica aplicada à análise ambiental. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os sólidos totais em suspensão, com 942.872 ton., SO2, com 803.280 ton., NO2, com 477.572 ton., CO, com 414.323 ton. e partículas totais, com 368.791 ton. constituíram as cinco categorias de poluentes dominantes na estrutura industrial brasileira, todas...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poluição; Crescimento econômico; Modelo de insumo-produto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56830

How Knowledge Affects Payment to Conserve an Endangered Bird
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The paper reports the findings of an experimental survey conducted to determine the public’s willingness to pay for the protection and conservation of the golden-shouldered parrot in Australia. This parrot is endemic to Australia and is one of Australia’s most endangered birds. The paper examines the public’s knowledge of this parrot and compares it with other endangered birds as well as common birds and the public’s willingness to pay for conservation from a hypothetical allocation of money based on their current knowledge. We then examine how this allocation changes with increased knowledge about all species. Comparisons are made.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54348

Biokraftstoffquoten – gibt es überhaupt genug Rohstoffe?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeddies,   Jurgen.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97318

Productivity and performance of irrigated wheat farms across canal commands in the Lower Indus Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Marikar,   Fuard; Jehangir,   Waqar Ahmed.
A study of the enormous differences in agricultural productivity that exist across farms and regions in Pakistan, where, for example, recent farm-level data from Sindh, indicates that irrigated wheat output per hectare varies from 0.5 to 5.4 tons across farms. Looks at the central goal of agricultural policy in the country, viz. improving and sustaining productivity, narrowing the existing productivity gaps, and enhancing resource use efficiencies to meet food requirements of a rapidly growing population.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Wheat; Productivity; Performance evaluation; Water management; Cropping systems; Water supply; Soil properties; Models; Pakistan; Lower Indus Basin; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53023

GREEN PAYMENT PROGRAMS FOR NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL:  HOW IMPORTANT IS TARGETING FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baerenklau,   Kenneth A.
Mechanism design theory is used to examine the case of a cost-minimizing regulator who uses input-reduction subsidies to meet an exogenously imposed ambient standard for nonpoint source pollution.  A general result claimed for a welfare-maximizing equilibrium.  Numerical results suggest the ability to directly target contracts reduces costs significantly for the regulator.  But in the absence of this ability, indirect targeting reduces costs only slightly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31117

Ex-ante evaluation of tightening environmental policy: the case of mineral use in Dutch agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruseman,   Gideon; Blokland,   Pieter-Willem; Luesink,   Harry H.; Vrolijk,   Hans C.J.
Non-point source pollution is notoriously difficult to asses. A relevant example is mineral emissions in the Netherlands. Since the mid 1980s the Dutch government has sought to reduce emissions through a wide variety of measures, the effect of which in turn is monitored using modeling techniques. This paper presents the current generation of mineral emission models from agriculture based on microsimulation of farms in combination with a spatial equilibrium model for the dispersion of manure from excess regions with high livestock intensities within the country to areas with low livestock intensities. The micro-simulation approach retains the richness in the heterogeneity of farm household decision making that are the core cause of the difficulty of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Micro-simulation; Spatial-equilibrium model; Non-point source pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43644

Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Soy-based US Biodiesel when Factoring in Emissions from Land Use Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Searchinger,   Timothy D.; Heimlich,   Ralph E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49099

Modeling Certainty-Adjusted Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Service Improvement  from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Lupi,   Frank; Swinton,   Scott M.; Chen,   Huilan.
The public demand for ecosystem services measured by willingness to pay (WTP) in contingent valuation studies provides important information for designing Payment-for-Ecosystem-Service (PES) programs. However, the hypothetical markets for contingent valuation and respondents’ unfamiliarity with certain ecosystem services may increase their preference uncertainty, which may increase variance and even cause bias in WTP estimates. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question rating the respondent’s certainty level, this study evaluates alternative methods of modeling certainty-adjusted WTP for cleaner lakes and abated global warming. Results suggest that the incorporation of self-reported uncertainty into binary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Willingness to Pay; Preference Uncertainty; Numerical certainty scale; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103734

Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ervin,   David E.; Welsh,   Rick.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765

Costs and performance of irrigation projects: A comparison of Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Inocencio,   Arlene; Kikuchi,   Masao; Tonosaki,   Manabu; Maruyama,   Atsushi; Merrey,   Douglas J.; Sally,   Hilmy; de Jong,   Ijsbrand.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation programs; Costs; Investment policy; Participatory management; Farmer participation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44516

Economics of Pollution Trading for SO2 and NOx
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Evans,   David A.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Palmer,   Karen L.; Toth,   Russell.
For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments represents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. Subsequent urban and regional applications of NOx emission allowance trading took shape in the 1990s in the United States, culminating in a second large experiment in emission trading in the eastern United States that began in 2003. This paper provides an overview of the economic rationale for emission trading and a description of the major U.S. programs for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). We evaluate these programs along measures of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Emission trading; Power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q25; Q28; D78.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10488

PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE INSECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: LEARNING FROM ORGANIC FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.
Organic farmers are dependent on alternative, biology-based insect control methods and are innovative in their on-farm experimentation with new strategies.  By understanding the factors that influence the insect management portfolio chosen by organic farmers, research and education programs to promote sustainable insect management practices for all farmers may be devised.  A negative binomial model of the factors influencing the number of alternative practices adopted is applied to survey data from American organic farmers.  It is found that college-educated farmers with smaller acreages, more than half their acreage in horticultural production, and extensive experience with organic production have the greatest diversity in their insect management...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Insect management; Negative binomial model; Organic farming; Technology adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16650

SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT IN AGRICULTURE: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCE LIST OF METHODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vickery,   John; Lohr,   Luanne.
Sustainability assessment is fundamental to improving the long-term viability of agricultural systems.  A variety of assessment tools have been developed for the practitioner to evaluate sustainability at multiple levels, from field to farm.  This report is a compilation of annotated references on assessment methods from published and unpublished sources.  Each section contains a methodological description, a list of published sources, and a list of relevant programs and contacts.  While not exhaustive, the report presents a range of tools and applications that are currently in use or are in testing for future use.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16644

Economic Damages from Climate Change: An Assessment of Market Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael; Dale,   Larry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7161

"Sustainable" Economic Growth: The Ominous Potency of Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper explores the conditions for sustainable development through two models of economic growth that elucidates two extremes; an open economy with constant prices, and a closed economy with endogenous prices. Sustainable development is easier to achieve in the case of the former than the latter. A closed economy requires a high degree of flexibility of its consumers, with an elasticity of substitution of clean goods substantially above 1 in order to achieve sustainable development. Three mechanisms have to work in tandem: the technique, composition, and growth-limit effects. In contrast, the open economy requires no flexibility on the part of its consumers and may achieve sustainable development through only one mechanism – the composition effect. For...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46592

Developing Environmental Service Policy for Salinity and Water: Experiments with Regulations and Markets Linking Watersheds with Downstream Water Users
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nordblom,   Thomas L.; Reeson,   Andrew; Whitten,   Stuart M.; Finlayson,   John D.; Kelly,   Jason A.; Hume,   Iain H.
Shortfalls in water supplies are perhaps the greatest practical NRM policy concern in Australia today, looming larger in many minds than the great international debates on greenhouse gasses, climate change and biodiversity. Because forest land cover uses more water than any other, wide expansion of upstream tree plantations can significantly reduce water yields upon which downstream urban, agricultural and wetlands depend. We consider the economic efficiency and equity (profitability and distributional) consequences of upstream land use change. The ‘environmental services’ of concern in our study are the mean annual quantities and qualities (volumes and salt concentrations) of water flowing from upper parts of a catchment to the downstream interests...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental economics; Land use; Rival water uses; MBI; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6249

On the Dynamics of Competing Energy Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We characterize the dynamics of energy markets in which energy is derived from polluting (fossil) and clean (solar) resources. The analysis is based on geometric optimal control considerations. An important feature of solar energy technologies is that their cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investment in capital infrastructure (rather than to actual supply rate) and this feature has important implications for the market allocation outcome. In particular, it gives rise to a threshold behavior in that solar energy is adopted only when the price of fossil energy exceeds a certain threshold. Under this condition solar technologies will (eventually) dominate energy supply by driving fossil energy altogether out of the energy sector. A tax on fossil...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fossil and solar energy; Characteristic curves; Price thresholds; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93127

Why Farmers Opt Not to Enroll in Payment-for-Environmental-Services Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank; Jolejole,   Christina B.
Payment-for-environmental-services (PES) programs are the focus of increasing attention globally. While existing PES programs can observe who participates and who does not, the reasons for nonparticipation can be opaque. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question on conditions for participation, this study differentiates two types of non-participants, those deterred by insufficient payments, and those deterred by fundamental incompatibility with the farm operation. Survey weighted and spatially weighted probit models are applied to examine the determinants of farmers’ willingness to enroll in PES programs and their willingness to consider enrollment at the same or a high payment. Results suggest the decision...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-environmental-services; Agricultural policy; Non-participation; Working land; Stated preference; Spatial probit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61392

Scrap Tires in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso: Ranking the Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Palma,   Alejandra.
According to conventional wisdom, rapidly growing stocks of scrap tires on the U.S.-Mexico border pose a variety of health and environmental risks. This article assesses these risks in Paso del Norte, the border's second-largest metropolis comprised principally of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and El Paso, Texas. We find that air pollution from tire pile fires poses the greatest threat. Scrap tires in Paso del Norte do not contribute significantly to the propagation of mosquito-borne diseases or to shortages of space in solid waste disposal sites. The burning of scrap tires at industrial facilities is minimal and might not have significant adverse environmental impacts even if it were more common.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scrap tires; U.S.-Mexico border; Environment; Health; Risk assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; O54.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10583

Néhány gondolat a 2010. évi időjárási szélsőségek nyomán a fenntartható erdőgazdálkodásról
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solymos,   Rezso.
2010 emlékezetes esztendeje lesz a magyarországi erdőknek, erdőgazdálkodásnak is. Kedvezőtlen időjárási tényezők sora és mértéke okozott nem várt károkat erdeinkben. Afák ezreit, az erdők több száz hektárját tarolta le a kíméletlen vihar és tette kérdésessé az adott területen megcélzott fenntartható, természetközeli erdőgazdálkodást. A2010. évi tapasztalatok is megerősítették a klímaváltozással kapcsolatos kutatások folytatásának az indokoltságát és a gyakorlati tapasztalatok összegezését, értékelését, ezek mielőbbi hasznosítását. Afolyamatban levő kutatások főleg hosszabb idő elteltével szolgáltatnak majd tudományosan megalapozott, a gyakorlatban is hasznosítható eredményeket.  Az erdőket veszélyeztető abiotikus és biotikus károk között a szélsőséges...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Klímaváltozás; Fenntarthatóság; Erdőgazdálkodás; Faj és fajta; Természetközeliség.; Climate change; Sustainability; Sylviculture; Species and variety; Natural management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99201

Characteristics and Expenditures of Nonresident Sportsmen in North Dakota in 1983
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Randall S.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120748

Valuing ecosystem resilience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheufele,   Gabriela; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
The concept of ecosystem resilience is being increasingly discussed as a driver of biodiversity values. It implies that marginal deteriorations in ecosystem conditions can abruptly result in non-marginal and irreversible changes in ecosystem functioning and the economic values that the ecosystem generates. This challenges the traditional approach to the valuation of biodiversity, which has focused on quantifying values attached to individual species or other elements of ecosystems. As yet, little is known about the value society attaches to changes in ecosystem resilience. This paper investigates this value. A discrete choice experiment is used to estimate implicit prices for attributes used to describe ecosystem resilience using the Border Ranges...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem resilience; Discrete choice experiments; Implicit prices; Willingness to pay space; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107806

Testing for Framing Effects in Environmental Choice Modelling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.
Researchers using stated preference environmental valuation techniques are interested in identifying the extent to which framing effects impact on value estimates. Framing effects occur when the context in which the hypothetical scenarios and tradeoffs put to respondents in an application differ from those that would be important if actual transactions were involved. Because scenarios have to be defined succinctly to respondents, the challenge for researchers is to identify how the particular ‘frame’ used affects responses, and how different groups of respondents may view settings. In this paper, an application of a stated preference technique termed Choice Modelling is reported in the context of pastoral land development in Queensland and the Northern...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Framing; Environmental valuation; Choice Modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123727

