Consulta: typeFacets:"Peer-Reviewed Synthesis"
Registros recuperados: 210
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 07:33:38

Exploring the implications of critical complexity for the study of social-ecological systems.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Audouin, Michelle; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ; maudouin@csir.co.za; Preiser, Rika; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University ; rika@sun.ac.za; Nienaber, Shanna; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; SNienaber@csir.co.za; Downsborough, Linda; Monash University ;; Lanz, Johann; ;; Mavengahama, Sydney; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand ;.
The complexity of social-ecological systems is well recognized (Berkes et al. 2003, Norberg and Cumming 2008). However, in the study of such systems, it is often the uncertainty that results from nonlinear interactions that forms the focus of discussion. Here, the normative implications of complexity for our knowledge of such systems are emphasised, by drawing largely on the work of Cilliers (1998, 2005a), who introduced the term "critical complexity." This perspective on complexity is distinct in bringing the value-based choices that frame our knowledge generation strategies to the fore. It is from this view that we investigate the implications of complexity for social-ecological systems research. Based on these implications, we propose a set of five key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Critical complexity; Freshwater conservation; Knowledge types; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

From basic raw material goods to cultural and environmental services: the Chinese bamboo sophistication path
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gutierrez Rodriguez, Lucas; Department of Ecology, Autonomous University of Madrid; Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia; L.GRodriguez@cgiar.org; Yang, Xiaosheng; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; yxiaosheng@263.net; Xie, Jinzhong; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; jzhxie@163.net; Fu, Maoyi; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; fumy1@163.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Bamboo culture; Bamboo economy; Bamboo farmers; Bamboo forests; Bamboo industry; Bamboo plantations; Bamboo tourism; China; Cultural services; Economic services; Forestry; Rural development; Rural livelihoods.
Ano: 2014

Synthesis: Vulnerability, Traps, and Transformations&amp;#8212;Long-term Perspectives from Archaeology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoon, Michael; Arizona State University; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Fabricius, Christo; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; christo.fabricius@gmail.com; Anderies, John M.; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Nelson, Margaret; Arizona State University; mnelson@asu.edu.
In this synthesis, we hope to accomplish two things: 1) reflect on how the analysis of the new archaeological cases presented in this special feature adds to previous case studies  by revisiting a set of propositions reported in a 2006 special feature, and 2) reflect on four main ideas that are more specific to the archaeological cases: i) societal choices are influenced by robustness&amp;#8211;vulnerability trade-offs, ii) there is interplay between robustness&amp;#8211;vulnerability trade-offs and robustness&amp;#8211;performance trade-offs, iii) societies often get locked in to particular strategies, and iv)  multiple positive feedbacks escalate the perceived cost of societal change. We then discuss whether these lock-in traps can be prevented or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Robustness; Trade-offs; Transformation; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Exploring ecosystem-change and society through a landscape lens: recent progress in European landscape research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; University of Copenhagen; tobias.plieninger@ign.ku.dk; Kizos, Thanasis; University of the Aegean; akizos@aegean.gr; Bieling, Claudia; University of Hohenheim; claudia.bieling@uni-hohenheim.de; Budniok, Marie-Alice; European Landowners' Organization; legal@elo.org; Crumley, Carole L.; Uppsala University; crumley@live.unc.edu; Howard, Pip; Forest Communication Network Ltd.; pipahoward@gmail.com; Kolen, Jan; Leiden University; j.c.a.kolen@arch.leidenuniv.nl; Milcinski, Grega; SINERGISE; grega.milcinski@sinergise.com; Palang, Hannes; Tallinn University; palang@tlu.ee; Verburg, Peter H.; VU University Amsterdam; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl.
Landscapes are closely linked to human well-being, but they are undergoing rapid and fundamental change. Understanding the societal transformation underlying these landscape changes, as well as the ecological and societal outcomes of landscape transformations across scales are prime areas for landscape research. We review and synthesize findings from six important areas of landscape research in Europe and discuss how these findings may advance the study of ecosystem change and society and its thematic key priorities. These six areas are: (1) linkages between people and the environment in landscapes, (2) landscape structure and land-use intensity, (3) long-term landscape history, (4) driving forces, processes, and actors of landscape change, (5) landscape...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; European Landscape Convention; Landscape governance; Landscape stewardship; Landscape values; Multiscale landscape modeling; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Merging capabilities and livelihoods: analyzing the use of biological resources to improve well-being
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lienert, Juri; University of Basel, Department of Social Sciences, Sustainability Research Group; juri.lienert@gmail.com; Burger, Paul; University of Basel, Department of Social Sciences, Sustainability Research Group; paul.burger@unibas.ch.
Especially poor people in developing countries depend on biological resources to manage their livelihoods and to generate income. Because these resources are usually public goods, their use is often subjected to what is known as the tragedy of the commons, potentially leading to resource depletion, environmental degradation, and loss of biodiversity, which consequently undermines the availability and capacity of resources to contribute to residents&amp;#8217; well-being in the long run. We suggest addressing this typical sustainability issue from a new angle. Against the backdrop of identifiable shortcomings within two popular analytic approaches, the capability approach (CA) and the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA), we argue for an improved...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Capability approach; Sustainability analysis; Sustainable livelihood approach; Use of biological resources; Valuation; Well-being.
Ano: 2015

The Influence of Philosophical Perspectives in Integrative Research: a Conservation Case Study in the Cairngorms National Park
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evely, Anna C.; Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University; anna_evely@abdn.ac.uk; Fazey, Ioan; University of Wales, Aberystwyth; irf@aber.ac.uk; Pinard, Michelle; Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University; m.a.pinard@abdn.ac.uk; Lambin, Xavier; Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University; x.lambin@abdn.ac.uk.
The benefits of increasing the contribution of the social sciences in the fields of environmental and conservation science disciplines are increasingly recognized. However, integration between the social and natural sciences has been limited, in part because of the barrier caused by major philosophical differences in the perspectives between these research areas. This paper aims to contribute to more effective interdisciplinary integration by explaining some of the philosophical views underpinning social research and how these views influence research methods and outcomes. We use a project investigating the motivation of volunteers working in an adaptive co-management project to eradicate American Mink from the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Interdisciplinarity; Philosophy; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological resilience.
Ano: 2008

Restoring Riparian Ecosystems: The Challenge of Accommodating Variability and Designing Restoration Trajectories
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hughes, Francine M. R; Anglia Polytechnic University; f.hughes@apu.ac.uk; Colston, Adrian; Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve; adrian.colston@nationaltrust.org.uk; Mountford, J. Owen; NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; om@ceh.ac.uk.
Flood disturbance processes play a key role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems and in the maintenance of biodiversity along river corridors. As a result, riparian ecosystems can be described as mobile habitat mosaics characterized by variability and unpredictability. Any river restoration initiative should aim to mimic these attributes. This paper suggests that there needs to be an increased institutional capacity to accept some levels of both variability and unpredictability in the ecological outcomes of river restoration projects. Restoration projects have frequently used some form of historical or contemporary reference system to define objectives and to help in the evaluation process. Using these reference systems can give a false sense of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: River restoration; Predictability; Variability; Restoration trajectories; Reference systems; Wicken Fen; Floodplain forests; Restoration objectives; Restoration evaluation.
Ano: 2005

Review of the flood risk management system in Germany after the major flood in 2013
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thieken, Annegret H.; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; thieken@uni-potsdam.de; Kienzler, Sarah; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; kienzler@uni-potsdam.de; Kreibich, Heidi; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.4 Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany; heidi.kreibich@gfz-potsdam.de; Kuhlicke, Christian; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Urban and Environmental Sociology, Leipzig, Germany; christian.kuhlicke@ufz.de; Kunz, Michael; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; CEDIM - Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; michael.kunz@kit.edu; Otto, Antje; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; anotto@uni-potsdam.de; Petrow, Theresia; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.4 Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany; German Committee for Disaster Reduction (DKKV), Bonn, Germany; thpetrow@uni-potsdam.de; Pisi, Sebastian; German Committee for Disaster Reduction (DKKV), Bonn, Germany; sebastian.pisi@gmx.de.
Widespread flooding in June 2013 caused damage costs of &amp;#8364;6 to 8 billion in Germany, and awoke many memories of the floods in August 2002, which resulted in total damage of &amp;#8364;11.6 billion and hence was the most expensive natural hazard event in Germany up to now. The event of 2002 does, however, also mark a reorientation toward an integrated flood risk management system in Germany. Therefore, the flood of 2013 offered the opportunity to review how the measures that politics, administration, and civil society have implemented since 2002 helped to cope with the flood and what still needs to be done to achieve effective and more integrated flood risk management. The review highlights considerable improvements on many levels, in particular...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: August 2002 flood; Central Europe; Floods Directive; Governance; June 2013 flood; Risk management cycle.
Ano: 2016

The Most Resilient Show on Earth: The Circus as a Model for Viewing Identity, Change, and Chaos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loring, Philip A; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; ftpal@uaf.edu.
Resilience, adaptability, and transformability are all tightly linked to the notion of change, whether in respect to coping with, adapting to, or harnessing it. But in order to understand these forces of change, we first need to recognize its counterpart: identity. Identity of a social-ecological system is not merely a static set of quantifiable feedbacks or indicators, but a more qualitative characterization of what results from the overlap of the social and the ecological. To fully articulate these ideas, I turn to a unique and enduring phenomenon: the traveling circus. Through the many forms they have taken over the last 150 yr, circuses have changed significantly while sustaining a singular identity. As a successful and enduring social system, their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Circus; Panarchy; Resilience; Sustainability; Tribe; Tribalism.
Ano: 2007

Advancing the understanding of behavior in social-ecological systems: results from lab and field experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Lindahl, Therese; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; therese.lindahl@beijer.kva.se; Murphy, James J; Nankai University; University of Alaska Anchorage; Chapman University; murphy@uaa.alaska.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Common-pool resources; Experimental economics; Public goods; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

Ecohealth and resilience thinking: a dialog from experiences in research and practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Resilience thinking and ecosystems approaches to health (EAH), or ecohealth, share roots in complexity science, although they have distinct foundations in ecology and population health, respectively. The current articulations of these two approaches are strongly converging, but each approach has its strengths. Resilience thinking has developed theoretical models to the study of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, whereas ecohealth has a vast repertoire of experience in dealing with complex health issues. With the two fields dovetailing, there is ripe opportunity to create a dialog centered on concepts that are more thoroughly developed in one field, which can then serve to advance the other. In this article, we first present an overview of the ecohealth...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Ecohealth; Ecosystem approaches to health; Health; Resilience thinking; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Law for Country: the Structure of Warlpiri Ecological Knowledge and Its Application to Natural Resource Management and Ecosystem Stewardship
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holmes, Miles  C. C.; Principal Consultant Beit Holmes and Associates; University of Queensland; Milesholmes@internode.on.net; Jampijinpa, Wanta (Stephen Patrick); Australian National University; wanta.jampijinpa@anu.edu.au.
Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK) is deeply encoded in social processes. Our research shows that from an Indigenous perspective, IEK is a way of living whose core aim is to sustain the healthy functioning of people and country through relationships of reciprocity. However, IEK is often portrayed more prosaically as a body of knowledge about the environment. We introduce a framework, called ngurra-kurlu, that enables appreciation of indigenous perspectives on IEK. The framework was identified from the collaborative work of the authors with Warlpiri aboriginal elders in the Tanami Desert region of central Australia. Ngurra-kurlu facilitates cross-cultural understanding by distilling, from a complex cultural system, the five distinct conceptual categories...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal Australians; Anthropology; Central Australia; Cultural natural resource management; Ecosystem stewardship; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Indigenous knowledge; Indigenous land management; Northern Territory  Australia; Social-ecological systems; Warlpiri.
Ano: 2013

Truths and governance for adaptive management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loftin, M. Kent; SynInt Inc.; CAMNet; kloftin@synint.com.
Managing large-scale water resources and ecosystem projects is a never ending job, and success should be measured in terms of achieving desired project performance and not just meeting prescriptive requirements of planning and constructing a project simply on time and within budget.  Success is more than studying, planning, designing, or operating projects.  It is developing the right plan, getting it implemented, and seeing that it is operated and performs properly.  Success requires all of these, and failing any of these results in wasted resources and potential for doing great harm.      Adaptive management can help make success possible by providing a means for solving the most complex problems, answering unanswered questions, and, in general, reducing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecosystem restoration; Governance; Implementation; Integrating risk and uncertainty; Performance; Project management; Resolutional sufficiency; Resolving uncertainties; Risk management; Stakeholders; Success; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2014

Applying a synthetic approach to the resilience of Finnish reindeer herding as a changing livelihood
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sarkki, Simo; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; simo.sarkki@oulu.fi; Komu, Teresa; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; Teresa.komu@oulu.fi; Heikkinen, Hannu I; Cultural Anthropology, University of Oulu, Finland; hannu.i.heikkinen@oulu.fi; Herva, Vesa-Pekka; Archaeology, University of Oulu, Finland; vesa-pekka.herva@oulu.fi.
Reindeer herding is an emblematic livelihood for Northern Finland, culturally important for local people and valuable in tourism marketing. We examine the livelihood resilience of Finnish reindeer herding by narrowing the focus of general resilience on social-ecological systems (SESs) to a specific livelihood while also acknowledging wider contexts in which reindeer herding is embedded. The questions for specified resilience can be combined with the applied DPSIR approach (Drivers; Pressures: resilience to what; State: resilience of what; Impacts: resilience for whom; Responses: resilience by whom and how). This paper is based on a synthesis of the authors&amp;#8217; extensive anthropological fieldwork on reindeer herding and other land uses in Northern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cumulative pressures; DPSIR approach; Environmental governance; Land use; Livelihood resilience; Pastoralism.
Ano: 2016

Potential economic impacts of achieving good environmental status in Black Sea fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Goulding, Ian C; Megapesca Lda, Portugal; ian@megapesca.com; Stobberup, Kim A; Megapesca Lda, Portugal; megapesca@mail.telepac.pt.
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) mandates that European Union (EU) member states achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS) based on an ecosystem-based approach to management. For commercial fisheries, the primary target under the MSFD is one of maximum sustainable yield. Of Black Sea riparian nations, only Romania and Bulgaria are EU member states. Focusing at the supranational level, we review institutions and instruments relevant to management of the Black Sea. The economic values of current fish catches are assessed, and the results of a recent analytical assessment of fish stocks are used to estimate potential future values based on maximum sustainable yields. In the Black Sea region, despite long-standing attempts to improve fisheries...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Black Sea; Economic impacts; Good Environmental Status; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Maximum sustainable yield; Small pelagic fish.
Ano: 2014

Operationalizing the integrated landscape approach in practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Freeman, Olivia E; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); o.freeman@cgiar.org; Duguma, Lalisa A; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); L.A.Duguma@cgiar.org; Minang, Peter A; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); A.Minang@cgiar.org.
The terms &amp;#8220;landscape&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;landscape approach&amp;#8221; have been increasingly applied within the international environmental realm, with many international organizations and nongovernmental organizations using landscapes as an area of focus for addressing multiple objectives, usually related to both environmental and social goals. However, despite a wealth of literature on landscapes and landscape approaches, ideas relating to landscape approaches are diverse and often vague, resulting in ambiguous use of the terms. Our aim, therefore, was to examine some of the main characteristics of different landscape approaches, focusing on how these might be applied in the process of taking a landscape approach. Drawing on a review of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Complex social-ecological systems; Integrated landscape approach; Multifunctionality; Participation; Sustainability; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2015

Setting Biodiversity Targets in Participatory Regional Planning: Introducing Ecoprofiles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Opdam, Paul; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; Department of Land Use Planning, Wageningen University; paul.opdam@wur.nl; Pouwels, Rogier; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; rogier.pouwels@wur.nl; Rooij, Sabine van; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; sabine.vanrooij@wur.nl; Vos, Claire C; Alterra Landscape Centre, Wageningen University and Research; claire.vos@wur.nl.
In highly developed regions, ecosystems are often severely fragmented, whereas the conservation of biodiversity is highly rated. Regional and local actor groups are often involved in the regional planning, but when making decisions they make insufficient use of scientific knowledge of the ecological system that is being changed. The ecological basis of regional landscape change would be improved if knowledge-based systems tailored to the cyclic process of planning and negotiation and to the expertise of planners, designers and local interest groups were available.   If regional development is to be sustainable, goals for biodiversity must be set in relation to the actual and demanded patterns of ecosystems. We infer a set of prerequisites for the effective...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity targets; Ecosystem networks; Landscape ecology; Metapopulation persistence; Multifunctional landscapes; Multi-stakeholder decision making; Regional planning; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2008

Co-engineering Participatory Water Management Processes: Theory and Insights from Australian and Bulgarian Interventions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daniell, Katherine A.; Centre for Policy Innovation, The Australian National University ; katherine.daniell@anu.edu.au; White, Ian; The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; ian.white@anu.edu.au; Ribarova, Irina S.; University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy; ribarova_fhe@uacg.bg; Coad, Peter; Hornsby Shire Council; PCoad@hornsby.nsw.gov.au; Rougier, Jean-Emmanuel; Lisode; Jean-Emmanuel.Rougier@lisode.com; Hare, Matthew; UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC), United Nations University; hare@unwater.unu.edu; Jones, Natalie A.; School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland; natalie.a.j@gmail.com; Popova, Albena; University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy; albena_krasimirova@abv.bg; Perez, Pascal; College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University; Marine and Atmospheric Research Division, Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) ; pascal.perez@anu.edu.au; Burn, Stewart; Land and Water, Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization  (CSIRO) ; Stewart.Burn@csiro.au.
Broad-scale, multi-governance level, participatory water management processes intended to aid collective decision making and learning are rarely initiated, designed, implemented, and managed by one person. These processes mostly emerge from some form of collective planning and organization activities because of the stakes, time, and budgets involved in their implementation. Despite the potential importance of these collective processes for managing complex water-related social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, little research focusing on the project teams that design and organize participatory water management processes has ever been undertaken. We have begun to fill this gap by introducing and outlining the concept of a co-engineering process and examining...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Co-engineering; Conflict; Multiple objectives; Negotiation; Participatory process; Planning; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Promoting Health and Well-Being by Managing for Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Resilience: the Potential of Integrating Ecohealth and Water Resources Management Approaches
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bunch, Martin J; Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; bunchmj@yorku.ca; Morrison, Karen E; Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; karenm@uoguelph.ca; Parkes, Margot W; Health Sciences Program, University of Northern British Columbia; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; mwparkes@interchange.ubc.ca; Venema, Henry D; International Institute for Sustainable Development; Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health; hvenema@iisd.ca.
In coupled social&amp;#8211;ecological systems, the same driving forces can result in combined social and environmental health inequities, hazards, and impacts. Policies that decrease social inequities and improve social cohesion, however, also have the potential to improve health outcomes and to minimize and offset the drivers of ecosystem change. Actions that address both biophysical and social environments have the potential to create a "double dividend" that improves human health, while also promoting sustainable development. One promising approach to managing the  complex, reciprocal interactions among ecosystems, society, and health  is the integration of the ecohealth approach (which holds that human  health and well-being are both dependent on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecohealth; Ecosystem approach; Environment and health; Environmental determinants of health; Health promotion; Integrated water resources management; Resilience; Social determinants of health; Watershed governance; Watershed management.
Ano: 2011

Locust Control in Transition: The Loss and Reinvention of Collective Action in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toleubayev, Kazbek; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kazbek.Toleubayev@wur.nl; Jansen, Kees; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kees.Jansen@wur.nl; van Huis, Arnold; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Arnold.vanHuis@wur.nl.
The inability to organize collective action for pest control can lead to severe problems. This paper focuses on the locust management system in Kazakhstan since the formation of the Soviet State. During the Transition Period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Plant Protection Service disintegrated. The principles of central planning were replaced with individualistic approaches with little state involvement in pest control activities or pesticide regulation. The financial and ideological reasons for dismantling the existing pest control system did not recognize the potential impact that policy-induced changes in agro-ecological conditions and control practices would have on pest development. Nature hit back at the induced institutional change that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutional change; Kazakhstan; Knowledge; Land use; Locust; Plant protection; Public good; Soviet Union; Transition period.
Ano: 2007

Coproductive capacities: rethinking science-governance relations in a diverse world
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Kerkhoff, Lorrae E.; The Australian National University; lorrae.vankerkhoff@anu.edu.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; llebel@loxinfo.co.th.
Tackling major environmental change issues requires effective partnerships between science and governance, but relatively little work in this area has examined the diversity of settings from which such partnerships may, or may not, emerge. In this special feature we draw on experiences from around the world to demonstrate and investigate the consequences of diverse capacities and capabilities in bringing science and governance together. We propose the concept of coproductive capacities as a useful new lens through which to examine these relations. Coproductive capacity is &amp;#8220;the combination of scientific resources and governance capability that shapes the extent to which a society, at various levels, can operationalize relationships between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Capacity development; Coproduction; Environmental governance; Environmental policy; Knowledge; Scale; Science-policy interface; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2015

Resilience to Surprises through Communicative Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Goldstein, Bruce Evan; Department of Planning and Design, University of Colorado, Denver; brugomail@yahoo.com.
Resilience thinkers share an interest in collaborative deliberation with communicative planners, who aim to accommodate different forms of knowledge and styles of reasoning to promote social learning and yield creative and equitable agreements. Members of both fields attended a symposium at Virginia Tech in late 2008, where communicative planners considered how social&amp;#8211;ecological resilience informed new possibilities for planning practice beyond disaster mitigation and response. In turn, communicative planners offered resilience scholars ideas about how collaboration could accomplish more than enhance rational decision making of the commons. Through these exchanges, the symposium fostered ideas about collaborative governance and the critical role...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Communicative planning; Resilience; Surprises.
Ano: 2009

Resilience and Vulnerability: Complementary or Conflicting Concepts?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Fiona; Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne; millerf@unimelb.edu.au; Osbahr, Henny; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development and the Walker Institute for Climate Systems Research, University of Reading; h.osbahr@reading.ac.uk; Boyd, Emily; Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; e.boyd@leeds.ac.uk; Bharwani, Sukaina; Stockholm Environment Institute (Oxford); sukaina.bharwani@sei.se; Ziervogel, Gina; Stockholm Environment Institute (Oxford); Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG), University of Cape Town; gina@egs.uct.ac.za; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Australia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; van der Leeuw, Sander; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu; Hinkel, Jochen ; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; hinkel@pik-potsdam.de; Downing, Tom; Stockholm Environment Institute (Oxford); tomdowning.sei@gmail.com; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Nelson, Donald; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; dnelson@uga.edu.
Resilience and vulnerability represent two related yet different approaches to understanding the response of systems and actors to change; to shocks and surprises, as well as slow creeping changes. Their respective origins in ecological and social theory largely explain the continuing differences in approach to social-ecological dimensions of change. However, there are many areas of strong convergence. This paper explores the emerging linkages and complementarities between the concepts of resilience and vulnerability to identify areas of synergy. We do this with regard to theory, methodology, and application. The paper seeks to go beyond just recognizing the complementarities between the two approaches to demonstrate how researchers are actively engaging...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hazards; Interdisciplinarity; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2010

Biological Diversity and Resilience: Lessons from the Recovery of Cichlid Species in Lake Victoria
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Awiti, Alex O; The Aga Khan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences (East Africa); aawiti@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Eutrophication; Lake Victoria; Nile perch; Recovery of haplochromine cichlids; Resilience; Response diversity.
Ano: 2011

