SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sunderlin, William D; Rights and Resources Group; Center for International Forestry Research; wsunderlin@rightsandresources.org; Dewi, Sonya; World Agroforestry Centre;; Puntodewo, Atie; Center for International Forestry Research;; Angelsen, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Center for International Forestry Research;; Epprecht, Michael; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "North-South", University of Berne;.

Forests have been declared important for the well-being of the poor because of the kinds of goods and services that they provide. We asked whether forests are important for the poor not only because of the kinds of goods and services they provide, but also because they tend to be located where the poor are. We conducted a spatial analysis to ascertain the degree of spatial association between poverty and forests in seven countries: Brazil, Honduras, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Indonesia, and Vietnam. For most of these countries, there was a significant positive correlation between high natural forest cover and high poverty rate (the percentage of the population that is poor) and between high forest cover and low poverty density (the number of poor per unit...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Forest; Poverty; Spatial analysis.

Ano: 2008

Identifying Areas for Field Conservation of Forages in Latin American Disturbed Environments

Peters, Michael; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); m.peters-ciat@cgiar.org; Hyman, Glenn; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); g.hyman@cgiar.org; Jones, Peter; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); p.jones@cgiar.org.

This paper uses the spatial analysis tools DIVA and FloraMap to identify potential areas for the in situ conservation of a set of 10 forage species. We introduce the idea of roadside verges as conservation areas and discuss the risks and opportunities of two potential scenarios for conservation. These are the introduction of mass reservoirs outside of the original areas of collection and conservation inside the area of origin. Four potential areas for in situ conservation in Latin America are identified. Although more detailed studies using remote sensing, soil information, and field reconnaissance will be necessary for a final assessment of the suggested areas as field conservation sites, we discuss the possibilities of establishing low-maintenance...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Distribution; DIVA; FloraMap; Forages; Germplasm; Latin America; Legumes; Roadside; Spatial analysis; Verges..

Ano: 2005

A matter of ephemerality: the study of Kel Tadrart Tuareg (southwest Libya) campsites via quantitative spatial analysis

Biagetti, Stefano; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics group; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Humanities; School of Geography, Archaeology, and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand; stefano.biagetti@upf.edu; Crema, Enrico R.; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics group; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Humanities; UCL Institute of Archaeology; enrico.crema@upf.edu.

We examined the settlement structure from the Kel Tadrart Tuareg, a small pastoral society from southwest Libya. Our objective was to apply spatial analysis to establish the statistical significance of specific patterns in the settlement layout. In particular, we examined whether there is a separation between domestic and livestock spaces, and whether particular residential features dedicated to guests are spatially isolated. We used both established statistical techniques and newly developed bespoke analyses to test our hypotheses, and then discuss the results in the light of possible applications to other case studies.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article

Palavras-chave: Campsites; Kel Tadrart Tuareg; Settlement layout; Spatial analysis.

Ano: 2016

Using crowdsourced imagery to detect cultural ecosystem services: a case study in South Wales, UK

Gliozzo, Gianfranco; Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; g.gliozzo@ucl.ac.uk; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; Nathalie.Pettorelli@ioz.ac.uk; Haklay, Mordechai (Muki); Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; m.haklay@ucl.ac.uk.

Within ecological research and environmental management, there is currently a focus on demonstrating the links between human well-being and wildlife conservation. Within this framework, there is a clear interest in better understanding how and why people value certain places over others. We introduce a new method that measures cultural preferences by exploring the potential of multiple online georeferenced digital photograph collections. Using ecological and social considerations, our study contributes to the detection of places that provide cultural ecosystem services. The degree of appreciation of a specific place is derived from the number of people taking and sharing pictures of it. The sequence of decisions and actions taken to share a digital picture...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Crowdsourcing; Cultural ecosystem services; Environmental spaces detection; Online imagery; Social preferences; Spatial analysis; Volunteered geographic information (VGI).

Ano: 2016

Toward Integrated Analysis of Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity: Lessons from Latin America

Newton, Adrian C; Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; dgoliche@sclc.ecosur.mx; Gonzalez-Espinosa, Mario; ECOSUR; mgonzale@ecosur.mx; Huth, Andreas; UFZ; andreas.huth@ufz.de; Premoli, Andrea; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.