Contingent Valuation, Hypothetical Bias, and Experimental Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stevens,   Thomas H.
Although the contingent valuation method has been widely used to value a diverse array of nonmarket environmental and natural resource commodities, recent empirical evidence suggests it may not accurately estimate real economic values. The hypothetical nature of environmental valuation surveys typically results in responses that are significantly greater than actual payments. Economists have had mixed success in developing techniques designed to control for this "hypothetical bias." This paper highlights the role of experimental economics in addressing hypothetical bias, and identifies a gap in the existing literature by focusing on the underlying causes of this bias. Most of the calibration techniques used today lack a theoretical justification, and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31262

Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the EU: A spatial assessment of sources and abatement costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Houze,   Martin; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain.
Agriculture contributes significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gases in the EU. By using a farm-type, linear-programming based model of the European agricultural supply, we first assess the initial levels of methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the regional level in the EU. For a range of CO2 prices, we assess the potential abatement that can be achieved through an IPCC-based emission tax in EU agriculture, as well as the resulting optimal mix of emission sources in the total abatement. Further, we show that the spatial variability of the abatement actually achieved at a given carbon price is large, indicating that abatement cost heterogeneity is a fundamental feature in the design of a mitigation policy. We assess the efficiency loss associated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Methane; Nitrous oxide; European Union; Marginal abatement costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58401

A Description of Voluntary Policy Methods for Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parminter,   Terry G.
The voluntary policies being used by local authorities to deliver Resource Management Act outcomes are considered nonstatutory policy methods under the Act, which does not define them or describe how they might be selected and implemented. One economist has been able to list over 50 different economic methods. A similar list has not been available for policy agents interested in drawing upon the rich and extensive experience of people in other disciplines such as agricultural extension and social marketing. Applied literature in a number of social science disciplines has been used in this paper to put such a list together. The author describes possible voluntary policy methods including those associated with adult learning, communication, networking and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96950

Winner, Loser, or Innocent Victim? Has Renewable Energy Performed As Expected?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McVeigh,   James; Burtraw,   Dallas; Darmstadter,   Joel; Palmer,   Karen L.
This study provides an evaluation of the performance of five renewable energy technologies used to generate electricity: biomass, geothermal, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, and wind. We compared the actual performance of these technologies against stated projections that helped shape public policy goals over the last three decades. Our findings document a significant difference between the success of renewable technologies in penetrating the U.S. electricity generation market and in meeting cost-related goals, when compared with historic projections. In general, renewable technologies have failed to meet expectations with respect to market penetration. They have succeeded, however, in meeting or exceeding expectations with respect to their cost. To a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Regulation; Electricity generation; Energy cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; L94.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10627

VOLUNTARY ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK TRADEOFFS IN CROP PROTECTION DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
An indirect utility model is employed for measuring farmers' willingness to voluntarily accept yield losses for a reduction in environmental risk by decreasing pesticide use.  Results support the hypothesis that farmers have self-described risk perceptions that enable them to make assessments of risk-yield tradeoffs.  Policies designed to encourage and assist farmers making voluntary pesticide reductions can result in environmental risk reduction.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31503

FARMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HERBICIDE SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Owens,   Nicole N.; Swinton,   Scott M.; van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.
Microeconomic studies often make two assumptions: 1) producers focus on profit maximization, disregarding "external" environmental and health costs; and 2) producers have full information about their production processes and markets.  This study examines whether these assumptions are valid for the herbicide use decisions of Michigan corn growers.  It further examines corn growers' willingness to pay for reductions in risk associated with the use of herbicide safety characteristics.  The approach used involves a mail survey designed to simulate the market for herbicide formulations described as identical to atrazine except that the "new" herbicide formulations are described as a) not carcinogenic to humans, b) not leachable into groundwater, or c) nontoxic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20942

Environmental Law and Public Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revesz,   Richard L.; Stavins,   Robert N.
This chapter provides an economic perspective of environmental law and policy with regard to both normative and positive dimensions. It begins with an examination of the central problem in environmental regulation: the tendency of pollution generators in an unconstrained market economy to externalize some of the costs of their production, leading to an inefficiently large amount of pollution. We examine the ends of environmental policy, that is, the setting of goals and targets, beginning with normative issues, notably the Kaldor-Hicks criterion and the related method of assessment known as benefit-cost analysis. We examine this analytical method in detail, including its theoretical foundations and empirical methods of estimation of compliance costs and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Environmental law; Efficiency; Cost-effectiveness; Benefit-cost analysis; Environmental federalism; Environmental Economics and Policy; K320; Q280; Q380; Q480.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10742

Dimensions of Wealth Dispersion Among Farm Operator Households:  An Assessment of the Impact of Farm Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
This paper uses microlevel data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey to examine the changes in the distributions of household wealth and to assess the role farm subsidies play, among other factors, in affecting these distributions.  The empirical analysis relies on the concept of the adjusted Gini coefficient and on fixed-effect regression procedures.  Coefficients from fixed-effect estimation indicate a negative correlation between government payments and wealth dispersion, with the effect shifting toward more of a positive relation when government payments were allowed to interact with regional dummies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adjusted Gini coefficient; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; Fixed-effects regression; Government subsidies; Life cycle; Wealth dispersion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; C33; D31; D63; O18; Q15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43733

Costs of Creating Carbon Offset Credits via Forestry Activities: A Meta-Regression Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna; Wang,   Yichuan.
The main focus of efforts to mitigate climate change is on the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions. However, the Kyoto rules permit the use of forestry activities that create carbon offset credits. These could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. It is necessary for policy purposes, therefore, to determine the cost effectiveness of creating forest sink carbon credits. In this study, meta-regression analyses with 1047 observations from 68 studies are used to determine factors that affect carbon sequestration costs. Results indicate that soil carbon is not very important, but that forest plantations and use of biomass for energy make forestry activities more attractive. It also turns out that forestry activities are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate mitigation; Forest carbon offset credits; Meta-regression analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37039

Environmental economics and valuation: towards a practical investment framework for Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farquharson,   Robert J.; Hill,   Christine M.; Bennett,   Jeffrey W.; Tracey,   Jacqueline.
The Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales have programs that are collectively investing $436 million over four years to achieve catchment-wide natural resource/environmental improvements. In this paper, we consider the question of how to best allocate these resources so as to increase the well-being of the public within catchments and the state. We consider the current approaches used by CMAs and make a case for Benefit-Cost Analysis as an alternative means of assessing ex ante questions of priority setting at the catchment level and for project appraisal. A major issue for BCA is the estimation of potential benefits from project investments, particularly the estimation of values that catchment communities and those living outside the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Economics; Choice modelling; Non-use values; Investment framework; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10404

THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION CONTROLS ON LIVESTOCK-CROP PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schnitkey,   Gary D.; Miranda,   Mario J.
A discrete-time, continuous-space model of a livestock- crop producer is used to examine the long-run effects of phosphorus runoff controls on optimal livestock production and manure application practices. Quantity restrictions and taxes on phosphorus application are shown to reduce livestock supply and impose greater costs on livestock-crop producers than on crop-only producers. Restrictions on manure application, without accompanying restrictions on commercial fertilizer application, will have only a limited effect on phosphorus runoff levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30814

PHASING OUT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIES:  EFFECTS OF THE CAP 2003 REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hofreither,   Markus F.; Schmid,   Erwin; Sinabell,   Franz.
A core element of the recent Common Agricultural Policy reform is to decouple payments that are merely linked to production from 2005 on. These subsidies are classified as environmentally harmful by OECD. An agricultural sector model, using a modified version of the positive mathematical programming method, depicts the political, natural, and structural complexity of Austrian farming. Environmental effects of indicators that are linked to production and management measures are estimated. Simulation results show that the recent CAP reform will not only reduce the cost of production, but also improve the environmental condition of natural resources.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20169

Institutional Impediments, Entitlement Exchange and Women's Empowerment in Rural India: The Case of Access to Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Kartik C.; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Ghose,   Ananda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender empowerment; Education; India; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94399

Promoting Sustainable Pro-Poor Growth in Rwandan Agriculture: What are the Policy Options?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Michael L.; Drake,   Liz; Ezemenari,   Kene; Diao,   Xinshen.
In 2000, as part of its strategy for growth and poverty reduction, the Government of Rwanda set a goal to increase per capita income from US$230 to US$900 and halve the incidence of poverty by 2020. Two years after those targets were established Rwanda's first Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) projected that GDP growth in the range of 6 to 7 percent would be needed over the long term for those targets to be realized. The principal sources of growth in the short to medium term were to be the agriculture and manufacturing sectors, with agricultural projected to start at 5.2 percent and accelerate over the period due to productivity improvements. Manufacturing growth was projected to rise sharply to 11.5 percent, based on the expansion of manufacturing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9908

Trade in Environmental Goods, with Focus on Climate-Friendly Goods and Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
Paragraph 31(iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration mandates to the liberalization of environmental goods and services. This mandate offers a good opportunity to put climate-friendly goods and services on a fast track to liberalization. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change. This paper presents the key issues surrounding the liberalization of trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies in WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with discussing what products to liberalize and how. Given that WTO Members are divided by this key issue, the paper explores options to move current negotiations on the liberalization of trade in environmental goods and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Goods and Services; Low-Carbon Goods and Technologies; Market Access; Doha Round; WTO; Renewable Energy Technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F13; P28; Q42; Q48; Q56; Q54; Q58; Q48.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119099

ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Henglun; Bergstrom,   John C.; Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.
In this paper, a conceptual model for estimating option price for groundwater quality protection is developed, and the effets of subjective demand and supply uncertainty and other variables on option price are estimated.  A contingent valuation study to measure option price for groundwater quality protection was conducted in southwestern Georgia.  Valuation results suggest that the monetary benefits to citizens of protecting groundwater supplies from agricultural chemical contamination are quite large.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29641

MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST CURVES FOR UK AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moran,   Dominic; MacLeod,   Michael J.; Wall,   Eileen; Eory,   Vera; McVittie,   Alistair; Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Rees,   Robert; Topp,   Cairistiona; Moxey,   Andrew.
This paper addresses the challenge of developing a ‘bottom-up’ marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) for greenhouse gas emissions from UK agriculture. A MACC illustrates the costs of specific crop, soil, and livestock abatement measures against a ‘‘business as usual’’ scenario. The results indicate that in 2022 under a specific policy scenario, around 5.38 MtCO2 equivalent (e) could be abated at negative or zero cost. A further 17% of agricultural GHG emissions (7.85 MtCO2e) could be abated at a lower unit cost than the UK Government’s 2022 shadow price of carbon (£34 (tCO2e)-1). The paper discusses a range of methodological hurdles that complicate cost-effectiveness appraisal of abatement in agriculture relative to other sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Marginal abatement costs; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q52; Q 54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91399

Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerlagh,   Reyer; Kuik,   Onno.
In this paper we study the effect of international technology spillovers on carbon leakage. We first develop and analyse two simple competing models for carbon leakage. The first model represents the pollution haven hypothesis. It focuses on the international competition between firms that produce energy-intensive goods. The second model highlights the role of a globally integrated carbon-energy market. We calculate formulas for the leakage rates in both models and, through meta-analysis, show that the second model captures best the major mechanisms reported in the CGE literature on carbon leakage. We extend this model with endogenous energy-saving technology and international technology spillovers. This feature is shown to decrease carbon leakage. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon-Leakage; Climate Policy; Induced Technological Change; Trade and Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; O39; Q25; Q4.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9328

