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| Registros recuperados: 69 | |
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| Tuan, Francis C.; Somwaru, Agapi; Diao, Xinshen. |
| Continued industrialization in China and increase in its agricultural productivity imply that surplus rural workers will to be attracted into non-agricultural production activities and, consequently, will have the opportunity to increase their off-farm income. Studying the structure of the rural labor force and its characteristics is important for evaluating its migration potential into non-agricultural sectors. This study examines the rural labor market in China exclusively based on China’s first national agricultural census. We analyzed the demographic characteristics of the rural labor force and their association with the type of employment, place of work, and labor migration. Furthermore, we investigated demographic distributions of rural labor force... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16284 |
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| Somwaru, Agapi; Tuan, Francis C.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Diao, Xinshen; Langley, Suchada V.. |
| This paper delves into China's differential growths in trade flows with high income countries by focusing on bilateral content of trade data over the time period 1962-2005. Unlike other studies, we account for end use of traded goods ranging from primary, intermediate, and finished goods because China's policies impact all segments China's trade flows. China's trade growth patterns with major high income countries clearly indicate that the adjacency-neighborhood partners alone is unlikely to explain its unprecedented growth in exports and imports. China's outstanding performance in trade growth can be traced back to the 1970s with changes in its policies and increased involvement in the international segmentation of production processes and preferential... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: China; International trade; Growth; Policies; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9907 |
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| Langley, Suchada V.; Blayney, Donald P.; Stout, Jim; Somwaru, Agapi; Normile, Mary Anne; Miller, James J.; Stillman, Richard. |
| International dairy industries remain among the most distorted agricultural sectors. Dairy average bound tariffs remain among the highest of all agricultural commodities, and dairy trade is characterized by a large number of megatariffs and tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). The objective of our study is to examine how the international dairy markets might respond to policy changes under various assumptions, using a partial equilibrium, multiple-commodity, multiple-region model of agricultural policy and trade. Our results indicate that liberalization will reduce supplies, increase dairy trade, and raise world prices. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Dairy Markets; Trade Liberalization; Model; Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21997 |
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| Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi; Diao, Xinshen. |
| The question whether production flexibility payments to farmers are likely to be minimally trade distorting is considered in an inter-temporal and economy wide context. Our contribution lies in showing the circumstances, over time, under which a minimally trade distorting result is likely to obtain. If agricultural capital markets are complete, we find that payments have long run effects on land values and land rental rates, but they have no effect on production. If capital markets are not complete, we find production effects, but they are small (0.2 percent) in the short run and disappear in the long-run. The only permanent effects are on land rental rates and land values that increase by about 10 percent in the short run tapering off to slightly above 8... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16308 |
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| Diao, Xinshen; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| A multi-region, multi-sector global intertemporal general equilibrium model is constructed to analyze dynamic adjustments following the establishment of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). The study focuses on regional trade integration effects as well as third party spillover effects. By taking into account both transitional and steady state adjustments in consumption, production, and investments, we observe significant shifts of trade diversion away from the non-member trading partners to the member countries. We also find that, following the MERCOSUR's common external tariffication, growth of intra trade would likely be accompanied by increases in trade between Mercosur and other countries. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13977 |
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| Colby, Hunter; Diao, Xinshen; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| We investigate sources of output growth and supply response in rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans, the four most important crops in China's grain sector, during 1978-97. Using a growth accounting methodology, we found large total factor productivity (TFP) contributions to growth in grain production immediately following China's rural economic reform (1978-85). In 1995-97, the TFP contribution dropped to only 16 percent of growth in grain production, as greater use of inputs increasingly drove growth. In the supply response analysis, the results of the econometrically estimated restricted profit function confirm a joint and nonseparable multiproduct technology for China's grain sector. Complementarity prevails in the grain sector among different outputs and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: China agriculture; Growth accounting; Total factor productivity (TFP); Multi-product supply response; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33565 |