Although sustainable forest management (SFM) has been widely adopted as a policy and management goal, high rates of forest loss and degradation are still occurring in many areas. Human activities such as logging, livestock husbandry, crop cultivation, infrastructural development, and use of fire are causing widespread loss of biodiversity, restricting progress toward SFM. In such situations, there is an urgent need for tools that can provide an integrated assessment of human impacts on forest biodiversity and that can support decision making related to forest use. This paper summarizes the experience gained by an international collaborative research effort spanning more than a decade, focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Environmental modeling; Landscape ecology; Latin America; Spatial analysis; Sustainable forest management.

Ano: 2009

Salt Marsh Zonal Migration and Ecosystem Service Change in Response to Global Sea Level Rise: A Case Study from an Urban Region

Feagin, Rusty A; Texas A&M University; feaginr@tamu.edu; Costanza, Robert; University of Vermont; rcostanz@uvm.edu.

Coastal wetland plants are expected to respond to global sea level rise by migrating toward higher elevations. Housing, infrastructure, and other anthropogenic modifications are expected to limit the space available for this potential migration. Here, we explore the ecological and economic effects of projected Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 report sea level changes at the plant community scale using the highest horizontal (1 m) and vertical (0.01 m) resolution data available, using a 6 x 6 km area as an example. Our findings show that salt marshes do not always lose land with increasing rates of sea level rise. We found that the lower bound of the IPCC 2007 potential rise (0.18 m by 2095) actually increased the total marsh area....

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Coastal ecology; Coastal plant migration; Sea level rise; Spatial analysis.

Ano: 2010

Comparison of individual-based model output to data using a model of walleye pollock early life history in the Gulf of Alaska

ArchiMer

Hinckley, Sarah; Parada, Carolina; Horne, John K.; Mazur, Michael; Woillez, Mathieu.

Biophysical individual-based models (IBMs) have been used to study aspects of early life history of marine fishes such as recruitment, connectivity of spawning and nursery areas, and marine reserve design. However, there is no consistent approach to validating the spatial outputs of these models. In this study, we hope to rectify this gap. We document additions to an existing individual-based biophysical model for Alaska walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), some simulations made with this model and methods that were used to describe and compare spatial output of the model versus field data derived from ichthyoplankton surveys in the Gulf of Alaska. We used visual methods (e.g. distributional centroids with directional ellipses), several indices (such as...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Mathematical models; Statistical analysis; Marine fish; Spatial distributions; Spatial analysis; Individual-based models; USA gulf of alaska; Walleye pollock.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00327/43775/43332.pdf

High-resolution facies zonation within a cold-water coral mound: The case of the Piddington Mound, Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic

ArchiMer

Lim, Aaron; Wheeler, Andrew J.; Arnaubec, Aurelien.

Framework-forming cold-water corals (CWC's) such as Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata generate positive topographic features on the seabed called CWC mounds. In the North East Atlantic, CWC mounds have been studied in detail and reveal heterogeneous spatial on-mound organisation of coral patches. Many of these studies are limited by a paucity of remotely-sensed and video imagery at an appropriate resolution and coverage. This study is the first attempt to video mosaic an entire CWC mound (the Piddington Mound of the Moira Mounds, Porcupine Seabight, Irish margin). The mosaic is divided into 18,980 0.25 m2 cells with a manual classification applied to each within a geographic information system (GIS). Geospatial analysis shows that cell distribution is...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Cold-water coral; Habitat mapping; Spatial analysis; Sediments; Fades distribution.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00390/50129/50732.pdf

Spatial and temporal dynamics of gas-related processes in the Sea of Marmara monitored with ocean bottom seismometers

ArchiMer

Tsang-hin-sun, Eve; Batsi, Evangelia; Klingelhoefer, Frauke; Géli, Louis.

In the Sea of Marmara, areas of gas seepage or cold seeps are tightly related to the faults system and understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics in gas-related processes is crucial for geohazard mitigation. Although acoustic surveys proved to be efficient in detecting and locating cold seeps, temporal variability or trends in the gas-related processes are still poorly understood. Two arrays of 10 ocean bottom seismometers were deployed in the western part of the Sea of Marmara in 2011 and 2014, respectively. In addition to the local seismic events, the instruments recorded a large number of short duration events and long-lasting tremors. Short duration events are impulsive signals with duration < 1 s, amplitude well above the noise level and a...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Gas and hydrate systems; Spatial analysis; Time-series analysis; Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics.

Ano: 2019

URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00473/58426/61003.pdf

Visions for a Sea change, Report of the First Iinternational Workshop on Marine Spatial Planning

OceanDocs

Ehler, Charles; Douvere, Fanny.