Structure and Power in Multilateral Negotiations: An Application to French Water Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simon,   Leo K.; Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Thoyer,   Sophie; Morardet,   Sylvie; Rio,   Patrick.
Stakeholder negotiation is an increasingly important policymaking tool. However, relatively little is understood about the relationship between the structure of the negotiating process and the effectiveness with which stakeholders can pursue their individual interests. We apply the Rausser- Simon multilateral bargaining model to a specific negotiation process involving water storage capacity and use in the upper Adour Basin in southwestern France. We focus on a coalition of three stakeholder groups with aligned but distinct interests. In addition to the standard indices of bargaining power—the distribution of political weights (“access”) and players’ utilities if an agreement is not reached, our analysis identifies other less obvious sources of power....
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Water; Bargaining; Negotiations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37630

Benefit Transfer: Choice Experiment Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Geoffrey N.; Sharp,   Basil M.H.
Benefit transfer entails using estimates of non-market values derived at one site as approximations to benefits at other sites. The method finds favour because it can be applied quickly and cheaply, however the validity of benefit transfer is frequently questioned. Published studies generally indicate that errors from the approach can be extremely large and could result in significant resource misallocations. Assessing the validity of benefit transfer is complicated by differences in the nature of study and policy sites, the changes being valued, valuation methods, time of study, availability of substitutes and complements, and demographic, social and cultural differences. A choice experiment was used to evaluate the transferability of benefit estimates...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice model; Choice experiment; Benefit transfer; Mitigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97774

The Short-Term Economic Effects of Environmental Constraints on Forest Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   David T.
Recently there has been much concern regarding the use of forest resources in Australia. Proposals have been made to governments that would safeguard the forest environment but add to the costs of forest and logging industries. An analysis of the short-run effects of such proposals using the ORANI general equilibrium model suggests that downstream wood-using industries and the economy in general would suffer small declines in output but that activity and employment in the forest and logging industry itself may increase.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12504

An empirical examination of the gains in cost-effectiveness from the use of multiple environmental outcome conservation tenders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edwards,   Claire; Eigenraam,   Mark.
The production and consumption of environmental goods and services are subject to many of the problems associated with public goods. Due to their non-rival and non-excludable nature, incentives for individuals to invest in their production are often absent. To address this market failure, government agencies have used a number of policy mechanisms to procure the supply of environmental outcomes on behalf of society. Recently, conservation tenders focussing on private land have been a favoured policy instrument used by many government agencies to purchase environmental outcomes in the public interest. The majority of these environmental tenders have focussed on a single environmental outcome. It is contended in this paper that multiple environmental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100545

Global Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Trade with Complete Specialization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukherjee,   Vivekananda; Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.
The paper develops a model in which a country with better technology for abatement of Green House Gas (GHG) emission (the North) commits to an international protocol to keep the global GHG emission within a specified limit while it helps the mitigation effort in the other country (the South) with unconditional transfer of abatement technology. It finds out in the autarkic (‘no trade’) equilibrium the technology transfer offer from the North is always accepted by the South. The North may offer either a partial or a complete technology transfer. If partial technology transfer is offered it finds out the determinants of the extent of technology transfer. Then it compares the autarkic equilibrium with equilibrium where trade with complete specialization occurs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12060

Integrated Reservoir Management under Stochastic Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Debnath,   Deepayan; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Boyer,   Tracy A.; Sanders,   Larry D.
Water Management and Planning
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic optimization; Lake levels; Marketed and non-marketed water uses; Non-linear programming; Recreational benefits; Reservoir management; Stochastic inflows; Value of a visitor day; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108178

Recreational Fishing: Its Expansion, its Economic Value and Aquaculture's Role in Sustaining it.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Economic growth usually leads to a substantial increase in the demand for recreational fishing, and China is likely to follow this trend.  Factors influencing this expansion in demand are identified.  Recreational fishing is of major economic importance in higher income countries and indicators of its economic significance are given.  Growing demand for recreational fishing results in intensified involvement of recreational fishers in conflicts about resource use.  With increasing demand for recreational fishing, recreational fishers face growing competition with one another for limited fish stocks and with commercial fishers.  Their concerns for environmental threats to fish stocks also intensify.  Furthermore, some strategies of recreational fishers are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Recreational fishing; Environmental threat to fish stock; Aquaculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48974

US Agriculture and Climate Change: Perspectives from Recent Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reilly,   John M.
Across several projections of climate change in the coming century, total food production in the United States is not found to be at risk. Some regions, however, could experience declining production and profitability due to unfavorable climate, water availability, ecological pressures, or extreme weather events.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94030

Consumer Attitudes towards Sustainability Attributes on Food Labels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tait,   Peter R.; Miller,   Sini; Abell,   Walter L.; Kaye-Blake,   William; Guenther,   Meike; Saunders,   Caroline M.
Concerns about climate change and the general status of the environment have increased expectation that food products have sustainability credentials, and that these can be verified. There are significant and increasing pressures in key export markets for information on Greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of products throughout its life-cycle. How this information is conveyed to consumers is a key issue. Labelling is a common method of communicating certain product attributes to consumers that may influence their choices. In a choice experiment concerning fruit purchase decisions, this study estimates willingness to pay for sustainability attributes by consumers in Japan and the UK. The role of label presentation format is investigated: text only, text and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Choice experiment; Food labelling; Sustainability; Cross-country comparison; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100716

VALUATION OF AGRICULTURE'S MULTI-SITE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: AN APPLICATION TO PHEASANT HUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Feather,   Peter; Shank,   David.
Pheasant hunting benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) were approximately $80 million/year in 1991 in states where the CRP appears most critical to pheasant populations. To obtain this benefit measure, tire demand for pheasant hunting was estimated using a recently developed multi-site demand model, a national survey on recreation, and environmental data processed through a geographic information system (GIS). Thus not only is the resulting evaluation of the CRP'S environmental impacts more accurately assessed than through the use of the generalized, supply-demand equilibrium models of previous work, but, more importantly, the environmental benefits of program acreage can he compared across field locations allowing subtle changes in policy to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31282

The Rise of China and India and the Commodity Boom: Economic and Environmental Implications for Low-Income Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Jayasuriya,   Sisira.
The rapid growth of China and, more recently, of India, is having major effects on every facet of the global economy. The supply of labor-intensive manufactured exports (from China in particular) has been accompanied by a huge expansion in their imports both of raw materials and of skill-intensive manufactured parts and components. This ‘offshoring’ of intermediates production by large, labor-abundant economies has economic and environmental implications for other developing economies drawn into their trade networks. We sketch a trade-theoretic model showing how the growth of the ‘giants’ generates adjustment pressures on their trading partners and competitors among developing economies. We discuss in particular how differences in relative factor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92208

Climate Policy and Border Tax Adjustments: Some New Wine Mixed with Old Wine in New Green Bottles?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.
Current policy discussions are making a very clear connection between domestic climate policies and international trade. In this article, the economic, legal and implementation issues relating to border tax adjustments for climate policies are discussed. The overall conclusion drawn is that the connection between trade and the environment is not new, having been discussed in considerable detail since the early 1990s, and reflected in an extensive economics literature. In addition, the legal aspects of border tax adjustments are not particularly new, although only a WTO ruling on their use in the presence of domestic climate policies will resolve any legal uncertainty about their use. However, there are some new issues concerning the determination and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Competitiveness; Border tax adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90594

The Effect of Farm Labor Organization on IPM Adoption. Empirical Evidence from Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckmann,   Volker; Irawan,   Evi; Wesseler,   Justus.
This paper examines the effect of labor organization on integrated pest management (IPM), using cross section data collected from a participatory farming system survey of 157 durian growers in Chanthaburi, Thailand, in 2005. In contrast to many studies of IPM adoption, this work uses the form of farm labor organization as an endogenous factor for identifying the rate of IPM adoption among durian growers. The instrumental variables method was employed to econometrically relate a set of alleged variables as instruments of labor organization to the rate of IPM adoption. Results show that, among others, farms employing hired labor have a significantly lower adoption rate of IPM.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor Organization; IPM Adoption; 2SLS; Farm Labor; Agricultural Extension; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; J2; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55767

The global groundwater situation: overview of opportunities and challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Molden,   David J.; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Seckler,   David.
Groundwater offers us few but precious opportunities for alleviating the misery of the poor; but it poses many—and daunting—challenges of preserving the resource itself. A big part of the answer is massive initiatives to augment groundwater recharge in regions suffering depletion; but, in the ultimate analysis, these cannot work without appropriate demand-side interventions. The water vision of a world that future generations will inherit will have to be the one in which groundwater plays its full developmental, productive and environmental role but in a sustainable manner; and the framework of action to realize this vision will mean eschewing the current free-for-all in groundwater appropriation and use, and promoting a more responsible management of this...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Groundwater resources; Groundwater depletion; Water scarcity; Water shortage; Poverty; Rural development; River basins; Sustainability; Waterlogging; Salinity; Aquifers; Water pollution; Pumps; Recharge; Water harvesting; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113506

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE FTAA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Paper presented at the 24th West Indies Agricultural Economics Conference, Granada, July 19-12, 2002.  Environmental issues have become important in trade agreement negotiations.  NAFTA explicitly includes environmental provisions and they are affecting ongoing WTO and FTAA negotiations.  The final role of the environment in the FTAA is uncertain, given opposition by most of the members.  The draft FTAA agreement does not contain a separate section on the environment, but a U.S. position paper indicates that environmental provisions are important and that U.S. negotiators will seek to incorporate environmental concerns into specific chapters such those on investment and agriculture.   The large number and varied economic and environmental conditions of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Trade agreements; Agricultural trade; Environment; Trade and environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F15; F18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19107

Impacts of Colombia's current irrigation management transfer program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn; Garces-Restrepo,   Carlos.
Assess the impacts of the current national irrigation management transfer program in Colombia. Examines the context of transfer, the basic transfer strategy, the impacts of transfer, and the powers and functions devolved in the transferred districts. The need to use the transfer process to create local management self-reliance is also stressed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Privatization; Irrigation management; Irrigated farming; Policy; Costs; Economic aspects; Operations; Maintenance; Agricultural production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44584

Agricultural Insurances Based on Meteorological Indices: Realizations, Methods and Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leblois,   Antoine; Quirion,   Philippe.
In many low-income countries, agriculture is mostly rain-fed and yields highly depend on climatic factors. Furthermore, farmers have little access to traditional crop insurance, which suffers from high information asymmetry and transaction costs. Insurances based on meteorological indices could fill this gap since they do not face such drawbacks. However their implementation has been slow so far.  In this article, we first describe the most advanced projects that have taken place in developing countries using these types of crop insurances. We then describe the methodology that has been used to design such projects, in order to choose the meteorological index, the indemnity schedule and the insurance premium. We finally draw an agenda for research in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Insurance; Climatic Risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; G21; O12; Q12; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91004

World Agriculture and Climate Change: Economic Adaptations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darwin,   Roy; Tsigas,   Marinos E.; Lewandrowski,   Jan; Raneses,   Anton.
Recent studies suggest that possible global increases in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns during the next century will affect world agriculture. Because of the ability of farmers to adapt , however, these changes are not likely to imperil world food production. Nevertheless, world production of all goods and services may decline, if climate change is severe enough or if cropland expansion is hindered. Impacts are not equally distributed around the world.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; World agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33933

Decentralization and development: Emerging issues from Uganda's experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okidi,   John A.; Guloba,   Madina.
The current decentralization in Uganda originated in the late 1980s as part of a broader effort to restore state credibility and deepen democracy following several years of political and economic turmoil. Using a detailed legal framework Uganda entrenched political, administrative and fiscal decentralization as a strategy for broad-based growth with poverty reduction. in this paper we review Uganda's decentralization with the objective of highlighting several issues including empowerment of local leaders and residents, experience with local elite capture, improvement of service delivery, promotion of real sector response to improved economic environment, and enhancement of progress towards the MDGs. Our review of the achievements and challenges of Uganda's...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic development; EPRC; Okidi; Guloba; Fiscal decentralization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93810

MIGRATION OF EXOTIC PESTS: PHYTOSANITARY REGULATIONS AND COOPERATIVE POLICIES TO PROTECT U.S. ECOSYSTEMS AND AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Phytosanitary regulations; Technical Barriers; Trading issues; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28548