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| Colby, Hunter; Diao, Xinshen; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| A growth accounting method is used to analyze the sources of growth in China's rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, the four most important crops in China's grain sector, during 1978-97. A large TFP contribution to growth in grain production is found in the period immediately following China's rural economic reform (1978-85). In recent years the growth rate of TFP falls sharply, contributing less than 20 percent of growth in grain production, as increased use of inputs became the major engine of growth. If the current government policy environment remains unchanged, China's grain production will become increasingly costly and constrain future growth and competitiveness in world grain markets. The supply response of the four grains is estimated using a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Supply response; Economic growth; Productivity; China; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q11; O4; O47. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12985 |
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| Somwaru, Agapi; Skully, David W.. |
| This study examines the potential magnitude and distribution of the costs and benefits of allowing developing countries to establish Special Safeguards (SSGs) for staple agricultural commodities. An inter-temporal general equilibrium model used to simulate the static and dynamic effects of SSGs. Our results indicate that developing countries in aggregate lose welfare when SSGs are imposed for staple food and for all agricultural commodities as opposed to agricultural trade liberalization without SSGs. However, the distribution of gains and losses among developing countries is not uniform. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19533 |
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| Roe, Terry L.; Shane, Mathew; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| The share of resources allocated to food marketed through supermarkets and their marketing channels has grown at an unprecedented rate in lower income countries during the 1990s. The implication is that the evolution of supermarkets cannot be viewed in isolation of the broader economic general equilibrium forces giving rise to a middle class, nor can this process be viewed in a static context. Our dynamic model captures, in an obviously aggregative way, the marketing channels that require resources to: assemble inputs for farmers, produce raw agricultural output, assemble, process and add value to, and market the final products to retail establishments in the long run. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19112 |
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| Trueblood, Michael A.; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| This study attempts to answer two key questions: what will be the likely impact of the EU's Everything But Arms (EBA) proposal, and, what would be the impact if the United States also were to implement a similar proposal? Using the GTAP model, the preliminary results in this paper show if only the EU's EBA proposal were implemented, then welfare in the least developed countries (LDCs) would increase by $2.5 billion (0.53 percent of their GDP), exports would grow by 3 percent, and GDP would grow by 2.3 percent. If the United States and the EU both implemented similar programs, then LDC welfare would increase by $3.1 billion (0.66 percent of GDP), exports would increase by 3.7 percent and total GDP growth by 2.9 percent. Another version of this scenario... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19642 |
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| Somwaru, Agapi; Zhang, Xiaohui; Tuan, Francis C.. |
| Over the last 20 years, China's demand for and supply of livestock products has increased dramatically. Although, China's livestock production has changed, with the share of pork production declining, pork production remains the core of the country's livestock industry. China's hog industry is adjusting to capture the benefits of specialization. This paper attempts to capture structural changes in China's hog production, its evolving trends, and economic efficiency. We estimate parametrically the overall efficiency and scale elasticity of 2500 surveyed hog farms in China. Our analysis indicates that the large commercialized farms are the most efficient but the middle size specialized farms with increasing returns to scale production technology are the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22003 |
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| Ahearn, Mary Clare; Collender, Robert N.; Diao, Xinshen; Harrington, David H.; Hoppe, Robert A.; Korb, Penelope J.; Makki, Shiva S.; Morehart, Mitchell J.; Roberts, Michael J.; Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi; Vandeveer, Monte; Westcott, Paul C.; Young, C. Edwin. |
| The studies in this report analyze the effects of decoupled payments in the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act on recipient households, and assess land, labor, risk management, and capital market conditions that can lead to links between decoupled payments and production choices. Each study contributes a different perspective to understanding the response of U.S. farm households and production to decoupled income transfers. Some use new microdata on farm households collected through USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), initiated in 1996, and its predecessor survey. These data are used to compare household and producer behavior and outcomes before and after the FAIR Act. Other studies use applied or conceptual models to... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33981 |
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| Registros recuperados: 69 | |
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