1 Introduction to the Workshop on Marine Spatial Planning 7 2 Introduction to Ecosystem-based, Sea Use Management 15 3 Ecosystem-based, Sea Use Management and Marine Spatial Planning 23 4 Key Scientific Issues for Ecosystem-based, Marine Spatial Planning 29 5 Legislation and Policy Framework for Marine Spatial Planning 35 6 A Process for Marine Spatial Planning 45 7 Defining the Human Dimension of Marine Spatial Planning 53 8 Implementing Marine Spatial Planning 57 9 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Adapting Marine Spatial Planning 65 10 Conclusions and Next Steps 71

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Marine sciences; Spatial analysis; Spatial information; Marine resources; Ecosystems.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4464

Relevancia de procesos costeros en la hidrodinámica del Golfo de Uraba (Caribe colombiano)

OceanDocs

Escobar, S..

Se presenta en este artículo una metodología a través de la cual se determina cuantitativamente el efecto en la hidrodinámica del golfo de Urabá de un grupo de procesos costeros y forzamientos externos, los cuales, inicialmente, se asumen relevantes en el comportamiento del flujo. De acuerdo con este propósito, se realiza la simulación numérica del flujo y el oleaje en el golfo a través de la plataforma de modelación Delft3D. La modelación considera los siguientes procesos: (i) la influencia marina a través del forzamiento de la marea en la frontera norte del golfo; (ii) el oleaje; (iii) la estratificación termo-salina; (iv) el arrastre del viento y (v) la influencia fluvial a través de la descarga del río Atrato y otros tributarios secundarios. La...

Tipo: Journal Contribution

Palavras-chave: Beach processes; Spatial analysis; Numerical models; Coasts; Hydrodynamics.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4510

Análisis exploratorio de las preferencias ambientales por rangos de talla de las hembras maduras e impregnadas de langostino Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) del Golfo San Jorge. Períodos analizados: noviembre - diciembre de 2008 y enero - febrero de 2009

OceanDocs

Fernández, M..

En este estudio se presenta el análisis de la relación entre los valores de densidad de hembras maduras y de hembras impregnadas de langostino Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) del Golfo San Jorge y las variables ambientales. Los datos analizados provienen de las campañas de investigación del INIDEP OB-03/08 y OB-01/09 realizadas en noviembre-diciembre de 2008 y en enero-febrero de 2009, respectivamente; en el área comprendida entre las latitudes 43º 20´ S y 47º 00´ S y el meridiano 64º 00´ W y la costa. Se consideraron las variables biológicas: densidad de hembras maduras y de hembras impregnadas de langostino, por rango de tallas y las variables ambientales: profundidad, temperatura y salinidad de agua de fondo así como, la diferencia de temperatura y de...

Tipo: Theses and Dissertations

Palavras-chave: Females; Sexual maturity; Spawning grounds; Environmental conditions; Spatial analysis; Statistical models; Shrimp fisheries.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5159

DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ABANDONMENT IN POST-SOVIET EUROPEAN RUSSIA

Prishchepov, Alexander V.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Muller, Daniel; Dubinin, Maxim; Baumann, Matthias.

Socio-economic and institutional changes may accelerate land-use and land-cover change. Our goal was to explore the determinants of agricultural land abandonment within one agro-climatic and economic region of post-Soviet European Russia during the first decade of transition from a state-command to market-driven economy (between 1990 and 2000). We integrated maps of abandoned agricultural land derived from 30 m resolution Landsat TM/ETM+ images, environmental and socioeconomic variables and estimated logistic regressions. Results showed that post-Soviet agricultural land abandonment was significantly associated with lower average grain yields in the late 1980s, higher distance from the populated places, areas with low population densities, for isolated...

Invasive Species Control over Space and Time: Miconia calvescens on Oahu, Hawaii

Palavras-chave: Agricultural land abandonment; Institutional change; Land use change; Spatial analysis; Logistic regression; Remote sensing; Russia; Agribusiness; Q15.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115363

Burnett, Kimberly M.; Kaiser, Brooks A.; Roumasset, James A..