Estimating the Effect of the Chesapeake Bay Program on Application Rates for Enrollment in the Environmental Quality Incentive Program: A Case Study of Pennsylvania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wright,   Christopher.
This paper is an evaluation of the Chesapeake Bay Program’'s (CBP) effect on farmers’' willingness to participate in USDA agricultural conservation programs. Willingness to participate is demonstrated by submission of an application for enrollment in a conservation program. The estimation method is propensity score matching.  Matching is one method which can be used to estimate treatment effects using observational studies when a control group is not available for purposes of comparing outcomes with treatment and without treatment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21164

Trading efficiency in water quality markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Hugh J.; Kennedy,   Marianna; Ngawhika,   Simon; Kerr,   Suzi.
A crucial factor in the success of any water quality trading market is its ability to cost-effectively reallocate nutrient allowances from initial holders to those users who find them most valuable; the market's trading efficiency. We explore causes of and solutions to trading inefficiency by assessing the impact on participant transaction costs and the tradeoffs that occur as a result of policy design decisions. Differing impacts of baseline-credit and cap-and-trade markets, the impact of trading rules and monitoring regimes are discussed in this endeavour. Possible solutions of increased information flows and regulatory certainty are also discussed. We then apply this framework to three existing water quality trading schemes; two from the US, and one...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient trading; Trading efficiency; Water quality markets; Transaction costs; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96949

Valuing water in irrigated agriculture and reservoir fisheries:  A multiple-use irrigation system in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renwick,   Mary E.
Although irrigation projects often provide water for more than crop irrigation, water allocation and management decisions often do not account for nonirrigation uses of water. Failure to account for the multiple uses of irrigation water may result in inefficient and inequitable water allocation decisions. Decision-makers often lack information on the relative economic contributions of water in irrigation and nonirrigation uses. This report addresses this problem. It examines the relative economic contributions of irrigated agriculture and reservoir fisheries in the Kirindi Oya irrigation system, located in southeastern Sri Lanka. The results of the analysis indicate the importance of both irrigated paddy production and reservoir fisheries to the local...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Water management; Irrigation programs; Irrigated farming; Rice; Production costs; Income; Economic evaluation; Water allocation; Water delivery; Fisheries; Reservoirs; Productivity; Crop production; Models; Family labor; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44569

Explaining Finnish Farmers' Policy Responses with Environmental Attitudes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arovuori,   Kyösti.
In general, farmers are often found to be resistant to environmentally targeted agricultural policies. On the other hand, a part of farmers are clearly self-motivated to undertake farm practices that are beneficial to the environment and resource conservation. What motivates these farmers to participate? How much of this participation can be explained with attitudes, and where these attitudes arise from? In this paper, we analyze the effect of farmers‟ attitudes towards environmental policies and related issues on their farm level policy choice. The policy response analyzed is farmers‟ choice to implement voluntary contract-based special measures in the current agri-environmental support scheme. Our results show that farmers fall into different groups in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmers; Agri-environmental policies; Policy choice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114216

Empirische Untersuchungen zum optimalen Spezialisierungsgrad ökologisch wirtschaftender Marktfruchtbetriebe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Francksen,   Tammo; Gubi,   Gunther; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
This paper employs the concept of technology efficiency to analyse the optimal degree of specialisation of organic arable farms. Based on bookkeeping data from 461 organic farms, three technology specific frontiers (each representing a different degree of specialisation)and an all-encompassing metafrontier are estimated using a combination of Data Envelopment Analysis and Window Analysis. The results indicate that a significant proportion of sample farms have not chosen their optimal degree of specialisation. We quantify the potential productivity gain from switching to the optimal specialisation class. This is highest for moderately specialised farms switching to higher degrees of specialisation. We demonstrate that there are significant differences in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic arable farming; Business strategies; Optimal degree of specialisation; Technology efficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis; Window Analysis; Farm Management; Production Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96729

AN EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTICS BANS ON INVESTMENT IN APPLE ORCHARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Roosen,   Jutta.
The decision to replant a fire blight-susceptible apple orchard is analyzed.  Embedding the problem into an equilibrium framework facilitates the welfare analysis of changes in orchard survival probabilities arising from a ban on antibiotics use.  We estimate the structural impacts and welfare changes of the ban.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Apple orchard; Dynamics; Equilibrium; Replanting; Resistance; Truncated Poisson process; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21698

Mitigating the High Cost of ISO 14001 EMS Standard Certification: Lessons from Agribusiness Case Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiridoe,   Emmanuel K.; Marett,   Geb E.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) account for an estimated 90% of the world's economic activity, implying that environmental management strategies customized specifically for such organizations are important in a global environmental management initiative such as ISO 14001. The cost of third party ISO 14001 standard registration can be extremely high, and generally beyond the means of SMEs. Three dimensions to ISO 14001 EMS standard registration, which can substantially affect the cost associated with developing, implementing and obtaining ISO 14001 accreditation, were examined: i) whether the EMS implementation and registration process is direct or indirect; ii) how an organization can demonstrate compliance with ISO 14001 requirements; and iii)scale of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International; ISO 14001; Small/medium interprises; Environmental entrepreneurship.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8122

A Flexible Inventory Model for MSW Recycling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louis,   Garrick; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang.
Most of the United States have laws mandating the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW). In order to comply, municipalities recycle quotas of materials, without regard to fluctuating prices. An inventory system is proposed that allows municipalities to be sensitive to materials prices as they recycle in accordance with state mandates. A dynamic model is developed; it uses historical secondary material prices as exogenous inputs to minimize the net present value of MSW recycling system cost. The model provides a cost-effective method for municipalities to achieve their MSW recycling targets. The savings is approximately $1.43 per ton of MSW generated based on total MSW management costs of $13.5 per ton. The model also allows one to investigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Municipal solid waste; Recycling; Inventory; Optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10459

Meta Analysis in Model Implementation: Choice Sets and the Valuation of Air Quality Improvements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Smith,   V. Kerry.
We document the sensitivity of welfare estimates derived from discrete choice models to assumptions about the choice set. Such assumptions can affect welfare estimates through both the estimated parameters of the model and, conditional on the parameters, the substitution among alternatives. Our analysis involves estimates of the benefits of air quality improvements in Los Angeles based on discrete choices of neighborhood and housing. We further illustrate the use of meta analysis to document and summarize voluminous information derived from repeated sensitivity analyses.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Meta analysis; Random utility model; Choice set; Air quality; Housing; Environmental Economics and Policy; C15; Q25; R21.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10453

Valuing the benefits from preserving threatened native fauna and flora from invasive animal pests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gong,   Wendy; Sinden,   Jack A.; Jones,   Randall E.
Invasive animal pests inflict many kinds of damage on the environment, and threaten native fauna and flora. We attempt to value the benefits from the extra biodiversity that is protected if these threats were removed. The NSW Rural Lands Protection Board is a major agency that undertakes pest control, and is organised into 48 districts across the state. A cross-sectional set of data on Board expenditures, pest abundance, and environmental and climatic characteristics, was compiled by district and analysed. The number of threatened native plant and animal species increases with pest abundance and with the total number of native species present in the district. But the number of threatened species decreases as Board expenditures on pest control increase. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive animal pests; Unpriced values; Biodiversity gains; Native flora and fauna; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5995

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND NATURAL-RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phipps,   Tim T.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17150

Developing a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large scale environmental regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Hess,   Peter.
This paper explains the development and implementation of a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large-scale environmental regulations. The development process began with a literature review surveying channels through which environmental regulations might influence economic performance. Avenues deemed suitable were incorporated into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the California economy. This model is based on the California Department of Finance's Dynamic Revenue Analysis Model (DRAM). Modifications to DRAM for the current project include a revised sectoring scheme that features industries of particular regulatory interest, revamped data matrices that accommodate this new sectoring scheme, a new air pollution module,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cge models; Environmental aspects; Environmental policy; Methodology; Regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43917

THE EFFECT OF MARKET STRUCTURE ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Sangjun; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
When assessing climate change impact, adaptation is an important behavioral response to reduce potential risk. But it has been widely recognized that there are barriers to adaptation. And attempts to estimate impacts may be biased when these barriers neglected. Potential barrier on adaptation decision from market structure have not been identified. We develop a theoretical model to evaluate adaptation incentives of farmers under climate change across various market structures. In agricultural production where acreage adjustment is costly, our theoretical model suggests that the “competition effect” plays an important role in determining incentives to adapt. The competition effect in the market may outweigh the production effect and reduce producer...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91258

A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT ORGANIZATION (GEO) AND THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper traces the evolution of the debate over a GEO, and analyzes its problems and opportunities in the world trading system. It first considers the genesis of proposals for a GEO, and provides a short historical account. Second, it offers one view of what a GEO might entail. The next two sections offer a brief summary of some of the main arguments for and against such a body. The fifth section discusses issues of implementation, and the relationship between a GEO and existing institutions with environmental or trade responsibilities, such as UNEP and the WTO. It also considers whether a GEO should be built up incrementally, or whether a 'grand stroke' would be more effective in establishing it. The sixth section takes up three related issues: the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14448

The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tol,   Richard S.J.
A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: a global $1000/tC would change travel behaviour to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from international aviation by 0.8%. This is because the imposed tax is probably small relative to the air fare. A $1000/tC tax would less than double air fares, and have a smaller impact on the total cost of the holiday. In addition, the price elasticity is low. A carbon tax on aviation fuel would particularly affect long-haul flights, because of high emissions, and short-haul flights, because of the emission during take-off and landing. Medium distance flights would be affected least. This implies that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Tourism; Tax; Carbon Dioxide; Aviation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; L83; L93; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9327

Polluters and Abaters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimubona,   Alain-Desire; Bernard,   Sinclair-Desgagne.
To comply with laws, regulations and social demands, polluting firms increasingly purchase the needed means from specialized suppliers. This paper analyzes this relatively recent phenomenon. We show how environmental regulation, the size of the output market, the elasticity of demand for abatement goods and services, and the fact that in-house and outsourced abatement expenses are substitutes or complements can influence a polluter’s make-or-buy decision. Specific features of abatement outsourcing are highlighted, qualifications and refinements of the theory of vertical integration are then proposed, and some consequences for environmental policy are briefly discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-industry; Make-or-buy Decision; Outsourcing; Vertical Integration; Environmental Economics and Policy; L23; L24; Q52.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98467

An Accidental Oil Spill Along the Belgian Coast: Results from a CV Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Biervliet,   Karl; Le Roy,   Dirk; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper offers an economic assessment of the loss of non-use values resulting from different oil spill scenarios along the Belgian Coast. Estimation results show that if no oil spill prevention policy action is undertaken, a significant welfare loss may result. As a matter of fact, contingent valuation estimation results show such a welfare loss ranges from 120 million Euro to 606 million Euro, depending on the size and the frequency of the oil spill under consideration. Therefore, any investment program targeted at the prevention of oil spills, and its damage on the marine environment, can be clearly defended from a cost-benefit perspective as long as its cost is no higher than 120 million Euro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12124

An Economic Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle Impact in a Global Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The economic effects of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia are simulated using a multi-region spatial price equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic dynamic updating procedure. The simulation captures expected changes in the B.C. timber supply, growth of plantation forests in the southern hemisphere and an escalating Russian log export tax. The results indicate lumber and log prices will rise in B.C., offsetting some of the economic loss to timber producers. However, on net producers in the B.C. forest industry will experience a decrease in economic surplus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mountain pine beetle; Spatial price equilibrium; Trade modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C67; F14; F17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37051

Assessing Sustainability: Some Conceptual and Empirical Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael; Lile,   Ronald D.; King,   Dennis M.
In this paper we address two related conceptual and practical challenges in assessing "sustainability." The first is the criteria to be used, in particular the relationship between sustainability and measures of economic well-being and the use of monetary versus nonmonetary indicators. The second is the problem of determining which physical scales to use for sustainability assessments when there are multiple and overlapping "communities" or stakeholder groups. While neither set of challenges admits a definitive solution, there has been progress on the first set of issues - in particular, through the development of multicriteria assessment strategies and stakeholder involvement processes. In contrast, the problem of how to assess sustainability in practice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Integrated assessment; Environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; R19; D57.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10756

