SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Jung, Martina.

In the present study, CDM host countries are classified according to their attractiveness for CDM non-sink projects. A cluster analysis is conducted based on three different factors determining host country attractiveness (mitigation potential, institutional CDM capacity and general investment climate) in order to elaborate a CDM host country classification. The results suggest that only a small proportion of potential host countries will attract most of the CDM investment. The CDM (non-sink) stars are China, India, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, South Africa, Indonesia and Thailand. They are followed by attractive countries like Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago, Mongolia, Panama, and Chile. While most of the promising CDM host countries are located in Latin...

How Do Public Disclosure Pollution Control Programs Work? Evidence from Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Clean development mechanism; Kyoto Protocol; Attractiveness; Cluster analysis; Farm Management; Q25; C49.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26328

Afsah, Shakeb; Blackman, Allen; Ratunanda, Damayanti.

Although a growing body of evidence suggests that publicly disclosing information about plants' environmental performance can motivate emissions reductions, this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To help fill this gap, this paper presents original data from a survey of plants participating in the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), Indonesia's widely-acclaimed public disclosure program. These data suggest that a key means by which PROPER spurs abatement is improving factory managers' information about their own plants' emissions and abatement opportunities. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view in the literature that public disclosure enhances pressures to abate placed on firms by external agents such as community...

Marginal Productivity Analysis of Global Inter-sectoral Water Demand

Palavras-chave: Public disclosure; Environment; Voluntary regulation; Informal regulation; Indonesia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q25; O13.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10515

Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Juana, James S.; Kirsten, Johann F..

There is growing evidence that freshwater availability is declining, while competition among sectors for the withdrawal of this scarce resource is rapidly increasing,(Rosegrant et a, 2002). Therefore, the need to promote inter-sectoral water use efficiency from the demand-side management has necessitated a study to investigate the responsiveness of different productive sectors and sub-sectors to water prices. Extracting data from the GTAP and UNIDO databases and adopting the marginal productive approach by Wang and Lall (2002),and using the two-stage-least squares method, the translog production function is estimated, from which the output and price elasticities and the marginal value of water is computed for thirteen sectors. The results indicate that...

The Benefits of Air Pollutant Emissions Reductions in Maryland: Results from the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; C8; L6; L7; Q25.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25748

Austin, David H.; Krupnick, Alan J.; Burtraw, Dallas; Stoessell, Terrell.

This paper reports the results of policy simulations of environmental and human health externalities arising from the production of electricity. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model, developed for the State of Maryland's Department of Natural Resources. A secondary purpose is to estimate likely Maryland benefits from Title IV emissions reductions at electric power generation facilities. Sources and scope of benefits, and the potential of policy to achieve specific environmental and human health goals, are suggested by the results. We find that expected health benefits from reductions in power plant emissions dominate the estimated benefits of improved recreational visibility and...

Incorporating Local Water Quality in Welfare Measures of Agri-environmental Policy: A Choice Modelling Approach Employing GIS

Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Health and environmental benefits; Valuation; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; I81; Q24; Q25; Q26; Q49.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10825

Tait, Peter R.; Baskaran, Ramesh.

The spatial distribution of agro-environmental policy benefits has important implications for the efficient allocation of management effort. The practical convenience of relying on sample mean values of individual benefits for aggregation can come at the cost of biased aggregate estimates. The main objective of this paper is to test spatial hypotheses regarding respondents’ local water quality and quantity, and their willingness-to-pay for improvements in water quality attributes. This paper combines choice experiment and spatially related water quality data via a Geographical Information System (GIS) to develop a method that evaluates the influence of respondents’ local water quality on willingness-to-pay for river and stream conservation programs in...

A spatial bio-economic modelling approach on the trade-offs between global bioenergy demand, agricultural intensification, expansion, and trade

Palavras-chave: Water Quality; Choice Experiment; Geographical Information System; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116074

Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Popp, Alexander; Beringer, Tim; Muller, Christoph; Lucht, Wolfgang.

Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a given bioenergy demand...

Valoracion de bienes ambientales complejos: una alternativa multicriterio

Palavras-chave: Land use change; Spatial modelling; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; F15; Q24; Q25.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51458

Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio; Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús.

RESUMEN La valoración económica de bienes ambientales complejos presenta una serie de aspectos problemáticos. Este trabajo se centra en dos de ellos: la linealidad de los atributos en función de valor de estos bienes y la heterogeneidad en las funciones de utilidad de los individuos. Para ello se propone una metodología basada en la Teoría de la Utilidad Multiatributo que permite contrastar la importancia dada a estos aspectos. Dicha metodología se aplica a un espacio natural protegido en la provincia de Granada. De los resultados se puede concluir que la no-linealidad de los atributos y la heterogeneidad de las funciones de utilidad individuales son aspectos relevantes en la valoración de bienes ambientales. ABSTRACT Economic valuation of comlex...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Complex environmental goods; Heterogeneity; Attribute non-lineartiy; Multiattribute utility; Valuation; Bienes ambientales complejos; Heterogeneidad; Linealidad de atributos; Utilidad multiatributo; Valoracion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; Q25.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7055

Air Pollution Control Policy Options for Metro Manila

Krupnick, Alan J.; Morgenstern, Richard D.; Fischer, Carolyn; Rolfe, Kevin; Logarta, Jose; Rufo, Bing.