The optimal size and location of an invasive species population depend upon spatially differentiated biological growth, economic costs, and damages. Although largely absent from most economic models, spatial considerations matter because the likelihood and magnitude of the invasion vary spatially and the threatened assets may be unevenly distributed across space. We map the current and future populations of an invasive species, Miconia calvescens, on Oahu, Hawaii, and the potential damages to water quantity, quality, and endangered-species habitat, and weigh these against treatment costs. We find that optimal densities vary from approximately 1% to 18% cover throughout the island.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Geographical Information Systems; Hawaii; Invasive species; Miconia calvescens; Oahu; Spatial analysis; Watershed; Q23; Q25; Q28; Q51; Q57.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37274

TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND CONTAMINATION BY COFFEE PROCESSING A BIOECONOMIC MODEL AT THE WATERSHED LEVEL IN HONDURAS

Barbier, Bruno; Hearne, Robert R.; Gonzalez, Jose Manuel; Nelson, Andy; Castaneda, Orlando Mejia.

In Honduras, traditional coffee processing is the cause of two major problems: poor coffee quality and contaminated water. In this paper we present a method that determines the trade-off between economic efficiency and contamination in a Honduran sub-watershed. The method is a bioeconomic model based on mathematical programming that stimulates the functioning of the interlinked economic and ecological processes in the sub-watershed. We compare various scenarii where the model is given the possibility of replacing traditional coffee processing plants with a network of improved ecological plants. For different levels of contamination the model determines the optimal location and size of new coffee processing plants along river streams by minimizing...

THE ROAD TO PRO-POOR GROWTH IN ZAMBIA: PAST LESSONS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

Palavras-chave: Coffee; Environment; Water quality; Mathematical programming; Transport cost; Spatial analysis; Watershed; Honduras.; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25930

Thurlow, James; Wobst, Peter.

Zambia is one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost three-quarters of the population were considered poor at the start of the 1990s, with a vast majority of these people concentrated in rural and remote areas. This extreme poverty arose in spite of Zambia’s seemingly promising prospects following independence. To better understand the failure of growth and poverty-reduction this paper first considers the relationship between the structure of growth and Zambia’s evolving political economy. A strong urban-bias has shaped the country’s growth path leading to a economy both artificially and unsustainably distorted in favor of manufacturing and mining at the expense of rural areas. For agriculture it was the maize-bias of public policies that...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Copper mines and mining; Poverty alleviation; Africa; Zambia; Manufacturing industries; Spatial analysis; Household surveys; Agricultural growth; International Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60169

An analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of greenhouse gas emissions by agriculture in Western Australia and the opportunities for agroforestry offsets

Kingwell, Ross S.; Harris-Adams, Keely.

If agriculture is included in an Australian emissions trading scheme then it may face from 2015 at the earliest, a price for its greenhouse gas emissions; and thereby have incentives to offset and lessen its emissions. Yet because there is currently little understanding of the spatial pattern of emissions in agricultural regions of Australia, the extent of the challenge the sector faces in reducing its emissions is not fully recognised. To improve our understanding, this study uses the National Greenhouse Accounts methodology to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of agricultural emissions since 1990 in the key agricultural region in Australia’s southwest. This region generates almost 40 percent of the nation’s winter crop production and supports...

Renewable Energy Development and Implications to Agricultural Viability

Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Spatial analysis; Agriculture; Offsets; Sequestration.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48161

Adelaja, Adesoji O.; Hailu, Yohannes G..

Food and energy security have increasingly acquired key natural resource policy focus. As alternative energy solutions become more land intensive, the potential implication to the agricultural sector becomes of policy interest. This study investigated the impact of projected wind energy development in Michigan on the agricultural sector. Results indicate that land lease payments overtime for wind turbine siting are expected to generate $50 million per year, impacting agricultural viability. Spatial distribution analysis suggests that most of the projected lease payments to farmers are concentrated in low value agricultural land, low value agricultural production, urban influenced, and low net farm income locations. We found that the spatial distribution of...

DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE RANCHING: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Palavras-chave: Agricultural viability; Renewable energy; Land use; Spatial analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6132

An Empirical Analysis of Market Integration and Efficiency for U.S. Fresh Tomato Markets

Igliori, Danilo Camargo.

The determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture and cattle ranching are closely related with the debate involving the conservation-development trade-off in the Brazilian Amazon. Concerned with balancing development and environmental conservation, policy makers and academics have emphasized the importance of choosing ways of selecting areas where land use restrictions would be established. In order to understand the relationship between spatial patterns of deforestation and the associated distribution and characteristics of economic activity, issues regarding technical efficiency are clearly important. This paper aims to identify the socio-economic and environmental determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture and cattle ranching in the...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; Spatial analysis; Brazilian Amazon; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31927