Accounting for Depletion of Oil and Gas Resources in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Othman,   Jamal; Jafari,   Yaghoob.
This paper provides an assessment of the changes in the availability of oil and gas resources in Malaysia. The physical and monetary balance sheets for crude oil and natural gas for the period 2000- 2007 was constructed. The net present value of expected future incomes to reflect the value of resource change was calculated based on a physical extraction and a resource rent scenario. Resource rent is gross operating surplus less the estimated user cost of produced capital in the crude oil and natural gas extraction industry. We obtained the gross operating surplus by subtracting the value of consumption of employees and net taxes on production cost from the value added of petroleum domestic products. Our findings noted serious reduction of oil reserves from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Environmental Accounts; Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100690

SITUAÇÃO E PERSPECTIVA EM ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cirilo,   Lucas Da Silveira; Corrado,   Amanda Roberta; Costa,   Manoel Baltasar Baptista Da; Gavioli,   Felipe Rosafa.
Diante do atual cenário agrícola, o presente trabalho procede uma reflexão sobre a realidade da reforma agrária em São Paulo, com base em acúmulos e observações do projeto “Da microbacia ao agricultor familiar: uma releitura do agroecossistema”, conduzido em assentamentos da região central do Estado. As reflexões remetem às principais características e peculiaridades dos assentamentos, os problemas que afetam a produção e os produtores, a sustentabilidade do processo a médio e longo prazo, bem como questões que se avaliam como centrais ao processo em si e às comunidades assentadas. Nas áreas trabalhadas verificou-se a adoção e implementação do padrão tecnológico da “Revolução Verde”, possivelmente inadequado a tal segmento por não estar conseguindo...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade; Agroecologia; Reforma agrária; Agricultura familiar; Sustainability; Agroecology; Agrarian reform; Family agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109567

Communication Processes in Agro-environmental Policy Development and Decision-Making: Case Study Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prager,   Katrin; Nagel,   Uwe Jens.
The development of a decision support approach with regard to agro-environmental programmes is part of a larger research project on agricultural transformation and structural change processes. Research objective are improved communication processes and an enhanced quality of political decision-making. The investigation is based on the assumption that the success of agro-environmental programmes depends largely on their acceptance by all major stakeholders. This implies an early integration of varying interests in the decision-making process. Introducing participatory approaches into a bureaucratic setting poses particular problems. In order to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness, the introduction of interactive modelling approaches has to be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Communication processes; Agro-environmental programmes; Decision-making support; Conflict resolution; Participation and acceptance; Rural areas; Agricultural extension; Sustainable agriculture; Structural change; Transformation processes; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18819

Climate Policy When the Distant Future Matters: Catastrophic Events with Hyperbolic Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a significant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7186

The Ecological Footprint of Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from Mexico's Oportunidades Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; McIntosh,   Craig; Sims,   Katharine R.E.; Welch,   Jarrod R.
We study the consequences of poverty alleviation programs for environmental degradation. We exploit the community-level eligibility discontinuity for a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico to identify the impacts of income increases on deforestation, and use the program’s initial randomized rollout to explore household responses. We find that additional income increases demand for resource-intensive goods. The corresponding production response and deforestation increase is more detectable in communities with poor road infrastructure. These results are consistent with the idea that better access to markets disperses environmental harm and the full effects of treatment can only be observed where poor infrastructure localizes them.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93046

Pollution Regulation and the Efficiency Gains from Technological Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
Previous studies suggest that emissions taxes are more efficient at stimulating the development of improved pollution abatement technologies than other policy instruments, such as (non-auctioned) tradable emissions permits. We present results from a competitive model that cast some doubt on the empirical importance of this assertion. For example, we find that efficiency in the market for "environmental R&amp;D" under tradable permits is typically less than 6 percent lower than that under an emissions tax for innovations that reduce pollution abatement costs by 10 percent or less. However the discrepancy is more significant in the case of more major innovations. We also find that the presence of R&amp;D spillovers per se does not necessarily imply large...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions tax; Tradable emissions permits; Performance standard; R&amp;D; Efficiency effects; Patents; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O38.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10653

To Keep it 'Zip'ped or Not? Challenges for a Scientist Working as a Member of a Canterbury Water Zone Committee (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughey,   Kenneth F.D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115505

Brown Sunsets and Green Dawns in the Industrial Sector: Environmental Innovations, Firm Behavior and the European Emission Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borghesi,   Simone; Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
We study the driving forces behind the adoption of environmental innovations (EI) in the Italian industry over 2006-2008 through analyses of the new wave of Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data that covered for the first time environmental innovation adoptions. We investigate whether the first phase of EU ETS has exerted some effects on environmental innovations by using a very large sample of italian manufcturing firms. Estimates show that external forces and complementarity with other management practices are particularly relevant to increase the adoption of relatively new and radical technologies: relationships with other firms and institutions, local public funding, group membership are the key factors. The role of ETS on EI seems instead to be weak:...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Innovation; Industrial Sectors; ETS; Innovation Drivers; CIS Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L2; O33; Q38; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121701

The 2008 WITCH Model: New Model Features and Baseline
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; De Cian,   Enrica; Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Tavoni,   Massimo.
WITCH is an energy-economy-climate model developed by the climate change group at FEEM. The model has been extensively used in the past 3 years for the economic analysis of climate change policies. WITCH is a hybrid top-down economic model with a representation of the energy sector of medium complexity. Two distinguishing features of the WITCH model are the representation of endogenous technological change and the game–theoretic set-up. Technological change is driven by innovation and diffusion processes, both of which feature international spillovers.  World countries are grouped in 12 regions which interact with each other in a setting of strategic interdependence. This paper describes the updating of the base year data to 2005 and some new features: the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Hybrid Modelling; Integrated Assessment; Technological Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O41; Q43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55284

Adaptation to Climate Change in Marine Capture Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin.
This Research Report responds to the challenge for marine capture fisheries of how and when to adapt to climate change. The report presents: (1) a set of fisheries climate change policy options (2) a risk and vulnerability assessment tool and management decision-making framework; and (3) ex ante and ex post climate adaptation possibilities in the marine environment.   The report also includes: (1) a discussion  of  how management objectives and instruments influence resilience and adaptation; (2) a decision-making process to assess vulnerabilities to climate change and to manage adaptation responses; (3) an inter-temporal framework to help decision-makers know when to adapt; (4) a risk and simulation approach to confront the uncertainties of the possible...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Climate change; Fisheries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94886

USING LOCAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING TO CONTROL LAKEWATER POLLUTION IN SEASONAL HOME COMMUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Snyder,   Robert W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13739

THE TRANSITION IN THE CONTRIBUTION OF LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES TO FOOD SECURITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Meryl J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16354

Valuing Ecosystem Services from Private Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; Williams,   Tiffany; Rodriguez,   Eduardo.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-market valuation; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103717

Environmental Services, Externalities and Agriculture: The Case of Mountain Tourism in Morocco
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khalil,   Allali.
This study uses hedonic pricing techniques to estimate the value of agricultural amenities in Morocco's High Atlas Mountains. The analysis is limited to positive externalities related to land use, providing indicators to better inform policy decisions effecting rural and agricultural development. Advantages linked to landscape planning and its contribution to sustaining the tourism activity are documented. Amenities specific to mountain agriculture have a positive influence on the tourist accommodation rental market and particularly on farmhouses. These advantages include joint products linked to the farmhouses bordering cultivated areas, the scenery value of annual crops, the shade and attractiveness provided by walnut trees and the presence of domestic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscape values; Hedonic valuation; Morocco; Rural development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12010

Using Matching Estimators to Evaluate the Effect of Unit-Based Pricing on Municipal Solid Waste Disposal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wright,   Christopher; Halstead,   John M.
The delivery of municipal services for the collection, transfer, and disposal of household solid waste is often provided by local governmental units; typically at the town or city level. Unit-based pricing, also known as pay-as-you-throw (PAYT), is a residential solid waste collection program requiring households to pay a fee per bag of trash disposed. Unit-based pricing represents a significant departure from the historical practice of financing solid waste service from property tax revenues in which the marginal cost to a household for disposing solid waste is effectively zero. Local governments are motivated to adopt unit-based pricing for the purpose of creating a financial incentive for households to reduce the quantity of solid waste disposed and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Propensity score matching; Unit-based pricing; Pay-as-you-throw; Municipal solid waste; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103812

Economic feasibility of converting cow manure to electricity: A case study of the CVPS Cow Power program in Vermont
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Qingbin; Thompson,   Ethan; Parsons,   Robert L.; Rogers,   Glenn.
A case study of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation (CVPS) Cow Power program examines the economic feasibility for dairy farms to convert cow manure into electricity via anaerobic methane digestion. The study confirms that it is technically feasible to convert cow manure to electricity on dairy farms but the economic returns highly depend on the base electricity price paid by CVPS, premium rate paid by CVPS customers, financial supports from government agencies and other organizations, and sales of the by-products of methane generation. Lessons learned from this program will be useful to other dairy farms and communities interested in converting cow manure into electricity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digestion; Dairy farms; Renewable energy; Economic feasibility; Vermont.; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104564

The Impact of Shale Exploration on Housing Values in Pennsylvania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klaiber,   H. Allen; Gopalakrishnan,   Sathya.
Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing processes to extract shale gas have raised concerns among local residents over the safety of these new drilling techniques.  To assess whether potential negative externalities associated with shale gas exploration are capitalized into surrounding homeowners property values, we estimate a hedonic model combining data on 3,464 housing sales occurring between 2008 and 2010 in a suburban/rural county south of Pittsburgh, PA which experienced large numbers of new horizontal Marcellus wells beginning in late 2008. Using hedonic methods, we find a negative and significant impact to households in close proximity both spatially and temporally to this activity.  Further we find that this negative impact disproportionately...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Shale gas; Housing values; Risk perceptions; Hedonic; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q51; Q52; R21.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124368

Carbon Trading and No-Permanency of Agricultural Sequestration: Institutional Design and the Choice of Working Rules
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomassin,   Paul J.
The institutional development of a domestic carbon trading institution in Canada that includes carbon off-sets must address the problems of providing the appropriate incentives to generate carbon reductions and removals and the problem of non-permanency of sequestered carbon. The paper analyzes two rule sets to address these problems and estimates the economic impact of these sets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21364

Controlling Urban Air Pollution Caused by Households: Uncertainty, Prices, and Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Carlos A.; Stranlund,   John K.; Gomez,   Walter.
We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world.  Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Urban air pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93964

The 30-Year Challenge: Agriculture's Strategic Role in Feeding and Fueling a Growing World
Provedor de dados: 31
To develop this report, Farm Foundation drew on the insights of leaders from business, government, non-governmental organizations and academia. We began with a small group of individuals whose discussions defined the 30-year challenge in six broad categories: 1. global financial markets and recession, 2. global food security, 3. global energy security, 4. climate change, 5. competition for natural resources, and 6. global economic development. Farm Foundation then invited a broader group of leaders to explore each of the six categories, identifying critical strategic problems, alternative strategies and potential policies. Those discussions are the basis of this report. The topics and options presented here are not intended to be inclusive; rather they are...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45719

DESIGNING GREEN SUPPORT: INCENTIVE COMPATIBILITY AND THE COMMODITY PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
The purpose of this brief analysis is to consider the potential points  of contact between a program of "green support" and the existing commodity programs in U.S. agriculture.  These points of contact may      take the form of conflict, complementarity, or neutrality.  We shall assume initially that green support is "added" to the programs as they exist in 1994.  Five main commodity program areas are considered:       A. Deficiency payments resulting from the loan rate/target price structure       B. Acreage reduction programs (ARPs) operating in conjunction with A.        C. Conservation compliance, sodbuster and swampbuster programs        D. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the Wetland Reserve Program (WRP)       E. GATT obligations and "planting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14462

Analysis of the regional impacts of Climate Policy in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okajima,   Shigeharu.
After great improvements in energy efficiency in the 1970’s, Japan has made little progress in reducing energy consumption since 1990, the base year for the Kyoto Protocol.  This study is motivated by the recent growing demands among policy makers to find all possibilities for saving energy.  To make informed decisions on how to save energy, policy makers need detailed information on energy consumption structures within each jurisdiction. First, in this article, I decompose national level energy intensity into efficiency and activity effects with the Fisher Ideal index, and then estimate regressions on prefecture level residential electricity demand between 1990 and 2003.  It is found that national level energy intensity declined by seventy three percent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fisher index; Energy intensity; Regional Computable General Equilibrium; Environmental taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49118