The Asian Development Bank has sponsored research on market-based instruments for managing pollution in Metro Manila, Philippines, where air quality is seriously degraded. This report offers three policy options for reducing particulate emissions and their precursors. For stationary sources, we recommend an emissions fee that creates efficient financial incentives to reduce emissions while raising revenues for monitoring and enforcement activities. For mobile sources, we propose a pilot diesel retrofit program using a low-cost technology that is effective at existing 2,000 ppm sulfur content. Second, we recommend a charge on the sulfur content of diesel fuel to encourage meeting and surpassing the 500 ppm standard to allow for more advanced particulate...

Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program

Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions tax; Philippines; Particulates; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q01.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10612

Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Kahn, Danny.

Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders....

The Enhanced I/M Program in Arizona: Costs, Effectiveness, and a Comparison with Pre-regulatory Estimates

Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650

Harrington, Winston; McConnell, Virginia D.; Ando, Amy Whritenour.

Using data from 1995 and 1996, we estimate the cost of the Arizona Enhanced I/M Program and the emission reductions achieved. We begin by enumerating briefly the components of I/M costs and discuss their size and incidence. Then we describe the empirical information from Arizona and how we use it to construct cost estimates for both vehicle inspection and repair of failing vehicles. Inspection costs include the costs of operating the test stations and the costs motorists incur in time and money to get to the station and go through the testing process. We find that the inspection costs account for over two-thirds of the full costs of I/M, while costs associated with actual vehicle repair account for only one third. We conclude by comparing the empirical...

Delayed Action and Uncertain Targets. How Much Will Climate Policy Cost?

Palavras-chave: I/M cost-effectiveness; Vehicle emissions; Mobile sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10867

Bosetti, Valentina; Carraro, Carlo; Sgobbi, Alessandra; Tavoni, Massimo.

Despite the growing concern about actual on-going climate change, there is little consensus about the scale and timing of actions needed to stabilise the concentrations of greenhouse gases. Many countries are unwilling to implement effective mitigation strategies, at least in the short-term, and no agreement on an ambitious global stabilisation target has yet been reached. It is thus likely that some, if not all countries, will delay the adoption of effective climate policies. This delay will affect the cost of future policy measures that will be required to abate an even larger amount of emissions. What additional economic cost of mitigation measures will this delay imply? At the same time, the uncertainty surrounding the global stabilisation target to be...

Estimación del valor económico de la calidad del agua de un río mediante una doble aproximación: una aplicación de los principios económicos de la Directiva Marco del Agua

Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Climate Policy; Stabilisation Costs; Delayed Action; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44219

del Saz Salazar, Salvador; Hernandez Sancho, Francesc; Sala Garrido, Ramon.

El principal objetivo de la Directiva Marco del Agua de la Unión Europea es logar un “buen estado” de las aguas europeas para el año 2015 mediante una combinación de diferentes medidas. En este estudio, dos métodos de preferencias declaradas, el método de valoración contingente y el método de ordenación contingente, han sido aplicados para obtener la valoración económica de una hipotética mejora de la calidad del agua de un río. La comparación de las dos metodologías muestra que las valoraciones obtenidas con el método de ordenación contingente son considerablemente mayores que las obtenidas con la valoración contingente. Por último, los valores estimados se agregan para obtener una aproximación cuantitativa a los beneficios sociales derivados de esta...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beneficios sociales; Calidad del agua; Directiva Marco del Agua; Ordenación contingente; Valoración contingente.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q26.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57280

Valoracion del agua de riego por el metodo de precios quasi-hedonicos: aplicacion al Guadalquivir

Berbel, Julio; Mesa, Pascual.

La estimación del valor del agua puede hacerse mediante diferentes métodos, de los cuales este trabajo propone el método de precios "quasi-hedónicos". El agua se considera en este trabajo como una variable externa que impacta en el precio diferencial de la tierra, y cuyo valor estimamos para la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Los resultados nos muestran un valor capital del agua en el rango 2,8 €/m3 a 4,2 €/m3 con un valor más frecuente de 3,46 €/m3, que según el tipo de capitalización empleado nos daría un valor medio de renta del agua entre 0,14 €/m3 (para r=4%) a 0,35 €/m3 (para r=10%). ABSTRACT The valuation of natural resources is a tool used for improving allocation and management of water resources. This research proposes a quasi-hedonic approach as a...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Irrigated agriculture; Hedonic price; Environmental valuation; Water value; Agricultura de riego; Precios hedónicos; Valoracion ambiental; Valor del agua; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; C13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7059

Institutional Impediments to Groundwater Trading: the case of the Gnangara groundwater system of Western Australia

Skurray, James H.; Pandit, Ram; Pannell, David J..