Educating for resilience in the North: building a toolbox for teachers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spellman, Katie V.; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; katie.spellman@alaska.edu.
Communities at far northern latitudes must respond rapidly to the many complex problems that are arising from changing climate. An emerging body of theoretical and empirical work has explored the role that education plays in enhancing the resilience and adaptability of social-ecological systems. To foster effective, local, and timely responses of high-latitude communities to climate-driven social-ecological change, educators need access to successful and efficient teaching tools to foster resilience-promoting feedbacks. The potential for existing teaching practices to address this need, however, must be investigated and communicated to teachers. Here, I review the education and sustainability science literature for attributes of resilience to which formal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Citizen science; Human capital; Metacognition; Pedagogy; Scenarios thinking; Sense of place; Social capital; Social-ecological resilience; Systems thinking.
Ano: 2015

The power problematic: exploring the uncertain terrains of political ecology and the resilience framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ingalls, Micah L; Poverty-Environment Initiative, United Nations Development Programme; Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mli6@cornell.edu; Stedman, Richard C; Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; rcs6@cornell.edu.
Significant and growing concerns relating to global social and environmental conditions and processes have raised deep questions relating to the ability of traditional governance regimes to manage for the complexities of social-ecological systems. The resilience framework provides a more dynamic approach to system analysis and management, emphasizing nonlinearity, feedbacks, and multiscalar engagement along the social-ecological nexus. In recent years, however, a number of scholars and practitioners have noted various insufficiencies in the formulation of the resilience framework, including its lack of engagement with the dimensions of power within social-ecological systems, which blunt the analytical potential of resilience and run the risk of undermining...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Political ecology; Power; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016

People, Power, and the Coast: a Conceptual Framework for Understanding and Implementing Benefit Sharing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wynberg, Rachel; Environmental Evaluation Unit, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town; rachel.wynberg@uct.ac.za; Hauck, Maria; Environmental Evaluation Unit, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town; MHauck4@gmail.com.
The concept of benefit sharing has seen growing adoption in recent years by a variety of sectors. However, its conceptual underpinnings, definitions, and framework remain poorly articulated and developed. We aim to help address this gap by presenting a new conceptual approach for enhancing understanding about benefit sharing and its implementation. We use the coast as a lens through which the analysis is framed because of the intricate governance challenges which coastal social&amp;#8211;ecological systems present, the increasing development and exploitation pressures on these systems, and the growing need to improve understanding about the way in which greater equity and reduced inequalities could reduce conflicts, protect coastal ecosystems, and ensure...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coastal communities; Governance; Inequality; Power.
Ano: 2014

Livelisystems: a conceptual framework integrating social, ecosystem, development, and evolutionary theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dorward, Andrew R.; SOAS, University of London; ad55@soas.ac.uk.
Human activity poses multiple environmental challenges for ecosystems that have intrinsic value and also support that activity. Our ability to address these challenges is constrained by, among other things, weaknesses in cross-disciplinary understandings of interactive processes of change in social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. This paper draws on complementary insights from social and biological sciences to propose a &amp;#8220;livelisystems&amp;#8221; framework of multiscale, dynamic change across social and biological systems. This describes how material, informational, and relational assets, asset services, and asset pathways interact in systems with embedded and emergent properties undergoing a variety of structural transformations. Related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental change; Livelisystems; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

A Theory of Transformative Agency in Linked Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Westley, Frances R.; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Tjornbo, Ola; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience; ola.tjornbo@gmail.com; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre; lisen@ecology.su.se; Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre; per.olsson@stockholmresilience.su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se.
We reviewed the literature on leadership in linked social-ecological systems and combined it with the literature on institutional entrepreneurship in complex adaptive systems to develop a new theory of transformative agency in linked social-ecological systems. Although there is evidence of the importance of strategic agency in introducing innovation and transforming approaches to management and governance of such systems, there is no coherent theory to explain the wide diversity of strategies identified. Using Holling&amp;#8217;s adaptive cycle as a model of phases present in innovation and transformation of resilient social-ecological systems, overlaid by Dorado&amp;#8217;s  model of opportunity context (opaque, hazy, transparent) in complex adaptive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Institutional entrepreneurship; Skills; Social innovation; Transformation of linked social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

An Indicator Framework for Assessing Agroecosystem Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cabell, Joshua F; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; josh.cabell@gmail.com; Oelofse, Myles; Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Copenhagen University; myles@life.ku.dk.
Taking departure in the theory of resilience in social-ecological systems, we present an analysis and discussion of how resilience theory can be applied to agroecosystems. Building on the premise that agroecosystems are too complex for resilience to be measured in any precise manner, we delineate behavior-based indicators of resilience within agroecosystems. Based on a review of relevant literature, we present and discuss an index of 13 such indicators, which, when identified in an agroecosystem, suggest that it is resilient and endowed with the capacity for adaptation and transformation. Absence of these indicators identifies points of intervention for managers and stakeholders to build resilience where there is vulnerability. The indicators encompass...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Agroecosystems; Behavior-based indicators; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Economic Factors Affecting Diversified Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowman, Maria S.; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley; maria.s.bowman@berkeley.edu; Zilberman, David; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley; zilber11@berkeley.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Diversified farming systems; Economics.
Ano: 2013

Powerless Spectators, Coping Actors, and Adaptive Co-managers: a Synthesis of the Role of Communities in Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University, South Africa; christo.fabricius@gmail.com; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@ecology.su.se; Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University, South Africa; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm University; lisen@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Community-based ecosystem management; Governance; Livelihoods; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
Ano: 2007

Resilient Social Relationships and Collaboration in the Management of Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nkhata, Abraham B.; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal; bankhata@yahoo.com; Breen, Charles M.; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal; breen@mweb.co.za; Freimund, Wayne A.; Department of Society and Conservation, The University of Montana; wayne.freimund@umontana.edu.
This paper proposes and articulates a social relationships perspective of collaboration in the management of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems (SESs). It provides a conceptual premise for understanding the dynamics of long-term social relationships that underlie collaborative processes. We argue that a resilience approach offers a better perspective for the study of change in long-term relationships. A conceptual framework based on the theories of resilience and social relationships is developed for analyzing the evolution of collaborative schemes. The essence of the framework is to facilitate understanding and building of resilient social relationships for effective collaboration through interpreting and managing relational change. We suggest that an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Relational capital; Relational change; Relational connectedness; Resilience; Social relationships; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2008

Opportunities to utilize traditional phenological knowledge to support adaptive management of social-ecological systems vulnerable to changes in climate and fire regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armatas, Christopher A.; University of Montana; christopher.armatas@umontana.edu; Venn, Tyron J.; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of Montana; tvenn@usc.edu.au; McBride, Brooke B.; University of Montana; brooke.mcbride@umontana.edu; Watson, Alan E.; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute; awatson@fs.fed.us; Carver, Steve J.; University of Leeds; s.j.carver@leeds.ac.uk.
The field of adaptive management has been embraced by researchers and managers in the United States as an approach to improve natural resource stewardship in the face of uncertainty and complex environmental problems. Integrating multiple knowledge sources and feedback mechanisms is an important step in this approach. Our objective is to contribute to the limited literature that describes the benefits of better integrating indigenous knowledge (IK) with other sources of knowledge in making adaptive-management decisions. Specifically, we advocate the integration of traditional phenological knowledge (TPK), a subset of IK, and highlight opportunities for this knowledge to support policy and practice of adaptive management with reference to policy and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Fire-adapted ecosystems; Indigenous fire management; Resilience; Traditional ecological knowledge; Western United States.
Ano: 2016

Sustainability Learning in Natural Resource Use and Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Modelling social-ecological systems; Social learning; Sustainability.
Ano: 2007

The study of human values in understanding and managing social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Natalie A.; University of Queensland; n.jones3@uq.edu.au; Shaw, Sylvie; University of Queensland; sylvie.shaw@internode.on.net; Ross, Helen; University of Queensland; helen.ross@uq.edu.au; Witt, Katherine; University of Queensland; k.witt@uq.edu.au; Pinner, Breanna; University of Queensland; breannapinner@gmail.com.
The study of cognition can provide key insights into the social dimension of coupled social-ecological systems. Values are a fundamental aspect of cognition, which have largely been neglected within the social-ecological systems literature. Values represent the deeply held, emotional aspects of people&amp;#8217;s cognition and can complement the use of other cognitive constructs, such as knowledge and mental models, which have so far been better represented in this area of study. We provide a review of the different conceptualizations of values that are relevant to the study of human-environment interactions: held, assigned, and relational values. We discuss the important contribution values research can make toward understanding how social-ecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Human-nature relationships; Values.
Ano: 2016

Complexity, Modeling, and Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cilliers, Paul; University of Stellenbosch; fpc@sun.ac.za; Biggs, Harry C.; South African National Parks; biggs@sanparks.org; Blignaut, Sonja; The Narrative Lab; sonja@narrativelab.co.za; Choles, Aiden G.; The Narrative Lab; aiden@narrativelab.co.za; Hofmeyr, Jan-Hendrik S.; University of Stellenbosch; jhsh@sun.ac.za; Jewitt, Graham P. W.; University of Kwazulu Natal; jewittg@ukzn.ac.za; Roux, Dirk J.; South African National Parks; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Monash South Africa; dirkr@sanparks.org.
This paper contends that natural resource management (NRM) issues are, by their very nature, complex and that both scientists and managers in this broad field will benefit from a theoretical understanding of complex systems. It starts off by presenting the core features of a view of complexity that not only deals with the limits to our understanding, but also points toward a responsible and motivating position. Everything we do involves explicit or implicit modeling, and as we can never have comprehensive access to any complex system, we need to be aware both of what we leave out as we model and of the implications of the choice of our modeling framework. One vantage point is never sufficient, as complexity necessarily implies that multiple (independent)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Diversity; Management; Mental models; Resilience; Social complexity; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2013

Understanding Human-Fire Interactions in Tropical Forest Regions: a Case for Interdisciplinary Research across the Natural and Social Sciences.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carmenta, Rachel; Lancaster Environment Centre; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); rcarmenta@hotmail.com; Parry, Luke; Lancaster Environment Centre; lukeparry1@gmail.com; Blackburn, Alan; Lancaster Environment Centre; alan.blackburn@lancaster.ac.uk; Vermeylen, Saskia; Lancaster Environment Centre; s.vermeylen@lancaster.ac.uk; Barlow, Jos; Lancaster Environment Centre; josbarlow@gmail.com.
Fire in the forested tropics has profound environmental, economic, and social impacts at multiple geographical scales.  Causes of tropical fires are widely documented, although research contributions are from many disciplines, and each tends to focus on specific facets of a research problem, which might limit understanding of fire as a complex social-ecological system. We conducted a systematic review to (1) examine geographic and methodological focus in tropical fire research; (2) identify which types of landholders are the focus of the research effort; (3) test for a research method effect on the variables, e.g., socio-political, economic, and climatic, identified as causes of and proposed management solutions to tropical fire; and (4) examine...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fire management; Interdisciplinary research; Multiscale analysis; Scale-pattern-process; Social-ecological systems; Tropical forests.
Ano: 2011

Sustainability assessment and complementarity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noe, Egon; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University; egon.noe@agro.au.dk.
Sustainability assessments bring together different perspectives that pertain to sustainability to produce overall assessments, and a wealth of approaches and tools have been developed in the past decades. However, two major problems remain. The problem of integration concerns the surplus of possibilities for integration; different tools produce different assessments. The problem of implementation concerns the barrier between assessment and transformation; assessments do not lead to the expected changes in practice. We aim to analyze issues of complementarity in sustainability assessment and transformation as a key to better handling the problems of integration and implementation. Based on a generalization of Niels Bohr&amp;#8217;s complementarity from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complementarity; Food system sustainability; Implementation; Indexation; Integration; Multicriteria assessment; Niels Bohr; Perspectivism; Sustainability transformation; Sustainability transition.
Ano: 2016

The People Paradox: Self-Esteem Striving, Immortality Ideologies, and Human Response to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dickinson, Janis L; Cornell University; jld84@cornell.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental behavior  birds  icons  social psychology  terror management theory  conservation; Immortality projects.
Ano: 2009

A Systems Approach Framework for the Transition to Sustainable Development: Potential Value Based on Coastal Experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopkins , Tom  S.; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA; CNR Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Naples, Italy; tom_hopkins@ncsu.edu; Bailly, Denis; University of Brest, Brest, France; Denis.Bailly@univ-brest.fr; Elmgren, Ragnar; Stockholm University; ragnar.elmgren@ecology.su.se; Glegg, Gillian; Plymouth Marine Station; G.Glegg@plymouth.ac.uk; Sandberg , Audun ; ; audun.sandberg@hibo.no.
This article explores the value of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF) as a tool for the transition to sustainable development in coastal zone systems, based on 18 study sites in Europe, where the SAF was developed and tested. The knowledge gained from these experiments concerns the practical aspects of (a) governance in terms of policy effectiveness, (b) sustainability science in terms of applying transdisciplinary science to social&amp;#8211;ecological problems, and (c) simulation analysis in terms of quantifying dysfunctions in complex systems.  This new knowledge can help broaden our perspectives on how research can be changed to better serve society. The infusion of systems thinking into research and policy making leads to a preference for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coastal zones; Integrated coastal zone management; Non-market valuation; Scale-free networks; Simulation analysis; Sustainability science; Sustainable development; Systems approach; Transdisciplinary assessments.
Ano: 2012

Scenarios for Resilient Shrimp Aquaculture in Tropical Coastal Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bush, Simon R.; Wageningen University; simon.bush@wur.nl; van Zwieten, Paul A.M.; Wageningen University; paul.vanzwieten@wur.nl; Visser, Leontine; Wageningen University; leontine.visser@wur.nl; van Dijk, Han; Wageningen University; han.vandijk@wur.nl; Bosma, Roel; Wageningen University; roel.bosma@wur.nl; de Boer, Willem F.; Wageningen University; Fred.deBoer@wur.nl; Verdegem, Marc; Wageningen University; marc.verdegem@wur.nl.
We contend there are currently two competing scenarios for the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas of Southeast Asia. First, a landscape approach, where farming techniques for small-scale producers are integrated into intertidal areas in a way that the ecological functions of mangroves are maintained and shrimp farming diseases are controlled. Second, a closed system approach, where problems of disease and effluent are eliminated in closed recirculation ponds behind the intertidal zone controlled by industrial-scale producers. We use these scenarios as two ends of a spectrum of possible interactions at a range of scales between the ecological, social, and political dynamics that underlie the threat to the resilience of mangrove...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coastal fisheries; Governance; Livelihood decision making; Mangrove; Shrimp-aquaculture; Social-ecological systems; South-East Asia; Trans-disciplinary research; WSSV disease.
Ano: 2010

Resilience Thinking and a Decision-Analytic Approach to Conservation: Strange Bedfellows or Essential Partners?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred A; United States Geological Survey; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Williams, B. Ken; The Wildlife Society; byron_ken_williams@nbs.gov; Nichols, James D; United States Geological Survey; Jim_Nichols@usgs.gov.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Alternative stability regime; Biodiversity; Conservation; Decision analysis; Decision science; Dynamic decisions; Modeling; Optimization; Resilience; Robust decision making; Systems; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Local Actions, Global Effects? Understanding the Circumstances in which  Locally Beneficial Environmental Actions Cumulate to Have Global Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rudel, Thomas K; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University; rudel@aesop.rutgers.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Altruistic environmentalism; Defensive environmentalism; Focusing events; Local-global interactions.
Ano: 2011

Public Participation and Institutional Fit: A Social&amp;#8211;Psychological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: DeCaro, Daniel A.; Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory &amp; Policy Analysis, Indiana University; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville; Center for Land Use and Environmental Responsibility, University of Louisville; decaro.daniel@gmail.com; Stokes, Michael K.; Western Kentucky University; Micheal.Stokes@wku.edu.
Public participation plays a role in the development and long-term maintenance of environmental institutions that are well-matched to local social&amp;#8211;ecological conditions. However, the means by which public participation impacts such institutional fit remains unclear. We argue that one major reason for this lack of clarity is that analysts have not clearly outlined how humankind&amp;#8217;s sense of agency, or self-determination, influences institutional outcomes. Moreover, the concept of institutional fit is ambiguous as to what constitutes a good fit and how such fit could be diagnosed or improved. This is especially true for &amp;#8220;social fit,&amp;#8221; or how well institutions match human expectations and local behavioral patterns. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Autonomy-support; Environmental management; Institutional fit; Procedural justice; Psychology; Public participation; Self-determination; Social acceptability; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2013

Introduction to the Special Feature on rebuilding fisheries and threatened communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ommer, Rosemary E; University of Victoria; ommer@uvic.ca; Neis, Barbara; Memorial University of Newfoundland; bneis@mun.ca.
In this introductory essay to the Special Feature on rebuilding fisheries and threatened communities, we review the contributions of the researchers whose work is contained in this Special Feature. The essays are reviewed using the lens of the three questions that were posed by the Special Feature editors: Why is rebuilding so challenging? What is the relationship between fishery collapse/degradation and short- and long-term issues for food security, livelihoods, employment, and industrial and community resilience? How can we avoid situations in which the communities and people who may have contributed least to collapses/degradation end up paying the most for rebuilding and, indeed, may no longer be in a position where they can benefit from the results of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Changing industrial structures and organizational and industrial strategies from ocean to plate; Geographic locus of key decision-making about fisheries management; Higher-level governance actions; Marine social-ecological interactions in the form of shifting ecologies.
Ano: 2014

The pathology of command and control: a formal synthesis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu.
One of the most important theories in the study of environmental governance and policy is the pathology of command and control, which describes the negative consequences of top-down, technocratic governance of social and ecological systems. However, to date, this theory has been expressed somewhat inconsistently and informally in the literature, even by the seminal works that have established its importance and popularized it. This presents a problem for the sustainability science community if it cannot be sure of the precise details of one of its most important theories. Without such precision, applications and tests of various elements of the theory cannot be conducted reliably to advance the knowledge of environmental governance. I address this problem...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Centralization; Command and control; Theoretical synthesis.
Ano: 2016

Designing Collaborative Processes for Adaptive Management:  Four Structures for Multistakeholder Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pratt Miles, Jennifer D.; Meridian Institute; jprattmiles@merid.org.
Parties should consider a collaborative approach to scientific inquiry and learning when there are multiple jurisdictions, resource users, and viewpoints about the best way to manage a social-ecological system. A collaborative process provides a forum for scientists, managers, and other stakeholders to raise and explain concerns, articulate management goals, and suggest strategies to address concerns and management actions to achieve goals. Collaborative problem solving engages parties in dialogue that facilitates understanding of different perspectives and creates an opportunity to reframe problems as hypotheses to be tested through the adaptive management process.    I review four potential structures for multistakeholder collaboration that have been...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaboration; Collaborative process; Ecosystem management; Natural resource management; Stakeholder.
Ano: 2013

Resilient Salmon, Resilient Fisheries for British Columbia, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Healey, Michael C; University of British Columbia; CALFED Bay-Delta Program; healey@interchange.ubc.ca.
Salmon are inherently resilient species. However, this resiliency has been undermined in British Columbia by a century of centralized, command-and-control management focused initially on maximizing yield and, more recently, on economic efficiency. Community and cultural resiliency have also been undermined, especially by the recent emphasis on economic efficiency, which has concentrated access in the hands of a few and has disenfranchised fishery-dependent communities. Recent declines in both salmon stocks and salmon prices have revealed the systemic failure of the current management system. If salmon and their fisheries are to become viable again, radically new management policies are needed. For the salmon species, the emphasis must shift from maximizing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Pacific salmon; Resilience; Sustainable fisheries.
Ano: 2009

Hot adaptation: what conflict can contribute to collaborative natural resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Laws, David; University of Amsterdam; d.w.laws@uva.nl; Hogendoorn, Daniel; Technical University of Delft; daniel.hogendoorn@gmail.com; Karl, Herman; Visting Research Faculty, Antioch University New England, Keene, New Hampshire; Affiliate Associate Professor, University of New Hampshire; hkarl@comcast.net.
We analyze the impact of conflict on the adaptive comanagement of social-ecological systems. We survey the risks and the resources that conflict creates and review experiences with public policy mediation as a set of practical hypotheses about how to work collaboratively under conditions of conflict. We analyze the significance of these features in the context of an approach to adaptive comanagement that we call &amp;#8220;hot adaptation.&amp;#8221; Hot adaptation is organized to draw on the energy and engagement that conflict provides to enhance the capacity for deliberation and learning around the wicked problems that constitute the working terrain of adaptive comanagement.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaborative adaptive management; Conflict resolution; Emotion; Public policy mediation.
Ano: 2014

Opportunities for Collaborative Adaptive Management Progress: Integrating Stakeholder Assessments into Progress Measurement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkley, Jim; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; jberkleyh2o@gmail.com.
Collaborative Adaptive Management (CAM) program stakeholders informally assess program progress through subjective assessments regularly. Each stakeholder does this by individually selecting objective progress indicators based on their needs, values, and preferences. They do this even though there may be a stakeholder group agreed-on set of progress objectives. Individual stakeholder indicators may be a subset of the group set or outside of the agreed-on set. This is because many factors influence behavior, and stakeholders may act differently in group settings as opposed to individual settings. These assessments can provide valuable information about stakeholder needs that are not being met, and potential motivations for stakeholders circumventing a CAM...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Adaptive Management Working Group; AMP; AMWG; Attitudes; Behavior; Collaborative adaptive management; Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; Missouri River Recovery Program; MRRP; Progress; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2013

Urban water sustainability: framework and application
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yang, Wu; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, China; wyang@zju.edu.cn; Hyndman, David W.; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; hyndman@msu.edu; Winkler, Julie A.; Department of Geography, Michigan State University, USA; winkler@msu.edu; Deines, Jillian M.; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; jillian.deines@gmail.com; Lupi, Frank; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, USA; lupi@msu.edu; Luo, Lifeng; Department of Geography, Michigan State University, USA; lluo@msu.edu; Li, Yunkai; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, China Agriculture University, China; liyunkai@126.com; Basso, Bruno; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; basso@msu.edu; Zheng, Chunmiao; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, China; Center for Water Research, College of Engineering, Peking University, China; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, USA; czheng@pku.edu.cn; Ma, Dongchun; Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; mdc@bwsti.com; Li, Shuxin; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; lishu@msu.edu; Liu, Xiao; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, USA; liuxia32@msu.edu; Zheng, Hua; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; zhenghua@rcees.ac.cn; Cao, Guoliang; Center for Water Research, College of Engineering, Peking University, China; gliang.cao@gmail.com; Meng, Qingyi; Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, China; mqy@bwsti.com; Ouyang, Zhiyun; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu.
Urban areas such as megacities (those with populations greater than 10 million) are hotspots of global water use and thus face intense water management challenges. Urban areas are influenced by local interactions between human and natural systems and interact with distant systems through flows of water, food, energy, people, information, and capital. However, analyses of water sustainability and the management of water flows in urban areas are often fragmented. There is a strong need to apply integrated frameworks to systematically analyze urban water dynamics and factors that influence these dynamics. We apply the framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) to analyze urban water issues, using Beijing as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Megacity; Spillover effects; Sustainability; Systems approach; Telecoupling; Virtual water; Water management.
Ano: 2016

