|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 9.892 | |
|
|
| Haynie, Alan C; Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; alan.haynie@noaa.gov; Huntington, Henry P; Eagle River, Alaska; hph@alaska.net. |
| Human-environment connections are the subject of much study, and the details of those connections are crucial factors in effective environmental management. In a large, interdisciplinary study of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem involving disciplines from physical oceanography to anthropology, one of the research teams examined commercial fisheries and another looked at subsistence harvests by Alaska Natives. Commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests are extensive, demonstrating strong connections between the ecosystem and the humans who use it. At the same time, however, both research teams concluded that the influence of ecosystem conditions on the outcomes of human activities was weaker than anticipated. Likely explanations of this apparently loose... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Bering Sea; Commercial fisheries; Ecosystem studies; Human-environment connections; Subsistence. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Gliozzo, Gianfranco; Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; g.gliozzo@ucl.ac.uk; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; Nathalie.Pettorelli@ioz.ac.uk; Haklay, Mordechai (Muki); Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; m.haklay@ucl.ac.uk. |
| Within ecological research and environmental management, there is currently a focus on demonstrating the links between human well-being and wildlife conservation. Within this framework, there is a clear interest in better understanding how and why people value certain places over others. We introduce a new method that measures cultural preferences by exploring the potential of multiple online georeferenced digital photograph collections. Using ecological and social considerations, our study contributes to the detection of places that provide cultural ecosystem services. The degree of appreciation of a specific place is derived from the number of people taking and sharing pictures of it. The sequence of decisions and actions taken to share a digital picture... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Crowdsourcing; Cultural ecosystem services; Environmental spaces detection; Online imagery; Social preferences; Spatial analysis; Volunteered geographic information (VGI). |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Puy, Arnald; Institute of Geography, University of Cologne; Maritime Civilizations Department, Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa; arnald.puy@gmail.com; Biagetti, Stefano; Complexity and Socio-Ecological dynamics (CaSEs), Spain; Departament d'Humanitats, Universitat Pompeu Fabra; School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand; stefano.biagetti@upf.edu. |
| To gain insights on long-term social-ecological resilience, we examined adaptive responses of small-scale societies to dryland-related hazards in different regions and chronological periods, spanning from the mid-Holocene to the present. Based on evidence from Africa (Sahara and Sahel), Asia (south margin of the Thar desert), and Europe (South Spain), we discuss key traits and coping practices of small-scale societies that are potentially relevant for building resilience. The selected case studies illustrate four main coping mechanisms: mobility and migration, storage, commoning, and collective action driven by religious beliefs. Ultimately, the study of resilience in the context of drylands emphasizes the importance of adaptive traits and practices that... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Coping mechanisms; Drylands; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability; Traditional ecological knowledge. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Coomes, Oliver T.; Department of Geography, McGill University; oliver.coomes@mcgill.ca; Takasaki, Yoshito; Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo; takasaki@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Rhemtulla, Jeanine M.; Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia; jeanine.rhemtulla@ubc.ca. |
| Can social inequality be seen imprinted in a forest landscape? We studied the relationship between land holding, land use, and inequality in a peasant community in the Peruvian Amazon where farmers practice swidden-fallow cultivation. Longitudinal data on land holding, land use, and land cover were gathered through field-level surveys (n = 316) and household interviews (n = 51) in 1994/1995 and 2007. Forest cover change between 1965 and 2007 was documented through interpretation of air photos and satellite imagery. We introduce the concept of “land use inequality” to capture differences across households in the distribution of forest fallowing and orchard raising as key land uses that affect household welfare and the sustainability of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Land inequality; Land use and land cover change; Path dependency; Secondary forests. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Adams, William M.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; wa12@cam.ac.uk; Hodge, Ian D.; Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; idh3@cam.ac.uk; Macgregor, Nicholas A.; Natural England, Nobel House, London, UK; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK; nicholas.macgregor@naturalengland.org.uk; Sandbrook, Lindsey C.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; lindsey.sandbrook@gmail.com. |
