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Simplified Marginal Effects in Discrete Choice Models AgEcon
Anderson, Soren T.; Newell, Richard G..
We show that after a simple normalization of explanatory variables so that they equal zero at some desired reference point, marginal effects for continuous variables in probit and logit models simplify dramatically, becoming a function of only the estimated constant term. We present similar simplifications for computation of the asymptotic variance of marginal effects, as well as for the effects of dummy variables on predicted probabilities. We provide a simple table, which in combination with raw probit or logit estimates, is all one needs to compute the desired effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Logit; Probit; Discrete choice; Binary choice; Marginal effect; Data normalization; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C25; C51; C81.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10631
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Factors Influencing Job Choice among Agricultural Economics Professionals AgEcon
McGraw, Katherine; Popp, Jennie S. Hughes; Dixon, Bruce L.; Newton, Doris J..
This article identifies factors that influence agricultural economics professionals’ job choice between academic and government employment. Respondents agreed that job responsibilities were the most important factor in choosing their current position. They also agreed that having a positive work environment, good salary, family time, adequate resources, and professional and social interaction were important job attributes. Proportionally more women than men regarded partner opportunities, nondiscrimination, time for child care, and supportive colleagues as very important attributes influencing their decisions. A binomial probit of respondents’ current job sector indicates significant job choice determinants include sector preference (academic or...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Academic and government agricultural economics professionals; Binomial probit; Job choice; Job preferences; Gender; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; C25; J24; J43; J45.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123779
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THE INFLUENCE OF ATTRIBUTE CUTOFFS ON CONSUMERS’ CHOICES OF A FUNCTIONAL FOOD AgEcon
Ding, Yulian; Veeman, Michele M.; Adamowicz, Wiktor L..
This study investigates evidence of non-compensatory preferences by incorporating attribute cutoffs into the modeling of consumer choices in the context of food with health-related attributes (omega-3 content) that may be associated with fortification or may result from genetic modification (GM). Data for this study were collected through a nation-wide internet-based survey drawn from a representative panel of Canadian households maintained by a major North American marketing firm. In addition to querying respondents on their perceptions and attitudes regarding food and health, choices of canola oils are elicited using a stated choice experiment in which product alternatives are identified based on attributes of price, country of origin, omega-3 content...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Decision strategy; Attribute cutoff; Functional food; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C25; C93; D1.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116423
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Consumer Acceptance of GM Applications in the Pork Production Chain: A Choice Modelling Approach AgEcon
Novoselova, Tatiana A.; van der Lans, Ivo A.C.M.; Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.; Huirne, Ruud B.M..
This study evaluates consumer acceptance of different GM applications in the pork production chain. In general, results indicate that consumers prefer conventional pork over pork for which genetic modification was applied. However, the negative impact of the GM applications is compensated by improvements in quality, increased animal welfare, a lower impact on the environment, less residues and a price discount. Of these benefits, increased animal welfare has the most positive effect on consumer choices. With substantial monetary compensation and presence of various benefits the consumers will attach higher utility to the GM pork than to the conventional pork. The amount of monetary compensation is dependent on the type of GM application.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Consumer acceptance; Genetic modification; Choice modelling; Consumer/Household Economics; C25; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24527
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An Information-Theoretic Approach to Modeling Binary Choices: Estimating Willingness to Pay for Recreation Site Attributes AgEcon
Henry-Osorio, Miguel; Mittelhammer, Ronald C..
Information-Theoretic Econometrics
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Minimum power divergence; Cressie-Read statistics; Contingent valuation; Empirical likelihood; Discrete choice; Binary response models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C14; C25; Q51.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123432
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Factors Affecting Perceived Improvements in Environmental Quality from Precision Farming AgEcon
Larkin, Sherry L.; Perruso, Larry; Marra, Michele C.; Roberts, Roland K.; English, Burton C.; Larson, James A.; Cochran, Rebecca L.; Martin, Steven W..