REDD+ policy networks: exploring actors and power structures in an emerging policy domain
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; m.brockhaus@cgiar.org; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; m.digregorio@leeds.ac.uk; Carmenta, Rachel; Center for International Forestry Research; R.Carmenta@cgiar.org.
Policy making is often neither rational nor solution-oriented, but driven by negotiations of interests of multiple actors that increasingly tend to take place in policy networks. Such policy networks integrate societal actors beyond the state, which all aim, to different degrees, at influencing ongoing policy processes and outcomes. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) can be considered as such an emerging policy domain, in which actors cooperate and conflict in network structures, build coalitions and try to control information and finance flows relevant for REDD+ decision making. This special feature is the result of an extensive comparative research effort to investigate national level REDD+ policy processes and emerging...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agency; Climate change; Comparative analysis; Discourse coalitions; Policy network analysis; Power; REDD+; SNA; Transformational change.
Ano: 2014

The Challenge of Collecting and Using Environmental Monitoring Data
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biber, Eric; University of California, Berkeley; ebiber@law.berkeley.edu.
The monitoring of ambient environmental conditions is essential to environmental management and regulation. However, effective monitoring is subject to a range of institutional, political, and legal constraints, constraints that are a product of the need for monitoring to be continuous, long lived, and well matched to the resources being studied. Political pressure or myopia, conflicting agency goals, the need for institutional autonomy, or a reluctance of agency scientists to pursue monitoring all may make it difficult for ambient monitoring to be effectively undertaken. Even if effective monitoring data is gathered, it may not be used in decision making. The inevitable residual uncertainty in monitoring data allows stakeholders to contest the use of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental law; Monitoring; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

A multilevel evolutionary framework for sustainability analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waring, Timothy M; Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions and School of Economics, University of Maine; timothy.waring@maine.edu; Kline, Michelle Ann; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Institute for Human Origins, Arizona State University; michelle.ann.kline@gmail.com; Brooks, Jeremy S; School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University; brooks.719@osu.edu; Goff, Sandra H; School of Economics, University of Maine; Economics Department, Skidmore College; sgoff@skidmore.edu; Gowdy, John; Department of Economics and Department of Science and Technology Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; gowdyj@rpi.edu; Janssen, Marco A; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; marco.janssen@asu.edu; Smaldino, Paul E; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis; paul.smaldino@gmail.com; Jacquet, Jennifer; Department of Environmental Studies, New York University; jj84@nyu.edu.
Sustainability theory can help achieve desirable social-ecological states by generalizing lessons across contexts and improving the design of sustainability interventions. To accomplish these goals, we argue that theory in sustainability science must (1) explain the emergence and persistence of social-ecological states, (2) account for endogenous cultural change, (3) incorporate cooperation dynamics, and (4) address the complexities of multilevel social-ecological interactions. We suggest that cultural evolutionary theory broadly, and cultural multilevel selection in particular, can improve on these fronts. We outline a multilevel evolutionary framework for describing social-ecological change and detail how multilevel cooperative dynamics can determine...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Cultural evolution; Multilevel selection; Sustainability; Theory.
Ano: 2015

Resilience, Adaptability, and Transformability in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian H; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; brian.walker@csiro.au; Abel, Nick; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; nick.abel@csiro.au; Anderies, John M; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Marty.Anderies@asu.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; paul.ryan@grapevine.net.au.
We present a resilience-based approach for assessing sustainability in a sub-catchment of the Murray-Darling Basin in southeast Australia. We define the regional system and identify the main issues, drivers, and potential shocks, then assess both specified and general resilience. The current state of the system is a consequence of changes in resource use. We identify ten known or possible biophysical, economic, and social thresholds operating at different scales, with possible knock-on effects between them. Crossing those thresholds may result in irreversible changes in goods and services generated by the region. Changes in resilience, in general, reflect a pattern of past losses with some signs of recent improvements.  Interventions in the system for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment of regional resilience; Interventions to support specific and general resilience; Threshold interactions and cascades.
Ano: 2009

Diversified Farming Systems: An Agroecological, Systems-based Alternative to Modern Industrial Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kremen, Claire; Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; ckremen@berkeley.edu; Iles, Alastair; Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; iles@berkeley.edu; Bacon, Christopher ; Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Santa Clara University; christophermbacon@gmail.com.
This Special Issue on Diversified Farming Systems is motivated by a desire to understand how agriculture designed according to whole systems, agroecological principles can contribute to creating a more sustainable, socially just, and secure global food system.  We first define Diversified Farming Systems (DFS) as farming practices and landscapes that intentionally include functional biodiversity at multiple spatial and/or temporal scales in order to maintain ecosystem services that provide critical inputs to agriculture, such as soil fertility, pest and disease control, water use efficiency, and pollination. We explore to what extent DFS overlap or are differentiated from existing concepts such as sustainable, multifunctional, organic or ecoagriculture....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agroecology; Ecological diversification; Food justice; Food sovereignty; Industrialized agriculture.
Ano: 2012

Institutions for Managing Resilient Salmon (Oncorhynchus Spp.) Ecosystems: the Role of Incentives and Transaction Costs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hanna, Susan S; Oregon State University; susan.hanna@oregonstate.edu.
Institutions are the mechanisms that integrate the human and ecological spheres. This paper discusses the institutional challenge of integrating salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) ecosystems and human systems in ways that effectively promote resilience. Salmon recovery in the Columbia River Basin demonstrates the challenge. Despite the comprehensive scope of Basin salmon management, it has a number of problems that illustrate the difficulties of designing institutions for ecosystem and human system resilience. The critical elements of salmon ecosystem management are incentives and transaction costs, and these comprise a large piece of missing institutional infrastructure. Once the focus is placed on incentives and costs, a number of different management strategies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Columbia River Basin; Ecosystems; Human systems; Incentives; Institutions; Resilience; Salmon; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2008

Principles of epistemological accountability with methodological implications  for measuring, assessing, and profiling human resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Almedom, Astier M; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; Lund University Division of Social Medicine and Global Health; Centre for Societal Resilience, Lund University.; astier.almedom@lucsus.lu.se; O'Byrne, David; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; David.O_Byrne@lucsus.lu.se; Jerneck, Anne; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; anne.jerneck@lucsus.lu.se.
We propose two fundamental principles of epistemological accountability with critical methodological implications for studies designed to measure, assess, and/or profile human psychosocial resilience. Firstly, researchers involved in human psychosocial resilience studies owe it to the individuals and communities that they engage to disclose their motives and possible misreadings of the situations they enter, albeit with good intentions. Secondly, researchers and those individuals researched need to share a language of colearning and coproduction, and utilization of knowledge that is mutually intelligible. Again, the onus is on researchers and their funders to respect the researched and their particular epistemological sovereignties. As the number of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Community resilience; Epistemological accountability; Human resilience; Psychosocial well-being  sustainability studies.
Ano: 2015

Accommodating the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation and Governance in Conventional Risk Management: Adaptive Collaborative Risk Management (ACRM)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: May, Bradley; Adaptation and Impacts Research Section, Environment Canada; Bradley.May@ec.gc.ca; Plummer, Ryan; Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca.
Risk management is a well established tool for climate change adaptation. It is facing new challenges with the end of climate stationarity and the need to meaningfully engage people in governance issues. The ways in which conventional approaches to risk management can respond to these challenges are explored. Conventional approaches to risk management are summarized, the manner in which they are being advanced as a tool for climate change adaptation is described, and emerging themes in risk management and climate change adaption are documented. It is argued that conventional risk management for climate change adaptation can benefit from the insights and experiences of adaptive co-management. A hybrid approach termed adaptive collaborative risk management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive collaborative risk management; Adaptive co-management; Climate change adaptation; Climate change governance; Risk management.
Ano: 2011

Nurturing Diversified Farming Systems in Industrialized Countries: How Public Policy Can Contribute
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Iles, Alastair ; ESPM, University of California, Berkeley; iles@berkeley.edu; Marsh, Robin; College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley; robinmarsh@berkeley.edu.
If diversified farming systems (DFS) are to thrive again in the United States, policies and preferences must evolve to reward the environmental and social benefits of sustainable farming and landscape management. Compared with conventional agricultural policies, policies aiding ecological diversification are underdeveloped and fragmented. We consider several examples of obstacles to the adoption and spread of diversified farming practices in the U.S. industrialized agricultural system. These include the broader political economic context of industrialized agriculture, the erosion of farmer knowledge and capacity, and supply chain and marketing conditions that limit the ability of farmers to adopt sustainable practices. To overcome these obstacles and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Direct marketing; Diversified farming; Farmer knowledge; Obstacles; Public policy.
Ano: 2012

Conceptualizing, Observing, and Influencing Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fischer-Kowalski, Marina; Institute of Social Ecology,  Alpen Adria University; marina.fischer-kowalski@uni-klu.ac.at; Rotmans, Jan; DRIFT (Drift Research Institute for Transitions) Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; rotmans@fsw.eur.nl.
This article creates a meeting ground between two distinct and fairly elaborate research traditions dealing with social &amp;#8220;transitions&amp;#8221;: the Dutch societal transitions management approach, and the Viennese sociometabolic transitions approach. Sharing a similar understanding of sustainability transitions&amp;#8212;namely as major transformational changes of system characteristics&amp;#8212;and a background epistemology of complex systems, autopoeisis, and evolutionary mechanisms, they address the subject from different angles: one approach asks how transformative changes happen and what they look like, and the other approach tries answer the question of how to bring them about. The Viennese approach is almost exclusively analytical and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Social metabolism; Sociometabolic regimes; Transition management.
Ano: 2009

Scale Mismatches in Social-Ecological Systems: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S; University of Florida; graeme@botzoo.uct.ac.za; Cumming, David H. M.; University of Zimbabwe; cumming@icon.co.zw; Redman, Charles L; Arizona State University; charles.redman@asu.edu.
Scale is a concept that transcends disciplinary boundaries. In ecology and geography, scale is usually defined in terms of spatial and temporal dimensions. Sociological scale also incorporates space and time, but adds ideas about representation and organization. Although spatial and temporal location determine the context for social and ecological dynamics, social-ecological interactions can create dynamic feedback loops in which humans both influence and are influenced by ecosystem processes. We hypothesize that many of the problems encountered by societies in managing natural resources arise because of a mismatch between the scale of management and the scale(s) of the ecological  processes being managed. We use examples from southern Africa and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Scale; Scale mismatch; Conservation; Management; Ecosystem function; Sociological scale; Southern Africa.
Ano: 2006

Experimental platforms for behavioral experiments on social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A.; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Lee, Allen; Arizona State University; allen.lee@asu.edu; Waring, Timothy M.; University of Maine; timothy.waring@maine.edu.
Recently, there has been an increased interest in using behavioral experiments to study hypotheses on the governance of social-ecological systems. A diversity of software tools are used to implement such experiments. We evaluated various publicly available platforms that could be used in research and education on the governance of social-ecological systems. The aims of the various platforms are distinct, and this is noticeable in the differences in their user-friendliness and their adaptability to novel research questions. The more easily accessible platforms are useful for prototyping experiments and for educational purposes to illustrate theoretical concepts. To advance novel research aims, more elaborate programming experience is required to either...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Education; Lab experiments; Research; Software.
Ano: 2014

The Multiple Dimensions of Rural Forests: Lessons from a Comparative Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nasi, Robert; CIFOR, Indonesia; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Local practices and knowledge; Multiple uses; Multivariate analyses; State and customary rules; Rural forests.
Ano: 2013

Forests as Patrimonies? From Theory to Tangible Processes at Various Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Michon, Genevieve; IRD, UMR 220 GRED; genevieve.michon@ird.fr; Romagny, Bruno; IRD; bruno.romagny@ird.fr; Auclair, Laurent; IRD; laurent.auclair@univ-provence.fr.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: International policies; Local forest management; Patrimonial processes and approaches.
Ano: 2012

Science for Place-based Socioecological Management: Lessons from the Maya Forest (Chiapas and Pet&amp;#233;n)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Manuel-Navarrete, David; United Nations Economic Comission for Latin America and the Caribbean; David.MANUEL-NAVARRETE@cepal.org; Slocombe, Scott; Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University; sslocomb@wlu.ca; Mitchell, Bruce; Department of Geography, University of Waterloo.; mitchell@uwaterloo.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Contextualization; Integrated conservation; Maya forest; Place-based; Sustainability initiatives.
Ano: 2006

National Climate Change Policies and Sustainable Water Management: Conflicts and Synergies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pittock, Jamie; Australian National University; jamie.pittock@anu.edu.au.
Even in the absence of climate change, freshwater ecosystems and the resources they provide for people are under great pressure because of increasing demand for water and declines in water quality. The imminent onset of climate change will exacerbate these impacts, placing even greater pressure on already stressed resources and regions. A plethora of national climate change policies have been adopted that emphasize structural adjustment in the energy sector and increasing carbon sinks. To date, most public debate on water has focused on the direct impacts of climate change on hydrology. However, there is growing evidence that climate change policies themselves may have substantial additional and negative impacts on freshwater resources and ecosystems and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Conservation; Energy; Governments; Policies; Rivers.
Ano: 2011

Social Justice and Adaptation in the UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Benzie, Magnus; Stockholm Environment Institute; magnus.benzie@sei-international.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Social justice; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

An information ecology approach to science&amp;#8211;policy integration in adaptive management of social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eddy, Brian G; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Brian.Eddy@NRCan.gc.ca; Hearn, Brian; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Brian.Hearn@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Luther, Joan E; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; JoanE.Luther@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; van Zyll de Jong, Michael; Environmental Policy Institute, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland; michaelv@grenfell.mun.ca; Bowers, Wade; Environmental Policy Institute, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland; wbowers@grenfell.mun.ca; Parsons, Reg; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Reg.Parsons@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Piercey, Douglas; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Douglas.Piercey@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Strickland, Guy; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Guy.Strickland@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; Wheeler, Barry; Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada; Barry.Wheeler@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca.
Adaptive management of social-ecological systems requires integration and collaboration among scientists, policy makers, practitioners, and stakeholders across multiple disciplines and organizations. Challenges associated with such integration have been attributed to gaps between how human systems are organized and how ecosystems function. To address this gap, we explore the application of information ecology as a theoretical basis for integrating human systems and natural systems. First, we provide an overview of information ecology with reference to its relationship with information theory and how we define &amp;#8220;information.&amp;#8221; Principles governing whole-part relationships, i.e., holons and holarchies, are then used to develop a general...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecosystems-based management; Holons; Information ecology; Information theory; Science&amp;#8211; Policy integration.
Ano: 2014

Sensitivity of the Colorado Plateau to Change: Climate, Ecosystems, and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schwinning, Susan; ; schwinn@txstate.edu; Belnap, Jayne; U.S. Geological Survey; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; Bowling, David R; University of Utah; bowling@biology.utah.edu; Ehleringer, James R; University of Utah; ehleringer@biology.utah.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biological crust; Climate change; Megadrought; Ranching.
Ano: 2008

Landscape-scale Approaches for Integrated Natural Resource Management in Tropical Forest Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frost, Peter; Center for International Forestry Research; p.frost@cgiar.org; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research; bruce.campbell@cdu.edu.au; Medina, Gabriel; Center for International Forestry Research; gabriel.medina@waldbau.uni freiburg.de; Usongo, Leonard; World Wide Fund for Nature; lusongo@wwfcarpo.org.
Integrated natural resource management (INRM) helps resource users, managers, and others to manage resources sustainably by considering, reconciling, and synergizing their various interests and activities. Although many social and environmental problems have to be tackled at a range of scales to be resolved successfully, INRM has particular relevance at the landscape level at which the interests of local people first intersect those of the outside world. We propose eight guidelines for building successful INRM programs: focus on multiscale analysis and intervention; develop partnerships and engage in action research; facilitate change rather than dictating it; promote visioning and the development of scenarios; recognize the importance of local knowledge;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Action research; Brazil; Cameroon; Collaboration; Extractive reserves; Integrated natural resource management; Kalimantan; Multiscale analysis; Multiple stakeholders; Tropical forest landscapes.
Ano: 2006

Exploring Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems Through Comparative Studies and Theory Development:  Introduction to the Special Issue
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian H; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; Marty.Anderies@asu.edu; Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; kinzig@asu.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; paul.ryan@csiro.au.
This special issue of Ecology and Society on exploring resilience in social-ecological systems draws together insights from comparisons of 15 case studies conducted during two Resilience Alliance workshops in 2003 and 2004. As such, it represents our current understanding of resilience theory and the issues encountered in our attempts to apply it.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Theory; Resilience application; Resilience synthesis; Resilience case studies.
Ano: 2006

Information and entropy theory for the sustainability of coupled human and natural systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mayer, Audrey L.; Michigan Technological University; almayer@mtu.edu; Donovan, Richard P.; University of California at Irvine; rpdonova@uci.edu; Pawlowski, Christopher W.; AECOM; cw_pawlowski@yahoo.com.
For coupled human and natural systems (CHANS), sustainability can be defined operationally as a feasible, desirable set of flows (material, currency, information, energy, individuals, etc.) that can be maintained despite internal changes and changes in the environment. Sustainable development can be defined as the process by which CHANS can be moved toward sustainability. Specific indicators that give insight into the structure and behavior of feedbacks in CHANS are of particular interest because they would aid in the sustainable management of these systems through an understanding of the structures that govern system behavior. However, the use of specific feedbacks as monitoring tools is rare, possibly because of uncertainties regarding the nature of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Feedbacks; Information theory; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014

Interrogating resilience: toward a typology to improve its operationalization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson, Julie L.; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Julie.Davidson@utas.edu.au; Jacobson, Chris; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; cjacobso@usc.edu.au; Lyth, Anna; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Anna.Lyth@utas.edu.au; Dedekorkut-Howes, Aysin; Griffith School of Environment &amp; Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; a.dedekorkut@griffith.edu.au; Baldwin, Claudia L.; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; CBaldwin@usc.edu.au; Ellison, Joanna C.; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Joanna.Ellison@utas.edu.au; Holbrook, Neil J.; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; neil.holbrook@utas.edu.au; Howes, Michael J.; Griffith School of Environment &amp; Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; m.howes@griffith.edu.au; Serrao-Neumann, Silvia; Griffith School of Environment &amp; Urban Research Program, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; s.serrao-neumann@griffith.edu.au; Singh-Peterson, Lila; Australian Centre for Pacific Island Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; lsinghpe@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F.; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; tim.smith@usc.edu.au.
In the context of accelerated global change, the concept of resilience, with its roots in ecological theory and complex adaptive systems, has emerged as the favored framework for understanding and responding to the dynamics of change. Its transfer from ecological to social contexts, however, has led to the concept being interpreted in multiple ways across numerous disciplines causing significant challenges for its practical application. The aim of this paper is to improve conceptual clarity within resilience thinking so that resilience can be interpreted and articulated in ways that enhance its utility and explanatory power, not only theoretically but also operationally. We argue that the current confusion and ambiguity within resilience thinking is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Complex adaptive systems; Conceptual clarity; Policy making; Resilience; Typology.
Ano: 2016

Resilience and Higher Order Thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fazey, Ioan; School of Geography and Geosciences; ioan.fazey@st-andrews.ac.uk.
To appreciate, understand, and tackle chronic global social and environmental problems, greater appreciation of the importance of higher order thinking is required. Such thinking includes personal epistemological beliefs (PEBs), i.e., the beliefs people hold about the nature of knowledge and how something is known. These beliefs have profound implications for the way individuals relate to each other and the world, such as how people understand complex social-ecological systems. Resilience thinking is an approach to environmental stewardship that includes a number of interrelated concepts and has strong foundations in systemic ways of thinking. This paper (1) summarizes a review of educational psychology literature on PEBs, (2) explains why resilience...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Education for sustainability; Epistemology; Higher order thinking; Personal epistemological beliefs (PEBs); Resilience; Resilience thinking; Systems thinking; Teaching.
Ano: 2010

Bridging the Science&amp;#8211;Management Divide: Moving from Unidirectional Knowledge Transfer to Knowledge Interfacing and Sharing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roux, Dirk J; CSIR; droux@csir.co.za; Rogers, Kevin H; University of the Witwatersrand; kevinr@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za; Biggs, Harry C; South African National Parks; Biggs@sanparks.org; Ashton, Peter J; CSIR; pashton@csir.co.za; Sergeant, Anne; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; sergeant.anne@epa.gov.
Sustainable ecosystem management relies on a diverse and multi-faceted knowledge system in which techniques are continuously updated to reflect current understanding and needs.  The challenge is to minimize delay as ideas flow from intent through scientific capability, and finally to implementation to achieve desired outcomes.  The best way to do this is by setting the stage for the flow of knowledge between researchers, policy makers, and resource managers.  The cultural differences between these groups magnify the challenge.  This paper highlights the importance of the tacit dimension of knowledge, and how this renders the concept of knowledge transfer much less useful than the concepts of information transfer and technology transfer. Instead of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Communities of practice; Knowledge interface; Knowledge transfer; Science&amp;#8211; Management divide; R&amp;#38; D programs; Shared understanding; Tacit knowledge.
Ano: 2006

Enhancing the Resilience of the Australian National Electricity Market: Taking a Systems Approach in Policy Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newell, Barry; Australian National University Canberra ; barry.newell@anu.edu.au; Marsh, Debborah M; University of Technology Sydney; dmarsh@eng.uts.edu.au; Sharma, Deepak; University of Technology Sydney; Deepak.Sharma@uts.edu.au.
As the complexity and interconnectedness of present-day social-ecological systems become steadily more apparent, there is increasing pressure on governments, policy makers, and managers to take a systems approach to the challenges facing humanity. However, how can this be done in the face of system complexity and uncertainties? In this paper we briefly discuss practical ways that policy makers can take up the systems challenge. We focus on resilience thinking, and the use of influence diagrams, causal-loop diagrams, and system archetypes. As a case study, set in the context of the climate-energy-water nexus, we use some of these system concepts and tools to carry out an initial exploration of factors that can affect the resilience of the Australian...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Australian National Electricity Market; Climate-energy-water nexus; Resilience; System analysis; System dynamics.
Ano: 2011

Learning in Support of Governance: Theories, Methods, and a Framework to Assess How Bridging Organizations Contribute to Adaptive Resource Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice I; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Parker, John N; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Barrett Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; parker@nceas.ucsb.edu.
Humanity faces increasingly intractable environmental problems characterized by high uncertainty, complexity, and swift change. Natural resource governance must therefore involve continuous production and use of new knowledge to adapt to highly complex, rapidly changing social-ecological systems to ensure long-term sustainable development. Bridging and boundary organizations have been proposed as potentially powerful means of achieving these aims by promoting cooperation among actors from the science, policy, and management sectors.  However, despite substantial investments of time, capital, and human resources, little agreement exists about definitions and measures of knowledge production and how this is achieved in bridging organizations and there is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bridging organizations; Knowledge utilization; Learning; Networks.
Ano: 2012

Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-Offs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kremen, Claire; University of California, Berkeley; ckremen@berkeley.edu; Miles, Albie; University of California, Berkeley; albiemiles@berkeley.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agricultural food production; Agricultural intensification; Agrobiodiversity; Agroecology; Biodiversity; Conventional agriculture; Conventional farming systems; Diversified farming systems; Ecosystem services; Land-sharing; Land-sparing; Organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable intensification.
Ano: 2012