| It is increasingly recognized that ecological restoration demands conservation action beyond the borders of existing protected areas. This requires the coordination of land uses and management over a larger area, usually with a range of partners, which presents novel institutional challenges for conservation planners. Interviews were undertaken with managers of a purposive sample of large-scale conservation areas in the UK. Interviews were open-ended and analyzed using standard qualitative methods. Results show a wide variety of organizations are involved in large-scale conservation projects, and that partnerships take time to create and demand resilience in the face of different organizational practices, staff turnover, and short-term funding. Successful... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conservation governance; Ecological restoration; Landscape-scale conservation; Neoliberalism; Partnership. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Boeuf, Blandine; water@leeds, University of Leeds; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; eebgb@leeds.ac.uk; Fritsch, Oliver; water@leeds, University of Leeds; School of Geography, University of Leeds; o.fritsch@leeds.ac.uk. |
| The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is arguably the most ambitious piece of European Union (EU) legislation in the field of water. The directive defines a general framework for integrated river basin management in Europe with a view to achieving “good water status” by 2015. Institutional novelties include, among others, water management at hydrological scales, the involvement of nonstate actors in water planning, and various economic principles, as well as a common strategy to support EU member states during the implementation of the directive. More than 15 years after the adoption of the WFD, and with the passing of an important milestone, 2015, we believe it is time for an interim assessment. This article provides a systematic review... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: EU environmental policy; Meta-analysis; Policy implementation; Systematic review; Water Framework Directive; Water governance. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Iverson, Samuel A; Department of Biology, Simon Fraser University; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada; samuel.iverson@canada.ca; Forbes, Mark R.; Department of Biology, Carleton University; mark_forbes@carleton.ca; Simard, Manon; Nunavik Research Centre, Makivik Corporation, Kuujjuaq; manonsimard@eeyoumarineregion.ca; Soos, Catherine; Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan; catherine.soos@canada.ca; Gilchrist, H. Grant; National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada; grant.gilchrist@canada.ca. |
| Emerging infectious diseases are a growing concern in wildlife conservation. Documenting outbreak patterns and determining the ecological drivers of transmission risk are fundamental to predicting disease spread and assessing potential impacts on population viability. However, evaluating disease in wildlife populations requires expansive surveillance networks that often do not exist in remote and developing areas. Here, we describe the results of a community-based research initiative conducted in collaboration with indigenous harvesters, the Inuit, in response to a new series of Avian Cholera outbreaks affecting Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) and other comingling species in the Canadian Arctic. Avian Cholera is a virulent disease of birds caused by... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Avian Cholera; Common Eider; Conservation; Emerging infectious disease; Inuit; Maxent; Participatory surveillance; Species-habitat model. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Huitema, Dave; VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Open University of the Netherlands; dave.huitema@ivm.vu.nl; Adger, William Neil; University of Exeter; n.adger@exeter.ac.uk; Berkhout, Frans; Department of Geography, King's College London, UK; frans.berkhout@kcl.ac.uk; Massey, Eric; VU University; eric.massey@vu.nl; Mazmanian, Daniel; University of Southern California; mazmania@usc.edu; Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; stefania.munaretto@vu.nl; Plummer, Ryan; Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; ryan.plummer@brocku.ca; Termeer, Catrien C. J. A. M.; Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl. |
| The governance of climate adaptation involves the collective efforts of multiple societal actors to address problems, or to reap the benefits, associated with impacts of climate change. Governing involves the creation of institutions, rules and organizations, and the selection of normative principles to guide problem solution and institution building. We argue that actors involved in governing climate change adaptation, as climate change governance regimes evolve, inevitably must engage in making choices, for instance on problem definitions, jurisdictional levels, on modes of governance and policy instruments, and on the timing of interventions. Yet little is known about how and why these choices are made in practice, and how such choices affect the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Governance. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Stojanovic, Tim; University of St Andrews; tas21@st-andrews.ac.uk; McNae, Hilda M.; University of St Andrews; hilda.mcnae@st-andrews.ac.uk; Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; paul.tett@sams.ac.uk; Potts, Tavis W.; University of Aberdeen, School of Geosciences; Tavis.Potts@abdn.ac.uk; Reis, J; Cardiff University; reisj@cardiff.ac.uk; Smith, Hance D.; Cardiff University; SmithHD@cardiff.ac.uk; Dillingham, Iain; University of St Andrews; iain@dillingham.me.uk. |
