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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Fan, Shenggen. |
| This paper aims to quantify the driving forces behind the observed divergence of Indian economy. The results show that in a closed economy with agriculture as the predominant mode of production, the comparative advantage is mainly determined by the difference in land quality and climate across regions within a country. However, when the economy opens its door to the rest of the world, a region's comparative advantage is evaluated in a broader global context. Therefore, regions adjacent to more developed economies, or with better infrastructure such as ports and airports, enjoy a far better location advantage for trade and development than landlocked regions. More investment in physical infrastructure such as roads will bring the interior regions... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19902 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Linxiu; Huang, Jikun. |
| In developing countries, identifying the most effective community-level governance structure is a key issue and, increasingly, empirical evaluation of the effects of democratization on the provision of local public goods is needed. Since the early 1990s, tens of thousands of villages in rural China have held local-government elections, providing a good opportunity to investigate the effect of democratization on the level of public goods provision. Using a recent village survey conducted over a significant period of time, this paper compares governance by elected officials with that of appointed cadres and finds that elected officials tend to tax constituents less and provide them with higher levels of public services. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Governance; Democracy; Public goods provision; China; Public Economics; D73; H41; P35. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16120 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Johnson, Michael; Resnick, Danielle; Robinson, Sherman. |
| A key motivation behind this study is to explore the many patterns of interactions between economic and non-economic factors in sub-Saharan Africa (hereafter referred to as Africa) in order to map out a typology of different types of country situations and thus, corresponding future options to develop strategies to end hunger and poverty in the region. The study builds on the earlier work of Irma Adelman and Cynthia Morris who argued that economic development is a dynamic, multi-faceted, nonlinear, and malleable process, a process explained by the many complex interactions between social, economic, political and institutional changes. As in Adelman and Morris, we use factor analysis to reduce a large number of variables into a manageable set of key... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60175 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Xing, Li; Fan, Shenggen; Luo, Xiaopeng. |
| Over the past several decades, China has made tremendous progress in market integration and infrastructure development. Demand for natural resources has increased from the booming coastal economies, causing the terms of trade to favor the resource sector, which is predominantly based in the interior regions of the country. However, the gap in economic development level between the coastal and inland regions has widened significantly. In this paper, using a panel data set at the provincial level, we show that Chinese provinces with abundant resources perform worse than their resource-poor counterparts in terms of per capita consumption growth. This trend that resource-poor areas are better off than resource-rich areas is particularly prominent in rural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: China; Regional inequality; Resource curse; Dutch disease; Property rights; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42400 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Since the early 1990s, Uganda has been one of Africas fastest growing countries. However, at the sub-national level, growth has been uneven due to civil conflict in the northern region. Using a panel of household and community level data, this paper examines the links between security and economic growth. It is found that security is a pre-condition for successful economic development and that there is in fact a threshold level of security below which public investments in infrastructure and education have little impact on growth. Only when security exceeds this threshold do public investments stimulate economic growth. Economists and policy advisors living in peaceful countries often prescribe economic policies that hinge on the assumption of good... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Security; Civil Strife; Growth; Poverty; Uganda; Africa; International Development; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16172 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Since the early 1990s, Uganda has been one of Africa's fastest growing countries. However, at the sub-national level, growth has been uneven due to civil conflict in the northern region. Using a panel of household and community level data, this paper examines the links between security and economic growth. It is found that security is a pre-condition for successful economic development and that there is in fact a threshold level of security below which public investments in infrastructure and education have little impact on growth. Only when security exceeds this threshold do public investments stimulate economic growth. Economists and policy advisors living in peaceful countries often prescribe economic policies that hinge on the assumption of good... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20384 |
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| Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Linxiu; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Public investment, together with institutional and policy reforms, has contributed substantially to rapid economic growth in rural China since the late 1970s. This rapid growth has also led to dramatic reductions in rural poverty. In this study we use a simultaneous equations model and time-series (1978-97), cross-sectional (25 provinces) data to analyze the differential impact of different types of public investments on growth and poverty reduction in rural China. The results show that government expenditures on education have by far the largest impact on poverty reduction, and the second largest impact on production growth; it is a dominant “win-win” strategy. Government spending on agricultural research and extension has the largest impact on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16115 |
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| Diao, Xinshen; Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| This study constructs a regional CGE model of China to analyze the differential regional impacts of China’s WTO accession on agricultural production, trade, and farmers’ income. The results show that China’s WTO accession will generally improve the total welfare but will widen existing gaps among regions and sectors. It is expected that the agricultural sector will suffer if only agricultural trade is liberalized, as cheap imports of agricultural products, particularly grains, will increase and domestic agricultural production and farmers’ agricultural income will decline. Full trade liberalization, i.e., lifting trade barriers in both agriculture and non-agriculture will benefit farmers and agriculture at the national level. However, the increase in rural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16290 |
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| Huang, Zuhui; Zhang, Xiaobo; Zhu, Yunwei. |
| Wenzhou used to be one of the poorest regions in eastern China. With limited arable land, poor road access to major cities, and little support from the upper level governments, this region seemed to lack all the conditions necessary for economic growth. However, over the past several decades Wenzhou has developed the most dynamic private sector in China, and has accordingly achieved one of the fastest growth rates. In particular, the footwear industry in Wenzhou has grown from a negligible market share to the largest in China. Here, we report a survey of 140 Wenzhou-based footwear enterprises of various scales, and use this information to examine the driving forces behind the dramatic rural industrial growth seen in this region. Our results show that... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Cluster; Industrialization; Finance; Economic development; Nonfarm economy.; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42408 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| This paper highlights the difference between secure investor property rights and loosely defined individual property rights. Globalization and fiscal decentralization have intensified this difference. On the one hand, in the presence of mobile foreign direct investments and under the arrangement of fiscal decentralization, local governments compete vigorously to offer various protections on the property rights of investors; on the other hand, local governments and developers attempt to acquire land at as low price as possible by taking advantage of the loopholes inherent in the Chinese law. Secure investor property rights together with weak protections on individuals’ land property rights is argued to be one of the major drivers of China’s rapid economic... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Investments; Economic growth; China; Individual land property; Fiscal policies; Decentralization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55406 |
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| Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Xiaobo; Robinson, Sherman. |
| This study develops an analytical framework to account for sources of rapid economic growth in China. The traditional Solow approach includes only two sources, i.e. increased use of inputs and technical change. We expanded the approach to include a third source of economic growth—structural change. The empirical results show that structural change has contributed to growth significantly by reallocating resources from low productivity to high productivity sectors, especially by moving labor from agricultural production to rural enterprises. We also found that the returns to capital investment in both agricultural production and rural enterprises are much higher than those in urban sectors, indicating underinvestment in rural areas. On the other hand, labor... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42829 |
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| Ruan, Jianqing; Wei, Longbao; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Understanding how small enterprises overcome capital barriers is the key to understanding China's rapid development. The literature traditionally emphasizes the development of financial market to raise small amount of loan. By studying the division of labor in the cashmere sweater cluster in Puyuan and the cash flow in the course of daily operation, this paper, argues instead that industry clusters lower capital entry access through the division of labor; various entities in the cluster obtain the capital required for daily operation by taking advantage of individual social capital and endogenous capital in the cluster. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25280 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Tan, Kong-Yam. |
| A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183 |
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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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