The Politics of Reflexive Governance: Challenges for Designing Adaptive Management and Transition Management
Provedor de dados: 7
New concepts of governance take account of ambivalence, uncertainty, and distributed power in societal change. They aim for reflexivity regarding the limits of prognostic knowledge and actual control of complex processes of change. Adaptive management and transition management are two examples that evolved from the analysis of social&amp;#8211;ecological and sociotechnical systems, respectively. Both feature strategies of collective experimentation and learning. In this paper, we ask how these two designs of reflexive governance consider politics. Based on a framework of different dimensions and levels of politics, we show that they are mainly concerned with problem solving by a focal process, but conflict and asymmetric power relations, as well as the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Embedding in political context; Governance design; Politics; Reflexive governance; Societal learning; Transition management.
Ano: 2011

Consequences of oil spills: a review and framework for informing planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chang, Stephanie E.; University of British Columbia; stephanie.chang@ubc.ca; Stone, Jeremy; University of British Columbia; jeremy@recoveryandrelief.org; Demes, Kyle; University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University; kyle.demes@gmail.com; Piscitelli, Marina; University of British Columbia; piscitellim@gmail.com.
As oil transportation worldwide continues to increase, many communities are at risk of oil spill disasters and must anticipate and prepare for them. Factors that influence oil spill consequences are myriad and range from the biophysical to the social. We provide a summary literature review and overview framework to help communities systematically consider the factors and linkages that would influence consequences of a potential oil spill. The focus is on spills from oil tanker accidents. Drawing primarily on empirical studies of previous oil spill disasters, we focused on several main domains of interest: the oil spill itself, disaster management, the physical marine environment, marine biology, human health, economy, and policy. Key variables that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Framework; Impacts; Oil spills; Vancouver.
Ano: 2014

Growth and Collapse of a Resource System: an Adaptive Cycle of  Change in Public Lands Governance and Forest Management in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beier, Colin M.; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry; cbeier@esf.edu; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; ffall@uaf.edu; Chapin, III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu.
Large-scale government efforts to develop resources for societal benefit have often experienced cycles of growth and decline that leave behind difficult social and ecological legacies. To understand the origins and outcomes of these failures of resource governance, scholars have applied the framework of the adaptive cycle. In this study, we used the adaptive cycle as a diagnostic approach to trace the drivers and dynamics of forest governance surrounding a boom&amp;#8211;bust sequence of industrial forest management in one of the largest-scale resource systems in U.S. history: the Tongass National Forest in southeastern Alaska. Our application of the adaptive cycle combined a historical narrative tracing dynamics in political, institutional, and economic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Alaska; Forest management; Resource governance; Rigidity traps; U.S. National Forests.
Ano: 2009

Toward increased engagement between academic and indigenous community partners in ecological research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Megan S.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; megan.s.adams@gmail.com; Carpenter, Jennifer; Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department; jcarpenter2@heiltsuknation.ca; Housty, Jess A.; Qqs Projects Society;; Neasloss, Douglass; Kitasoo/Xai-Xais Integrated Resource Authority; Spirit Bear Research Foundation;; Paquet, Paul C.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; ppaquet@baudoux.ca; Service, Christina; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Spirit Bear Research Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; christina.service@gmail.com; Walkus, Jennifer; Wuikinuxv Nation Fisheries;; Darimont, Chris T.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; darimont@uvic.ca.
Ecological research, especially work related to conservation and resource management, increasingly involves social dimensions. Concurrently, social systems, composed of human communities that have direct cultural connections to local ecology and place, may draw upon environmental research as a component of knowledge. Such research can corroborate local and traditional ecological knowledge and empower its application. Indigenous communities and their interactions with and management of resources in their traditional territories can provide a model of such social-ecological systems. As decision-making agency is shifted increasingly to indigenous governments in Canada, abundant opportunities exist for applied ecological research at the community level....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Collaborative research; Community engagement; Ecology; First Nations; Indigenous communities; Natural science; Resource management; Social-ecological systems; Trust.
Ano: 2014

Individual transferable quota contribution to environmental stewardship: a theory in need of validation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Putten, Ingrid; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; Ingrid.vanputten@csiro.au; Boschetti, Fabio; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; fabio.Boschetti@csiro.au; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; beth.fulton@csiro.au; Smith, Anthony D. M.; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; tony.d.smith@csiro.au; Thebaud, Olivier; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; olivier.thebaud@csiro.au.
We explored the extent to which (1) individual transferable quotas (ITQs) may lead to changes in environmental stewardship and (2) environmental stewardship may in turn contribute to explain the success or otherwise of ITQs in meeting sustainability objectives. ITQs are an example of incentive-based fisheries management in which fishing rights can be privately owned and traded. ITQs are aimed at resolving the problems created by open-access fisheries. ITQs were proposed to promote economic efficiency, and there is growing empirical evidence that ITQs meet a number of economic and social fisheries management objectives. Even though improved stock status arises as a consequence of the total allowable catch levels implemented together with ITQs, the effect is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Environmental ethics; Fisheries management; Fishing rights; Stewardship.
Ano: 2014

Responsibility for private sector adaptation to climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schneider, Tina; Department of Business Administration, Economics, and Law, Oldenburg University; tina.schneider@uni-oldenburg.de.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) indicates that vulnerable industries should adapt to the increasing likelihood of extreme weather events along with slowly shifting mean annual temperatures and precipitation patterns, to prevent major damages or periods of inoperability in the future. Most articles in the literature on business management frame organizational adaptation to climate change as a private action. This makes adaptation the sole responsibility of a company, for its sole benefit, and overlooks the fact that some companies provide critical goods and services such a food, water, electricity, and medical care, that are so vital to society that even a short-term setback in operations could put public security at risk. This raises...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation to climate change; Business; Critical infrastructure; Germany; Public responsibility.
Ano: 2014

Drivers, "Slow" Variables, "Fast" Variables, Shocks, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian H; CSIRO Ecosystem Science, Australia; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Rockstrom, Johan; Stockholm Resilience Centre, University of Stockholm; johan.rockstrom@sei.se; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre, University of Stockholm; garry.peterson@stockholmresilience.su.se.
Different uses of the terms "drivers," "variables," and "shocks" cause confusion in the literature and in discussions on the dynamics of ecosystems and social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Three main sources of confusion are unclear definition of the system, unclear definition of the role of people, and confusion between variables and drivers.  As a contribution to resolving some of the confusion, we offer one interpretation of how the terms might be used.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Drivers; Fast variables; Resilience; Shocks; Slow variables; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Can Resilience be Reconciled with Globalization and the Increasingly Complex Conditions of Resource Degradation in Asian Coastal Regions?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armitage, Derek; Wilfrid Laurier University; darmitag@wlu.ca; Johnson, Derek; Centre for Maritime Research; dsjohnson@marecentre.nl.
This paper explores the relationship between resilience and globalization. We are concerned, most importantly, with whether resilience is a suitable conceptual framework for natural resource management in the context of the rapid changes and disruptions that globalization causes in social-ecological systems. Although theoretical in scope, we ground this analysis using our experiences in two Asian coastal areas: Junagadh District in Gujarat State, India and Banawa Selatan, in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We present the histories of resource exploitation in the two areas, and we attempt to combine a resilience perspective with close attention to the impact of globalization. Our efforts serve as a basis from which to examine the conceptual and practical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Resilience; Complexity; India; Indonesia; Resource management; Coastal management; Social-ecological system; Sustainability.
Ano: 2006

Complex Land Systems: the Need for Long Time Perspectives to Assess their Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dearing, John A.; University of Southampton; j.dearing@soton.ac.uk; Braimoh, Ademola K.; Global Land Project, Sapporo Nodal Office, Hokkaido University; World Bank; abraimoh@glp.hokudai.ac.jp; Reenberg, Anette; Global Land Project, International Project Office, University of Copenhagen; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Turner, Billie L.; Arizona State University; Billie.L.Turner@asu.edu; van der Leeuw, Sander; Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu.
The growing awareness about the need to anticipate the future of land systems focuses on how well we understand the interactions between society and environmental processes within a complexity framework. A major barrier to understanding is insufficient attention given to long (multidecadal) temporal perspectives on complex system behavior that can provide insights through both analog and evolutionary approaches. Analogs are useful in generating typologies of generic system behavior, whereas evolutionary assessments provide insight into site-specific system properties. Four dimensions of these properties: (1) trends and trajectories, (2) frequencies, thresholds and alternate steady states, (3) slow and fast processes, and (4) legacies and contingencies, are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Complex systems; Global Land Project; Land systems; Multidecadal timescales; Resilience; Socioecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2010

An Integrated Approach to Analyzing (Adaptive) Comanagement Using the &amp;#8220;Politicized&amp;#8221; IAD Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whaley, Luke; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University; l.whaley@cranfield.ac.uk; Weatherhead, Edward K.; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University; k.weatherhead@cranfield.ac.uk.
Scholars of comanagement are faced with a difficult methodological challenge. As comanagement has evolved and diversified it has increasingly merged with the field of adaptive management and related concepts that derive from resilience thinking and complex adaptive systems theory. In addition to earlier considerations of power sharing, institution building, and trust, the adaptive turn in comanagement has brought attention to the process of social learning and a focus on concepts such as scale, self-organization, and system trajectory. At the same time, a number of scholars are calling for a more integrated approach to studying (adaptive) comanagement that is able to situate these normative concepts within a critical understanding of how context and power...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Adaptive comanagement; IAD Framework; Politicized IAD Framework; Methodology; Institutions; Power; Discourse; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

Shifting Restoration Policy to Address Landscape Change, Novel Ecosystems, and Monitoring
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zedler, Joy B; University of Wisconsin-Madison; jbzedler@wisc.edu; Doherty, James M.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; jdohert1@gmail.com; Miller, Nicholas A.; The Nature Conservancy ; nmiller@tnc.org.
Policy to guide ecological restoration needs to aim toward minimizing the causes of ecosystem degradation; where causes cannot be eliminated or minimized, policy needs to shift toward accommodating irreversible landscape alterations brought about by climate change, nitrogen deposition, altered hydrology, degraded soil, and declining biodiversity. The degree to which lost diversity and ecosystem services can be recovered depends on the extent and nature of landscape change. For wetlands that occur at the base of watersheds that have been developed for agriculture or urban centers, the inflows of excess water, sediment, and nutrients can be permanent and can severely challenge efforts to restore historical services, including biodiversity support. In such...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive restoration; Conservation of biodiversity; Ecological restoration; Ecosystem services; Landscape alteration; Watershed plan; Wetland.
Ano: 2012

The action cycle/structural context framework: a fisheries application
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Webster, D.G.; Dartmouth College; D.G.Webster@Dartmouth.Edu.
There is a growing consensus that environmental governance is a wicked problem that requires understanding of the many linkages and feedbacks between human and natural systems. Here, I propose an action cycle/structural context (AC/SC) framework that is based on the concept of responsive governance, in which individuals and decision makers respond to problems rather than working to prevent them. By linking agency and structure, the AC/SC framework points out two key problems in the realm of environmental governance: the profit disconnect, whereby economic signals of environmental harm are dampened by endogenous or exogenous forces, and the power disconnect, whereby those who feel the costs of harm are politically marginalized and so have little influence...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015

From Scientific Speculation to Effective Adaptive Management: A case study of the role of social marketing in promoting novel restoration strategies for degraded dry lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Westley, Frances; Social Innovation Generation, University of Waterloo ; fwestley@watarts.uwaterloo.ca; Holmgren, Milena; Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Department of Environmental Sciences; Milena.Holmgren@wur.nl; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environment; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate fluctuations; Dryland restoration; Ecosystem restoration; ENSO; Herbivory control; Matorral; Mediterranean shrub land; Reforestation; Social entrepreneur; Social marketing; Stakeholder.
Ano: 2010

Nudging Evolution?
Provedor de dados: 7
This Special Feature,  &amp;#8220;Nudging Evolution? Critical Exploration of the Potential and Limitations of the Concept of Institutional Fit for the Study and Adaptive Management of Social-Ecological Systems,&amp;#8221; aims to contribute toward the development of social theory and social research methods for the study of social-ecological system dynamics.  Our objective is to help strengthen the academic discourse concerning if, and if so, how, to what extent, and in what concrete ways the concept of institutional &amp;#8220;fit&amp;#8221; might play a role in helping to develop better understanding of the social components of interlinkages between the socioeconomic-cultural and ecological dynamics of social-ecological systems. Two clearly discernible...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Environmental governance; Institutional change; Institutional fit; Meaning; Oran Young; Protected areas; Social-ecological systems; Social norms; Water governance; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2013

Scale and Governance: Conceptual Considerations and Practical Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kok, Kasper; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Veldkamp, Tom (A.); Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;.
Policies have many unforeseen impacts on social-ecological systems at different levels of spatial and temporal scales. Partly because of this, both scale and governance have been and continue to be hotly debated and studied topics within many scientific disciplines. Although there are two distinct vocabularies, both communities seem to be struggling to come to terms with a shift that has common elements. This special feature has two types of contributions, three scoping papers, providing a state-of-the-art overview of the conceptual discussion, and six case study papers that set out to deal with the practicalities of combining scale and governance. The scoping papers strongly indicate that using the notion of complex systems, specifically the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Governance; Scale; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2011

Adaptive Management Planning Projects as Conflict Resolution Processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walkerden, Greg; Macquarie University; gmw@bwassociates.com.au.
Adaptive management planning projects use multiparty, multidisciplinary workshops and simulation modeling to facilitate dialogue, negotiation, and planning. However, they have been criticized as a poor medium for conflict resolution. Alternative processes from the conflict resolution tradition, e.g., principled negotiation and sequenced negotiation, address uncertainty and biophysical constraints much less skillfully than does adaptive management. When we evaluate adaptive management planning using conflict resolution practice as a benchmark, we can design better planning procedures. Adaptive management planning procedures emerge that explore system structure, dynamics, and uncertainty, and that also provide a strong negotiation process, grounded in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conflict resolution; Crossing; Ecosystem management; Environmental management; Negotiation; Planning; Practice; Principled negotiation; Professional practice; Resource management; Strategic environmental assessment.
Ano: 2006

A Synthesis of Current Approaches to Traps Is Useful But Needs Rethinking for Indigenous Disadvantage and Poverty Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Maru, Yiheyis T; CSIRO; yiheyis.maru@csiro.au; Fletcher, Cameron S; CSIRO; Cameron.Fletcher@csiro.au; Chewings, Vanessa H; CSIRO; vanessa.chewings@csiro.au.
Indigenous disadvantage and poverty have persisted and are set to continue into the future. Although a large amount of work describes the extent and nature of indigenous disadvantage and poverty, there is little evidence-based systems understanding of the mechanisms that keep many indigenous people in their current dire state. In such a vacuum, policy makers are left to make assumptions about the causal mechanisms. The persistence of inequality and poverty suffered by indigenous people is broadly consistent with the existence of dynamical traps as described in both the resilience and development literature. We reviewed and synthesized these bodies of literature on traps and found that although they give a good lead to a systemic and parsimonious way of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Developments; Indigenous disadvantage; Poverty traps; Resilience; Rigidity traps.
Ano: 2012

Architectures of adaptive integration in large collaborative projects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wright Morton, Lois;  Department of Sociology, Iowa State University; lwmorton@iastate.edu; Eigenbrode, Sanford D; Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho; sanforde@uidaho.edu; Martin, Timothy A; University of Florida; tamartin@ufl.edu.
Collaborations to address complex societal problems associated with managing human-natural systems often require large teams comprised of scientists from multiple disciplines. For many such problems, large-scale, transdisciplinary projects whose members include scientists, stakeholders, and other professionals are necessary. The success of very large, transdisciplinary projects can be facilitated by attending to the diversity of types of collaboration that inevitably occur within them. As projects progress and evolve, the resulting dynamic collaborative heterogeneity within them constitutes architectures of adaptive integration (AAI). Management that acknowledges this dynamic and fosters and promotes awareness of it within a project can better facilitate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Architectures of adaptive integration; Collaborative science; Team science.
Ano: 2015

Using Matching Methods to Link Social and Physical Analyses for Sustainability Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kemp-Benedict, Eric J; Stockholm Environment Institute; erickb@sei-us.org; Bharwani, Sukaina; Stockholm Environment Institute; sukaina.bharwani@sei.se; Fischer, Michael D.; Centre for Social Anthropology &amp; Computing (CSAC), University of Kent, UK; M.D.Fischer@kent.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Integrated analysis; Matching methods; Natural resources; Planning; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2010

Urgent Biophilia: Human-Nature Interactions and Biological Attractions in Disaster Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tidball, Keith G; Cornell University, USA; kgtidball@cornell.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biophilia; Disaster; Human-nature interaction; Resilience; Urgent biophilia.
Ano: 2012

Informal Participatory Platforms for Adaptive Management. Insights into Niche-finding, Collaborative Design and Outcomes from a Participatory Process in the Rhine Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moellenkamp, Sabine; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; sabine.moellenkamp@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Lamers, Machiel; International Centre for Integrated assessment and Sustainable development (ICIS) - Maastricht University; machiel.lamers@icis.unimaas.nl; Huesmann, Christian; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; christian.huesmann@gmx.de; Rotter, Sophie; Seecon Deutschland GmbH; sophie.rotter@seecon.org; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; pahl@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de; Speil, Karina; Seecon Deutschland GmbH; karina.speil@gmx.de; Pohl, Wiebke; University of Osnabrueck, Institute of Environmental Systems Research; wiebkepohl@googlemail.com.
New regulatory water management requirements on an international level increasingly challenge the capacity of regional water managers to adapt. Stakeholder participation can contribute to dealing with these challenges because it facilitates the incorporation of various forms of knowledge and interests into policy-making and decision-making processes. Also, by providing space for informal multi-stakeholder platforms, management experiments can be established more easily in rigid regulatory settings, allowing for social learning to take place. Stakeholder participation is currently stipulated by several legal provisions, such as the Water Framework Directive, which plays an increasingly important role in European water management.   Drawing on recent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive water management; Co-design; Informal participatory platforms; Social learning; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2010

Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University, USA; hullvane@csis.msu.edu; Batistella, Mateus; EMBRAPA Satellite Monitoring, Campinas, SP, Brazil; mb@cnpm.embrapa.br; DeFries, Ruth; Columbia University, USA; rd2402@columbia.edu; Dietz, Thomas; Michigan State University, USA; tdietz@msu.edu; Fu, Feng; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; fufengenergy@gmail.com; Hertel, Thomas W.; Purdue University, USA; hertel@purdue.edu; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; University of Maryland, USA; cesar.izaurralde@pnnl.gov; Lambin, Eric F.; Stanford University, USA; elambin@stanford.edu; Li, Shuxin; Michigan State University, USA; lishu@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University, USA; mcconn64@msu.edu; Moran, Emilio F.; Michigan State University, USA; moranef@msu.edu; Naylor, Rosamond; Stanford University, USA; Roz@stanford.edu; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Polenske, Karen R.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; krp@mit.edu; Reenberg, Anette; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Simmons, Cynthia S.; Michigan State University, USA; simmo108@msu.edu; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl; Vitousek, Peter M.; Stanford University, USA; vitousek@leland.stanford.edu; Zhang, Fusuo; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; zhangfs@cau.edu.cn; Zhu, Chunquan; International Union for Conservation of Nature, China; caomu1963@126.com.
Interactions between distant places are increasingly widespread and influential, often leading to unexpected outcomes with profound implications for sustainability. Numerous sustainability studies have been conducted within a particular place with little attention to the impacts of distant interactions on sustainability in multiple places. Although distant forces have been studied, they are usually treated as exogenous variables and feedbacks have rarely been considered. To understand and integrate various distant interactions better, we propose an integrated framework based on telecoupling, an umbrella concept that refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. The concept of telecoupling is a logical extension of research on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agents; Causes; Coupled human-environment systems; Coupled human and natural systems; Coupled social-ecological systems; Dispersal; Distant interactions; Effects; Feedbacks; Flows; Globalization; Investment; Knowledge transfer; Migration; Socioeconomic and environmental interactions; Species invasion; Sustainability; Technology transfer; Teleconnection; Telecoupling; Trade; Transnational land deals; Water transfer.
Ano: 2013

The Energy-Water Nexus in Texas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stillwell, Ashlynn S.; The University of Texas at Austin; Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering; ashlynn.stillwell@mail.utexas.edu; King, Carey W.; The University of Texas at Austin; Center for International Energy &amp; Environmental Policy; careyking@mail.utexas.edu; Webber, Michael E.; The University of Texas at Austin; Department of Mechanical Engineering; webber@mail.utexas.edu; Duncan, Ian J.; The University of Texas at Austin; Bureau of Economic Geology; duncani@beg.utexas.edu; Hardberger, Amy; Environmental Defense Fund; ahardberger@edf.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Energy; Policy; Texas; Water.
Ano: 2011

REDD+ for the poor or the poor for REDD+? About the limitations of environmental policies in the Amazon and the potential of achieving environmental goals through pro-poor policies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pokorny, Benno; University of Freiburg; benno.pokorny@waldbau.uni-freiburg.de.
Once again, the international community focuses on the preservation of Amazonian forests, in particular through a bundle of initiatives grouped under the term of REDD+. Initially focusing on reducing carbon emissions, the REDD+ process became increasingly linked with developmental goals that represent the primary interest of all Amazon countries. In consequence, REDD+ can be seen as another attempt to achieve the twin goals of environmental protection and rural development, and consequently, relies on the strategies and tools of past efforts. Against this background, we explore past experiences with key strategies for environmental protection and poverty alleviation in the Amazon to critically reflect about the potential of REDD+ to contribute to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Development Policies; Forest Management; Poverty Alleviation; REDD+; Rural Development; Sustainability.
Ano: 2013

The Social Dimensions of Sustainability and Change in Diversified Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bacon, Christopher M; Department of Environmental Studies &amp; Sciences, Santa Clara University; cbacon@scu.edu; Getz, Christy; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley ; cgetz@berkeley.edu; Kraus, Sibella ; President Sustainable Agriculture Education (SAGE); sibella@sagecenter.org; Montenegro, Maywa; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley ; maywa@berkeley.edu; Holland, Kaelin; Department of Environmental Studies &amp; Sciences, Santa Clara University ; holland.kaelin@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agricultural parks; Central Valley; Latin America; Organic certification; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2012

Tropical cities are diverse and deserve more social-ecological attention
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lugo, Ariel E.; USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico; alugo@fs.fed.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Ano: 2014

Fit in the Body: Matching Embodied Cognition with Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hukkinen, Janne I; University of Helsinki; janne.i.hukkinen@helsinki.fi.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Adaptive management; Blending; Cognitive anthropology; Cognitive linguistics; Conceptual integration; Embodied cognition; Environmental policy; Neoclassical economics; Panarchy; Social-ecological systems; Socio-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Biggs, Reinette; Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@su.se; Reyers, Belinda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; belinda.reyers@su.se.
Humanity has emerged as a major force in the operation of the biosphere. The focus is shifting from the environment as externality to the biosphere as precondition for social justice, economic development, and sustainability. In this article, we exemplify the intertwined nature of social-ecological systems and emphasize that they operate within, and as embedded parts of the biosphere and as such coevolve with and depend on it. We regard social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems and use a social-ecological resilience approach as a lens to address and understand their dynamics. We raise the challenge of stewardship of development in concert with the biosphere for people in diverse contexts and places as critical for long-term sustainability and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Anthropocene; Biosphere stewardship; Natural capital; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2016