Perceived Diversity of Complex Environmental Systems: Multidimensional Measurement and Synthetic Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gasparino,   Ugo; del Corpo,   Barbara; Pinelli,   Dino.
The general attitude towards the sustainable management of environmental resources is evolving towards the implementation of ‘participatory’ (as opposed to the classical ‘command and control’) and, especially at local scale, ‘bottom up’ (as opposed to the classical ‘top down’) approaches. This progress pushes a major interest in the development and application of methodologies able to ‘discover’ and ‘measure’ how environmental systems tend to be perceived by the different Stakeholders. Due to the ‘nature’ of the investigated systems, often too ‘complex’ to be treated through a classical deterministic approach, as typical for ‘hard’ physical/mathematical sciences, any ‘measurement’ has necessarily to be multidimensional. In the present report an approach,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12074

On the Green Side of Trade Competitiveness? Environmental Policies and Innovation in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valeria,   Costantini; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
This paper aims to explore how the competitiveness of the EU economy, here captured by export dynamics over the medium run (1996-2007), has been affected by environmental regulation both on the public and private sector side. The strong and weak versions of the Porter hypothesis are tested by specifying the export dynamics of five aggregated manufacturing sectors classified by their technological or environmental content using a dynamic panel data estimator applied to a theoretically-based gravity model. When testing the strong version on export performances of manufacturing sectors, the overall effect of environmental policies does not conflict with export competitiveness. When testing the weak version using export flows of environmental goods,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Policies; Porter Hypothesis; Technological Innovation; Export Performances; Gravity Model; European Union; Environmental Economics and Policy; F14; O14; Q43; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92910

How Local Governments Structure Contracts with Private Firms: Economic Theory and Evidence on Solid Waste and Recycling Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walls,   Margaret.
Solid waste management services are contracted out to private firms in many U.S. communities. Household waste collection, transport, and disposal are relatively straightforward services to define within the terms of a contract. The addition of recycling, however, significantly complicates matters. How should contracts be structured to provide incentives for recycling? Who should own key facilities, such as recyclable materials processing facilities? Should a separate contract for processing and sale of materials be used, or should these services be provided by government employees or purely private markets? These questions are addressed in this study using the principal-agent framework and the theory of incomplete contracts in economics. I explain stylized...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Incentive contracts; Asset specificity; Principal-agent models; Waste collection; Recycling; Environmental Economics and Policy; L33; L14; Q2.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10707

Valuation of Tourism's Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Discusses the implications of the economic valuation of natural resources used for tourism and relates this valuation to the concept of total economic valuation.  It demonstrates how applications of the concept of total economic valuation can be supportive of the conservation of natural resources used for tourism.  Techniques for valuing tourism’s natural resources are then outlined and critically evaluated.  Consideration is given to travel cost methods, contingent valuation methods, and hedonic pricing approaches before concentrating on current developments of valuation techniques, such as choice modelling.  The general limitations of existing methods are considered and it is argued that more attention should be given to developing guidelines that will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Natural resources; Travel cost methods; Contingent valuation methods; Choice modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48962

Irrigation Kuznets  Curve, governance and dynamics of irrigation development: A global cross-country analysis from 1972 to 1991
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan.
This report verifies the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for irrigation. The EKC hypothesis suggests for an inverse U-shaped (or concave) relationship between the level of environmental degradation and income in a given society. The EKC hypothesis also implies that some form of environmental deterioration appears inevitable during the initial stage of development, but subsequent increases in the societal income would generate enough incentives to improve the environmental quality. In line with this reasoning, the EKC relationship for irrigation (referred to here as Irrigation Kuznets Curve, or IKC) hypothesizes that the demand for irrigation is greater at the initial stage of development and that irrigation demand declines as societal income...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Models; Economic aspects; Irrigated farming; Income; Policy; Governance; Productivity; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43246

Dynamic Optimization of Nitrogen Use in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   J. Wesley; Ferrer,   Myra Clarisse R.
Agricultural production is highly dependent on inorganic substances including fertilizers. High-yielding crop varieties, such as corn, require large amounts of primary nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Farmers often add a surplus of nutrients to crops to maximize yields. Utilization of primary nutrients has increased by more than 300% while that of nitrogen alone has increased by more than 600% between 1960 and 2007 (USDA, 2009). From 1964 to 2007, the use of nitrogen in the corn sector alone increased from 1,623,000 to 5,714,000 nutrient tons (USDA, 2009).             While increasing production, increased fertilizer use can potentially create negative externalities in the form of nitrate-nitrogen contamination in groundwater....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics; Nitrogen/Nitrate Contamination; Dynamic Optimization; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C63; Q10; Q51; Q53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96032

Table of contents
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123775

Public values for improved water security for domestic and environmental use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Windle,   Jill; Rolfe,   John; Brouwer,   Roy.
A choice modelling valuation exercise was recently undertaken across several countries to assess the tradeoffs that households are prepared to make between water use restrictions, maintaining environmental condition in waterways, and increased water costs. The results from the Queensland survey are reported in this paper. Also discussed are some of the tradeoffs involved in assuring the integrity of an international survey while retaining sufficient local context to make the choice modelling exercise both realistic and meaningful.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Water scarcity; Water use tradeoffs; International survey; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47627

CIVIC ENVIRONMENTALISM AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: REFORM OR ROLLBACK?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: John,   DeWitt.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17046

Extra-Market Values and Conflicting Agricultural Environmental Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poe,   Gregory L.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121164

Precio de la tierra con presión urbana: un modelo para España
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Decimavilla,   Esther; San Juan,   Carlos; Sperlich,   Stefan.
RESUMEN: Estudiamos el precio de la tierra para uso agrario y las variables que determinan su evolución en España, tratando de identificar qué parte de la subida de precios observada se justifica por elementos «internos», relacionados con la renta agraria esperada, y cuál proviene de elementos externos o especulativos, vinculados a cambios en el uso del suelo. Además se relaciona el ciclo de precios con la aceleración de la especialización en el ámbito regional y la integración en la PAC. La novedad de este trabajo consiste en identificar, mediante técnicas de datos de panel, factores no fundamentales (presión urbanizadora, creación de regadíos, cambio demográfico) que, además de los fundamentales (ingresos esperados y localización geográfica) determinan...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Especialización regional; Especulación urbana; Datos de panel; Precios de la tierra; Productividad agraria; Urban pressure; Panel data; Land prices; Agricultural productivity; Regional specialization; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q15; R14; Q24; R52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37186

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDUSTRIALIZED AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: THE CASE OF VERTICAL COORDINATION IN BROILERS AND HOGS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Laura L.; Zering,   Kelly D.
This paper examines the relationship between industrialized production in the pork and broiler industries and the natural environment.  Historical perspectives are presented regarding the movement toward increasingly concentrated and coordinated pork and broiler production units in the South. The relationships between animal by-product management and environmental quality, both at the farm level and within a geographic region, are addressed.  Using the North Carolina pork industry as a background, current regulations and potential policy implications to protect environmental quality are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Industrialized agriculture; Sustainability; Vertical coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15549

Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture: analysing the room for manoeuvre for mitigation, in case of carbon pricing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deybe,   Daniel; Fallot,   Abigail.
Relationships between the greenhouse effect and agricultural activity are usually and firstly considered in terms of the impact of climate change on agriculture. But in reverse, farmers and herders may react to a climate policy imposing a carbon price to GHG-emitting activities, and possibly contribute to the emissions mitigation as well as to carbon sequestration. The degree of efficiency of the reactions will vary across regions of the world and across activities. A methodology considering risk associated with technology changes is proposed for estimating and accounting these reactions under production and resource constraints. For a business-as-usual scenario quantified by the integrated assessment model Image, decisions concerning land-use and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25873

EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PATTERN FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feix,   Rodrigo Daniel; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91280

URBAN PLANNING AND THE LOCATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Elizabeth P.; Homans,   Frances R.
In this paper, we use a simple urban economic model to study how choosing park locations within a city might contribute towards urban planning goals.  For multiple possible park placements, we solve for the associated equilibrium urban structure, including the equilibrium rent gradient, city boundary, total number of park visits, the overall utility level, and total vehicle miles traveled. We then examine how these change with alternative park placement sites. We find that, as a prescription for reducing urban sprawl, park provision has mixed results. When placed close to the central business district, the park can result in an increase in inner city housing density; such placement could help ameliorate problems of commuter traffic congestion related to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19610

Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany: Understanding the Role of Regional Administration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Laschewski,   Lutz; Schleyer,   Christian.
With regard to agri-environmental schemes under Regulation (EC) No. 1257/1999 in Europe a rather divers uptake as well as a lack of effectiveness and efficiency of these current schemes can be observed.  In contrast to most of the related literature, we suggest that the ineffectiveness and inefficiency is inherent to the way those schemes are currently institutionalised in the framework of European agricultural policies. The paper draws on experiences made within the GRANO research project on Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Northeast Germany. Among other sub-projects, round tables, so-called Agri-Environmental Forums (AEF), were installed in two districts in Brandenburg to integrate local actors directly into the process of designing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18832

A területhasználat néhány változása és következményei a Tisza-tónál
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vasvari,   Agnes; David,   Lorant; Szabo,   Szilard.
A Tisza-tó jelentős változásokat idézett elő a térség életében, módosult a települések térbeli kiterjedése. Ez a fajta térmódosulás a tanulmányban bemutatott ábrákon kiválóan végigkövethető. Sarud, Abádszalók és Tiszafüred esetében egyértelműen megállapítható, hogy a települések térszerkezetének eltolódása a Tisza-tó partján kínálkozó turisztikai lehetőségek hatására következett be. A településkép beépítettségében, új településrészek kialakításában, a település arculatának módosulásában szintén közrejátszott a Tisza-tó léte. A strandok településformáló hatása is jelentős a feléjük vezető lineáris infrastruktúrák fejlődésében, az út mentén lévő telkek árainak felértékelésében és a parton végbemenő változásokban (például Abádszalók).  Az elárasztással...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Tisza-tó; Területváltozás; Területhasznosítás; Településkép; Turizmus; Tisza Lake; Area change; Land use; Settlement image; Tourism; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119921

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN TO CORN FIELDS: ROLE OF VARIABILITY AND WEATHER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: English,   Burton C.; Mahajanashetti,   S.B.; Roberts,   Roland K.
The use of meta-response functions based on EPIC-generated data resulted in comparisons between variable (VRAT) and uniform rate application technologies for 36 simulated fields.  VRAT was more profitable and less nitrogen was lost to the environment in most cases.   When spatial variability was small, uniform rate application techniques were adopted.   However, when nitrogen use is restricted, VRAT is used on all simulated fields.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision farming; Site-specific farming; Spatial variability; Nitrogen restriction; Rainfall; EPIC; Crop growth simulation model; Meta-response functions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21533

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57026

Explaining Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and its Effects on Farm Productivity and Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Using a three-stage sample selection model, we identify factors affecting the probability and level of participation in CRP. Statistical tests support hypotheses that off-farm work and participation in other farm programs are exogenous to the CRP decision. We compare the relative technical and scale efficiencies for CRP participants and non-participants.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CRP; Choice Modeling; Productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19321

Der biologische Landbau in Österreich – Entwicklungen und Perspektiven
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freyer,   Bernhard; Eder,   Michael; Schneeberger,   Walter; Darnhofer,   Ika; Kirner,   Leopold; Lindenthal,   Thomas; Zollitsch,   Werner.
Until now, organic farming in Austria saw its largest growth in the period between 1994 and 1998. The following factors all contributed to Austria achieving the highest percentage of organic farms in Europe: the early addition of guidelines for organic crop production and animal husbandry to the Austrian Codex Alimentarius, the government support for organic farms during and after conversion through compensatory payments, favourable market conditions through the entrance of supermarket chains, the establishment of a marketing company, an active policy by the organic associations and the development of advisory services. However, this dynamic development has not persisted in the late nineties. Whether the crises in conventional production will provide...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Production; Economics; Market; Conversion; Direct payments; Prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98995

