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Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-visited AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, non-permanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits from biological activities; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37083
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2004 Michigan Dairy Grazing Farm Business Analysis Summary AgEcon
Wittenberg, Eric; Wolf, Christopher A..
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 10 dairy grazing farms from across Michigan. These 10 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11709
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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CONTRACTS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING: A WHOLE-FARM ANALYSIS AgEcon
Chu, Mei-Chin; Swinton, Scott M.; Batie, Sandra S.; Dobbins, Craig L..
Ten alternative seed corn contract specifications are evaluated with respect to nitrate leaching and profitability for the processor firm (principal) and contracted grower (agent). A whole-farm optimization and feasibility analysis suggest that contract terms can be used to reduce non-point source pollution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11806
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ANALYSIS OF CHRISTINA SCHOOL DISTRICT'S 2003 DSTP PERFORMANCE AgEcon
MacKenzie, John; Christina School District Board of Education.
This report summarizes the performance of the Christina School District (CSD) on the 2003 Delaware State Testing Program (DSTP). The 2003 test data represent the final set of results attributable to CSD's former leadership team, which was replaced in July of 2003. The DSTP tests all public school 3rd, 5th, 8th and 10th graders in three areas: reading, math and writing. Despite its adequate resources, CSD has generally lagged behind most other school districts in Delaware in student DSTP performance. There is a persistent drop-off in student performance between 3rd and 5th grades, due in part to a significant exodus of high-performing 5th grade students to non-CSD schools, and there is little or no recovery in student performance levels between the 5th and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15828
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The Health Impacts of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Solid Fuels in Developing Countries: Knowledge, Gaps, and Data Needs AgEcon
Ezzati, Majid; Kammen, Daniel M..
Globally, almost three billion people rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung) and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. Exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels has been implicated, with varying degrees of evidence, as a causal agent of disease and mortality in developing countries. We review the current knowledge on the relationship between indoor air pollution and disease, and on the assessment of interventions for reducing exposure and disease. Our review takes an environmental health perspective and considers the details of both exposure and health effects that are needed for successful intervention strategies. We also identify knowledge gaps and detailed research questions that are essential for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Household energy; Developing countries; Exposure assessment; Exposure-response relationship; Indoor air pollution; Intervention; Public health; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10864
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AGRICULTURAL TRADE ISSUES AND THE 1995 FARM BILL; Proceedings of the Fourth Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, Minnesota AgEcon
Runge, C. Ford; Rosson, C. Parr, III.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14410
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The Nature of the Diversified Farm Household AgEcon
Mann, Stefan.
This paper presents a theoretical approach that explains farm household diversification decisions by the relative attractiveness of both food production and family businesses. The empirical analysis of diversified activities of Swiss farm households shows that a low household income leads to diversification by off-farm activities, while a high income leads to diversification by on-farm activities. It is also shown that arable farms, mountain farms and farm households with a non-agricultural education are more likely to enter off-farm activities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Diversification; Switzerland; Household; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; P42; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56726
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COST OF PROCESSING CARROT PRODUCTION IN WEST CENTRAL MICHIGAN AgEcon
Dartt, Barbara; Black, J. Roy; Breinling, Jim; Morrone, Vicki.
This bulletin represents a tool that can help producers, consultants, educators, and agribusinesses working with producers estimate costs of production and expected profit based on "typical" carrot management strategies found in west central Michigan. The budget included in this bulletin will allow users to revise inputs based on their management strategies and calculate their expected cost and profit. This flexibility provides a decision aid to search for systems that generate higher net returns to the farm's resource base.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11687
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Farmer Group Development in Kenya: Issues and Recommendations for Service Providers AgEcon
Parkins, John R.; Gill, Dhara S..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24128
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NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE STATE ECONOMY FOR 2000 AND PROJECTED 2001 AgEcon
Coon, Randal C.; Leistritz, F. Larry.
This report provides estimates of the lignite industry's contribution to the North Dakota economy, using key economic indicators such as retail trade activity, personal income, total business activity, employment, and tax revenues. The estimates are based on actual industry expenditures for 2000 and projected expenditures for 2001. This analysis contains two measures of the relative importance of the lignite energy industry in North Dakota. First, the industry's share of the state's total sales to final demand (or exports) is evaluated. Second, the business volume generated by the industry is compared to the total gross business volume for the state. Expenditures were obtained from a survey of firms involved in lignite-related activities (mining or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; Lignite (coal) mining; Lignite conversion; Input-output analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23670
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RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: VIEW OF ORGANIC FARMERS AgEcon
Hanson, James C.; Dismukes, Robert; Chambers, William; Greene, Catherine R.; Kremen, Amy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28551
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Trip-Level Analysis of Efficiency Changes in Oregon's Deepwater Trawl Fishery AgEcon
Tomberlin, David; Holloway, Garth J..
In 2003, an industry-financed, government-administered buyback of trawl fishing permits and vessels took place on the US West Coast, resulting in the retirement of about one-third of the limited-entry trawl fleet. The lack of cost data in this fishery precludes an analysis of how the buyback has affected profitability, but changes in technical efficiency can provide some insight into the program's effects. This paper, the first of a planned series of analyses of the buyback's effect on technical efficiency in the trawl fleet, applies stochastic frontier analysis to assess whether technical efficiency changed perceptibly after 2003. We adopt a hierarchical modeling approach estimated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, and present results from both...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Fishery Buyback; Technical Efficiency; Stochastic Production Frontier; Bayesian Inference; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; L5; C1.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8223
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Options for Supply Management in Canada with Trade Liberalization AgEcon
Barichello, Richard R.; Cranfield, John A.L.; Meilke, Karl D..