Observations on Drivers and Dynamics of Environmental Policy Change: Insights from 150 Years of Forest Management in British Columbia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagerman, Shannon M; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group; hshannon@interchange.ubc.ca; Dowlatabadi, Hadi; University of British Columbia; Resources for the Future; Carnegie Mellon University; hadi.d@ubc.ca; Satterfield, Terre; University of British Columbia; satterfd@interchange.ubc.ca.
Human and ecological elements of resource management systems co-adapt over time. In this paper, we examine the drivers of change in forest management policy in British Columbia since 1850. We asked: How has a set of system attributes changed over time, and what drivers contributed to change when it occurred? We simultaneously examined a set of three propositions relating to drivers and dynamics of policy change. We find that factors contributing to the level of impacts, like technology, changed substantially over time and had dramatic impacts. In partial contrast, the institutions used to exercise control (patterns of agency and governance) remained the same until relatively recently. Other system attributes remained unchanged (e.g., the concept of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: British Columbia; Change; Drivers; Forest management; Global change; Historical analysis; Science and policy; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010

Exploiting Soil-Management Strategies for Climate Mitigation in the European Union: Maximizing &amp;#8220;Win&amp;#8211;Win&amp;#8221; Solutions across Policy Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Henriksen, Christian Bugge; Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; cbh@life.ku.dk; Hussey, Karen; The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; karen.hussey@anu.edu.au; Holm, Peter E.; Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; peho@life.ku.dk.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified a number of soil-management strategies that can be implemented to reduce GHG emissions. However, before deciding which of these strategies are most appropriate in any given situation, it is important to investigate how these strategies affect other aspects of sustainable development. For instance, some attempts to sequester carbon in the landscape could alter the soil&amp;#8217;s capacity to filter water. Alternatively, other strategies could unintentionally increase net energy consumption through greater fertilizer use. Focusing specifically on opportunities to implement soil-management strategies in the European Union (EU), we discuss the synergies and trade-offs of those strategies with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate Action and Energy Package; Climate change mitigation; Common Agricultural Policy; Energy security; European Union; Greenhouse gas emissions; Soil management; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2011

Education and Resilience: Social and Situated Learning among University and Secondary Students
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krasny, Marianne  E; Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu; Tidball, Keith G.; Department of Natural Resources; Cornell University; kgt2@cornell.edu; Sriskandarajah, Nadarajah ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Nadarajah.Sriskandarajah@sol.slu.se.
Similar to research on social learning among adult participants in natural resources management, current research in the field of education claims that learning is situated in real-world practice, and occurs through recursive interactions between individual learners and their social and biophysical environment. In this article, we present an overview of the social and situated learning literatures from the fields of natural resources and education, and suggest ways in which educational programs for secondary and university students might be embedded in and contribute to efforts to enhance resilience of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems at the local scale. We also describe three initiatives in which learning is situated in adaptive co-management and civic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Education; Learning; Natural resources management; Resilience; Situated learning; Social learning.
Ano: 2009

Individual transferable quotas and conservation: a critical assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Acheson, James; University of Maine; acheson@maine.edu; Apollonio, Spencer; ; spencerapollonio@yahoo.com; Wilson, James; University of Maine; jwilson@maine.edu.
Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) have become a popular management tool for fisheries. They have been promoted in some quarters and seriously criticized in others because of their social and economic impacts. A more serious problem is that ITQs provide exclusive access to public resources presumably in return for some public benefit, namely conservation; however, in a high percentage of cases they do not conserve fish stocks. In this article, we focus on the reasons that ITQs do not conserve stocks. We point to a number of phenomena identified in the literature as affecting stocks of fish, including problems with total allowable catch (TAC), ecological hierarchy theory, r and K species, the Allee effect, scale and metapopulation structure, the need to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Individual transferable quota; ITQs; Quota management.
Ano: 2015

Culturally significant fisheries: keystones for management of freshwater social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Noble, Mae; Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; mae.noble@anu.edu.au; Duncan, Phil; Gamilaroi Traditional Owner, NSW Aboriginal Land Council; phil.duncan@alc.org.au; Perry, Darren; Murray Lower Darling Rivers Indigenous Nations; ngintait@gmail.com; Prosper, Kerry; Paq'tnekek Mi'kmaq First Nations; kerryp@paqtnkek.ca; Rose, Denis; Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation; Denis@gunditjmirring.com; Schnierer, Stephan; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University; stephan.schnierer@scu.edu.au; Tipa, Gail; Tipa and Associates Ltd.; gttipa@vodafone.co.nz; Williams, Erica; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Erica.Williams@niwa.co.nz; Woods, Rene; National Cultural Flows Program; Murray Lower Darling River Indigenous Nations; woodsre83@gmail.com; Pittock, Jamie; Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University; jamie.pittock@anu.edu.au.
Indigenous peoples of North America, Australia, and New Zealand have a long tradition of harvesting freshwater animals. Over generations of reliance and subsistence harvesting, Indigenous peoples have acquired a profound understanding of these freshwater animals and ecosystems that have become embedded within their cultural identity. We have identified trans-Pacific parallels in the cultural significance of several freshwater animal groups, such as eels, other finfish, bivalves, and crayfish, to Indigenous peoples and their understanding and respect for the freshwater ecosystems on which their community survival depends. In recognizing such cultural connections, we found that non-Indigenous peoples can appreciate the deep significance of freshwater animals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive freshwater management; Aquatic resources; Bivalve; Comanagement; Crayfish; Cultural keystone species; Eel; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Indigenous water rights; Lamprey; Salmon; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2016

Science, society, and flagship species: social and political history as keys to conservation outcomes in the Gulf of California
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vincent, Amanda CJ; Project Seahorse, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia; a.vincent@oceans.ubc.ca.
Socio-political issues are important in environmental policy outcomes but are often overlooked in conservation planning. We analyze the effects of historical social, political, and ecological contexts on conservation policy outcomes as applied to the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve. A rushed implementation, perhaps necessary for the protection of endangered totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and vaquita (Phocoena sinus), occurred with little community consultation, resulting in enduring disgruntlement among stakeholders that undermined its effectiveness. Overfishing and habitat degradation continue both inside and outside the reserve, and totoaba and vaquita remain Critically Endangered, with the latter&amp;#8217;s population...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biosphere Reserve; Flagship species; Gulf of California; Social-ecological dynamics; Totoaba; Vaquita.
Ano: 2016

Acknowledging Trade-offs and Understanding Complexity:  Exurbanization Issues in Macon County, North Carolina
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vercoe, Richard A.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; ravercoe@uga.edu; Welch-Devine, M.; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia; mwdevine@uga.edu; Hardy, Dean; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; rdhardy@uga.edu; Demoss, J. A.; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; jdemoss@uga.edu; Bonney, S. N.; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; sbonney@uga.edu; Allen, K.; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; kallen@uga.edu; Brosius, Peter; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia; pbrosius@uga.edu; Charles, D.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; dhc31@uga.edu; Crawford, B.; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; bcrawford515@gmail.com; Heisel, S.; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; saraelizabethheisel@yahoo.com; Heynen, Nik; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; nheynen@uga.edu; Nibbelink, N.; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; nate@warnell.uga.edu; Parker, L.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; loweryp@uga.edu; Pringle, Cathy; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia; pringle@sparc.ecology.uga.edu; Shaw, A.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; alanashaw@uga.edu; Van Sant, L.; Department of Geography, University of Georgia; leviv@uga.edu.
We applied an integrative framework to illuminate and discuss the complexities of exurbanization in Macon County, North Carolina.  The case of Macon County, North Carolina, highlights the complexity involved in addressing issues of exurbanization in the Southern Appalachian region. Exurbanization, the process by which urban residents move into rural areas in search of unique natural amenities and idealized lifestyles, can often have a dramatic impact on the local economy, culture, and environment. Within Macon County, complex debates and tensions among multiple stakeholders struggle to address local residential development. How can better problem definition benefit rural communities in addressing exurbanization pressures and effects? We asserted that a key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Development; Ecological; Exurbanization; Integrative conservation; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2014

From Premise to Practice: a Critical Assessment of Integrated Water Resources Management and Adaptive Management Approaches in the Water Sector
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Medema, Wietske; ;; McIntosh, Brian S; ;; Jeffrey, Paul J; ; p.j.jeffrey@cranfield.ac.uk.
The complexity of natural resource use processes and dynamics is now well accepted and described in theories ranging across the sciences from ecology to economics. Based upon these theories, management frameworks have been developed within the research community to cope with complexity and improve natural resource management outcomes. Two notable frameworks, Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and Adaptive Management (AM) have been developed within the domain of water resource management over the past thirty or so years. Such frameworks provide testable statements about how best to organise knowledge production and use to facilitate the realisation of desirable outcomes including sustainable resource use. However evidence for the success of IWRM...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive management; Integrated water resources management; Sustainable water management; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008

The Six Faces of Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Challenges and Opportunities for Canadian Co-Management Arrangements
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Houde, Nicolas; McGill University; nicolas.houde@mail.mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Canada; Co-management; Co-management arrangement; First Nation; Natural resource management; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2007

Resilience and Regime Shifts: Assessing Cascading Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; paul.ryan@csiro.au; Etienne, Michel; INRA; etienne@avignon.inra.fr; Allison, Helen; Murdoch University; helenallison@ozemail.com.au; Elmqvist, Thomas; University of Stockholm; thomase@ecology.su.se; Walker, Brian H.; CSIRO; Brian.Walker@csiro.au.
Most accounts of thresholds between alternate regimes involve a single, dominant shift defined by one, often slowly changing variable in an ecosystem. This paper expands the focus to include similar dynamics in social and economic systems, in which multiple variables may act together in ways that produce interacting regime shifts in social-ecological systems. We use four different regions in the world, each of which contains multiple thresholds, to develop a proposed &amp;#8220;general model&amp;#8221; of threshold interactions in social-ecological systems. The model identifies patch-scale ecological thresholds, farm- or landscape-scale economic thresholds, and regional-scale sociocultural thresholds. &amp;#8220;Cascading thresholds,&amp;#8221; i.e., the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Thresholds; Regime shifts; Social-ecological systems; System interactions; Cascading effects.
Ano: 2006

A Cognition-based View of Decision Processes in Complex Social&amp;#8211;Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beratan, Kathi K.; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University; Kathi_Beratan@ncsu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Complex social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems; Cultural change; Decision making; Discourse; Natural resource management; Schemas.
Ano: 2007

Matching Social and Ecological Systems in Complex Ocean Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilson, James A.; University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu.
This paper considers ocean fisheries as complex adaptive systems and addresses the question of how human institutions might be best matched to their structure and function. Ocean ecosystems operate at multiple scales, but the management of fisheries tends to be aimed at a single species considered at a single broad scale. The paper argues that this mismatch of ecological and management scale makes it difficult to address the fine-scale aspects of ocean ecosystems, and leads to fishing rights and strategies that tend to erode the underlying structure of populations and the system itself. A successful transition to ecosystem-based management will require institutions better able to economize on the acquisition of feedback about the impact of human...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Resource governance; Fisheries; Complex adaptive systems; Scale; Fishing effort; Decentralization; Governance institutions; Incentives; Multiscale governance; Fishing rights; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem-based management; Polycentric networks.
Ano: 2006

Withdrawn
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: , ; ;.
The article, published in Volume 21, Issue 3, Article 8 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08530-210308), has been withdrawn.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Ano: 2016

Reconsidering the Effectiveness of Scientific Tools for Negotiating Local Solutions to Conflicts between Recreation and Conservation with Stakeholders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pouwels, Rogier; Wageningen University &amp; Research Centre; rogier.pouwels@wur.nl; Opdam, Paul; Wageningen University &amp; Research Centre; paul.opdam@wur.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Boundary management; Integrated tools; Learning; Local data; Recreation; Spatially explicit; Stakeholders; Tools; Visualization.
Ano: 2011

Summary: Addressing the Interactional Challenges of Moving Collaborative Adaptive Management From Theory to Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beratan, Kathi K.; North Carolina State University; kkberata@ncsu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collaborative adaptive management; Institutional change; Leading indicators; Process design; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2014

Trust ecology and the resilience of natural resource management institutions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stern, Marc J; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech; Center for Leadership in Global Sustainability; mjstern@vt.edu; Baird, Timothy D.; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech; Center for Leadership in Global Sustainability; tbaird@vt.edu.
The resilience of natural resource management (NRM) institutions are largely contingent on the capacities of the people and organizations within those institutions to learn, innovate, and adapt, both individually and collectively. These capacities may be powerfully constrained or catalyzed by the nature of the relationships between the various entities involved. Trust, in particular, has been identified repeatedly as a key component of institutional relationships that supports adaptive governance and successful NRM outcomes. We apply an ecological lens to a pre-existing framework to examine how different types of trust may interact to drive institutional resilience in NRM contexts. We present the broad contours of what we term &amp;#8220;trust...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Functional redundancy; Institutional resilience; Natural resource management; Trust.
Ano: 2015

Learning More Effectively from Experience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fazey, Ioan; Australian National University; ifazey@cres.anu.edu.au.; Fazey, John A.; University of Wales, Bangor; pes001@bangor.ac.uk; Fazey, Della M. A.; University of Wales, Bangor; pes007@bangor.ac.uk.
Developing the capacity for individuals to learn effectively from their experiences is an important part of building the knowledge and skills in organizations to do good adaptive management. This paper reviews some of the research from cognitive psychology and phenomenography to present a way of thinking about learning to assist individuals to make better use of their personal experiences to develop understanding of environmental systems. We suggest that adaptive expertise (an individual&amp;#8217;s ability to deal flexibly with new situations) is particularly relevant for environmental researchers and practitioners. To develop adaptive expertise, individuals need to: (1) vary and reflect on their experiences and become adept at seeking out and taking...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Adaptable practitioners; Experience; Expert; Learning; Macquarie Marshes.
Ano: 2005

How Useful Are Species Distribution Models for Managing Biodiversity under Future Climates?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sinclair, Steve J; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; steve.sinclair@dse.vic.gov.au; White, Matthew D; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; Matt.White@dse.vic.gov.au; Newell, Graeme R; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; Graeme.Newell@dse.vic.gov.au.
Climate change presents unprecedented challenges for biological conservation. Agencies are increasingly looking to modeled projections of species&amp;#8217; distributions under future climates to inform management strategies. As government scientists with a responsibility to communicate the best available science to our policy colleagues, we question whether current modeling approaches and outputs are practically useful. Here, we synthesize conceptual problems with species distribution models (SDMs) associated with interspecific interactions, dispersal, ecological equilibria and time lags, evolution, and the sampling of niche space. Although projected SDMs have undoubtedly been critical in alerting us to the magnitude of climate change impacts, we conclude...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Climatic envelope; Decision support; Distribution modeling; Niche; Spatial modeling; Species interaction.
Ano: 2010

Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boonstra, Wiebren J; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; wijnand.boonstra@su.se.
My aim is to conceptualize power using social science theory and to demonstrate why and how the concept of power can complement resilience studies and other analyses of social-ecological interaction. Social power as a scientific concept refers to the ability to influence both conduct and context. These two dimensions of power (conduct and context) can be observed by differentiating between various sources of power, including, for example, technology or mental power. The relevance of the conceptualization of power presented here is illustrated with the example of fire as a source of social-ecological power. I conclude by discussing how attention to power can help to address issues of social justice and responsibility in social-ecological interactions.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Fire domestication; Power; Resilience; Social responsibility; Social-ecological interactions; Sociology.
Ano: 2016

Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carter, Neil H; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; ncarter@sesync.org; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University; hullvane@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University; mcconn64@msu.edu; Axinn, William; University of Michigan; baxinn@umich.edu; Ghimire, Dirgha; University of Michigan; nepdjg@umich.edu; Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu.
Conserving wildlife while simultaneously meeting the resource needs of a growing human population is a major sustainability challenge. As such, using combined social and environmental perspectives to understand how people and wildlife are interlinked, together with the mechanisms that may weaken or strengthen those linkages, is of utmost importance. However, such integrated information is lacking. To help fill this information gap, we describe an integrated coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) approach for analyzing the patterns, causes, and consequences of changes in wildlife population and habitat, human population and land use, and their interactions. Using this approach, we synthesize research in two sites, Wolong Nature Reserve in China and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Conservation; Endangered species; Interdisciplinary science; Wildlife science.
Ano: 2014

Development and Use of a Bioeconomic Model for Management of Mussel Fisheries under Different Nutrient Regimes in the Temperate Estuary of the Limfjord, Denmark
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Timmermann, Karen; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; kti@dmu.dk; Dinesen, Grete E.; Section for Coastal Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Science, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark; gdi@aqua.dtu.dk; Markager, Stiig; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; markager@dmu.dk; Ravn-Jonsen, Lars; Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; lrj@sam.sdu.dk; Bassompierre, Marc; Novo Nordisk A/S, Kalundborg, Denmark; mbass@post9.tele.dk; Roth, Eva; Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; er@sam.sdu.dk.
Coastal ecosystems worldwide are under pressure from human-induced nutrient inputs, fishing activities,  mariculture, construction work, and climate change. Integrated management instruments handling one or more of these problems in combination with socioeconomic issues are therefore necessary to secure a sustainable use of resources. In the Limfjord, a temperate eutrophic estuary in Denmark, nutrient load reductions are necessary to fulfill EU regulations such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The expected outcome of these load reductions is an improved water quality, but also reduced production of the abundant stock of filter-feeding blue mussels, Mytilus edulis. This is expected to have significant economic consequences for the million-euro mussel...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Decision support system; Ecological-socioeconomic model; Eutrophication; Mussel production; Nutrient loading; Predictive models; System-based management; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2014

Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Context of Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
The concept of payments for ecosystem services (PES) has recently emerged as a promising tool for enhancing or safeguarding the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Although the concept has been extensively scrutinized in terms of its potential positive and negative impacts on the poor in developing countries, less attention has been paid to examining the role of PES in the context of adaptation to climate change. PES has some potential to contribute to adaptation to climate change, but there are also risks that it could undermine adaptation efforts. In order to maximize synergies and minimize trade-offs between PES and adaptation, it is important that the conceptual links between both are made explicit. The present article presents the main conceptual...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Payments for ecosystem services; Payments for environmental services; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2012

Social-ecological systems, social diversity, and power: insights from anthropology and political ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fabinyi, Michael; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; michael.fabinyi@jcu.edu.au; Evans, Louisa; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Foale, Simon J; Department of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University; simon.foale@jcu.edu.au.
A social-ecological system (SES) framework increasingly underpins the &amp;#8220;resilience paradigm.&amp;#8221; As with all models, the SES comes with particular biases. We explore these key biases. We critically examine how the SES resilience literature has attempted to define and analyze the social arena. We argue that much SES literature defines people&amp;#8217;s interests and livelihoods as concerned primarily with the environment, and thereby underplays the role of other motivations and social institutions. We also highlight the SES resilience literature&amp;#8217;s focus on institutions and organized social units, which misses key aspects of social diversity and power. Our key premise is the importance of inter- and multi-disciplinary perspectives....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Political ecology; Power; Social diversity; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014

Altered Ecological Flows Blur Boundaries in Urbanizing Watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lookingbill, Todd R; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; tlooking@richmond.edu; Kaushal, Sujay S; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Elmore, Andrew J; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Gardner, Robert; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Eshleman, Keith N; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Hilderbrand, Robert H; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Morgan, Raymond P; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Boynton, Walter R; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Palmer, Margaret A; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;; Dennison, William C; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science;.
The relevance of the boundary concept to ecological processes has been recently questioned. Humans in the post-industrial era have created novel lateral transport fluxes that have not been sufficiently considered in watershed studies. We describe patterns of land-use change within the Potomac River basin and demonstrate how these changes have blurred traditional ecosystem boundaries by increasing the movement of people, materials, and energy into and within the basin.  We argue that this expansion of ecological commerce requires new science, monitoring, and management strategies focused on large rivers and suggest that traditional geopolitical and economic boundaries for environmental decision making be appropriately revised. Effective mitigation of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Catchment ecology; Chesapeake Bay; Interdisciplinary science; Large river; Potomac River; Restoration; Urban metabolism.
Ano: 2009

Synchronous failure: the emerging causal architecture of global crisis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Homer-Dixon, Thomas; Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo, Canada; tfhomer@uwaterloo.ca; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Land and Water, Australia; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Biggs, Reinette; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; oonsie.biggs@su.se; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Lambin, Eric F.; Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Belgium; School of Earth, Energy &amp; Environmental Sciences and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, United States; elambin@stanford.edu; Peterson, Garry D.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; garry.peterson@su.se; Scheffer, Marten; Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Steffen, Will; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia; will.steffen@anu.edu.au; Troell, Max; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; max@beijer.kva.se.
Recent global crises reveal an emerging pattern of causation that could increasingly characterize the birth and progress of future global crises. A conceptual framework identifies this pattern&amp;#8217;s deep causes, intermediate processes, and ultimate outcomes. The framework shows how multiple stresses can interact within a single social-ecological system to cause a shift in that system&amp;#8217;s behavior, how simultaneous shifts of this kind in several largely discrete social-ecological systems can interact to cause a far larger intersystemic crisis, and how such a larger crisis can then rapidly propagate across multiple system boundaries to the global scale. Case studies of the 2008-2009 financial-energy and food-energy crises illustrate the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Conventional oil; Financial system; Global crisis; Grain supply; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2015

The Interplay of Well-being and Resilience in Applying a Social-Ecological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca; Charles, Anthony T; Saint Mary's University; Tony.Charles@SMU.CA; Johnson, Derek; University of Manitoba; derek_johnson@umanitoba.ca; Allison, Edward H; The WorldFish Center and the University of East Anglia; e.allison@cgiar.org.
Innovative combinations of social and ecological theory are required to deal with complexity and change in human-ecological systems. We examined the interplay and complementarities that emerge by linking resilience and social well-being approaches. First, we reflected on the limitations of applying ecological resilience concepts to social systems from the perspective of social theory, and particularly, the concept of well-being. Second, we examined the interplay of resilience and well-being concepts in fostering a social-ecological perspective that promises more appropriate management and policy actions. We examined five key points of interplay: (1) the limits of optimization thinking (e.g., maximum sustainable yield), (2) the role of human agency and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agency; Governance; Integration; Interdisciplinarity; Policy; Sustainability; Thresholds; Transdisciplinarity; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012

Fishful Thinking: Rhetoric, Reality, and the Sea Before Us
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pitcher, Tony J.; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.; pitcher.t@gmail.com; Lam, Mimi E; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.; m.lam@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Fisheries science and management have been shrouded in controversy and rhetoric for over 125 yrs. Human reliance on fish through history (and even prehistory) has impacted the sea and its resources. Global impacts are manifest today in threatened food security and vulnerable marine ecosystems. Growing consumer demand and subsidized industrial fisheries exacerbate ecosystem degradation, climate change, global inequities, and local poverty. Ten commonly advocated fisheries management solutions, if implemented alone, cannot remedy a history of intense fishing and serial stock depletions. Fisheries policy strategies evaluated along five performance modalities (ecological, economic, social, ethical, and institutional) suggest that composite management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Back-to-the-future; Ecological ethics; Ecosystem restoration; Fisheries management; Fishing down the food web; Food security; Policy goals; The sea ahead; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2010