| We evaluate whether society can adequately be conceptualized as a component of social-ecological systems, given social theory and the current outputs of systems-based research. A mounting critique from the social sciences posits that resilience theory has undertheorized social entities with the concept of social-ecological systems. We trace the way that use of the term has evolved, relating to social science theory. Scientometic and network analysis provide a wide range of empirical data about the origin, growth, and use of this term in academic literature. A content analysis of papers in Ecology and Society demonstrates a marked emphasis in research on institutions, economic incentives, land use, population, social networks, and social learning.... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Coastal; Scientometric analysis; Social-ecological; Social-ecological systems; Social science; Socio-ecological. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Ruseva, Tatyana B.; Appalachian State University; rusevatb@appstate.edu; Farmer, James R.; Indiana University; jafarmer@indiana.edu; Chancellor, Charles; Clemson University; hchance@clemson.edu. |
| As an important component in collaborative natural resource management and nonprofit governance, social capital is expected to be related to variations in the performance of land trusts. Land trusts are charitable organizations that work to conserve private land locally, regionally, or nationally. The purpose of this paper is to identify the level of structural and cognitive social capital among local land trusts, and how these two types of social capital relate to the perceived success of land trusts. The analysis integrates data for land trusts operating in the U.S. south-central Appalachian region, which includes western North Carolina, southwest Virginia, and east Tennessee. We use factor analysis to elicit different dimensions of cognitive social... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Land conservation; Land trusts; Networks; Organizational success; Social capital. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Casazza, Michael L; U.S. Geological Survey; mike_casazza@usgs.gov; Overton, Cory T; U.S. Geological Survey; coverton@usgs.gov; Bui, Thuy-Vy D; U.S. Geological Survey; tbui@usgs.gov; Hull, Joshua M; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of California, Davis; josh_hull@fws.gov; Albertson, Joy D; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Joy_Albertson@fws.gov; Bloom, Valary K; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Recovery Branch; valary_bloom@fws.gov; Bobzien, Steven; East Bay Regional Park District; sbobzien@ebparks.org; McBroom, Jennifer; Invasive Spartina Project; jtmcbroom@spartina.org; Latta, Marilyn; California State Coastal Conservancy; marilyn.latta@scc.ca.gov; Olofson, Peggy; San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project; prolofson@spartina.org; Rohmer, Tobias M; Invasive Spartina Project; Olofson Environmental Inc.; toby@spartina.org; Schwarzbach, Steven; U.S. Geological Survey; steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov; Strong, Donald R; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis; drstrong@ucdavis.edu; Grijalva, Erik; University of California, Davis; ekgrijalva@ucdavis.edu; Wood, Julian K; Point Blue Conservation Science; jwood@pointblue.org; Skalos, Shannon M; U.S. Geological Survey; sskalos@usgs.gov; Takekawa, John; National Audubon Society; jtakekawa@audubon.org. |
| Management actions to protect endangered species and conserve ecosystem function may not always be in precise alignment. Efforts to recover the California Ridgway’s Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter, California rail), a federally and state-listed species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation. On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Endangered; Restoration; California Ridgway’ S Rail; Spartina. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Bouamrane, Meriem; UNESCO MAB; m.bouamrane@unesco.org; Spierenburg, Marja; Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen; M.Spierenburg@maw.ru.nl; Agrawal, Arun; University of Michigan; arunagra@umich.edu; Etienne, Michel; INRA; jlmichel.etienne@laposte.net; Le Page, Christophe; CIRAD-UPR GREEN; le_page@cirad.fr; Levrel, Harold; CIRED; AgroParisTech; harold.levrel@agroparistech.fr; Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr. |
| Biosphere reserves are an example of social-ecological systems that combine biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development with knowledge generation and dissemination (both scientific and local). We review lessons learned from case studies biosphere reserves in western African and France, highlighting the importance of early stakeholder engagement to build knowledge for achieving sustainable development. We discuss the evolution of the concept of biosphere reserves and its application over time in different socioeconomic and cultural settings. The diversity of stakeholders and their different needs and perceptions about nature conservation complicate implementation processes, sometimes resulting in conflicts about the objectives and zonation of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Learning; Social-ecological systems; Solidarity; Sustainable development. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| van Staveren, Martijn F.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; martijn.vanstaveren@wur.nl; van Tatenhove, Jan P. M.; Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University; jan.vantatenhove@wur.nl. |
