| Registro completo |
| Provedor de dados: |
Organic Eprints
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| País: |
Germany
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| Título: |
Variations in nitrogen utilisation on conventional and organic dairy farms in Norway
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| Autores: |
Koesling, Matthias
Hansen, Sissel
Bleken, Marina Azzaroli
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| Data: |
2017-06-04
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| Ano: |
2017
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| Palavras-chave: |
Dairy cattle
Pasture and forage crops
Buildings and machinery
Norway
Farm nutrient management
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| Resumo: |
Reduced N-surpluses in dairy farming is a strategy to reduce the environmental pollution from this production. This study was designed to analyse the important variables influencing nitrogen (N) surplus per hectare and per unit of N in produce for dairy farms and dairy systems across 10 certified organic and 10 conventional com- mercial dairy farms in Møre og Romsdal County, Norway, between 2010 and 2012. The N-surplus per hectare was calculated as N-input (net N-purchase and inputs from biological N-fixation, atmospheric deposition and free rangeland) minus N in produce (sold milk and meat gain), and the N-surplus per unit of N-produce as net N- input divided by N in produce. On average, the organic farms produced milk and meat with lower N-surplus per hectare (88 ± 25 kg N·ha−1) than did conventional farms (220 ± 56 kg N·ha−1). Also, the N-surplus per unit of N-produce was on average lower on organic than on conventional farms, 4.2 ± 1.2 kg N·kg N−1 and 6.3 ± 0.9 kg N·kg N−1, respectively. All farms included both fully-cultivated land and native grassland. N- surplus was found to be higher on the fully cultivated land than on native grassland. N-fertilizers (43%) and concentrates (30%) accounted for most of the N input on conventional farms. On organic farms, biological N- fixation and concentrates contributed to 32% and 36% of the N-input (43 ± 18 N·kg N−1 and 48 ± 11 N·kg N−1), respectively. An increase in N-input per hectare increased the amount of N-produce in milk and meat per hectare, but, on average for all farms, only 11% of the N-input was utilised as N-output; however, the N-surplus per unit of N in produce (delivered milk and meat gain) was not correlated to total N-input. This surplus was calculated for the dairy system, which also included the N-surplus on the off-farm area. Only 16% and 18% of this surplus on conventional and organic farms, respectively, was attributed to surplus derived from off-farm production of purchased feed and animals. Since the dairy farm area of conventional and organic farms comprised 52% and 60% of the dairy system area, respectively, it is crucial to relate production not only to dairy farm area but also to the dairy system area. On conventional dairy farms, the N-surplus per unit of N in produce decreased with increasing milk yield per cow. Organic farms tended to have lower N-surpluses than conventional farms with no correlation between the milk yield and the N-surplus. For both dairy farm and dairy system area, N-surpluses increased with increasing use of fertilizer N per hectare, biological N-fixation, imported concentrates and roughages and decreased with higher production per area. This highlights the importance of good agronomy that well utilize available nitrogen.
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| Tipo: |
Journal paper
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| Idioma: |
Inglês
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| Identificador: |
http://orgprints.org/31800/1/Koesling%20et%20al%202017%20Variations%20in%20nitrogen%20utilisation%20on%20conventional%20and%20organic%20dairy%20farms%20in%20Norway.pdf
Koesling, Matthias; Hansen, Sissel and Bleken, Marina Azzaroli (2017) Variations in nitrogen utilisation on conventional and organic dairy farms in Norway. Agricultural Systems, 157, pp. 11-21.
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| Relação: |
http://orgprints.org/31800/
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| Formato: |
application/pdf
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