Empirically Based, Agent-based models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University and Arizona State University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
There is an increasing drive to combine agent-based models with empirical methods. An overview is provided of the various empirical methods that are used for different kinds of questions. Four categories of empirical approaches are identified in which agent-based models have been empirically tested: case studies, stylized facts, role-playing games, and laboratory experiments. We discuss how these different types of empirical studies can be combined. The various ways empirical techniques are used illustrate the main challenges of contemporary social sciences: (1) how to develop models that are generalizable and still applicable in specific cases, and (2) how to scale up the processes of interactions of a few agents to interactions among many agents.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agent-based models; Empirical applications; Social science methods.
Ano: 2006

Crossing Scales and Disciplines to Achieve Forest Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sturtevant, Brian; Institute for Applied Ecosystems Studies, Northern Research Station, US Forest Service; bsturtevant@fs.fed.us.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Ecosystem management; Forest sustainability; Interdisciplinary modeling; Land planning; Participatory modeling; Scaling; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2008

Strategies for managing complex social-ecological systems in the face of uncertainty: examples from South Africa and beyond
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; oonsie@sun.ac.za; Rhode, Clint; Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; clintr@sun.ac.za; Archibald, Sally; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, South Africa; Centre for African Ecology, Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa ; sarchibald@csir.co.za; Kunene, Lucky Makhosini; Department of Sociology, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa; Africa Institute of South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; lkunene@ufh.ac.za; Mutanga, Shingirirai S.; Africa Institute of South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; Smutanga@ai.org.za; Nkuna, Nghamula; Public Administration, University of Limpopo, South Africa; nghamula.nkuna@ul.ac.za; Ocholla, Peter Omondi; Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Hydrology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; peterocholla@gmail.com; Phadima, Lehlohonolo Joe; Scientific Services Division, Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, South Africa ; phadimal@kznwildlife.com.
Improving our ability to manage complex, rapidly changing social-ecological systems is one of the defining challenges of the 21st century. This is particularly crucial if large-scale poverty alleviation is to be secured without undermining the capacity of the environment to support future generations. To address this challenge, strategies that enable judicious management of social-ecological systems in the face of substantive uncertainty are needed. Several such strategies are emerging from the developing body of work on complexity and resilience. We identify and discuss four strategies, providing practical examples of how each strategy has been applied in innovative ways to manage turbulent social-ecological change in South Africa and the broader region:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Complexity; Resilience; Social-ecological systems  southern Africa; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2015

Evaluation of a Participatory Resource Monitoring System for Nontimber Forest Products: the Case of Amla (Phyllanthus spp.) Fruit Harvest by Soligas in South India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Setty, R. Siddappa; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); siddappa@atree.org; Bawa, Kamal; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); University of Massachusetts; kamal.bawa@umb.edu; Ticktin, Tamara; University of Hawaii at Manoa; ticktin@hawaii.edu; Gowda, C. Made; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); cmade@atree.org.
Enhancing incomes from the sustainable harvest of nontimber forest products can help to maintain local livelihoods and provide local communities with economic incentives to conserve biodiversity. A key feature of a successful enterprise approach to the conservation of these products is a sound monitoring and evaluation program that involves all concerned stakeholders and leads to adaptive management. However, few studies have presented any of the approaches, successes, or challenges involved in participatory monitoring initiatives for nontimber forest products. We present our experiences using a participatory research model that we developed and used over a 10-yr (1995&amp;#8211;2005) period for the wild harvesting of Phyllanthus spp. fruits (amla) by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Amla; Fruit harvest; Soliga; Participatory resource monitoring; Nontimber forest products; Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary.
Ano: 2008

A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: synthesis and future directions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chaffin, Brian C.; Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University; chaffinb@geo.oregonstate.edu; Gosnell, Hannah; Geography Program, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University; gosnellh@geo.oregonstate.edu; Cosens, Barbara A.; College of Law and Waters of the West Program, University of Idaho; bcosens@uidaho.edu.
Adaptive governance is an emergent form of environmental governance that is increasingly called upon by scholars and practitioners to coordinate resource management regimes in the face of the complexity and uncertainty associated with rapid environmental change.  Although the term &amp;#8220;adaptive governance&amp;#8221; is not exclusively applied to the governance of social-ecological systems, related research represents a significant outgrowth of literature on resilience, social-ecological systems, and environmental governance.  We present a chronology of major scholarship on adaptive governance, synthesizing efforts to define the concept and identifying the array of governance concepts associated with transformation toward adaptive governance.  Based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Environmental governance; Literature review; Resilience.
Ano: 2014

Public Policies and Management of Rural Forests: Lasting Alliance or Fool's Dialogue?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Michon, Genevieve; IRD; genevieve.michon@ird.fr; Nasi, Robert ; CIFOR; r.nasi@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Domestication; Forestry regulations; Local forest management; Patrimony; Political ecology; Public policies; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Farmers&amp;#8217; knowledge and use of soil fauna in agriculture: a worldwide review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pauli, Natasha; School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; natasha.pauli@uwa.edu.au; Abbott, Lynette K; School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; lynette.abbott@uwa.edu.au.
General knowledge of the small, invisible, or hidden organisms that make soil one of the most biodiverse habitats on Earth is thought to be scarce, despite their importance in food systems and agricultural production. We provide the first worldwide review of high-quality research that reports on farmers&amp;#8217; knowledge of soil organisms in agriculture. The depth of farmers&amp;#8217; knowledge varied; some farming communities held detailed local taxonomies and observations of soil biota, or used soil biological activity as indicators of soil fertility, while others were largely unaware of soil fauna. Elicitation of soil biota knowledge was often incidental to the main research goal in many of the reviewed studies. Farmers are rarely deliberately or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Ethnoecology; Ethnopedology; Farmer knowledge; Local knowledge; Soil biota.
Ano: 2016

Strengthening the role of universities in addressing sustainability challenges: the Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions as an institutional experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hart, David D.; Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine; david.hart@umit.maine.edu; Bell, Kathleen P.; School of Economics, University of Maine; kathleen.p.bell@umit.maine.edu; Lindenfeld, Laura A.; Department of Communication and Journalism, and Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center, University of Maine; Laura_Lindenfeld@umit.maine.edu; Jain, Shaleen; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine; Shaleen.Jain@maine.edu; Johnson, Teresa R.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; teresa.johnson@maine.edu; Ranco, Darren; Native American Programs, and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine; darren.ranco@maine.edu; McGill, Brian; School of Biology and Ecology, and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine; mail@brianmcgill.org.
As the magnitude, complexity, and urgency of many sustainability problems increase, there is a growing need for universities to contribute more effectively to problem solving. Drawing upon prior research on social-ecological systems, knowledge-action connections, and organizational innovation, we developed an integrated conceptual framework for strengthening the capacity of universities to help society understand and respond to a wide range of sustainability challenges. Based on experiences gained in creating the Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions (Mitchell Center), we tested this framework by evaluating the experiences of interdisciplinary research teams involved in place-based, solutions-oriented research projects at the scale...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis); Interdisciplinary research; Knowledge-action connections: organizational innovation; Place-based solutions; Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions; Social-ecological systems; Solutions-oriented research; Stormwater infrastructure; Sustainability science; Sustainability solutions; Tidal energy development; Universities.
Ano: 2015

Emerging synthesis themes from the study of social-ecological systems of a tropical city
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lugo, Ariel E.; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico; alugo@fs.fed.us; Quintero, Braulio; State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry ; baquinte@syr.edu.
The synthesis of the contributions in this special issue about the tropical city of San Juan has resulted in five themes.  First, the city is subject to multiple vulnerabilities, but socioeconomic factors and education level affect the perception of citizens to those vulnerabilities, even in the face of imminent threat.  Second, in light of the social-ecological conditions of the city, how its citizens and institutions deal with knowledge to respond to vulnerabilities becomes critical to the adaptive capacity of the city.  Third, the relationship between socioeconomic factors and green cover, which in 2002 covered 42% of the city, is not what has been reported for other temperate zone cities. In San Juan, neighborhoods with households of high socioeconomic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Green and blue infrastructure; Information flows; Novel ecosystems; Social-ecological systems; Tropical cities; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Sustainable Land Use in Mountain Regions Under Global Change: Synthesis Across Scales and Disciplines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch; Brand, Fridolin Simon; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; fridolin.brand@env.ethz.ch; Briner, Simon; Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; briners@ethz.ch; Hirschi, Christian; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Lischke, Heike; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL;; Scholz, Roland Werner; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roland.scholz@env.ethz.ch; Seidl, Roman; Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Walz, Ariane; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK; Institute for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam;; Zimmermann, Willi; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich;; Bugmann, Harald; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch.
Mountain regions provide essential ecosystem goods and services (EGS) for both mountain dwellers and people living outside these areas. Global change endangers the capacity of mountain ecosystems to provide key services. The Mountland project focused on three case study regions in the Swiss Alps and aimed to propose land-use practices and alternative policy solutions to ensure the provision of key EGS under climate and land-use changes. We summarized and synthesized the results of the project and provide insights into the ecological, socioeconomic, and political processes relevant for analyzing global change impacts on a European mountain region. In Mountland, an integrative approach was applied, combining methods from economics and the political and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Experiments; Interdisciplinary research; Land-use change; Modeling; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2013

Designing Participation Processes for Water Management and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; yorck.von-korff@lisode.com; d'Aquino, Patrick; CIRAD; daquino@cirad.fr; Daniell, Katherine A; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; Australian National University; katherine.daniell@gmail.com; Bijlsma, Rianne; Deltares; r.m.bijlsma@utwente.nl.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Design guides; Participation; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Probing the interfaces between the social sciences and social-ecological resilience: insights from integrative and hybrid perspectives in the social sciences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stone-Jovicich, Samantha; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Adaptive Social and Economic Sciences Program; samantha.stone-jovicich@csiro.au.
Social scientists, and scholars in related interdisciplinary fields, have critiqued resilience thinking&amp;#8217;s oversimplification of social dimensions of coupled social-ecological systems. Resilience scholars have countered with &amp;#8220;where is the ecology&amp;#8221; in social analyses? My aim is to contribute to current efforts to strengthen inter- and transdisciplinary debate and inquiry between the social-ecological resilience community and the social sciences. I synthesize three social science perspectives, which stress the complex, dynamic, and multiscalar interconnections between the biophysical and social realms in explaining social-environmental change, and which place both the social and ecology centre stage in their analyses:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Actor-network theory; Agency; ANT; Human-environment relations; Hybrid perspectives; Interdisciplinary; Normative issues; Political ecology; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social sciences; Social systems; Transdisciplinary; World systems analysis.
Ano: 2015

Cultural Ecosystem Services: A Literature Review and Prospects for Future Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Cultural ecosystem services constitute a growing field of research that is characterized by an increasing number of publications from various academic disciplines. We conducted a semiquantitative review of publications explicitly dealing with cultural ecosystem services. Our aims were: (1) to provide an overview of the current state of research, (2) to classify the diversity of research approaches by identifying clusters of publications that address cultural ecosystem services in similar ways, and (3) to highlight some important challenges for the future of cultural ecosystem services research. We reviewed 107 publications and extracted 20 attributes describing their type and content, including methods, scales, drivers of change, and trade-offs between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aesthetic values; Bundling; CES valuation; Cluster analysis; Cultural heritage; Cultural landscapes; Drivers of change; Intangible benefits; Landscape values; Nonuse values; Policy implications; Recreation and ecotourism.
Ano: 2013

Enabling Effective Problem-oriented Research for Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kueffer, Christoph; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich; kueffer@env.ethz.ch; Underwood, Evelyn; Alliance for Global Sustainability, ETH Zurich;; Hirsch Hadorn, Gertrude; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Holderegger, Rolf; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich; WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute;; Pohl, Christian; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Schirmer, Mario; Eawag;; Stauffacher, Michael; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Wuelser, Gabriela; Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich;; Edwards, Peter; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich; Alliance for Global Sustainability, ETH Zurich;.
Environmental problems caused by human activities are increasing; biodiversity is disappearing at an unprecedented rate, soils are being irreversibly damaged, freshwater is increasingly in short supply, and the climate is changing. To reverse or even to reduce these trends will require a radical transformation in the relationship between humans and the natural environment. Just how this can be achieved within, at most, a few decades is unknown, but it is clear that academia must play a crucial role. Many believe, however, that academic institutions need to become more effective in helping societies move toward sustainability. We first synthesize current thinking about this crisis of research effectiveness. We argue that those involved in producing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinarity; Knowing-doing gap; Outreach; Participation; Post-normal science; Problem-oriented research; Research partnership; Research policy; Science-policy nexus; Social learning; Transdisciplinarity; Transition management.
Ano: 2012

A basic guide for empirical environmental social science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; michael.e.cox@dartmouth.edu.
In this paper, I address a gap in the literature on environmental social science by providing a basic rubric for the conduct of empirical research in this interdisciplinary field. Current literature displays a healthy diversity of methods and techniques, but this has also been accompanied by a lack of consistency in the way in which research in this area is done. In part this can be seen as resulting from a lack in supporting texts that would provide a basis for this consistency. Although relevant methods texts do exist, these are not written with this type of research explicitly in mind, and so translating them to this field can be awkward. This paper is designed to fill this gap and enable more consistency in the conduct of empirical environmental social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental social science; Research design; Research methods.
Ano: 2015

A Review of Design Principles for Community-based Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Indiana University; miecox@indiana.edu; Arnold, Gwen; Indiana University; gbarnold@indiana.edu.
In 1990, Elinor Ostrom proposed eight design principles, positing them to characterize robust institutions for managing common-pool resources such as forests or fisheries. Since then, many studies have explicitly or implicitly evaluated these design principles. We analyzed 91 such studies to evaluate the principles empirically and to consider what theoretical issues have arisen since their introduction. We found that the principles are well supported empirically and that several important theoretical issues warrant discussion. We provide a reformulation of the design principles, drawing from commonalities found in the studies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Design principles; Diagnostics; Institutions.
Ano: 2010

Rethinking Social Contracts: Building Resilience in a Changing Climate
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Brien, Karen; Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Norway; karen.obrien@sosgeo.uio.no; Hayward, Bronwyn; School of Political Science and Communication, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; bronwyn.hayward@canterbury.ac.nz; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba, Canada; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Social contracts play an important role in defining the reciprocal rights, obligations, and responsibilities between states and citizens. Climate change is creating new challenges for both states and citizens, inevitably forcing a rethinking of existing and evolving social contracts. In particular, the social arrangements that enhance the well-being and security of both present and future generations are likely to undergo dramatic transformations in response to ecosystem changes, more extreme weather events, and the consequences of social&amp;#8211;ecological changes in distant locations.  The types of social contracts that evolve in the face of a changing climate will have considerable implications for adaptation policies and processes.  We consider how a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; New Zealand; Northern Canada; Norway; Resilience; Social contracts.
Ano: 2009

Ecosystem Considerations for Postdisaster Recovery:  Lessons from China, Pakistan, and Elsewhere for Recovery Planning in Haiti
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mainka, Susan A; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; sue.mainka@iucn.org; McNeely, Jeffrey; IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature; jam@hq.iucn.org.
As the world joins forces to support the people of Haiti on their long road of recovery following the January 2010 earthquake, plans and strategies should take into consideration past experiences from other postdisaster recovery efforts with respect to integrating ecosystem considerations.  Sound ecosystem management can both support the medium and long-term needs for recovery as well as help to buffer the impacts of future extreme natural events, which for Haiti are likely to include both hurricanes and earthquakes.  An additional challenge will be to include the potential impacts of climate change into ecosystem management strategies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Disaster recovery; Ecosystems and livelihoods; Haiti.
Ano: 2011

Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Brian W.; Department of the Interior North Central Climate Science Center, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; brian.miller@colostate.edu; Morisette, Jeffrey T.; Department of the Interior North Central Climate Science Center, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; U.S. Geological Survey; morisettej@usgs.gov.
Developing resource management strategies in the face of climate change is complicated by the considerable uncertainty associated with projections of climate and its impacts and by the complex interactions between social and ecological variables. The broad, interconnected nature of this challenge has resulted in calls for analytical frameworks that integrate research tools and can support natural resource management decision making in the face of uncertainty and complex interactions. We respond to this call by first reviewing three methods that have proven useful for climate change research, but whose application and development have been largely isolated: species distribution modeling, scenario planning, and simulation modeling. Species distribution...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Complex-adaptive systems; Natural resource management; Scenario planning; Simulations; Species distribution modeling; State-and-transition modeling.
Ano: 2014

Philosophical Issues in Ecology: Recent Trends and Future Directions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colyvan, Mark; University of Sydney; mcolyvan@usyd.edu.au; Linquist, Stefan; University of Guelph; linquist@uoguelph.ca; Grey, William; University of Queensland; wgrey@uq.edu.au; Griffiths, Paul E.; University of Sydney; paul@representinggenes.org; Odenbaugh, Jay; Lewis and Clark College; jay@lclark.edu; Possingham, Hugh P; University of Queensland; h.possingham@uq.edu.au.
Philosophy of ecology has been slow to become established as an area of philosophical interest, but it is now receiving considerable attention. This area holds great promise for the advancement of both ecology and the philosophy of science. Insights from the philosophy of science can advance ecology in a number of ways. For example, philosophy can assist with the development of improved models of ecological hypothesis testing and theory choice. Philosophy can also help ecologists understand the role and limitations of mathematical models in ecology. On the other side, philosophy of science will be advanced by having ecological case studies as part of the stock of examples. Ecological case studies can shed light on old philosophical topics as well as raise...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Community ecology; Decision theory; Environmental ethics; Hypothesis testing; Philosophy of ecology; Population models.
Ano: 2009

The research journey: travels across the idiomatic and axiomatic toward a better understanding of complexity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGowan, Katharine A.; University of Waterloo, Canada; k2mcgowa@uwaterloo.ca; Westley, Frances; University of Waterloo, Canada; fwestley@uwaterloo.ca; Fraser, Evan D. G.; University of Guelph, Canada; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Loring, Philip A.; University of Saskatchewan, Canada; ploring@alaska.edu; Weathers, Kathleen C.; Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies, United States; weathersk@ecostudies.org; Avelino, Flor; Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Netherlands; avelino@fsw.eur.nl; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Austria; sendzim@iiasa.ac.at; Roy Chowdhury, Rinku; Indiana University (Bloomington), United States; rroychow@indiana.edu; Moore, Michele-Lee; University of Victoria, Canada; mlmoore@uvic.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Interdisciplinarity; Social-ecological systems; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2014

Studying the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Europe: a meta-analysis of 89 journal articles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boeuf, Blandine; water@leeds, University of Leeds; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; eebgb@leeds.ac.uk; Fritsch, Oliver; water@leeds, University of Leeds; School of Geography, University of Leeds; o.fritsch@leeds.ac.uk.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is arguably the most ambitious piece of European Union (EU) legislation in the field of water. The directive defines a general framework for integrated river basin management in Europe with a view to achieving &amp;#8220;good water status&amp;#8221; by 2015. Institutional novelties include, among others, water management at hydrological scales, the involvement of nonstate actors in water planning, and various economic principles, as well as a common strategy to support EU member states during the implementation of the directive. More than 15 years after the adoption of the WFD, and with the passing of an important milestone, 2015,  we believe it is time for an interim assessment. This article provides a systematic review...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: EU environmental policy; Meta-analysis; Policy implementation; Systematic review; Water Framework Directive; Water governance.
Ano: 2016

Toward Integrated Analysis of Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity: Lessons from Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; dgoliche@sclc.ecosur.mx; Gonzalez-Espinosa, Mario; ECOSUR; mgonzale@ecosur.mx; Huth, Andreas; UFZ; andreas.huth@ufz.de; Premoli, Andrea; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.
Although sustainable forest management (SFM) has been widely adopted as a policy and management goal, high rates of forest loss and degradation are still occurring in many areas. Human activities such as logging, livestock husbandry, crop cultivation, infrastructural development, and use of fire are causing widespread loss of biodiversity, restricting progress toward SFM. In such situations, there is an urgent need for tools that can provide an integrated assessment of human impacts on forest biodiversity and that can support decision making related to forest use. This paper summarizes the experience gained by an international collaborative research effort spanning more than a decade, focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Environmental modeling; Landscape ecology; Latin America; Spatial analysis; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2009

The Adaptive Co-Management Process: an Initial Synthesis of Representative Models and Influential Variables
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Department of Tourism and Environment, Brock University; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University  ; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca.
Collaborative and adaptive approaches to environmental management have captured the attention of administrators, resource users, and scholars. Adaptive co-management builds upon these approaches to create a novel governance strategy. This paper investigates the dynamics of the adaptive co-management process and the variables that influence it. The investigation begins by summarizing analytical and causal models relevant to the adaptive co-management process. Variables that influence this process are then synthesized from diverse literatures, categorized as being exogenous or endogenous, and developed into respective analytical frameworks. In identifying commonalities among models of the adaptive co-management process and discerning influential variables,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Co-management; Environmental governance; Resilience; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2009

Coastal Lagoons and Climate Change: Ecological and Social Ramifications in U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anthony, Abigail; University of Rhode Island; abigailanthony@gmail.com; Atwood, Joshua; University of Rhode Island; josh.atwood@gmail.com; August, Peter; University of Rhode Island; pete@edc.uri.edu; Byron, Carrie; University of Rhode Island; carriebyron@mail.uri.edu; Cobb, Stanley; University of Rhode Island; scobb@uri.edu; Foster, Cheryl; University of Rhode Island; cherylf@uri.edu; Fry, Crystal; University of Rhode Island; cfry315@gmail.com; Gold, Arthur; University of Rhode Island; agold@uri.edu; Hagos, Kifle; University of Rhode Island; kwhagos@gmail.com; Heffner, Leanna; University of Rhode Island; leanna.heffner@gmail.com; Kellogg, D. Q; University of Rhode Island; qkellogg@uri.edu; Lellis-Dibble, Kimberly; University of Rhode Island; kimberlylellis@yahoo.com; Opaluch, James J; University of Rhode Island; JimO@URI.Edu; Oviatt, Candace; University of Rhode Island; coviatt@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu; Pfeiffer-Herbert, Anna; University of Rhode Island; annaph@gso.uri.edu; Rohr, Nicole; University of Rhode Island; nicoro12@gmail.com; Smith, Leslie; University of Rhode Island; leslie.smith@gso.uri.edu; Smythe, Tiffany; ; tcsmythe@my.uri.edu; Swift, Judith; University of Rhode Island; jswift@uri.edu; Vinhateiro, Nathan; University of Rhode Island; nate@gso.uri.edu.
Lagoons are highly productive coastal features that provide a range of natural services that society values. Their setting within the coastal landscape leaves them especially vulnerable to profound physical, ecological, and associated societal disturbance from global climate change. Expected shifts in physical and ecological characteristics range from changes in flushing regime, freshwater inputs, and water chemistry to complete inundation and loss and the concomitant loss of natural and human communities. Therefore, managing coastal lagoons in the context of global climate change is critical. Although management approaches will vary depending on local conditions and cultural norms, all management scenarios will need to be nimble and to make full use of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coastal lagoons; Ecosystems; Social values.
Ano: 2009

Balancing Accuracy and Meaning in Common-Pool Resource Theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University; miecox@indiana.edu.
Common-pool resources are managed in complex environments that are amenable to understanding, analysis, and management at multiple levels. This paper develops a heuristic criterion to identify the costs and benefits of adopting various levels of analysis when constructing theory for common-pool resource management. It argues that there is no single optimal level for such analysis. Instead, a trade-off is posed where theories at higher levels tend to be more accurate but less meaningful than theories at lower levels.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Complexity; Institutional analysis; Scale.
Ano: 2008

