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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik; Smith-Ramirez, Ricardo. |
| Conservation subsidies may be awarded for otherwise profitable projects, in which case they do not improve environmental quality. We show that transaction costs involved in such subsidy programs may induce farmers to reduce the size and scope of conservation projects. An empirical study shows that cost sharing in Maryland has resulted in simpler projects that provide no greater environmental protection. Water quality does not appear to be a goal of cost sharing; farm productivity and political considerations do. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22141 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik; Penn, Tony M.. |
| Policy discussions of agricultural pollution problems characterize prevention as more cost effective and precautionary than ex post treatment. We derive conditions under which treatment alone is more cost effective in situations involving multiple sources of emissions, multiple sites affected, and a commonly used precautionary approach to uncertainty. We also show that a greater degree of precaution can result in less reliance on prevention. An empirical case study indicates that treatment alone is the most cost effective means of dealing with nitrate in most Maryland community water system wells. The use of leaching prevention measures is restricted to the most intensive poultry producing areas. The incremental cost of precaution is substantial. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28584 |
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| Aggarwal, Rimjhim; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Many notable pollution problems occur in industries where production is carried out under vertical coordination arrangements that are characterized by conditions of double moral hazard. In contrast to situations characterized by full information, we show that standard prescriptions of environmental economics do not apply. Imposing a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of pollution does not lead to the first best level of pollution. The equilibrium levels of production and pollution are not independent of which agent is taxed. Making either agent or the industry as a whole financially liable for full environmental damage at the margin similarly does not lead to a first best level of pollution. On the contrary, under conditions of double moral... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28562 |
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| Alberini, Anna; Lichtenberg, Erik; Mancini, Dominic; Galinato, Gregmar I.. |
| We use FDA's seafood inspection records to examine: (i) how FDA has targeted its inspections under HACCP regulation; (ii) the effects of FDA inspections on compliance with both HACCP and plant sanitation standards; and (iii) the relationship between HACCP regulations and pre-existing sanitation standards. We use a theoretical model of enforcement to derive hypotheses about FDA's targeting of inspections and firms' patterns of compliance. We test those hypotheses using econometric models of inspection and compliance. Contrary to the predictions of the theoretical model and to FDA's own stated policies, FDA does not seem to have targeted inspections based on product risk or past compliance performance. Firms' compliance strategies seemed to be broadly in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28607 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but policies intended to preserve open space may extend the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. In accord with previous theoretical and empirical results, the estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. These results point to a conflict between preserving open space incorporated into private building lots or internal to sub-divisions and public... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Maryland Forest Conservation Act; Open space; Sprawl; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120451 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik; Lynch, Lori. |
| Pest-free status certification is desirable if the demand-side impacts (increased export revenue) and supply-side impacts (lower pest damage and decreased ongoing control costs) exceed the compliance monitoring and eradication costs. Thus, eradication may be optimal without certification. Certification is more likely for regions facing costly treatment requirements (bans) or possessing geographic traits that lower monitoring costs and infestation probabilities than for those exporting higher-valued products. Certification benefits producers but hurts consumers. Thus, political feasibility may be greater if domestic consumption is a small share of the market and if the additional tax burden of certification programs is light. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Invasive species; Pest-free area; Eradication; Sanitary/phytosanitary regulations; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10182 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| The existing empirical literature on farmers' use of soil-conserving, runoff-reducing farming practices, while sizable, contains relatively little information on the influence of cost on adoption decisions and on how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package. Such knowledge is important in light of current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals. This paper uses farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit costs of installing seven soil-conserving, runoff-reducing practices obtained from a state cost sharing program to estimate latent demand models for each of these seven practices. All seven exhibit downward sloping demand. Topographical variations... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28609 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but those policies may expand the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. The estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. The impacts of these regulations on sprawl are modest, however, increasing urbanized area by less than one percent in response to a one percent increase in any of these three forms of regulation. Thus, while there does seem to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; R52; R14. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37812 |
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| Lankoski, Jussi E.; Lichtenberg, Erik; Ollikainen, Markku. |
| Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381 |
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| Ding, Chengri; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| This paper investigates the economic incentives for urban spatial expansion in China by estimating the value of urban land using an econometric model applied to data from the 220 largest Chinese cities for the period 1996-2003. The results are consistent with the proposition that the rapid rate of urban spatial expansion resulted from a combination of fiscal pressure on local governments and governance reforms that gave local governments greater control over land and investment policies. The estimated parameters of the model indicate that urban land generates far more than income per unit area than agriculture in eastern and central China, suggesting that local governments can profit substantially from conversion of farmland to urban use. The value of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36748 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik; Zilberman, David. |
| A dynamic framework is presented for analyzing regulations affecting the use of spoilage-reducing inputs with potential negative environmental effects, such as pesticides, growth regulators, chemical preservatives, and irradiation. Such regulations change intertemporal consumption patterns as well as total output. Consumers may benefit from restrictions on storage technology, giving them a reason to support regulation even when it may not be warranted to correct environmental externalities. Static analyses do not take into account changes in intertemporal consumption, and thus may give misleading depictions of the effects of imposing new regulations. Implications of the framework for development and trade policy are discussed, as are extensions to... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31077 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik; Ding, Chengri. |
| We investigate conceptually and empirically the role of economic incentives in the primary land allocation in China in recent years. A theoretical analysis demonstrates how recent fiscal and governance reforms give rise to land conversion decisions and long run urban spatial sizes much like those generated by competitive land markets with private land ownership. An econometric investigation of Shanghai and the provinces surrounding it demonstrates the presence of rent gradients, often used as an indication of the presence of land markets. It thus appears that economic forces have continued to exercise dominant influence over primary land allocations in spite of recent administrative restrictions on land conversion. These rent gradients are strongest in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R5; R14; H11; O18. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6834 |
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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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