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Última MUDANÇA INSTITUCIONAL E O IMPACTO NO PADRÃO TECNOLÓGICO: O CASO DA MECANIZAÇÃO DA COLHEITA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO PARANÁ AgEcon Junqueira, Clarissa Pereira; Sterchile, Shirla Patricia Weber; Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis. Due to changes in the institutional environment, mainly the Law 11.241/2002 (SP), which limits the burning of sugarcane and favors the mechanization of its harvest, there is a new technological pattern in the Brazilian production of sugar and alcohol. The objective of this article is to analyze the reasons behind the adoption of the mechanized harvest in the sugar and alcohol sector of Paraná state through field research (interviews and questionnaires applied during the second semester of 2007). The results show that the mechanization of the sugar cane harvest in Paraná was due to market pressures, allied to other factors: scarce labor in the state, environmental and market pressures, change of the technological standards and costs imputed by São Paulo... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Institutional environment; Mechanized harvest; Saccharu officinarum L.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization; Q12; Q16. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62149 Measuring Agricultural Innovation System Properties and Performance: Illustrations from Ethiopia and Vietnam AgEcon Spielman, David J.; Kelemework, Dawit. Agriculture; developing countries; innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing countries; Innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50791 How Inefficient Really Are the Small-Scale Rice Farmers in Eastern India?: Examining the Effects of Microtopography on the Estimation of Technical Efficiency AgEcon Fuwa, Nobuhiko; Edmonds, Christopher M.; Banik, Pabitra. We focus on the impact of failing to control for differences in land types defined along toposequence on estimates of farm technical efficiency for small-scale rice farms in eastern India. In contrast with the existing literature, we find that those farms may be considerably more technically efficient than they appear from more aggregated analysis without such control. Farms planted with modern rice varieties are technically efficient. Furthermore, farms planted with traditional rice varieties operate close to the production frontier on less productive lands (upland and mid-upland), but significant technical inefficiency exists on more productive lands (medium land and lowland). Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Stochastic frontier production function; Productivity; Rice; India; Farm Management; O13; O33; Q12; Q16. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19435 Diffusion of Bt Cotton in India: Impact of Seed Prices and Technological Development AgEcon Arora, Anchal; Bansal, Sangeeta. Recent studies in the literature examining impact of government seed price intervention on adoption of Bt cotton get different results depending on the specifics of the situation analyzed. According to one study, reduction in seed prices enables farmers to buy seeds at lower prices and this can result in surge of area sown under Bt cotton. The other view holds that seed price interventions have little impact on the adoption rates rather these interventions may adversely affect firms’ incentives to innovate. Which of the two views characterize adoption of Bt cotton in India? Using three variations of dynamic logistic model, this paper analyzes the impact of certain economic factors like seed prices, technological development, and cotton prices on the... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Diffusion of technology; Bt cotton; Seed price interventions; Technological development.; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104154 Industry-Science Connections in Agriculture: Do public science collaborations and knowledge flows contribute to firm-level agricultural research productivity? AgEcon Toole, Andrew A.; King, John L.. Prior research identifies a direct positive link between the stock of public scientific knowledge and agricultural productivity; however, an indirect contribution to agricultural productivity is also possible when this stock facilitates private sector invention. This study examines how “connectedness” between the stock of public scientific knowledge and private firms influences firm-level research productivity. Bibliographic information identifies the nature and degree to which firms use public agricultural science through citations and collaborations on scientific papers. Fixed effects models show that greater citations and collaborations with university researchers are associated with greater agricultural research productivity. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Public science; Research productivity; Patents; Citations; Collaboration; R&D; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; O31. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103211 Monsanto's Adventures in Zulu Land: Output and Labour Effects of GM Maize and Minimum Tillage AgEcon Gouse, Marnus; Piesse, Jenifer; Thirtle, Colin G.. The only commercial genetically modified (GM) subsistence food crop is white maize in South Africa, which was released in 2001/2. This paper reports on the performance of insect resistant (Bt) white maize grown by smallholders in Hlabisa, KwaZulu Natal, where the other development is minimum tillage. The results show that, contrary to many inflated claims, in the dry 2003/4 season, there was no significant difference between the yield per kg of seed for Bt and conventional maize, due to very low stalk borer infestation levels. Farmers who planted Bt maize in 2003/2004 were thus worse off as they paid more for seed and obtained no benefit. This is measured using efficiency scores from a stochastic frontier analysis. These results conflict with the yield per... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25309 What makes exit from poverty: Investigation of smallholder women livestock farmers in Bangladesh AgEcon Akter, Shaheen; Farrington, John. Shaheen Akter and John Farrington..."What makes exit from poverty .... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Poverty; Women and livestock; Livelihood Strategies; Asset-base Framework; Bangladesh; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; O1; O3; Q16. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51165 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TRADE: ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, MEDICINALS AND BOTANICALS, AND PHARMACEUTICALS AgEcon Smith, Pamela J.. We examine the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on US exports of biological, medicinal, botanical, and pharmaceutical products. We find that: (1) strong IPRs enhance monopoly power of US exports in countries with weak imitative abilities; and (2) strong IPRs expand markets for US exports in countries with strong imitative abilities. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Exports; Biotechnologies; Medicinals; Botanicals; Pharmaceuticals; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; F13; Q16; Q17; K55; O34. Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21525 A Whole Farm Analysis of the Influence of Auto-Steer Navigation on Net Returns, Risk, and Production Practices AgEcon Shockley, Jordan M.; Dillon, Carl R.; Stombaugh, Timothy S.. A whole farm economic analysis was conducted to provide a detailed assessment into the economic, risk, and production implications due to the adoption of auto-steer navigation. It was determined that auto-steer navigation was profitable for a grain farmer in Kentucky with net returns increasing up to 0.90% ($3.35/acre). Additionally, the technology could be used in reducing production risk. Adoption of the technology also alters production practices for optimal use. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Economics; Farm management; Mean-variance; Precision agriculture; Simulation; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C63; D81; Q12; Q16. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100640 Rates of Return to Public Agricultural Research in 48 U.S. States AgEcon Plastina, Alejandro S.; Fulginiti, Lilyan E.. The internal rate of return to public investment in agricultural R&D is estimated for each of the continental U.S. states. Theoretically, our contribution provides a way of obtaining the returns to a local public good using Rothbart’s concept of virtual prices. Empirically, we use the spatial dependency among states generated by knowledge spillovers to define the ‘appropriate’ jurisdiction. We estimate an average own-state rate of 17% and a social rate of 27%. These figures should inform the policy debate on the allocation of federal funds to research in anticipation of a possible global food crisis. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Internal rates of return; Public R&D; Spillins; Local public goods; Appropriate jurisdiction; Spatial.; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; H41; C33; C31. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51709 Agricultural Economics Education in Ukrainian Agricultural Universities: An Efficiency Analysis Using Data Envelopment Analysis AgEcon Lissitsa, Alexej; Coelli, Tim J.; Rao, D.S. Prasada. Ukraine's transition from a centrally-planned to a market economy has had a profound effect upon its agricultural sector and agricultural universities. A substantial reduction in state financing has forced universities to adopt a range of survival strategies, with varying degrees of success. In this paper we use data envelopment analysis to examine the technical efficiency of 44 agricultural economics programs from 19 Ukrainian universities during the 2002/03 academic year. Our empirical results indicate wide disparities in performance, ranging from 36% to 100% technical efficiency. A second-stage analysis suggests that factors such as student demand, commercial activities and staff quality help explain a portion of this variation. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Higher education; Ukraine; Efficiency; Data envelopment analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21; C14; Q16. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24482 Smallholders' Cost Efficiency in Mozambique: Implications for Improved Maize Seed Adoption AgEcon Zavale, Helder; Mabaya, Edward T.; Christy, Ralph D.. Maize is an important staple in Mozambique. It is also a dominant crop produced by smallholder farmers. However, the actual maize yields, currently estimated at 1.4 tons/ha, fall short of potential yields of 5-6.5 tons/ha. With population growth rate increasingly exceeding agricultural (and maize) productivity growth rate, the government of Mozambique faces a serious problem of food insecurity and poverty alleviation. This study examines cost inefficiency among smallholder maize farmers in Mozambique, and the impact of improved maize seed adoption on cost efficiency. A Translog functional form is used to estimate the frontier cost function. A cost-inefficiency function is used to examine the factors that determine cost inefficiency among farmers.... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Technology adoption; Selection bias; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; D13; O33. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25648 An Exploratory Assessment of the Economic Impact of Forage Options for Beef Production on Smallholder Farms in the Red Soils Region of China AgEcon MacLeod, Neil D.; Wen, Shilin; Hu, Mingwen. The rapidly growing beef cattle herd of the Peoples Republic of China is largely carried as small numbers of animals on smallholder farms. These enterprises have traditionally focussed on cereal and vegetable crops. Limited plantings of specialised forages combined with a poor knowledge of ruminant nutrition by sm allholder farmers represent a serious challenge to establishing genuinely sustainable beef enterprises for this sector. Government policy to promote beef cattle production on smallholder farms is now focussing on the use of new forages and improved feeding practices. The paper draws on some economic insights from an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project that is exploring options for integrating the planting and... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Beef cattle; Forages; Red Soils Region; China; Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; 03; Q12; Q16. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25588 Market Impacts of Adopting Herbicide-Resistant Rice in the Southern United States AgEcon Fuller, Frank H.; Annou, Mamane Malam; Wailes, Eric J.. Herbicide-resistant (HR) rice varieties offer U.S. rice producers a powerful tool for control of red rice infestations. However, improved weed control can shorten crop rotations and boost yields, resulting in expanded rice production and lower domestic market prices. Declining market returns diminish the benefits of HR rice adoption and substantially reduce net returns for nonadopters. More competitive prices increase U.S. rice exports, causing a slight decline in world rice prices. The dependence of the rice marketing loan program on world prices prevents loan deficiency payments from adequately offsetting producers’ market revenue losses. U.S. consumers gain from lower rice prices. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Crop rotation; Herbicide resistant; Red rice; Rice; Simulation models; Technology adaptation; Q11; Q16; Q18; O33; C53. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37859 Assessing Information Bias and Food Safety AgEcon Conley, Dennis M.; Wade, Mark A.. Imperfect information can lead to market failure and be an external factor impacting managers of agribusiness firms. A matrix method approach to content analysis was conducted by independent judges based upon established typologies. Food safety articles from consumer publications were examined, and information received by consumers was found to be biased. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Food safety; Information bias; Consumers; Media; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Q10; Q13; Q16. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53642 The Effect of Climate Change over Agricultural Factor Productivity: Some Econometric Considerations AgEcon McCarl, Bruce A.; Villavicencio, Xavier; Wu, Ximing. This paper examines the role that climate change might be playing in the declining returns to agricultural research. For this purpose, we estimate a cross-section time-series model of agricultural total factor productivity for the U.S. states over the period 1970–1999, with the inclusion of climatic variables, and controlling for non stationarity of the data. Our findings suggest that after controlling for climatic variables and non stationarity, the effect of Public Agricultural Research Capital over Total Factor Productivity is reduced. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Factor Productivity; Returns to Research; Panel Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; O13; Q16. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49452 The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas’s Rice Breeding Program: 1983–2007 AgEcon Nalley, Lawton Lanier; Moldenhauer, Karen A.; Lyman, Nathaniel. This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University’s breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997–2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Economic impact of technological change; Just and Pope; Public rice breeding; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100653 Applying a Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI) Approach to the Australian Red Meat Industry with Implications for Improving Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Australian Agrifood Industry AgEcon Pitt, Christine; Nelle, Susan. This paper describes an action research study conducted over four years (2002-2006) in the Australian red meat industry. The study aimed to extend the body of knowledge on innovation and entrepreneurship. It also sought to explore options for improving practice through interventions that would accelerate the development of innovation culture and capabilities. A conceptual framework was developed leading to a new Systems Innovation Intervention Framework. The framework was subsequently implemented via 30 individual pilots. The outcomes of the research study were tested for relevance more broadly within the Australian food industry and high levels of acceptance were reported. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Innovation; Sectoral innovation systems; Innovation system failures; Intervention strategies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53734 Optimal Grazing Termination Date for Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Production AgEcon Taylor, Karen W.; Epplin, Francis M.; Brorsen, B. Wade; Fieser, Brian G.; Horn, Gerald W.. Dual-purpose winter wheat (fall-winter forage plus grain) production is an important economic enterprise in the southern Great Plains. Grazing termination to enable grain production is a critical decision. The objective is to determine the optimal grazing termination date for dual-purpose wheat. The value of knowing the occurrence of first hollow stem (FHS), a wheat growth threshold for grazing termination, is also determined. Results indicate that for most price situations grazing should be terminated at or before FHS. Marginal wheat returns from extended grazing were negative and the value of FHS information ranges from $1.50 to $10 per acre. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Dual-purpose; First hollow stem; Plateau function; Stocker cattle; Value of information; Wheat; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q16. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57148 A Dynamic Decision Model of Technology Adoption under Uncertainty: Case of Herbicide-Resistant Rice AgEcon Annou, Mamane Malam; Wailes, Eric J.; Thomsen, Michael R.. Herbicide-resistant (HR) rice technology is a potential tool for control of red rice in commercial rice production. Using an ex ante mathematical programming framework, this research presents an empirical analysis of HR rice technology adoption under uncertainty. The analysis accounts for stochastic germination of red rice and sheath blight to model a profit maximization problem of crop rotation among HR rice, regular rice, and soybeans. The results demonstrate that risk attitudes and technology efficiency determine adoption rates and optimal rotation patterns. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Herbicide resistance; Mathematical programming; Profit maximization; Rice; Risk; Rotation; Technology; Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; O33; C61. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43724 Registros recuperados: 293 Primeira ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... Última

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