DETERMINANTS OF NON-TIMBER VALUE IN NORTHERN HARDWOODS: A FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST RESOURCE ACCOUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scarpa,   Riccardo; Buongiorno,   Joseph; Hseu,   Jiin-Shyang; Lee,   Karen.
We propose a revealed-preference based definition of non-timber values and apply it to uneven-aged northern hardwoods in Wisconsin.  Non-timber values so defined are found to be sizeable.  Hedonic regressions reveal theoretically consistent signs and plausible magnitudes of determinants.  Regional forest policy and natural resource accounting can both apply this concept.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20799

The potential contribution of forage shrubs to economic returns and environmental management in Australian dryland agricultural systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monjardino,   Marta; Revell,   Dean; Pannell,   David J.
In face of climate change and other environmental challenges, inclusion of perennial forage shrubs in Australian agricultural systems has the potential to deliver multiple benefits: increased whole-farm profitability and improved natural resource management. The profitability of shrubs was investigated using MIDAS (Model of an Integrated Dryland Agricultural System), a bio-economic model of a mixed crop/livestock farming system. We found that including forage shrubs could increase farm profitability by over 20% for an optimal 10% of farm area in shrubs. The impact of shrubs on whole-farm profit accrues primarily through the provision of a predictable supply of “out-of-season” feed, thereby reducing supplementary feed costs, and through the deferment of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Whole-farm modelling; Economics; Perennial species; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51537

Contract Design and Targeting for the Production of Public Goods in Agriculture: The Impact of the 2003 Cap Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartolini,   Fabio; Gallerani,   Vittorio; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
The objective of this paper is to compare different ways of designing agri-environmental contracts and to set targeting under adverse selection, comparing conditions before and after CAP reform 2003. The results suggest that the present contract structure may be relevantly improved through a more accurate design and a clearer target. The reform, through the decoupling mechanism, will contribute to reduce the opportunity cost of the adoption of agri-environmental measures. This may increase the optimal amount of public goods produced by agriculture and will encourage participation by farmers. However, in order to properly exploit the new conditions brought by the 2003 reform, it is necessary to review the way agri-environmental payments are assigned and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Contracts; Multifunctional agriculture; CAP reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q18; Q2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24559

Determinants of Participation in a Catastrophe Insurance Programme: Empirical Evidence from a Developing Country
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Sonia; Brouwer,   Roy; Chowdhury,   Saria; Aziz,   Salina.
The paper presents empirical evidence of the determinants of catastrophe insurance participation in one of the poorest and most disaster prone countries in the world. In a large-scale household survey carried out in 2006 we ask 3,000 residents in six different districts in Bangladesh facing various environmental risk exposure levels about their willingness to participate in a catastrophe insurance programme. Combining factors put forward in risk theory and economics, we estimate a model of insurance participation. We show that the household decision to participate in the insurance programme differs depending on both exogenous and endogenous risk exposure levels. As predicted by micro-economic theory, ability to pay, measured in terms of household income...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural disasters; Catastrophe; Insurance; Participation; Risk; Bangladesh; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5984

STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Benin,   Samuel; Ehui,   Simeon K.
This paper investigates the impacts of population growth, market access, agricultural credit and technical assistance programs, land policies, livelihood strategies and other factors on changes in land management, natural resource conditions and human welfare indicators since 1991 in the northern Ethiopian highlands, based on a survey of 198 villages. We find that population growth has contributed significantly to land degradation, poverty and food insecurity in this region. In contrast, better market access and some credit and technical assistance programs were associated with improvement (or less decline) in land quality, wealth and food security; suggesting the possibility of "win-win-win" development outcomes with appropriate interventions. Land...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Sustainable agriculture; Population pressure; Ethiopian highlands; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16121

Health impacts of small reservoirs in Burkina Faso.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boelee,   Eline; Cecchi,   Philippe; Kone,   Andre.
In Burkina Faso, at least 1,700 small reservoirs have been constructed, most of them during the last 30 years. Numerous and scattered, these beneficial multipurpose systems combine productive with domestic water uses. However, their environmental and health impacts remain insufficiently documented. This report combines data from different sources into syntheses and national maps, with a focus on water-related diseases. The mitigation of negative impacts requires an integrated approach to specifically identify the enhancing and limiting factors that influence environmental impacts and the transmission of diseases around reservoirs. Public awareness campaigns need to accompany the promotion of preventive and curative measures and the development of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Reservoirs; Health hazards; River basins; Water resources development; Environmental effects; Waterborne diseases; Malaria; Schistosomiasis; Control methods; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91869

DESIGNING A SUCCESSFUL VOLUNTARY GREEN SUPPORT PROGRAM: WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
The current debate surrounding the reauthorization of the omnibus farm legislation has refocused policy makers' attention on an expanding set of public goals envision for the Farm Bill. Whereas early Farm Bills mainly addressed farm income goals, recent Farm Bills have given major attention to the environmental quality concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11824

The History and Value of the Elephant in Sri Lankan Society
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Reviews the literature to provide an overview of the historical significance of the elephant in Sri Lankan society, an association which dates back more than 4,000 years. The present status of this relationship assessed on the basis of the findings of a recent study undertaken on the total economic value of elephants in Sri Lanka. This paper, first briefly outlines the history, evolution, nature and their distribution of the Asian elephant while providing some insights on the status of the elephant (Elephas maxima maxima) in Sri Lanka.  Next, it reviews the literature in order to assess the historical affiliation that the elephant has maintained with the Sri Lankan society, its culture, history, mythology and religion. The empirical evidence on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Sri Lanka; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55092

The Kyoto Protocol and the Effect of Existing and Planned Measures in the Agricultural and Forestry Sector in the EU25
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Povellato,   Andrea; Bosello,   Francesco; Buchner,   Barbara K.; Crimi,   Jacopo; Giupponi,   Carlo.
Agricultural and forestry activities cover the majority of the EU territory: in particular agriculture is the main land use type, accounting for more than 41% of the land use in the EU15, while in the new Member States this share ranges between 30 and 60 %,  whereas forestry is the second. The role of agriculture as both a source of and as a sink of greenhouse gases (GHG) varies significantly because of the diversity of production systems adopted by farmers and of the environmental conditions in Europe. The effectiveness of the policy measures adopted so far in the agro-forestry sector to meet the Kyoto target are reported in the National Communications to the UNFCC which now reached its 4th edition. National Communication were used in this reports as the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10267

Does economic endogeneity of site facilities in recreation demand models lead to statistical endogeneity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Min; Lupi,   Frank.
Different kinds of endogeneity problems in Random Utility Models of recreation demand have been studied in previous literature. Some site characteristics, like facilities, could be endogenous in an economic sense due to the interplay of supply and demand. That is, it may be that more popular recreation sites tend to have better site characteristics since managers with limited budgets would be more willing to invest in them. If recreation site improvements are more likely to occur at the more popular sites, then might this economic endogeneity cause problems for econometric models linking site demand to facilities.  In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to test whether this economic endogeneity will lead to statistical endogeneity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Random Utility Models; Facilities; Endogeneity; Monte Carlo simulations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49449

Economic Effects of Environmental Taxation on Chemical Fertilizers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Chang-Gil; Stoecker,   Arthur L.
This paper analyzes the economic effects of environmental taxes on chemical fertilizer in producing rice. A charge of 10 percent tax on nitrogen fertilizer leads to a reduction in fertilizer use of 1.5 percent without changing rice yield, but the farm income is reduced by 0.6 percent. The tax rate of 100 percent leads to a reduction of 14.6 percent in fertilizer use, a 0.4 percent reduction in rice yield, and a 3.6 percent reduction in farm income. A significant feature of eco-taxes imposed on chemical fertilizers is their revenue potential, which could contribute to increasing government budgets for finance pollution control programs, such as education and R&amp;D. This study provides an insight into the application of market-based instrument to achieve...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Polluter-pays-principle; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental tax; Nitrogen fertilizer; Negative externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25501

Ignoring the Multi-species Aspect of Labor Supply Decisions in Spatially Explicit Bio-economic Fishery Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stafford,   Tess.
This paper analyzes the bias associated with ignoring the multi-species aspect of labor supply decisions in spatially explicit bioeconomic fishery models.  Recent advancements have been made to simultaneously model the biology of a marine species and the strategic behavior of harvesters over both time and space in order to more accurately predict the effect of regulatory policies on harvester effort and resource population.  These models assume a nested choice structure in which the harvester first faces a dichotomous decision between fishing for the target species or not on a given day and then chooses a location to fish conditional on participation.  This structure implicitly groups all non-target species options together in the first nest forcing...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Multi-species fisheries; Labor supply; Fisheries management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124367

The Architecture and Measurement of an Ecosystem Services Index
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Boyd,   James.
This paper describes the construction of an ecological services index (ESI). An ESI is meant to summarize and track over time the magnitude of beneficial services arising from the natural environment. A central task of this paper is to define rigorously ecosystem services so that services can be counted in an economically and ecologically defensible manner - a requirement if ecological contributions to welfare are to be incorporated into the national accounts. This paper advocates a particular economic structure and relates it to index theory and makes concrete recommendations for the measurement of such an index.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Green GDP; Index numbers; Ecological economics; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10452

Community Pressure and Clean Technology in the Informal Sector: An Econometric Analysis of the Adoption of Propane by Traditional Mexican Brickmakers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Bannister,   Geoffrey J.
In many developing countries the informal sector, comprised of low-technology unlicensed micro-enterprises, is a major source of pollution. Environmental management in this sector is exceptionally challenging. Though clean technologies offer a means of mitigating the problem, to our knowledge there has been no rigorous empirical research on why informal (or even small-scale) firms do and do not adopt them. As a first step towards filling this gap, this paper presents the results of an econometric analysis of the diffusion of propane among informal 'traditional' brickmakers in Cd. Juárez, Mexico--a leading source of air pollution owing to their reliance on cheap, highly polluting fuels such as used tires and scrap wood. The two key policy implications of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Community pressure; Clean technology; Informal sector; Technology adoption; Brickmaking; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O22; O33; Q25; C25; L61.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10529

TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION AND THE KUZNET'S CURVE IN THE GLOBAL COMMONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hauer,   Grant; Runge,   C. Ford.
Recent empirical work suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between pollution and national income (the environmental Kuznet's curve). This work has typically ignored the fact that pollutants are dispersed to varying degrees. This study shows how varying levels of spatial pollution dispersion  (or "publicness") can affect pollution-income relationships.  A public goods model captures the idea of the "global commons" with two pollutants.  The model suggests that no refutable hypotheses are possible without restrictions on income and substitution effects.  With such restrictions, emission levels are lower for countries that have high pollution spillovers and larger proportions of pollution emitted within their borders.  The model motivates the use of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14423

Why do Farmers Spend Different Amounts of Transaction Costs in Agri-Environmental Schemes?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Anja Michaela.
Agri-environmental schemes provide payments for farmers in return for environmental services. Implementation induces transaction costs (TCs). Borne by farmers (private TCs), their amount may inhibit participation. Research shows substantial variances in private TCs within single schemes, which are largely unexplained to date. Furthermore, no distinction has yet been made in research whether farmers spent TCs due to scheme-prescribed tasks, or voluntarily to achieve "transaction gains.‟ This might be an important factor in farmers‟ perceptions of TCs. The overall aim of this analysis is to explain within-scheme TC variances. TCs are defined functionally as “costs of participation.” The variance in TC spending is assumed to represent a different willingness...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental Schemes; Transaction Costs; Hesse; Germany; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115738

PHOSPHORUS-BASED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLANNING ON DAIRY/POULTRY FARMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Xiao; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Nordberg,   Tone; Wolfe,   Mary Leigh.
The effects of phosphorus (P)-based nutrient management plans on economic and environmental risks of dairy and dairy-poultry farms in Virginia were evaluated.  Phosphorus-based nutrient management plans can greatly reduce P runoff risk but also reduce farmers' returns.  P-based plans cause greater reductions in returns and P runoff on the dairy-poultry farm than on the dairy only farm.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Cost; Mathematical programming; Simulation; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21756