This study identified the factors that influenced whether farmers in the Southeastern United States perceived an improvement in environmental quality from adopting precision farming technologies (PFTs). Farmers with larger farms or higher yields were more likely to believe that they observed positive externalities associated with PFTs. Farmers who found PFTs profitable or who believed input reduction was important had higher probabilities whereas those with higher incomes or who were more dependent on farm income were less likely to perceive such benefits. Interestingly, the importance of environmental quality and length of time using PFTs were not found to affect the probability of perceiving an improvement in environmental quality.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Site-specific farming; Variable rate application; C25; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42787
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Do Interest Groups Compete? AgEcon
Ando, Amy Whritenour.
This paper conducts a test of the hypothesis that interest groups compete strategically for influence with a policy-making agency. It adapts econometric methodology from the empirical industrial organization literature that was designed to work with discrete game-theoretic models, and uses data on whether or not supporting and opposing interest groups submitted comments to the Fish and Wildlife Service about each of 173 proposals to add new species to the endangered species list. The results imply that groups do respond to variations in the expected costs and benefits of a listing when deciding whether to pressure the agency. There is no support, however, for the hypothesis that the levels of pressure exerted by the groups emerge from the Nash equilibrium...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Interest groups; Strategic competition; Empirical game theory; Endangered species; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C25; C72; D72; Q28.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10732
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Land Use Change: A Spatial Multinomial Choice Analysis AgEcon
Carrion-Flores, Carmen E.; Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso; Guci, Ledia.
Urban decentralization and dispersion trends have led to increased conversion of rural lands in many urban peripheries and exurban regions of the U.S. The growth of the exurban areas has outpaced growth in urban and suburban areas, resulting in growth pressures at the urban-rural fringe. A thorough analysis of land use change patterns and the ability to predict these changes are necessary for the effective design of regional environmental, growth, and development policies. We estimate a multinomial discrete choice model with spatial dependence using parcel-level data from Medina County, Ohio. Accounting for spatial dependence should result in improved statistical inference about land use changes. Our spatial model extends the binary choice “linearized...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land Use Change; Multinomial Logit; Spatial Dependence; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R14; C21; C25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49403
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Effects of Socio-Institutional and Emotional Factors of Japanese Farmland Rental Transactions AgEcon
Kunimitsu, Yoji.
Farmland reallocation between farmers through rental transactions is critical for improving Japanese rice productivity. This study examined effects of socio-institutional and emotional factors as well as economic factors on rental transactions. A stochastic choice model was applied to contingent valuation data by considering regional heteroscedasticity. Empirical results showed (1) existence of economic inefficiencies, 3% loss of economic surplus due to socio-institutional restriction, which is probably reflected in transaction costs; (2) a 15% reduction in surplus due to emotional reluctance of farmers; and (3) strong influences of rice price, wages, and geographical location on the rental rate and agreement level.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation questionnaire; Economic inefficiency; Regional heteroscedasticity; Rental agreement level; Rental rate; Stochastic choice model; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; C25; D44; Q12; Q15; Q38; R58.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43747
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Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean AgEcon
Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado, Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731
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An Analysis of Demand Elasticities for Fluid Milk Products in the U.S. AgEcon
Davis, Christopher G.; Blayney, Donald P.; Cooper, Joseph C.; Yen, Steven T..
This study examines retail fluid milk products purchase data from Nielsen 2005 home scan data. The demand for seven categories of fluid milk products were estimated: whole milk, whole flavored milk, reduced fat milk, flavored reduced fat milk, buttermilk, canned milk and all other fluid milk products. Analyses of the purchases of seven fluid milk categories based on the Nielsen 2005 home scan retail data are used to determine the roles marital status, age, race, education, female employment status and location play in the empirical estimations of aggregate demand elasticities. To derive the demand elasticities, a censored translog demand system is used. The results reveal that price and income are the main determinants of demand for fluid milk products...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nielsen home scan retail data; Milk demand; Elasticities; Fluid milk; Reduced fat milk; Whole milk; Flavored milk; Canned milk; Buttermilk; Non-linear AIDS; Censored translog demand system; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; C25; D12; Q11.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51791
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Consumer's WTP for Environment-Friendly Production Methods and Collective Reputation for Place of Origin: The Case of Val di Gresta's Carrots AgEcon
Scarpa, Riccardo; Thiene, Mara; Marangon, Francesco.