| Several of the world's largest deltas have recently been conceptualized as social-ecological delta systems. Although such conceptualizations are valuable in emphasizing complex interaction between social actors and ecological processes in deltas, they do not go into specific dynamics that surround technological developments in the hydraulic domain. By drawing from concepts originating in socio-technical systems research, we stress the importance of technology, particularly the domain of hydraulic engineering, in shaping a delta’s future. Based on two geographically distinct cases of flood management infrastructure in the Dutch delta, we demonstrate the influence of existing hydraulic works, in mutual interaction with social responses and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive delta management; Delta trajectory; Flood management; Hydraulic engineering; Path dependency; Social-ecological systems; Technological lock-in. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Kuhn, Arnim; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn; arnim.kuhn@ilr.uni-bonn.de; Naumann, Christiane; Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Cologne; christiane.naumann@uni-koeln.de; Rasch, Sebastian; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn; sebastian.rasch@ilr.uni-bonn.de; Sandhage-Hofmann, Alexandra; Soil Science and Soil Ecology Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; sandhage@uni-bonn.de; Amelung, Wulf; Soil Science and Soil Ecology Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn; wulf.amelung@uni-bonn.de; Jordaan, Jorrie; Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Limpopo; jorrie.jj@gmail.com; Du Preez, Chris C.; Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State; dpreezcc@ufs.ac.za; Bollig, Michael; Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Cologne; M.Bollig@verw.uni-koeln.de. |
| In the past decades, social-ecological systems (SESs) worldwide have undergone dramatic transformations with often detrimental consequences for livelihoods. Although resilience thinking offers promising conceptual frameworks to understand SES transformations, empirical resilience assessments of real-world SESs are still rare because SES complexity requires integrating knowledge, theories, and approaches from different disciplines. Taking up this challenge, we empirically assess the resilience of a South African pastoral SES to drought using various methods from natural and social sciences. In the ecological subsystem, we analyze rangelands’ ability to buffer drought effects on forage provision, using soil and vegetation indicators. In the social... |
| Tipo: NON-REFEREED |
Palavras-chave: Drought; Empirical resilience assessment; Globalization; Institutions; Monetary resources; Pastoralism; Rangelands; Social-ecological system. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Aradottir, Asa L.; Agricultural University of Iceland; asa@lbhi.is; Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Mitchell, Ruth J.; The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK; ruth.mitchell@hutton.ac.uk; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; krr@ign.ku.dk; Tolvanen, Anne; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu Finland; anne.tolvanen@luke.fi; Wilson, Scott D.; Department of Biology, University of Regina; scott.wilson@uregina.ca. |
| We developed a conceptual framework for evaluating the process of ecological restoration and applied it to 10 examples of restoration projects in the northern hemisphere. We identified three major phases, planning, implementation, and monitoring, in the restoration process. We found that evaluation occurred both within and between the three phases, that it included both formal and informal components, and that it often had an impact on the performance of the projects. Most evaluations were short-term and only some parts of them were properly documented. Poor or short-term evaluation of the restoration process creates a risk that inefficient methods will continue to be used, which reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of restoration. To improve the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Evaluation; Northern Hemisphere; Restoration implementation; Restoration monitoring; Restoration planning. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Devisscher, Tahia; Environmental Change Institute‬, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford; Stockholm Environment Institute; tahia.devisscher@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Boyd, Emily; Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Malhi, Yadvinder; Environmental Change Institute‬, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford; yadvinder.malhi@ouce.ox.ac.uk. |
| Understanding complex social-ecological systems, and anticipating how they may respond to rapid change, requires an approach that incorporates environmental, social, economic, and policy factors, usually in a context of fragmented data availability. We employed fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) to integrate these factors in the assessment of future wildfire risk in the Chiquitania region, Bolivia. In this region, dealing with wildfires is becoming increasingly challenging because of reinforcing feedbacks between multiple drivers. We conducted semistructured interviews and constructed different FCMs in focus groups to understand the regional dynamics of wildfire from diverse perspectives. We used FCM modelling to evaluate possible adaptation scenarios in the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Complexity; Scenario; Social-ecological system; Uncertainty; Wildfire risk. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
| Registros recuperados: 9.892 | |
|
|
|