The Role of Forestry Sinks in the CDM - Analysing the Effects of Policy Decisions on the Carbon Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jung,   Martina.
The details on rules and modalities for the inclusion of forestry projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are one of the last non resolved implementation issues of the Kyoto Protocol. We examine in detail the implications of different policy decisions concerning the inclusion of CDM forestry sink enhancement projects in the first commitment period of the climate regime (2008-2012). Our analysis is based on the development of marginal forestry cost curves which are implemented into the carbon market model CERT. The latter is a partial equilibrium model of the international market for emissions permits under the Kyoto Protocol. The scenario analysis sheds light on the role of CDM forestry sinks in the climate regime, the effect of different policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; CERT; LULUCF; Marginal cost curves; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26293

Reducing Agriculture's Nitrogen Footprint: Are New Policy Approaches Needed?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc.
Nitrogen is the single most important input a farmer can control to increase crop yields on nonirrigated fields. Given this, and the fact that nitrogen has been a relatively inexpensive input, farmers have an economic incentive to “apply a little extra” to ensure that crops have the necessary nutrients when they need them most. As a consequence, excess nitrogen remains in the soil and freely moves into water resources or into the atmosphere. Agriculture is the single largest source of nitrogen compounds entering the environment in the U.S., contributing 73 percent of nitrous oxide emissions, 84 percent of ammonia emissions, and 54 percent of nitrate emissions in recent years. The production and release of nitrogen, however, has greatly changed the Earth’s...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121012

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN BRAZIL: INSTRUMENTS AND POSSIBILITIES OF RECONCILIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvim,   Augusto Mussi; Souza,   Osmar Tomaz de; Santin,   Maria Fernanda Cavalieri De Lima.
The objective of this study is to discuss the possible solutions for the problem of environment conservation in Brazil. For this purpose, we initially approached the main instruments of environment management, emphasising the main guidelines and the Brazilian environmental policy structure. Next, in a summarised way, are presented, the main aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and two promising agricultural enterprises in Brazil that  reconcile economic development and the environment in Brazil.----------------------------------O objetivo deste estudo é discutir as possíveis soluções para o problema de conservação do meio ambiente no Brasil. Para isto, inicialmente abordamos os principais instrumentos de gestão do meio ambiente, enfatizando as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Environmental management  instruments and clean development mechanisms; Desenvolvimento econômico; Meio ambiente; Instrumentos de gestão ambiental; Mecanismos de desenvolvimento limpo; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108579

Farmers' Willingness to Grow Cover Crops:  Examining the Economic Factors of Adoption in Alabama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergtold,   Jason S.; Fewell,   Jason E.; Duffy,   Patricia A.
The inclusion of cover crops in cropping systems brings both direct and indirect costs and benefits. The literature has shown that cover crops can improve soil conservation and productivity, potentially improving cash crop yields and decreasing cash crop production costs. Farmers will adopt cover crops if the net economic benefit of utilizing them is positive. This study examines farmers’ willingness to grow cover crops as a soil conservation practice and to examine the socio-economic factors affecting their decision. Survey data collected in 2007-8 from Alabama farmers about cover crop adoption and management is utilized to estimate a cover crop adoption model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cover crops; Conservation; Adoption; Generalized ordered logit; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61486

On the regulation of unobserved emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; de Gorter,   Harry.
Regulation of nonpoint source pollution often relies in one way or another on policy instruments based on ambient indicators. For well-known reasons, enforcement of ambient-based policies is, at best, limited. If no individual choices or actions are observed, than ambient-based regulation might be the only feasible approach. Often, some relevant individual indicators, such as output or certain inputs, are observable. For such cases, we offer a regulation mechanism that does away with ambient indicators. The mechanism implements the optimal output-abatement-emission allocation and gives rise to the full information outcome when the social cost of transfers is nil. Special attention is given to the regulation of (unobserved) abatement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint source pollution; Abatement; Asymmetric information; Regulation mechanism; Implementation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116228

Estimating Mixed Logit Recreation Demand Models With Large Choice Sets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Domanski,   Adam.
Discrete choice models are widely used in studies of recreation demand.  They have proven valuable when modeling situations where decision makers face large choice sets and site substitution is important.  However, when the choice set faced by the individual becomes very large (on the order of hundreds or thousands of alternatives), computational limitations make estimation with the full choice set intractable.  Sampling of alternatives in a conditional logit framework is an effective method to limit computational burdens while still producing consistent estimates.  This method is allowed by the existence of the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption.  More advanced mixed logit models account for unobserved preference heterogeneity and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sampling of alternatives; Discrete choice; Mixed logit; Conditional logit; Recreational demand; Wisconsin; Fishing; Microeconometrics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49413

Walmart's Sustainable Agriculture Commitment (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keck,   Beth.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106132

Factors Influencing Willingness-to-Pay for the Energy Star Label
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   David O.; Clark,   Christopher D.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Russell,   Clifford S.; Yen,   Steven T.
In the United States, nearly 17 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from residential energy use. Increases in energy efficiency for the residential sector can generate significant energy savings and emissions reductions. Consumer labels, such as USEPA’s Energy Star, promote conservation by providing consumers with information on energy usage for household appliances. This study examines how the Energy Star label affects consumer preferences for refrigerators. An online survey of a national sample of adults suggest that consumers are, on average, willing to pay an extra $249.82 to $349.30 for a refrigerator that has been awarded the Energy Star label. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that willingness to pay was motivated by both private...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy Star; Willingness-to-pay; Eco-label; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61141

ÁRVÍZVÉDELMI TÖLTÉSEK GYEPTAKARÓINAK HASZNA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Felkai,   Beata Olga.
Az árvízvédelmi töltések védelmében, az árvizek levonulásában, ezáltal ma-gában az árvízvédelemben a gyepesítésnek jelentős szerepe van. Gazdaságosságát nem lehet egzakt módon bizonyítani, hiszen míg a létesítési és fenntartási költségeket egyértelműen meghatározhatjuk, a bevételi oldal összetett és nehezen számszerűsíthető.  Az árvízvédelmi földgátak gyepesítésének társadalmi hasznossága és gazda-sági előnye mégis vitathatatlan: - közvetlen gazdasági haszon: pl. fűtermés értékesítéséből származó bevétel; - közvetett gazdasági haszon: a kockáztatott vagyonérték sikeres védelme, emberélet védelme (nehezen számszerűsíthető, mérése a mikrorizikó (r) fogal-mának bevezetésével vált kivitelezhetővé); - a társadalom számára is több szempontból kedvező hatással...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Árvízvédelem; Kockázat; Gyepfelület; Vagyon; Gazdasági haszon; Direct and indirect economic benefits; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54420

The Evolution of NOx Control Policy for Coal-Fired Power Plants in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Evans,   David A.
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) contribute to formation of particulate matter and ozone, and also to acidification of the environment. The electricity sector is responsible for about 20% of NOx emissions in the United States, and the sector has been the target of both prescriptive (command-and-control) and flexible (cap-and-trade) approaches to regulation. We summarize the major NOx control policies affecting this sector, and provide some perspectives as to their effectiveness. While both prescriptive and flexible approaches continue to play an important role, significant new proposals have wholly embraced a cap-and-trade approach.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Ozone; Nitrogen oxides; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10645

Reducing Bias from Choice Experiments Estimates in the Demand for Recreation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Longo,   Alberto; Rowan,   Emma; Hutchinson,   W. George.
In valuing the demand for recreation, the literature has grown from using revealed preference methods to applying stated preference methods, namely contingent valuation and choice modelling. Recent attempts have merged revealed and stated preference data to exploit the strengths of both sources of data. We use contingent behaviour and choice experiments data to show that, with choice experiments exercises, when respondents are asked to choose which improvement programme they prefer for a site with recreational opportunities, failing to consider the information explaining the number of visits that respondents intend to take to a recreational site under each hypothetical programme leads to biased coefficients estimates in the models for the choice...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Travel cost; Contingent behaviour; Choice experiments; Revealed preferences; Stated preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q26.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91827

Bioenergy in a Greenhouse Mitigating World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q4; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94503

Ecosystem Services and Food Security: Economic Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   Robert B.
Food security in developing countries depends in part on the sustainable use of natural resources. Food security is usually examined through three dimensions, namely the availability, access, and utilization of food. Ecosystems directly and indirectly support each of these dimensions through the provision of critical ecosystem services that facilitate agricultural production, create income- generating opportunities, and provide energy for cooking. However, in some cases, household uses of natural resources undermine particular elements of  food security, hindering national poverty reduction strategies and threatening the sustainability of critical ecosystem functions. I examine the role of ecosystem services in rural food security through the lens of its...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental sustainability; Ecosystem; Food security; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98782

“Mitigation, Adaptation, Suffering”: In Search of the Right Mix in the Face of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tulkens,   Henry; van Steenberghe,   Vincent.
The usually assumed two categories of costs involved in climate change policy analysis, namely abatement and damage costs, hide the presence of a third category, namely adaptation costs. This dodges the determination of an appropriate level for them. Including adaptation costs explicitly in the total environmental cost function allows one to characterize the optimal (cost minimizing) balance between the three categories, in statics as well as in dynamics. Implications are derived for cost benefit analysis of adaptation expenditures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Adaptation; Suffering; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; H0.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54352

Sustainability Information: A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Digital Commons (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Simon.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106130

Comparison of Funding and Demand for the Conservation of the Charismatic Koala with those for the Critically Endangered Wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This study contrasts the actual conservation spending and the Australian public’s demand for conservation funding for two Australian mammal species, the koala and the northern hairy-nosed wombat. It involves a survey of 204 members of the Australian public. Willingness to fund conservation action to protect the northern hairy-nosed wombat was found to be higher than that for the koala despite the koala’s immense popularity. The critically endangered status of the northern-hairy nosed wombat and the more secure conservation status of the koala is a factor likely to have influenced the comparative willingness-to-pay decisions. Actual annual conservation expenditure for both species is lower than the estimated aggregate willingness-to-pay for their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Charismatic fauna; Conservation demand; Conservation funding; Contingent valuation; Endangerment; Koala; Lasiorhinus krefftii; Northern hairy-nosed wombat; Phascolarctos cinereus; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55067

VIABILITY THEORY AND SOIL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huck,   Petra.
We utilize Viability theory to evaluate the effects of CAP. A differential equation describes the dynamic development of soil productivity. If farmers do without entitlement, they are free in soil handling. And as we assume they are short-term profit maximizers, they miss to pay attention to soil conservation. Soil productivity is at risk; correspondingly, economic sustainability is at risk. But if farmers activate their entitlements, they become obliged to soil conserving measures. The model demonstrates that the decision to participate or not at the "entitlement &amp; cross compliance"-program, depends on payment-level and the effects of the decision depend on the dynamics of the environmental system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture; Viability Theory; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7582

DEALING WITH HEALTH CONCERNS IN NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hite,   Diane; Hoehn,   John P.; Randall,   Alan.
We employ a combination of survey design and econometric techniques to explore ways to deal with health concerns in restoration projects where environmental injuries are severe.  We use data from a referendum contingent valuation  survey for a natural resource restoration project to demonstrate the extent to which health concerns can be controlled.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Environmental economics; Research methods; Econometrics; Statistics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21652

Police-powers, regulatory takings and the efficient compensation of domestic and foreign investors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Karp,   Larry S.; McAusland,   Carol.
In customary international and public law, “takings” resulting from regulations designed to protect the public good are generally excluded from compensation rules; this exclusion is known as a police powers carve-out (PPCO). Increasingly, this PPCO is being challenged, particularly in international investment law. This paper analyzes the efficiency properties of a PPCO in a model with endogenous regulation, investment and entry. We design a one-parameter family of carve-out/compensation schemes that induce efficient regulation and firm level investment even when the regulator suffers fiscal illusion and the social benefit from regulation is private information to the regulator. We show that offering a carve-out reduces the subsidy to risky industry...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory takings; Expropriation; Environment; Foreign direct investment; NAFTA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F21; H4; K3; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42842