This paper investigates preferences for various environment-friendly production system for carrots using discretechoice multi-attribute stated-preference data amongst buyers and explore the effect of collective reputations from growers of an Alpine valley known to be completely dedicated to organic production. Results show that buyers distinctly recognize only organic production as a production system different from the conventional one, and there is some evidence of recognition of collective reputation. As well as for marginal utility of income, substantial unobserved heterogeneity is found for many skin imperfections, origin from the organic Alpine valley and the organic production methods. The implied sample distributions of WTP for each of these random...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Mixed logit; Organic products; Marginal utility of income; Unobserved taste heterogeneity; Status-quo bias; Heteroskedasticity; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C15; C25; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25637
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Diversification of the marketing chains among organic producers AgEcon
Corsi, Alessandro; Borsotto, Patrizia; Borri, Ilaria; Strom, Steinar.
Diversification of consumers’ demand and environmental concerns are at the origin of a trend towards short marketing chains and towards direct links between consumers and farmers in developed countries. This paper explores farmers’ motivations for choosing these types of marketing chains and/or the “traditional” ones. To this purpose, a theoretical model of marketing chain choice is developed, and a multivariate probit model of organic farmers’ choice of the marketing chain is estimated from a unique data set of organic farms in an Italian region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Marketing chain; Short chain; Organic farms; Multivariate probit; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Q12; D21; C25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51422
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Residential Land Values in Urbanizing Areas AgEcon
Kaltsas, Ioannis K.; Bosch, Darrell J.; McGuirk, Anya M..
Zoning decisions related to residential lot size and density affect residential land value. Effects of size on residential parcel value in Roanoke County, VA, are estimated with fixed effects hedonic models. Parcel size; elevation; soil permeability; proximity to urban areas, malls, and roads; and location influence parcel value, but the effects vary by value of construction and development status. Parcel value per square meter declines with increasing parcel size. The estimated relationships could be used to evaluate zoning decisions in terms of land values and tax revenues if model estimation uncertainties and responses by developers to zoning strategies are considered.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Development; Fixed effects; Hedonic model; Property values; Residential density; Spatial econometrics; Agribusiness; Land Economics/Use; Q24; C25; C52.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47204
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Testing for a Supply Constraint to Fertility: Interpreting the Up to God Response to the Survey Question on Desired Family Size AgEcon
Sinha, Nistha.
The paper outlines a methodology that allows us to determine whether couples’ fertility is supply constrained based on the response they give to the subjective desired family size question. The central idea of the paper is that, when faced with the desired family size question, both constrained and unconstrained couples compare their demand for children with knowledge of their biological supply and unconstrained couples respond with a number while constrained couples respond with a qualitative response such as, “It is Up to God” (UTG), that essentially conveys the notion of demanding as many children as the supply function can yield. I then test this interpretation using data from Bangladesh. I find that controlling for demand side characteristics,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Fertility; Desired fertility; Survey nonresponse; Consumer/Household Economics; J13; C25.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28461
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CONSUMER INTENTIONS OF BUYING POULTRY MEAT UNDER PERCEIVED BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL OR TECHNOLOGICAL RISK IN FINLAND AgEcon
Heikkila, Jaakko; Pouta, Eija; Forsman-Hugg, Sari; Makela, Johanna.