Designing Landscapes for Performance Based on Emerging Principles in Landscape Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lovell, Sarah Taylor; University of Vermont; Sarah.Lovell@uvm.edu; Johnston, Douglas M.; Iowa State University; dmjohnst@iastate.edu.
We have proposed a framework for transforming landscapes to improve performance by integrating ecological principles into landscape design.  This effort would focus on the development of multifunctional landscapes, guided by the rapidly growing knowledge base of ecosystem services provided by landscape features.  Although the conventional approach to landscape ecology is based on a model that assumes poor ecological quality in the human-dominated matrix, a review of recent literature reveals important opportunities to improve the quality of the landscape matrix by increasing spatial heterogeneity through the addition of seminatural landscape elements designed to provide multiple ecosystem services.  Taken alone, these individual elements might not appear...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystem; Design guidelines; Ecological design; Ecosystem services; Human-dominated; Multifunctional landscape; Multifunctionality; Urban agriculture; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2009

The governance of adaptation: choices, reasons, and effects. Introduction to the Special Feature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Open University of the Netherlands; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Adger, William Neil; University of Exeter; n.adger@exeter.ac.uk; Berkhout, Frans; Department of Geography, King's College London, UK; frans.berkhout@kcl.ac.uk; Massey, Eric; VU University; eric.massey@vu.nl; Mazmanian, Daniel; University of Southern California; mazmania@usc.edu; Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; stefania.munaretto@vu.nl; Plummer, Ryan; Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca; Termeer, Catrien C. J. A. M.; Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl.
The governance of climate adaptation involves the collective efforts of multiple societal actors to address problems, or to reap the benefits, associated with impacts of climate change. Governing involves the creation of  institutions, rules and organizations, and the selection of normative principles to guide problem solution and institution building. We argue that actors involved in governing climate change adaptation, as climate change governance regimes evolve, inevitably must engage  in making choices, for instance on problem definitions, jurisdictional levels, on modes of governance and policy instruments, and on the timing of interventions. Yet little is known about how and why these choices are made in practice, and how such choices affect the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Governance.
Ano: 2016

Can Adaptive Comanagement Help to Address the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca.
A shift is taking place within environmental governance that draws attention to modes and instruments that respond to system dynamics, uncertainty, and contested values.  Adaptive comanagement is one process being advanced to make governance operational as it emphasizes collaboration among diverse actors, functions across scales and levels, and fosters learning though iterative feedback. Although extensive experience with adaptive comanagement has been gained in relation to other environmental and resource issues, its potential contribution to the governance of adaption is largely unexplored. This paper probes how adaptive comanagement might offer support to climate change adaptation and identifies gaps in knowledge requiring attention. In drawing upon...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive comanagement; Adaptive responses; Climate change adaptation; Environmental governance.
Ano: 2013

Strengthening Environmental Foresight: Potential Contributions of Futures Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bengston, David N; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; dbengston@fs.fed.us; Kubik, George H; Anticipatory Futures Group, LLC; University of Minnesota, Innovation Studies; kubik005@umn.edu; Bishop, Peter C; Associate Professor of Strategic Foresight, Dept. of Futures Studies, The University of Houston; pbishop@uh.edu.
The need for environmental foresight has increased in recent decades as the pace of change has accelerated and the frequency of surprise has increased. Successfully dealing with the growing impacts of change on social-ecological systems depends on our ability to anticipate change. But traditional scientific tools are blunt instruments for studying a future that does not exist. We propose that futures research, a transdisciplinary field of inquiry that has been developing for more than 50 years, offers an underused but fruitful set of approaches to address this important challenge. A few futures research methods&amp;#8212;notably several forms of scenario analysis&amp;#8212;have been applied to environmental issues and problems in recent years. But...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental futures; Futures research; Scenarios; Strategic foresight.
Ano: 2012

Linking Flow Regime and Water Quality in Rivers: a Challenge to Adaptive Catchment Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Water quality describes the physicochemical characteristics of the water body.  These vary naturally with the weather and with the spatiotemporal variation of the water flow, i.e., the flow regime. Worldwide, biota have adapted to the variation in these variables. River channels and their riparian zones contain a rich selection of adapted species and have been able to offer goods and services for sustaining human civilizations. Many human impacts on natural riverine environments have been destructive and present opportunities for rehabilitation. It is a big challenge to satisfy the needs of both humans and nature, without sacrificing one or the other. New ways of thinking, new policies, and institutional commitment are needed to make improvements, both in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Catchment scale; Ecosystem processes; Environmental flows; Flow regime; Rivers; Water quality.
Ano: 2008

U.S. wildfire governance as social-ecological problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steelman, Toddi; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; toddi.steelman@usask.ca.
There are fundamental spatial and temporal disconnects between the specific policies that have been crafted to address our wildfire challenges. The biophysical changes in fuels, wildfire behavior, and climate have created a new set of conditions for which our wildfire governance system is poorly suited to address.  To address these challenges, a reorientation of goals is needed to focus on creating an anticipatory wildfire governance system focused on social and ecological resilience. Key characteristics of this system could include the following: (1) not taking historical patterns as givens; (2) identifying future social and ecological thresholds of concern; (3) embracing diversity/heterogeneity as principles in ecological and social responses; and (4)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Institutions; Policy; Scale; Social-ecological system; United States; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016

Epistemological Pluralism: Reorganizing Interdisciplinary Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Miller, Thaddeus R; Arizona State University; Thad.Miller@asu.edu; Baird, Timothy D; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;; Littlefield, Caitlin M; University of Wisconsin-Madison;; Kofinas, Gary; University of Alaska Fairbanks; ffgpk@uaf.edu; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu; Redman, Charles L; Arizona State University; Charles.Redman@asu.edu.
Despite progress in interdisciplinary research, difficulties remain. In this paper, we argue that scholars, educators, and practitioners need to critically rethink the ways in which interdisciplinary research and training are conducted. We present epistemological pluralism as an approach for conducting innovative, collaborative research and study. Epistemological pluralism recognizes that, in any given research context, there may be several valuable ways of knowing, and that accommodating this plurality can lead to more successful integrated study. This approach is particularly useful in the study and management of social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. Through resilience theory's adaptive cycle, we demonstrate how a focus on epistemological pluralism can...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Epistemology; Interdisciplinary.
Ano: 2008

A Review of Two Payment Schemes for Watershed Services from China and Vietnam: the Interface of Government Control and PES Theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kolinjivadi, Vijay K; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); vijay.kolinjivadi@mail.mcgill.ca; Sunderland, Terry; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); T.Sunderland@cgiar.org.
China and Vietnam have developed some of the most ambitious payments for ecosystem services (PES) initiatives for watershed conservation and forest management. These include the Sloping Land Conversion Programme in China and pilot projects designed to implement Decision 380 and the subsequent national PES law in Vietnam. This study reviews how these two government-driven initiatives are achieving their environment and development objectives in terms of their institutional arrangements, implementation in practice, and sustainability prospects. Although it remains too soon to determine the effects of these programs on watershed services, early evidence indicates that they are resulting in vulnerable land being retired from cultivation supported, in some...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: China; Environment; Payments for ecosystem services; Vietnam; Well-being.
Ano: 2012

The Evolutionary Basis of Rigidity: Locks in Cells, Minds, and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Westley, Frances R; University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; westley@wisc.edu.
Feedbacks leading to alternative stable modes of behavior occur on levels varying from the cell and the mind to societies. The tendency to lock into a certain pattern comes at the cost of the ability to adjust to new situations. The resulting rigidity limits the ability of persons, groups, and companies to respond to new problems, and some even suggest that it may have contributed to the collapse of ancient societies. In the face of these negative effects, it may seem surprising that lock-in situations are so ubiquitous. Here, we show that the tendency to lock into one of several alternative modes usually serves an apparent purpose. In cells, it filters out noise, and allows a well-defined and consistent behavior once a certain threshold is passed....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity in humans.
Ano: 2007

Avoiding Environmental Catastrophes: Varieties of Principled Precaution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Alan R; Clemson University; Alanj@Clemson.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Aldo Leopold; Ambiguity; Blaise Pascal; Daniel Ellsberg; Decision theory; Future generations; Gifford Pinchot; Intelligent tinkering; Precautionary principle; Resilience; Risk; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012

Urban Ecological and Social-Ecological Research in the City of Cape Town: Insights Emerging from an Urban Ecology CityLab
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Pippin ; African Centre for Cities, Environmental and Geographical Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; pippin.anderson@uct.ac.za; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; thomase@ecology.su.se.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: African Centre for Cities; Cape Town; CityLab; Social urban ecology; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2012

Conservation Biology and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Integrating Academic Disciplines for Better Conservation Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Drew, Joshua A; Boston University Marine Program; jdrew@bu.edu; Henne, Adam P; Anthropology Department - University of Georgia; ahenne@uga.edu.
Conservation biology and environmental anthropology are disciplines that are both concerned with the identification and preservation of diversity, in one case biological and in the other cultural. Both conservation biology and the study of traditional ecoloigcal knowledge function at the nexus of the social and natural worlds, yet historically there have been major impediments to integrating the two. Here we identify linguistic, cultural, and epistemological barriers between the two disciplines. We argue that the two disciplines are uniquely positioned to inform each other and to provide critical insights and new perspectives on the way these sciences are practiced. We conclude by synthesizing common themes found in conservation success stories, and by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Conservation; Critical analysis; Multidisciplinary research.
Ano: 2006

Revisiting the Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects of Population Growth: a Fundamental but Fading Issue in Modern Scientific, Public, and Political Circles
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mora, Camilo; Department of Geography, University of Hawaii; cmora@hawaii.edu.
Reversing ongoing declines in human welfare and biodiversity is at the core of human development. Although numerous institutions and avenues are in place to reverse such trends, there seems to be limited consideration of population growth as an ultimate driver. I review recent studies showing how the issue of population growth has been downplayed and trivialized among scientific fields, which may in part account for the reduced public interest in the issue and in turn the limited will for policy action. Different sources of evidence suggest that population growth could fundamentally affect society, nature, and the climate. Although tackling the issue of overpopulation will suffer from major impediments including scientific motivation, public scientific...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Climate change; Debt; Employment; Population growth; Public outreach.
Ano: 2014

Local Social and Environmental Impacts of Biofuels: Global Comparative Assessment and Implications for Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research; University of Georgia; L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Schoneveld , George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research; G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; Pacheco, Pablo; Center for International Forestry Research; p.pacheco@cgiar.org.
The 2000s witnessed the rapid expansion of biofuel plantations in the global South in the context of a growing trend of crop plantation expansion. This trend has been spurred by policies in the European Union, United States, Brazil, and other countries favoring the use of biofuels in the transport sector to enhance energy security and reduce carbon emissions, as well as by the desire of governments in developing countries to harness the stimulus that new commercial investments provide to the agricultural sector and to national economies. Despite these potential benefits, a number of concerns have been raised about the local social and environmental impacts of biofuel feedstock expansion. We shed light on this debate through a synthesis of findings from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Developing countries; Environmental impacts; Global South; Social impacts.
Ano: 2011

Is Education a Key to Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters and hence Unavoidable Climate Change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Differential vulnerability; Education; Human capital; Natural disasters.
Ano: 2014

Small islands, valuable insights: systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McMillen, Heather L; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; hmcmille@hawaii.edu; Ticktin, Tamara; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; ticktin@hawaii.edu; Friedlander, Alan; National Geographic Society-Pristine Seas Project; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; alan.Friedlander@hawaii.edu; Jupiter, Stacy D; Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji Country Program; sjupiter@wcs.org; Thaman, Randolph; University of the South Pacific; randolph.thaman@usp.ac.fj; Campbell, John; University of Waikato; j.campbell@waikato.ac.nz; Veitayaki, Joeli; University of the South Pacific; joeli.veitayaki@usp.ac.fj; Giambelluca, Thomas; University of Hawai&amp;#699;i at M&amp;#257;noa; Nagoya University; thomas@hawaii.edu; Nihmei, Salesa; SPREP; salesan@sprep.org; Rupeni, Etika; IUCN/Locally Managed Marine Network; etika.rupeni@iucn.org; Apis-Overhoff, Lucille; University of the South Pacific; lu.overhoff@gmail.com; Aalbersberg, William; University of the South Pacific; william.aalbersberg@usp.ac.fj; Orcherton, Dan F.; Centre for Sustainable Technology and Development, Fiji National University; dan.orcherton@fnu.ac.fj.
Understanding how social-ecological systems are and can be resilient to climate change is one of the world's most crucial problems today. It requires knowledge at local and global scales, the integration of natural and social sciences, and a focus on biocultural diversity. Small Pacific Islands and the knowledge-practice-belief systems of their peoples have a long history of resilience to environmental variability and unpredictability, including in areas with marginal habitats and with periodic, severe disturbance (e.g., drought, flood, storms, and tsunami). We review the state of research on these knowledge systems as it pertains to resilience and adaptation, and we highlight critical research needs to address the interrelated areas of: (1) local-scale...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biocultural diversity; Climate; Customary; Indigenous and local ecological knowledge; Pacific Islands; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2014

Rights for resilience: food sovereignty, power, and resilience in development practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walsh-Dilley, Marygold; Honors College, University of New Mexico; marygoldwd@unm.edu; Wolford, Wendy; Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University; www43@cornell.edu; McCarthy, James; Graduate School of Geography, Clark University; jamccarthy@clarku.edu.
Even as resilience thinking becomes evermore popular as part of strategic programming among development and humanitarian organizations, uncertainty about how to define, operationalize, measure, and evaluate resilience for development goals prevails. As a result, many organizations and institutions have undertaken individual, collective, and simultaneous efforts toward clarification and definition. This has opened up a unique opportunity for a rethinking of development practices. The emergent consensus about what resilience means within development practice will have important consequences both for development practitioners and the communities in which they work. Incorporating resilience thinking into development practice has the potential to radically...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Development; Food sovereignty; Human rights; Resilience; Social justice.
Ano: 2016

The persistence of subsistence: qualitative social-ecological modeling of indigenous aquatic hunting and gathering in tropical Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barber, Marcus; Land and Water Flagship, CSIRO; marcus.barber@csiro.au; Jackson, Sue; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University; sue.jackson@griffith.edu.au; Dambacher, Jeffrey; Digital Productivity Flagship, CSIRO; Jeffrey.Dambacher@csiro.au; Finn, Marcus; Australian Fisheries Management Authority; Marcus.Finn@afma.gov.au.
Subsistence remains critical to indigenous people in settler-colonial states such as Australia, providing key foundations for indigenous identities and for wider state recognition. However, the drivers of contemporary subsistence are rarely fully articulated and analyzed in terms of likely changing conditions. Our interdisciplinary team combined past research experience gained from multiple sites with published literature to create two generalized qualitative models of the socio-cultural and environmental influences on indigenous aquatic subsistence in northern Australia.  One model focused on the longer term (inter-year to generational) persistence of subsistence at the community scale, the other model on shorter term (day to season) drivers of effort by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal people; Future scenarios; Natural resource management; Qualitative modelling; Subsistence fishing.
Ano: 2015

Landscape Scenarios and Multifunctionality: Making Land Use Impact Assessment Operational
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helming, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); khelming@zalf.de.
Ex ante impact assessment can help in structuring the analysis of human-environment interactions thereby supporting land use decision making for sustainable development. The contributions to this special feature focus on some of the challenges of making land use impact assessment operational for policy making. A total of nine papers deal with the needs and uses of assessment tools for policy making at the European level, with the value-based influence in scenario development, and with ex ante impact assessment studies in different contexts, spatial systems, and for different purposes and user groups. The concept of landscape multifunctionality was implicitly or explicitly employed as an integrating entity between socioeconomic and biogeophysical features...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Landscape; Land use; Multifunctionality; Science-policy interface.
Ano: 2011

How to successfully publish interdisciplinary research: learning from an Ecology and Society Special Feature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pohl, Christian; Transdisciplinarity Lab USYS TdLab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; Network for Transdisciplinary Research td-net, Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences; christian.pohl@env.ethz.ch; Wuelser, Gabriela; Network for Transdisciplinary Research td-net, Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences; gabriela.wuelser@scnat.ch; Bebi, Peter; WSL-Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; bebi@slf.ch; Bugmann, Harald; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; harald.bugmann@env.ethz.ch; Hirschi, Christian; Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Le, Quang Bao; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; CGIAR Program in Dryland Systems; q.le@cgiar.org; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; andreas.rigling@wsl.ch; Seidl, Roman; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch.
What are the factors that hinder or support publishing interdisciplinary research? What does a successful interdisciplinary publishing process look like? We address these questions by analyzing the publishing process of the interdisciplinary research project titled &amp;#8220;Mountland.&amp;#8221; Project researchers published most of their main results as a Special Feature of Ecology and Society. Using the story wall method and qualitative content analysis, we identified ten factors contributing to the success or failure of publishing interdisciplinary research. They can be assigned to four groups of resources: scientific resources, i.e., previous joint research, simultaneously written manuscripts; human resources, i.e., coordination, flexibility,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Hindering and supporting factors; Interdisciplinary publishing; Mountland.
Ano: 2015

Resilience, Panarchy, and World-Systems Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gotts, Nicholas M.; Macaulay Land Use Research Institute; n.gotts@macaulay.ac.uk.
The paper compares two ambitious conceptual structures. The first is the understanding of social-ecological systems developed around the term "resilience," and more recently the term "panarchy," in the work of Holling, Gunderson, and others. The second is Wallerstein's "world-systems" approach to analyzing hierarchical relationships between societies within global capitalism as developed and applied across a broader historical range by Chase-Dunn and others. The two structures have important common features, notably their multiscale explanatory framework, links with ideas concerning complex systems, and interest in cyclical phenomena. They also have important differences. It is argued that there are gaps in both sets of ideas that the other might remedy....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Cross-scale interaction; Panarchy; Population; Resilience; Technology; World-systems.
Ano: 2007

Pausing at the Brink of Interdisciplinarity: Power and Knowledge at the Meeting of Social and Biophysical Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: MacMynowski, Dena P; Stanford University; macmynowski@stanford.edu.
Interdisciplinary environmental research has been deemed essential to addressing the dynamics of coupled social-biophysical systems. Although decades of scholarship in science and technology studies (STS) take the analysis of interdisciplinarity out of the realm of anecdote, there is almost no overlap between this literature and discussions of interdisciplinarity in ecology-oriented journals. The goals of researchers in these areas are quite different, and thus far, their analyses of interdisciplinarity have been incommensurate with each other's purposes. To introduce an STS perspective into how environmental scientists think about interdisciplinarity, I argue that biophysical and social scientists are not just bringing information and different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinarity; Philosophy of science; Power; Power/knowledge; Social-biophysical systems; Research methods; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2007

Linking Ecosystem Health Indicators and Collaborative Management: a Systematic Framework to Evaluate Ecological and Social Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sisk, Thomas D.; Northern Arizona University; Thomas.Sisk@nau.edu.
Collaborative management has gained popularity across the United States as a means of addressing the sustainability of mixed-ownership landscapes and resolving persistent conflicts in public lands management. At the same time, it has generated skepticism because its ecological and social outcomes are seldom measured. Evaluating the success of collaborative efforts is difficult because frameworks to assess on-the-ground outcomes are poorly developed or altogether lacking. Ecosystem health indicators are valuable tools for evaluating site-specific outcomes of collaboration based on the effects of collaboration on ecological and socioeconomic conditions. We present the holistic ecosystem health indicator, a promising framework for evaluating the outcomes of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative management; Holistic ecosystem health indicator; Northern Arizona rangeland; Outcome evaluation; Participatory approach; Socio-ecological systems; Sustainability.
Ano: 2007

Emergent transformation games: exploring social innovation agency and activation through the case of the Belgian electricity blackout threat
Provedor de dados: 7
The persistence of current societal problems has given rise to a quest for transformative social innovations. As social innovation actors seek to become change makers, it has been suggested that they need to play into impactful macrodevelopments or &amp;#8220;game-changers&amp;#8221;. Here, we aim to deepen the understanding of the social innovation agency in these transformation games. We analyze assumptions about the game metaphor, invoking insights from actor-network theory. The very emergence of transformation games is identified as a crucial but easily overlooked issue. As explored through the recent electricity blackout threat in Belgium, some current transformation games are populated with largely passive players. This illustrative case demonstrates...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Actor network theory; Electricity grid; Enrolment; Game-changers; Social innovation; Transformation.
Ano: 2016

Public Participation in Scientific Research: a Framework for Deliberate Design
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shirk, Jennifer L.; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; jls223@cornell.edu; Ballard, Heidi L.; University of California Davis, School of Education; hballard@ucdavis.edu; Wilderman, Candie C.; Environmental Studies Department, Dickinson College; wilderma@dickinson.edu; Phillips, Tina; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; cbp6@cornell.edu; Wiggins, Andrea; DataONE, University of New Mexico; awiggins@syr.edu; Jordan, Rebecca; Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources; jordan@aesop.rutgers.edu; McCallie, Ellen; Carnegie Museum of Natural History; MccallieE@carnegiemnh.org; Minarchek, Matthew; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; mjm564@cornell.edu; Lewenstein, Bruce V; Department of Communication, Cornell University; bvl1@cornell.edu; Krasny, Marianne  E; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; mek2@cornell.edu; Bonney, Rick; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Department of Program Development and Evaluation; reb5@cornell.edu.
Members of the public participate in scientific research in many different contexts, stemming from traditions as varied as participatory action research and citizen science. Particularly in conservation and natural resource management contexts, where research often addresses complex social&amp;#8211;ecological questions, the emphasis on and nature of this participation can significantly affect both the way that projects are designed and the outcomes that projects achieve. We review and integrate recent work in these and other fields, which has converged such that we propose the term public participation in scientific research (PPSR) to discuss initiatives from diverse fields and traditions. We describe three predominant models of PPSR and call upon case...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Community-based monitoring; Conservation; Outcomes; Participation; Public; Volunteer monitoring.
Ano: 2012

The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kolpas&amp;#1089;hikov, Leonid; Extreme North Agricultural Research Institute; kolpak46@norcom.ru; Makhailov, Vladimir; St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation; mwwcari@gmail.com; Russell, Don E.; CARMA, Yukon College; drussell@yukoncollege.yk.ca.
The Taimyr wild reindeer herd, i.e., caribou (Rangifer tarandus), is one of the most important wildlife resources in the Russian Far North and may constitute the largest migratory Rangifer herd in the world. Over the last 60 years the herd has undergone a recovery from low numbers in the 1940s, reaching high densities by 1970 that concerned wildlife managers and domestic husbandry herds, with an 11.7% annual growth rate. At that time an aggressive commercial harvest of the herd was implemented, and organized wolf control was initiated with the goal of stabilizing herd numbers and injecting needed economic activity into the region. These actions dampened the rate of increase throughout the 1970s and 1980s to a 3.0% annual growth rate. From 1991, after the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Harvest; Rangifer; Reindeer; Russia; Taimyr.
Ano: 2015