The development of a market in groundwater usage rights can be inhibited by constraints arising from the institutional context. Such impediments may reduce the potential gains from trade and may generate high transaction costs for prospective traders. We analyse the regulations and policies influencing groundwater transfers in a case-study area -- the Gnangara groundwater system around Perth, Western Australia -- and identify significant impediments to a groundwater market. Property rights are found to be conditional, temporary, and vulnerable to amendment. Regulatory approval is required for all transfers. Facilitating infrastructure is lacking, and price information is unavailable. Management area boundaries reflect land ownership and use rather than...

Contracting for Environmental Property Rights: The Case of Vittel

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q28; Q38; Q56; Q57; Q58; D02; R52; H41; H23; H11; D23; D47; D78; H44.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117825

Depres, Christophe; Grolleau, Gilles; Mzoughi, Naoufel.

Based on an authentic case of contracting for environmental property rights, our paper shows several implications of applying the Coases propositions. The case study adds empirical content to basic transaction costs concepts by analyzing the design and implementation of a contractual arrangement between a pollutee a bottler of mineral water Vittel and several polluting farmers. We analyze the bargaining between land and water rights owners and the bottler Vittel to determine how transaction cost issues (valuation disputes, bi-lateral monopoly conditions, and third-party effects) were overcome and how they succeeded in contracting for environmental property rights. We provide several comparisons of the Vittel case with other similar cases, leading to...

Investment in Electricity Transmission and Ancillary Environmental Benefits

Palavras-chave: Case study; Contracting; Environmental property rights; Environmental-related transactions; Private arrangement; Vittel; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; K23; Q15; Q25.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24729

Bloyd, Cary; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Burtraw, Dallas.

Planning of the electricity transmission system generally focuses on the pros and cons of providing generation close to the source of the power demand versus remote generation linked via the transmission system. Recent electricity supply problems in the western United States have renewed interest in the role of transmission in assuring the reliability of electricity supply. Recently, the Western Governors' Association led the development of a planning exercise that examined the tradeoffs over the next 10 years between locating new natural gas powered generation close to the load centers versus new coal, wind, hydro, and geothermal generation in remote areas. Although the analysis concentrated on the direct system costs, the choice of new generation will...

Utilizing Contingent Claims to Improve the Management of CAFOs

Palavras-chave: Electricity; Transmission; Air pollution; Ancillary benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q41.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10519

Gramig, Benjamin M.; Skees, Jerry R.; Black, J. Roy.

We propose a market-based approach to reducing the environmental risk posed by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The dual problems of hidden information and hidden action faced by policymakers are considered alongside the competing incentives faced by the CAFO manager in a multiple principal-agent setting. A new approach that uses insurance-like contracts is introduced by use of the specific example of a swine operation with a lagoon-based manure management system. Index-based contingent claims contracts in tandem with third-party auditing and waste hauling options are introduced as a complement to regulatory frameworks designed to reduce negative externalities from production.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Animal feeding operations; Asymmetric information; Environmental risk; Insurance; Public policy; Regulation; D82; G22; L51; Q18; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43346

Valoración económica de los beneficios ambientales de no mercado derivados de la mejora de la calidad del agua: una estimación en aplicación de la Directiva Marco del Agua al Guadalquivir

Martin-Ortega, Julia; Berbel, Julio; Brouwer, Roy.

Esta investigación responde a la necesidad de información económica relativa a los beneficios derivados de la implementación de la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA). Se plantea una definición práctica del concepto de beneficio ambiental y un escenario de valoración de los beneficios de la mejora de la calidad del agua que no tienen reflejo en el mercado. Esta valoración es necesaria, entre otros aspectos, para la evaluación de la desproporcionalidad de los costes de la DMA. La metodología se aplica a un caso práctico en el Guadalquivir en un ejercicio de valoración contingente y análisis estadístico mediante un modelo Heckman en dos etapas.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beneficios ambientales; Costes desproporcionados; Directiva Marco del Agua; Modelo Heckman; Valoración contingente; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q51.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57281

The Role of Stakeholders' Perceptions in Addressing Water Quality Disputes in an Embattled Watershed

Popp, Jennie S. Hughes; Rodriguez, German.

Preliminary results of a survey of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders in the Lincoln Lake Watershed suggests discrepancies exists in different groups perceptions of water quality, the sources of water pollution, and the roles of local, county, state and federal officials in meeting water quality objectives.

Estimating Full IM240 Emissions from Partial Test Results: Evidence from Arizona

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53; Q59.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34808

Ando, Amy Whritenour; Harrington, Winston; McConnell, Virginia D..

The expense and inconvenience of enhanced vehicle emissions testing using the full 240-second dynamometer test has led states to search for ways to shorten the test process. In fact, all states that currently use the IM240 allow some type of fast-pass, usually as early in the test as second 31, and Arizona allows vehicles to fast-fail after second 93. While these shorter tests save states millions of dollars in inspection lanes and driver costs, there is a loss in information since test results are no longer comparable across vehicles. This paper presents a methodology for estimating full 240 second results from partial-test results for three pollutants: HC, CO and NOx. Using random sample of vehicles in Arizona which received full 240 second tests, we use...