The study focuses on various types of food safety risks: biological (zoonoses), chemical (chemical treatment of the meat) and technological (use of genetically modified feed). The emphasis was on how the perceived risks affect the purchase intentions in the case of broiler meat. In the case of each risk products the attitude-level variables had importance in explaining the buying intentions. The heterogeneity of the respondents regarding the purchase intentions of risk products was analysed by latent class logistic regression that included all three risk products. About 60% of the respondents belonged to the group of risk avoiders in which the purchase intention of risk food was significantly lower than in the second group of risk neutrals in which 64% of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Broiler; Consumer behaviour; Risk; Food safety; Consumer heterogeneity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C25; D12; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116403
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Market outlet choices in the context of changing demand for fresh meat: implications for smallholder inclusion in pork supply chain in Vietnam AgEcon
Lapar, Ma. Lucila A.; Toan, Nguyen Ngoc; Que, Nguyen Ngoc; Jabbar, Mohammad A.; Tisdell, Clement A.; Staal, Steven J..
This paper reports on the findings of a study to investigate market outlet choice decision-making of urban consumers in Vietnam with regards to fresh pork purchases and generate empirical evidence on factors that influence these choices. Data from a survey of 600 consumers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City was used to estimate a multinomial logit model of market outlet choice based on three alternatives: traditional temporary market outlets, permanent open markets, and modern retail outlets. Results suggest that market outlet choice by consumers of fresh pork in urban cities of Vietnam is conditioned by factors related to mobility and level of affluence, time budgets, concerns about food safety and hygiene, proximity to market outlets, and geographical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Market outlet choice; Pork supply chain; Smallholders; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D01; C25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51437
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Do Environmental Services Buyers Prefer Differentiated Rates? A Case Study from the Colombian Andes AgEcon
Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado, Jorge Higinio; Wunder, Sven; Borda, Carlos Andres.
Flat user fees in payment for environmental services (PES) schemes promote administrative ease, and are sometimes perceived as egalitarian. However, when environmental service (ES) buyers are heterogeneous in their income and water consumption levels, this may not be optimal, as total payments become too low and services are under-supplied. This paper identifies ES buyer preferences and estimates their willingness to pay (WTP) differentiated fees in an ongoing PES initiative in an Andean watershed in Colombia. Small, flat user payments have recently been introduced to implement incipient watershed protection upstream. Environmental service users fall into two highly heterogeneous categories: smallholder peasants and owners of recreational houses. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: PES; WTP; Environmental services; Colombia; Watershed protection; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56; Q25; Q5; Q51; C25; D10; D12; D61; D63.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91171
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Las preferencias discontinuas en los experimentos de elección: impacto en el cálculo de la prima de los programas agroambientales AgEcon
Espinosa-Goded, Maria; Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús.
En los experimentos de elección se presupone que los individuos consideran todos los atributos que describen un bien a la hora de escoger su opción preferida. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de que los individuos pueden obviar algún atributo. Este trabajo investiga el impacto derivado de las preferencias discontinuas en las estimaciones de la compensación necesaria para acogerse a la medida agroambiental relativa a la siembra de leguminosas en secano. La consideración de las preferencias discontinuas mejora la bondad de ajuste de los modelos, sin embargo únicamente afecta de manera significativa a la compensación demandada por uno de los cuatro atributos no monetarios que definen el programa agroambiental para la submuestra de los agricultores no...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Experimento de elección; Medidas agroambientales; Modelo logístico de parámetros aleatorios; Precios implícitos; Preferencias discontinuas.; Agribusiness; C25; C52; Q12; Q18..
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99607
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Use of Spike Models in Measuring Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Non-GM Oil AgEcon
Hu, Wuyang.
In this paper, Chinese consumers' preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for non-genetically modified (GM) vegetable oil were elicited by a payment card approach. In addition to the conventional model, spike models, which were originally developed to evaluate public goods, were adopted in this paper. These spike models recognize the possibility of zero WTP and provide opportunities to analyze two correlated decision stages: whether to pay a premium for non-GM oil and how much the premium is. Results show that consumers behaved consistently in the two decision stages and there is a premium associated with non-GM oil.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Chinese consumers; Non-genetically modified oil; Spike models; Willingness to pay; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; D12; C25.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43786
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