From LTER to LTSER: Conceptualizing the Socioeconomic Dimension of Long-term Socioecological Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haberl, Helmut; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; Helmut.Haberl@uni-klu.ac.at; Winiwarter, Verena; Dept. of Cultural Analysis, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; verena.winiwarter@univie.ac.at; Andersson, Krister; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; kanderss@indiana.edu; Ayres, Robert U.; INSEAD, Fountainebleau and IIASA, Laxenburg; Robert.AYRES@insead.edu; Boone, Christopher; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Global Institute of Sustainability,; Christopher.G.Boone@asu.edu; Castillo, Alicia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexic; castillo@oikos.unam.mx; Cunfer, Geoff; Department of History, University of Saskatchewan; geoff.cunfer@usask.ca; Fischer-Kowalski, Marina; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; marina.fischer-kowalski@uni-klu.ac.at; Freudenburg, William R.; Environmental Studies Programme, University of California, Santa Barbara; freudenburg@es.ucsb.edu; Furman, Eeva; Finnish Environment Institute, SYKE; Eeva.Furman@ymparisto.fi; Krausmann, Fridolin; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Austria; fridolin.krausmann@uni-klu.ac.at; Mirtl, Michael; Federal Environment Agency Austria; michael.mirtl@umweltbundesamt.at; Redman, Charles L.; International Institute for Sustainability, Arizona State University; charles.redman@asu.edu; Reenberg, Anette; Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Wardell, Andrew; Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen; benjamin.warr@free.fr; Warr, Benjamin; INSEAD, Fountainebleau; benjamin.warr@free.fr; Zechmeister, Harald; Vienna Ecology Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna; harald.zechmeister@univie.ac.at.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Communication; Governance; Land use; Long-term ecological research (LTER); Long-term socioecological research (LTSER); Scale; Society-nature interaction; Socioecological metabolism; Socioecological systems.
Ano: 2006

Integrative learning for practicing adaptive resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McLoughlin, Craig A.; Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, Geography and Planning, University of New England, Australia; cmcloug4@myune.edu.au; Thoms, Martin C.; Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, Geography and Planning, University of New England, Australia;.
Adaptive resource management is a learning-by-doing approach to natural resource management. Its effective practice involves the activation, completion, and regeneration of the &amp;#8220;adaptive management cycle&amp;#8221; while working toward achieving a flexible set of collaboratively identified objectives. This iterative process requires application of single-, double-, and triple-loop learning, to strategically modify inputs, outputs, assumptions, and hypotheses linked to improving policies, management strategies, and actions, along with transforming governance. Obtaining an appropriate balance between these three modes of learning has been difficult to achieve in practice and building capacity in this area can be achieved through an emphasis on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive feedbacks  assessment  reflection; Adaptive management cycle; Objectives  targets  thresholds of potential concern; Reflexive  single-  double-  triple-loop learning.
Ano: 2015

The Role of Rangelands in Diversified Farming Systems: Innovations, Obstacles, and Opportunities in the USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sayre, Nathan F; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley; nsayre@berkeley.edu; Carlisle, Liz; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley;; Huntsinger, Lynn; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California-Berkeley; huntsinger@berkeley.edu; Fisher, Gareth; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California-Berkeley;; Shattuck, Annie; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Ecosystem services; Ranching; Rangelands.
Ano: 2012

A Typology of Benefit Sharing Arrangements for the Governance of Social-Ecological Systems in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nkhata, Bimo Abraham; Water Research Node, Monash South Africa; bimo.nkhata@monash.edu; Mosimane, Alfons; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; alfons.mosimane@gmail.com; Downsborough, Linda; Water Research Node, Monash South Africa; Linda.Downsborough@monash.edu; Breen, Charles; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; breenc@telkomsa.net; Roux, Dirk J; Water Research Node, Monash South Africa; dirk.roux@monash.edu.
This study explores and interprets relevant literature to construct a typology of benefit sharing arrangements for the governance of social-ecological systems in developing countries. The typology comprises three generic categories of benefit sharing arrangements: collaborative, market-oriented, and egalitarian. We contend that the three categories provide a useful basis for exploring and classifying the different societal arrangements required for governance of social-ecological systems. The typology we present is founded on a related set of explicit assumptions that can be used to explore and better understand the linkages among ecosystem services, benefit sharing, and governance. Issues that are strongly related to sustainability in developing countries...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Benefit sharing; Developing countries; Ecosystem services; Governance; Social-ecological systems; Typology.
Ano: 2012

Toward an Integrated History to Guide the Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Leeuw, Sander; Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu; Costanza, Robert; Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University; robert.costanza@pdx.edu; Aulenbach, Steve; NEON, Inc.; saulenbach@neoninc.org; Brewer, Simon; University of Utah; simon.brewer@geog.utah.edu; Burek, Michael; National Center for Atmospheric Research; mburek@ucar.edu; Cornell, Sarah; University of Bristol; sarah.cornell@bristol.ac.uk; Crumley, Carole; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Stockholm Resilience Centre; crumley@unc.edu; Dearing, John A; University of Southampton; j.dearing@soton.ac.uk; Downy, Catherine; University of Bristol; cat.downy@bristol.ac.uk; Graumlich, Lisa J.; University of Washington; envdean@uw.edu; Heckbert, Scott; Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University; scott.heckbert@gmail.com; Hegmon, Michelle; Arizona State University; Michelle.Hegmon@asu.edu; Hibbard, Kathy; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; kathy.hibbard@pnl.gov; Jackson, Stephen T.; University of Wyoming; jackson@uwyo.edu; Kubiszewski, Ida; Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University; ida.kub@gmail.com; Sinclair, Paul; Uppsala University; Paul.Sinclair@arkeologi.uu.se; Steffen, Will; Australian National University; will.steffen@anu.edu.au.
Many contemporary societal challenges manifest themselves in the domain of human&amp;#8211;environment interactions. There is a growing recognition that responses to these challenges formulated within current disciplinary boundaries, in isolation from their wider contexts, cannot adequately address them. Here, we outline the need for an integrated, transdisciplinary synthesis that allows for a holistic approach, and, above all, a much longer time perspective. We outline both the need for and the fundamental characteristics of what we call &amp;#8220;integrated history.&amp;#8221; This approach promises to yield new understandings of the relationship between the past, present, and possible futures of our integrated human&amp;#8211;environment system. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agency; Anthropocene; Backcasting; Causality; Contingency; Holistic approach; Integrated history; Long-term perspective; Resilience; Social and ecological systems.
Ano: 2011

Evolutionary History, Habitat Disturbance Regimes, and Anthropogenic Changes:  What Do These Mean for Resilience of Pacific Salmon Populations?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waples, Robin S.; NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center; robin.waples@noaa.gov; Beechie, Tim; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division; Tim.Beechie@noaa.gov; Pess, George R.; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division; George.Pess@noaa.gov.
Because resilience of a biological system is a product of its evolutionary history, the historical template that describes the relationships between species and their dynamic habitats is an important point of reference. Habitats used by Pacific salmon have been quite variable throughout their evolutionary history, and these habitats can be characterized by four key attributes of disturbance regimes: frequency, magnitude, duration, and predictability. Over the past two centuries, major anthropogenic changes to salmon ecosystems have dramatically altered disturbance regimes that the species experience. To the extent that these disturbance regimes assume characteristics outside the range of the historical template, resilience of salmon populations might be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Duration; Frequency; Historical template; Magnitude; Pacific Northwest; Oncorhynchus; Pacific salmon; Predictability.
Ano: 2009

An Operational Framework for Defining and Monitoring Forest Degradation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thompson, Ian D; Canadian Forest Service; ian.thompson@nrcan.gc.ca; Guariguata, Manuel R.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.GUARIGUATA@CGIAR.ORG; Okabe, Kimiko; FFPRI Tsukuba; kimikook@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; Bahamondez, Carlos; INFOR Valdivia; cbahamon@infor.cl; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); r.nasi@cgiar.org; Heymell, Victoria; FAO Rome; Victoria.Heymell@fao.org; Sabogal, Cesar; FAO Rome; cesar.sabogal@fao.org.
Forest degradation is broadly defined as a reduction in the capacity of a forest to produce ecosystem services such as carbon storage and wood products as a result of anthropogenic and environmental changes. The main causes of degradation include unsustainable logging, agriculture, invasive species, fire, fuelwood gathering, and livestock grazing. Forest degradation is widespread and has become an important consideration in global policy processes that deal with biodiversity, climate change, and forest management. There is, however, no generally recognized way to identify a degraded forest because perceptions of forest degradation vary depending on the cause, the particular goods or services of interest, and the temporal and spatial scales considered....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Carbon; Criteria and indicators; Forest degradation; Forest management; Remote sensing.
Ano: 2013

Environmental change: prospects for conservation and agriculture in a southwest Australia biodiversity hotspot
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pettit, Neil E.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; neil.pettit@uwa.edu.au; Naiman, Robert J.;  Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; University of Washington; naiman@uw.edu; Fry, Julia M.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; juliawrightfry@gmail.com; Roberts, J. Dale; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; dale.roberts@uwa.edu.au; Close, Paul G.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; paul.close@uwa.edu.au; Pusey, Bradley J.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; bpusey@westnet.com.au; Woodall, Geoff S.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; geoff.woodall@uwa.edu.au; MacGregor, Colin J.; College of Marine &amp; Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; colin.macgregor@jcu.edu.au; Speldewinde, Peter C.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; peter.speldewinde@uwa.edu.au; Stewart, Barbara; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; barbara.cook@uwa.edu.au; Dobbs, Rebecca J.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; rebecca.dobbs@uwa.edu.au; Paterson, Harriet L.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; harriet.paterson@uwa.edu.au; Cook, Peter; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; peter.cook@uwa.edu.au; Toussaint, Sandy; School of Social and Cultural Studies, The University of Western Australia;  Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; sandy.toussaint@uwa.edu.au; Comer, Sarah; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Sarah.Comer@DPaW.wa.gov.au; Davies, Peter M.; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, The University of Western Australia; peter.davies@uwa.edu.au.
Accelerating environmental change is perhaps the greatest challenge for natural resource management; successful strategies need to be effective for decades to come. Our objective is to identify opportunities that new environmental conditions may provide for conservation, restoration, and resource use in a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot in southwestern Australia. We describe a variety of changes to key taxonomic groups and system-scale characteristics as a consequence of environmental change (climate and land use), and outline strategies for conserving and restoring important ecological and agricultural characteristics. Opportunities for conservation and economic adaptation are substantial because of gradients in rainfall, temperature, and land...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agriculture and conservation; Biodiversity; Climate change; Land-use change; Southwest Australia.
Ano: 2015

Putting the "E" in SES: unpacking the ecology in the Ostrom social-ecological system framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vogt, Jessica M.; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Furman University; jessica.vogt@furman.edu; Epstein, Graham B.; School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University Bloomington; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; gepstein@indiana.edu; Mincey, Sarah K.; Integrated Program in the Environment, Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University Research and Teaching Preserve; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University Bloomington; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University Bloomington; skmincey@indiana.edu; Fischer, Burnell C.; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University Bloomington; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University Bloomington; bufische@indiana.edu; McCord, Paul; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University Bloomington; Department of Geography, Indiana University Bloomington; The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University Bloomington; pamccord@indiana.edu.
The Ostrom social-ecological system (SES) framework offers an interdisciplinary tool for studies of linked human-natural systems. However, its origin in the social sciences belies the effectiveness of its interdisciplinary ambitions and undermines its ability to cope with ecological complexity. To narrow the gap between inherently dynamic ecological systems and the SES framework, we need to explicitly recognize that SES outcomes are coproduced by social systems in which choices are made, as well as an ecological system with a diverse assortment of dynamic natural processes that mediate the effect of those choices. We illustrate the need for more explicit incorporation of ecological attributes into the SES framework by presenting a case study of a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecological theory; Forest ecology; Interdisciplinary science; Linked human-natural systems; Social-ecological system framework.
Ano: 2015

Ecological and Social Dimensions of Ecosystem Restoration in the Nordic Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Svavarsdottir, Kristin; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland ; kristin.svavarsdottir@land.is; Tolvanen, Anne K; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Oulu Unit; Thule Institute, University of Oulu; anne.tolvanen@metla.fi; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; krr@life.ku.dk; Arad&amp;#242;ttir, &amp;#192;sa L; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland ; asa@lbhi.is; Fosaa, Anna Maria; Faroese Museum of Natural History ; AnMarFos@ngs.fo; Halldorsson, Gudmundur; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland ; gudmundur.halldorsson@land.is.
An international overview of the extent and type of ecological restoration can offer new perspectives for understanding, planning, and implementation. The Nordic countries, with a great range of natural conditions but historically similar social and political structures, provide an opportunity to compare restoration approaches and efforts across borders. The aim of this study was to explore variation in ecological restoration using the Nordic countries as an example. We used recent national assessments and expert evaluations of ecological restoration. Restoration efforts differed among countries: forest and peatland restoration was most common in Finland, freshwater restoration was most common in Sweden, restoration of natural heathlands and grasslands was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Habitats; Land use pressure; Northern Europe; Regional scale; Restoration efforts.
Ano: 2013

The Politics of Social-ecological Resilience and Sustainable Socio-technical Transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Smith, Adrian; SPRU - Science &amp; Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex; a.g.smith@sussex.ac.uk; Stirling, Andy; SPRU - Science &amp; Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex; a.c.stirling@sussex.ac.uk.
Technology-focused literature on socio-technical transitions shares some of the complex systems sensibilities of social-ecological systems research. We contend that the sharing of lessons between these areas of study must attend particularly to the common governance challenges that confront both approaches. Here, we focus on critical experience arising from reactions to a transition management approach to governing sustainable socio-technical transformations. Questions over who governs, whose system framings count, and whose sustainability gets prioritized are all pertinent to social-ecological systems research. We conclude that future research in both areas should deal more centrally and explicitly with these inherently political dimensions of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Governance; Social-ecological resilience; Socio-technical transitions.
Ano: 2010

Catastrophic Thresholds: A Synthesis of Concepts, Perspectives, and Applications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Briske, David D.; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; dbriske@tamu.edu; Washington-Allen, Robert A.; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; washington-allen@tamu.edu; Johnson, Craig R.; School of Zoology, University of Tasmania; craig.johnson@utas.edu.au; Lockwood, Jeffrey A.; Department of Philosophy, University of Wyoming; lockwood@uwyo.edu; Lockwood, Dale R.; Biology Department, Colorado State University; dale.lockwood@colostate.edu; Stringham, Tamzen K.; Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada-Reno; tstringham@cabnr.unr.edu; Shugart, Herman H; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia; hhs@virginia.edu.
Research reported in this feature identifies a convergence of interpretations regarding the threshold dynamics of complex ecological systems. This convergence has arisen from a diverse set of investigations addressing rangeland ecosystem dynamics, disease transmission, and fluctuations in the populations of insect pests. Effective application of the threshold concept to ecosystem management will require development of more robust linkages between non-equilibrium theory and protocols to identify triggers that initiate threshold conditions, feedback loops that establish system resilience, and developmental trajectories and attributes of potential alternative stable states. Successful implementation of these theory/application linkages has the potential to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Complexity science; Ecological resilience; Non-equilibrium ecology; Self-organized systems; Systems theory.
Ano: 2010

Forest Landscape Restoration in the Drylands of Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Premoli, Andrea C; Laboratorio Ecotono, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.
Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) involves the ecological restoration of degraded forest landscapes, with the aim of benefiting both biodiversity and human well-being. We first identify four fundamental principles of FLR, based on previous definitions. We then critically evaluate the application of these principles in practice, based on the experience gained during an international, collaborative research project conducted in six dry forest landscapes of Latin America. Research highlighted the potential for FLR; tree species of high socioeconomic value were identified in all study areas, and strong dependence of local communities on forest resources was widely encountered, particularly for fuelwood. We demonstrated that FLR can be achieved through both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Dryland; Ecological restoration; Forest landscape; Latin America; Reforestation; Rehabilitation.
Ano: 2012

What Is the Vulnerability of a Food System to Global Environmental Change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ericksen, Polly J; ECI/GECAFS; polly.ericksen@eci.ox.ac.uk.
Assessing the vulnerability of broadly described food systems to global environmental change requires a new, synthetic approach.  Food systems can best be conceptualized as the integration of humans and the environment or coupled social-ecological systems.  However, much of the existing literature on vulnerability assessment focuses on either social or ecological systems, and conceptual gaps limit the holistic evaluation of linked systems in which both social and ecosystem outcomes are important.  I suggest an approach with which to integrate factors across a food system to assess the system&amp;#8217;s vulnerability to environmental change by focusing on key processes and system characteristics.  However, the multiple objectives of different actors in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Food security; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008

Stasis and change: social psychological insights into social-ecological resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hobman, Elizabeth V.; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of Queensland; Elizabeth.V.Hobman@csiro.au; Walker, Iain; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of Western Australia ; iain.a.walker@csiro.au.
Ecologists have used the concept of resilience since the 1970s. Resilience also features in many of the social and economic sciences, though in a less central role and with a variety of interpretations. Developing a fuller understanding of the concept of social-ecological resilience promises advances in how science can contribute to achieving better environmental outcomes, locally and globally. Such a development requires articulation of different perspectives on resilience and critical engagement across those perspectives. We present, in some detail, a particular perspective on resilience developed by the pioneering social psychologist Kurt Lewin. We suggest that Lewin&amp;#8217;s explicit use of social-ecological systems in his framework presaged much of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Action research; Kurt Lewin; Resilience; Social ecology.
Ano: 2015

Human Dimensions of Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kittinger, John N; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; Impact Assessment, Inc.; jkittinger@gmail.com; Finkbeiner, Elena M; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University; elenafinkbeiner@gmail.com; Glazier, Edward W.; Impact Assessment, Inc.; edward.glazier@gmail.com; Crowder, Larry B.; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University; Larry.Crowder@Stanford.edu.
Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet but are declining because of human activities. Despite general recognition of the human role in the plight of coral reefs, the vast majority of research focuses on the ecological rather than the human dimensions of reef ecosystems, limiting our understanding of social relationships with these environments as well as potential solutions for reef recovery. General frameworks for social-ecological systems (SESs) have been advanced, but system-specific approaches are needed to develop a more nuanced view of human-environmental interactions for specific contexts and resource systems, and at specific scales. We synthesize existing concepts related to SESs and present a human dimensions framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Human dimensions; Reciprocity; Social science; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2012

A Framework for Clarifying &amp;#8220;Participation&amp;#8221; in Participatory Research to Prevent its Rejection for the Wrong Reasons
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barreteau, Olivier; Cemagref UMR G-EAU; olivier.barreteau@cemagref.fr; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Daniell, Katherine A; Australian National University; katherine.daniell@gmail.com.
Participatory research relies on stakeholder inputs to obtain its acclaimed benefits of improved social relevance, validity, and actionability of research outcomes. We focus here on participatory research in the context of natural resource management. Participants&amp;#8217; acceptance of participatory research processes is key to their implementation. Our first assumption is that this positive view and acceptance of participation in research processes is a public good for the whole participatory research community. We also assume that the diversity of participatory forms of research is rarely considered by potential participants when they make their decisions about whether or not to participate in a proposed process. We specifically address how to avoid...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Framing; Information flow; Participatory research; Water management.
Ano: 2010

Vulnerability of Worldwide Pastoralism to Global Changes and Interdisciplinary Strategies for Sustainable Pastoralism
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dong, Shikui; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; dongshikui@sina.com; Wen, Lu; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; wenlu5210@126.com; Liu, Shiliang; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; shiliangliu@163.com; Zhang, Xiangfeng; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; xfzhang999@gmail.com; Lassoie, James P.; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; jpl4@cornell.edu; Yi, Shaoliang; NRM (Land and Water), Aga Khan Foundation (Afghanistan), Kabul, Afghanistan; syi@icimod.org; Li, Xiaoyan ; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; lxynmu.2008@163.com; Li, Jinpeng; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; lijp_cool@126.com; Li, Yuanyuan ; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; yuanyuanhaha1989@163.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation management; Global change; Pastoral systems; Resilience enhancement; Vulnerability mitigation.
Ano: 2011

Foghorns to the Future: Using Knowledge and Transdisciplinarity to Navigate Complex Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina N. R.; Rhodes University; gcundill@rides.cl; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University; c.fabricius@ru.ac.za; Marti, Neus; Autonomous University; neus@amauta.rcp.net.pe.
Complex systems are shaped by cross-scale interactions, nonlinear feedbacks, and uncertainty, among other factors. Transdisciplinary approaches that combine participatory and conventional methods and democratize knowledge to enable diverse inputs, including those from local, informal experts, are essential tools in understanding such systems. The metaphor of a &amp;#8220;bridge&amp;#8221; to overcome the divide between different disciplines and knowledge systems is often used to advocate for more inclusive approaches. However, there is a shortage of information and consensus on the process, methodologies, and techniques that are appropriate to achieve this. This paper compares two case studies from Peru and South Africa in which community-level assessments...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Ecological assessment; Community-based assessment; Complexity; Scale; Epistemology; Methodology; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Complex systems; Uncertainty; Peru; South Africa; Case studies; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2005

Effects of Roads on Animal Abundance: an Empirical Review and Synthesis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca; Rytwinski, Trina; Carleton University, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology; trytwins@connect.carleton.ca.
We attempted a complete review of the empirical literature on effects of roads and traffic on animal abundance and distribution. We found 79 studies, with results for 131 species and 30 species groups. Overall, the number of documented negative effects of roads on animal abundance outnumbered the number of positive effects by a factor of 5; 114 responses were negative, 22 were positive, and 56 showed no effect. Amphibians and reptiles tended to show negative effects. Birds showed mainly negative or no effects, with a few positive effects for some small birds and for vultures. Small mammals generally showed either positive effects or no effect, mid-sized mammals showed either negative effects or no effect, and large mammals showed predominantly negative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental impact; Landscape connectivity; Mortality; Population density; Road network; Road density; Road effect zone; Road mitigation; Species distribution; Species richness; Traffic density; Traffic volume.
Ano: 2009

Restoring Environmental Flows by Modifying Dam Operations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Richter, Brian D.; The Nature Conservancy; brichter@TNC.ORG; Thomas, Gregory A.; Natural Heritage Institute; gat@n-h-i.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Dams; Dam re-operation; Environmental flows; Flood control dams; Flow restoration; Hydrologic alteration; Hydropower dams; Irrigation dams.
Ano: 2007

Not All Roads Lead to Resilience: a Complex Systems Approach to the Comparative Analysis of Tortoises in Arid Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leuteritz, Thomas E. J.; Redlands Institute; thomas_leuteritz@redlands.edu; Ekbia, Hamid R.; Redlands Institute;.
The concept of resilience has been widely used in the study of social-ecological systems, with its key components identified as resistance, latitude, and precariousness. We use this concept to examine the differences among three semi-arid regions in terms of these three components. We do this by examining the status of tortoises that occur in the dry spiny forest Madagascar, the Karoo of South Africa, and the Mojave Desert of the United States as an indicator of the health and resilience of their respective ecosystems. Our findings demonstrate the tight coupling between societal development and ecosystem dynamics, the role of diversity in enhancing resilience, and the significance of local communal knowledge in sustaining it. Our findings also suggest that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collective variable; Control parameter; Latitude; Madagascar; Panarchy; Precariousness; Resistance; Social-ecological systems; South Africa; United States.
Ano: 2008

Anpernirrentye: a Framework for Enhanced Application of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walsh, Fiona J.; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; Fiona.Walsh@csiro.au; Dobson, Perrurle V.; senior Arrernte woman;; Douglas, Josie C.; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; josie.douglas@csiro.au.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal economy; Australia; Biodiversity; Bush foods; Cultural values; Desert; Indigenous knowledge system; Natural resource management; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system.
Ano: 2013