Following the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations Canada replaced its import quotas on sensitive products with tariff rate quotas. The over-quota tariffs on those products operating under domestic supply management schemes (dairy and poultry products) ranged from a low of 155 percent on turkey to a high of 299 percent on butter. These tariffs have effectively blocked over quota imports and are likely to continue to prevent imports, under most market conditions, given the likely range of tariff cuts proposed for sensitive products following a successful completion of the Doha Round. However, it’s argued that tariff cuts in the post-Doha Round will severely limit Canada’s ability to restrict imports and it is important to use the next 15 years to better...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Canada; Trade liberalization; Supply management; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6124
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SOCIAL CAPITAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CURRENT STATE OF THE ART AgEcon
Dufhues, Thomas; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Fischer, Isabel.
Social capital has been recently held up as a conceptual framework to build a bridge between the diverse disciplines involved in rural development. However, despite its potential and the impressively rapid take-up of the concept by the community of development professionals, it remains an elusive construct. No definition is yet generally accepted and many definitions are in use. Recently, social capital in the form of social networks has gained much attention in rural development theory and empirical research. But social networks or structural components of social capital are a largely missing dimension in income and poverty analysis. Moreover, most research on social capital assumes that it is a uniform entity. Therefore, the effects of different forms of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Sozialkapital; Individuelles Sozialkapital; Sozialkapitalmessung; Ego-zentriertes Netzwerk; Soziale Netzwerke; Social capital; Individual social capital; Measuring social capital; Ego-network; Social networks; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; D85; Z13.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92017
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Getting Cars Off the Road: The Cost-Effectiveness of an Episodic Pollution Control Program AgEcon
Cropper, Maureen L.; Jiang, Yi; Alberini, Anna; Baur, Patrick.
Ground level ozone remains a serious problem in the United States. Because ozone non-attainment is a summer problem, episodic rather than continuous controls of ozone precursors are possible. We evaluate the costs and effectiveness of an episodic scheme that requires people to buy permits in order to drive on high ozone days. We estimate the demand function for permits based on a survey of 1,300 households in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Assuming that all vehicle owners comply with the scheme, the permit program would reduce VOCs by 50 tons and NOx by 42 tons per Code Red day at a permit price of $75. Allowing for non-compliance by 15% of respondents reduces the effectiveness of the scheme to 39 tons of VOCs and 33 tons of NOx per day. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Ground-Level Ozone; Episodic Pollution Control Schemes; Mobile Sources; Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs); Cost Per Ton of Vocs Removed; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60749
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Labeling Regulations and Segregation of First- and Second-Generation Genetically Modified Products: Innovation Incentives and Welfare Effects AgEcon
Moschini, GianCarlo; Lapan, Harvey E..
We review some of the most significant issues and results on the economic effects of genetically modified (GM) product innovation, with emphasis on the question of GM labeling and the need for costly segregation and identity preservation activities. The analysis is organized around an explicit model that can accommodate the features of both first-generation and second-generation GM products. The model accounts for the proprietary nature of GM innovations and for the critical role of consumer preferences vis-a-vis GM products, as well as for the impacts of segregation and identity preservation and the effects of a mandatory GM labeling regulation. We also investigate briefly a novel question in this setting, the choice of 'research direction' when both...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Identity preservation; Labeling; Market failure; Product differentiation; Welfare; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18535
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Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector AgEcon
Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L..
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505
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The Economics of Competition Policy: Recent Developments and Cautionary Notes in Antitrust and Regulation AgEcon
Brennan, Timothy J..
Competition policy has become more prominent while the thinking underlying those policies has undergone substantial revision. We survey advances in antitrust economics and the economics of regulation. Increasing reliance on non-cooperative game theory as a foundation for antitrust has led to rethinking conventional approaches. We review some of these contributions in the context of mergers, vertical restraints, and competition in "network industries." Turning to regulation, we review standard rationales and identify some major contemporary refinements, with examples of the motives behind them and their application. After brief thoughts on privatization, we conclude with suggestions on design and implementation, with some observations on whether these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Antitrust; Regulation; Competition policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10716
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Estimation of Farmland Values for Assessment and Property Taxation in North Dakota AgEcon
Pederson, Glenn D.; Coon, Randal C..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1981 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23452
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In Search of Stars: Network Formation among Heterogeneous Agents AgEcon
Ule, Aljaz; Goeree, Jacob K.; Riedl, Arno.
This paper reports results from a laboratory experiment on network formation among heterogeneous agents. The experimental design extends the Bala-Goyal (2000) model of network formation with decay and two-way flow of benefits by allowing for agents with lower linking costs or higher benefits to others. Furthermore, agents' types may be common knowledge or private information. In all treatments, the (efficient) equilibrium network has a "star" structure. With homogeneous agents, equilibrium predictions fail completely. In contrast, with heterogeneous agents stars frequently occur, often with the high-value or low-cost agent in the center. Stars are not born but rather develop: with a high-value agent, the network's centrality, stability, and efficiency all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Network Formation; Experiment; Heterogeneity; Private Information; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C92; D82; D85.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9099
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